One of the main replicative enzymes in most eukaryotes, DNA polymerase ε (POLE), is composed of four subunits, namely a single catalytic and three regulatory subunits. In Arabidopsis, the catalytic subunit of POLE is encoded by two genes: Arabidopsis thaliana DNA POLYMERASE EPSILON CATALYTIC SUBUNIT A (AtPOL2A) and B (AtPOL2B). Although studies have shown AtPOL2A to be involved in various biological processes, the role of AtPOL2B is unclear. Here, we investigated the transcriptomes of both atpol2a and atpol2b mutants, and the promoter sequences to provide a better insight into the targets of AtPOL2s at the molecular level. In the present study, leaf cDNA libraries of four AtPOL2 mutants (atpol2a-1 and atpol2b-1, -2 and - 3) were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Analysis of gene expression profiles identified a total of 198, 76, 141 and 67 differentially expressed genes in atpol2a-1, atpol2b-1, atpol2b-2 and atpol2b-3, respectively; the majority of pericentromeric transposable elements were transcriptionally active in atpol2a-1 as compared to atpol2b mutants and wild type. Protein-protein interaction network analysis and molecular docking identified three (CER1, RPA1E and AT5G60250) and two (PR1 and AT5G48490) proteins as potential interactors (cluster size > 60 and balanced score < -900) of AtPOL2A and AtPOL2B, respectively; Interestingly, these five proteins also showed a significant interaction between POLE catalytic subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our in silico promoter analysis showed that the AtPOL2A promoter sequence is overrepresented with cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) associate with cell cycle regulation, meristematic/reproductive tissue-specific pattern of expression and MYB protein recognition, whereas the AtPOL2B promoter sequence was mainly enriched with stress-responsive elements. The information provided here has led to the identification of targets of AtPOL2s at the molecular level and CREs putatively associated with the regulation of AtPOL2s. To our knowledge, this study provides the first comparative transcriptome profiling of single-gene mutants of AtPOL2s.


A 35‐year‐old woman with severe cystic fibrosis was admitted for sudden loss of strength in both legs, revealing a myelitis. The medullary lesion biopsy revealed phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora species. Myelitis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana is a rare disease associated with high mortality.


To avoid conflict between algorithmic efficiency and recognition effectiveness in face recognition, this paper proposes a zero-norm sparse coding algorithm.The algorithm uses zero-norm to describe sparsity of a sparse coding model and applies a strategy of continuous extension of discontinuity points to speed convergence.A test based on the ORL database show that the algorithm is more efficient in adjusting sparsity so that the computation time is reduced,and gives higher recognition rate as compared with the methods of nonnegative sparse coding and non-negative matrix factorization with sparseness constraints.


The flotillin-1/2 heterocomplex seems to be a potential autoantigen in a subset of approximately 1–2% of multiple sclerosis patients. Rarely, humoral central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity against neural surface-associated proteins has been linked to underlying latent hematological malignancies. Herein, we present a case of inflammatory CNS disease with flotillin autoantibodies in the context of a marginal zone lymphoma. In March 2016, a 44-year-old woman of Caucasian origin developed severe fatigue and diplopia on the left eye within days. Neurological examination showed an abducens nerve palsy on the left side (Video S1). Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed subependymal hyperintense lesions of the lateral ventricles (Fig. 1a,b) and a hyperintense lesion anterolateral left in the medulla oblongata on T2-weighted images with partial contrast enhancement after administration of gadolinium (Fig. 1c,d). Spinal cord MRI was unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations showed a mild, lymphocytic pleocytosis (12 cells/lL), intrathecal immunoglobulin G synthesis shown in a Reiber diagram, and CSF-specific oligoclonal bands, normal CSF glucose and protein level (mg/L). Angiotensinconverting enzyme and the soluble interleukin-2 receptor were normal in serum and CSF. There was no evidence for infectious disease of the CNS and antibody indices of Herpes simplex virus-, Varicella zoster virus-, cytomegalovirus-, measles-, rubella-, lues-immunoglobulin G, Borrelia-immunoglobulin M and Borrelia-immunoglobulin G were within normal limits. Visual and somatosensory evoked potentials remained unremarkable. The patient's family and past medical history were unremarkable. The presumed diagnosis of inflammatory autoimmune disease of the CNS, including clinically isolated syndrome as well as neurosarcoidosis, was considered. High-dose glucocorticoid therapy (3 9 1 g/day and 5 9 1 g/day within 2 weeks) followed by oral taper partially improved symptoms with residual diplopia. Further work-up yielded nodules in the left lower pulmonal lobe on thorax computed tomography without evidence of general lymphadenopathy. Histopathological examination after biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of an extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) type. Subsequent bone marrow biopsy showed no lymphoma involvement. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin-4 antibodies were negative, but high-titer antibodies against flotillin-1/2 were detected in the patient's sera without evidence of intrathecal synthesis. Consecutive plasmapheresis led to a complete clinical remission of the abducens nerve palsy (Video S2). The anti-flotillin-1/2 titer decreased marginally for a short period of time. MRI on follow up showed a regression of gadolinium enhancement of the brainstem lesion (Fig. 1e, f). With regard to the extranodal lymphoma, therapy with the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, rituximab, was initiated and continued with sustained CD19/CD20 B-cell depletion. The patient has remained clinically stable so far, with no new lesions on subsequent MRI (follow up of 24 months). The size and expansion of the tumor remained unchanged on follow-up thorax computed tomography scans, while anti-flotillin-1/2 antibodies replenished to the initial titer on subsequent blood samples (Fig. 1g). Anti-flotillin-1/2 antibodies, as identified by indirect immunofluorescence assay, were recently found in a subgroup of patients with the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Flotillin-1/reggie-2 and flotillin-2/ reggie-1 are evolutionary, well-conserved and ubiquitously expressed proteins, thus showing the highest abundance in striated muscle, brain, adipose and lung tissue. They are functionally relevant in various cellular processes including T-cell activation, remyelination, membrane trafficking, phagocytosis, cell proliferation and transformation. Here, we report anti-flotillin-1/2 antibodies in a patient with marginal zone lymphoma who developed an inflammatory CNS disease, suggesting paraneoplastic CNS autoimmunity. The marginal zone lymphoma, a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is a subtype of indolent lymphoma, which progress slowly. Altogether, 3–10% of all B-cell or plasma-cell neoplasms occur as paraneoplastic syndrome. The detection of Tr and mGluR1 auto-antibodies in Hodgkin lymphomas has previously been linked to the occurrence of paraneoplastic syndromes. The possible accessibility of flotillin-1/2 to circulating antibodies, and the complete and sustained


Abstract : A bearing system using a compliant surface may be so constructed that the lubricant pressure distribution is either stationary or in motion relative to the elastomer. In the latter case the motion of the deformation in the elastomer introduces viscoelastic effects which can be important at conventional bearing velocities. The report is concerned with the assessment of these effects. Steady state operating conditions are computed and analytical techniques presented for the infinite width slide and infinite length journal bearing. (Author)


– Land use and superficial runoff in the lower catchment basin of the Uz river (period 1990-2012). The Uz River catchment is situated in the east of Romania; it is a component of the catchment basin of Trotus. In the lower sector of the Uz catchment basin, the risk of flash floods is accentuated by the physical and geographical conditions favouring the occurrence of extreme phenomena. The present research was conducted using specific indices, GIS techniques, etc, which enabled the delimitation of areas prone to floods. Land use, the physical-geographical and socioeconomic factors (lithology, slope, soil texture, profile curve, and land use) were integrated and processed in GIS. Land use was extracted from Corine Land Cover for the years 1990 and 2012. The changes in land use were highlighted through the application and spatial modelling of binary change index and of the Markov model. Each factor was ascribed bonitation grades by their degree of contribution to the rapid runoff from the slope. The values obtained for the flash flood potential index ranged between 1.56 and 4.71 during the period 1990-2012. The most important changes of the flash flood potential index value were found for the left slope of the Uz River valley, in the area of the localities of Salatruc and Darmanesti. Land use change, even at small scale, has increased hydrological risk phenomena because the minor riverbed was modified and a part of the floodplain forest was eliminated.


The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the 2008 financial crisis on the functional income distribution in Turkey by conducting a comparative analysis of various labor share measures using different data sources. Four different labor share measures in the total market income were calculated using micro data from the 2006 -2011 Income and Living Conditions Survey of Turkey. The results of microdata calculations indicated a substantial and permanent increase during the crisis due to the labor hoarding in the labor market, leading to an increase in skilled employees' labor income share at the expense of unskilled employees' labor income share. The results obtained from aggregate data-based labor share calculations with two different measures were relatively smaller than micro data-based labor shares, due to the large share of informal employment in Turkey. Further, the labor shares obtained from aggregate data decreased during the 2008 financial crisis, in contrast to the labor shares from micro data.


Dissipation of monocrotophos and quinalphos on brinjal fruits was studied following appllcation @ 500 ann d1000 gi ha−1. Initial deposits of monocrotophos were 1.93 and 2.59 mg kg−1 on brinjal fruits, which dissipated to below detectable level and 0.24 mg kg−1 in 4 days, respectively. In the case of quinalphos, initial deposits of 0.76 and 1.05 mg kg-1 at lower and higher dosages, respectively, dissipated to extent of 81–86% on second day. A waiting perrod of 4 and 2 days for monocrotophos and quinalphos, respectively, has been suggested.


a 'F.1Írer Society.' She derives from this theory the hypotheses that compared with selective schools, comprehensive schools will 1) produce a greater development of talent, 2) provide greater equality of opportunity for those with equal talent, 3) give children wider occupational horizons, 4) broaden the social range of children's friendships and, 5) develop views of the class system as a flexible hierarchy rather than as a rigid dichotomy. She then successively shows how none of these hypotheses finds support from the empirical evidence presented.


Biography as a representation The article presents biography understood as a representation, using Frank Ankersmith's concept of "rendering justice" to the past, Philippe Lejeune's referential pact, and Michal Pawel Markowski's typology of four ideologies of representation. Biography as a representation refers to the very essence of the issue (representation) and textuality, therefore a dedicated subchapter is devoted to literary ways of creating the past. Finally, in paper's ending part, the issue of re-presenting as embodiment of the author in a symbolic frontier is brought forward, along with the problem of the relationship between the author and the reader.


Goal. To establish the multi-year dynamics of the number of the main pests of winter wheat and the indicator of entomological diversity of agricultural landscapes in the conditions of climate change in Ukraine.
Methods. Laboratory, statistical and analytical. The state of populations during 2005—2017 was studied using the example of an indicator group of species — the entomological complex of the main pests of winter wheat crops. As initial data, a long-term database of the number of populations of the entomocomplex in different natural and climatic zones, which is monitored by specialists of the phytosanitary safety department of the State Production and Consumer Service of Ukraine, was used for many years.
Results. According to the analysed data on the state of indicator populations during 2009—2017, the indicators of the population size and weighted LPI were constantly decreasing. The correlation between the size of an insect's population and the course of natural warming does not make it possible to unambiguously explain the state of populations by the effect of an increased amount of heat.
Conclusions. 1. The analysis of the long-term state of populations of a harmful entomocomplex of winter wheat as an indicator group shows that pests react differently to warming depending on the biology of the species and allows us to come to a conclusion about the gradual decrease in the number of insects in agricultural landscapes under conditions of climate warming in Ukraine. This finding is in good agreement with the literature on global depletion of invertebrate populations. 2. Under the conditions when most species of the harmful entomocomplex of winter wheat in different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine show depression against the background of global warming, planned chemical treatments against pests should be carried out only after careful phytosanitary monitoring of agrocenoses in order to clarify the degree of threat to the crop, which will help reduce pesticide load on the natural environment.


In this work, the problem of blind adaptive beamforming in the presence of steering-vector uncertainty is addressed within a Bayesian estimation framework. We express the single-input multiple-output (SIMO) observation model in the short-time-Fourier-transform (STFT) domain and employ a variational formulation to obtain iterative closed-form learning rules for inferring approximate posteriors on the steering vector and the target signal. By varying the a priori belief in the top-level statistical model, i.e., modeling a quantity as a random process or an unknown deterministic entity, it is shown that the considered framework yields a variety of beamforming algorithms including the celebrated minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer. We highlight these interconnections and show by means of simulation results that the Bayesian approach alleviates signal distortion in noisy and uncertain environments as compared to the conventional MVDR beamformer by adaptively learning and incorporating uncertainty pertaining to the steering vector.


The rapeseed-mustard group broadly includes, Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czernj. & Cosson), toria (B. rapa var. toria), yellow sarson (B. rapa var. yellow sarson), brown sarson (B. rapa var. brown sarson) and gobhi sarson (B. napus L.). Bakhetia and Sekhon (1989) documented about 40 insect-pests harboured on the rapeseed-mustard, where about half a dozen are serious threats to cultivation of these crops. Among various insects, aphid complex comprising mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), and green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) are serious pests and one of the important limiting factors in the production of rapeseedmustard. Climatic factors like temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and rainfall play vital role in multiplication and distribution of insect-pests. Predictive model for pest forecast is an important tool for effective integrated pest management strategy. Therefore, a good understanding of pest population dynamics is of vital importance for crop protection. Climatic factors play an important role on the aphid appearance, multiplication and disappearance (Vekaria and Patel, 2000). Keeping in view the importance of the crop and the damage caused by these species of aphids, the present investigations were initiated to study the population buildup of aphid complex i.e. L. erysimi, B. brassicae and M. persicae on rapeseed-mustard, and the population dynamics of associated natural enemies (Coccinellids, syrphids and a parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh) in relation to climatic factors under natural field conditions.


In this paper, the Continuous Motion NCTF controller (CM-NCTF) is proposed for a point-to-point (PTP) positioning system of a one mass rotary system. For this system, the CM-NCTF controller is designed based on the conventional structure of NCTF controller and improved. The CM-NCTF controller comprising of Nominal Characteristic Trajectory (NCT) and Proportional Integral (PI) compensator which designed without knowing exact system modeling and parameter evaluation. Since the design procedure of the controller is simple, the NCT is constructing from system open loop response experimentally while the PI compensator is design based on the system itself. The effectiveness of the CM-NCTF controller is evaluating through experiment for positioning and tracking control application. While, to evaluate the controller robustness, an experiment of system sensitivity towards disturbance is applied and discuss. The effect of positioning, tracking and robustness are compared with PID controller. The CM-NCTF controller not only has a good positioning and smoother tracking response but also have less sensitivity towards disturbance. It's proved that the CM-NCTF controller more accurate and robust than PID controller.


Abstract What accounts for the existence of positive energy taxes in the US, given that such taxes are regressive and that the income distribution is skewed to the right? The traditional majority-voting equilibrium approach suggests a subsidy; thus we also look at two alternatives. These are the probabilistic-voting model and Roemer's (2001) model of political competition with the "Party Unanimity Nash Equilibrium" (PUNE) as the equilibrium solution concept. Our economic model is calibrated on the basis of the US data. The paper shows that while the majority-voting approach calls for a massive subsidy, the PUNE approach leads to huge environmental taxes. Our tentative results suggest that the probabilistic model, wherein parties assume that the proportion of unbiased voters is the same in all categories of income, comes closest to explaining the observed US energy taxes.


- a softening device (4), in particular a softening device containing ion exchange resin (7) (4), - a conductivity sensor (9), - an electronic control device (13), - the second flow Conductivity How total hardness conductivity With the present invention, inexpensive, permanently reliable, control of water treatment systems, in particular to allow control of the playback and mixing. .FIELD 1


We determined the optical properties of a- and g-phase Ce in the photon energy range from 60 meV to 2.5 eV using ellipsometry and grazing incidence reflectometry. We observe significant changes of the optical conductivity, the dynamical scattering rate, and the effective mass between a- and g-cerium. The a-phase is characterized by a Fermi-liquid frequency-dependent scattering rate, and an effective mass of about 20me on an energy scale of about 0.2 eV. In g-Ce the charge carriers have a large scattering rate in the far infrared and a carrier mass characteristic of 5d band electrons. In addition, we observe a prominent absorption feature in a-Ce, which is absent in g-Ce. One of the most intriguing phenomenon of cerium is the isostructural phase transition between a low temperature a-phase and a high temperature g-phase, which ends in a solid-solid critical point, where the two phases are indistinguishable. The structure is fcc with one atom per unit cell. It has become clear that the proximity of the 4f level to the Fermi level is at the heart of these phenomena [1]. Recently the nature of the g-a phase transition has been questioned by Eliashberg and Capellmann [2]. They argued that a second order phase transition line continues beyond the tricritical point on the melting curve, implying that the symmetries of the two phases are different. The question is which symmetry breaking takes place through the phase transition. Crystallographically the two phases appear to be identical [3]. Alternatively a- and g-Ce may correspond to states of matter with the same crystallographic symmetries, but with a "hidden" electronic symmetry which is broken in the a-phase. This motivated us to embark on a series of spectroscopic experiments on the electronic structure [4] including the work presented here. Although we cannot argue on the basis of these experiments that a symmetry is broken, we do provide compelling evidence that the electronic structure of both phases is qualitatively different. Although an extensive literature exists on optical prop


Cucurbita Argyrosperma (pumpkin) is considered a sacred fruit, as it was mentioned in the holy Quran. And
from the grace of God Almighty upon his prophet Yunus, provides him with a pumpkin tree and the reason for choosing
this fruit, the science has proven it after nearly 5,000 years of its mention in the Holy Quran .Scientific research has proven that this tree is rapidly growing and is also rich in Carotenoids that act as antioxidants, protecting the tissue from damage if free radicals are exposed, as this fruit contains the important protein in the growth of tissues and fibers, which has
an important role in maintaining the digestive system. It was found that pumpkin plays an important role in treating diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity, heart disease and colon cancer.
All of this, in addition to presence of many minerals in this fruit, which have an effective role in maintaining the integrity
of the bones, teeth, muscles, and nerve cells. This is not all. It was found that the chemical compounds in pumpkin have
an effective role in limiting the growth of some microorganisms. Therefore, pumpkin is used as a treatment for microbes
and also helps in raising the efficiency of the immune system and thus protects the body from exposure to diseases.


This paper proposes a DC micro-grid for urban areas based on photovoltaic array and electrolytic storage. The DC micro-grid is designed using the formalism energetic macroscopic representation from which a maximum control structure is defined. The control strategy is experimentally validated, and results highlight the performance of DC micro-grid.


The fostering objectives in higher vocational education should not only enable students with "hard power" and high skills,of doing things but also enable them with "soft power" of being good persons and sustainable development.It's an important path training higher vocational students with humanistic quality,conscience of innovation and cooperation and improving their overall quality to perfect talent fostering program and build talent with "soft power" fostering model of "four in one" in higher vocational colleges.


A set of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification(RT-LAMP) detection primers were designed according to the conserved N protein gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) American type.Through optimization of reaction condition,a RT-LAMP assay for clinical diagnosis of PRRSV was established under isothermal conditions.The assay could detect speci-fially PRRSV American type and achieved theoretically a sensitivity of 10 plasmid molecules,whereas that of RT-PCR was 1×104 copies.The coincidence rate of RT-LAMP with RT-PCR was over 96% based on detection of 50 clinical samples,indicating that there was high correlation between RT-PCR and RT-LAMP.The results showed that the RT-LAMP assay possessed potential for rapid detection of PRRSV.


To clarify the normal range of articular cartilage volumes of the patella and femur in the human knee joints of healthy adults using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and to analyze the correlation of the articular volumes with the background characteristics. Fifty seven knees of 57 healthy volunteers aged from twenties to forties (30 males and 27 females), who had no past history of joint disease or trauma in the legs, were imaged by a fat-suppressed three-dimensional sequence (SPGR; 1.5T GE; Horizon LX 8.2.5) The obtained data were analyzed by 4 examiners independently with a computer workstation, and a average of the four was adopted as the articular volume. Analyzed characteristics factors of the volunteers were: age, body weight, height, leg length, foot size, circumference of the thigh and lower leg, quadriceps angle, foot angle, body-mass index, and general laxity. The mean articular cartilage volume was 7.2 +- 1.6 ml. It was significantly larger in males than in females. Concerning the relationship between the volume and the characteristic factors, there was a significant correlation of the cartilage volume with the foot size in males (r=0.47), and with height, leg length and foot size in females (r=0.53, 0.60, 0.60, respectively), but no significant correlation with the other factors. Conclusion. The articular cartilage volumes of the patella and femur was 7.2+- 1.6 ml. The size of skeletal structure, especially the skeletal size of the lower extremity, were assumed to be important factors in estimating cartilage volume.


This paper shows a strict demand for a suitably chosen inaccurate overhead cost allocations in an agency model in which a profit center manager is in charge for production cost containment and pricing decisions. Given exogenous restrictions on the compensation scheme, the use of distorted overhead costs by transforming the performance measure into an "accounting profit", helps calibrate incentives for the manager. The paper derives conditions for under- or overallocation of overhead costs to products. Generally, underallocation is preferable if the riskiness of quantity is not strongly positively related with price and unit cost of a product, or if the product is relatively more price-sensitive.


1 Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK 2 Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany 3 Bioscience, Discovery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK 4 Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Marburg, Germany 5 Translational Pathology & Biomarker Analysis, Translational Medicine, R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA 6 Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK 7 DMPK, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK 8 National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK 9 Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK 10 Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield UK


This paper looked at the challenges facing quality assurance in science and technology teacher education and then proffered solutions to these challenges. The paper particularly addressed what quality assurance is and the need for it in the science and technology education sector of this country. It further identified the period of pre-service training, quality assurance and standard agencies, production of inadequate number of qualified teachers, inadequate funding, inconsistency in education policies, low professional status of teachers and non-availability of instructional materials as some of the major challenges militating against assuring quality in teacher education in Nigeria. The paper therefore recommended tenure elongation, empowering quality assurance and standard agencies, heavy investment in education, making teaching profession attractive, involving stakeholders in policy formulation and integration of ICT in the teacher education. Nigeria has in the past witnessed a number of strategic steps taken by various governments towards achieving great educational goals for the country. All these were aimed at securing a better future for the people through rapid economic, scientific and technological development. These steps have been taken because government is fully aware of the truism that education is a vehicle of social transformation, national integration and development. As laudable as these goals may be, the system has suffered setbacks which prompted Lawal (1992) to observe that education in Nigeria is yet to satisfy its role in nation building. He argued that the Nigerian education is not succeeding in facilitating required employment opportunities, retention, motivation for the nation's economic selfreliance policy and it fails to provide scientific and technological development. The inability of the Nigerian education to pave way for scientific and technological development for nation building economically is attributed further to what Udoh (1995) observed, that the crises in education in this country is making the certificate issued by our educational institutions not to be recognized by the outside world. Now, while these assertions are true about our institutions, it is incumbent on us to direct our search lights on the implementers of government policies in the schools to facilitate economic and scientific development. That is for the teachers to find out if there might be grey areas in the practice of the profession. It is stated in the National Policy on Education (NPE), (2004) that teacher education shall continue to be given major emphasis in all educational planning and development since no education system may rise above the quality of its teachers. However, teacher education today is going through rough times in terms of manpower deficiencies, management, infrastructure, policy, leadership in capabilities, students' lack of interest in their studies, underfunding by government, teachers not going for in-service training, government, teachers not going for in-service training, and conferences. Jack of parents' involvement in the stake of education among many other problems.


As a critical element of marketing, distribution is the method adopted in order to deliver products or services to the final customer or end-user via different distribution channels. The present study was formulated so as todeterminethe influence of distribution strategy on sale promotion of Samsung Company in Iranby use of two indices, i.e. stock and distribution channels. The data were collected by using a questionnaire. The statistical population was experts of production, sale, financial, and quality control sectors of Samsung Company in Iran. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were approved by experts' confirmation and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Data analysis was performed through descriptive statistics. The results acquired from the present study indicated that distribution strategy can have positive influence on sale promotion of Samsung Company in Iran if a careful attention is devoted to the management of stock and distribution channels. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s2p733


The invention discloses a method for treating an emulsion layer in a process for synthesizing 5-methyluridine. By the method, the process of treating the colloidal emulsion layer produced in the conventional process for producing the 5-methyluridine is optimized, and hydrolyzate 5-methyl-2',3',5'-O-triacetyl-beta-D-ribose uridine in the emulsion layer is directly converted into a target product, namely the 5-methyluridine. The conventional complicated process is saved, anhydrous magnesium sulfate and diatomite are not required to be used, the product is easier to separate, and the solvent-containing emulsion layer is not required to be directly filtered or centrifuged, so that the production environment is clean and safe, and labor intensity is reduced; and the method improves process yield, saves production cost and is suitable for industrial production.


This document reports that actin-like filaments, about 5 nm in width, were found in mung beanmitochondria after negative staining of mitoplast. The 5 nm filaments, composed of globular proteins, were visualized beneath the intramembranous particles by freeze-fracture electron microscope. Freeze-fracture immuno-labeling against anti-actin antibody suggested that actin-like filaments attached to the protoplasmic surface of mitochondrial inner membrane. These filaments were also found in the matrix and underneath of outer membrane. The presence of actin-like protein in mitochondria was also substantiated by immunolocalization in situ. Interestingly, some 5 nm filamentous bundles were often found between mitochondrion and its "bud". It is likely that these images represent an undiscovered novel plant mitochondrial budding process which may involve some 5 nm filamentous structure in separating nascent mitochondrion to its mother mitochondrion. Treatment of cultured tobacco cells with F-actin depolymerization reagent, Latrunculin B (Lat B) might affectthe shapes of mitochondria. Taken together, this study suggests that some 5 nm filaments, probably F-actin,may be localized in mitochondria and play a role in mitochondrial propagation and mitochondrial shaping.


There are a multitude of cross‐sectional surveys that provide the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the community. However, the data regarding the influence of socioeconomic status on prevalence of IBS were sparse. This study is to investigate the possible relation between human development and prevalence of IBS, at national level.


Fried cocking oil from different homes were collected to produce biodiesel through trans -esterification process. It is a chemical reaction between fried cocking oil molecules and methanol alcohol in the presence of catalyst like potassium hydroxide to obtain glycerol as a by-product and biodiesel as a major product. Using gravity technique for separating is not appropriate method because it is conformed per long period; therefore, high voltage technique has been shown capable of fast causing glycerol fallout. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of electrodes span having different high voltages on separating period between methyl ester (biodiesel) and glycerol; besides, to determine the energy consumption for this technique compared to gravity. Data indicated that the least separating period was 210 seconds at distance of 2 cm between electrodes with high voltage 7.2 kV per mixture 10 liters.


In the last seven years Romania experienced a growth of GDP at a high rate. This trend marked the end of the transformation process and the beginning of a convergence process with the economies of the European Union member states. But this economic growth was a jobless one, the number of employed persons diminished with 13.2% between 1999 and 2005. This shows that the structural adjustment continued and that problems of labour market operation and the assistance of disadvantaged groups should not be ignored in spite of the positive dynamics of the main economic indicators. unemployment rate was 19.7% and respectively 18.2%. During the period 2002-2005, in Romania the above-mentioned indicators had an oscillatory evolution, but it should be emphasised that there is a trend of the decreasing of their levels. In case of unemployment the evolutions could be considered positive, but, with respect to participation and employment rate, the evolutions are negative. Participation rate, which is significantly behind the average level registered in the European Union and its trend to decrease is a consequence of a growing external migration for labour and the existence of discouraged persons of working age that are not presented on the labour market. Low participation rate is registered in conditions of a particular employment structure, respectively a large share of agriculture (32%), sensibly higher in comparison with the European Union 1 It is important to stress that the gap between the employment rate in Romania and the European Union as a whole is varying within age-groups and according to gender. Thus the ratio between the employment rate in Romania and the European Union average is 90.4% for the population of 15-64 year-old ( 89.6% in case males and 91.2% in case of women), 69.6% for 15-24 year-old (74.1% in case males and 63.9% in case of women), 94.9%% for 25-54 year-old (93.6% in case males and 96.5% in case of women), 92.7% for the population of 55-64 year-old (90.2% in case males and 98.2% in case of women). These figures reveal that a major contribution to the lower employment rate in Romania is due to the group of the 15-24 year old. Also in this age-group women having a job are underrepresented. In the other age group the gap between Romania and European Union is bigger for men than for women. This is a consequence of the industrial restructuring of past years that diminished the employment opportunities for older men, and due to the fact that the new jobs created in the services sector were mainly taken by women.


This paper presented research small- and mini-hydroelectric power plants as an effective source of compensation for instability of non-guaranteed renewable energy sources (RES) power plants. HPPs play the main role for balancing the power system operation mode. To somehow compensate for the growth of RES generation in the power system, we can forced to start hydropower plants as a consumer in the pump mode. This paper investigated the trends of installed capacity hydroelectric power plants (HPPs) for World and for Ukraine. Also, it was considered the dynamics of change of the annual amount of hydroelectric power generation (HPG) on data International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) for World and for Ukraine. Is shown the classification of HPPs on value green tariff and installed capacity. Observed the distribution of the daily power generation during the 2019 year by typical mini-HPP. Compared the experimental and calculation value power generation by typical mini-HPP in 2019. Researched of influence the meteorological factors on power generation of mini-hydropower plants using Spearman's rank correlation. Proposed for HPG used cascade small- and mini HPPs.


One of the more interesting recent events in British football, and for that matter in British sports media, this year has been the swift removal/resignation of two Sky Sports (Fox Sports for USA-based readers) presenters. Known to any half-knowledgeable football [soccer] followers as the presenter and host, Richard Keys, and the former Scottish international striker, Andy Gray, had led the front line of Sky's exceptionally successful football programme for almost 20 years. Off camera, before the televised match between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Liverpool, but still on air, Gray was heard to disparage the female referee's assistant, Sian Massey. He suggested that women could not understand the offside rule, which is critical to the ability to officiate a game. It refers to the imaginary line that an opponent may not cross while they are in active play (in all likelihood trying to score a goal). Effectively, the rule prevents an opposition player gaining a strategic advantage over the defence by being closer to the goal than the last two defenders, and thus in a position where he/she or their team are more likely to score. The rule, modified over the years, attempts to maintain a delicate balance between attacking and defending teams such that it is neither too easy nor too difficult to score goals. The position 'referee's assistant' is probably better known to anyone beyond 25 years of age (and certainly to the two main protagonists) as a 'linesman' (sic) though in this day and age the inappropriateness of the term is selfevident. Keys concurred with Gray's anticipation of some serious officiating errors that could be expected in virtue of the assistant being female. Keys further commented about the game having gone mad as a result of acceptance of women into all aspects of the game. Unsurprisingly, following further revelations about Gray's sexism in the workplace, he was fired, and Keys's resignation swiftly followed. What can be detected in these off-air discussions are simple prejudices and less simple epistemological judgements. The prejudices are too obvious to recount. The epistemological ones are more subtle. And so are the attitudes revealed towards their identifying commitments, their clear love of football (which is equally self-evident to anyone who has watched them). First, then, the sexism evident in their remarks about females being unable to comprehend the offside rule are plain stupidity. If Marie Curie, Martha Nussbaum and Margaret Thatcher can succeed in their chosen fields of biochemistry, philosophy and politics, one can only wonder ironically why women cannot understand a sports rule that has only two criteria of application (being in an offside position; and being in active play), irrespective of how technically difficult these can be to apply correctly. Note that the technical difficult is of course not gender-sensitive: it applies to anyone adopting the role of 'referee' or 'referee's assistant'. What of the more subtle, epistemological position which Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, Vol. 5, No. 2, May 2011


Abstract : This report describes an experiment with a helicopter to quantify the performance of our experimental multifunctional C02-laser heterodyne detection system 5,7 as a vibration detection instrument. The laser system emitted a beam with a diameter of 35 nun with a divergence of 0.5 mrad and a continuous output of 0.4 Watt. The purpose of our measurements was to measure the vibration spectra of a helicopter from the Dutch Air Force at distances between 0,5 to 6 km at various aspect angles. Vibration detection with the help of lasers might prove important for classification of targets. Especially helicopters are of interest because of the typical constant rotor speeds and fixed speed-ratio's between the tail-and main rotor (T/R-ratio) and other characteristics of the spectra. The obtained spectral components are compared with maintenance (rotortuning) frequency measurements done at the airbase with accelerometers. The results are in accordance with each other. The rotor frequencies have been determined at all positions of the helicopter. Depending of the place where the laser beam hits the target, the amplitudes of the spikes in the frequency spectrum may vary significantly. With an Advantest R9211C FFT spectrum analyser a measurement will take at least one second, yielding a fair recognisable spectrum at distances of the helicopter up to 4 km.


Given a normalized Maxwellian μ and n ≥ 1, we establish the global‐in‐time validity of a diffusive expansion $$(0.1) \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, F^{\varepsilon}(t,x,v)=\mu+\sqrt{\mu} \left\{ \varepsilon f_{1}(t,x,v)+\varepsilon^{2}f_{2}(t,x,v)+\cdots+\varepsilon^{n}f_{n}^{\varepsilon}(t,x,v) \right\} ,$$ for a solution Fε to the rescaled Boltzmann equation (diffusive scaling) $$(0.2) \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \varepsilon\partial_{t}F^{\varepsilon}+v\cdot\nabla_{x}F^{\varepsilon} = {1 \over \varepsilon}Q(F^{\varepsilon},F^{\varepsilon})$$ inside a periodic box 𝕋3. We assume that in the initial expansion (0.1) at t = 0, the fluid parts of these fm(0,x,v) have arbitrary divergence‐free velocity fields as well as temperature fields for all 1 ≤ m ≤ n while f1(0,x,v) has small amplitude in H2. For m ≥ 2, these fm(t,x,v) are determined by a sequence of linear Navier‐Stokes‐Fourier systems iteratively. More importantly, the remainder f  nε (t,x,v) is proven to decay in time uniformly in ε via a unified nonlinear energy method. In particular, our results lead to an error estimate for f1(t,x,v), the well‐known Navier‐Stokes‐Fourier approximation, and beyond. The collision kernel Q includes hard‐sphere, the cutoff inverse‐power, as well as the Coulomb interactions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Introduction In rough set, data analysis starts from a table referred to as decision or information table representing an information system30. A wide range of scientific and medical applications, especially in the field of pattern recognition, data mining, machine learning and process control systems adopted the rough set as a suitable tool29. Zadeh introduced Fuzzy set theory to the researchers and mathematicians in 1967 stating that, it is not required to have a precise, numerical information input for modeling a system40. This research applies Fuzzy inference system that maps a given input to output using the fuzzy sets theory that uses Sugeno method24. The artificial ANN Abstract Recently, hybrid data-driven models have become appropriate predictive patterns in various hydrological forecast scenarios. Especially, meteorology has witnessed that there is a need for a much better approach to handle weather-related parameters intelligently. To handle this challenging issue, this research intends to apply the fuzzy and ANN theories for developing hybridized adaptive rough-neuro-fuzzy intelligent system. Assimilating the features of ANN and FIS has attracted the rising attention of researchers due to the growing requisite of adaptive intelligent systems to solve the real world requirements. The proposed model is capable of handling soft rule boundaries and linguistic variables to improve the prediction accuracy. The adaptive roughneuro-fuzzy approach attained an enhanced prediction accuracy of 95.49 % and outperformed the existing techniques. Article history


Consider firms that operate platforms matching buyers and sellers while selling goods themselves. By guiding consumers towards their own products through algorithmic recommendations, these firms could influence market outcomes – a regulatory concern. To investigate, we combine novel data about sales and recommendations on Amazon with a structural model that captures seller entry. Recommendations are highly price-elastic (-20), and many consumers (34%) only consider recommended offers. Hence, algorithmic recommendations raise the demand elasticity (from -8 to -11), intensify price competition, and increase the purchase rate. However, increased competition reduces entry (but the missing merchants are the least efficient). Focusing on self-preferencing: recommendations favor Amazon (equivalent to a 6% price discount), but this skew does not act as a barrier to entry or otherwise harm consumers. Indeed, since consumers prefer Amazon's offers, "selfpreferencing" slightly raises consumer surplus by $9 per product per month (assuming Amazon's prices remain constant.)


"Le comparatisme ne peut constimer une obligation de resultat, mais le moyen d'estimer sa propre culture confrontee a d'autres." (Poly and Bournazel 514) [Comparison cannot constitute a resulting obligation, but the means to evaluate one's own culture as confronted by others.] THE MOST BROADLY encompassing political system of medieval western Europe was without doubt feudalism in one or another its various forms. (1) At the foundation of feudal society, we find the institutions of feud and vassalage. These institutions were developed around the ceremony of hominium (homage), which represents the beginning of the "liens d'hommes a hommes" (ties from men to men), i.e. between the overlord and his vassals (Poly and Bournazel 106-54). The homage ritual is principally composed of the oath of fidelity, known also as the oath of personal allegiance. Recent work by historians has shown that the study of the oaths of fidelity has changed our conception of aspects of feudalism that were not thought to be well accommodated within the classical concept. (2) In her study of the Trencavel family codex, Helene Debax integrated the Languedoc among other feudal societies of France. In their collaborative volume, Poly and Bournazel endeavored to define feudalism and apply it to other geographic areas such as the Middle East and Japan, but they remained careful in the use of the term "feudalism": Bien des societes, malgre l'existence de telles ou telles imtitutions a peu pres identiques au fief ou au vasselage des XIe--XIIIe siecles ouest-europeens, ne peuvent etre consideres comme feodales parce que la place qu'y tiennent ces elements feodaux est secondaire dans le fonctionnement du systeme global. Et cela meme quand ces elements, inexistants ou marginaux dans la plupart des secteurs sociaux ou geographiques, sont deja essentiels dans l'un d'eux, ou l'on pourra parler de proto-feodalite. (Poly and Bournazel 12) (A good many societies, in spite of the existence of this or that institution more or less identical to the fief or the vassalage of western Europe during the eleventh to the thirteen centuries, cannot be considered feudal because the place that contains these feudal elements is secondary in the function of the global system. And this is the case even when these elements, absent or marginal in most social or geographic sectors, are essential in one of them, allowing one to speak of proto-feudalism.) Nevertheless, without going too far afield, a study of the oath of fidelity in medieval Iceland can well be undertaken as demonstrated in the works of Jon Vidar Sigurdsson who was the first to propose an analysis of the relationship between godar (chieftains) and bondr (householders) within the context of feudal practices: "The relationship between chieftains and trusted men differed from that between chieftains and friends in that trusted men were bound to the chieftains by both the ties of friendship and the ties of feudal allegiance; in other words, the latter relationship was more institutionalized" (Sigurdsson, Chieftains 128-9). Since his main thesis was not to establish a parallel between feudal Europe and Iceland, there remain questions that need to be asked again and, if possible, answered. Following the lead of historians studying feudalism such as Barthelemy or Debax, original texts will form the basis of this study. Then an attempt to contextualize and interpret the texts with the view of arriving at new concepts regarding feudal practices will be made. This article will thus illustrate how the oath of fidelity was construed in Iceland and in so doing determine whether Sigurdsson's conclusions are warranted. But before turning to the Icelandic oath of fidelity, its place within continental Europe must be examined. Only then can the court practices of Norway that act as a bridge between western Europe and Iceland be interrogated. Finally, using the same procedure, the case of Iceland during the Sturlunga Age can be investigated. …


The present invention relates to a joint device for or prosthesis for orthosis, the joint device includes an upper (2), and lower (3) which is Chogi to the upper joint unit (1) to attach for the user and a mounting means (4, 5), comprising at least one hydraulic unit (10) between the upper (2) and lower (3), the liquid pressure unit, extension chamber (14) and has a movable piston (11) within the housing (11) having bending chamber (15), the piston is connected to the upper (2) or bottom (3), a hydraulic unit, pump (21) and accumulator (23) is assigned a pressure supply means (20) having a through the pressure supply means, while controlled by the control means (20), applying pressure to the piston (12) and a pump (21) is operable in the generator mode, the accumulator (23), the pump (21) and is connected to the driven, and the hydraulic fluid from the accumulator (23) by a pump (21), can be guided to the hydraulic unit (10). .The


A general modeling technique is proposed for a triple redundant 3 × 3-phase permanent-magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance machine (PMA SynRM). The magnetomotive force (MMF) of the machine is divided into three parts, each associated with one three-phase set. The MMF of each three-phase set can be described by four variables: d- and q-axis components of the currents, the rotor angle, and an MMF offset component that captures the mutual coupling between three three-phase sets. Therefore, the complete machine behavior in all operating conditions can be captured by means of 4-D tables, which store the flux linkage and torque information. The 4-D tables are produced by finite-element (FE) analysis for one three-phase set. As a result, the machine behavior can be predicted by interpolating the 4-D tables. The model is capable of representing healthy and fault operations, including unequal current operation in three three-phase sets, and offers great flexibility for performance assessment, postfault control, and fault detection. Its effectiveness is verified by extensive FE simulation and experimental tests in different operation modes.


Communications professionals in the land-grant system are becoming more heavily involved in nonprofit marketing. A holistic client-centered approach to integrating program and communication efforts to advance the goals of the organization. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. This research is available in Journal of Applied Communications: http://newprairiepress.org/jac/vol74/iss2/2 Marketing: An Emerging Area Sherrill Carlson Communications professionals in the land-grant system are becoming more heavily involved in nonprofit marketing. a holistic client-centered approach to integrating program and commuI11cation efforts to advance the goals of the organization. This paper looks at some of the most successful programs and delineates several Issues that Cooperative Extension and tnfoffilation units must face in implementing nonprofit marketing. The national trend by the Cooperative Extension System toward organlzationaJ and program marketing has pOSitive implications for communicators working with Cooperative Extension. They are likely to have more resources and to be more thoroughly a part of the total program effort. There will also be far more demanded of Utem. The need for marketing or. at a minimum. more visibility, is widely felt among Cooperative Extension personnel and supported by public surveys which show that the urban public often has little knowledge of Cooperative Extension. Listen towhat those in the system have to say: A county home economist in a city of 200,000 in Nebraska, sveakina: of the competition in her community: "Our training is much better, but others look more polished. Marketing Is not immO;ral: we need not to hide our abilities," An agricultural agent iD a county of 35,000 in Vermont, addreaaina: the question of whether good material requires good presentation: "We are dealing with limited time. There is a tremendous amount of information out there. Consumers are bombarded with tons of paper. Ifwe don·t keep up, whether information is valid or not, they are going to put us aside. H The writer recently had the opportunity to study nonprofit marketIng as part of a six-month professional leave. During that leave. 54 face-la-face Interviews were conducted with administrators, field agents, subject specialists. programj evaluation speCialists, and Infonnation professionals at five land-grant universities: Cornell (New York). Nebraska. Ohio State. Oregon State. and Vennont. The broad scope of the Interviews shows the broad scope required in marketing. It cannot be confined solely to communication. Sherrill Carlson is anACE member and an Extensionpublications edUor. College of Agriculture and Home economics. W(1Shington State Urtiuerslty. Journal of Applied Communications, Vol. 74, No, 2, 1990/1 1 Carlson: Marketing: An Emerging Area Published by New Prairie Press, 2017 2 Journal of Applied Communications, Vol. 74 [1990], Iss. 2, Art. 2 http://newprairiepress.org/jac/vol74/iss2/2 DOI: 10.4148/1051-0834.1516 3 Carlson: Marketing: An Emerging Area Published by New Prairie Press, 2017 4 Journal of Applied Communications, Vol. 74 [1990], Iss. 2, Art. 2 http://newprairiepress.org/jac/vol74/iss2/2 DOI: 10.4148/1051-0834.1516 5 Carlson: Marketing: An Emerging Area Published by New Prairie Press, 2017 6 Journal of Applied Communications, Vol. 74 [1990], Iss. 2, Art. 2 http://newprairiepress.org/jac/vol74/iss2/2 DOI: 10.4148/1051-0834.1516 7 Carlson: Marketing: An Emerging Area Published by New Prairie Press, 2017 8 Journal of Applied Communications, Vol. 74 [1990], Iss. 2, Art. 2 http://newprairiepress.org/jac/vol74/iss2/2 DOI: 10.4148/1051-0834.1516


To the Editor: I have read with interest the recently published article by Webster et al. (5) in which flow limitation and fl ow-in .duced oscillations of a model trachea are studied both theoretically and experimentally. There are several difficulties with this work which bear illuminating. In particular, is the theory relevant to the experiments and are the conclusions concerning energy dissipation at a choke supported by the theory? A hardware model was used which consisted of a rectangular conduit formed by three rigid sides and enclosed with a thin latex membrane as the fourth side (5). A local minimum in cross-sectional area was designated to serve as a choke point. Flow-induced oscillations of the membrane were observed to occur at the air speed U = 66 m/s. This equals their computed wave speed of infinitely long waves, C = (Kh/p)1/2, where Kh is the elastance of the model and p is the gas density. The observed oscillation frequency was f = 1,000 Hz and the wavelength, evident in Fig. 4, was X = 5 cm. The mathematical model of flutter presented by the authors is designed to predict U, f, and X, if the observed phenomenon is indeed flutter. With their choice of parameters, Fig. 7A shows that the predicted value of U, which is determined from the minimum of the given curve U vs. k (k = 249, is U = 80 m/s. This is close to the observed value. However, to accomplish this fit the area density of the thin latex membrane was chosen to be CT = 10 kg/ m2, which is unrealistic. The wavelength corresponding to the minimum U is seen to be X = 65 cm (k = 9.6 m-l) that differs from the observed wavelength by an order of magnitude and is over twice the length of the tracheal model. When these predicted values of U and X are used in their frequency equation (Eq. I), the predicted frequency is found to be f = 20 Hz. This differs from the observed frequency by the two orders of magn .itude. As an aside, there is a typographi .cal error in the equation (3), which should read uf ' =-(K + Tk2)( l/c + l/(pS))/k2. These discrepancies raise the likelihood that the theory is not related to the observations. One alternative is that the oscillations seen in this experiment are not due to flutter, but instead are driven by vortex shedding within the gas flow itself. In vortex shedding theory, discussed ( l), the vortex frequency is give n by f = 0.2 u/ d, where d is a characteristic diameter of the system. In this case, d = 1.25 cm, which yields f = 1056 Hz. This is quite close to the observed frequency. The wavelength associated with vortex shedding is given by X = C/f = 6.2 cm which is very close to the observed wavelength. The idea that flow limitation and flutter are related by a general theory was previously presented (2) for a frictionless model. This model was modified (3) to include friction, because a nondissipative model such as the one presented (5) cannot explain energy dissipation in segments downstream of a choke. In their effort to examine the implications of flutter as a dissipative mechanism in choked flow, the authors (5) relied heavily upon a model, (4), in which the wall has viscous damping while the fluid remains inviscid. Although the intent of the authors (5) was to show that energy could be lost in the fluttering wall when that wall has damping, the theory (4) predicts that flutter cannot occur under these circumstances. Instead, the walls are predicted to lose stability by static buckling (divergence), at a critical fluid speed &. This prediction differs from the experiments presented (4) that demonstrate an oscillatory instability rather than divergence. Because the theory does not predict flutter, it is not useful in explaining energy dissipation due to flutter. As an aside, the equation for Ud is incorrect due to a mathematical error. The difficulty caused by introducing wall damping to the theory was solved (3) by treating the fluid as viscous rather than inviscid. The fluid viscous forces on the wall are out of phase with the wall viscoelastic forces and this combination leads to the prediction of flutter, not divergence. It is only in a dissipative model (3) that preserves the flutter instability, that one can begin to address the dissipation of energy at a choke which is a major concern (5) .


Bachata is a guitar-centered style characterized by romantic lyrics and a highly emotional singing style that coalesced as a style in the Dominican Republic in the 1970s. Bachata's fans and practitioners were primarily of African descent, but due to the Dominican Republic's history of repudiating its African heritage, bachata was considered poor people's music rather than a form of black music. Bachata's social profile began to change when it was transplanted in New York City by Dominican immigrants in the 1980s and 1990s : in New York, bachata shed its low class identity as it became a powerful sonic symbol of the Dominican homeland. At the same time, young New York Dominicans also embraced the hip-hop and R&B dominating the city's musical landscape, so when they began producing their own bachata, it was notably inflected with R&B and hip-hop aesthetics. The new style was distinguished from its island-based antecedents with the term "urban bachata". This essay addresses the extent to which urban bachata's R&B and hip-hop aesthetics reveal—or elide— racial and/or cultural affinities between New York Dominicans and African Americans. It also questions the degree to which Dominicans' history of racial disavowal has influenced the development of a broader diasporic identity.


In the given article results of studies on experimental estimate of possibility of waste recycling of production of TNT in foam glass are presented. Authors for the first time demonstrated experimentally that there is a real possibility of using wastes as a feedstock to produce silicate foam glass, which in turn is used for the manufacture of silicate glass foam - one of the most effective and eco- friendly modern heat-insulating materials. Initial raw charge used for producing silicate glass comprises a third waste, which significantly reduces the cost of resulting foam glass. For purification of gaseous discharges formed from the manufacture of original silicate glass from nitrogen oxides, an efficient thermal method for neutralizing them on the basis of active carbons is first suggested. It is shown by experiments that the highest possible degree of cleaning (≈ 98 %) in the present process can be achieved at 580-600 ◦C.


The main objectives of the paper were to identify challenges facing science teachers during   in-service professional development programmes in Lindi region. The study adopted a qualitative research approach based on descriptive survey design. Data were obtained from 63 respondents, of which, 54 were science teachers, and 09 heads of school. It employed purposive sampling technique. The data were obtained through interviews, questionnaires, and documentary reviews. Qualitatively data were analysed and subjected to content analysis. The study findings revealed that financial constraints, shortage of teaching and learning materials, lack of follow up, shortage of time were some of the factors that hinder the implementation of in-service professional development programmes for science teachers. The study concludes that there is a need to strengthen implementation of inservice professional development programmes to science teachers. The study recommends that, government through Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST) and Regional Administration and Local Government (RALG) should collaborate and ensure science teachers are well facilitated to improve access to in-service programmes. This will subsequently equip teachers with relevant skills to cope with new career and professional changes.   The study recommends for the conduct of regular seminars and workshops to raise science teachers' awareness and enhance their knowledge competence and confidence in applying competence –based approaches in teaching and learning process.


Rapid urbanization and modernization are increasing around the world including Myanmar. Mobile phone call detail records (CDRs) provide new opportunities to measure the origin-destination trips, travel distance, travel duration and origin-destination matric, which are essential for urban planning and transport management. The purpose of this research is to identify transportation modes using one-week mobile CDRs provided by Myanma Posts and Telecommunications (MPT). In this research, daily origin-destination trips have been generated to detect various transportation modes such as public transit, private car, taxi and walk based on their travel speeds. Travel speeds of each mode were predefined based on Global Positioning System (GPS) probe data from ground truth data collection. When the speed is within the predefined range, the traveler is using a specific transportation mode. These mode shares using CDRs data were validated by person trip survey of Yangon Urban Transport Plan of the Greater Yangon (YUTRA). These data are very helpful in the prediction of passenger demand for transport services. We hope that this study will help to improve Yangon City traffic planning and public facility management.


INTRODUCTION Ballet evolved demanding perfection and beauty to our eyes. In front of these, grand professional companies demand from their ballet dancers performances like elite athletes; that have it all of commons characteristics, except the fact that they don't participate the Olympic Games neither the competitions. Training occurs not in functions of competitions but in accordance of the shows' year calendar, with presentations on the major's theaters of cities and countries. All of the bases of a ballet dancer are exhausted constitute during infinites and indispensable ballet classes. Nevertheless, we don't know exactly what occurs during a classical ballet class, or what are the consequences of the regular practice, neither what are the factors could be affected the ballet dancer, damaging or indicating progress in performance; and more, what the variables could contribute with the physiological characterization of this activity "so art how much sport". What it's perceived, the ballet is an exhausted activity, however without specific knowledge of effort intensity. One alternative to elucidate this subject is the Heart rate monitoring (HR). HR can help with extreme precision the physical conditioning state of ballet dancers and the training intensity (WILLMORE & COSTILL, 2001). Ballet classes demand the practitioners an excellent physical conditioning with intense efforts developed by fast exercises (20 seconds to 3 or 4 minutes). This kind of effort indicates that energetic demand is received almost exclusive by the high-energy phosphate or ATP-CP, stored on active specific muscles during the exercises. When high intensities are reached, the muscle cells produce piruvic acid (MCARDLE e KATCH, 1999). This acid is instable and converse itself in lactate and, in agreement with Lopes (2005), the lactate accumulated with increased exercise intensity have a muscle incapacitate to extract and oxidize the lactate in the same time, and decrease the blood flux to the esplenic region (liver and kidneys). Nevertheless, there are lot of studies based on HR like an indicator of effort and physical conditioning (LAMBERT et al, 1998; LUCIA et al, 2000; ACHTEN & JEUKENDRUP, 2003); there are some divergences about the subject. Still more, when the modality is less studied, like Classic Ballet. There's a lack of researches and articles of these theme, which could contribute to better comprehension and enlargement of this modality. The intent of this research is detecting the physiological aspects of classic ballet dancers, like the metabolic net. Verifying the heart rate behavior during a classic ballet class to determine the exercise intensity in relative and absolute values.


In this paper, we describe the design of an ultra wide band (UWB) system for microwave imaging system, using monopole antenna fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line, operating over 1.416 – 9.367 GHz band. To meet the requirements of the specifications of our application, some bandwidth enlargement techniques have been introduced such as: the insertion slots, and the use of partial ground plans. A simple breast and tumor models have been developed and simulated under CST software. Finally, we have implemented the delay and sum Integration algorithm for microwave imaging to detect a small tumor (radius = 5 mm).


TCOM employs a variety of testing and analytical tools to optimize the design and performance of its aerostat structures. In particular, its large diaphragm test fixture provides a versatile platform for studying stresses in and around the most critical features. Such features include ports, hardware attachments, load patches, and safety equipment, and each test is uniquely configured to simulate actual conditions as closely as possible. Analytical simulations of the tests are conducted to validate the accuracy of the analysis. Physical data from the tests are compared with the simulation results to confirm the integrity of the design.


Black holes are a recently observed theoretical prediction of General Relativity, characterized by event horizons, from which information cannot escape. Examined through the lenses of quantum mechanics, they can radiate at a definite temperature inverse to their mass and horizon radius. Hawking radiation, whose spectrum was calculated considering particles scattering off black holes, is connected to the paradox of the loss of information falling into them. Information can become non-fungible, due to scrambling. We demonstrate this feature not to be restricted to curved space-times: soft radiation scattering in a flat space-time does scramble information as well. To this end, we compute the scrambling of information through the tripartite mutual information in a scattering process off a black hole and compare it with the flat space-time analog. We show that the scrambling power of the gravitational field of a black hole is negligible with respect to the scrambling power of flat space-time.


A procedure for evaluating efficiency of the systems of biological elimination of soluble and insoluble in water harmful gaseous substances as well as dissolved in water contaminants has been devised. The procedure is based on previously developed mathematical models of the corresponding non-stationary bio oxidation processes. Based on the analysis of 27 design versions, real capabilities of biological purification facilities were shown, the effect of design and operation mode parameters on efficiency of the systems of biological destruction of methane, hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde were assessed. In quantitative terms, the results obtained in numerical experiments indicate the necessity of taking into account variation of the rate of pollutant inflow in the process of vessel filling. It was established that an increase in the facility efficiency in terms of the volume of the gas-air mixture, N, causes a decrease in methane concentration at the bioreactor entry and a reduction of the purification degree to 62 %. An increase in the rate of hydrogen sulfide inflow to the reactor leads to a reduction of the purification degree from 98 to 95 %. An increase in the initial concentration of biomass by a factor of 1.7 causes a decrease in concentration of hydrogen sulfide in water from 2.5 to 1.1 g/m 3 . A significant decrease in the average specific bio oxidative power with an increase in the working space in which the final stage of emission purification from formaldehyde takes place was also observed. The revealed regularities represent a tool for improving quality of design solutions and increasing effectiveness of bio oxidation modes in operation of the systems of biological gas purification.


We present the results of a numerical study focusing on the pr opagation of a hypersonic bullet subject to radiative cooling. Our goal is to explore the feasibility of such a model for the formation of "strings" observed in theη Carinae Homunculus nebula. Our simulations were performed in cylindrical symmetry with the adaptive mesh refinement code AstroBEAR. The radiative cooling of the system was followed using the cooling curve by Dalgarno & McCray (1972). In this letter we discuss the evolu ti n and overall morphology of the system as well as key kinematic properties. We find that radiative bullets c an produce structures with properties similar to those of theη Carinae strings, i.e. high length-to-width ratios and Hubb le-type flows in the form of a linear velocity increase from the base of the wake to the bullet head. These fe atures, along with the appearance of periodic "ringlike" structures, may also make this model applicable to oth er astrophysical systems such as planetary nebulae, e.g. CRL 618 and NGC 6543, young stellar objects, etc. Subject headings: circumstellar matter — stars: individual ( η Carinae) — stars: mass-loss — ISM: jets and outflows — planetary nebulae: individual (CRL 618)


plants hints of nasty things to come once this babe inherits the crown. The mature Henry bullies and browbeats; he acts ruthlessly, ineptly, sometimes churlishly; he deserves no laurels, little sympathy, and much suspicion. The diplomatic bias serves Wolsey well, and here Dr Scarisbrick contributes a much needed re-assessment of that career. Wolsey's agacity and perspicacity grow with each description of diplomatic artifice, although it remains difficult to accept the general argument hat the game of aggressive alliances added up to a vast peace conspiracy-engineered by Wolsey and beyond his bellicose master's understanding. The narrative next moves directly to the divorce, with another e-assessment that will keep argument alive. Dr Scarisbrick's viewpoint is Roman and continental, not simply and parochially that of English statecraft; the crisis comprises one-third of the book, including a conclusive description and analysis of the pre-Tridentine canon law on marriage. That alone will make this book essential reading for all Reformation scholars. He argues that Henry's case would have been canonically strongest ff he had accepted Catherine's insistence upon the unconsummated first marriage and that Wolsey clearly saw this. With Wolsey's fall, Henry immediately took a lone offensive against he papacy; and Dr Scarisbrick thus completes his portrait by making Henry responsible for the human and parliamentary acts reforming religion. An ideology of ca•saropapism wedded to conscientious scruples over church corruption, a personal claim to imperial status, an insistence on national immunity from the papacy, the attacks upon the clergy-all become Henry's post-Wolsey personality development. Henry alone must answer for the supremacy and the theological tergiversations that followed. Without Wolsey or Cromwell, Henry is the sole policy-maker in 1530-1 and after June 1540; therefore, we see the reign end as it began, in war and waste.


Many researchers have considered comics as an excellent educational resource, pointing out to its advantages and its great educational potential. As a result, few authors have investigated the attitudes of students towards comics and they are rarely used as a teaching material in Benin in the learning of foreign languages. In this study, we aim to examine the attitudes of Beninese students of Spanish as a Foreign Language towards comic, as well as offer a reflection on some of the possibilities that can bring this teaching resource. In doing this, we analyze data from 25 participants which was obtained from a questionnaire, interviews, and tasks around the comic. Conclusions show that: (a) most participants showed a positive attitude towards comics and are highly motivated; (b) the use of comics contributed to improving their linguistic and intercultural communicative competences, as well as revitalized the learning of the target language. Finally, the paper concludes by pointing out the study's implications and limitations, and offering suggestions for future research opportunities.


Crime forecasting is an interesting application area of research with ARIMA and ANN models offer a good technique for predicting time series. Time series data often contain both linear and nonlinear patterns. Therefore, neither ARIMA nor neural networks can be adequate in modeling and predicting time series data. In this study, a hybrid ARIMA and neural network model is proposed to predict crime series data. The hybrid approach for the crime series prediction is tested using 216-month observations of four crime category that are Non-Domestic Violence Related Assault, Break and Enter Non Dwelling, Steal from Retail Store and Steal from Person. Specifically, the results from the hybrid model provide a good modeling framework capable of capturing the nonlinear nature of the complex time series and thus producing more accurate predictions. The accuracy results from the hybrid models for the four case studies are 92.08%, 91.78%, 93.62 and 94.13%, respectively, which are satisfactory in common model applications. Predicted crime data from the hybrid model are compared with those from the ARIMA and neural network using the performance measures. As the result, the hybrid model provides a better accuracy over the ARIMA and neural network models for crime series forecasting.


Three field studies investigated the effects of post-exposure cognitions on person identification. Subjects' beliefs that they could identify someone were significantly increased by the presentation of new information and the rehearsal of old information about the person. Misidentification errors increased as the lengths of the initial exposure duration increased and when subjects received additional contextual information about the target. These frequent misidentifications may reflect the misattribution of familiarity from enhanced contextual knowledge to familiarity arising from perceptual knowledge. Further, performance was enhanced when the identification task capitalized on 'transfer-appropriate rehearsal' post-event strategies. Ancillary findings contradicted research on 'verbal overshadowing', and the relationship between identification accuracy and confidence. The results were generalized to real-world situations that encourage post-event cognitions by eyewitnesses.


• Simulations could not show any stiffness dependence on lateral size • Simulations show a weak but significant temperature dependence • The temperature dependence is due to decreased entropy • The ...


The current conditions in PT. Trading Company Indonesia (Persero) Cab. Lampung, where the employee's performance is still not optimal due to the leadership of the lack of attention to its employees and the low mativasi employee. This study aimed to determine the effect of leadership on employee performance, the effect of work motivation on employee performance, leadership and motivation influence on employee performance PT. Trading Company Indonesia (Persero) Cab. Lampung,This type of research used in this research is quantitative research. Data collection techniques used were interviews, questionnaires, observations. The population in this study are employees PT. Trading Company Indonesia (Persero) Cab. Lampung which amounts to 102 employees. The sampling technique in this study using a systematic sampling technique with a sample size that is 51 respondents. Analysis of data using multiple linear regression t test and F .The results of the analysis produces a value of determination coefficient R = 0.872 and R Square .760, In the t-test probability variables Leadership produce sig 0.000 t table 1.676, t-test probability variables Work Motivation produce sig 0.000 t table 1.676. This study therefore shows that there is no significant influence on Employee Performance Leadership, Motivation Work on the Performance of Employees. While the F test obtained Fhitung76.137 > Ftabel 3.19 or sig 0.000 <0.05. Then the results of the study indicate that there is no significant influence on the Labor Leadership and Motivation Employee Performance PT. Trading Company Indonesia (Persero) Cab. Lampung. Keywords: Leadership, Work Motivation and Performance


Despite the slowing and eventual halting of the spread of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa,1,2 the battle for preventing and managing future outbreaks is still on. This is no time to be complacent. The scale of the outbreak, in which every few days during the early part of the outbreak about the same number of cases accrued as occurred during the entire 3-month outbreak in Gulu, Uganda, in 2000–2001 — previously the largest outbreak on record — prompted us to pull out all the stops, albeit after a slow start.3 Vaccines are a key weapon in our . . .


The notion of a continuous $G$-action on a topological space readily generalizes to that of a continuous $D$-action, where $D$ is any small category. Dror Farjoun and Zabrodsky introduced a generalized notion of orbit, which is key to understanding spaces with continuous $D$-action. We give an overview of the theory of orbits and then prove a generalization of"Elmendorf's Theorem,'' which roughly states that the homotopical data of of a $D$-space is precisely captured by the homotopical data of its orbits.


Source Citation Hardy M, Coulter I, Morton SC, et al. S-adenosyl-L-methionine for treatment of depression, osteoarthritis, and liver disease. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment no. 64. AHRQ publ...


Thiophene Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) has been investigated over rhenium single crystals and polycrystalline foils and was found to be a structure sensitive reaction over these surfaces. Rhenium single crystals are one to six times more active than molybdenum single crystals which is in agreement with previous studies using rhe nium disulfide and molybdenum disulfide catalysts. Adsorbed carbon and sulfur overlayers decrease the activity of the rhenium single crystals, suggesting that the catalyst surfaces remain free of strongly bound deposits of carbon and/or sulfur. The trend in HDS activity measured for the Re catalysts can be explained by con sidering the difference in coordination of the top layer rhenium atoms in the single crystals surfaces.


Tlie embryology of the prostate of rodents has received very little attention. Pallin ( '01) gives a brief description of tlie embryo1og)T of the prostate of tlie rat, accompanied by three -\\-ax recoiistruction models. No other study of the embryology of the prostate of rodents lias been uiitlcrtakcii, except that of Stutzmanii ('98) 011 the prostate of Mus decumans, which is not available t o me. The morphology of the prostate in adult rocleiits is cspecially well treated by Rautlier ('04), who described the three pairs of prostatic lobes in tlie rat, tlie mouse, aiid the guiiieapig. I n a drawing which he gives, tlie difference in gross appearance of tlie differeiit lobes is indicatccl. In order to avoid confusion, I shall designate these three pairs of lobes as proximal, intermediate, aiid distal lobes. Walker ('10) designated the proximal lobes as tlie 'coagulating glaiitls' and the intermediate and distal lobes as anterior and posterior pairs. This distinction is based upon function. Accordiiig to TTalker, ". . . . it is clear that the glandular structure in guinea-pigs and rats, ~ h i c h I have designated as tlie coagulating gland, is not a portion of the prostate, and should not be so named or coiisidered." Homever, from coiisideratioiis to be discussed below, I regard it I .)


Quantum dots a few nanometer in size exhibit unique properties in comparison to bulk due to quantum confinement. Their properties can be tuned according to their sizes. Dye sensitized quantum dot (DSQD) solar cells are based on the same principle with surface dangling bonds as a challenge. Researches have shown the existence and stability of nano-cages which are assembled such as to minimize the surface dangling bonds and hence maximize stability. Here, we report a first principles DFT study of optical and electronic properties of CdS-cage (Cd34S34) sensitized with nkx-2388 dye in three different geometric configurations of dye attachment. A significant distortion is found to occur in the geometric structure of the cage when it interacts strongly with the dye. The relative positioning of dye and cage energy levels is found to be different in different configurations. The absorption spectrum has been analyzed with the help of natural transition orbitals (NTO).


A new technique is described for the design of magnetically tunable filters. With this approach, the resonant sections tune at the same rate enabling maintenance of response shape as center frequency is varied. The filters are minimum-phase structures, realizable with as many poles as required. The design is capable of handling much greater power than single-crystal YIG designs, although the tuning bandwidth is much less.


New year's thoughts and meditations—Again bought by free land—No ambition to be a slave—Kindness no compensation for slavery—Incipient steps toward escape—Considerations leading thereto—Irreconcilable hostility to slavery—Solemn vow taken—Plan divulged to the slaves—Columbian Orator—Scheme gains favor, despite pro-slavery preaching—Danger of discovery—Skill of slaveholders in reading the...


Abstract We study a continuous-time infinite-horizon durable public good game with a tipping point, below which collapsing the stock is optimal. With a payoff function linear in stock and monetary income, and a logistic growth function, we show that a tipping point always exists in the game. We characterize how the equilibrium stock level and the tipping point change under various game structures. Under a dynamic voluntary contribution mechanism (DVCM), both the open-loop equilibrium and the Markov perfect equilibrium (MPE) result in inefficiently low steady states and higher tipping points. A higher stable steady state and a lower tipping point is shown to be supported in MPE as compared to the open-loop solution; the highest stable steady state in MPE approaches the efficient stock level asymptotically as the discount rate approaches zero. Lastly, we extend DVCM introducing a provision point in a dynamic provision point mechanism (DPPM). We characterize a class of MPE of DPPM and show that the most rapid approach path to the socially efficient stock level is supported in a symmetric MPE of DPPM.


ABSTRACT Introduction: A global health project undertaken in Qatar on the Arabian Peninsula immersed undergraduate nursing students in hands-on learning to address the question: what strategies are effective in preventing stillbirth? Worldwide stillbirth estimates of 2.6 million/year (Cousens et al., 2011) and the high rate in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) of 27/1000 total live births provided the stimulus for this inquiry (WHO, 2011). Methods: We used a dual empirical and theoretical approach that combined the principles of evidence-based practice and population health planning. Students were assisted to translate pre-appraised literature based on the 6S hierarchical pyramid of evidence (DiCenso, Bayley & Haynes, 2009). The PRECEDE-PROCEED (P-P) model (Green & Kreuter,2005) served as an organizing template to assemble data extracted from the appraisal of 21 systematic literature reviews ± meta-analyses, 2 synopses of synthesized reports and 9 individual studies summarizing stillbirth prevention strategies in low, middle and high income countries. Consistent with elements of the P-P model, stillbirth prevention strategies were classified as social, epidemiological, educational, ecological, administrative or policy. Results: Ten recommendations with clear evidence of effectiveness in preventing stillbirth in low, middle and/or high income countries were identified (Bhutta et al, 2011). These strategies for stillbirth prevention are depicted on the P-P template in Figure 3. Several other promising interventions were identified with weak, uncertain or inconclusive evidence. These require further rigorous testing. Conclusions: Two complementary paradigms, evidence-based practice and an ecological population health program planning model, helped baccalaureate nursing students transfer research evidence into useable knowledge for practice. They learned the importance of comprehensive assessments and evidence-informed interventions. The multidimensional elements of the P-P model sensitized students to the complex interrelated factors influencing stillbirth and its prevention.


Background: Oropharynx squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) associated with high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) infection represent a distinct clinical and epidemiologic entity, with differences in clinical presentation and treatment outcome when compared to tobacco-associated tumors. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify clinical and molecular factors that can differentiate OPSCC patients into subgroups according to their outcome. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five surgically treated OPSCC samples were included in this study. p16 protein expression was used as a surrogate marker for HR-HPV. The methylation status of 5 genes was evaluated by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). Exons 4-8 of the P53 gene were evaluated by Sanger sequencing and p53 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (clone DO-7). Results: The majority of patients (88%) were male, had advanced disease (80%), and were tobacco users (88%). Twenty percent of the cases were HR-HPV positive and 62.5% presented deleterious P53 mutations, which was moderately concordant with strong p53 protein expression (Kappa value = 0.467; p = 0.022). CCNA1, CDH8, DAPK, PCDH10 , and TIMP3 promoter hypermethylation was observed in 16-36%, of the OPSCC evaluated. DAPK hypermethylation was associated with HPV status (p = 0.023), while CCNA1 methylation was inversely related to p53 mutations in primary tumors (p = 0.042) and associated with a better disease-free survival (22.3% vs. 100%; p = 0.028) and overall survival (8% vs. 100%; p = 0.012). Conclusions: Even though all samples analyzed were of the oropharynx, several differences regarding molecular and clinical characteristics were identified. More cases should be evaluated in order to assess whether the differences identified are able to classify these patients according to their outcome and help in a more thorough patient management. Citation Format: Ana Carolina de Carvalho, Bruna Pereira Sorroche, Matias Eliseo Melendez, Cristina da Silva Sabato, Edenir Inez Palmero, Lidia Maria Rebolho Batista Arantes, Cristovam Scapulatempo Neto, Andre Lopes Carvalho. Clinical and molecular characterization of oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma samples [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference held in cooperation with the Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG) on Translational Cancer Medicine; May 4-6, 2017; Sao Paulo, Brazil. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A36.


This paper tries to resolve some of the main shortcomings in the empirical literature of location decisions for new plants, i.e. spatial effects and overdispersion. Spatial effects are omnipresent, being a source of overdispersion in the data as well as a factor shaping the functional relationship between the variables that explain a firm's location decisions. Using Count Data models, empirical researchers have dealt with overdispersion and excess zeros by developments of the Poisson regression model. This study aims to take this a step further, by adopting Bayesian methods and models in order to tackle the excess of zeros, spatial and non-spatial overdispersion and spatial dependence simultaneously. Data for Catalonia is used and location determinants are analysed to that end. The results show that spatial effects are determinant. Additionally, overdispersion is descomposed into an unstructured iid effect and a spatially structured effect. Keywords: Bayesian Analysis, Spatial Models, Firm Location. JEL Classification: C11, C21, R30.


A model for the spread of a herpes-type infection in either human or animal populations is developed and analyzed qualitatively. Incorporated in the model is a harvesting parameter for the case of animal populations. This parameter is set to zero for human populations.


An object of the present invention is to provide the target, the clamping and the shielding of the isolated zone on the end block so as to obtain long processing times with maximum electric power of work and without influencing the use of the target material. That is why there is provided a magnetron system which includes an end block which has a target attachment device for rotational coupling of a target of tbular shape, a retainer for a magnet system disposed within the tubular-shaped target and a shield that covers the end of a tubular-shaped target mounted in the target attachment device, the shielding area overlying the end of the tubular-shaped target being configured in such a way that the annular gap remaining between the tubular target and the shield has at least, from the outside, a radially outwardly extending portion.


Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) solution was manufactured and injected. In vivo sustained release of BSA-FITC from the SIS gels was observed.


MBC determinations for CEM-101, telithromycin (TEL) and clarithromycin (CLA) used CLSI methods for 40 strains (6 species groups). KC used 8 strains (6 species groups). PAE was tested (5 strains) at 4x concentration for 1 or 2 hours exposure; TEL control. Drug interaction (synergy) tests were performed by checkerboard on 20 strains (S. aureus [SA], 7; β-streptococci [BSA] 6; S. pneumoniae [SPN] 7, see Table).