Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been recently reported to play a variety of vital roles in organ and tissue damage repair, mainly via potent paracrine activity, including secreting extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, that serve as mediators facilitating intercellular communication and reprogramming recipient cells by delivering their contents to target cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are diverse and complex, and the influencing characteristics have rarely been studied. Accordingly, we designed this study to explore the time dependence of the effects of exosomes derived from BMSCs (BMexos) on renal ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanisms associated with the reperfusion time. Impressively, our study is the first to find that BMexos protected against renal I/R injury in vitro and in vivo at the very early reperfusion stages, especially 4–8 h after reperfusion in vitro and 8–16 h after reperfusion in vivo. Interestingly, we simultaneously found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was significantly suppressed following the administration of BMexos in vitro and in vivo with a similar time dependence. Additionally, we discovered that miR‐199a‐5p, which was abundant in the BMSCs, was transferred into renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK‐52E) in a time‐dependent manner and significantly inhibited I/R‐induced ER stress by targeting binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP). Cocultivation with miR‐199a‐5p‐overexpressing BMSCs amplified the suppression of ER stress and further protected against I/R injury. However, coculture with miR‐199a‐5p‐knockdown BMSCs obviously increased ER stress and reversed the BMexos‐induced protection, and silencing BIP by small interfering RNA–1098 in NRK‐52E inhibited these effects. This study provides evidence that administering BMexos at the very early reperfusion stages significantly protects against renal I/R injury, and ER stress is closely linked to this protection. These results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy during the very early reperfusion stages of renal I/R injury.—Wang, C., Zhu, G., He, W., Yin, H., Lin, F., Gou, X., Li, X. BMSCs protect against renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury by secreting exosomes loaded with miR‐199a‐5p that target BIP to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress at the very early reperfusion stages. FASEB J. 33, 5440–5456 (2019). www.fasebj.org


Schizophrenia (SZ) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder manifested in early adulthood. Disrupted‐In‐Schizophrenia‐1 (DISC1) is a promising candidate gene for SZ, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its role in the pathogenesis of the disease is still poorly understood. Caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) is a cholesterol‐binding and plasma membrane scaffolding protein implicated in neuronal signal transduction and plasticity. Here we examined the role of CAV1 in mediating DISC1 expression in neurons in vitro and the hippocampus in vivo.


Target audience: Physicists and clinicians who are interested in brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Purpose: N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), a dipeptide neurotransmitter, is often measured by LCModel fitting of short echo-time (TE) PRESS (point-resolved spectroscopy) spectra. The accuracy and precision of NAAG measurements are often limited because the NAAG singlet at 2.05 ppm overlaps with the n-acetylaspartate (NAA) singlet at 2.01 ppm and the NAAG multiplet at 2.19 ppm is buried by other signals. In this work, we optimize the TEs of the PRESS sequence to improve NAAG detection at 7T. In addition, we develop a water reference deconvolution algorithm to enhance spectral resolution by reducing lineshape distortions due to B0 inhomogeneities and residual eddy currents. Methods: TE optimization: Density matrix simulations, programmed using the GAMMA C++ library, were conducted to optimize TE1 and TE2 of a PRESS sequence for the detection of NAAG at 7T. It was found that TE1 = 26 ms and TE2 = 72 ms generate optimal NAAG signal. At these TEs, the multiplet of NAAG glutamate moiety at 2.19 ppm becomes a well defined positive peak, which benefits NAAG quantification. Meanwhile, the C4 proton multiplet of Glu at 2.35 ppm is a narrow peak with high amplitude. In addition, the C3 proton multiplet signals of Glu between 1.95 2.2 ppm are very small, thus minimizing interference to the detection of NAAG signals. The effects of other low concentration metabolites (e.g. glutamine, glutathione, and γ-Aminobutyric acid) on NAAG quantification are negligible at this set of TEs. Water reference deconvolution: Wiener filtering can be incorporated into QUALITY (Quantification Improvement by Converting Lineshapes to the Lorentzian Type) [1] for water reference lineshape correction [2,3]. The corrected free decay induction (FID) signal FID'(t) is given by: FID'(t) = FID(t) W(t) S(t) / (|W(t)|S(t) + σ), where FID(t) is the FID before deconvolution; W(t) is the water reference signal divided by the T2 decay curve of water; W(t) is the complex conjugate of W(t); σ is the noise variance in FID(t); S(t) is the mean squared magnitude of the ideal distortion-free signal, which needs to be estimated. The original Wiener filtering method uses |W(t)| as S(t). To minimize errors in NAA and NAAG measurements, we propose to use the squared magnitude of the ideal T2 decay curve as the ideal signal: S(t) = [2 AreaNAA exp(-t/T2NAA)], where AreaNAA is the area of the NAA peak in the spectrum reconstructed from the uncorrected signal FID(t) and T2NAA is the estimated T2 value of NAA. A factor of 2 was multiplied to AreaNAA according to ref. [4]. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to compare the performances of the original and the new method. The density matrix simulated FIDs of NAA, NAAG, Glu, creatine (Cr), and choline (Cho) were multiplied by trial concentration values and T2 decay curves to generate the ideal FID. The trial concentration values for NAA, NAAG, Glu, Cr, and Cho were 13, 2.6, 10, 10, and 3, respectively. The trial T2 value of NAA was set to 130 ms according to the literature [5]. This ideal FID is distorted by 3-dimensional linear and quadratic B0 inhomogeneities and added with random noise to simulate a realistic metabolite FID. The water reference signal was also generated with the same B0 inhomogeneities. The FID was lineshape corrected using the two different methods. To test the new method for tolerance to T2NAA estimation error, T2NAA values of 100 ms and 160 ms, along with the trial value of 130 ms, were used to compute S(t). The reconstructed spectra were fitted by a linear combination of the basis spectra of NAA, NAAG, Glu, Cr, and Cho to quantify the metabolite concentrations. This whole process was repeated 100 times with the same spatial B0 inhomogeneities and same level but different realizations of random noise. In vivo experiments: Eight normal volunteers (one woman and seven men; aged 20 39 years), who gave informed consent in accordance with procedures approved by local institutional review board, were scanned on a Siemens 7T scanner equipped with a 32-channel receiver head coil. The voxels were all located in the white matter of the right frontal lobe of the subjects. The PRESS sequence had TR = 2.5 s, TE1 = 26 ms, TE2 = 72 ms, voxel size = 2×2×2 cm, spectral width = 4000 Hz, number of data points = 2048, and number of averages = 128. Water suppression was accomplished using eight RF pulses which had ~350 Hz bandwidth. In addition, eight interleaved unsuppressed water acquisitions were performed, one after every 16 watersuppressed acquisitions. The 32-channel data were combined into a single FID by a generalized least square method and then lineshape corrected using the new Wiener filtering method. The NAA, NAAG, and Glu signals were quantified using a linear combination fitting program. Results: Simulation results are shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1. The new Wiener filtering method clearly shows the NAA-NAAG singlet split and also correctly reconstructed the NAAG peak at 2.19 ppm, whereas the original Wiener filtering method generates large spectral artifacts and does not resolve the NAAG singlet. The proposed method offers significantly lower error in NAAG quantification, and is not sensitive to the T2NAA value used to estimate the ideal signal. The spectrum and fitting results from one volunteer are plotted in Fig. 2. The NAA-NAAG split is clearly shown in the reconstructed spectrum. The mean value of NAAG/NAA in the eight normal volunteers is 0.22±0.04 with Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) being (0.9±0.2)%. The mean value of Glu/NAA is 0.55±0.04 with CRLB being (1.2±0.1)%. Discussion and Conclusion: Simulation results demonstrate that the new Wiener filtering method offers higher spectral resolution, smaller spectral artifacts, and higher accuracy in NAAG quantification compared to the original Wiener filtering method. The in vivo spectra results confirm that proposed TE optimized PRESS and the new Wiener filtering method lead to improved spectral resolution and accuracy in measuring NAAG. References: 1. de Graaf AA, et al., MRM 1990;13:343–357. 2. Bhat H, et al., JMR 2006;183:110-122. 3. Dong Z, et al., JMRI 2009;29:1395-1405. 4. Starcuk Z, et al., JMR 1994;108:177-188. 5. Marjanska M, et al., NMR Biomed 2012;25:332-339 Fig. 1. Comparison of spectral resolution of the original and new Wiener filtering method using simulated data.


The paper is devoted to developing the theory of parametric excitation of electromagnetic waves propagating across the axis of symmetry in cylindrical waveguides partially filled with isotropic plasma. The problem is studied theoretically in the fluid approximation and expressions for the wave fields are derived from Maxwell's equations. The azimuthally non-symmetric electromagnetic waves propagate in the form of wave packets which are approximately described by the main azimuthal harmonic and two nearest satellite temporal harmonics. The boundary condition, which is cast in a nonlinear form, describes the flowing of a surface current on the plasma interface. This condition allows one to derive an infinite set of equations for harmonics of the tangential electric field of azimuthally non-symmetric surface waves. The dependence of the growth rate of the parametric instability of these waves on parameters of the plasma-filled waveguide and alternating electric field is studied both analytically and numerically.


Amyloid &bgr;-peptide (A&bgr;) accumulation in aged Sprague–Dawley rats (12 months) with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus was investigated by A&bgr;(1–40) and A&bgr;(1–42) immunohistochemistry at 2, 6 and 10 weeks after induction. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 transporting A&bgr; across the blood–brain barrier was assayed. Age-matched controls showed some positive A&bgr; staining, mainly in the choroid plexus. At 2 weeks after induction, A&bgr; staining of the arachnoid and subependymal layer was observed. At 6 weeks, larger A&bgr; accumulations were prominent at the endothelial and perivascular sites. Intraparenchymal A&bgr; positively stained accumulations occurred at 10 weeks. Microvessel lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 staining was progressively reduced from 2 to 10 weeks. The pattern of A&bgr; deposition and lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 loss suggests reduced A&bgr; clearance in chronic hydrocephalus.


The main influence factors on reliability of PLC control system are analyzed,and the effective measures to improve the reliability of PLC control system are explained in the aspect of hardware and software.


The lack of driving ability is one weakness of single-flux-quantum (SFQ) devices. At present, pulse splitters, which generate double or triple flux quanta from an SFQ input, are used when multiple-flux quanta (MFQ) must be obtained from an SFQ input. However, the splitter-based MFQ driver requires a very large circuit area and high latency. In order to overcome these problems, we investigated an MFQ driver using under-damped Josephson junctions. The advantage of the proposed MFQ driver is its current driving ability. The proposed MFQ driver can be used as a bit-line driver in an SFQ memory or as an output driver in a current-recycling system, which requires a large gain. The proposed MFQ driver was implemented using the ISTEC 2.5 kA/cm2 Nb standard process (STP2), and its driving ability was investigated. We obtained a histogram of the output pulse number of the MFQ driver as a function of the bias current. In addition, we examined the propagation delay of the MFQ driver through circuit simulations. The results indicate that the MFQ driver can generate MFQ from an SFQ input more rapidly than splitter-based MFQ drivers.


Impact of precision feeding with feed management software was assessed for whole farm nutrient balance (WFNB) and feeding management from January through December 2006. Nine treatment and six control farms were selected in four regions of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed of Virginia. Herd sizes averaged 271 and 390 lactating cows for treatment and control farms while milk yield averaged 30 and 27 kg/d per lactating cow, respectively. Crop hectares grown averaged 309 and 310 ha for treatment and control farms, respectively. Treatment farms purchased and installed feed management software (TMR Tracker, Digi-Star LLC, Fort Atkinson WI) between May and October 2006 and received more frequent feed analysis and feedback. Data were collected for calendar year 2005 and 2006 to compute WFNB using software from the University of Nebraska. On treatment farms, up to five feed samples were obtained monthly from individual feedstuffs and each total mixed ration (TMR) fed to lactating cows. Control farms submitted TMR samples every 2 mo. Standard wet chemistry analysis of samples was performed. Data stored in the software were collected monthly from each treatment farm concurrent with feed sampling. Producers from each treatment farm participated in a 24-question personal interview in December 2006 addressing installation, operation, and satisfaction with the software. Daily feeding deviation of all ingredients across


Abstract The isosteric phosphono analogue of α-L-rhamnose 1-phosphate has been stereo-selectively synthesized by reaction of 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-L-rhamnose with tetraethyl methylenediphosphonate and sodium hydride in diglyme, followed by deprotection with iodotrimethylsilane. To synthesize stereoselectively the isosteric phosphono analogue of β-L-fucose 1-phosphate, 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-L-fuconolactone was treated with lithiated dimethyl methylenephosphonate, and the 3,4,5-tri-O-benzyl-1, 7-dideoxy-l-(phosphonodimethyl)-L-galactoheptulopyranose obtained was stereoselectively reduced with triethyl-silane and boron trifluoride etherate to affcrd the dimethyl (2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-β-L-fucopyranosyl)methanephosphonate which was finally deprotected with iodotrimethyl-silane.


Developing the west provides a chance and a challenge for the minority nationality regions. The policy should be regularized by the law and regulation, the contradiction of adverse interests in the development of the west should be surmounted in order to narrow the gap between the minority nationality regions and the east and other regions of the west. In this thesis the author presents that the legislation which to promote the development of economy in the minority nationality regions should make emphasis on enhancing the economic autonomy and preferential policies that the governmental departments of higher level make.


Historically viewed as a disruption by teachers, cell phones have been banned from 69% of classrooms (Common Sense Media, 2009). The increased ubiquity and instructional features of cell phones have prompted some teachers to re-evaluate the ban and consider the benefits associated with allowing cell phones in the classroom. This study surveyed 79 teachers to determine their perceptions of using cell phones for classroom instruction. Findings indicated that the majority (69%) of teachers support the use of cell phones in the classroom and were presently using them for school-related work. Teachers identified student engagement and motivation as the primary benefits; barriers included lack of access and class disruption.


The use of Kantian schemata as valuable theoretical elements (constructs) in the explication of our cognitive architecture has been for some time a recurring topic in the philosophy of mind. The relevancy of schemas and processes of schematization as organizing principles of language structures has been repeatedly pointed out in linguistic theory, especially within the framework of cognitive linguistics. In this paper we discuss how Kant's notion of the schematization of the mind, as discussed in his Critique of Pure Reason, i.e. the central notion of the schema, provides us with relevant insights into a novel critical approach to schematization in linguistics. At the same time, we strive to show that linguistic analyses provide a corroboration and enrichment of Kant's theoretical philosophy by means of linguistic data, reinforcing Kant's position with linguistic arguments and thus making him relevant in contemporary linguistic discussions.


Biotechnology has a long tradition of safety in use. Since the advent of gene technology, risk controversies have dominated its development. In this paper, the risk potential of contained applications is discussed. The analysis of typical features of bioprocesses shows that the organisms involved may be relevant as the cause of hazards. Because biological hazard identification is central to the risk assessment, the corresponding approach is outlined and the circumstances in which biological hazards become a matter of concern are discussed. Safety management is based on an increasing tightness of the containment with respect to an accidental release of organisms. It is essential to note that the overwhelming number of biotechnology applications involve organisms with no hazard potential. A case study of an accidental release of a hazardous organism is used to illustrate the nature and extent of the damage potential.


This paper is a case study on the development and subsequent modifications to an Information Security/Cybersecurity academic program at a small, four year, Liberal Arts College. The courses and content are described as well as changes to them over an seven year period, responding to changes in this field. The curriculum is compared to the NICE framework.


Gromov-hyperbolic graphs (or, hyperbolic graphs for short) are a non-trivial interesting classes of "non-expander" graphs. Originally conceived by Gromov in 1987 in a different context while studying fundamental groups of a Riemann surface, the hyperbolicity measure for graphs has recently been a quite popular measure in the network science community in quantifying "curvature" and "closeness to a tree topology" for a given network, and many real-world networks have been empirically observed to be hyperbolic.
In this paper, we provide constructive non-trivial bounds on node expansions and cut-sizes for hyperbolic graphs, and show that witnesses for such non-expansion or cut-size can in fact be computed efficiently in polynomial time. We also provide some algorithmic consequences of these bounds and their related proof techniques for a few problems related to cuts and paths for hyperbolic graphs, such as the existence of a large family of s-t cuts with small number of cut-edges when s and t are at least logarithmically far apart, efficient approximation of hitting sets of size-constrained cuts, and a polynomial-time solution for a type of small-set expansion problem originally proposed by Arora, Barak and Steurer.


The invention discloses a precise flow controller for portable equipment. The precise flow controller comprises a gas inlet, a proportional control valve, a control component, a gas outlet, a flow sensor, a gas circuit structural module and a mounting base. The gas circuit structural module is communicated with a small gas buffer chamber, and the mounting base is provided with a porous filter. Gas inflows through the gas inlet and flows into the small gas buffer chamber through the porous filter, is sent to the proportional control valve via a discharge end of the small gas buffer chamber, and then is controlled and regulated by the proportional control valve to be delivered via the gas outlet. The precise flow controller has the advantages of simple structure, small size, wide application range and the like.


Let G be a connected reductive linear algebraic group defined over the finite field Fq, with corresponding Frobenius map F. We assume that G has connected centre Z and that the characteristic p is good for G. If H is a closed subgroup of G, H will denote its group of Fq-rational points, for a finite group H, a complex irreducible character is p-regular if p does not divide its degree; mp(H) is the number of such characters. It was shown in [2] that if B is an F-stable Borel subgroup of G, then mp(B) = mp(G), verifying a special case of Alperin's conjecture for finite groups. Ohmori [3] has shown that the Z Iq' (where I is the semisimple rank of G) p-regular characters of G all have Schur index one, i.e. can be realized in their field of characters. In this note we prove the corresponding result for p-regular characters of B, viz:


Neuroscience contributes to the development of ability in any human body in the compound of seminal 21 society,its contents in the remarkable multidisciplinary field, knowing how the brain functions and the systemic nervoussystem reaction reacts is essential for the development of any activity be it cognitive or theory physical importanceEnsuring the proper functioning of the brain's functional process is paramount to the longevity of this argue. So, itmakes it necessary to understand how it works.


Aims and Objectives: To study the demographic distribution and histomorphological variations of Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens in regard to tumour site, size, type, grade, marginal status, lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion (PNI) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). This study will also highlight the incidental pathological lesions occurring in Whipple's specimens. Hence it will further facilitate to analyse the prognostic significance of all these parameters in order to co-relate the overall spectrum of these cases.
Study Design and Place of Study: An observational retrospective time bound descriptive study conducted at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna after approval of ethical committee.
Materials and Methods: A total of 150 Whipple's resection specimens received in the Department of Pathology, IGIMS, Patna from January 2015 to December 2020 were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criterias. Details were collected from histopathology request forms and hospital record sheets. Gross and microscopic features were analysed and recorded. Slides were reviewed and the parameters were calculated.
Results: Statistical analysis showed that out of 150 Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens, 141 (94%) cases were malignant tumours, 6(4%) cases had low malignant potential and 3 (2%) cases were of benign nature. Periampullary carcinomas were the predominant malignant tumours (78.66%), followed by ampullary carcinomas (14%) and pancreatic endocrine tumours (1.33%). Tumours with low malignant potential were constituted by SPN (solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas) (2.67%), GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumours) (0.67%) and mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas (0.67%). Mean age incidence was 49.57 years with a male to female sex ratio of 1.4:1. Most of the malignant tumours (more than 75%) were moderately differentiated and were in stage 2 category. Out of the total 141 malignant tumours, 71 (50.35%) cases showed LVI, 50 (35.46%) cases had PNI and 84 (81.67%) had tumour deposits in the lymph nodes.
Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the importance of tumour grade, tumour stage, presence of LVI, PNI, positive margins and lymph node metastasis as strong prognostic factors for patient survival. This is well corroborated by the significant P value in our study. Most of our cases were diagnosed at a locally advanced stage. Hence a more precise assessment and clinical evaluation can lead to early detection of cancer, improving the survival rates.


The current financial model of the care home market is not sustainable, argues Helena Frankova. She addresses the problems faced by the sector and how both government and care home operators can do more to fill the funding gap


The field of electronics is trending with miniaturization and reduction in the threshold voltage. In this paper, we dealt with the efficient use of die area and optimum usage of power. This paper shows the contrast between "conventional MUX" and "MUX using NMOS transistors" and accentuates the advantages of the latter. The conventional 4:1 MUX consisted of a total of four AND gates and few inverters which made it occupy more die area but in this paper we have presented the design of 4:1 MUX which occupies less area on the die. Multiplexer is a device which works on the principle of MISO (Multiple Input Single Output).


We have construkted a remotcontrol for boatsearchlights. The prototype is devolept for Fixonomen AB, a small company from Halmstad in the southwest of Sweden. The wireless link consists of an radi ...


We have developed an application for use in the production of digital video broadcasts. This application, the Software Video Production Switcher, is an extensible application that is used to manage a set of continuous video inputs in realtime. The switcher takes these video inputs and performs user-directed actions to produce a single output video stream. These actions include simple cuts between video streams, more complex video transitions, and special video effects. The output stream can then be broadcast onto a network and received by remote viewer applications for playback.


How many young people in Australia attend a church? The question is a simple one. Obtaining an accurate answer is not. The following discussion demonstrates some of the issues in achieving reliable information in research.


Abstract 695 [][1]

Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) is an inherited disease associated with defects of lymphocyte apoptosis leading to lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity. The majority of ALPS patients have mutations in the FAS gene. MRL/lpr−/− (lpr) mice are used as a model for ALPS and are homozygous for FAS mutations, presenting with massive lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly associated with hypergammaglobulinemia, glomerulonephritis, and expansion of a rare population of TCR ab+CD4−CD8− (Double-negative, DN) T cells that are characteristic of ALPS. Currently, there are no proven therapies for the lymphoproliferation underlying ALPS besides immunosuppressive agents like high dose steroids and rapamycin. ABT-737 is a BH3 mimetic agent that binds and inactivates anti-apoptotic proteins of the BCL-2 family such as BCL-XL and BCL-2. An oral equivalent to this drug, Navitoclax, is currently being tested in Phase 1 studies for the treatment of diverse tumors. ABT-737 is potentially of interest for the treatment of ALPS, given that it directly activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, independent of the FAS pathway. We tested the BH3 mimetic ABT-737, with and without dexamethasone, in the lpr mouse model as a potential therapeutic agent for the lymphoproliferative disease. Lpr mice (N=30) were treated daily via IP injections with dexamethasone (4mg/kg) plus ABT-737 (50mg/kg) (Dex+ABT-737), dexamethasone alone (Dex), ABT-737 alone (ABT-737) or vehicle only (VEH) for 8 weeks. Vehicle treated mice developed very severe lymphoproliferation, with mean lymph node (LN) and spleen (SPL) weights of 750 mg and 465 mg, respectively. Cellularity reached LN= 85×106 cells; SPL=290×106 cells. Dex+ABT-737 treated mice had the greatest reduction in lymph node and spleen weights (final weight of 101 mg, p<0.0001; and 213 mg, p<0.005, respectively) and cellularity (LN=4×106, SPL=63×106, p<0.001), followed by ABT-737 alone (LN 453 mg, p=0.02; SPL 118 mg, p=ns; LN=20×106, p=0.001; SPL= 118×106, p=0.01), then Dex (LN 542 mg, p=ns; SPL 450mg, p=ns; LN 45×106, p=ns; SPL 241×106, p=ns). Although lymphoid cellularity was significantly lower with treatment, there was no bone marrow toxicity based on cell numbers. Additionally, there were significant reductions in DNT cells in the spleen, lymph nodes and blood with Dex+ABT-737 (p<0.005) and ABT-737 only (p<0.01) compared to vehicle. The DNT cells also appeared to be more sensitive to treatment as they were reduced to a greater extent than CD4, CD8 or B cells. ABT-737 was also able to kill patient derived EBV-transformed B cell lines in vitro , through induction of uncoupling of BAX and BAK from BCL-XL and consequent activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis with release of cytochrome c and AIF. These studies provide the first evidence for the utility of this class of drugs in the treatment of a non-malignant lymphoproliferative disorder.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: #fn-2


CATHERINE M. CAMERON received her Ph.D. in 1982 from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She is an anthropologist specializing in tourism studies and expressive culture, particularly twentieth-century American experimental music. Since 1983, she has taught at Cedar Crest College in Allentown, Pennsylvania, where she is an associate professor in the Department of Social Sciences. For the past fifteen years, Dr. Cameron has been studying cultural tourism and economic revitalization in Bethlehem and the larger Lehigh Valley. Cameron can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com. JOHN B. GATEWOOD is an anthropologist (Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1978) specializing in cognitive anthropology, fisheries, and research methods. Currently, he is a professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He has worked with Dr. Cameron on local community development issues for the past several years. Gatewood can be reached firstname.lastname@example.com. The authors would like to thank two undergraduate students, Patricia Marnien and Jennifer Hunt, for administering the survey and Cedar Crest College for a faculty development grant in support of this work. They also thank the late Jerry Bastoni (Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor), Beverly Sheppard (formerly of the Chester County Historical


The combinative energy between two structural blocks in La 2 - x M x CuO 4 (M=Ba,Sr), with different M concentration, has been calculated with holes in different positions in the CuO 2 planes on the basis of a block model. The relationship between the combinative energy and superconductivity has been investigated. The results indicate that there is an interesting correlation among the combinative energy, the T c value, and the positions of the doped holes, which are originated from the substitution of Ba 2 + or Sr 2 + for La 3 + . Although there are some similarities in correlation between La 2 - x Ba x CuO 4 (0.03<x<0.25) and La 2 - x Sr x CoO 4 (0.075≤x≤0.3), there are also some notable differences which may be originated from different properties of the substituted elements: barium and strontium. The results not only suggest that the interaction between perovskite-type and rocksalt-type blocks plays an essential role in high-T c superconductivity, but also give us some clues of the influence of the position of the holes within the CuO 2 plane.


Purpose
In October 2020, Vietnam was repeatedly hit by large storms, including Linfa, Nangka, Saudel and Molave, causing heavy rains and whirlwinds in the Central provinces of Vietnam. The heavy rain led to severe flooding in many localities. The water levels on major rivers broke records of historical flood events in 1950, 1979, 1999, 2007, 2010 and 2016. In response, this paper aims to quantify the impacts of 2020 flooding to support flood risk management activities and the relief agencies that can use the analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
This study demonstrates an approach to quickly map flood impacts on population, schools, health-care facilities, agriculture, transportation and business facilities and assess flood risks using available data and spatial analysis techniques.

Findings
The results show that all districts of Quang Binh were affected by the event, in which 1,014 residential areas, 70 schools, 13 health-care facilities, 32,558 ha of agriculture lands, 402 km road length, 29 km railway, 35 bridges on roads and 239 business facilities were exposed within flooded areas.

Research limitations/implications
This study is limited to direct or tangible impacts, including flooded residential areas, schools, health-care facilities, agriculture land categories, road networks and business facilities. Indirect or intangible impacts such as health, flood pollution and business disruption should be considered in further studies.

Practical implications
These detailed impact maps can support decision-makers and local authorities in implementing recovery activities, allocating relief and devoting human resources and developing flood risk management action plans and land-use planning in the future.

Social implications
This study investigates the context of flood impacts on population, schools, health-care facilities, agriculture, transportation and business facilities. Based on this research, decision-makers can better understand how to support affected communities and target the most at risk people with interventions.

Originality/value
This paper presents a framework to quantify the impacts of the 2020 extreme flood event using available data and spatial analysis techniques in support of flood risk management activities.


Flexible bearing supports may have a great influence in the calculation of forced response and stability of rotor systems. However, this effect is not always included in rotor analyses since an accurate model of the foundation and pedestals may be difficult and costly to obtain. It is common practice to use either a one degree of freedom model or a full modal analysis to represent the bearing supports. While the one degree of freedom model is easy to set up for computer calculations, it often requires experience to determine values for the stiffness, mass and damping of the model that will accurately represent the support under study. This model, however, fails to capture the dynamics of the system for stability analyses when more than one mode of the support structure is in the range of interest. On the other hand, modal representation provides much more information and can be measured experimentally, but requires measurement of the mode shapes. Even though modal representation can include all the dynamics of the system in the frequency range of interest, it provides much more information than is required for calculation of the rotor response and it is more difficult to use in calculation programs. This paper presents a procedure to include the support characteristics using transfer functions. Transfer functions permit modeling of multi-degree of freedom systems while maintaining the size of a one degree of freedom system (2×2 matrix if rotation at the bearing is not considered). Another advantage of transfer functions is that they can be obtained from existing discrete models, from modal information or can be measured directly. The fixed size of the transfer function matrix permits the method to be easily incorporated into rotor dynamic stability and forced response programs. The method is applied to stability calculations of models of typical industrial machines.© 1998 ASME


The essence of tourism is movement of people to areas with attractive tourist values, located beyond the area of their place of residence. Transport services are thus basic tourist services and are commonly regarded as a dynamic factor affecting tourism and its service. The purpose of the study is identification of factors affecting the choice of means transport by tourists, and also the analysis of tourism and use of means of transport by national tourists in the years 2007-2011, both in national trips and abroad. An additional aim is to analyze changes in passenger air traffic in the years 2007-2011, as well as in other branches of transport. The adopted research period will enable looking at changes occurring in demand for tourist transport services in conditions of economic crisis. Research area is Poland. Under incurred tourist expenses, transport is one of most important points. Economic crisis unquestionably affects the size and structure of tourism and tourist expenses. Therefore, results of the conducted research will allow assessment on how economic crisis affects tourism and selection of means of transport.


This paper provides an explanation for the existence of child labour which relies on the imperfect enforcement of compulsory schooling laws. In the presence of complementarities in the production of human capital that justify legislative intervention, mandatory measures ensure that coordination failures are solved so that all parents send their children to school and the socially optimal equilibrium is reached. However, if enforcement of legislation is too low, multiple equilibria emerge. In this case, compulsory schooling laws may have adverse welfare effects on all households.


In order to select the route of Tonggu channel, the sediment transport in Tonggu sea area has been conducted for both natural condition and after the completion of Tonggu channel project. Not only did the results of physical and mathematical models verify the feasibility of the project, but also provide the plan to select the route.


Objective To study the diagnos tic value of mammography, color Dopp ler ultrasound and biopsy in early breast cancer and to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy. Methods 55 patients with breast cancer an d 25 patients with benign breast masses, proved pathologically, were checked by mammogra phy, color Doppler ultrasound and biopsy. Results Mammography demonstrated bre ast cancer in 45 cases, the sensitivity and specificity were 82.0% and 88.0%, re spectively, with the accuracy of 83.8%; Color Doppler ultrasound revealed breas t cancer in 43 cases, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 78.2%, 84 .0% and 80.0%; Biopsy demonstrated breast cancer in 53 cases, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 96.4%, 92.0% and 95.0%. When ultrasound, mammagrap hy and biopsy were combined together, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 98.2%, 96.0% and 97.5%. Conclusion Mammography, color Dopp ler ultrasound combined with biopsy can increase the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of ear ly breast cancers.


Laser produced plasmas have shown to be extremely bright sources of soft X-ray emission with many applications in research and industry. They can provide useful X-ray radiation from 0.1 keV to 5 keV. However, the conversion efficiency in a given X-ray energy range depends on the laser and target parameters. Previous studies have shown the influence of target atomic number and laser intensity at 1.06 μm and 0.26 μm on X-ray conversion efficiency. In this paper, we present the evolution of the conversion efficiency as a function of different parameters such as laser wavelength, pulse duration and pulse shape. Experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations obtained with an hydrodynamic code including radiation transport. We have studied separately the X-ray emission-in the subkeV (0.1-0.75 keV) and in the keV (0.75-2 keV) range. For example, the subkeV emission is relevant to X-ray microscopy since it falls within the so-called "water window" which corresponds to wavelengths between the oxygen and carbon K-edges (23-44 Å). For X-ray lithography, keV X-rays are more appropriate than subkeV X-rays since they allow greater transmission through mask substrates. Moreover, they produce less diffraction effect on proximity printing.


Comminuted" mandibular fracture occurs when a high-energy impact on mandibular or different or multiple regions is applied, with disrupted lines of the lower jaw. Cartographic mapping of the maxillofacial complex should be carefully analyzed by a physician, because the diagnosis is difficult to be established due to facial edema masquerading the clinical features, and in most of the cases abnormal bite. We describe a case of extensively complex comminuted mandibular fracture in symphyseal and parasymphyseal area treated with open reduction, internal fixation and reconstruction in a 20-year-old male patient. Reestablishing function, anatomy and aesthetics were the primary postsurgical goals regarding treatment modality. Immediate blood control was achieved and sound bone healing was confirmed in the second step surgery via extraoral surgery with anatomical landmarks. Surgical technique regarding fracture repositioning avoiding neurovascular damage and minimal facial scaring resulted with satisfactory occlusion. A follow-up period of 3 months did not show any changes, disadvantages and differences regarding treatment. We have concluded and once again established that the existing and future surgical practice needs to undergo some changes according to proposed algorithms at the time of Covid19 infection.


Anterior displacement of the fractured lateral end of the clavicle is an unusual lesion regardless of the age group. We are reporting a case of an eleven-year-old patient who presented a Salter and Harris type II epiphyseal fracture of the internal end of the clavicle with anterior displacement. The follow-up period was 9 months. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion and imaging tests, being CT scan particularly useful. Performed treatment is compared with other ones published. Conservative treatment with a Velpeau bandage gave excellent results. Differential diagnosis with other injuries at this location is presented, especially with pure sternoclavicular dislocation. A review of the literature is made.


Abstract. Recent epidemiological surveys have indicated that alcoholics exhibit increased incidences of a variety of cancers. We have investigated, as a possible contributing factor to carcinogenesis in this population, the effect of chronic ethanol consumption on metabolic activation of procarcinogens by microsomes isolated from lungs and small intestine. These tissues are major sites through which procarcinogens enter the body and are also potential sites of procarcinogen metabolism.


In the ICD document,which has recently been claimed by Galileo,CBOC(6,1,1/11) signal will be adopted in L1 band.Therefore,it is significant to study the characteristics of the CBOC signal and the tracking algorithm for the design of CBOC receiver.Besides,Compass II will also be prepared to adopt to transmit BOC signal.Therefore,research to the new CBOC signal will contribute to our own satellite navigation system.In this paper,the generation,the auto-correlation characteristic and the Power spectral density of the CBOC signal are discussed and compared to the traditional BOC signal.According to the characteristics of the signal,we focus on the TM61 algorithm,which is adopted for CBOC(6,1,1/11) signal.Finally we suggest the best algorithm for industrial realization according to different radio frequency bandwidth of the receivers.


The article discusses the main problems of the contemporary history of historiography. The author states that the greatest problem of historiography in the 21st century is big data. The next important issue are the test methods for big data. One of the paradigms, which att empts to explore the world of big data, is digital history. Therefore, the methods of digital history are presented, including its primary method which is data visualization. Finally, the author argues that big data should become the main subject of study of the modern history of historiography.


The question of tradition,* its nature as well as the binding power it might have, was formulated in a most precise and ideal manner at the beginning of the modern age. This occurred in the course of a remarkable and rather dramatic episode in the history of ideas in which several important characters of the time took part, Galileo, Descartes, and Pascal. Pascal did more than take part. At the age of twenty-four he attempted a critical estimate of the sum total of historical knowledge by clearly defining tradition with respect to the range and limits of its validity. This thesis can be found in a short dissertation bearing a title which at first glance looks rather strange: "Fragment of a Preface for a Tract on Empty Space" —the tract itself was never written.


The presence of silicate and glass-forming frit in the recycle waste from the Defense Waste Processing Facility produces wastes that when combined with the traditional aluminate-bearing wastes stored in H-Tank farm can produce insoluble sodium aluminosilicates. Treatment to remove the silicon has been proposed to allow greater flexibility for processing these wastes in the Site's evaporators. The use of a ferric precipitation (flocculation) to remove the silicon has been tested using waste simulants.


ABSTRACT The relationship between dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular disease is well documented. However, it is relevant to consider that cholesterol levels vary with age. Moreover, there is some controversy regarding the ability of lipid levels to predict vascular risk beyond the age of 70 years. In general, raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels as well as reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) predict risk in the elderly.


The ethical principles underpinning the current research ethics system were developed based on a bio-medical ethical model where the assumption is that these principles are valid and applicable in all research situations (Msoroka, & Amundsen, 2018). However, with the growth of social research and particularly practitioner research, increasingly the ethics system is seen as inappropriate for research that sits outside of a bio-medical context (Brown et al. 2020; Guillemin & Gillam, 2004). The tensions created by a process considered ill-fitting for practitioner research appears to have led to a mindset that ethics is an add-on, thus a process to circumvent (Brown et al., 2020). Despite a plethora of literature espousing this, the voices of practitioner researchers and those who support them appear to be missing. Hence, the purpose of my research was to gain understanding of where research ethics practice rests in the thinking of practitioner-researchers, and those who support these practitioners through their practice inquiry process. There were two phases to my research project. Phase one was an on-line survey and phase two was an interview. Participants were drawn from those who had / were completing a professional practice qualification (learner) and those who supported them through this process (mentor). Following an initial on-line survey, respondents indicated their willingness to be interviewed by the researcher. In total, six learner and three mentor interviews were completed. Grounded Theory methodology was used for the interviews and for the analysis process. Five key themes emerged. These were the scope of ethics, ethical self, researcher responsibility, institutional ethics, and mentor guidance. Following much deliberation with the literature, and re-reading transcripts I developed the research ethics as practice model. This is a model that will help guide practitioners as they come to understand and work through the complexity of ethics related to their work-based learning project. As a professional practitioner I have gained enormously from completing my Master of Professional Practice. My development has spanned the many roles I hold within Otago Polytechnic, including a learning facilitator, Capable NZ's ethicist, and a researcher. My new learning was nuanced, bringing subtle changes to my practice. I have added to my kete of knowledge which I will take into my future roles as a tertiary educator.


Measurements of aerosol sulfuric acid in the free troposphere were performed in the vicinity of Tenerife, Canary Islands (28degreesN, 16degreesW), in July 1997. These measurements were carried out on board a Dutch Cessna Citation 11 research aircraft within the framework of the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 2). We used the Volatile Aerosol Component Analyzer for the detection of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Vertical profiles between 2 and 13 km altitude were obtained. Typically, H2SO4 mixing ratios ranged between 10 and 120 pptv. Between 4 and 6 km altitude a distinct H2SO4 aerosol layer was observed repeatedly with H2SO4 mixing ratios of up to 550 pptv. The measurements are in agreement with total aerosol mass concentrations inferred from simultaneous measurements of aerosol size distributions using two condensation particle counters, a differential mobility analyzer, and an optical aerosol counter. At altitudes above 4 km the predominant aerosol component was sulfuric acid, frequently correlated with ozone, suggesting photochemical air pollution as a common source. Sulfur dioxide measured by chemical ionization mass spectrometry technique revealed typical mixing ratios between 10 and 60 pptv at altitudes above 6 kin and up to 200 pptv in the lower troposphere.


PALABRAS CLAVE: APRENDIZAJE MIXTO; TIC; VIDEO EDUCATIVO; EDUCACION UNIVERSITARIA. ABSTRACT:Freshmen of Engineering degrees (Electrical, Electronics and Surveying) at the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying (FaCENA) of the Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE) study General Chemistry, according to current curricula. This article presents the results of a comparative study that explores the effect of the implementation of educational videos in the understanding of fundamental contents of the subject such as chemical nomenclature, chemical equations and stoichiometry. These are the first topics developed in practical classes; they are the cornerstone of other contents of the program, and they are evaluated in the first test. For the study, we have analysed the answers given in an evaluation by two cohorts, 2014 (traditional classroom format) and 2015 (with video support). Then, the Student's t-test has been applied to determine if there is significant difference between the two.In the three thematic blocks, the difference found between both groups is significant. The statistical calculation allows to assert that the use of videos as a resource is the variable that is causing the difference of having better results in the 2015 cohort. The most significant difference between the two groups is in stoichiometry, and the less significant in chemical equations.


The recurrent neural network has strong dynamic approximating capability. It can be used to describe a kind of complex nonlinear time-varying dynamic system. In the paper a model of a three layer recurrent neural network is proposed. The dynamic backpropagation method is put forth to train the weights of the network. Simulation shows the model has good performance in approximating dynamic systems.


Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is a method of Metal Additive Manufacturing which builds metal parts in a layer-by-layer procedure based on a CAD template. This method is diametrically different from machining methods such as turning or milling. Nowadays, DMLS is used for rapid manufacturing of complex metal parts. However, these products do not meet the requirements of high accuracy and surface quality. This paper deals with factors that are involved in the dimensional precision of DMLS production. The purpose of the Scale and Beam offset correction coefficients are described in the paper. Practical experiments and measurements were carried out and are presented here. Usual production accuracy was observed.


A thermal performance test platform for heat pipe was assembled.The heat transfer performances of aluminum-acetone heat pipes with Ω shape grooves were measured.The influence of temperature of heat source and filling rate on the start-up and the steady-state characteristics of aluminum-acetone heat pipe were analyzed.The results show that with the increase of filling rate,at the same of the input power of heat source,the start-up time increases.With the increasing input power of heat source,at the same of the filling rate,the start-up time decreases.With the increasing of filling rate,at the low input power of heat source,the steady-state characteristic decreases.With the increase of filling rate,at the same of the input power of heat source,the steady-state characteristic increases.The work performance of aluminum-acetone heat pipe with Ω shape grooves is well,which can be used for the low temperature zone of recovery of waste heat.


: This paper examines the readability of the chairman's narratives, as determined by the Flesch score, of a Malaysian public listed company's corporate reports from 1962 to 2009. It partially supports earlier studies which demonstrated that corporate reports were difficult to read, and had shown very negligible decrease in difficulty over time. Net profit to sales and readability was significantly positively correlated but number of financial statements was significantly negatively correlated with readability.


There were 200 enthusiastic participants at the 10th International Network of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Conference from 17 to 19 November 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. But there was a noticeable lack of representatives from many African countries at the event, organised by the International Network on Kangaroo Mother Care. It was reported that the uptake of KMC has been extremely low since its inception 35 years ago, and it is now estimated to occur in just 5% of global births. Even in the 11 African countries that were represented, the uptake of KMC appeared to be patchy at best. KMC was codified in 1996, under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO) (1), and defined according to an original model from the late 1970s from Bogota in Colombia, South America. In that context, low birthweight infants had access to technological care in a neonatal intensive care unit, and once they were stabilised, they were placed in skin-to-skin contact in the kangaroo position. As soon as the mothers were able to breastfeed them, known as kangaroo nutrition, they were discharged early from severely overcrowded units. They were also able to return for daily follow-up visits, ensuring their continued well-being. Early discharge does have some appeal for African paediatricians, who are usually faced with an insurmountable workload, of which prematurity is only the beginning. This includes birth asphyxia, infectious diseases, malnutrition, effects of war and conflicts and, almost paradoxically, an increasing burden of noncommunicable disease, especially in the cities. Compared to South America, the burden of illness and poverty in Africa is significantly greater, with comparatively greater infant mortality. It was clear from the reports at the Rwanda conference that there are major problems with ensuring adequate follow-up in Africa. In Rwanda itself, a community follow-up study was conducted to ascertain the outcome of low birthweight infants who were discharged early. This reported that 26 of the 147 died, which equated to an alarming mortality rate of 175 per 1,000 (2). The reality is that access to health services is problematic for most African countries. This may be purely geographic, but even in major cities, problems of all kinds tend to present to paediatricians at a late stage and social and economic issues have an impact on access to health care, over and above just distance. As we consider KMC in African countries, let us consider each component in turn. As mentioned above, early discharge and follow-up may not be appropriate in African countries. Kangaroo nutrition as a component hardly needs special emphasis in rural Africa where exclusive breastfeeding is often the norm. In urban Africa, however, a variety of social issues decrease breastfeeding rates, with documented adverse neonatal and infant outcomes. The Cochrane review that focused on skinto-skin contact for full-term infants reported that breastfeeding was a primary outcome, rather than an intervention (3). Support for this outcome is nevertheless essential for low birthweight infants, and 'kangaroologists' at the Kigali meeting generally advised that the currently promoted threeor four-hourly feeding intervals that are generally practised are too long for low birthweight infants. They argued that feeding intervals should be shorter and maintained all day and night to ensure adequate weight gain. The Kangaroo position involves skin-to-skin contact, and according to the WHO guidelines and accepted practice, the infant must be stable to be eligible (1). This author presented arguments to the meeting that this requirement prevents KMC from having any possible impact on neonatal mortality. Stable infants do not normally die, as it is instability that precedes death. Half of the neonatal deaths occur in the first 2 days of life, and 75% occur in the first week. The Cochrane review entitled Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birth weight infants showed that seven of the eight randomised controlled trials that reported mortality outcomes on stable babies showed no significant differences in mortality rates (4). The only trial that was conducted on unstable babies was an African study by Worku et al. (5) from Ethiopia. Furthermore, it was the only one that showed a significant impact on mortality, with a reduction of approximately 40%. There is a paucity of trials from Africa, but two other observational studies, from Zimbabwe and Mozambique, also reported a similar 40% reduction in mortality (6,7). In both studies, unstable infants were deemed eligible on the first day of life, received continuous and prolonged


The article discusses the concept of human factor. The authors have studied the problem of transport security that depends on the socio-psychological component of the staff. The reasons for the significant influence of the human factor in the field of motor transport are identified, as well as the ways of formation of individual indicators in the structure of the emotional stability of the driver or conductor. The textual and graphical materials of the reports on the formation of a safety culture in transport organizations, as well as informational tables on the results of staff surveys, served as an empirical base. The study was made in support of the methods of cognitive modeling, questionnaires, application of the SHELL model, which reveals the main elements of the human factor and the relationship between them. Empirical Base - Tyumen Passenger Transport Organizations - DEP Tyumenavtotrans, individual entrepreneur Evrobus 72, IntelInvest LLC.


The trapping efficiency of gaseous ruthenium with a yttria filter has been studied as a function of the temperature, superficial gas velocity and filter depth. The trapping efficiency of ruthenium by the filter was seen to increase with higher trapping temperatures, whereas it decreased with higher superficial gas velocities. The yttria filter was found to offer a stable material in which volatile ruthenium can be effectively trapped because of its incorporation into a highly stable lattice when at temperatures over 900°C under air conditions.


The invention relates to an electromagnetic generator of pressure pulses. This electromagnetic generator of pressure pulses comprises means shaped electrically conductive membrane (4) and means in the form of coils (3) driving the diaphragm-shaped means and is in the form of a ring network having a plurality of annular zones (Za, Zb, Zc, Zd), which can be activated in a time-varying mutual association for delivery of pressure pulses. particularly applicable to medical treatment calculations appliances, osteopathy appliances and devices treating pathological tissue changes.


The use of frequency-selective measurements for the assessment of the worst-case exposure to electromagnetic fields radiated by GSM base stations is widely accepted to check the compliance with the existing regulations when multiple frequency sources are present. In this paper, the influence of different settings of the spectrum analyzer (resolution bandwidth, sweep rate, and detector) on the accuracy of power measurements has been studied with simulations by using a simple model for the spectrum analyzer and the global system for mobile communications (GSM) signal. The effect of adjacent frequency channels, time modulated signals, and down link power control have been investigated. Based on the obtained simulation results, optimal spectrum analyzer settings have been proposed for the exposure assessment around GSM base stations. As a final result, the accuracy of the proposed optimal settings for the spectrum analyzer has been determined.


It is now firmly established that neutrinos, which are copiously produced in the hot and dense core of the supernova, play a role in the supernova explosion mechanism and in the synthesis of heavy elements through a phenomena known as r-process nucleosynthesis. They are also detectable in terrestrial neutrino experiments, and serve as a probe of the extreme environment and complex dynamics encountered in the supernova. The major goal of the UW research activity relevant to this project was to calculate the neutrino interaction rates in hot and dense matter of relevance to core collapse supernova. These serve as key input physics in large scale computer simulations of the supernova dynamics and nucleosynthesis being pursued at national laboratories here in the United States and by other groups in Europe and Japan. Our calculations show that neutrino production and scattering rate are altered by the nuclear interactions and that these modifications have important implications for nucleosynthesis and terrestrial neutrino detection. The calculation of neutrino rates in dense matter are difficult because nucleons in the dense matter are strongly coupled. A neutrino interacts with several nucleons and the quantum interference between scattering off different nucleons depends on the nature of correlations betweenmore » them in dense matter. To describe these correlations we used analytic methods based on mean field theory and hydrodynamics, and computational methods such as Quantum Monte Carlo. We found that due to nuclear effects neutrino production rates at relevant temperatures are enhanced, and that electron neutrinos are more easily absorbed than anti-electron neutrinos in dense matter. The latter, was shown to favor synthesis of heavy neutron-rich elements in the supernova.« less


To localize coal utilization, a local Hongshagang bituminous coal (Hc) with low ash fusion temperatures (AFTs) was blended with the Guanghui bituminous coal (Gc). Prior to its application in an ind...


This article describes briefly recent results on the universality of intermittent convective transport reported in the scrape‐off layer. We show that the statistical properties of turbulence are identical for four different magnetic fusion devices. The four devices are the PISCES linear plasma device, the Tore Supra tokamak with limiter configuration, the Alcator C‐MOD with divertor configuration and high magnetic field, and theMAST spherical tokamak where the walls are far from the last closed flux surface (LCFS). These four devices do not only have different magnetic configurations but also have four different probes designs. Nine different types of statistical analyses are used, here we present just a few. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


NCATE,ABCTE and NBPTS established their own professional standards for mother tongue teachers who are in different career stages.All these standards constructed a thorough assessment system.This paper will compare them from the overall dimensions,key indicators and assessment procedures to analyze their features and internal ideas,and inspirations may be obtained for the development of Chinese teachers' professional standards in four facets:leading the professional development of Chinese teachers,designing the systematic and dynamic standards,focusing on the accumulation of PCK,and stressing the"output"abilities of instruction.


The transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) suite is widely used to interconnect computing facilities in modern network environments. However, there exist several security vulnerabilities in the TCP specification and additional weaknesses in a number of its implementations. These vulnerabilities may enable an intruder to "attack" TCP-based systems, allowing him/her to "hijack" a TCP connection or cause denial of service to legitimate users. We analyze TCP code via a "reverse engineering" technique called "slicing" to identify several of these vulnerabilities, especially those that are related to the TCP state-transition diagram. We discuss many of the flaws present in the TCP implementation of many widely used operating systems, such as SUNOS 4.1.3, SVR4, and ULTRIX 4.3. We describe the corresponding TCP attack "signatures" (including the well-known 1994 Christmas Day Mitnick Attack) and provide recommendations to improve the security state of a TCP-based system, e.g., incorporation of a "timer escape route" from every TCP state.


This chapter looks at issues of identifying gifted African American male college students, characteristics they exhibit, and factors affecting their retention. The Meyerhoff Program is profiled as an example of a successful program for such students.


the distinguished poets from Northern Ireland who matured in the long era of sectarian violence known as The Troubles a cohort that includes Seamus Heaney and Derek Mahon Michael Longley is the pure lyric artist. Lucidity, economy, sincerity: Longley strives toward these goals by means of meticulous, unpretentious technique. His poems seem to aspire to the condition of a single, taut sentence which is in fact the form of three of the short poems presented here. Longley's brief lyrics gather force and resonance from the links that appear when we can read several together. In "White Farmhouse," for example, Longley describes the last painting of a friend, the postwar Belfast painter Colin Middleton, as if it were the artist's imagining of his resting place, and in "The New Window," Longley evokes his own version of such a place. The creatures the poet hears in "Otter Cubs," gasping and sneezing, are like the grandson he introduces us to in "Christmas Tree." The "zodiac's animals and people" hanging from the decorated tree put us in mind of Mars in the poem of that title (the ancient beech tree that appears in both poems stands in the garden of the poet's Belfast home); and the Christmas scene is a homely contemporary version of the Pesavo Madonna in Venice, the work by Titian that Longley describes in "Altarpiece." Gazing at the Italian altarpiece, the poet is "distracted" by "the German


Exploration of high‐efficiency, economical, and ultrastable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to substitute precious Pt is of great significance in electrochemical energy conversion devices. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have sparked tremendous interest for their maximum atom‐utilization efficiency and fascinating properties. Therefore, the development of effective synthetic methodology toward SACs becomes highly imperative yet still remains greatly challenging. Herein, a reliable SiO2‐templated strategy is elaborately designed to synthesize atomically dispersed Fe atoms anchored on N‐doped carbon nanospheres (denoted as Fe–N–C HNSs) using the cheap and sustainable biomaterial of histidine (His) as the N and C precursor. By virtue of the numerous atomically dispersed Fe–N4 moieties and unique spherical hollow architecture, the as‐fabricated Fe–N–C HNSs exhibit excellent ORR performance in alkaline medium with outstanding activity, high long‐term stability, and superior tolerance to methanol crossover, exceeding the commercial Pt/C catalyst and most previously reported non‐precious‐metal catalysts. This present synthetic strategy will provide new inspiration to the fabrication of various high‐efficiency single‐atom catalysts for diverse applications.


This paper describes the design of a 77 GHz transceiver, as the key component of the FMCW radar on airport runways, which requires a source with very low phase noise, a unique linear frequency modulation technique with high phase accuracy, a low-cost 77GHz T/R circuit with high performance. The transceiver consists of a frequency synthesizer including DDS and up-conversion, a T/R front-end including multiplier followed by PA and LNA followed by IQ down-conversion, a IF receiver including audio amplifiers, filters and so on. Some key performance parameters are as follows: transmitted power >400mW, overall noise figure <;6.5 dB, a highly stable W-band source with phase noise ≤ - 100dBc/Hz@100kHz. The transceiver discussed in this paper has been working on the airport runway and showing its capability in the imaging application.


One of the fastest growing areas of evolutionary algorithm research is the enhancement of genetic algorithms by combination with local search methods or memes: often known otherwise as memetic algorithms. However there is often little theoretical basis on which to characterize the choice of memes that lead to successful memetic algorithm performance. In this paper, we investigate empirically the use of different memes in the memetic algorithms across a variety of benchmark test functions for function optimization. Empirical results show that the choice of memes affects the search performance significantly. Further, an investigation on the random choice of memes at each decision point during the memetic algorithm search arrives at interesting results.


Despite some reports of mild fevers and sore arms as expected, no one has needed medical attention for a reaction to the Pfizer-BioNTech or the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine Practices at the less advantaged end of the city need it more, but the algorithm for determining where the supply goes doesn't seem to consider deprivation 1 In England's poorest areas average life expectancy is well below 80,2 so supplies based on age alone are limited precisely where the risk of covid death is highest 3 Recently our supply has dwindled to a trickle, and it takes only a single afternoon to use the 300-400 doses delivered each week—a far cry from the 12 hours a day, seven days a week we signed up to in December There are fewer than we anticipated, as being housebound isn't a fixed concept: some patients who require huge efforts and the help of several relatives to leave the house were nevertheless transported to the surgery when we first started vaccinating in December


The forward voltage Vf across a p+‐n silicon diode, biased at constant current, was used to monitor the rapid annealing of damage introduced by a 5‐μsec pulse of 10 MeV electrons. Silicon diodes (1N648) were irradiated at various temperatures from 90° to over 350°K. The large increase in Vf observed immediately after the irradiation pulse recovered partially to its preirradiation value in times varying from a few milliseconds at 300°K to a few hundred milliseconds at 100°K. The ratio of the change in Vf at 100 μsec after the irradiation pulse to the change after recovery had been completed varied from approximately three at 300°K to nearly seven at 100°K. The large degree of recovery indicates that defect annihilation is most likely responsible for the recovery process. The recovery kinetics of the rapid annealing are closely described by Waite's theory of diffusion‐controlled annealing involving recombination of correlated and uncorrelated defects. Particularly for temperatures above 170°K, the initial s...


Multiobjective simulation optimization aims at finding Pareto optimal solutions and a common approach is to rely on metamodels to alleviate computational costs of the optimization process. We present a stochastic Kriging based multiobjective optimization algorithm to estimate the Pareto fronts of multiobjective simulation optimization problems. After the objective functions were replaced by stochastic Kriging metamodels using limit simulation costs, techniques developed for deterministic multiobjective optimization can be applied to these metamodels. Numerical experiment of a multiobjective (s, S) inventory system illustrates the potential of stochastic Kriging in stochastic simulation optimization which is especially useful in Operations Research and Management Science.


A type of high order Rayleigh equation(x(n)(t)+f(x′(t))+g(x(t-τ(t)))=p(t)is considered in this paper.Using the theory of coincidence degree,some results on 2π-periodic solution can be obtained.


Reactions of the sodium salts of tosylhydrazones of several heteroaromatic aldehydes with an equimolar amount of acrylonitrile afforded the corresponding cyclopropane derivatives as the major products accompanied by small amounts of pyrazole derivatives. On the other hand, reactions using ten-molar equivalents of acrylonitrile gave pyrazole derivatives as major products.


I am reminded of a telling quotation from Kim Jong Il's December 1996 policy speech given at Kim Il Sung university at the height of the famine, at which he revealed that his father had advised him to leave economic matters in the hands of the functionaries and to focus on politics. Or perhaps it was simply foreshadowing the fact that the worst economic decisions are likely to occur when they are treated as the necessary means by which to achieve specific political objectives. To the extent that Kim Jong Il himself might be directly tied to the currency revaluation decision, it is clear that rumors of his direct involvement in economic policymaking has become a political liability—precisely because the currency revlatuion effort was so badly mishandled.


Periodic deformation arising as parallel stripes in super-twisted nematic displays are studied numerically. The role played by a surface tilt angle δ in their appearance and structure is determined. It is found that the stripes exist in a narrow voltage range between two thresholds. The lower threshold at which they arise is practically independent of the tilt angle. The higher threshold at which the homogeneous deformation occurs decreases with δ. For relatively small twist angles (e.g., 180°) the transition to the homogeneously deformed structure is continuous. If the twist angle is high (e.g., 270°) this transition becomes discontinuous. The stripes are eliminated if the tilt angle exceeds some critical value which increases with the twist angle and may be larger than 30°.


In this report, we shall review the article [5] in which the authors, Charles Conley and Eduard Zehnder mainly prove two results. The first one is related to a conjecture of Arnol'd and the second one to the Birkhoff-Lewis fixed point theorem. Some of the technical arguments are addressed with an analytic point of view and could be simplified with a geometric perspective. Since this report is a review, we shall take the viewpoint of the authors. In the appendices, we give a proof of what is stated without one.


On the history of Chinese philosophy, for explaining the origin where all things were come from and the rules that cause them into changes, for a long time, the idea of yin-yang had developed and become two differently fundamental substances or Chi. When the Confucian school of the Song Dynasty constructed the heavenly order of Confucianism according to the doctrine of I, they did unanimously assert that yin-yang or Chi was not the ultimate entity hut tai-chi or Tao was. According to Wang Chuan-Shan, thus assertion will result in the dichotomy between tai-chi and yin-yang, and will be criticized as "making something oat of nothing." Consequently Wang proposes the theory about the "being of tai-chi and yin-yang," asserts yin-yang or Chi is the ultimate entity of all things; and yin-yang or Chi in itself has the force that controls and governs the development of things, the name of tai-chi or Tao just means the force. Because yin Chi and sang Chi ace both different in their nature separately, therefore Wang asserts yin-yang is the entity, whether or not we can conclude that his ontology is a theory of dichotomy. It is pointed out in this paper that Wang Chuan-Shan's a theory of yin-yang is a monism. He submits the method of "it in One when we annotate it through the level of substance; it is also two which we annotate it through the level of function," to build up the ontological theory so as to develop the eternal movement and flourishing entity. Chi of yin-yang is the subject of still and movement rather than the cause still and movement of tai-chi.


Irisin, a polypeptide hormone that is released from skeletal muscle in response to exercise found to improve endothelial functions, protect against endothelial injuries and change blood pressure which also affected blood vessels. The aim of this study is to study the histological changes of the rat thoracic aorta in response to irisin injection. Thirty rats were used. Then divided into two groups; the control group without irisin injection, and the irisin injected group was subdivided into four subgroups with different irisin concentrations (20, 40 and 160 nM, respectively) twice a week for four weeks, the control group and each subgroup consisted of 6 rats each. After 4 weeks all rats were sacrificed, and the descending thoracic aorta was treated for histological evaluation. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) and orcein stains. Morphometric measurement included: intima-media thickness (IMT), number of elastic lamellae and number of smooth muscle cells nuclei. Histological study has shown that intraperitoneal injection of different concentrations of irisin (20, 40 and 160 nM) in rats has increased intima-media thickness, number of smooth muscle cell's nuclei, and increase the number of elastic lamellae in media layer of the thoracic aorta in a dose dependent manner. Irisin has significantly affected the morphology of the wall of the rat thoracic aorta indicating a role for irisin in influencing the growth factors of the thoracic aorta walls and activate smooth muscle cells in the thoracic aorta layers.


Abstract Aim To study the chemical constituents of Schefflera venulosa. Methods Compounds were isolated by silica gel and Rp-C8 column chromatography. The structures were elucidated by NMR and HRESI-MS spectrometry. Results Two new compounds were isolated from Schefflera venulosa, and their structures were elucidated as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-27-oxo-betulinic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-27-oxo-betulinic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2). Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2 are new lupane triterpenoids.


The invention discloses an auxiliary hypolipidemic health-care food comprising the components of, by weight, 500 parts of ginkgo leaf, 400 parts of lobed kudzuvine root, 300 parts of hawthorn fruit, 300 parts of oriental waterplantain tuber, 200 parts of prepared tuber fleeceflower root, 200 parts of fiveleaf gynostemma herb, 150 parts of starch, and 2 parts of magnesium stearate. The food provided by the invention has auxiliary hypolipidemic and blood-circulation-improving functions. With the food, health-care and eating requirements of common consumers can be satisfied.


e770 www.ccmjournal.org August 2016 • Volume 44 • Number 8 mentioned in the discussion, the indications for intubation could have largely affected the mortality. Severity of hypoxia or radiographic abnormalities at the time of intubation and clinical course including fluid balance and respiratory management between diagnosis and intubation could be significant cofactors affecting the mortality in this cohort. Because of the nature of secondary analysis in a prospective observational study, the precise analyses including these cofactors might be difficult. However, what we would like to know is the effects of late intubation which could be associated with the increased mortality. Kang et al (2) showed a delayed intubation due to failure of high-flow nasal cannula could worsen clinical outcomes in patients with respiratory failure. Moretti et al (3) showed similar unfavorable effects of prolonged support of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in ARDS. These results might be partially explained by the fatigue in respiratory muscles and cardiac dysfunction due to prolonged intubation delay. These studies might potentially support the current results. Provision of respiratory and hemodynamic signs or variables just before attempting the intubation might be helpful. Second, the information of antimicrobial therapy is lacking. In this cohort, 129 patients (28%) experienced complication with respiratory infection, whereas no information regarding antimicrobial therapy was provided. Studies in patients with community-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia showed that the mortality rate was significantly increased if initial antibiotic therapy was inappropriate (4). In the current study, at least 24% of initially nonintubated patients were immunocompromised because of leukemia or had undergone stem cell transplantation. These patients often develop complex infections and present atypical clinical manifestations, and bronchoalveolar lavage–based diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy could provide helpful information for the precise diagnoses and improved outcome (5). Third, there seem to be an inappropriate statistical analysis in the current study. In the multivariate analysis in Table 4, the authors analyzed the number of variables as covariates for 60-day mortality. However, the number of patients was not statistically enough for these analyses. The impact of late intubation was likely to have been overestimated. In conclusion, we suggest that the authors provide additional data for the evaluation of harmful effects of late intubation and conduct precise investigations for validating the results obtained in this study. The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.


This paper addresses the high precision positioning issue of permanent magnet (PM) linear motors, in presence of spatially periodic forces, also known as cogging. Using an internal model representation of this perturbation, an observer-based controller only relying on position measurements is derived. The observation error is not autonomous, and the stability analysis of the resulting closed loop system is regarded as the stability of two interconnected systems. For the motor to quickly track a desired trajectory, while being robust to large magnitude cogging forces, a small-gain like theorem is derived and used to tune the gains of the control law in an explicit way. The experimental results obtained through this method are then showed and compared with those of a PID controller.


The project is financed with IPA 2015 EU funds, following a previous project on needs analysis for the Bank of Albania – designed and led by the ECB in partnership with 11 central banks of the European System of Central Banks. From this perspective, the new twinning project we are launching today may be considered a continuation of the previous one, given that it will address a significant number of recommendations from 2014.


The diagnosis of 'early inflamed', 'recurrent' or 'sub‐acute' appendicitis is often difficult and accompanied by controversies between clinical data, histological findings, and their interpretation. The expression of the intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), the vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), and E‐selectin has been studied in 61 appendicectomy specimens for possible use as a diagnostic tool. This study demonstrates a different expression of CAM by endothelial (EC) and mesothelial cells (MC) in the various stages of appendicitis, with early E‐selectin and ICAM‐1 expression in EC, followed by VCAM‐1 in EC and MC. Appendices from patients with prolonged clinical symptoms defined by clinicians as 'chronic' appendicitis showed VCAM‐1 expression and occasionally weak expression of E‐selectin in EC. In several cases, discrepancies were found between the pre‐operative 'clinical' diagnosis, the histomorphological findings, and the immunohistological results. In this context, the expression of E‐selectin and VCAM‐1 in comparison with the histological features has potential significance in the diagnosis of 'early acute', 'sub‐acute' or 'recurrent' appendicitis. In addition, a correlation was demonstrated between the histological stages of appendicitis and the kinetics of CAM expression. The study also indicates that the time course of E‐selectin expression in vivo is longer than is suggested from in vitro data. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Psychedelics and hallucinogens represent some of the most commonly used drugs in the world, with a history of use steeped in spirituality, counter-culture, and more recently latent therapeutic potential. Sharing a common mechanism of action at the 5-HT2a receptor, drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, while they can rarely induce significant short-term psychopathology, are remarkably safe physiologically, do not cause dependence, and are now being actively researched again for their therapeutic potential in non-psychotic conditions such as anxiety, addictions, and depression. Ketamine is also being explored as a treatment for resistant depression and is in common use as an anaesthetic. However, it has increasingly become recognized as a drug with abuse potential. Although safe in overdose, ketamine carries acute risks related to vulnerability while intoxicated, and chronic use is associated with urinary tract toxicity.


A numerical scheme is developed to simulate the motion of dielectric particles in uniform and nonuniform electric fields of a micro fluidic device. The particles are moved using a direct simulation scheme in which the fundamental equations of motion of fluid and solid particles are solved without the use of models. The motion of particles is tracked using a distributed Lagrange multiplier method (DLM) and the electric force acting on the particles is calculated by integrating the Maxwell stress tensor (MST) over the particle surfaces. One of the key features of the DLM method is that the fluid-particle system is treated implicitly by using a combined weak formulation where the forces and moments between the particles and fluid cancel, as they are internal to the combined system. The MST is obtained from the electric potential, which, in turn, is obtained by solving the electrostatic problem. In our numerical scheme the Marchuk-Yanenko operator-splitting technique is used to decouple the difficulties associated with the incompressibility constraint, the nonlinear convection term, the rigid-body motion constraint and the electric force term. A comparison of the DNS results with those from the point-dipole approximation shows that the accuracy of the latter diminishes when the distance between the particles becomes comparable to the particle diameter; the domain size is comparable to the diameter; and also when the dielectric mismatch between the fluid and particles is relatively large.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


A wave of globalization encourages intercultural contact more rapidly. This led to  an integration between the new values with the old ones that occur outside as well as inside the organization. This encourages the fusion of process and haziness value, even the erosion of the original values of the previously sacred and the identity of a nation. This paper focus on the tradition of Maulid Nabi as one of the local Islamic traditions in Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan Padang Pariaman Boarding School. The tradition of the Maulid Nabi (Prophet's birthday) is a particular religious practice as a result of the grounding the normative teachings of Islam into reality. Education through local Islamic culture is needed by a community in order to have resilience and ability to acquire the significance life such as found in the Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan Pariaman Boarding School's community. Keyword : Education, Local Islamic culture, and Warnings Birth of the Prophet Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved


In order to develop and train defect prediction models, researchers rely on datasets in which a defect is often attributed to a release where the defect itself is discovered. However, in many circumstances, it can happen that a defect is only discovered several releases after its introduction. This might introduce a bias in the dataset, i.e., treating the intermediate releases as defect-free and the latter as defect-prone. We call this phenomenon as "sleeping defects". We call "snoring" the phenomenon where classes are affected by sleeping defects only, that would be treated as defect-free until the defect is discovered. In this paper we analyze, on data from 282 releases of six open source projects from the Apache ecosystem, the magnitude of the sleeping defects and of the snoring classes. Our results indicate that 1) on all projects, most of the defects in a project slept for more than 20% of the existing releases, and 2) in the majority of the projects the missing rate is more than 25% even if we remove 50% of releases.


East Coast fever immunization (ECFiM) using infection and treatment method (ITM) was done in Kiambu District between 1994 and 1996.an impact assessment was study on ECFiM using a structured questionnaire was carried out in 1998. On 230 farms immunized and 40 control farms, the response by farmers was analysed Using EPI-INFO version 6. A total of 84.3 % of the farmers considered ECFiM to be safe. In ECF immunized farms, spraying of cattle using acaricide has been relaxed from once a week to twice a month. 90.8 % of the farmers who had ECFiM technology and integrated tick control and tick borne disease control will make it possible for the introduction of superior breeds in areas where ECF was a major constraint in Kenya. The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 22 2001: pp. 63-65


Currently, the most widely used approach to cataloging variation amongst a set of samples is to align the sequencing reads to a single linear reference genome. This principle has been at the core of the 1000 Genomes data processing pipelines since the pilot phase of the project. However, there is now an increased awareness of the limitations of this approach such as alignment artefacts, reference bias and unobserved variation on non-reference haplotypes. The Burrows-Wheeler transform and FM-index are compact data structures that have been successfully used in sequence alignment and assembly. One of the key features of these structures is that they are a searchable and reference-free representation of the raw sequencing reads. Our project aims to build a web server based on BWT data structures containing all the reads from the 1000 Genomes Project so as to efficiently retrieve matching reads and information about samples and populations. For the first phase of this project, we include all the low coverage (6x) and exome data from Phase 3. This corresponds to 2,535 individual samples from 26 populations and 86 Tbp consisting of 922 billion reads.


By high particulate matter(PM) reduction performance, diesel particulate filter(DPF) is applied to almost all of modern HSDI diesel engine. PM emitted from engine is consist of carbon based and non-carbon based material. Representative carbon based PM is soot. Non-carbon based PM is produced by wear of engine and exhaust component, combustion of lubrication oil and sulphur in fuel. Accumulation of these non-carbon based PM affects pressure difference of DPF and thus estimation of soot mass in DPF can be incorrect during normal and regeneration condition because of pressure difference deviation of clean DPFs and pressure difference caused by non-carbon based PM is different from that of caused by carbon based PM. This study suggests new methodology to estimate accumulated soot oxidation through exhaust gas analysis during regeneration. Results, more high accuracy of soot oxidation was obtained by analysis of relationship between fuel mass and concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen.


Forest canopy height can be used for estimate of above-ground forest biomass (AGB) by means of the allometric equation. The remote locations and harsh conditions of mangrove forests limit the number of field inventory data stations needed for large-scale modeling of carbon and biomass dynamics. Although active and passive spaceborne sensors have proven successful in mapping mangroves globally, the sensors generally have coarse spatial resolution and overlook small-scale features. Here we generate a 12 m spatial resolution mangrove canopy height map from TanDEM-X data acquired over the world largest intact mangrove forest located in the Sundarbans. With single-pol. TanDEM-X data from 2011 to 2013, the proposed technique makes use of the fact that the double-bounce scattering that occurs between the water and mangrove trees yields water surface level elevation over mangrove forest areas, thus allowing us to estimate forest height with the assumption of an underlying flat topography. Our observations have led to a large-scale mangrove canopy height map over the entire Sundarbans region at a 12 m spatial resolution. Our canopy height estimates were validated with ground measurements acquired in 2015, a correlation coefficient of 0.83 and a RMSE of 0.84 m. With globally available TanDEM-X data, the technique described here will potentially provide accurate global maps of mangrove canopy height at 12 m spatial resolution and provide crucial information for understanding biomass and carbon dynamics in the mangrove ecosystems.


Background: It is uncertain that whether smoking is a risk factor of colorectal advanced adenomas compared to nonadvanced adenomas, so we pe-formed the case-control study to explore this issue. Material and Methods: The cases were defined as patients with advanced adenomas and the controls were patients with nonadvanced adenomas. Clinical data were extracted from the hospital information system. Missing data were imputed with the multiple imputation of chained equations method, and the effect of smoking on the risk of advanced adenomas was calculated by binary logistic regression models to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval. Results: Current smoking rate in patients with advanced adenomas was significantly higher than that in patients with nonadvanced adenomas (31.6% VS 23.1%), the OR of advanced adenoma for current smoking compared with nonsmoking was 1.54 (1.09, 2.18), P = 0.013, and the weighted ORs ranged from 1.50 (1.01, 2.23) to 1.58 (1.09, 2.30), and the results of sensitivity analyses were still con-sistent. Conclusion: In adults with Han ethnicity in South China, current smoking is a risk factor of colorectal advanced adenomas compared to nonadvanced adenomas.


The physiological roles of isoprene, which is one of the many endogenous volatile organic compounds contained in exhaled breath, are not well understood. In recent years, exhaled isoprene has been associated with the skeletal muscle. Some studies have suggested that the skeletal muscle produces and/or stores some of the isoprene. However, the evidence supporting this association remains sparse and inconclusive. Furthermore, aging may affect breath isoprene response because of changes in the skeletal muscle quantity and quality. Therefore, we investigated the association between the breath isoprene excretion ( V˙isoprene ) and skeletal muscle mass in young (n = 7) and old (n = 7) adults. The participants performed an 18 min cycling exercise after a 3 min rest. The workload corresponded to an intensity of 30% of the heart rate reserve, as calculated by the Karvonen formula. The exhaled breath of each participant was collected during the exercise test. We calculated V˙isoprene from the product minute ventilation and isoprene concentration and, then, investigated the relationships between V˙isoprene and muscle mass, which was measured by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Importantly, muscle mass persisted as a significant determinant that explained the variance in V˙isoprene at rest even after adjusting for age. Furthermore, the muscle mass was a significant determinative factor for V˙isoprene response during exercise, regardless of age. These data indicated that skeletal muscle mass could be one of the determinative factors for V˙isoprene during rest and response to exercise. Thus, we suggest that the skeletal muscle may play an important role in generating and/or storing some of the endogenous isoprene. This new knowledge will help to better understand the physiological functions of isoprene in humans (Approval No. 20190079).


SYNOPSIS: A combined theoretical, deterministic, and probabilistic analysis was applied to a site in Nevada for the purpose of defi~~g the potential for fault rupture thr_ough .alluvium under a proposed facility. A theoretical model using Theory of Plasttctty was used to define the stress traJectones from fault displacement in bedrock through alluvium. A deterministic analysis was used to determine earthquake recurrence and expected magnitudes. A combined total and compound probabilistic analysis was used to assess the likelihood of fault displacement under the facility. The results of these complementary analyses indicated a very low likelihood of fault rupture during the life expectancy of the facility.


with the development of the automobile industry, more and more general electrical parts are used in automobiles, and the quality of platform and standardized electrical products is also paid more and more attention. Relay plays an important role in auto regulation, safety protection and conversion circuit, so it is widely used in the whole vehicle. Over travel is one of the important parameters of automobile relay, and its consistency affects the life of relay and other main performance. In traditional manual assembly production or semi-automatic assembly line, due to the inherent errors in parts and assembly, a large number of manual adjustment relays are often needed to over travel.