A physiological instrumentation system capable of recording the electrocardiogram, pulse rate, respiration rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures during flight has been developed. This instrumentation system was designed for use during control studies at varied levels of acceleration in order to monitor the well-being of the pilot and at the same time to obtain data for study of the relationships between his various physiological functions and his performance capability. Flights, made in a T-33 aircraft, demonstrated the ability of the system to obtain the desired physiological data in flight. The data obtained in these flights, although limited in nature, indicate a slowing of the pulse rate under the subgravity conditions of brief duration. There appeared to be a proportional nearly in-phase relationship between pulse rate and acceleration. A decrease in diastolic blood pressure together with an increase in pulse pressure was noted during subgravity conditions and an elevation of the diastolic pressure together with a decrease in pulse pressure du-ring increased accelerations. No change worthy of note was seen in the records of the systolic blood pressure, the respiration rate, or the electrocardiogram over the range of acceleration studied (0 to 3 g).


Embedded system complexity is increasing with time. This impacts negatively the product development cycle (PDC). The increasing software and hardware concurrency, and need for architectural optimization, will also complicate PDC. Innovations in PDC are needed to reduce product cost and time-to-market. Modeling a system can help in addressing architect's design concerns. To be effective in reducing PDC, a system model must incorporate performance parameters and quality of service (QoS) metrics of the modeled components. We discuss three different annotation methods for obtaining such metrics.


Nine patients (10 infusions) with a confirmed diagnosis of type 3 VWD were infused with von Willebrand factor (human), a preparation of von Willebrand factor (VWF) with a very low factor VIII content. Each patient was infused with one dose of approximately 50 or 100 iu ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RiCoF) per kg body weight. Bleeding times were performed during the 24 h period after infusion. Plasma samples were obtained over the 96 h period after infusion and were analysed for factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIIIC), VWF:RiCoF, von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag), and multimers. The FVIIIC data were analysed by non‐linear least‐squares analysis assuming constant FVIIIC 'synthesis' and exponential decay. The VWF data were fitted for exponential decay. The average decay rates for FVIIIC, VWF:RiCoF and VWF:Ag were 0.041, 0.061 and 0.056 respectively. The average calculated 'synthesis' rate for FVIIIC was 6.4 u/dl/h. The synthesis of FVIIIC was slightly faster and the decay slightly slower following the infusion of 100 iu VWF:RiCoF/kg than of 50 iu VWF:RiCoF/kg. Correction of the bleeding time was strongly dose dependent. At 4 h post infusion the median bleeding time was 9 min following a dose of 50 iu VWF:RiCoF/kg versus 3 min with a dose of 100 iu VWF:RiCoF/kg. There was no decrease in the bleeding time until the level of VWF:Ag or VWF:RiCoF reached >100 u/dl.


The objective of this research was to examine the effect of intellectual capital toward firm's  performance. In this research, intellectual capital was measured by VAIC™.  The samples in this study were banking companies that were listed in Indonesia Stock  Exchange consecutively from 2012 till 2013. The sample in this study determined based on  purposive sampling method. Data used in this study is a secondary data. Data used in this  study was analyzed by using Partial Least Squares. In total, there were 26 banking  companies that fulfill the requirements set by the researcher. This study tests three elements  of VAIC™ and firm's performance.  The results of this study were intellectual capital (VAIC™) has effect on firm's  performance; intellectual capital (VAIC™) has effect on future firm's performance; and the  rate of growth intellectual capital (ROGIC) has no effect on future firm's performance. Key words: F irm's Performance, Intellectual Capital, Partial Least Squares, VAIC TM


Fundamental speech research at the Department of Speech Communication & Music Acoustics, KTH, has lead to a multi-lingual text-to-speech system and a speech recognition device. Both are presently put to use by the visually impaired. To this date over five hundred text-to-speech systems are delivered, most of them to applications for the visually impaired. Some of these applications will be described including software for screen access, reading machines and a radio-distributed daily newspaper experiment. In some applications, simple speech coding techniques suffice, as in a cuing system that recently has been successfully introduced. Some present and future research topics, that will lead to improved speech technology aids for visually impaired persons, will also be discussed. Speech technology research in Sweden Fundamental speech research at the Department of Speech Communication and Music Acoustics, KTH, has lead to a multi-lingual text-tospeech system and a speech recognition device (Magnusson, Blomberg, Carlson, Elenius & Granstrijm, 1984). Both products are now put to use by the visually impaired. Present research topics include improved models for speech production especially modelling the glottal source and the interaction between the source and the vocal tract. Articulatory models are also studied. At Chalmers Technical University in Gothenburg, an experimental text-to-speech system has been built along fhese lines. I-bwever, it is still true that the factor limiting the speech quality today is not the model per se but the detailed phonetic knowledge implemented in the rule synthesis programs. A speech data hase has been created to study phonetic realizations in detail. Different reading styles and speaker characteristics are also studied in order to improve speech synthesis quality and flexibility. International perspective Speech technoloq has grown considerably during the last decade, both on the research and commercial developments. Several market projections around 1980 showed multi-billion dollar markets before 1990. * Contribution to the Workshop on "Communication Systems for the Blind", Florence, Italy, bbvember 18-20, 1986.


Most computational narrative models descend from the Proppian tradition, in which characters have fixed traits, including their goodness or badness. However, some literary narratives allow for characters to grow and change. Beyond this, it is also important to take account of the attribution of moral traits and evaluations by readers of narrative. How this occurs is a complex matter. We propose here a model and an environment to assist in its study. Specifically, starting from threaded Directed Acyclic Graphs, we generate short narrative texts in English. These are presented in a web-based environment which allows a reader to express some degree of positive or negative moral evaluation. This is captured and used to drive some fundamental moral decision at the end of the text. We show how this model makes it possible to study in some detail how individual readers respond to texts, how the presence or absence of specific textual structures affects these judgments, as well as the interaction among them, and how the linearity inherent in narrative plays a role in affecting moral judgments. Applications of the model include the empirical analysis of one aspect of reading, as well as the opportunity to study in more detail ethical perspectives themselves, both at the individual and collective level. Finally, by capturing and storing reader reactions, the model provides a means of dynamically planning texts to achieve maximum effect with respect to reader judgments. 1998 ACM Subject Classification I.2.4 Representation languages


This paper proposes and experimentally demonstrates a novel technique for the realization and the actuation of continuous-membrane for adaptive optics application. This original device demonstrates, for the first time, both positive and negative deflection with individual pixel displacement of +/- 10 /spl mu/m, which is one order of magnitude larger than in usual approaches. The deformable mirror is constituted by a thin film bulk-micromachined membrane which covers an original set of actuators composed of an array of self-assembling/self-locking 3D polysilicon electrostatic micro-structures.


The main point of learning is the students be able to communicate using English. English becomes the important language especially after realizing EAC (Economic ASEAN Community). Therefore, the nursing students need to be able to communicate using English. Communication using English means the students be able to speak English. Because English belongs to the supplementary subject, many students have the problem in learning English. Additionally, one of the solutions is teaching speaking through debate. The debate can be useful in teaching speaking because debate needs the active learning process. Moreover, to make the students easy in doing debate, AREL (Argument, Reasoning, Evidence, Link Back) becomes the solution. This research aims to know the use of AREL in the debate to improve the speaking skill for nursing students. The subject of the research was the nursing students of STIKES Muhammadiyah Kudus in the fourth semester.  The data comes from observation, rubrics, and test. This research compares before and after using AREL. For the quantitative, the researcher measured by using the average score, maximum and minimum score. Moreover, for the qualitative, the researcher used Symons rubrics. In Symon's rubric, there were four elements, they are fluency, pronunciation,  accuracy, and content. Based on the result of pretest-posttest, there was an improvement in the average score of the students. Moreover, based on the qualitative data, this research used Symons rubric and observation. For the fluency, pronunciation, accuracy, and content there was an improvement for the students speaking. The students are able to arrange the argument systematically and logically. Moreover, they also can create the debate atmosphere that can improve their speaking competence


School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Center for Water Resources and Environment, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiang An District, Xiamen 361005, China


In this paper through the use of texture profile analysis, the hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, springiness and resilience of fish is measured under different heating temperature and time. With its trends, analysis the impact of heat on the texture and quality of fish. While analysis the protein changes during processing, TPA results, 30 ℃ low temperarure processing fish protein degradation moderate, fleshy and firm, elastic, there is chewing a sense of fresh, can maintain maximum nutrition and natural flavor of the original.


This study aims to analyze the level of understanding about climate change among the Nepalese youth. Perceptions regarding the knowledge about climate change, climate change indicators, impact made by such change, government intervention and various climate change policies were investigated. The exploratory survey was conducted with the help of self-administered questionnaire. A total of 954 youth studying at the different levels were selected purposively from about 2 dozens of schools and colleges that represent 4 different Universities, Higher Secondary and Schools in different areas of Kathmandu Valley. Both descriptive as well as inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data. The logistic regression model was used to test the hypothesis. The model prepared 5 different hypotheses to identify the actual level of youth understanding about climate change. The study results that 98% youth are aware about climate change. Similarly, the logit model revealed that youth are well aware of climate change since factors like study level, age, gender, formal education about climate change, participation in various climate-related training, climate change talk on family and society, access to mobile phone and use of mobile phone for climate change learning are found to be statistically significant at desirable probability level. However, in spite of youth awareness on climate change, still, they are unknown about the coping strategies such as adaptation and mitigation implemented by the government. It indicates government should transmit similar information via all possible channels to the youth so that the plan and policies that are related to climate change can be successfully implemented.


RELICT NATURE OF WATERS IN THE CARPATHIAN AND FORE-CARPATHIAN AREAS Summary The progress in the research of deep horizons of mineral waters is responsible for a fact that the notion "relict nature" of these waters in more and more relative. The processes determined as "water alterations" lead to various hydrochemical system and this is why the boundary between the waters from the previous geological epochs and waters which almost at present are mineralized due to the leaching of salt deposits, becomes obliterated. In this respect, the quantitative coefficients determining the proper origin of strongly mineralized waters are thought to be of conventional values, mainly due to a fact that no bases exist to make an assumption a priori as to any "survival" of quantitative proportions of certain components of sea water throughout a period of millions of years of alteration in water-rock environment. A spatial compensation in composition of mineral waters may be observed to appear at considerable depths, mainly due to vertical differentiation. As an example of such hydrochemical unification may serve here a picture of relict waters of two different tectonic units like the Carpathians and the adjacent area of the Fore-Carpathian region. A comparison of mineral waters has been made on two cross sections (Krynica ans Sanok sections, Fig. 1) on the basis of diagrams that illustrate the content of Cl - and J - ions, also HCO 3 - ions, against the background of the total mineralization (Figs. 3 and 4). For the Krynica cross section there is given a comparison of data in vertical plane (Fig. 2). The diagrams show that the deep-seated mineral waters in both regions are, as concerns their chemical nature, highly similar. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Enuresis (bedwetting) is a common disorder in which children wet the bed consciously while they should have had control of the bladder. Prevention of this case is highly important, hence the impact of enuresis on child development can be overcome. Family history, psychological stress, constipation, and poor toilet training can lead to enuresis. This study aims to discover factors related to enuresis in children aged 5-6 years in Padang City. The research type is quantitative with the method is analytic and an approach of cross-sectional study. The samples used in this study involved 178 children who were 5 and six years old. These were taken by applying incidental sampling technique. The data collection tool was questionnaires including several factors regarding enuresis in children; this consisted of a family history questionnaire (IACAPAP), psychological stress (PSS-C), constipation, toilet training, and other questionnaires. The data analysis used was a Chi-square test. The results showed that less than half of a total number of the children had enuresis (34.8%) and there was a relation among family history, constipation, toilet training (p-value = 0.000) and psychological stress (p-value = 0.003) with enuresis in children. This thesis suggests that parents should pay more attention to their children's health such as stress and constipation, and nurses as educators are expected to provide information for parents about stress, constipation and implementation of toilet training in children in order to reduce the incidence of enuresis.


Units produced or ordered are not of 100% good quality items in general. In this paper, a deterministic inventory model is developed for imperfect quality items when deterioration rate is different during a cycle. Demand is considered as linear function of time. Shortages are allowed and completely backlogged. Numerical example and sensitivity analysis is taken to support the model.


A multi-phase matrix C/SiC-(W-C) composite was prepared by combined chemical vapor infiltration(CVI) technology with solution impregnation.The phase composition and microstructure of the composite were identified and characterized by XRD,EDS and SEM methods.Reaction mechanism was discussed primarily.The W-C was found to infiltrate the pores among fiber bundles,also among the filaments.The density and open porosity of the prepared C/SiC-(W-C) composite were 3.4g/cm~3 and 11%,respectively.


Corruption is rampant around the world and can be detrimental to social justice. We aim to understand whether and how belief in a just world to self (BJW-self) influences individuals' intentions to become involved in bribery. We measured bribery intention using hypothetical scenarios. In Study 1 and Study 2, we consistently found that BJW-self negatively predicted bribery intention, and this pattern was mediated by perceived punishment of getting involved in bribery. We further demonstrated the causal effect of BJW-self on bribery intention in an experiment (Study 3). These results indicate that BJW as one lay belief can be important in suppressing people's bribery intention, and perceived punishment mediates the effect of BJW on rule-breaking behaviours. Implications for anti-corruption policies and future research are also discussed.


1. Unstimulated mast cells from the peritoneal cavity of the rat take up 45Ca: the initial phase of rapid uptake being complete after 1 min incubation of the cells with the isotope. Stimulation of the mast cells with an antigen‐antibody reaction, dextran or concanavalin A induces an increase in the uptake of 45Ca which is accompanied by a release of granular material: this increase in 45Ca uptake is also complete in 1 min. The majority of the stimulated 45Ca uptake cannot be explained in terms of binding of Ca to released granular material, or to an enlargement in either the extracellular compartment or the cell surface area.


Objective To investigate the impact of symptom onset-first medical contact( Symptom Onset-First Medical Contact,SO-to-FMC) on the door-to-balloon( D-to-B) time in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction( ST elevated myocardial infarction,STEMI). Methods The retrospective study of a single-center; selected 149 STEMI patients sent by ambulance from 2011. 08 to 2014. 09,and all accept primary percutaneous coronary intervention( percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI) within 12 h after symptom onset. Record the following times: symptom onset-first medical contact,the first medical contact-the door,the door-to-balloon,symptom onset-balloon. Patients were divided into two groups: SO-to-FMC≤60 min group and SO-to-FMC 60 min groups. Results In the 149 STEMI patients,the median( 25%,75%) of SO-to-FMC time was 60( 40,105) min; the standard rate of D-to-B time( D-to-B≤90 min) in SO-toFMC≤60 min group was significantly higher than SO-to-FMC 60 min group( 35. 3% vs 19. 4%,P = 0. 000); the D-to-B time was shorter than the SO-to-FMC 60 min group( median 95 min vs 114 min,P 0. 05); total ischemic time was significantly shorter than SO-to-FMC 60 min group( median 179 min vs 273 min,P 0. 05); first medical contact-door time of the two groups( median 26 min vs 25 min,P = 0. 852) was not statistically significant different. Conclusion The shorter of the SO-to-FMC time of patients seek medical intervention earlier,D-to-B and total ischemic time also would be shorter,and therefore SO-to-FMC time could be as a new indicator in the emergency of patients with STEMI.


Results Case 1: A 26-year-old patient diagnosed at 18 weeks with an ABS involving the left foot with thick edema, the right slightly edematous clubfoot and the umbilical cord (UC). The movements were diminished in both ankles. No other morphological anomaly was seen. A fetoscopic release of the amniotic constriction band was performed at 20 weeks under local anesthesia. In utero we observed twisted amniotic sheets wrapped around the left ankle involving the right one and the UC. We cut the amniotic sheets by applying the tip of the laser fiber in direct contact with the visible parts of the amniotic bands away from the UC and fired continuous shots (25 watts) while injecting saline under 50ml syringe pressure. We noticed an immediate in utero regain of the pink color in the left foot. No complication was noted. Follow up scans reported an improvement in functionality of both feet, with independent movements. The patient delivered spontaneously at 38 weeks, with two functional feet (a right clubfoot necessitating kinesitherapy). Case 2: A 26-year-old patient was diagnosed at 22 weeks with ABS around the left hand and the UC. No flexion/extension movement of the hand was noticed. No other morphological defect was reported. A fetoscopic release of the amniotic constriction band was performed at 23 weeks. In utero we observed entanglement of multiple amniotic sheets around the fingers of left hand, involving also the UC. We used the same technique to liberate the fingers. No complication was noted. Follow up ultrasound scans showed regain of flexion/extension movements of the fingers in the left hand. The patient delivered spontaneously at 36. 8weeks with a normal function of the left hand.


W e present the results from fullQ CD sim ulations with four avors oflight staggered dynam icalquarks on Q CDSP supercom puter. Previous results are reproduced and the sim ulation reported here yields new results consistent with our previous runs. The hadron spectrum obtained with W ilson valence ferm ions reported here willallow usto determ ine ifourearlierconclusionsare independentoflattice form alism .


Micro‐D electrical connectors are extremely crucial, highly reliable industrial devices in the fields of aerospace, military, and medicine. The geometry and size of the twisted wire contacts of micro‐D electrical connector are vital for its mechanical properties and structural stability. In this investigation, dynamics modeling, numerical simulation and experimental tests of the insertion‐extraction processes were applied on the twisted wire contacts of micro‐D electrical connector. The computer aided design and engineering (CAD‐CAE) parameterized models of the twisted‐wire contacts were developed, and the theoretical models were also built on the basis of the mechanics of the materials. Nonlinear dynamics simulation was performed by ANSYS/LS‐DYNA finite element software to analyze the force and stress distribution of the insertion‐extraction processes. The results showed that the insertion force (~0.34 N) was higher than the extraction force (~0.32 N), and the stress concentration occurred on the clamping end and the convex hull of the pin. The mechanical model and numerical simulation were then verified by the experimental tests. By the orthogonal test and the sequential quadratic programming optimization method, the insertion‐extraction forces could be reduced to obtain the optimal contacts structural parameters. This theoretical study will help researchers in the design, manufacture, and employment of micro‐D electrical connectors.


In this paper we investigate the relationship between satellite radio connectivity and other opportunistic connectivity schemes that rely on short-range communication. We also describe an opportunistic vehicular networking scheme for safety applications, based on satellite communication links (i.e., LEO/MEO satellite constellations). In such scenario (see Figure 1 (left)), a vehicle (called as isolated vehicle) is driving alone on the road (i.e., the traffic density reaches the minimum value), and no radio coverage (e.g., no Wi-Fi access points, or cellular base stations).


The cart-pole problem is an example of an inherently unstable dynamical system and has been widely used to test adaptive controllers. While various researchers have applied a range of adaptive controllers to solve the problem, there has been little work done on comparing the results of these methods. To compound this, researchers have used differing configurations of the cart-pole system. This work compares three common techniques used to solve the cart-pole problem. The cart-pole controllers are assessed on the basis of balancing time and centring/oscillation ability for a standardised configuration. Comparative results are given.<<ETX>>


Objective To make an investigation of the status quo of three distribution of pathogenic bacteria and composition of diseases,so as to provide scientific basis for the development of our hospital.Methods Make a yearly comprehensive investigation and analyzed of all the pathogenic recourses.Results Three distribution of the patients was made clear and regional disease spectrum was true and reliable.Conclusion Based on the results of the investigation,this paper puts forward some corresponding constructive suggestions for the hospital's development.


This paper presents the comparative analysis learners' readiness among Engineering and Art students in higher learning institution. The study was focused on examining 120 students from Engineering and Art cluster to practice e-Portfolio for their courses. The pilot study was tested the reliability coefficient with Cronbach's alpha (α) of 0.825. The survey of learner readiness was divided into five constructs to assess the readiness towards using e-portfolio for future assessment purposes. The finding was concluded that the students are indeed ready to use e-Portfolio as an appropriate platform for integrative learning. The use of e-Portfolio will broaden the possibility to promote outcome-based education and constructive alignment which encompassed practical skills such as critical thinking, problem solving, information management and lifelong skills. The preliminary study proved that e-Portfolio is beneficial to students, faculty and stakeholders.


The present work grade contains business plan for creating Doctor at home for foreigners Ltd. The creation of such insurance is intended to provide the opportunity to enjoy foreign health insurance consultation at home 24 hours a day 365 days a year in the language that the patient requires handling bilingualism, with an interdisciplinary team backed by technology and supplies needed to provide nursing care and rehabilitation with confidence and great warmth in the comfort of your home and the sweetheart of the people around them, thus contributing to the speedy recovery of the patient. The work consists of a market study, a study operational, administrative and legal analysis and finally a financial analysis.


Through the description of three scenes from a course on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender psychology taught at a public university in the US, and through engagement with critical theory and writings on pedagogy and dialogue, the usefulness and limits of dialogue in classrooms will be discussed. First, the importance of considering participant standpoint in evaluating the usefulness of dialogue is considered. Next, the pedagogical and ethical implications of deprivileging the sensitivities and comfort of heterosexual students are debated. Finally, classrooms are imagined where discomfort is distributed equally among students across sexualities, while concerns about the violent potential of language and the possibility of physical violence are taken seriously.


1 PhD Candidate of Health Services Management, Department of Health Services Administration, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2 MD, MPH. PhD, Associate Professor, Health in Disasters and Emergencies Department, School of Health, Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 PhD, Professor, Department of Health Services Administration, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 4 MD, Instructor; Department of Cardiology, Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran * Corresponding author: Katayoun Jahangiri, MD, MPH. PhD, Associate Professor, Health in Disasters and Emergencies Department, School of Health, Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: 23 Sep 2017 Accepted: 08 Jan 2018


Platelet adhesiveness studies were performed by two techniques in twenty-two gout patients and closely matched controls under carefully standardized conditions. No significant difference in platelet adhesiveness was found between the groups.


Early deep sedation in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been associated with harm (Crit Care Med 2017; 46:471), but data on the effect of sedation


Abstract Traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2 occurs when the mechanical event at the base of the trauma is a compression force on the vertex. Management of this is well defined in literature, and both surgical and conservative treatments have been proposed in adults. In contrast, the principles of treatment are somewhat more uncertain and less well defined in children. One of the most frequently suggested treatments is the early reduction of the fracture, with immobilization in halo. Other types of cervical orthoses are not recommended. This article reports on a rare case of an inveterate hangman's fracture in a 12-year-old girl that is healing completely through immobilization in a SOMI brace that was applied 4 months after the trauma. In our experience, hangman's fracture is poorly defined with regard to the treatment of pediatric patients, and there are currently no established guidelines. If dynamic X-ray scans show complete reduction of the fracture, conservative treatment is an efficient, effective, and noninvasive solution, even in case of inveterate fractures. Halo vest and SOMI brace are good solutions. SOMI brace is an available option because it is less traumatic for the patient.


With a growing interest in outer space, space robots have become a focus of exploration. To coordinate them for unmanned space exploration, we propose to use the"mother-daughter structure". In this setup, the mother spacecraft orbits the planet, while daughter probes are distributed across the surface. The mother spacecraft senses the environment, computes control commands and distributes them to daughter probes to take actions. They synergistically form sensing-communication-computing-control ($\mathbf{SC^3}$) loops, which are indivisible. We thereby optimize the spacecraft-probe downlink within $\mathbf{SC^3}$ loops to minimize the sum linear quadratic regulator (LQR) cost. The optimization variables are block length and transmit power. On account of the cycle time constraint, the spacecraft-probe downlink operates in the finite block length (FBL) regime. To solve the nonlinear mixed-integer problem, we first identify the optimal block length and then transform the power allocation problem into a tractable convex one. Additionally, we derive the approximate closed-form solutions for the proposed scheme and also for the max-sum rate scheme and max-min rate scheme. On this basis, we reveal their different power allocation principles. Moreover, we find that for time-insensitive control tasks, the proposed scheme demonstrates equivalence to the max-min rate scheme. These findings are verified through simulations.


s JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology • Volume 26, Number 3S, April 2020 Material and methods: We reviewed 235 patients who started Enbrel in Rheumatology at Navarra Hospital Complex and Henares University Hospital and their switch to biosimilar drug (Benepali) with a follow-up of 6 months. Results: The switch was performed in 196 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), juvenile idiopathic arthritis, SAPHO and spondyloarthritis. 11.2% discontinued treatment: 6 RA (7.6%), 6 PsA (10.1%) and 10 AS (26.3%); all of them in the injection presentation. Fourteen patients stopped treatment due to inefficacy, 2 due to reaction at the injection site, 2 due to diarrhea, 1 due to Crohn's disease, 1 due to uveitis, 1 due to headache and 1 due to the patient's decision. Among 77.3% of patients who returned to Enbrel, 23.5% did not achieve good response and had to change treatment. The median time from Enbrel beginning until the moment of switching was 55 (37-92) months. Conclusions: In our series, approximately 11% of switching patients failed after a 6-month of follow-up;when trying to return toEnbrel 23.5%did not achieve response. The median persistence time in the original molecule and the percentage of failures observed in AS could be two conditions to consider before switching. A longer-term follow-up and a greater number of patients are necessary to ratify these data.


Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease of the skin and peripheral nerves characterized by hypoesthetic skin lesions, thickened nerves and presence of Mycobacterium leprae in the skin smears. It classically presents with neural or dermal signs and symptoms. Ulnar nerve is most commonly involved. We hereby report a case of leprosy who presented with multiple intradermal abscesses which is very unusual and with best of our knowledge it has not been reported earlier in literature.


A new concept of aerobic microbial electrochemical technology allowed combining the merits of both aerobes and exoelectrogens at the same solid–liquid interface for efficient and synergistic pollutants removal from wastewater.


The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 stipulates that every person has the right of access to information held by government. To give effect to this right, legislation in the form of the Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (2 of 2000) (POAIA) was promulgated. The mere existence of a legislative framework regulating aspects such as the nature of the right, administrative matters, legitimate limitations and enforcement mechanisms does not mean that the right of access to information will automatically be fulfilled in the way that the drafters of the Act envisaged. The success of the access to information regime will be determined by the manner in which the POAIA is implemented in practice. This article explores a number of prerequisites that are considered necessary for the successful implementation of the POAIA.


[Bo1] R. Bowen. Equilibrium states and the ergodic theory of Anosov diffeomorphisms (Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 470). Springer, 1975. [Bo2] R. Bowen. Hausdorff dimension of quasi-circles. Publ. Math. I.H.E.S. 50 (1979), 11-26. [F] K. Falconer, Fractal geometry, Mathematical foundations and applications. Wiley, 1990. [M] R. Mañé. Ergodic theory and differentiable dynamics. Springer, 1987. [PT] J. Palis and F. Takens. Hyperbolicity and Sensitive Chaotic Dynamics at Homoclinic Bifurcations. Cambridge University Press, 1993. [P] Ya. Pesin. Dimension Theory in Dynamical Systems: Contemporary Views and Applications. Chicago University Press, 1997. [R1] D. Ruelle. Repellers for real analytic maps. Ergod. Th. and Dynam. Sys. 2 (1982), 99-107.


In February 2007, Québec Premier set up a Commission which was given the task of asking citizens about reasonable accommodation practices related to cultural differences. These practices have deeply marked the political and social life of Quebecers the last few years. This article analyzes the Bouchard-Taylor Commission's work, especially the wide public consultation which was developed in a public debate, giving rise to an intensive participative and deliberative practice without precedent in that nation's history.


The article reviews the evolution of external audit in some European countries and considers how this is likely to affect auditing in the future. The analysis shows how the European Commission has recently concentrated its harmonization focus on the consolidated accounts of listed companies and the use of International Accounting Standards. It is probable that this trend will continue and in the short term will cause changes in the arrangements for external overview of the audit and in national auditor rules.


Studies have shown us that many consumers want more from their health information. They seek greater access to their own health records; enhanced communication with physicians, pharmacies, and clinics; and a larger role in their health management. This higher level of consumer-directed healthcare aligns with employers' goals to reduce costs associated with providing healthcare to employees as well as to promote preventive health measures and raise workforce productivity. And, of course, increased health information exchange (HIE) has significant advantages for healthcare organizations as well, helping them improve care while reducing costs. To enable this heightened opportunity for consumer empowerment, the healthcare enterprises holding this protected health information (PHI) must first gain consumers' trust by demonstrating that their electronic data is being exchanged securely and accurately and is being made available only to those select entities—caregivers, researchers, insurance carriers, and governmental agencies among them—who are acting in their best interests. Gaining consumers' trust and pushing forward with health information exchange are significant challenges. But they are being met head-on, by both strong federal programs and best-of-breed technologies that today are helping us approach the goal of patient-centric, cost-effective care.


The objective of this study was to develop the potential distribution model of Araucaria angustifolia and verify the relevance of Curitiba's urban forest for its conservation. The potential distribution model was developed considering meteorological and topo-edaphic criteria through the MaxEnt® algorithm. The potential distribution map was classified into three classes of environmental adequacy: high, medium, and low. Pedology and declivity were the criteria most representative of the species distribution. The model presented an accuracy of 93.4%. The northern region of Curitiba and the areas along watercourses presented the highest environmental adequacy for A. angustifolia. A total of 72.94% of the analyzed green areas have medium and/or high adequacy for the species. We recommend creating protected areas in the regions indicated by the model, aiming at favoring the conservation of A. angustifolia and reducing pressures on their populations in the urban environment.


Abstract Several nomenclatural changes have taken place in Platanthera within the past decade, including the recircumscription of species and newly described segregate taxa. Collections in herbaria should be updated to reflect these changes, however Platanthera herbarium specimens are difficult to identify because diagnostic qualitative and quantitative characters present in the field are not always available in dried material. Such a problem is found in P. hyperborea s. lat. from continental North America, which is now known to comprise the diploid P. aquilonis and the putative allotetraploid P. huronensis. Platanthera aquilonis and P. dilatata are commonly regarded as progenitors of P. huronensis. Platanthera hyperborea s. str. is not known to occur in continental North America. I undertook a study to determine if herbarium specimens of P. hyperborea s. lat. and the closely related P. dilatata representing British Columbia populations could be annotated to reflect the current taxonomic treatment. I placed P. hyperborea s. lat. and P. dilatata herbarium specimens into groups using keys and descriptions provided in recent treatments. Principal components analysis (PCA) and ANOVAs were used to determine if groups existed in the data set. The univariate statistics supported the presence of three groups in the data set and individuals of known ploidy helped to confirm that phenetic clusters on the PCA scatterplot corresponded to the appropriate species. Using techniques outlined in this paper, Platanthera herbarium specimens can be annotated to reflect current taxonomic treatments.


Abstract Four new nematode species belonging to the families Aporcelaimidae, Qudsianematidae and Leptonchidae (Dorylaimida) are described from native vegetation in New Zealand. Makatinus silvaticus n. sp. is 2.3–2.7 mm long and has characteristically narrow lateral hypodermal chords, a lip region set‐off by a slight depression, a 25–27 μm long odontostyle, and a pharyngo‐intestinal junction with a disc. The females have a longitudinal vulva and characteristically shaped vaginal sclerotisation; the males have large spicules and 11–12 ventromedian supplements. Hulqus zelandicus n. sp. females are 0.9–1.0 mm long and have a set‐off lip region, a 7–9 μm long odontostyle, wine‐glass‐shaped amphids with small apertures, a monoopisthodelphic gonad, a posteriorly directed vagina and a long filiform tail; males are unknown. Proleptonchus attenuatus n. sp. is 1.5–1.9 mm long and slender and has a set‐off lip region, a 7.5–8.5 μm long odontostyle, and an elongate pharyngeal bulb; the female has a pseudomonodelphic gonad, the posterior branch being reduced to a vestigial oviduct and traces of an ovary; the males have short spicules. Capilonchus capitatus n. sp. is 1.7–2.2 mm long and slender and has a set‐off lip region with a prominent labial disc, a 9.0–9.5 μm long, attenuated odontostyle with fine lumen and aperture, and a pharyngeal bulb set‐off by a constriction; the female has a pseudomonodelphic gonad, the posterior branch being reduced to a vestigial oviduct and traces of an ovary; the males have dorylaimoid spicules and five ventromedian supplements.


Calorimetric low temperature detectors (CLTD's) for heavy-ion detection have been combined with the LOHENGRIN recoil separator at the ILL Grenoble for the determination of nuclear charge distributions of fission fragments produced by thermal neutron-induced fission of 235 U. The LOHENGRIN spectrometer separates fission fragments according to their mass-to-ionic-charge ratio and their kinetic energy, buthasnoselectivitywithrespecttonuclearcharges Z .Fortheseparationofthenuclear charges, one can exploit the nuclear charge-dependent energy loss of the fragments passing through an energy degrader foil (absorber method). This separation requires detector systems with high energy resolution and negligible pulse height defect, as well as degrader foils which are optimized with respect to thickness, homogeneity, and energy loss straggling. In the present, contribution results of test measurements at the Maier Leibnitz tandem accelerator facility in Munich with 109 Ag and 127 I beams with the aim to determine the most suitable degrader material, as well as measurements at the Institut Laue–Langevin will be presented. These include a systematic study of the quality of Z -separation of fission fragments in the mass range 82 ≤ A ≤ 132 and


The invention relates to a tray, particularly for transporting vehicle wheels and/or vehicle-wheel rims, having at least one substantially plane structure (5) and at least two first supports (2), each of the first supports (2) comprising at least one first guide-and-positioning element (3), the two first supports (2) being associated to the structure (5) in a cooperating way, the first guide-and-positioning elements (3) of the two associated first supports (2) defining at least one first region (4) for horizontally accommodating at least one vehicle wheel/vehicle-wheel rim (6), the tray (1) further comprising at least two second supports (2'), each of the second supports (2') comprising at least one second guide-and-positioning element (3') associable to a horizontally-accommodated wheel/wheel rim (6) and at least one third guide-and-positioning element (3''), the two second supports (2') being associable to the wheel/wheel rim (6) in such a way that the third guide-and-positioning elements (3'') define at least one second region for horizontally accommodating at least one wheel/wheel rim. The invention further relates to an assembly of tray and wheels and/or wheel rims and a support for use on the aimed-at tray.


Aldolase (fructose-1,6-diphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase, EC 126.96.36.199) was purified from chicken (Gallus domesticus) brain tissue. The enzyme was shown to be homogeneous according to the following criteria: purification to a constant specific activity following sequential chromatography on DEAE and Sephadex, sedimentation velocity analysis, and electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips.Several properties of the enzyme were determined including the Stokes radius (47 A), diffusion constant (D020 w = 4.6 × 10−7 cm2/s), sedimentation coefficient (s020 w = 8.0), and molecular weight (155 000). The enzyme has a broad pH optimum centered around 7.2. The apparent Michaelis constants for fructose 1,6-diphosphate and fructose 1-phosphate were 7 × 10−5 M and 3 × 10−2 M, respectively. The activity ratio with the above two substrates was 30.Many of the molecular properties of this enzyme are similar to those of the rabbit brain enzyme and the muscle enzymes from both chickens and rabbits. The enzymic pr...


Increased federal environmental regulation during the 1970s had major effects on the political markets of state environmental quality. We test several theories in the literature on comparative state policy for the time period beginning with the National Environmental Policy Act and ending with the federal deregulatory period (1980). We find that special interests, wealth, and intergovernmental relations theories are primary determinants of state air quality expenditures. Intergovernmental relations, wealth, and ideology are primary determinants of state water quality expenditures.


This short paper describes a study of the develop- ment of children who suffered severe delay in establishing normal respiration at birth. Their progress has been measured against that of children who escaped this initial handicap, but who are in most other respects similar. We have not been concerned here with the immediate effects of asphyxia neonatorum, but with the effects, if any, some eight to 11 years after birth. Most of the existing work on this subject has been carried out retrospectively. That is, the data usually consist of a group of children known to be mentally or physically retarded; the individual birth histories of the group are traced, and from the histories an estimate is made of the proportion of retarded children who had suffered from delayed respiration at birth. This method, although it sometimes offers very suggestive evidence that asphyxia in the para-natal period does leave permanent sequelae, cannot give any help in assessing the prognosis for a group of ' asphyxiated ' children. Moreover, it is open to the objection that in some cases the mother's description of her infant's condition at birth is the only available history; after a lapw of years this may be inaccurate or unconsciously coloured by her endeavours to find some cause for her child's departure from the normal. Smith (1948) draws attention to these difficulties and points out that ' still which a given in the individual


The relationship between nurses is associated with the Colleague's Confidentiality Protection, according to the Code of Ethics for Nurses, and the code of Ethics for Nurses is also a guide for each nurse.
The purpose of this study was to research the attitudes and the perceptions about the Colleague's Confidentiality between nurses from the General Hospital of Sparta, the hospital of Molaoi and from the Parancadian General Hospital of Tripoli and the correlation between social factors or any other factors.
Methodology: The study sample included 177 Nurses (9,7% men and 90,3% women). The research took place from 1 July to 30 November 2011. We used specially designed questionnaires for personal perceptive and social demographic data (Cronbach α= 0,81). A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed and 177 were returned. Statistical program SPSS for Windows (SPSS Inc., 2003, Chicago, USA) was used for the statistical analysis. In statistical significance testing (p value) <0.05 the result was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The majority of the participants said that they had understudy an error but they made no official report. The main reason for a non-reporting was because of the Colleague's Confidentiality's Protection. A rate of 48% of the nurses knew the Code of Ethics for Nurses and the law. A rate of 32.5% of the participants considered that by reporting an error, the hospital would have a positive response but 29.6% thought it would be difficult for the hospital to handle the problem. Conclusions: The colleague's cooperation and confidentiality is an essential part of the professional life of the nurse, as it effects decisions about reporting an error. The Colleague's Confidentiality Protection contributes significantly to the improvement of relations among nurses.


This paper considers the problem of computing optimal ordering policies for a product that has a life of exactly two periods when demand is random. Initially costs are charged against runouts (stockouts) and outdating (perishing). By charging outdating costs according to the expected amount of outdating one period into the future, a feasible one period model is constructed. The central theorem deals with the n-stage dynamic problem and demonstrates the appropriate cost functions are convex in the decision variable and also provides bounds on certain derivatives. The model is then generalized to include ordering and holding costs. The paper is concluded with a discussion of the infinite horizon problem.


In most industries, customer retention has replaced the aggressive and offensive customer attraction
ideals of transactional marketing. Collaborative architecture within the value chain represents such shift from
marketing mix approach to Relationship Marketing, which though lacks knowledge of its own but spans inter-firm
alignments to reform marketing activities via debunking selfishness, superficiality and self-indulgence. Traditional
marketing management theories focus on oppressive associations, relationship between customer and product,
short-term or even single exchange(s), offensive marketing and/or power-based notions whereas relational
interactions change conflicts to harmonic co-operation, associations, and connections, and ultimately infrequent
business relationships to on-going. The economic soundness of such mutual participative architecture revolves on
strategic optimization that serves the interests of stakeholders on the grounds that customer retention and customer
loyalty reflect complex activity involving inputs from vendors and other independent firms and continues even by the
manner the dealers handle and explain customer complaints and doubts. All the steps from design to after-sales
service are mutually integrated flows aimed at reducing marketing expenses; increasing customer switching costs;
and moving the customer up, in a co-ordinated manner, to viral level of customer loyalty ladder. Whether in full-fat
and semi-skimmed innovations, the implication is that customer satisfaction is a value-chain and systems activity built on trust, mutuality, promise, shared values, and commitment, whereby each subsystem interacts mutually with
others to maintain the wholes of customer satisfaction and profitability.


This paper reports on the early stages of a qualitative research project jointly supervised by Northern Women's Community Health Centre and the Univerity of Adelaide. The study uses a feminist framework to focus on the extent of motherblaming in various types of abuse, identifying motherblaming as a strategy rather than a by-product of abuse, and examining how systems and professionals have perpetuated this phenomenon. The project stemmed from the experiences of women attending the Centre, and the lack of acknowledgement of their experiences in mainstream practice. The research method includes semi-structured interviews with a small number of mothers and survivors of abuse, and this report uses material derived from these interviews to identify the tactics and effects of motherblaming. Suggestions are made for the development of programs and practice models that will address women's and children's needs in these situations.


The thermal expansion of CeO2 and rare-earth-doped ceria (Ce0.8R0.2O1.9, R: Yb, Y, Gd, Sm, Nd and La) was measured in the temperature range from 298 to 1473 K. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) were determined by differentiating the thermal expansion expressed by a polynominal equation of temperature with respect to temperature. The CTE (α1) for Ce0.8R0.2O1.9 was in the range from 10×10-6 to 14×10-6K-1 and increased nonlinearly with increasing temperature. This result was explained by the asymmetric curve of potential energy based on the lattice energy theory. The kinds of dopant gave small effect on the α1 of rare-earth-doped ceria. On the other hand, the average CTE for CeO2 and rare-earth-doped ceria (12.0-12.5×10-6K-1), determined from a linear approximation of thermal expansion with respect to temperature at 298-1273 K, was lower than the α1 and close to the previously reported values.


During the past decade dramatic progress has been made in calculating the binding energies of molecules. This is the result of two advances reported in 1989:  an accurate method for solving the electronic Schrodinger equation that is applicable to a broad range of moleculesthe CCSD(T) methodand families of basis sets that systematically converge to the complete basis set limitthe correlation consistent basis sets. The former provides unprecedented accuracy for the prediction of a broad range of molecular properties, including molecular binding energies. The latter provides a means to systematically approach the complete basis set limit, i.e., the exact solutions of approximations to the Schrodinger equation. These two advances combined with a thorough analysis of the errors involved in electronic structure calculations lead to clear guidelines for ab initio calculations of binding energies, ranging from the strong bonds derived from chemical interactions to the extremely weak binding due to dispersion int...


Elucidating physicochemical processes in the degradation of pollutants may optimize their removal from water sources. Although the photodegradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) has been widely studied, there is no detailed report on the elementary steps of the kinetics. This study proposes a set of elementary steps for the AOP of CBZ, combining short-wave ultraviolet radiation (UVC), a homogeneous reagent (H2O2), and a heterogeneous catalyst (TiO2), which includes the excitation of both reagents/catalysts by UVC photons, the adsorption of CBZ by the excited TiO2, or its oxidation by hydroxyl radicals. Assuming the steady-state approximation on the intermediate products (excited TiO2, CBZ-excited TiO2 complex, and hydroxyl radicals) leads to rate laws for the degradation of CBZ, in which UVC radiation, TiO2, and H2O2 are pseudo-first-order at all concentrations or intensities and have no direct influence on CBZ pseudo-order, whereas CBZ shifts from pseudo-first-order at low concentrations to pseudo-zero-order at high concentrations. Several experiments to test the mechanism were conducted by varying CBZ, H2O2, and TiO2 concentrations and UVC radiation intensities. The measured results indeed fit the suggested mechanism for the first three, but the irradiation intensity appears to shift the CBZ influence from pseudo-second- to pseudo-first-order with increased intensities. Part of the elementary steps were changed to fit the results.


This paper presents a platform for engaging in global health challenges, captured in the form of an OpenAI Gym styled environment. This platform has been used in three competitive challenges in 2019, and exposes a novel application domain for RL practitioners, along with the potential for significant social and scientific impact. While the platform has been demonstrated with problem formulations in global health, it is principally designed to facilitate general learning from simulation in a more abstract manner.


Importance of the topic is stipulated with the current significant spread of infectious diseases of the urogenital tract, caused by the representatives of the protozoa genus Trichomonas . Aim. Evaluate the prevalence and peculiarities of contemporary trichomonas infection ( Trichomonas vaginalis, Pentatrichomonas hominis, Trichomonas tenax ), with the consideration of the associated bacterial infections that cause the urogenital pathology and the ultrastructural peculiarities of Trichomonas vaginalis morphotypes in the patients with chronic infectious diseases of the genitourinary organs. Material and methods. The research was carried out among 377 patients with chronic infectious diseases of the genitourinary organs. Routine bacterioscopic and bacteriological methods were applied. In addition, Trichomonas tenax and Pentatrichomonas hominis were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction and applying original experimental primers. The ultrastructure of the trichomonads was studied using a PEM-125K electron microscope equipped with the SAI-01A (SELMI) system, using a CCD camera DX 2 and KAPPA software package. Results. Trichomonas vaginalis was detected in 48.3 % using the methods of optical microscopy and culture media inoculation. Trichomonas tenax was detected in 18.2 % and Pentatrichomonas hominis was detected in 67.1 % with the polymerase chain reaction. Development of the pathological process in the urogenital system of the studied patients (up to 90 %) was caused with the microbial associations, in particular, with Ureaplasma urealyticum (26.1 %), Chlamydia trachomatis (16.7 %), Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium (13.9 %) and various kinds of opportunistic pathogenic microflora (up to 60 %), which lead to dysbiosis of urogenital system. It was proved that the oval morphotype Trichomonas vaginalis may be referred to the virulent forms; it was detected more often (68 %) than the piriform morphotype. Conclusions. Possible presence of trichomonads of three species: Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas tenax, Pentatrichomonas hominis , in particular in pathological microbial associations, as important factors of the emergence and / or development of the pathological process, was established in the human genitourinary system. It is reasonable to refer the oval morphotype Trichomonas vaginalis to the virulent forms of this agent.


Runoff samples were collected and analyzed from Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton and non-Bt
cotton fields for insecticides from 1996 through 1999. The insecticide analyses included pyrethroid
and organophosphate insecticides based on the popularity and use throughout the Mississippi Delta in
cotton-producing areas. The purpose of this paper was to present and compare the insecticide
concentration data for runoff samples from the Bt-cotton fields to that from non-Bt cotton fields within the
Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation project. The use of the genetically engineered Bt
cotton plant to produce its own pesticide reduced the volume of pyrethroid insecticides sprayed into the
environment at the Beasley Lake Watershed in Mississippi. The reduced application dates and pyrethroid
types on the Bt cotton sites as compared to the multiple applications of mutiple pyrethroid insecticides on
the non-Bt cotton sites to control the tobacco budworm and bollworm resulted in some reduction of
pesticides released into the environment. Even though the non-Bt cotton sites resulted in little to no
detects of the pyrethroid insecticides, the Bt cotton site had even lower concentrations in the runoff.
Insignificant detects were found with the organophosphate insecticides for boll weevil control from either
Bt or non-Bt cotton sites. No detrimental environmental effect from the pyrethroid and organophosphate
insecticides was found from water samples of runoff from all tested sites within the watersheds of this
study.


All introductory economics textbooks proffer essentially the same definition of economics. "Economics is the study of the allocation of scarce resources…" (Worstall, 2015; Yuille, 2015). The methods and fora for allocating limited or scarce resources are determined and constrained by the legal structure of society (Banner, 2011).

The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") exploits this basic definition of economics in its "Conceptual Framework," the stated purpose of which is to provide guidance for developing accounting standards: "…the Statements [of Financial Accounting Concepts]…will guide the Board in developing accounting and reporting standards by providing the Board with a common foundation …Concepts Statements describe concepts that will underlie guidance on future financial accounting practices and in due course will serve as a basis for evaluating existing guidance and practices" (FASB, 2018).

Whether lauded or criticized the FASB Conceptual Framework is treated as legitimate. It is not. This paper challenges the legitimacy of the FASB Conceptual Framework as a "coherent system of interrelated objectives and fundamental concepts." Far from being a "coherent system," the FASB Conceptual Framework is neither coherent nor a system. I argue that the FASB's Conceptual Framework is illogical and based on autocratic declarations, faulty assumptions, fallacious conclusions, contradictory assertions, internal inconsistencies, erroneous identification of resources, ignorance of securities laws, and circularity of reasoning and therefore cannot be used as guidance in developing standards of accounting, or provide structure or direction to financial accounting and reporting. To paraphrase an old fable, the FASB Conceptual Framework has no clothes.


Scholars of transformational leadership and leader-member exchange (LMX) have argued that leaders are able to positively influence the job attitudes and behaviors of followers by different means. W...


Abstract Process recording has been used in social work field education for many years. The traditional format for a process recording is a written verbatim report of the transaction between worker and client. This article argues that it may be useful to reconceptualize process recording as a continuum of techniques. The proposed continuum is outlined, strengths and weaknesses of the various methods are described, suggestions are made for incorporating a range of techniques into an enhanced learning experience for social work students, a model for training field instructors in these methods is described, and the article concludes with a recommendation for ongoing renewal of teaching methodologies.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical activity and dietary habit on the prevalence of obesity in male college students. The subjects of this study were composed of 156 male college students. As study method, WHR, BMI, physical activity and dietary habit were measured. The data of the measured variables were expressed as mean±standard deviations, and Logistic regression were used to analyze results at a statistical significance of α=.05. Results of this study are as follow; In physical activity habit, the higher level of regular exercise and leisure time physical activity score significantly decreased the prevalence of obesity. In the case of dietary habit, the higher level of meal intake duration and instant food score also significantly decreased the prevalence of obesity. In conclusion, It is necessary to educate the systemic health and nutrition education in order to prevent obesity in male college students.


In this study, a system has been developed to evaluate the average residual wall thickness in the circumferential direction using an SH surface wave. The EMAT was made of a circulating electromagnetic induction coil and many permanent magnets arranged on the surface in the circumferential direction. A resonance method was also utilized to obtain a stronger received signal. The shape of the receiver was designated so as not to detect the guide wave propagating in the axis direction. Finally, it was confirmed that the change in the wall thickness of about 20% can be detected.


Soil moisture is a key element in the global hydrologic, energy and carbon cycle. Knowledge about the location specific sensitivity of radar backscatter can be used for operational determination of relative soil moisture over large regions. This approach has been developed for C-Band scatterometer and transferred to C-Band ScanSAR within the ESA Tiger Innovator project SHARE (ENVISAT ASAR WS/GM; www.ipf.tuwien.ac.at/radar/share). This method relies on a high number of acquisitions in order to get a realistic estimate of a dry and a wet reference value and thus sensitivity. The performance of L-Band SAR has not been tested so far for this approach. A first comparison of ENVISAT ASAR Wide Swath and ALOS PALSAR Fine Beam Mode data over the Duero Basin in Spain is presented in this paper.


This paper describes the St. Olaf College experience moving to a more interdisciplinary approach to student learning. The authors place this within the context of the three "P"s of higher education—people, place, and program. The key for transformation resided in focusing on the people and the place. In so doing, an interdisciplinary program emerged.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects and mechanism of metformin (Met) combined the interleukin-12 (IL-12) on inhibiting hepatoma HepG2 cell proliferation via in vitro and in vivo assays.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
MTT assay was used to detect inhibitory effects of Met, IL-12 alone or combination on HepG2 cells proliferation. Half inhibitory concentration (IC50) and combination index (CI) were also calculated. Anti-tumor effects of combination or monotherapy on the HepG2-bearing mice were investigated and protein expression levels of apoptosis, as well as the Akt/mTOR/STAT3 signaling pathway-related factors were detected by Western blot.

RESULTS
MTT results showed that the inhibitory effect of Met combined with IL-12 on HepG2 cell proliferation was significantly enhanced (both p<0.01) compared with monomer therapy group with a significant synergistic effect (CI<1). The apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells treated with Met combined with IL-12 were 88.12±7.15% and significantly higher than the others (all p<0.01). Moreover, combination treatment significantly suppressed hepatoma growth and increased the survival rate of HepG2-bearing mice without evident body weight loss. Western blot analysis showed that Met combined with IL-12 significantly increased the expression of autophagy-related marker proteins, downregulated the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-STAT3, upregulated the expression level of BAX in both HepG2 cells and tumor tissues.

CONCLUSIONS
Met combined with IL-12 exhibited a synergistic antitumor effect on hepatoma HepG2 cells, and the mechanism may be related to its common inhibition of Akt/mTOR/STAT3 signaling pathway and increase of autophagy in HepG2-bearing mice.


Artist-created animated characters can exhibit stylized, engaging behavior, but require considerable effort to construct, while interactive applications require numerous motions and variations to create a dynamic, believable character. This paper describes a method for generating some of these variations automatically: given a stream of poses, our method simulates plausible responses to physical disturbances and environmental variations. Our quasi-physical simulation accounts for the dynamics of the character and surrounding objects, but does not require the motion to be physically valid, making it suitable for both realistic and stylized, cartoony motions. It further does not require any preprocessing, allowing it to run as an online filter that transforms the output of any real-time animation system. Our prototype runs at 50 Hz, on bipeds and quadrupeds with over 50 degrees of freedom, and generates plausible variations for walking, running, hopping, crawling, rolling, cartwheeling, and other motions.


By following the rhyming pattern of John Keats, in this book, author has tried to write the things that came in mind either of mental health disorder or illusion, by attempting to specify multiple as well as sub-multiple personalities in terms of verses and alphabets, symbols, numbers, and arts. Author has memory problem of memory loss, that makes him so forgetful that it takes over six months to regain memory of certain thins or incidence. Thus by composing verses in an attempt to understand multiple memory systems, author has tried to write something.


Two new statistics are presented for analyzing test scores,applied to estimate the discrepancy between practical and ideal effects of teaching,and the discrepancy of score distribution to normal distribution,respectively.Three aspects of kernel techniques in developing the score-analysis-system are elaborated.


when the drug is stopped. The combination of captopril with large doses of loop diuretics in patients with impaired renal function can further raise serum concentrations of urea and creatinine. Hyperkalaemia is unusual but has been seen occasionally. One small double blind study found no evidence of a euphoriant effect of captopril'9; such trials might usefully be extended and refined. Some problems that had been expected with treatment with captopril have not materialised. For example, patients on long term dosage may attain very high circulating concentrations of angiotensin I and renin. Indeed, because renin substrate levels fall with captopril, measurements ofplasma renin activity will underestimate the rise of renin concentration,20 and increases in circulating renin may be a good deal higher than appeared from some of the early reports. So far, however, no adverse effects attributable to angiotensin I or renin have been identified. Furthermore-at least with captopril 150 mg three times daily-despite the very high resulting concentrations of renin and angiotensin I, no evidence has been found of any breakthrough of converting enzyme inhibition and consequent generation of angiotensin II or angiotensin III in the circulation.2' We believe that the introduction of orally active converting enzyme inhibitors has been a major advance in cardiovascular treatment. The past five years have seen a widening of their therapeutic range, but this has yet to be fully delineated. Problems associated with the use of these agents have been identified and substantially resolved. The next five years should see their potential exploited. G P HODSMAN Medical registrar J I S ROBERTSON Consultant physician MRC Blood Pressure Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow GIl 6NT


This paper proposes a reliable face recognition method. The method is based on a vector quantization (VQ) which constructs a codebook of size (16×36) in Discrete Cosine Transform domain for each subject. The codevectors of the codebook of a given subject are utilized as effective personal features. Experimental results show a recognition rate of 97% for 400 images of 40 persons (ten images per subject), which contain variation in lighting, pose, and expression, from the publicity available Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL) database.


Closer co-operation between eurozone members on tax policies might undermine the attempts of some European states to use tax competition as a method for attracting investment. Taking the case of Ireland and the Netherlands, Aidan Regan assesses the link between low corporate taxes and investment, arguing that the impact of tax cuts has largely been overstated. In some cases high tax rates might actually increase the potential for investment if the revenue is used to improve infrastructure, or produce a more educated workforce.


Today, we are witnessing the necessity to produce high quality fuels in our refineries. To meet the market needs, refining processes must be equipped with a satisfactory number of process analyzers, which is not always easy, because of their price. In the past ten years, there has been a significant number of software sensors present in the process industry. Their application is based on process model built from process data in order to continuously, on-line, predict physical and chemical properties or product content and improve process monitoring and control. In this paper, practical application of software sensor based on neural networks was explored on the actual case of sulfur content in the hydrodesulphurization unit product, LGO. The research results shall be applied in practice. I. Lukec, D. Lukec, D. Klaric Softverski analizator... goriva i maziva, 45, 6 : 353-368, 2006. 36


At present,mass disturbance incidents resulting from illegal fund-raising are increasing in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province,which not only seriously infringes the vital interests of the masses especially the disadvantaged groups and causes destabilizing factors,but also severely harms the social and economic order as well as our country's economic security.Preventing and striking crimes of illegal fund-raising and handling mass disturbance incidents resulting from illegal fund-raising are important measures of maintaining the vital interests of the masses,carrying out the Scientific Outlook on Development and constructing harmonious socialist society.Adhere to the correct leadership of the party committee and government,elaborate organization,careful arrangement,active respondence,and proper handling is an important issue for public security organs under the new historical conditions.


The invention provides a system and a method for quickly and accurately detecting inclusion in a casting blank, and belongs to the technical field of steel-making detection. The system comprises a phased array ultrasonoscope system, a scanning movement control system and a data processing system which are connected with one another sequentially to form an information channel of a loop. Compared with the traditional detection method, the method has the advantages that: the frequency of a probe of the ultrasonic phased array, which is used by the improved method, is 1 to 15MHz, and the resolution precision can totally meet the detection requirement. In the ultrasonic phased array detection, a three-dimensional view of B scanning, C scanning and D scanning are provided, and inclusion which cannot be recognized by C scanning and which are overlapped in the thickness direction of test samples; moreover, the probe of the ultrasonic phased array has a large wafer amount, and is high in scanning speed and low in time consumption. By the novel mannesmann inclusion detection by analyzing surfboards (MIDAS) method, the efficiency of detecting the inclusion in the casting blank is improved greatly, and the analysis precision is enhanced simultaneously.


Nowadays, FPGA-based Networked Control Systems (NCSs) are frequently used. Transient and permanent faults occur often as a result of radiation in industrial environments. Accordingly, Fault-Tolerant (FT) FPGA-based NCSs are desired. In this paper, an NCS model is proposed composing of In-Loop and S2A architectures linked via an Ethernet switch. This architecture is used in shape detection machines with vision sensing requirements. FT techniques are applied in the controller nodes of the system along with Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) for FPGA-based controller recovery. The reliability of the system due to changes in both the recovery rate and the conditional probability of failure occurrence (either transient or permanent), is presented in this paper. Accordingly, a Markov model is constructed for reliability calculations. A case study is used to illustrate the use of such a model to choose appropriate maintenance strategies as well as a quantitative measure for the ability of the FT techniques to increase system reliability.


Reality of seismic threat to Kaliningrad was confirmed by the earthquakes in 2004. The article briefly describes results of detailed seismic hazard assessment for the city area using a complex of geological-geophysical methods. Seismotectonic and seismological features of the region including the seismotectonic position of the Kaliningrad earthquakes occured in 2004 are considered. According to the obtained materials the source of these earthquakes was situated in the north-west of the Sambian peninsula and represented a seismogenerating volume at the depths of 7-11 km. A detailed map of seismic source zones for the considerated area was constructed. A predictive seismic hazard estimations in points of the MSK-64 scale with probabilities of exceedance of 10; 5; 1% during 50 years (6,3; 6,5; 6,8 points respectively) were obtained on the basis of this map and the seismic regime parameters.


[Objective] To study isolating lactic acid bacteria from traditional dairy products,and simply screening its fermentation performance.[Method] With 10 traditional indigenous dairy products as samples,lactic acid bacteria with superior fermentation properties were isolated,identified,the acid production was also studied.[Result] There are 55 lactic acid bacteria in the samples,among which,total of 27 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified into three genera Lactobacillus(13 isolates),Lactococcus(2 isolatees) and Enterococcus(8 isolates).After identification,3 isolates were selected and mixed.Potential of these isolates for lactic acid production were also observed at 37 ℃ and 42 ℃ for 9hrs with one hour intervals.There were generally trend that acid production at 37 ℃ were faster than 42 ℃.Mixed isolates were slow at acid production,but they could ferment yoghurt with better taste.[Conclusion] The study could provide reference for selecting superior wild bacteria.


To study Hadis, authenticity, validity, and reliability of the method are very fundamental dimension. The doubt of some of the Muslim scholars on the role of Hadis as second aurthorized source after Qur"an were not fully related to their resistances to Sunnah, but more on the doubt to the accuracy of method which is used to decide the originality of Hadis. The study on the authetification of Hadis which is done by Harald Moztki started from the data analysis on the book of al-Musannaf written by Abdurrazzaq As-Shan"ani. According to Moztki, the book of al-Musannaf is documentation of Hadis which is very authentic since 1st Century of Hijriyah. It meant there was real evidence that Islamic Lawa has exis at the time. This finding directly brought down Moztki predecessor, G.H.A. Juynboll J. and projecting back of Schacht that stated that Sanad"s system started from the 2nd century of Hiriyah.


The outstanding production of sulfur dioxide at arc volcanoes is not satisfactorily explained by most of the geochemical models involving the magmatic redox conditions. It is commonly accepted that sulfur is transported mainly as sulfide (SII−) and/or sulfate (SVI) by mantle‐derived melts, before being released as SO2 and/or H2S in volcanic emissions. We present the first experimental evidence that other S‐species coexist in water‐rich arc basalts, by using X‐ray microspectroscopy of olivine‐hosted melt inclusions. In particular, we propose a new model involving sulfite (SIV) as the intermediate species dissolved in basaltic melts which results in highly efficient partitioning of sulfur into volcanic gas emissions at the origin of excess sulphur degassing observed at arc basaltic volcanoes.


Transillumination is used in dermatology in the examination of the breast, in the examination of the skull of infants, for superficial soft tissue tumors, and for large foreign bodies. In addition, transillumination can provide a technique of examination of the nails. This technique is possible without removal of the covering nail polish. This is appreciated by many woman patients. The nail lesions for which transillumination is especially effective include varying degrees of nail plate markings, onycholysis, subungual thickening, and leukonychia. Transillumination, then, helps in following the course of nail changes especially in psoriasis and in onychomycosis. In a dark room, a single, narrow, strong beam of light is used underneath the flexor pad of the fingertip. The blackish lines of nail plate pits, separations of nail plate, and thicknesses are seen and differentiated readily from the diffuse homogenous reddish glow of the normal nail plate.


Prediction of bubble dynamics in turbulent seawater is of practical importance for the engineering analysis of naval systems. In ships, the air bubbles entrained by boundary layers and stern waves form an elongated wake that lasts for several kilometers downstream (Trevorrow et al. 1994; Fu et al. 2007; Stanic et al. 2009). Though the bubbles are tiny, with diameters of order 1 mm or less, they exhibit strong acoustic responses and hence the bubbly wake can be detected acoustically, which reveals the presence and position of the ship (Figure 1). The predictive modeling of bubble distributions in wakes, along with their acoustic response, has remained elusive and mostly confined to Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) analyses because of the multiscale nature of the problem and the computational challenges associated with scalability and performance (Carrica et al. 1999; Culver & Trujillo 2007). Hence, the focus of the current study is to develop a conservative numerical method that enables accurate treatment of the interaction of acoustics with gas-liquid interfaces (single and multiple bubbles) in compressible turbulent flow environments. This aids in investigating the current limitations and in developments of subgrid-scale models based on the Rayleigh-Plesset or Keller-Miksis equations used in RANS and large eddy simulations (LES). Apart from bubble acoustics, applications of compressible two-phase flows also include supercritical flow regimes in high-pressure environments and liquid fuel injection systems. In compressible flows, thermodynamics plays an important role and adds one more level of difficulty to an already complex problem of two-phase flows, by imposing an additional requirement that the model should maintain thermodynamic consistency at the interface. Moreover, the numerical study of turbulent flows and acoustics requires stable, non-dissipative, and conservative numerical methods. To the best of our knowledge, the state-of-the-art techniques to simulate compressible two-phase flows lack many of these features. With this motivation, we have developed a diffuse-interface five-equation model for the simulation of two immiscible compressible fluids that (a) can be solved using non-dissipative numerical methods (lowand high-order central-difference schemes), (b) discretely conserves mass of each phase, total momentum, and total energy in the system, (c) maintains mechanical equilibrium and thermodynamic equilibrium across the interface, and (d) maintains a steady interface thickness throughout the simulation.


Objective To discuss the feasibility of applying self-pulmonary tissue flap(PTF) with internal alloy stent(AS) to reconstruct esophagus.Methods Twelve adult dogs were used in this study.A 4 cm long and 1/2~2/3 circled esophageal wall defect was created in each dog,and alloy stent was put into the esophagus wall,then the defect was patched by pulmonary tissue flap.Barium meal fluoroscopy and histological observation were performed to evaluate the esophageal mucous migration and epithelium regeneration.Results The stratified epithelia of esophagus connected tightly with the pulmonary tissues.No regeneration of the glands or smooth muscles was noticed 18 weeks after the surgery.Conclusion Pulmonary tissue with internal alloy stent provides a new method of esophagus replacement.Long-term effect of this method needs to be further explored.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of social fund accounting at the accountability village meeting (MDPT) in the BUMDes of Lancang Kuning, Rumbai Jaya Village. The technique is carried out using descriptive qualitative data obtained by case studies obtained by researchers. In general, the accounting applied by BUMDes is very good, for statements of financial position, activity reports, cash flow reports, and notes on financial statements in PSAK 45, there is already a separator in BUMDes.
Keywords: PSAK 45, Social Funds, BUMDes.


With the development of mobile communication and multimedia communication,the multimedia service built on the wireless network has been accepted by more and more users. The typical bandwidth of 2.5 G CDMA mobile communication is 30~50 kb/s,which could transmit low-speed video signal,and however,for the multimedia application,its quality has not reached the requirements yet. Under the present technical condition,how to guarantee the quality of video flow in CDMA wireless channel and how to expand the bandwidth and raise the video quality are well worth studying. This paper proposes a framework for the transmission of video signal in multiple CDMA channel. By binding up multiple CDMA wireless channels,the frame rate and resolution of the video signal is thus enhanced.


The knowledge of the physiopathology and treatment of congestive cardiac failure is necessary for cardiovascular or primary/community care nurses to be able to identify potential complications in acuteand chronic-care patients. Furthermore, clinicians caring for children with congestive heart failure have additional considerations because of (a) the different characteristics, etiology, and adaptive responses to congestive heart failure and (b) the developmental changes in physiology, which influence pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. "-Blockers, or "-adrenergic blocking agents, work by blocking the effect of the hormone epinephrine, resulting in the heart beating slowly and with less force and the blood vessels opening up to improve blood flow. Although "-blockers therapy has been successfully proven in adults with congestive cardiac failure, and carvedilol has been shown to decrease neurohormonal activation in children, it is necessary to specifically evaluate clinical and adverse effects of "-blockers in pediatric patients.


Recently, broadband analog network coding (ANC) was introduced to utilize high-data rate transmission over the wireless - frequency selective fading - channel. However, ANC requires the knowledge of channel state information (CSI) for self-information removal and coherent signal detection. In this paper, we propose a two-slot pilot-assisted CE for bi-directional broadband ANC. In the first slot, two users transmit their respective pilots to the relay, where the users' pilot signals are designed to avoid the interference and consequently, allow the relay to estimate the CSIs from both users. During the second slot the relay broadcast its pilot signal to both users that estimate the corresponding CSIs. It was shown by computer simulation that, even with imperfect CSI, the BER performance of broadband ANC gives a satisfactory performance for a low and moderate mobile terminal speed in a frequency-selective fading channel.


CIGARETTE SMOKING AS A PREVENTABLE CAUSE OF DISEASE Tobacco smoking is the inhalation of smoke from burned dried or cured leaves of the tobacco plant, most often in the form of a cigarette. Cigarette smoke contains a toxic collection of more than 4000 chemicals including nicotine, which combined give rise to addictive stimulant and euphoriant properties. According to the World health Organization, about onethird of the world's male population smokes tobacco and cigarette smoking (CS) killed 100 million people worldwide in the 20th century. Therefore, CS is considered a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. 2 There are three main clinical consequences of prolonged exposure to CS. First, it causes several chronic respiratory ailments, including chronic bronchitis, emphysema and lung fibrosis, and is associated with an increase in respiratory infections. Second, it is associated with an increased incidence of a variety of cancers including lung, oral, oesophagus, pancreas and colon. And third, CS increases the risk of atherothrombotic clinical events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The risk of death in these patients increases with increasing exposure to cigarette smoke, measured by the number of cigarettes smoked daily, the duration of smoking, the degree of inhalation and the age of initiation. In addition, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in non-smokers is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and asthma. 7 There is convincing evidence that smoking cessation has beneficial effects, even after a cardiovascular event. In the last decade, health authorities have made a considerable effort to promote smoking cessation. Although the prevalence of smoking has declined over the last few decades in developed countries, it is rapidly increasing in developing countries, with an emerging epidemic of tobacco-related diseases. Hepatologists have traditionally paid scant attention to the deleterious effects of CS. This reflects the fact that smoking per se does not appear to cause liver injury and therefore is not considered a causative agent for chronic liver diseases. However, there is increasing evidence that CS may negatively impact the incidence, severity and clinical course of many types of chronic liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This article reviews our current knowledge on the deleterious effects of CS on the liver and discusses the need to ban smoking among patients with chronic liver diseases.


The objective of the study is to detect the effects of azithromycin on apoptosis and cell cycle of liver cells and NO level of sera in rats infected with Toxoplasma. 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: infected group,treated group and control group with 10 rats for each group. The infected group rats were ip. Injected by 2×10~5/mL KS live Toxoplasma tachyzoites 2 mL. Treated group rats were treated by 200 mg/kg of azithromycin for 7 d after second with injection.Control group rats were ip. Injected with 0.9% NaCl_2 mL. After nine weeks, all of the rats were killed to obtain liver cells. The liver cell's apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytomety (FCM), while the level of NO in sera were detected by means of nitric acid reducase. The results showed: apoptois rate of liver cells in the infection group(10.30±2.62)% was obviously higher than that in control group(9.23±3.03)%( P 0.05). The apoptosis rate of liver cells in treatment group(9.73±3.73)% was remarkably lower than that in the infection group( P 0.05). The apoptosis rate in the treatment and the control group showed no significant difference. The S cycle of liver cell cycle in infected group was significantly less than that in treated group ( P 0.05), but the G1 stage proportion in infected group was significantly higher than that in treated group.The cell cycle in the treatment and the control group was no significant difference( P 0.05). The concentration of NO in sera were (103.26±37.14) μmol/L,((85.92)±42.13) μmol/L,and (81.03±21.46) μmol/L in infected group,treated group and control group,respectively.The level of NO in the infection group and treatment group were higher than that in the control group( P 0.05), but that in the treatment group was lower than that in the infection group respectively ( P 0.05).


This paper deals with the distribution, ecology and phytosÒciology ofMoehringia tommasinii March., a stenoendemic species that occurs at the border between Italy and Yugoslavia, near Trieste. A new phytocoenosis ofthe submediterranean limestone rocks in the North-Adriatic area is described: Asplenio-Moehringietum tommasinii (Centaureo-Campanulion), which is characterized by Asplenium lepidum and Moehringia tommasinii. Historical Introduction "Hence I don't believe it inappropriate to consider our Moehringia as a good species, adorning it with the name of my revered, unforgettable teacher Muzio de Tommasini, who cim, with reason,call himself the Father of our Flora". This is how Carlo Marchesetti (1880a), with the affectionate devotion of the favourite pupil towards his Men tor, who had died shortly before, entrusted M�ehringia tommasinii to botany, associating, maybe unknowingly, but with a happy combination, the names of the Fathers founders of Trieste 's Flora to a very noble vegetable stock (1). In reality, Tommasini had already collected the plant in 1843 on the cliffs overhanging S. Sergio/Cernikal (TSM!) attributing it in a first time toM. muscosaL. var. firma Tomm., successively to M. ponae Fenzl, a name with which it even appears in Loser (1860) and finally, since 1864, to M. glaucouirens Bertol. (Tommasini, in sched., TSM!; Tommasini, 1865). Even different and more articulate were Freyn's conclusions (1876) who, through a meticulous analysis of the samples sent him by Tommasini, and supported by acute considerations on the tendency of the genus to segregate punctiformal endemisms, thought them belonging to a not yet described species;


The book dispels the stereotypical view of Africans living in simple, primitive, look-alike agglomerations, scattered about without any appreciation for planning and design.


We discuss issues which enter into the design of an adaptive optics and laser guide star system for large astronomical telescopes, using the 10-meter W.M. Keck Telescope on Mauna Kea as an example.


In this article, the author traces his memory of and identification with Diane Arbus's photograph "Child With a Toy Hand Grenade, in Central Park, NYC" (Arbus, 2003, pp. 104–105) to his concept of Arbus as the last great humanist in contemporary art. He then connects Diane Arbus to another of his artistic humanist/heroes, Casanova. For the author, Arbus and Casanova are each registers of a need to experience humanity intensely, at the expense of the safety of their selves.


I've just returned from Beloit, Wisconsin, where I spent a problem-filled week. It was wonderful! The source of my problems was BioQUEST, a project for the improvement of undergraduate biology education. BioQUEST's aim is to promote a research approach to learning, to foster an understanding of how biologists perceive the world. To accomplish this, the developers of BioQUEST, including John Jungck (Beloit College) who hosted the workshop, are focusing on what they call the "3 P's"-problem posing, problem solving and persuasion (Peterson & Jungck 1988). The BioQUEST project has been going on for several years with development of software to give students experience with the 3 P's. The workshop I attended brought together 20 biologists to work on curriculum in areas where BioQUEST was thought to be weak: botany, cell physiology, developmental biology and noncomputer applications. I have rarely had such an enjoyable week, and I have never had such a rewarding professional experience. To talk about biology morning, noon and night for eight days was terrific. The organizers, along with John Jungck, were Jim Stewart and Patti Soderberg of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The three of them did a great job of bringing together a wonderful


Algorithms for the numerical solution of discretized optimal control problems are already used successfully in many areas of application, e.g. robotics, aerospace engineering, chemistry, or automotive industry. However, to improve the industrial applicability in case of perturbations, strategies for realtime solutions are necessary. We state the following perturbed optimal control problem depending on a parameter p ∈ Rp: min x,u,tf Ψ(x(tf ), p) + tf ∫ 0 f0(x(t), u(t), p, t) dt s.t. ẋ(t) = f(x(t), u(t), p, t), t ∈ [0; tf ] ω(x(0), x(tf), p) = 0 g(x(t), u(t), p) ≤ 0, t ∈ [0; tf ] For a fixed parameter p = p0 this problem can be interpreted as unperturbed. To solve it, a direct method replaces the infinite dimensional function space of state variables x : [0; tf ] → R n and control variables u : [0; tf ] → R m by the finite dimensional space of real numbers. Hence only xi ≈ x(ti), ui ≈ u(ti) are considered for discrete time points 0 = t1 < t2 < . . . < tl = tf . By applying integration schemes like the Trapezoidal Method or Hermite Simpson, our transcription method TransWORHP reformulates an optimal


The possible occurrence of DIC in active systemic anaphylaxis was investigated in mice. Induction of active systemic anaphylaxis resulted in the development of DIC symptoms such as thrombo‐cytopenia, prolongation of prothrombin time, hypofibrinogaemia, and elevated level of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products. In addition, in histological examinations, massive congestion and cellular infiltration in pulmonary interstitia, and considerable haemorrhage in renal medullae were observed. All these changes were nearly completely prevented by pretreatment with platelet‐activating factor (PAF) antagonist (BN 50739). Moreover, the same haematological and morphological changes were produced by a bolus injection of PAF. These data strongly suggest that DIC occurs in active systemic anaphylaxis and PAF plays a pivotal role in the development of DIC in anaphylaxis.