The purpose of the current study was to establish a hydrophilic lipihlilic polymer complex on the basis of in vitro and in vivo evaluations simulated to skin structure in order to control the release of propranolol hydrochloride from transdermal patches administered transdermally in rabbits. Transdermal patches of propranolol hydrochloride (PPN) were formulated employing ethyl cellulose with Poly vinyl pyrrolidine (PVP) and ethyl cellulose with hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) in different ratios (1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 2:1, 4:1, 6:1 w/w) as film formers for each polymer. Polyvinyl alcohol was used to prepare the backing membrane and dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer. Physicochemical parameters including moisture content, weight variation, water vapor transmission, film folding endurance, tensile strength, in vitro rat abdomen skin permeation study and scanning electron microscopy were studied. The selected formulation F6 was adopted for in vivo evaluation by administered transdermally in rabbits. It can be predicted that the F6 formulation (EC:PVP at 6:1 w/w ratio) has a greater potency to release the drug (56.33%) in a controlled fashion over a period of 48 hr. The present study has demonstrated the potential of the fabricated matrix films for prolonged release of propranolol hydrochloride in Hypertension therapy.


TO THE EDITOR: As every medical department worldwide is bracing for the impact the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will pose on daily routines, the scientific community starts to excel in exploring the different facets this novel disease bears for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.


A dominant design is thought to usher in a period of intense competition based on cost, causing an often-fierce industry shakeout. We aim to challenge the foundations of the dominant design literature, and develop new insights about the evolution of competition. We argue that strategic repositioning and elevated exit rates are often observed long before the emergence of a dominant design, and that a key cause is the introduction of a particular product for which demand is unexpectedly high (an 'innovation shock.') This introduction creates a dilemma for followers, which we suggest is resolved based on followers' comparative adjustment costs. We test implications of these ideas on data from the early U.S. auto industry, treating Ford's Model T as the innovation shock.


In this paper,in order to combine those advantages of currency and flexibility of neural network and Global optimization,high efficient search and low optimization condition (unnecessary continuity and differentiability)of chaotic optimization,an intelligently integrated chaotic-neural network algorithm is proposed.This algorithm have high search efficiency, strong generality and great potential, so it can be applied in wide field in future.


The patients with savant syndrome demonstrate outstanding mental capabilities despite coexisting severe mental disabilities. In most cases, savant skills are characterized by its domain-specificity, enhanced memory capability, and excessive focus on low-level perceptual processing. Although, savant skills have been reported especially in patients with Autistic spectrum disorders, mental retardation and left hemisphere damage, whether such skills arise in other neurological diseases has remained to be understood. Dementia is characterized by a decline of cognitive and behavioral abilities in a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal aging. Recent case series reported that previously learned skills or talents could be conserved in the setting of dementia. In 1996, Miller reported 5 cases of "acquired-savant" patients who improved or newly acquired an artistic savant-like skill in the early stage of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (Miller BL, 1998). On SPECT or pathology, 4 of 5 patients had the left-temporal variant of FTD. Their artistic products were diverse but share common features with autistic savant; all of them were domain-specific, mainly low-level perceptual abilities and never manifested in the verbal sphere. There are also a few convincing examples of pathology-induced changes of talent due to focal frontal or frontotemporal damage. Although correct mechanisms underlying acquired savant syndrome remain to be known, several neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have shed light on the relation ship between enhanced cognitive abilities and brain lesions. Kapur reviewed unexpected occurrence of behavioral improvement following brain injury, and used the term "paradoxical functional facilitation" (Kapur N, 1996). Snyder et al also reproduced savant conditions in healthy normal individuals by using TMS to create a virtual lesion in the left anterior temporal lobe, a site implicated in the savant conditions (Snyder A, 2007). The degenerative dementias all have their own distinctive anatomy, devastating specific brain areas while leaving other regions unaffected. Focusing on the artistic abilities of these patients may have a positive therapeutic value, by encouraging patients to pursue an activity in which they can improve. Future studies using physiological techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging should help us to understand the brain regions that are activated during the artistic process in these patients.


AbstractKeeping asphalt-surfaced highways and roads in satisfactory condition is a major challenge that departments of transportation strive to overcome. According to a recent assessment of roads i...


The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate Aripiprazole Orally disintegrating tablets with various binders, disintegrants, and preparation techniques to identify which technique and what combination of excipients provide best formulations. 24 Formulations are prepared with combination of binders like starch, hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC), and poly vinyl pyrolidine (PVP), with disintegrants like croscarmellose, starch, sodium starch glycolate and crospovidone by adopting dry granulation and wet granulation techniques. Formulations were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, wetting time, disintegration time and dissolution. The formulations found to possess hardness between 2-4 kg/cm3, friability between 0.3 to 0.6% and weight variation within the limits. In-vitro release study showed release values from 91%-104%. The disintegration time, wetting time, R value and dissolution test revealed that the formulations prepared using HPC and starch as binder and croscarmellose as disintegrant showed good results with dry granulation technique. Starch showed good results both as binder and disintegrant. The same composition also produced best results in wet granulation also.


It is very significant for formulating and implementing the allocation and planning of public hospitals.It is not only that the reform of public hospitals is the important and difficult point,but also it is the basis for health reform and the reflection the final outcome of the reform.The necessity and guiding principles for formulating and implementating the allocation and planning of public hospitals are discussed,and the suggestions on bringing into it to public hospital reform, building the medical care system,and clarifying the the functions and roles for all level governments and so on are put forward.


In-school education and teaching quality are, in the final analysis, aimed at cultivating high-quality talents. As the first private college in Jiangsu province ratified by the State Commission of Education, San Jiang College in Nanjing was set up in 1992. To ensure the cultivation of high-quality talents, it started with selective engagement of worthy teachers, built up a contingent of tutors for classes, strengthened foreign language and computer teaching, and implemented competitive system of \!eliminating one out of ten" among the students', in order to develop the student's competitive consciousness and temper them in an all-round way. All this is aimed at obtaining the anticipated goal in cultivating qualified talents, and thus appeals very much to the public.


Many researchers have seen in the articulation an intermediate level of representation. In the gestural phonetic theory, units are articulatory gestures. In order to assess this theory with observed parameters, we have defined a robust labelling system (AMULET) of the multi sensor ACCOR speech database. Main articulatory gestures searched are Voice Onset and Voice Termination on both acoustic and laryngographic signals. We present here two efficient Voiced/Unvoiced/Silence detectors for the acoustic signals and a third one for the laryngographic signal.


Taoyuan county in Hunan province was taken as an example to solve the main problems in exploitation of red soil in hilly area. Water management countermeasures and main ways to resist seasonal drought in hilly area were made clear. Through dynamic observation and analysis on water and soil resources under different management modes, key indexes for the sustainable develop- ment of water and soil resource in hilly area are set up. Results showed that soil loss should be lower than 200 t·km-2·a-1, and corre- sponding runoff rate should be lower than 25%. An effective mode for "soil-water-plant" resources utilization in sloping field was also set up, and under this effective mode, soil erosion amount must be lower than 100 t·km-2·a-1. Meanwhile, four key industries including tea, ramie, orchard, and yard ecological agriculture were established, providing an example for the industrialized manage- ment of agriculture in hilly area in south China.


Spanish studies is changing dramatically under the influence of cultural theory, which challenges accepted ideas of "high", "mass" and "popular" culture. This volume offers approaches, types of work and source materials appropriate to this increasingly interdisciplinary environment, taking as its starting point the contradictory process of economic modernization beginning in the 1960s. It provides students with a gateway to the key debates and issues involved in contemporary Spanish cultural forms, textualities, identities and processes.


The study aimed to determine effects of light emitting diode (LED) and the ultraviolet radiation (UVA) light of plant factory on plant growth and ascorbic acid content of spinach (Spinacia oleracea cv. Shusiro). Plants were grown in a NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) system for 28 days after transplanting with fluorescent light (FL, control), LEDs and UVA (Blue+UVA (BUV), Red and Blue (R:B(2:1)) + UVA (RBUV), Red+UVA (RUV), White LED (W), Red and Blue (R:B(2:1)), Blue (B), Red (R)) under the same light intensity (130 μmol·m·s) and photoperiod (16/8h = day/night). All the light sources containing the R (R, RB, RUV, and RBUV) showed leaf epinasty symptom at 21 days after transplanting (DAT). Under the RUV treatment, the lengths of leaf and leaf petiole were significantly reduced and the leaf width was increased, lowering the leaf shape index, compared to the R treatment. Under the BUV, however, the lengths of leaf and leaf petiole were increased significantly, and the leaf number was increased compared to B. Under the RBUV treatment, the leaf length was significantly shorter than other treatments, while no significant difference between the RBUV and RB for the fresh and dry weights and leaf area. Dry weights at 28 days after transplanting were significantly higher in the R, RUV and BUV treatments than those in the W and FL. The leaf area was significantly higher under the BUV treatment. The ascorbic acid content of the 28 day-old spinach under the B was significantly higher, followed by the BUV, and significantly lower in FL and R. All the integrated data suggest that the BUV light seems to be the most suitable for growth and quality of hydroponically grown spinach in a plant factory. Additional key words: leaf epinasty index, leaf shape index, specific leaf weight


ABSTRACT The new generation of remote sensing satellite with very high-resolution images has provided a high level of details, which make them a reliable source of information. Presence of shadow can reduce the amount of information that can be extracted from these images. Shadow can be confused with dark objects such as water and dark vegetation. The main aim of this research is to develop a new index to detect shadow in the presence of dark objects using the capabilities of the new remote sensing satellite images. For this study, WorldView-2 (WV-2) remote sensing satellite images with eight spectral bands were used. A spectral reflectance analysis for the main ground features has been studied along the eight spectral bands to determine the most effective bands for shadow detection. These bands are employed with the Hue-Saturation-Intensity colour model for producing the new proposed Saturation Intensity Shadow Detection Index (SISDI). The proposed index is applied to four study areas and compared with two state-of-the-art indices of shadow detection. Results of this comparison demonstrate the more accuracy effectiveness and feasibility of that proposed index. The proposed index achieves the highest overall accuracy (average of 97.8%) and has the ability for detecting small shadow areas.


– The frequency of developmental disturbances in the permanent dentition due to traumatic injuries to primary teeth was examined in a Danish population sample consisting of 487 schoolchildren 9–17 years old. Of these children, 147 (30%) had a history of traumatic injuries to the primary dentition. Frequencies of 57.8% and 45.3% of developmental disturbances were found in the trauma and in the non-trauma group, respectively. The folloing types of developmental disturbances were more frequent in the trauma group than in the non-trauma group: (1) internal white enamel hypoplasia with a diameter of 0.5 mm or more, (2) internal and external white and yellow-brown enamel hypoplasia, (3) white and yellow-brown enamel hypoplasia and horizontal enamel hypoplasia. Internal white enamel hypoplasia with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm, and generalized internal and external white enamel hypoplasias were found with the same frequency in the two groups. About 10% of enamel hypoplasias in anterior teeth are due to trauma.


Two supermolecular adducts involving p-cyclodextrin(β-CD) and long carbonchain alkyl (aqua) cobaltoximes (R= C6H13 and C8H17 ) have been synthesized for the firsttime and characterized by elementary analysis, UV-Vis and H NMR. We used the cyclicvoltammetry methods to characterize the electrochemical behaviour of the inclusion process.In addition, their formation constant Ka was quantitatively determined by using UV-Vismethods. It has been shown that the longer the carbon chain of the alkyl groups are, themore stable the inclusion complexes are. furthermore, by adding n-C8H17Co (DH)2H2O/β-CDto the aqueous solution, it has been found that the formation constant decreased.


Lawton. D.M., Oswald, W.B. & McClure, J. (1995) The biological reality of the interlacunar network in the embryonic. cartilaginous, skeleton: a thiazine dye/absolute ethanol/LR White resin protocol for visualizing the network with minimal tissue shrinkage. J. Microsc. 178, 66-85. In the published version of the above paper, Fig. 7(b) was inadvertantly deleted and Fig. 7-insert erroneously became Fig. 7(b). Note that in this monochrome version of the original colour figure the distinction is lost between metachromatic (pink) interlacunar network (in) and non-metachromatic (blue) cell processes (cp) of the intermediate layer (i) (see insert). (e = RBC).


Loss of teeth in the anterior region leads to compromised aesthetics. It is physiologically as well as socially damaging situation. Tooth loss can be due to excessive bone loss, trauma or other endodontic reasons. The replacement of lost tooth depends on several factors. After removal of the tooth for a time being, temporisation may be required before placement of permanent restoration. Permanent replacement can be in the form of removable prosthesis or fixed partial dentures. The first line of treatment after extraction of anterior teeth, irrespective of final restoration, is placement of temporary prosthesis. This article describes a case of natural tooth used as a pontic splinted to adjacent teeth using a fibre-reinforced splint and composite following extraction of tooth in the maxillary anterior region.


The Community of the College of Justice: Edinburgh and the Court of Session, 1687–1808. JOHN FINLAY. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press. 2012. vi + 296 (including Appendices, Bibliography and In...


— The paper presents the application of unsupervised method to word detection in recorded speech for the spoken Polish language. The method utilizes similarity measure between analyzed speech and a pattern synthesized from pure text. Dynamic time warping algorithm is applied for time alignment and the resulting alignment path defines an input to the classifier. The classification process involves calculation of cost function and extraction of the projected sequence of Human-Factor Cepstral Coefficients, both of which are compared with the threshold values. The results obtained after application of the method to the CLARIN-PL Mobile Corpus are encouraging to develop this method for the Polish language.


From the point of the process of distribution service, a Markov chain based method is proposed for analyzing the reliability of supply chain. This paper presents an analytic method for determining the reliability of supply chains for logistics systems. By introducing the model of k -out-of- n :G system in reliability into the studies of supply chain, an evaluation method is suggested. And the reliability of distribution service is obtained when the distribution center operates steadily. These indexes have practical and significant meaning for evaluating the supply chain system reliability performance and can also be used to improve the reliability management.


The Influence of Product Quality, Price, and Location on Loyalty with Satisfaction and Image as Mediation Variable on Consumen Solo Restaurant. To know consumer attitudes toward their products, companies need to conduct research on the factors contained in these products that can encourage the creation of a buying motive. By analyzing consumer responses to product quality, price, location, image and loyalty, the company can assess which factors are not in accordance with the wishes and needs of consumers. Based on this research, this study aims to determine the effect of product quality, price, and location on loyalty with satisfaction and image as a mediation variable in Solo restaurant customers. The sample taken in this study is 20% of the population of 200 consumers. By random sampling technique by random. Analytical technique using path analysis. The results showed that product quality significantly influenced consumer satisfaction. Price has a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Location has no significant effect on customer satisfaction. Product quality has a significant effect on image. Price has significant effect on image. Location has significant effect on image. Product quality significantly influences consumer loyalty. Price has a significant effect on loyalty. Location has a significant effect on loyalty. Satisfaction has a significant effect on loyalty. The image has a significant effect on the results of path analysis shows that: The use of intervening satisfaction for product quality variables on loyalty is effective and the image intervening is not effective. The use of satisfaction and image intervening for price variables on loyalty is ineffective. The use of satisfaction and image intervening for location variables is effective


Abstract : A study has been conducted to determine the feasibility of developing an Overhead Cover for Individual Fighting Position (OHC-IFP) that falls within a design envelope established by the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command's Operational and Organizational Plan for OHC-IFP and meets the criteria established by the U.S. Army Belvoir Research and Development Center in conjunction with the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Candidate solutions included tension membrane structures, folded-plate structures, and fabric-covered framework structures. The first two types present operational difficulties or fall outside the design envelope, but a variety of fabric-covered framework structures will satisfy all stated requirements. Keyword: Foxholes.


A simple mechanism for the freezing of polar nanoregions (PNRs) in relaxor ferroelectrics is presented. Using the local thermodynamic stability criterion for the polarizable medium in which the PNRs are embedded, the growth of the PNR correlation radius with decreasing temperature is derived. At the percolation threshold T p an infinite cluster of PNRs is formed, and the relaxation time for its reorientation is shown to obey the Vogel-Fulcher (VF) relation, with T p playing the role of the freezing or VF temperature. The effects of freezing on the dielectric permittivity are briefly discusssed.


Objective: Aiming at the problems existing in the teaching of microcomputer principle and application of biomedical engineering, this paper gives a analysis and points out the reason, and puts forward the innovation measures from the theory and practice angle, to improve quality of microcomputer principle teaching. Methods: First, the paper states the position of microcomputer principle in the course system, and analyzes the problems existing in the teaching, then puts forward multimedia teaching, courses on the Internet and reforming practice teaching. Results: The two years practices prove that multimedia teaching can enhance interests of students in microcomputer principle class, and course on internet can improve the study enthusiasm and initiative, and the practice that introduced single microcomputer principle and professional characteristics can exercise the ability of practical problem, and make theory and practice together. Conclusions: Multimedia teaching, course on internet and reforming practice teaching can improve teaching quality and the effect is obvious.


THE ORAL administration of radioactive iodine (I 131 )-labeled triolein is used widely now as a test of fat absorption. It has been advocated as a screening procedure for the detection of steatorrhea in all patients suspected of malabsorption of fat due either to disease of the small bowel or to insufficiency of pancreatic exocrine secretion. The test has the advantage that when blood radioactivity alone is measured as an indication of fat absorption, the results are available in 6 to 8 hours. When fecal radioactivity is used as a test of fat absorption, the determination is more simple than chemical analysis for fat. However, we have observed that the results of blood and fecal radioactivity determinations during the same test are not always in agreement as to the presence or absence of fat malabsorption. The purpose of the present study was to determine what limiting values for these 2


A 4 months old male Golden Hamster was presented with alopecia on dorso-lumbosacral area and hind legs with moderate pruritus. Impression smear examination was positive for budding yeast cells and skin scrapings revealed mites identified as Demodex sp. Treatment was done with external application of Ketochlor shampoo along with oral supplementation of Immunol syrup. Lesions disappeared and animal recovered uneventfully after 9 weeks of treatment.


Abstract . A new genus Austroriella Cargill & Milne and species Austroriella salta Milne & Cargill within the family Riellaceae is described. Known only from the type location at the margins of a saline lake in Western Australia it is the first record and description of a terrestrial species within this typically aquatic family. Female plants are typical of the family with a single reduced wing bearing a row of archegonia; male plants are not typical and are naviculate in form enclosing several rows of enclosed antheridia not unlike the males of Sphaerocarpos . Unlike Sphaerocarpos this species does bear oil bodies. Differences and affinities are also outlined briefly with closely related genera within the order Sphaerocarpales. Key words : Austroriella , Riella , Riellaceae, Western Australia, saline lakes, aquatic liverworts D. Christine Cargill, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, Australia 2601, and Australian National Botanic Gardens, GPO Box 1777, Canberra, ACT, Australia. 2601; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Milne, Royal Botanic Gardens Private Bag 2000 South Yarra 3141, VIC Australia


To improve the efficiency of biological filters used for treating recycled wastewater of aquaculture, the conventional and advanced DynaSand Filters were tested. Applying the fluid mechanics and physical chemistry theories to wastewater treatment plant, the advanced filter focuses on detection of wastewater characteristics and automatic operation of DynaSand Filter to improve backwashing, oxygen transport, turbidity removal and continuous head loss. The Filter removes COD, ammonia, and suspended solids (SS), the major pollutants in aquaculture wastewater. The total volume of the DynaSand Filter is 70 L, while the working volume is 35 L per cycle. The removal efficiency of the advanced DynaSand Filter is 71 % for SS(as against 55 % for the conventional filter), 84 % for ammonia, 85 % for T-P, and 88 % for SRP.


The present study aims at investigating the fluctuation of learners' willingness to communicate in three communicative tasks: Dictogloss, Jigsaw-Game, and problem solving. We focus on learners' L2 WTC in the classroom context seen from dynamic system theory. Six Indonesian undergraduate learners of English Department comprising linguistic features proficiency and motivational levels were elected as participants by encountering them in a three-subsequent-task performances. Concurrent assesment and Stimulated recall, and in-depth interview were used to investigate learners' WTC during the task performances in the classroom interaction. The former used WTC-metric by asking the participants to provide scores on five-minute-interval of total 60 minutes task performances, while the two latters used video-taped as stimulus to confirm learners' interaction in the classroom. The results reveal that learners' WTC fluctuate during three task performances in conjunction with variables that interplay and interconnect one to another. Additionally, some factors provoking either learners' willingness or unwillingness to communicate are discussed further.


The article is devoted to the discussion of the main characteristics of a new direction of educational lexicography – onomagraphy. Educational onomagraphy is qualified as an integrative lexicographic discipline that combines the experience of traditional lexicography, achievements of anthropo-oriented educational lexicography with the capabilities of the digital era lexicography in describing a proper name.


the development and revitalization of the domestic medical equipment is very important for the implementation of the strategy. To the development of domestic medical equipments are domestic equipment has a clear definition of what. Our core technology as the standard, the definition of what is the domestic medical equipment. According to this definition, put forward the implementation of domestic medical device registration system is proposed and the concrete implementation plan. The implementation of this system for development will revitalize the domestic medical equipment plays an important role


There is little scholarly information about parent involvement in their children's English as a Foreign Language (EFL henceforth) literacy learning in the Colombian context. This exploratory-qualitative study looks into the possible roles of parents and children in EFL literacy learning at home, with special emphasis on parental roles and contributions. The study has a three-fold purpose: (1) to describe the behaviour of parents and students when doing EFL literacy tasks at home, (2) to explore feelings and thoughts (perceptions) of parents and students about working together on EFL literacy tasks at home, and (3) to identify ways in which parents contribute to a student's EFL learning. Sixteen ninth grade students at a state school, and their parents or caregivers, carried out a series of EFL literacy tasks in their respective homes. Video recordings, field notes, qualitative interviews, and surveys were used as data collection tools. The results demonstrate that even when parents do not have a command of the English language, they have the potential to help with EFL learning from a non-linguistic point of view (e.g. monitoring children's homework, providing learning conditions, shaping children's minds for EFL by giving advice, and feedback about EFL homework development).


Introduction: Lung cancer is the second mortality cause in Mexico, therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the degree of diagnostic certainty of histology and cytology studies used at the National Institute of Respiratory Disease, where a sample quality control method is also needed. Material and methods: All cases of bronchial lavage, brushing and biopsies registered in the Pathology Department of this Institute from 1989 to 1998 were reviewed. Results: of 1,094 cases, 430 were females and 664 were males. The most frequent was adenocarcinoma with 501 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of bronchial lavage and brushing was 62, 58, 65 and 54% respectively, and its predictive value 83 and 80%. The correlation coefficient was 97% Conclusions: The three studies in conjunction are one of the most sensitive methods to identify pulmonary neoplasms.


As a matter of fact, the boundary conditions in periodic systems' band calculation come from the assumption that the crystal is invariant under translations, i.e., that there is no observable difference if an electron is located at x or at x+a, with a being the cell constant. Therefore, we set |Ψ(x)| = |Ψ(x+a)| and it follows Ψ(x+a) = e Ψ(x), i.e., the wave function at x and x+a are identical up to a phase. Then, we solve the Schrödinger equation for every phase e , φ ∈ [−π, π]. The plot of the obtained energies vs. φ is a set of continuous energy bands separated by forbidden gaps originated from Bragg diffraction at 2a = nλ, n = 1, 2, . . . with λ being DeBroglie wavelength of the electron.


The present article is concerned with the study of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) level in the blood serum of pregnant women  with post–trauma brain injury syndrome (post-TBI syndrome) as the marker of  hematoencephalic barrier status and predictor of obstetric and perinatal complications development.


In this issue of CQ, we are pleased to inaugurate a new Department, Professionalism, with an article by Jeffrey Blustein entitled "When Doctors Break the Rules: On the Ethics of Physician Noncompliance." The article examines the ethical dilemmas physicians face when they believe that promoting the best interests of patients requires them to break one or more institutional rules.


Reform in the realm of education in the perspective of Islamic education reformers is seen as an effective way in the process of Islamization in the archipelago and a strategic step in shaping the Islamic view of society. This article aims to analyze the transformation and progression of Islamic education promoted by TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Majid. This research was carried out in accordance with the principles of qualitative research using the library research. The result of this research is that the transformative Islamic education initiated by TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Majid by reforming several aspects of Islamic education was seen as very relevant to the condition of the people of Lombok at that time who were still in a state of ignorance due to pressure from the Dutch colonials. Renewal in the realm of Islamic education was seen as a strategic step in elevating the dignity of society at that time. Updates carried out by TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Majid carried out on aspects of learning materials, Islamic education goals and methods of Islamic education. From several aspects of the renewal, it is seen as relevant in the current era which is all technological and the demands of contemporary education learning today. students as figures of the Muslim generation are equipped to survive with the demands of the times while still being based on noble character and a foundation of religious knowledge that is capable, militant, has a patriotic spirit and high nationalism.


A proper immune response to environment requires the balanced participation of negative feedback system.Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs,as highly conserved sequences of immune inhibitory receptor,take important roles in negative regulation.Professional antigen presenting cell (APC) induces specific T cell response by presenting non-self antigen to T cell,but the response can be inhibited by the activation of immune inhibitory receptor expressed in APC.Regulating the expression of immune inhibitory receptors provides possible for the clinic therapy of tumor,virus infection and self-immune disease.


. The military developed the foundation. The White Paper (19%) identified the civilian need. Injury in America (1985) reaffirms the need. It is well documented that trauma the leading cause is of death for Americans between the ages of 1 and 44 years, and that it causes the loss of more working years of life than all forms of cancer and heart disease combined. It was reported in Injury in America' that one of every eight hospital beds is occupied by an injured patient and injuries constitute one of our most expensive health problems, with an annual cost of $100 billion. Trauma nursing, now recognized as a nursing specialty, is aligned closely with emergency nursing, critical care, and rehabilitation nursing specialty groups. However, there is a specific body of knowledge for trauma nursing, which includes the human physiologic and phychologic responses to traumatic injury, the relationship of mechanism of injury to severity and types of injury, the complexity of the therapeutic regimen for the multiply injured patient, and the restoration of body functions. Trauma nursing requires integration of knowledge from many specialities, such as the effects of stress and adaptation on the course of illness, the body's response to shock, and family theory. The need for a specific body of knowledge for trauma nursing was first recognized and documented in the landmark report, Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society.2 As stated in that publication, a major emergency facility "requires 24 hour staffing by highly competent medical and paramedical personnel trained in resuscitation and other lifesaving measures." The special education and training needs for trauma nurses were recognized by Boyd and Cowley3 in their development of trauma care systems. Trauma nursing, like the trauma care system, needs to be viewed as a continuum with specific points along it. Trauma nursing begins with the nursing care given to victims immediately after an accident and continues throughout the trauma care continuum until the patient is functioning independently. Nurses from many different nursing specialties may participate in the care and each requires a holistic approach as the patient moves through the cycle of trauma care. Nurses working in prehospital care, emergency departments, operating rooms, postanesthesia care units, intensive care, medical-surgical units, and rehabilitation programs are all involved in some facet of trauma nursing. Trauma nurses recognized a need for information and a forum in which to address system-related issues of trauma nursing such as designation standards and nursing care standards. In 1983, they began organizing the Trauma Nurse Network (TNN) as a forum for information sharing. This group was successful in consensus building and developing a definition of trauma nursing, philosphy statement, standards for designation, and education standards.4, ' The TNN is evolving into the Society of Trauma Nurses to foster the further development of trauma nursing as a subspecialty. The Society will promote coalition building among nurse specialty groups involved in trauma care in an effort to support federal and state legislation for trauma care, promote trauma nursing research, and further trauma nursing theory development. The TNN defines trauma nursing as follows:


Contents: M.Zepe. Water Steam in the Venus Atmosphere ; B.Sala, L.Kondraseva. Use of Solar Energy ; A.Balklavs. Century Long Astrophysics ; Z.Alksne, A.Alksnis. Plenty of Extrasolar Planets ; Z.Alksne, A.Alksnis. Unexpected Discovery of Spiral Structure in a Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy ; A.Balklavs. Hunting for the Black Holes ; J.Jaunbergs. Private Enterprise on Mir ; T.Czarnik. Surviving Explosive Decompression ; M.Gills. Space Research 40 Years Ago – Chronicle ; M.Krastiņs. Impressions about Rose Center for the Earth and Space ; K.Bērziņs. On Friendly Terms with Cosmology: Basic Principles and Models of the Universe (continuation) ; V.Flerov, A.Cēbers, D.Docenko, V.Kascejev. Latvia 24th Open Olympiad of Physics ; A.Andžāns. Great Festival of Mathematicians ; D.Docenko. Olympiad of Astronomy in Chernogolovka ; J.Jaunbergs. Martian Sand Dunes ; M.Gills. Competition for Readers ; From Readers' (and Observers') Letters ; J.Strauss. Starry Universe in Contemporary Latvian Book-Plate (Ex-Libris) (continuation) ; A.Balklavs. A New Teaching Aid in Astronomy ; I.Loze. The Sun Stone or Aztec Calendar ; I.Ondzule. The Story of the Reliefs of the Small Hall of the University of Latvia (concluded) ; A.Balklavs. Astronomical Calendar – Supplement to "Zvaigznota Debess" ; I.Pundure. "Everywhere Sun Shines for Me…" (Habits of Living in Christianity and Latvian Dainas) ; J.Kauliņs. The Starry Sky in the Autumn of 2000 ; Supplement: Astronomical Calendar 2001


The article examines the problem of economic development within a context of reductions of the investment resources. Russian economy is characterized by one of the highest borrowing costs. This affects the development of the real economy, as investment demand is shifting towards highly profitable projects. But the investments in the real sector have naturally lower profitability than financial speculations in securities of operating companies. In such circumstances, it is advisable to form a new organizational and economic mechanism of financing economic growth and modernization. The savings of the population should play a key role in this system, being the most important source of domestic investment.


The Mormanno traffic Bridge, built at the end of the year 2000 in South Italy, with its glulam exposed structure spanning around 70 m, is one of the most impressive traffic timber bridges in the world. The paper illustrates the various analysis executed for the assessment of the health of the structure and for the following maintenance actions during the first twelve years of service of the Bridge (2001-2013). In the year 2004 a first visit for the assessment of the health of the timber bridge was decided. A team of experts inspected the bridge in order to check the conditions of the timber structures and register all the damages produced by weathering, fungi and insects on the structural elements. The experts found the decay still limited but recommended a maintenance action capable to stop the initial degenerative process mainly due to a moisture content higher than normal. In the year 2008 [ a new inspection team visited the bridge for the second time in order to check the effectiveness of the measures of protection adopted four years before. Non-destructive testing were used to investigate the health of the main glulam arches. The decay in the members object of the previous maintenance in general had stopped or slowed down, but in some other parts the moisture content was still higher than acceptable and more protections were added. In the following years the maintenance was completed giving the bridge the possibility to extend its service with a sufficient level of safety. The frequent inspections of the bridge structure provided useful information for the maintenance of the Mormanno bridge but also in general for the design of the durability and for the maintenance planning of exposed timber structures. Fig. 1 the Mormanno Bridge in service


With the deepening of economic globalization and talent internationalization, the demonstration role and radiation effect of "talents" have become increasingly prominent. U.S. universities are favored by high-end talents all over the world and this is inseparable from their complete system of rights protection. This paper adheres to the legal status of rights protection and applies the concept of ruling the country according to law. By selecting several U.S. universities as the research sample, it aims to construct a complete rights protection system for foreign talents working in Chinese universities. Through literature review, international comparison and investigation, it turns out that U.S. universities have rich and incentive-oriented salary system, broad and flexible-chosen benefits, complete and law-based intellectual property protection and scientific two-time performance evaluation. All these have great reference significance to China's talent-priority strategy and innovation-driven strategy. Keywords—U.S. universities; foreign talents; rights protection


Neural networks are abstract structures modeled by the brain to store evidence in the form of spikes. When introduced in VLSI circuits, neural networks are supposed to have new computer processing methods and economically viable computer simulations. We suggest a novel set of training examples for neural nets spatial and temporal coding in this article. In just this procedure, going through the roof neuronal is programmed to promote analogue VLSI applications with resistor analogue memory, from which incredible energy consumption can be accomplished. Can also suggest many strategies to boost efficiency on a model training and prove that the proposed method's SVM classifier is as high as it was for the retrained dataset's province temporal coding Computational Intelligence algorithms. Incorporating the developed framework can even recommend very massive circuit boards. The frequency analogue circuits utilize intermittent processing to reimburse capacitance processes, unlike the traditional analogue voltage and current type circuitry being used compute-in-memory circuits. Even though connectors lacking operating amps can still be constructed, it can also be controlled with incredibly low energy consumption. Finally, the preservation of the designed highlights algorithms toward alterations from the system's production phase and is inevitable in analogue VLSI deployment.


Problem: Alzheimer disease (AD) is defined as "an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills" (National Institute on Aging) and is pathologically characterized by abnormal deposition of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. However, these abnormal protein aggregates also accumulate with aging, which complicates the distinction between aging and AD. Results: This presentation will discuss the concepts of disease and then compare and contrast these with the definition of Alzheimer disease. It briefly discusses causality and examines how associations have to be conflated with causality in the pathological diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases. It also indicates some inherent biases that pathologists have in identifying disease and the pathological changes resulting from diseases. The presentation will present examples from the Calgary Brain Bank of patients without known neurodegenerative disease who die at different ages, as well as different pathological presentations of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. Several known causes of AD will be reviewed and contrasted with what is commonly considered "normal aging". Discussion: This presentation argues that Alzheimer disease pathology represents a final common pattern of changes that results from several or possibly many different aetiologies. Recognizing that these changes have several different causes might better guide future research into late onset dementias. LEARNING OBJECTIVES This presentation will enable the learner to:1. Consider observational biases used in the diagnoses of different dementias2. Distinguish several aetiologies of Alzheimer-type Neuropathology3. Contemplate how neuropathology has done a disservice in dementia research by focusing on accumulations of abnormal proteins


Half-Heusler compounds have a wealth of distinctive characteristics that are promising for use as thermoelectric materials, including excellent electrical properties, mechanical robustness, and good thermal stability. One of the challenges to make efficient half-Heusler thermoelectric devices is the development of high-performance p-type and n-type half-Heusler compounds with compatible thermal and mechanical properties. In our studies, we focus on the development of the thermoelectric performance of MCoSband MNiSn-based (M = Hf, Zr, Ti) half-Heusler compounds. By employing phase separation and the optimization of carrier concentration, we enhanced the thermoelectric performance of p-type MCoSb-based compounds and obtained a high figure of merit zT of ≈ 1.0. Furthermore, by considering lanthanide contraction as a design factor to select reasonable alloying atoms, we developed high-performance n-type (Zr,Hf)CoSb-based thermoelectric compounds with a high zT of ≈ 1.0. Herein, we successfully establish MCoSb as the first half-Heusler system with matching p-type and n-type thermoelectric performances. Our results highlight the practical potential of this half-Heusler system for thermoelectric energy conversion.


Ultrafast nanocalorimetry, in combination with high-speed IR thermography, is used to measure the interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) of the thermal contact of metal microdroplets with a solid during fast melting (including laser heating). IR thermography and membrane nanocalorimetry were used to measure the temperature difference at the membrane/sample interface during the melting and crystallization of aluminium alloy (AA7075) microdroplets (20 μm in diameter) over a wide range of heating and cooling rates (up to 105 K s−1). This is the first time ITC has been measured at such high heating and cooling rates with this new method. We found that the interfacial temperature difference reaches about 80 K during the solidification of microdroplets during laser heating. This result is significant for understanding various industrial laser-assisted processes. It has been established that ITC measured for AA7075 microdroplets gradually increases by an order of magnitude during melting in the range from the solidus temperature to the liquidus temperature of the alloy. This unusual behavior of ITC during melting can be important for understanding and optimizing laser-assisted additive manufacturing processes.


Consider algorithmic decisions in societally critical domains such as healthcare [9, 16], education [28], criminal justice [3, 6], policing [26, 15] or finance [14]. Typically, machine learning algorithms train models on the available data so as to maximize accuracy that often leads to differential outcomes or errors across various sensitive groups, e.g., race or gender [3, 24, 4, 10, 7, 8]. Previous work on group-fairness achieves equality or nearequality of certain metrics for such groups, typically, via a trade-off between accuracy and group-fairness. The popular group-fair notions studied in classification are disparate impact [18, 13, 30], statistical parity [19, 31, 12], and equalized odds [17, 20, 29]. All these notions share the common characteristic of equalizing one or more performance metrics (such as predictive prevalence, false positive rate, false negative rate) across groups. Thus, the group-fair algorithms aim to maximize accuracy subject to nearequality of one or multiple performance metrics across different groups. Such group-fairness constraints are often non-convex, and the group-level adjustments made by group-fair algorithms are often unfair to similar individuals. For instance, consider the medical domain where doctors assess the severity of a person's illness (risk probability) and prioritize treatment accordingly. It may be acceptable to prioritize patients based on a given reliable estimate of a patient's risk, but any deviation from this rule to incorporate group-fairness (with good intentions) may deprive some high-risk people from receiving treatment, thus being individually unfair. In this paper, we study infra-marginality [26, 11], a concept which measures the deviation from individual-fairness. To remove infra-marginality,


During the 19th and 20th centuries, throughout the European geography spas spread, buildings designed to facilitate sea and thermal baths as a source of health, so fashionable at that time. As a case study, those of the beach of Alicante, the first seaport connected to the Spanish capital by rail and one of the first attraction hubs of the tourism coming from the interior of the peninsula, are analyzed. The Levantine spas were simple wooden structures, composed of covered platforms on the sea, supported on foundation piles stuck in the sand as sophisticated piers. In a paradigmatic way, the construction and typology of one of these spas is analyzed. This article aims to demonstrate the relevance of these buildings that, despite their marked seasonal character, formed part of the landscape of Alicante seafront for more than a century.


This paper presents a capacity planning model for the Indian aluminium industry based on a linear dynamic programming technique. The model has been used to analyse energy demand and CO 2 emission for the period 1992-2021.


The C12-aminoalditol H2NCH2–(CHOBn)10–CH2OH was prepared from two simple monosaccharide building blocks. The synthesis was realized by a regioselective introduction of the azide group and subsequent protection–deprotection transformations. The chemical reactivity of the aminoalditol was tested in the reductive amination reaction with a selectively protected sucrose monoaldehyde.


This article aims to provide a debate on critical methodologies for research. For this debate I centre on contributions from feminist research and post-colonial and decolonial studies on science concerning epistemological violence. In this sense, the understanding of inclusion and the acknowledgement of power relations in research are seen as key for epistemology, methodology and methods for research. Feminist studies developed key-aspects on power relations. In this article I will focus on the notions of situationality, interseccionality and reflexivity, which will be seen alongside dilemmas and paradoxes seen in examples of critical research. These aspects bring aspects regarding the inclusion of traditionally excluded, misrepresented or under-represented groups in research.


Gestures by hand are an effective and efficient means to interact with machines. We present a method for recognizing gestures via the analysis of interrupted light patterns using visible light. Utilizing low-cost and easily accessible components, the system can exploit existing light communications infrastructures. A probabilistic type neural network is applied to learn the sequence of obfuscated light patterns during movement of the hands. A novel preprocessing of the received light is introduced enabling the use of an accurate but low-complexity class of neural network.


Allotypic determinants were detected on the Fab fragments of mouse IgG by guinea pig antisera prepared against polymerized Fab fragments of IgG from the C57BL and AKR strains. Different markers were detected by the two antisera. Indirect precipitation, with 125I-labeled Fab as ligand, was used for the assay. Each of the two markers was present on 20 to 25% of the Fab population. With one antiserum it was shown that this was due to restriction of the marker to one IgG subclass (IgG2a); it was inferred that a subclass restriction applies to the other antiserum as well. This, and the absence of markers on free light chains, suggest that the determinant(s) are present in the CH1 domain. Among various strains there is a close correlation between the possession of a Fab marker and the linkage group, based on Fc determinants, to which a strain belongs. With antiserum to C57BL Fab all strains in a given linkage group were the same with respect to the presence or absence of the Fab marker; strains carrying the Ig-1b allele were positive whereas all other strains tested were negative. Strains with a given allele also behaved similarly with respect to the anti-AKR Fab antiserum, except that this reagent divided the Ig-1a allelic group of strains into two subgroups.


A simple two-lanes traffic flow model using cellular automaton is investigated. In this model, if the car density is set within a certain range, the following characteristic behavior of traffic flow is observed. i) The self-organization of the slow and fast lanes in spite of the symmetry between these two lanes. ii) The appearance of several branches and hysteresis in the relation between traffic flow and car density.


The managing status of foreign unsaturated polyester resin(UPR)enterprise,supply and demand of UPR main raw materials such as styrene,phthalic anhydride,maleic anhydride and propylene glycol were introduced.The research and application advances in UPR including development of bio-based UPR composites,novel preparation methods of UPRs and their composites and improvement of UPR test methods and mechanical properties.


The present invention describes a method of sampling apparatus in concentration agent concentration and microorganism sampling device described herein. More specifically, a sampling device in concentration agent from large sample volumes method concentrate microorganisms may be provided under various conditions fast, low cost, simple (not involve complicated apparatus or program) and / or effective process .


We introduce a class of subshifts under the name of "standard one-counter shifts". The standard one-counter shifts are the Markov coded systems of certain Markov codes that belong to the family of one-counter languages. We study topological conjugacy and flow equivalence of standard one-counter shifts. To subshifts there are associated C*-algebras by their $\lambda$-graph systems. We describe a class of standard one-counter shifts with the property that the C*-algebra associated to them is simple, while the C*-algebra that is associated to their inverse is not. This gives examples of subshifts that are not flow equivalent to their inverse. For a family of highly structured standard one-counter shifts we compute the K-groups.


Take-home message: The authors investigated the relationship between podoplanin-expressing tumor-associated fibroblasts and the tumor microenvironment in stage I lung squamous cell carcinoma through gene expression profiles and the use of immunohistochemistry. In vitro studies of podoplanin-high squamous cell carcinoma fibroblasts showed higher secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. Patient sample testing also seemed to suggest that podoplanin-expression resulted in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Take-home message: The expression of DLK1 was evaluated in 112 cases of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and 101 cases of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and examined to learn if there is prognostic significance. Twenty-one percent of SCLC and 17% of NSCLC expressed DLK1; however, expression was only associated with lymph node metastases in NSCLC and therefore perhaps not surprisingly poorer recurrence-free survival, but was otherwise of no special significance. The authors further showed that DLK1 might serve as a novel therapeutic target for immunotherapy using in vitro and animal models. Take-home message: CD61 immunohistochemical staining was quantitated in lung tissue obtained from autopsy cases ( n = 27) to assess platelet deposition. The cohort comprised 3 cases with histologically normal lungs, 4 cases of DAD without primary lung infections, 9 patients with COVID-19, 2 with influenza, 4 each with different types of bacterial and invasive fungal pneumonias, and 1 with bilateral pulmonary thromboembolic disease. Infectious causes of lung disease resulted in increased CD61 expression compared to controls and the level of staining in COVID-19 was similar to that seen in non-infectious causes of DAD. Take-home message: In this observational study, the authors compare the number of megakaryocytes seen in lung tissue from COVID-19 patients who underwent autopsy ( n = 18) to a control group comprised of patients with diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) who died of other causes ( n = 14) and a second control group of histologically normal lung tissue obtained from lobectomy specimens performed for tumor resection ( n = 14). The number of megakaryocytes counted in 25 HPF in COVID-19 patients was elevated (7.61 ± 5.59) compared to non-COVID-19 DAD (4 ± 4.17) and normal (1.14 ± 0.86) controls. The authors propose that the increase in pulmonary megakaryocytes may be implicated in the thrombotic events seen in patients with severe COVID-19.


According to the characteristics of meltcasted exhaust-heat drum steam generator,double impulses control scheme based on the water level of drum and steam flow (differential coefficient) has been developed.The operational performance has proved that the scheme successfully realize a series of aims,such as steady state of drum water level,small wave and stability of water supply,etc.


Abstract Motivated by decoupling effects in coupled oscillators, by viscous shock profiles in systems of nonlinear hyperbolic balance laws, and by binary oscillation effects in discretizations of systems of hyperbolic balance laws, we consider vector fields with a one-dimensional line of equilibria, even in the absence of any parameters. Besides a trivial eigenvalue zero we assume that the linearization at these equilibria possesses a simple pair of nonzero eigenvalues which cross the imaginary axis transversely as we move along the equilibrium line.  In normal form and under a suitable nondegeneracy condition, we distinguish two cases of this Hopf-type loss of stability, hyperbolic and elliptic . Going beyond normal forms we present a rigorous analysis of both cases. In particular, α - and ω -limit sets of nearby trajectories consist entirely of equilibria on the line.


An encephalocele results from failure of the surface ectoderm to separate from the neuroectoderm. The prevalance ranges from 0.8 to 4 per 10.000 live births. The occiput is the most common site. During a 3 years' period 5 babies with occipital encephalocele were evaluated. All babies were girls. One mother was 45 years old, the others were around 25 years-old. All babies were born with cesarean sectio. Maternal folic acid (FA) consumption revealed that only 2 mothers used FA irregularly, not beginning preconceptionally. The rest 3 mothers did not use any supplementation nor any other drugs. One baby had also anencephaly and was lost on the 2nd day of life. The rest babies had hydrocephalus, corpus callosum agenesis, meningomyelocele and underwent surgery. One baby has serious feeding problems thus is on nasogastric feeding. The surviving babies are between 10–26 months, all having physical rehabilitation. Physically the 4 babies are below 3rd percentile both for weight and height. In conclusion, occipital encephalocele is a life-threatening cranial anomaly. The overall outcome of the patient depends on the site and dimension of the lesion, as well as presence of accompanying congenital anomalies. Close multidisciplinary follow-up is needed. FA supplemantation should be nationally provoked.


Purpose: While the literature includes multiple studies on the relationship between school leadership and instructional quality, they often use instructional practice as a continuous variable, assuming that a teacher would perform all sub-dimensions of instructional practice at a similar rate and failing to link distributed leadership to classroom teaching. Addressing these gaps in the literature, this study aims to identify teacher- and school-level latent profiles of teachers' instructional practices and to investigate how distributed leadership predicts teachers' membership in different instructional practice profiles, with the mediating role of teacher collaboration. Research Methods/Approach: The study employed a cross-sectional survey design using Türkiye's TALIS data for lower secondary education. Multilevel latent profile analysis with mediation modeling was conducted on data from 3,223 teachers in 192 schools. Findings: This analysis yielded four teacher profiles: laissez-faire, typical, controlling, and versatile; and two school profiles, high controlling and high laissez-faire. Findings indicate that distributed leadership promotes professional collaboration in lessons among teachers, which could, in turn, play a critical role in determining both individual teacher- and school-level profiles. Implications: This study provides practical contributions to understanding the nature of classroom teaching, suggesting that future studies should use instructional practice profiles instead of a single construct of teaching.


It was carried out for development of natural antimicrobial on Scutellariae Radix by measuring the general nutritional composition and mineral contents. This study analyzed it with LC-MS to identify antimicrobial activity substance in the Scutellariae Radix extract, its content was analyzed using HPLC. The searching substance was examined antimicrobial activity by disk method. The approximate composition of Scutellariae Radix was of moisture, of crude ash, of crude protein, of crude fat, of carbohydrate, respectively. Scutellariae Radix was contained high contents of minerals such as K(12,050 mg/kg),. Mg(4,295 mg/kg), remarkably. It was identified that molecular weight 445' peak was baicalin, molecular weight 283' peak was wogonin and molecular weight 269' peak was baicalein on Scutellariae Radix extract Baicalin showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against V. parahaemolyticus and L monocytogenes when examined by disk method, which was estimated antimicrobial activity substance in the Scutellariae Radix extract. The content of baicalin was (with D.W.) and (with methanol) in the Scutellariae Radix extract using HPLC.


Objective Recent evolution in prenatal imaging is HDlive silhouette/flow technology. By HDlive silhouette mode, an inner cystic structure can be depicted through the outer surface structure of the body and it can be appropriately named as 'see-through fashion'. HDlive flow mode adds more spatial resolution to conventional 3D ultrasound angiogram. We have utilized this technology in neuroimaging and investigated its clinical significance.


Background Benefits of patients with end‐stage renal disease and atrial fibrillation undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis are unknown. Methods and Results Patients undergoing dialysis were retrieved from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database during 2001 to 2013 and separated into PD or hemodialysis. Primary outcomes were ischemic stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). An inverse probability of treatment weighting based on propensity score was used to reduce the confounding. The risk of outcomes between PD and hemodialysis was compared using Cox proportional hazard model for fatal outcomes or Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model which considered death a competing risk, respectively. A total of 7916 patients with end‐stage renal disease with atrial fibrillation undergoing PD or hemodialysis during 2001 to 2013 were identified. After exclusion criteria, 363 patients receiving PD and 5302 patients receiving hemodialysis were analyzed. At 1‐year follow‐up, the risk of ICH was significantly lower in the PD group compared with the hemodialysis group (0.2% versus 0.9%; subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 0.31; 95% CI, 0.17–0.57). At 3‐year follow‐up, the risks of major bleeding and ICH were significantly lower in the PD group compared with the hemodialysis group (major bleeding: 1.8% versus 3.2%; SHR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.53–0.87; ICH: 0.5% versus 2%; SHR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.21–0.48). At 5‐year follow‐up, ischemic stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, and ICH were significantly lower in the PD group compared with the hemodialysis group (ischemic stroke/systemic embolism: 12.4% versus 17.7%, SHR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79–0.96; major bleeding: 2.6% versus 4.1%; SHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64–0.97; ICH: 0.5% versus 2.6%; SHR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.17–0.37). Conclusions In patients with end‐stage renal disease and atrial fibrillation, dialytic modalities by PD or hemodialysis impacted these patients differently. There were overall reduced ischemic stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, and ICH at 5‐year follow‐up in patients undergoing PD compared with hemodialysis.


Topic of this thesis is communication of the company using social media focused on one particular company ? Svijany Brewery. Social media, respectively, social networks are currently one of the fastest growing areas in marketing communications. Users grow by millions worldwide and companies are trying to make the best of how to communicate with your customers (or potential customers) and also for the sale of its products or services. The work is mainly concerned with communication strategies of Svijany Brewery, its opportunities and threats for communication in social media. The aim of this work is in the theoretical part to define notions necessary to understand the individual components of communications, define social media, which will thesis deal with and last but not least to determine the methodology for the analytical part of the work. In this part will be analyzed current situation, opportunities and threats in communication development and communi-cation of competitive companies. The project part is to prepare the communication itself.


Report presenting an investigation of inlets utilizing two-dimensional compression wedges mounted normal to the fuselage surface with ram-type scoops for partial removal of the boundary layer. Two compression-wedge angles were included to simulate fixed positions of a variable-geometry configuration. Results regarding supersonic performance characteristics and subsonic and take-off performance characteristics are provided.


The characteristics of a bow‐shaped microstrip patch antenna are analyzed and compared with a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The various parameters such as return loss, gain, and VSWR are determined and compared. It is found that the center frequency of the bow‐shaped antenna is lower by about 12.82% than that of the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. This implies that the size of the patch needs to be reduced in order to maintain the same resonant frequency. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 158–160, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11314


Industrial relations in the period of transformation take on a feature of complicatedness and diversity.Workers' legitimate rights are increasingly infringed.To solve the problems popping up in this period,we should accelerate the speed of constructing labor laws and legislations,take continuous efforts to enhance the institutions solving industrial conflicts and strengthen the functional construction of labor markets.


The zeta function of an affine variety over a finite field contains comprehensive information on the number of points of the variety for all the field extensions of the finite field. This expository paper follows Koblitz's treatment [2] of Dwork's proof [1] of the rationality of zeta functions of affine varieties over finite fields, also known as the rationality statement of the Weil Conjectures.


The L723 low mass class 0 protostellar object has been observed with the IRS low resolution spectrometer onboard Spitzer Space Telescope. A huge CO 2  ice column density of 6.3  ± 1 $\times$ 10 18  cm -2 is detected toward this extremely red object. We constructed the spectral energy distribution (SED) of L723 by combining the Spitzer spectral data with Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) camera extracted fluxes, IRAS points, ISO long wavelength spectrometer (LWS) observations and millimeter ground based observations. A self consistent 1D model was developed to fit the SED. We show that, besides the high CO 2 column density, the abundance ratio of CO 2  ice to silicates grain cores is similar to other lines-of-sight.


Purpose: To evaluate initial and long-term results of secondary interventions after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with an AneuRx endoprosthesis. Methods: Between 1996 and 2003, an AneuRx device was used primarily in 212 patients (197 men; mean age 71±7.0 years). Sixty-two (29%) patients (58 men; mean age 73±7.2 years) required a secondary intervention (percutaneous, endovascular, or open repair) after EVAR and were prospectively followed after their secondary interventions. Data were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Of the 212 AneuRx patients, 59 (28%) required secondary interventions for endoleaks (28 type Ia, 6 type Ib, 8 type II, and 17 type III) and 3 (1%) for obstruction of the endoprosthesis. The mean interval between primary EVAR and secondary intervention was 39±30 months. The yearly risk of requiring a secondary intervention after receiving a primary AneuRx graft was 3.7%. Overall 30-day morbidity after a secondary intervention was 18% (11/62); the 30-day mortality was 5% (3/62). Short endovascular extender cuffs were used for type Ia endoleaks in 23 of 28 patients. Over a mean follow-up of 81 ±34 months after the secondary intervention, the success of short endovascular cuffs for treatment of type Ia endoleak was 52% (12/23); the remaining 11 (48%) patients required additional reinterventions for recurrent endoleak or persistent aneurysm growth. Conclusion: Patients with a primary AneuRx stent-graft had an acceptable yearly risk of requiring a secondary intervention following EVAR, but 30-day morbidity and mortality rates were significant and must be taken into account during primary decision making for endovascular or open repair. Proximal extender cuffs may not be a durable treatment for type Ia endoleak.


The compositions and characteristics of the pyrolytical tar from the mixture of waste printed circuit boards and calcium carbonate are studied by GC/MS,HPLC,ICP and other analyses.The effects of calcium carbonate on the properties of pyrolystic tar are investigated,and the results show that calcium carbonate can not only adsorb hydrogen bromide,but also effectively reduce the contents of heavy metals and organobromine compounds in the pyrolytic tar,and increase the contents of phenol and 4-isopropylphenol.The quantitative analysis of pyrolytical tar shows that the pyrolystic tar contains 68% of phenol (as mass fraction),7.6% of bisphenol A and their derivatives organobromine compounds,of 16.32% water and 2.07% of ammonia,the total content of phenol and 4-isopropylphenol is over 56%,so it has very high commercial value to separate and recover.


The structures of the two nitrene complexes [Mo 2(C_~Hs)2(C3HsNOz)202], C I6H20Mo2N206 (I) [triclinic, C1, a = 6.819 (4), b = 8.115 (3), c = 10.095 (7) A, a = 93.35 (4), B = 124.26 (4),), = 92.62 (3)°1, and [Mo2(C 5H5)2(C 3HsNOz)O 3], CI3HIsMo2NO 5 (II) [monoclinic, P2Jc, a = 8.439 (2), b = 26.218 (4), c = 6.789 (2) A, B = 98.66 (2) °] have been determined. (I) and (II) are binuclear complexes, both having a Mo-Mo bond. In (I) the two Mo atoms are joined by two NCOOC2H 5 groups, in (II) by a/I-NCOOC2H 5 and a/z-O bridge. The structures have been refined to a final R of 0.029 (I) and 0.037 (II).


CrosScan: The Crossword Scanning App is a new Android application that allows users to scan crossword puzzles with the camera and complete scanned puzzles digitally. There are two aspects of the app: (1) scanning puzzles from newspapers, magazines, and other physical media, and (2) solving the scanned puzzles interactively in the application. In this paper, we discuss the current CrosScan prototype and the corresponding usability study. Findings of this usability study reveal that users are happy with the design and would use the final application, but they also believe there is room for improvement in app navigation and aesthetics. We then analyze these results within the framework of Android Design Principles and Material Design, using our findings to propose an iterative redesign of the application. ACM Classification


Abstract : This thesis was conducted to identify predictors of first-term Navy enlisted personnel attrition and to determine the relative influence of various individual and organizational factors on attrition. A cohort of non-prior service recruits was tracked over a 34-month period, and the attrition rates of general detail and Navy A school personnel holding a voluntary release option were compared to those of a control group not holding such an option. Whereas the traditional demographic predictors, in isolation, explained only a small percent of the variance in the dependent variable (attrition), a marked improvement in accuracy of attrition prediction was observed following the inclusion of various organizational and situational factors, such as Navy school attended, entering rate, and initial fleet assignment. These variables added significantly to the accuracy of attrition predictions and should aid Navy managers in developing initiatives for countering attrition.


This paper analyzed the formation mechanism of deformation of the Leading-edge body of 2#WangjialingLandslide.As the strong hydrophilicity of the expansive soil,it is easy to intenerate with the water when raining.Rainfall isthe main external causes of the landslide.In addition,the leading edge is very free,and the shear-strength of the expansivesoil is easy to attenuate when it meets water,which is the internal cause for the landslide.Based on the characters of thelandslide,varied methods,such as"filling,cutting,retaining,finishing"are used to control the deformation and the result issatisfied.


E-selectin, an endothelial ceil adhesion molecule, is expressed on the surface of activated endothelial cells. Its role in neutrophil recruitment in acute murine inflammation, a previously undescribed entity, was the focus of this work. The interaction between P-selectin and E-seiectin in neutrophil extravasation was also investigated. Two murine models of acute inflammation were utilized in this work: acute pneumonitis induced by intranasal (IN) instillation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and chemical peritonitis Induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of thioglycollate broth. Intranasal LPS, a novel model, resulted in a progressive influx of neutrophils into the lungs begining near airways and extending into distant alveoli 4-6 hours later. Intraperitoneal thioglycollate is a model commonly used to examine the role of adhesion molecules in acute inflammation. E-selectin expression, which peaked 4-6 hours post-treatment, was immunohistochemicaily detected on the endothelium of scattered vessels in the lungs of mice following IN instillation of LPS. P-selectin was detected in endothelial cells in control mouse lungs and increased post-treatment with IN LPS. Blocking with anti-E-selectin MAb did not decrease the neutrophil count in the peritoneal cavity following IP injection of thioglycollate. Nor did these antibodies decrease the neutrophil count in the bronchoalveolar lavage of mice 2 hours after IN instillation of LPS; whereas, by 6 hours post-treatment, there was a moderate decrease. However, when anti-P-selectin MAb were combined with the anti-E-selectin MAb, a significant increase in blocking was seen in the 6 hour group, demonstrating a redundancy in the function of these molecules. A


Offers of payment to research participants, though quite common, persist as a source of ethical controversy. U.S. regulations governing human subjects research do not specifically address offers of payment; yet, in practice, many institutional review boards (IRBs) seem to fear that approving offers of payment that are "too high" runs counter to their regulatory obligation to minimize the possibility of coercion and undue influence.1 As a result, there is a tendency toward payment conservatism: offers of payment to research participants are kept low as a precautionary measure.2 This better-safe-than-sorry approach, however, fails to appreciate that coercion is not a payment problem, that IRB review itself serves as protection against undue influence, and that whether an offer of payment is too high should not be the only — or even the most prominent — consideration. Real ethical and practical concerns associated with payments that are "too low" should command IRBs' attention.


In this article we analyze how the development of regions of technological innovation within the cities can be appropriated into the urban management process, making these innovation poles catalytic to projects of recovery of urban areas.


Six new prenylated hydroquinones named ganocalidin A–F (1–6) and two new compounds of ganocalicine A (7) and B (8), together with sixteen known compounds (9–24) were isolated from an EtOAc extract of the fruiting body of Ganoderma calidophilum. The new compound structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis including 1D, 2D NMR and MS. Compounds 1 and 7 showed inhibitory activity effects on β-hexosaminidase activity (IC50 9.44 and 9.14 μM, respectively), and significantly reduced the production of IL-4 and LTB4 by RBL-2H3 cells in response to antigen stimulation, suggesting that 1 and 7 possess anti-allergic activity.


Objective: to evaluate the infusion of enteral nutrition in adult patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Method: a descriptive, quantitative and longitudinal study, carried out over four months in a high-complexity public hospital, with patients using enteral nutritional therapy. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed with mean, standard deviation and percentage. Results: enteral nutrition was administered early after admission to the intensive care unit in most of the cases (64%). In 71% of the patients, the infusion volume of enteral nutrition was between 80% and 100% of that prescribed. The factors that most limited the infusion were complications in the use of the feeding tube (14%), hemodynamic and clinical instability (12%), and gastric stasis (12%). Conclusion: the infusion of enteral nutrition proved to be satisfactory and, among the factors that limited the infusion, many are preventable with the improvement of Nursing care, requiring the training of the team.


For an analysis of relationship between platelet sialic acid and platelet associated IgG (PA-IgG), PA-IgG and sialic acid level in both platelet and plasma were measured. PA-IgG was measured by immunfluorescent assay. This immunofluorescent assay is based on the treatment of platelets with neuraminidase. Sialic acid levels of platelets and plasma were measured by the thiobarbituric acid method.In patients with thrombocytopenia (ITP, acute leukemic patients who received platelet concentrates from random donors), the PA-IgG positive rates (% PA-IgG) in neuraminidase-treated and non-treated platelets were 37.0±4.18% and 7.9±2.33%, respectively. The results indicated that % PA-IgG was significantly elevated by neuraminidase treatment of platelets.Platelets from normal controls had a mean sialic acid of 0.72+0.30mg/108 platelets. Platelets from the patients had a mean sialic acid of 0.86+0.44mg/108 platelets. Sialic acid levels of platelets were significantly elevated in the patients. Sialic acid levels of plasma were elevated in the patients, but there was no correlation between platelet and plasma sialic acid in the patients.These findings suggest that the higher quality of sialic acid on the patient platelets might inhibit the detection of the PA-IgG.


The diseases that are transmitted through contaminated water are known as waterborne diseases. Water contaminated by faecal matter is the commonest mode of transmission of the offending microorganisms to man. Some of the important waterborne diseases/ pathogens are Cholera, Shigellosis, and Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium. Entamoeba histolytica, Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, and Enteroinvasive E. coli cause bloody diarrhoea (dysentery).


ABSTRACT In 2013, Russia passed two laws aimed at the LGBT community, including the law that provided administrative penalties for 'propaganda of non-traditional relationships'. The laws generated strong international criticism, and were widely seen as the actions of an insulated authoritarian leadership against domestic critics. While domestic factors were very significant, they are insufficient to explain Russia's legislation, for two reasons: first, because the timing of Russia's reforms coincided with the legalisation of same-sex marriage in Britain and France; and second, because Russia had been working for years to promote the heterosexual 'traditional family' in international bodies such as the United Nations. This paper examines the respective roles of domestic and international factors in Russia's laws on same-sex relationships, and situates Russia's messaging on LGBTQ issues in the context of the literatures on global norm diffusion and the 'right to the truth'.


Here, we describe a novel approach for small surface object detection with an onboard infrared (IR) camera working in maritime scenes. First, we propose a simple but effective tool called the local minimum patterns (LMP), which are theoretically the approximated coefficients of some stationary wavelet transforms, for single image background estimation. Second, potential objects are segmented by an adaptive threshold estimated from the saliency map, which is obtained by background subtraction. Using the LMP based wavelet transforms and the histogram of the saliency map, the threshold can be automatically determined by singularity analysis. Next, we localize potential objects by our proposed fast clustering algorithm, which, compared with popular K-Means, is much faster and less sensitive to noises. To make the surveillance system more reliable, we finally discuss how to integrate multiple cues, such as scene geometry constraints and spatio-temporal context, into detections by Bayesian inference. The proposed method has shown to be both effective and efficient by our extensive experiments on some challenging data sets with a competitive performance over some state-of-the-art techniques.


Abstract This article analyses how the first circumnavigation of the world, from 1519 to 1522, introduced South America as a key space in the formation of the 'global', thus producing a historical point of inflection. We examine the commercial and political plans and networks that began to function as a result of this new connectivity, which turned the American continent into a major global axis. The analysis focuses on the way in which this voyage gave new prominence to an unexplored region of the world, namely the southernmost tip of America, thus changing the notion of habitability that had prevailed for centuries in Europe. These changes questioned the authority of 'ancient' Greek thinkers and strengthened a European historical narrative that appropriated the discovered territories and distinguished the extreme southern part of America from other southern regions, as symbolized through figures such as the Patagonian giants. I consider these changes based on evidence from Spanish sources.


Abstract : The research accomplished and described here validates and extends a model to classify prostate cancer patients according to disease relapse following definitive radiation therapy. The original model was developed within a hierarchical nonlinear mixed effect modeling framework with likelihood based estimation incorporating the EM algorithm. The model was tested statistically using a subset of 35 patients with relatively homogenous tumor and treatment characteristics. The research described in this report successfully applied the methodology to a larger population of men (>600 patients) representing all stages of disease via the modeling of covariates, including tumor differentiation, stage, and pre-treatment PSA. The success of the modeling was dependent upon a Bayesian framework with Markov chain Monte Carlo methodology for estimating mixture distribution parameters. Poor mixing and slow convergence were encountered and required various re-parameterizations and creative initialization techniques. The analysis includes an assessment of predictors of post-nadir rise, as salvage therapy strategies are often designed around the rate of increase in PSA levels post-nadir, as well as an analysis of predictors of initial decline and its relationship to outcome. The modeling was compared to biochemical classification using a clinical definition of relapse and also to clinical results as obtained from imaging and/or biopsy.


The invention discloses a layout structure of a high-precision temperature-measuring chip with ultra-high ESD (Electronic Static Discharge) circuit and belongs to the technical field of integrated circuit design. The layout structure of the high-precision temperature-measuring chip with the ultra-high ESD circuit consists of a first layout area, a second layout area, a third layout area, a fourth layout area, a fifth layout area, a sixth layout area, a seventh layout area, an eighth layout area and a ninth layout area. Each layout area position of the high-precision temperature-measuring chip with the ultra-high ESD circuit is fixed, the design of the layout of the high-precision temperature-measuring chip with ultra-high ESD circuit is optimized, and the interference to a temperature detection/analog circuit by digital noise is reduced.


Body size is an important life history trait that can evolve rapidly as a result of how species interact with each other and their environment. Invasive species often encounter vastly different ecological conditions throughout their introduced range that can influence relative investment in growth, reproduction and defence among populations. In this study, we quantified variation in worker size, morphology and proportion of majors among five populations of a worldwide invasive species, the big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius). The sampled populations differed in ant community composition, allowing us to examine if P. megacephala invests differently in the size and number of majors based on the local ant fauna. We also used genetic data to determine if these populations of P. megacephala represented cryptic species or if morphological differences could be attributed to change following introduction. We found significant variation in worker mass among the populations. Both major and minor workers were largest in Australia, where the ant fauna was most diverse, and minor workers were smallest in Hawaii and Mauritius, where P. megacephala interacted with few to no other ants. We also found differences in major and minor worker morphology among populations. Majors from Mauritius had significantly larger heads (width and length) relative to whole body size than those from Hawaii and Florida. Minors had longer heads and hind tibias in South Africa compared with populations from Australia, Hawaii and Florida. The proportion of majors did not differ among populations, suggesting that these populations may not be subject to trade-offs in investment in major size versus number. Our molecular data place all samples within the same clade, supporting that these morphologically different populations represent the same species. These results suggest that the variation in shape and morphology of major and minor workers may therefore be the result of rapid adaptation or plastic responses to local conditions. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 113, 423–438.


Objective
To monitor the resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to azithromycin and the distribution of resistance to azithromycin gonococcal strains in 11 regions of Guangdong Province, and the epidemic trends of resistance to azithromycin gonococcal strains in Guangzhou from 2013 to 2018, providing guidance for clinical treatment and control.

Methods
The clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were collected from 11 regions of Guangdong in 2018 and Guangzhou from 2013 to 2018. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of azithromycin against the isolates were quantified through the agar dilution method or microdilution method. The susceptibility of isolates was judged with WHO recommendation, and was compared among different regions or years.

Results
The MIC50 and MIC90 of 1 178 isolates from Guangdong in 2018 were 0.5 and 1mg/L, and the MIC90 reached the critical value (MIC≥1 mg/L) . Seven regions reached or exceeded this critical value. The resistance to azithromycin rate in Guangdong was 20.03% (236/1 178) ; and in Shenzhen was 14.29% (31/217) , which was significantly lower than that in Guangdong (χ2=3.912, P<0.05) . The resistance to azithromycin rate in Zhongshan was 40.21% (39/71) , which was significantly higher than that in Guangdong (χ2=21.558, P<0.01) . The MIC50 and MIC90 of 624 isolates from Guangzhou in 2013-2018 were 0.5 and 1 mg/L, and the MIC90 also reached the critical value (MIC≥1 mg/L) . The MICs of azithromycin exceeded the critical value in these strains isolated in 2016 and 2018 (MIC90=2 mg/L) . The resistance to azithromycin rate increased from 11.90% (10/84) to 23.49% (39/166) in 2013-2018, showing a significant upward trend (χ2trend=6.276, P<0.05) .

Conclusions
The resistance to azithromycin rate is high in 11 regions of Guangdong Province. The prevalence rates of resistance to azithromycin gonococcus in Shenzhen and Zhongshan are lower and higher than the general level, respectively. And the epidemic trend of resistance to azithromycin gonococcus increased significantly from 2013 to 2018 in Guangzhou, and azithromycin should be used according to the result of antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Key words:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Microdilution; Azithromycin; Resistance


Like biological system evolution was influenced by environment,technological system also experienced constant changes due to impact from product market.The previous technological evolution theory was used for predicting incremental technological innovation which was on single segment S curve.However,the evolutions among S curve belonged to the evolution route bifurcation which couldn't be predicted by means of traditional technological evolution path.Based on technological evolution theory,innovation in technological evolution process was divided into Incremental Innovation and Mutational Innovation,the latter included Radical Innovation and Disruptive Innovation,the producing beforehand of Mutational Innovation was doped out through technological evolution bifurcation.Technological evolution bifurcation was studied deeply and the mechanism of technological evolution path bifurcation was summed up which was based on Mutational Innovation,so as to achieve the prediction of technological evolution bifurcation and the producing beforehand.Finally,the innovative design to electric fusion machine was conducted;the validity of the proposed method was also verified,which was based on the advanced technological evolution bifurcation producing beforehand method.


The problem of the stochastic stability analysis and state feedback stabilization for nonlinear stochastic differential semi‐Markov jump systems with incremental quadratic constraints is investigated in this article. Different from Markovian process, the transition rate is time varying with known bounds and the sojourn time is conformed to the Weibull distribution in semi‐Markov process. Traditional nonlinear constraint such as Lipschitz, one‐sided Lipschitz, and so forth, is extended to incremental quadratic constraint. By the mode‐dependent Lyapunov function and the slack variable method, the sufficient conditions ensuring that the considered systems are stochastically stable are formulated by linear matrix inequalities. Then, a state feedback controller is designed to drive the closed‐loop system stochastically stable. Finally, an example of helicopter is used to illustrate the superiority as well as effectiveness of the results in this treatise.


This paper describes how, in late 2001 and early 2002, the Queensland Transport commissioned Market and Communications Research (MCR) Pty Ltd, to investigate the issue of drug driving in Queensland. This study was prompted by the government endorsed recommendations from the 1999 Travelsafe Committee's report into drug driving in Queensland. The aim of the research was to update Queensland Transport's existing information base on Queensland drivers' knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in relation to driving under the influence of prescription, over the counter and illicit drugs. The research was conducted in two phases. Phase I, the qualitative component, involved conducting twelve focus groups in Brisbane and a selection of regional centers. The results from the focus groups informed the structure and wording of a questionnaire, administered over the phone to a sample of 570 Queensland drivers, that made up the second (quantitative) phase of the research. Three different groups of drivers were targeted in both the qualitative and quantitative phases - prescription drug users, over the counter drug users and illicit drug users. Each group was asked questions regarding the frequency to which they used the drugs, the number and types of drugs used, the extent to which the drugs affected their driving, the frequency of driving after taking drugs, the reasons for driving after taking drugs, and their attitudes towards drug driving. Findings from this research have contributed to providing current profiles of the at risk target groups, the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of Queensland drivers in relation to drug driving, and public education needs. This paper will explore the results and applications of the research.


BACKGROUND: There are an estimated 1.5 million blind children worldwide 181 with an additional 5 million visually disabled. Among those, 90% live in the developing countries with some 1.3 million living in Asia and Africa and about 72,000 in Europe, the USA and Japan 78. Approximately one child goes blind every minute in the world, making a total of 500,000 children who go blind each year in the world, of whom 60-80% die in the subsequent 1-2 years from the disease that contributed to their blindness, or from neglect. METHODLOGY: A pre research planning was necessary to initiate research where all aspects were designed .It included selection of research site, target population, sample size, design of survey proforma, sampling method, research methodology, organizational issue, pilot study and work plan. The study was conducted in several months as August, September and October 2013. RESULTS: In my research, the comparative study results were obtained from eight teaching hospitals of Lahore division. On data analysis, it was found that 37% optometrists are available in three where majority have least number of professionals to attend patient complain. Majority of hospitals have only two trained ophthalmologist which increases waiting time about 50% for patients for more than hour. In such a diverse population there should be more than 5 trained pediatric ophthalmologists which will minimize patient waiting time. However, the evaluation of crossing of eyes is neglected due to least number of orthoptists. Besides these, visual functions assessment tests are available in few Hospitals and advance eye disease such as Retinal detachment surgery is being performed on only 37.50%. CONCLUSION: My study demonstrates that there are proper eye cares professionals at most of teaching hospital, well-equipped setup, and supervisor for internees in primary. Prolong waiting time for patients and attendants at some hospitals can be major cause of health decline. Hospitals should be equipped with trained professionals and technology to give utmost protocol in accordance with health care quality being provided internationally.


This article comments on: A dual system formed by the ARC and NR molybdoenzymes mediates nitrite-dependent NO production in Chlamydomonas.


The design and the follow-up of a once-through circulation boiler differs from the design and the follow-up of a conventional boiler. A specific thermodynamic model has to suit very high pressure, suband supercritical steam properties. Mathematical models have to be adapted to account for the disappearance of the conventional economiser, boiler and superheater. Empirical equations corresponding to each part of the traditional boiler are no more possible. In a once-through heat recovery boiler the location of the boiling point is no more fixed. General equations have to be used for each tube of the boiler. The mathematical complexity as well as the number of equations is increased.


Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Epilepsy Edited by Marco Mula, Springer 2016. €119.99 (hb). 398 pp. ISBN 9783319221588

The clinical discipline of neuropsychiatry embraces a wide range of conditions at the interface between neurology and psychiatry which are best dealt with by specialists with