Abstract The first portion of this dissertation focuses on solution-cast and solvent-induced crystallization. To investigate the phase transitions of the sPS-solvent complexes of d or g-crystals subjected to slow heating, three solvents are used in this study: 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, o-dichlorobenzene and 1,2-dichloroethane. According to evidences of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter combined with Fourier transform infrared analysis, we have confirmed that the g-type crystal is directly yielded without further annealing by solution-cast for sPS/1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane system, while the similar sample preparations imposed on sPS samples produce d-type crystal for sPS/o-dichlorobenzene and sPS/1,2-dichloroethane systems. Through TEM morphological observation, one has found the small crystallizes of g-form with typical size of <100nm. The TEM morphology and powder-like ED patterns of g-from are shown in Chapter 2. Additionally, upon annealing, two possible helix®trans phase transitions are successfully proposed by using the IR spectral changes in the frequency range of 720~820cm-1 which is associated with the vibration of the C-H out of plane bending of the phenyl ring. On is that an ordered g-type®a¢-type crystal transition occurs at a high temperature of about 200°C. The other is that a disordered g-type®a¢-type crystal transition occurs at approximate 160°C. The detail results are discussed in Chapter 3. Furthermore, on the basis of the IR spectra changes as a function of rising annealing temperature, the degree of crystallinity of mesomorphic form was quantitatively evaluated and determined. A temperature-induced solid-solid transition from mesomorphic form to a¢-crystal has been confirmed. An effect of the miscible blends with various contents of aPS on the polymorphism of the sPS sample subjected to cold-crystallization is also discussed in the study. It has been found that mixed a and b-crystals of various fractions was obtained in the sPS/aPS blends while the a-crystal (or mesomorphic form) becomes discernible species in the glassy sPS samples subjected to cold-crystallization. However, there is no miscible blends effect on a g-type®a¢-type crystal transition by slow heating the solution-cast sPS/aPS blends. Several reasonable models for explanations on structural changes with rising annealing temperatures were also proposed in the text. The second portion of this study focuses on the morphological changes in the sPS samples melt and cold-crystallized isothermally at various temperatures. It has been known that the sPS samples possess multiple melting behaviors. According to the evidences of polarized microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter, a correlation between lamellar morphology and multiple melting peaks are clarified. There are three melting peaks, which are assigned as P-I, P-II and P-III, in the sPS samples consisting of isolated b¢-type crystal when melt-crystallized at a low temperature of 230°C. A morphology analysis showed that flat-on lamellae develop first, which yield P-I and P-II melting, and during scanning re-crystallize to thickened edge-on lamellae with P-III melting peak. Upon scanning, melting of P-I (crystal of the lowest melting peak) is followed by repacking into thickened P-III crystal, the lamellae of which also reoriented to a perpendicular orientation. The P-II crystal, however, melts at temperatures too close to the melting temperature of P-III; thus, during scanning up, the P-II crystal simply melts without sufficient time to repack into the thickened P-III crystal. In addition, P-III lamellae could also be directly developed in sPS by melt-crystallization at higher temperatures while P-I and P-II crystals were absent. Cold-crystallization of sPS produced only a-type unit cell peaked into crystalline domains of different morphology. The morphology contains a granular-sphere texture when cold-crystallized at low temperatures while high-temperature cold-crystallization produced additional sheaf-like lamellae radiating out from the central spheres.


The present work presents a joint proposal from University of Malaga Image Technology Centre (CTI) and Central ICT Service (SCI), to create a digital photographic archive for the former. Such archive will contribute to the preservation of valuable memories supported on photographies by allowing easier access to the wider society. The University of Malaga Image Technology Centre (CTI-UMA) is an audio-visual producing facility aimed at photo and video-graphic and multimedia production. The photographic archive has half a million photographs, both from historic collections from the late nineteenth century and the 1980's and from the service daily work. The project aim was to facilitate the creation of a standards based electronic archive of the digital version of the originals and, at the same time, allowing for an easy creation of on-line exhibitions based on web quality versions of the original images, catering both to researchers and professionals and to the general public. The archive was supposed to be at the same time scalable and affordable. Any code used or produced for the project had to be open source, so other institutions could easily make use of our work for their photographic archives. The results are encouraging, as the project, in its present status, has allowed for the classification of over fifty thousand originals, increasing the productivity of the archival team fivefold, and the creation of three virtual exhibits, with their physical counterparts.


An infrared-frequency polarizing reflectarray is designed with a phase-amplitude synthesis method at 4μm wavelength. The proposed phase-amplitude synthesis method is based on the optimization of the axial ratio of the steered beam through the reflection phase and amplitude of reflectarray elements. The proposed reflectarray reradiates an incoming slant linearly polarized wave into a circularly polarized reflected wave with an axial ratio less than 0.8dB in the main beam direction.


Abstract : This paper describes our approaches to temporally-anchored ad hoc retrieval task and tweet timeline generation (TTG) task in the TREC 2014 Microblog track. In the ad hoc search, we apply a learning to rank framework which utilizes not only the various content relevance of a tweet, but also the quality of a tweet. External evidences are well incorporated in our approach with Web-based query expansion and document expansion techniques. In the TTG task, we apply star clustering and hierarchical clustering algorithm on the retrieved tweets from ad hoc retrieval task. Experimental results show that our learning to rank methods with many state-of-the-art features achieve good retrieval performance with respect to MAP and P@30 metrics. Besides, our systems for TTG task also obtain convincing recall and precision scores.


Many new books on silicate analysis have been published in recent years--but this monumental contribution is different to anything to date. It attempts to provide a comprehensive coverage of all the major analytical techniques now in common usage for silicate rocks. For one author to write such a book as this is indeed a remarkable achievement. The book is clear, concise and authoritative and the techniques covered benefit from the uniformity of style attained by a single author. The scope of the book is such that it should be useful not only to those directly involved in the day to day analysis of geological samples, but also those seeking an overview of the different analytical methods. A genuine and successful effort has been made in the book to evaluate all the techniques now practised for silicate analysis. Thus the classical (gravimetric) methods are not overlooked, and the 'rapid' methods of analysis, developed some 20 years ago (using largely colorimetric/photometric techniques) are presented in adequate detail. The bulk of the book however is occupied with accounts of modern instrumental methods of elemental analysis. There are excellent chapters on atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (wavelength and energy dispersive). Full details of the principles and practice of the various techniques are presented in these chapters. For many readers these will be definitive accounts, with full references to the more recently published material. Detailed analytical 'recipes" are not usually given, but otherwise the coverage for all these important techniques cannot be faulted. A major difficulty any author faces in a book of this nature is what to include and what to exclude; no way can all prejudices be accommodated. Electron analysis is covered fully and there are also short but useful accounts of the 'Other microbeam and surface analysis techniques' (ion probe, laser microprobe, particle-induced X-ray emission, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and transmission electron microscopy). Neutron activation analysis and mass spectrometry (thermal ionization and gas source) techniques are well represented. Overall, the balance between techniques, and the evaluation of the potential advantages and disadvantages of the methods are the very best that could be attained with present knowledge. It is not possible in a brief review of a book such as this to do justice to the breadth and scope of the text. There are very many other useful topics included (chapters on ion selective electrodes, ion exchange separation techniques, gold and platinum group analysis, spark source and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). Of real use to practising analysts are the chapters on 'Concepts in analytical chemistry' and 'Optical spectrometry: principles and instrumentation', providing answers to many fundamental questions. This fine book is well written and presented, with only a few errors. It certainly deserves to succeed. It is by far the most important book published in silicate analysis in recent years, well ahead of any potential rivals. J. N. WALSH


The present invention, certain specific compounds which may be used in the fields of chemistry and medicine, and methods of making certain compounds. In particular, a method of producing a variety of compounds and intermediates, and their compounds and intermediates themselves described herein. More particularly, a method of manufacturing a Salinosporamide A and its analogs from a compound of formula (V) are described herein.


Two multi-phasic models (logistic (LOG) and Michaelis-Menten (MM)) with three sub-curves were used to describe gas production kinetics of corn (CG), barley (BG), wheat (WG) and triticale (TG) grains. In each model sub curve, 1 describes the gas production caused by fermentation of the soluble fraction, gas production caused by fermentation of the non-soluble fraction is described in sub curve 2 and sub curve 3 represents gas production by microbial turnover. With MM model TG and WG had highest gas production from the soluble fraction followed by BG and CG. With LOG model there was no difference in gas production from the soluble fraction between BG and CG (P>0.05) and TG and WG (P>0.05) but TG and WG had higher gas volume from this fraction comparing to CG and BG (P<0.05). For gas production caused by fermentation of the non-soluble fraction, CG had the highest volume using MM model and CG and BG had higher volume with LOG model comparing to WG and TG (P<0.05). With MM model BG had highest gas production by microbial turnover but with LOG model WG and TG had higher gas production for the third sub curve. The LOG model had a slightly better fitting performance comparing to MM model in the present study but considering the methodology of this trial and the nature of models it does not necessarily represent the superiority of LOG model over MM model.


Two hundred and forty nine Campylobacter isolates were discriminated between C. jejuni and C. coli by the hippurate hydrolysis test, three PCR methods using C. jejuni or C. coli specific primer sets, and the macrolide and quinolone line probe assay (MQ-LiPA). The results among the five methods were in agreement for all strains except for six strains, which were specified as C. coli by the hippurate hydrolysis test but as C. jejuni by the other methods. The data of 16S rDNA sequences in two out of these six strains, confirmed the strains were C. jejuni. These results suggest that MQ-LiPA is an effective method and can replace the hippurate hydrolysis test as other PCR methods.


Spectral gradient is one of the indicators of soil freeze and thaw. A negative spectral gradient was a sign of frozen soil. A truck-mounted microwave radiometer observed the frozen ground in two experiments. However, the measured spectral gradient was positive when the surface is frozen. From experiment measured and model simulated result, the relationship between the amount of unfrozen water of frozen soil and SG was found. It indicates that the amount of unfrozen water is a very important factor that determines the microwave radiation of frozen soil.


We present image processing algorithms for a new technique of ceramic proppant crush resistance characterization. To obtain the images of the proppant material before and after the test we used X-ray microtomography. We propose a watershed-based unsupervised algorithm for segmentation of proppant particles, as well as a set of parameters for the characterization of 3D particle size, shape, and porosity. An effective approach based on central geometric moments is described. The approach is used for calculation of particles' form factor, compactness, equivalent ellipsoid axes lengths, and lengths of projections to these axes. Obtained grain size distribution and crush resistance fit the results of conventional test measured by sieves. However, our technique has a remarkable advantage over traditional laboratory method since it allows to trace the destruction at the level of individual particles and their fragments; it grants to analyze morphological features of fines. We also provide an example describing how the approach can be used for verification of statistical hypotheses about the correlation between particles' parameters and their crushing under load.


When using the CNNs for image processing, it is more easy to learn the invariant features of the image without too much preprocessing. This is important for the task of image classification and recognition which need to extract deep features of the object. This paper proposes a switch state recognition algorithm which combines digital image processing technique and CNNs for the electrical control cabinet switches in substations. Firstly, use perspective transformation method to rectify the original image which is positioned and segmented using the projections of horizontal and vertical gradient. Then label the segmented images to get sample sets for training CNNs later. After that, design the architecture of CNNs with image processing knowledge and use the designed CNNs to extract the key features of switch state, build and train the CNNs model using labeled "disconnected" and "closed" switches. Finally, the state of the switch is recognized by the trained model and showed in the image. The experimental results show that the algorithm has the characteristics of high recognition accuracy, good robustness and fast recognition speed.


At present,the temperature controller developx rapidly into single-chip integration and intelligence. TCN75 is an intelligent temperature controller with I2C Bus interface, which is produced by Telcom Corporation USA. It can be widely used in office devices and home electronic products, such as digital thermometer,temperature-control instrument,telecom devices,UPS power,copycat and so on. In this paper,the performance characteristics and operation principles of TCN75 intelligent temperature controller based on I2C bus are introduced,and its circuit with MCU is discussed.


To well take the advantage of performance of multi-core processor,aiming at hierarchical Network on Chip(NoC) architecture,this paper presents the MPI/OpenMP hybrid parallel programming model.The model uses MPI-based task-level parallel model to achieve efficient communication between clusters.It uses OpenMP method to implement communication,synchronization and data exchange between four cores inside clusters.Experimental results show that the model can increase the speedup by 20% to 50% compared to the single parallel programming model.


A novel refractometer based on multimode fiber (MMF) embedded single mode-no core-single mode (ME-SNS) fiber structure is presented and investigated in detail. The ME-SNS structure has a higher refractive index (RI) sensitivity because of the stronger evanescent field generated by RI modulation. There is an obvious attenuation dip when 3 segment MMFs are embedded in single mode-no core-single mode (SNS) fiber structure. Total length of sensing unit is only 1.8 mm. Experimental results show that the maximal RI and the temperature sensitivity of the ME-SNS fiber structure are 567.158 nm/RIU and 0.009 nm/°C.


The constitutional text in a constitutional democracy does not necessarily constrain constitutional change. Quite the contrary, constitutional change in a constitutional democracy often occurs in ways that depart from the rigid procedures governing constitutional amendment enshrined in the text of the constitutional. In this article, I illuminate this peculiar phenomenon in comparative perspective, drawing from the constitutional traditions of Canada, Germany, India, South Africa and the United States. In addition to illuminating distinctions in the amendment practices of liberal democratic constitutional states, I deploy those contrasts as a springboard to substantive insights about fundamental principles of statehood, namely sovereignty and legitimacy.


As a major source of water for irrigation, the evaluation and assessment of groundwater to ensure it meets the quality for sustainable agriculture is key. This research presents the findings of the quality of groundwater and its suitability for irrigation purposes. This was carried out using the irrigation water quality indices and the Geographic Information System (GIS). The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method of the GIS was used to study the spatial distribution of these indices. Indices considered include Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Percentage Sodium (%Na), Permeability Index (PI), Kelly Ratio (KR), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Total Hardness (TH), Residual Sodium Bicarbonate (RSBC) and Potential Salinity (PS). The values obtained were SAR (0.00 to 10.99, mean of 3.43), Percentage Sodium (26.00% to 94.42%, mean of 70.33%), Permeability Index (94.14% to 379.47%, mean of 161.45%), Kelly Ratio (0.00 to 8.62, mean of 3.19) and Magnesium Hazard (0.00% to 80.33 %, mean of 39.21%). Total Hardness (12.49 mg/L to 77.50 mg/L, mean of 31.35 mg/L), Residual Sodium Bicarbonate (-0.55 meq/L to 5.46 meq/L, mean of 1.41 meq/L), Potential Salinity (0.88 meq/L to 2.53 meq/L, mean of 1.69 meq/L) and Electrical Conductivity (110µS/cm to 910µS/cm, mean of 277.14µS/cm). The computed water indices when compared with known standards show that the groundwater from the study area is generally fit and can be applied for irrigation purposes.


This paper uses empirical evidence from several sources to shed light on patterns of mobility of Latvian labour force during the transition period as well as in the years to come. Updated inter-regional migration rates show that Latvian population is relatively mobile compared to some other European nations. Other things equal, during the transition period people were more likely to leave districts with low wage levels and to enter the ones where earnings are higher, despite many countervailing factors; outflow rates tended to be larger from high unemployment regions. Analysis of individual migration decisions made in 1989-1999 and migration plans for 1999-2002 confirms significance of economic incentives for geographical mobility of Latvian population and reveals behaviour consistent with the human capital model: young and more educated individuals were more likely to move. On-line survey conducted in 2003 shows that a very high proportion of Internet users in Latvia consider possibility to work in one of the EU countries when these countries open their labour markets. According to the most conservative estimate, number of potential movers among Internet users is about 80 thousand, and only half of them are going to return to Latvia. Determinants of the intention to emigrate permanently are different from the factors affecting general propensity to "go west." Other things equal, potential emigrants are significantly less likely to return if they prefer Russian (rather than Latvian) language website, have higher education, are young, and live in the capital. We also identify occupations which are likely to experience the largest labour outflows in the short run and in the long run.


Approximately one in five college students report a history of nonsuicidal self‐injury. However, it is unclear how many students meet criteria for the recently proposed DSM‐5 nonsuicidal self‐injury disorder (NSSI‐D). In this study, we used full NSSI‐D criteria to identify those students most in need of clinical care.


A display panel includes an optical element disposed on a pixel array of a display panel (10); an optimum viewing distance control apparatus (100) configured to set primary view images viewed through both eyes of a viewer into a first view image and a second view image based on a positional information of the viewer sensed by a sensor, to automatically set other view images between the primary view images in view images separated by regular intervals and to generate a view map using the set primary view images and the set other view images between the primary view images; a 3D formatter (108) configured to map pixel data from a multi-view image based on the view map received from the optimal viewing distance control device (100); and a display panel driver circuit configured to write the pixel data of the multi-view image received from the 3D formatter (108) to the display panel (10).


In 1950 decade, Bickerstaff described a clinical setting preceded most cases by a febrile disease, that since its beginning shows evidence of participation of the brain stem, followed by a stationary period of 1-to-3 weeks and later spontaneous remission during several months, in which patient has somnolence as initial sign and data of central and peripheral nervous system compromise; he also described changes on cefaloraquid liquid and the electroencephalogram of these patients. Annual incidence of Bickerstaff encephalitis is calculated in 0.078 per 100,000 habitants, with a mild predominance of men (relation man:woman 1.3:1), with an average age of 39 years (median of 35 years). A great number of affected patients shows antibody anti-GQ1b; due to this seropositivity is observed in other diseases, such as Guillain-Barre and Miller-Fisher syndromes, many physicians believe that it forms part of the called anti-GQ1b syndromes. However, it has some different pathophysiological mechanisms that are responsible of the clinical and laboratory and imaging studies differences. Generally, it has been suggested the same treatment than that against other anti-GQ1b syndromes, but some ongoing studies Recibido: 5 de febrero 2014 Aceptado: 18 de abril 2014


Summary 1.The Indo-Australian region is diverse having many oceanic islands on which much of the fauna is isolated. Dispersal may have taken place along Pleistocene land connections and since that time the sea has risen, thus separating populations which are now speciating independently. Over water migration has probably occurred to a limited extent. Some of the problems involved are discussed in relation to the Drepanid genus Teldenia. 2.Sundaland species occurring on Celebes possibly arrived there via the Philippines and not over water from Borneo. 3.Three species in the Teldenia niveata group occur in Celebes, indicating a multiple invasion. The topography and shape of Celebes lends itself to the speciation of its fauna. 4.Sundaland was probably the centre of the niveata species-group distribution, and specca is probably the species nearest to the ancestral form. 5.T. specca may have migrated north as far as Assam during the Pleistocene and diverged to form the species obsoleta, in Sundaland or Burma s...


Macromolecular interactions are central to the regulation and execution of many key biological processes, and therefore, they are attractive targets for drug discovery. Previously, we identified an RNA aptamer for the heat shock factor (HSF1), which is capable of interfering with the binding of HSF1 to its cognate DNA elements. Here we report the significant enhancement of avidity through dimerization of this aptamer. In particular, we describe the effect of 2 factors in designing a multivalent aptamer: the distance between active subunits and the flexibility of the linkage.


FIELD: radio engineering, communication. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of detecting illegal use of a processing device of a security system, used to descramble various media data distributed over multiple corresponding channels. The method includes counting new messages ECM j,c , received by the processing device of the security systems for channels, other than channel i, after the last received message ECM i,p ; verifying that the message ECM i,c was received during said time interval by verifying that the number of new messages ECM j,c , received for channels other than i, reaches or exceeds a given threshold greater than two; increasing the counter Kch i by the given value each time when after verification a message ECM i,c is received during a given time interval, immediately after a message ECM i,p , otherwise the counter Kch i is reset to the initial value; detecting illegal use once the counter Kch i reaches said threshold. EFFECT: reducing the probability of illegal use of a processing device. 10 cl, 3 dwg


Semi-supervised Video Object Segmentation (VOS) needs to establish pixel-level correspondences between a video frame and preceding segmented frames to leverage their segmentation clues. Most works rely on features at a single scale to establish those correspondences, e.g., perform dense matching with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) features from a deep layer. Differently, this work explores complementary features at different scales to pursue more robust feature matching. A coarse feature from a deep layer is first adopted to get coarse pixel-level correspondences. We hence evaluate the quality of those correspondences, and select pixels with low-quality correspondences for fine-scale feature matching. Segmentation clues of previous frames are propagated by both coarse and fine-scale correspondences, which are fused with appearance features for object segmentation. Compared with previous works, this coarse-to-fine matching scheme is more robust to distractions by similar objects and better preserves object details. The sparse fine-scale matching also ensures a fast inference speed. On popular VOS datasets including DAVIS and YouTube-VOS, the proposed method shows promising performance compared with recent works.


The Mexican Ethanol Project has the potential of power up rural economy, improve the environment quality, and substitute the non-renewable fossil energy resources. But the risk of not achieving these is latent: the market distorts that it could unleash can change the expected outcomes. Public policies, such as No Deforestation, Investments in Agricultural Productivity, and Ethanol Manufacture in situ, could help orientate the private incentives to increase social welfare. In a big proportion, PEMEX and the Mexican Federal Government would be directly, or indirectly, affected by the domestic ethanol production, opening a door for them to participate in it and avoid damage on their interests. But there's still a question to answer: how long it would take before these benefits could be felt?


: Herein we have reported a hitherto novel multicomponent reaction involving pyridine and its derivatives, aryl diazoesters and N-alkylmaleimides (2 equivalents), under blue LED in neat (solvent free) and in...


Concerns about global warming caused by the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere have resulted in the need for research to reduce or eliminate emissions of these gases. Carbonation of magnesium and calcium silicate minerals is one possible method to achieve this reduction. It is possible to carry out these reactions either in situ (storage underground and subsequent reaction with the host rock to trap CO2 as carbonate minerals) or ex situ (above ground in a more traditional chemical processing plant). Research at the Department of Energy's Albany Research Center has explored both of these routes. This paper will explore parameters that affect the direct carbonation of magnesium silicate minerals serpentine (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4) and olivine (Mg2SiO4) to produce magnesite (MgCO3), as well as the calcium silicate mineral, wollastonite (CaSiO3), to form calcite (CaCO3). The Columbia River Basalt Group is a multi-layered basaltic lava plateau that has favorable mineralogy and structure for storage of CO2. Up to 25% combined concentration of Ca, Fe2+, and Mg cations could react to form carbonates and thus sequester large quantities of CO2. Core samples from the Columbia River Basalt Group were reacted in an autoclave for up to 2000more » hours at temperatures and pressures to simulate in situ conditions. Changes in core porosity, secondary minerals, and solution chemistry were measured.« less


We consider a service robot in a household environment given a sequence of high-level tasks one at a time. Most existing task planners, lacking knowledge of what they may be asked to do next, solve each task in isolation and so may unwittingly introduce side effects that make subsequent tasks more costly. In order to reduce the overall cost of completing all tasks, we consider that the robot must anticipate the impact its actions could have on future tasks. Thus, we propose anticipatory planning: an approach in which estimates of the expected future cost, from a graph neural network, augment model-based task planning. Our approach guides the robot towards behaviors that encourage preparation and organization, reducing overall costs in long-lived planning scenarios. We evaluate our method on blockworld environments and show that our approach reduces the overall planning costs by 5% as compared to planning without anticipatory planning. Additionally, if given an opportunity to prepare the environment in advance (a special case of anticipatory planning), our planner improves overall cost by 11%.


Background: Mongolia introduced vaccination against hepatitis B (HepB) in 1991, leading to a significant decline in the number of infections and mortality associated with the liver disease among this generation. However, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and mortality rates among people born before the vaccination program have not declined. Although several studies have been conducted in Mongolia since the introduction of the HepB immunization program, long-term immunity has not been studied at the national level. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV infection in adolescents and young adults who received HepB vaccinations at 0, 2, and 8 months after birth and to assess their post-vaccination immunity against hepatitis B. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2016 and December 2018 and included a sample aged 10 to 27 years in Mongolia who had received HepB vaccination according to the national program. A total of 3591 individuals were randomly selected, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected, and serum titers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were determined by a two-step sandwich chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. The age-specific geometric mean of anti-HBs was also estimated. Results: Overall, 98.3% of participants were vaccinated against HepB as infants, according to the interview. The majority had an inadequate anti-HBs titer, while 17.9% had an anti-HBs level of > 10 mIU/mL, of whom 5.7% had immunity induced by HBV infection. Up to 4% of children aged 10 - 19 years and an average of 8% of young adults were serologically positive for HBsAg. The geometric mean anti-HBs titer declined with age, from an average of 40.4 mIU/mL in 10-year-old children to 14.1 IU/mL in 27-year-old adults (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In Mongolia, a small proportion of the population aged 10 - 27 years is immune to HBV, and the geometric mean titer of anti-HBS tended to decrease with age. In order to attain long-term protection against HBV, booster vaccination in adulthood may be necessary.


Melatonin, "the hormone of darkness" is well known to regulate sleep and circadian rhythm. However, melatonin is also present in numerous peripheral tissues and the number of actions assigned to th ...


We present the design and implementation of a new jumping robot for mobile sensor network. Unlike other jumping robots, the robot is based on a simple two-mass-spring model. After we throw it on ground, it can stabilize itself and then jump once. The detailed mechanism design including the load holding and self-stabilization are presented. Jumping heights and distances with different robot weights are measured and compared with calculated values from the two-mass-spring model.


This paper divided different kinds of agricultural risk into pre-production risk,production risk and postproduction risk according to the time sequence,which were introduced into the comparative statics profit function,and qualitatively analyzed agricultural input-output equilibrium changes.Taking into consideration of the increasing production risk,the author compared and analyzed changes and differences in the optimal equilibrium input-output by rational producer,and developed dynamic agricultural income function and also used Lyaponof stability theorem to discuss and analyze risk mechanism and influencing factors in stabilizing agricultural income.The results showed that:1)When the producing risk expectation was increased,production curve "jumped"downward which means yields decrease;2)The optimal input-output scale was smaller than the equilibrium status,and it was difficult to achieve"tight constraints"condition of income stability.


Rail, bus, air, ferry and other non-highway modes have each played a highly significant role in Vermont's economic development. Similarly, cost effective goods movement, by truck and rail, is critical to Vermont's economic vitality. From its inception in 1991, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) has suggested a new approach to national and state level transportation planning. Under current U.S. federal policy, states are encouraged to develop approaches to intermodal planning that best meet their individual needs. For most Vermonters, travel by private car on the state's highway network will continue to be the predominate pattern. The state is rural, implying a low-density pattern of land use and residence. Cities and villages have then evolved over time to fit the prevailing economic pattern. For example, only a few portion of the state have the appropriate population or employment density to support conventional fixed route transit service. Does this mean that intermodal transportation does not fit in the Vermont lifestyle? Certainly not. It means that non-highway modes and the highway connections to access them must be carefully tailored to respond to the state's unique characteristics. The Intermodal System Plan recommended that VDAOT pursue further opportunities to develop intermodal transportation centers such as those planned for the state's two largest cities, Burlington and Rutland. These centers would then be connected to other centers of travel demand, such as ski resorts, through further development of the shuttle concept.


The security of the power system can be enhanced with the prediction of the dynamic state variables. To increase the security, a distributed predictor is developed based on the Elman Recurrent Neural Network (ERNN) in this study. To develop a scalable distributed predictor, the whole network is divided in a number of ERNNs. They take the current and the previous actual states from its own and its neighbors to predict the near future values of the states. The concept is inspired from the Cellular Computational Network (CCN) framework. Each ERNN is a cell in the CCN framework. Through simulation, the effectiveness of the proposed network is shown for a single step and a multi-step predictor and their accuracies are analyzed for IEEE 68-bus system.


This article investigates trends in the ratio of income and expenditures for food products, and analyses the dynamics in the structure of demand for food and processing industries. The author presents her ideas relating the formation of causal relationships between the structure of food demand and trends in the development of domestic food processing industry.


The Fama-French three-factor model (Fama & French, 1993) has been subject to extensive testing on samples of US and European nonfinancial firms over several time windows. The most accepted evidence is that size premium (SMB) and value premium (HML) other than the market risk premium help explain cross-section and time-series changes in stock returns. However, scholars have always paid little attention to the financial industry because of the intrinsic differences between financial and nonfinancial firms. The few studies that tested the model on financial firms found mixed evidence on the role of size and book-to-market ratio (B/M) in explaining stock returns. This paper tries to bridge the gap by testing the model on a sample of European financial firms. We find that size and B/M factors seem to be sources of undiversifiable risks and should therefore be included as risk premiums for estimating expected returns of financial firms. Small and high-B/M firms show higher returns that are not explained by market risk and the inclusion of SMB and HML helps improve the regression models' goodness-of-fit.


The aim of this present study was to develop a pH sensitive interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) hydro gels (HG) based on chitosan-acryl amide-grafted-poly eth ylene glycol (CTS-AM-PEG) followed by hydrolysis th at are cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA). Cefotaxime is an antibiotic drug was successfully loaded in th ese IPNHG's. The HGs formed were characterized by Fourier transf orm infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the gra fting and cross linking response, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) to monito r drug encapsulation in the polymer matrix. HG's gels were valuated for swelling index, drug content, in–vit ro release performed in both acidic and basic conditions. The IPN matrix in this study was able to extend the rel ease of Cefotaxime rate more than 11 hours.


Dust storms samples were collected at Iraqi weather of 2013. Radioactivity was measured using (NaI)Tl detector, specific activity levels due to K, U and Th were measured in eight samples. The average of specific activity in the collected dust storms samples was found the range from (237.166±5.834) to (368.689±17.697) Bq/Kg with an average value of (308.168±46.124) Bq/Kg for K, U specific activity range from (11.531±2.080) to (34.997±2.683) Bq/Kg with an average value of (21.4775±8.406) Bq/Kg and Th specific activities range from (2.805±0.370) to (11.162±1.638) Bq/Kg with an average of (5.446±2.738) Bq/Kg and. The average value of the radium equivalent was found (52.994±13.041) Bg/Kg, while the average value of the external hazard index, internal hazard index and absorbed dose in air were found (0.224±0.0569), (0.201±0.057) and (26.384±6.263) nGy/h respectively. Also in this study compared of results with international recommended values and found to be with in the international level. Key-Words: dust storms in Al-Najaf, Natural radioactivity, Gamma-ray spectroscopy.


By aerobic incubation of Cortexone with homogenates of beef adrenals the new 18-hydroxy-cortexone as well as the already known 19-hydroxy-compound are obtained. The implications of the presence of an 18-hydroxylase for the postulated course of biosynthesis of aldosterone in vitro are discussed.


The author turns to the little-known biographical aspects of two outstanding icon painters - the Old Believer-Bespopovets from Estonia Pimen Maksimovich Sofronov and the Catholic monk of the Benedictine Holy Cross Monastery in Chevetogne (Belgium) Father Jerome Leussink. From December 1939 to the beginning of the 1940's, Leussink studied icon painting with Sofronov in Rome. The article is based on archival materials of the Holy Cross Monastery, in particular on Leussink's letters to his abbot. They show that the relationship between the teacher and the student quickly developed into a genuine cooperation, and then into a deep mutual respect and friendship. The author emphasizes that Pimen Sofronov not only conveyed but also revived the Old icon-painting tradition in Europe and in the New World, across boundaries between Churches. This was made possible by the help of his numerous students and friends in Paris, Prague, Rome and America.


We have shown how Monte Carlo simulation can be used to model the behaviour of heterojunction bipolar transistors. It is a powerful tool for providing insight into the microscopic processes that determine device performance, and its firm physical basis makes it particularly appropriate for the investigation of hot carrier effects and processes taking place on short length and time scales. The large demand on computational resources is a disadvantage of two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation which might be overcome by utilising the strengths of the method whilst linking it to other modelling techniques.


F. W. Molitor has resumed teaching at the Arsenal Technical Schools, following a summer's engagement with the Bureau of Standards.


There are affluent water and thermal resources in latored soils of south subtropical hilly area, which has an advantage to develop tropical fruit and vegetables like litchi, longan, banana, mango and so on. An introduction of natural conditions of south subtropics, superiority of south subtropics in Guangdong Province and characteristics of latored soils region is presented in this paper. But the soil water storage capacity and the available water content are very little, combined with low unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic diffusivity because of the restriction of climate factors. Some biological or engineering technical measurements of regulating and managing soil moisture properly are advised to improve soil and prevent or lessen soil evaporation.


Aim To investigate the effects of downexpression of transient receptor potential melastatin 7(TRPM7) and its internal mechanisms on apoptosis through transfecting specific siRNA in rat hepatic stellate cell lines HSC-T6.Methods Specific TRPM7-siRNA was transfected by LipofectamineTM 2000.Cell apoptosis was measured by Flow Cytometry.TRPM7 and Caspase-3 protein expression were analyzed by Western blot;TRPM7,Caspase-3 and Bid mRNA expression were evaluated by RT-PCR.Results Suppression TRPM7 expression by siRNA significantly increased the apoptosis of HSCs,the expression of Caspase-3 protein and Bid mRNA compared with normal or control.Conclusions Specific TRPM7-siRNA not only inhibits the expression of TRPM7 but also induces apoptosis of HSCs.The enhanced gene expression of Bid may contribute to HSCs apoptosis.


Frequency spectra of the middle of an arc voltage waveform caused by electrical contacts on opening with the arc discharge are described. In this investigation, introduced was a model which consisted of a relay and a coaxial line. Based on the model, the frequency spectra of it were analyzed experimentally. As a result, it is concluded that they depend on the length and terminal condition of the line directly.


We consider here the morphogenesis (pattern formation) problem for some genetic network models. First, we show that any given spatio-temporal pattern can be generated by a genetic network involving a sufficiently large number of genes. Moreover, patterning process can be performed by an effective algorithm. We also show that Turing's or Meinhardt' s type reactiondiffusion models can be approximated by genetic networks. These results exploit the fundamental fact that the genes form functional units and are organised in blocks (modular principle). Due to this modular organisation, the genes always are capable to construct any new patterns and even any time sequences of new patterns from old patterns. Computer simulations illustrate analytical results.


Within the sport domain, parents play an important role in youth sports. Previous research has shown that children are more likely to participate in sport if they receive parental support. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate children's perceptions of parental involvement in sport at primary and secondary public township schools in Tshwane, South Africa. A total of 773 school children aged 12-18 years volunteered to participate in the study. Data were collected using validated structured questionnaires. Overall, the results showed that the primary school pupils perceived that they received more parental support for participating in sport than the secondary school students. In terms of gender, boys viewed parental support more positively than girls. The results of the study provide implications for school sport policy reconfiguration and planning parental education programmes in schools.


Seeds have been known to possess bioactive components with anti-cancer properties. This study aims to demonstrate the processes by which seed extracts from various sources induce cell death. Several assays have been employed to demonstrate the induction of cell death by the respective seed extracts. This review also underscores the importance of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins (GSPs) in terms of inducing the aforesaid physiological form of seed extract-induced cell death. Furthermore, this review highlights the critical and pressing need to conduct comparative HTS-based strategies (with a battery of cell lines representing different cancers) to identify the major seed extracts that can reproducibly serve to augment the cell death induction capabilities of the existing battery of chemotherapeutic drugs/natural alternatives.


Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability, which affects millions of people globally with a significant economic burden. The inflammatory reactions and immune system activity play a significant role in the severity development of secondary brain injury (SBI) after a TBI event. Neutrophils, platelets, and lymphocytes are involved in these inflammatory reactions and have potential in reflecting the severity level of SBI that occurred post-TBI. Some recent studies have shown that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) can be used as a potential biomarker for determining the severity of an inflammatory reaction, including SBIs in post-TBI. However, the results of NLR and PLR in TBI patients in daily medical practice are still not fully utilized. This review summarizes the neutrophil's, platelet's, and lymphocyte's role in SBI, also the NLR and PLR potential as a marker of the severity of the SBI process in TBI cases. Edited by: Eli Djulejic Citation: Kusuma GFP, Maliawan S, Mahadewa TGB, Senapathi TGA. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Biomarker in Predicting the Severity of Secondary Brain Injury: A Review Article. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2020 Oct 19; 8(F):272-282. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4789


The 1.85Ga Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) in central Ontario is now widely considered to be the erosional remnant of a deformed paleo-horizontal impact melt sheet, about 2.5 km in thickness. Deformed impact melt breccias of the Onaping Formation and postimpact metasedimentary rocks overlie the layered SIC, which in turn rests on shocked Archean basement and Paleoproterozoic cover rocks. The main mass of the Igneous Complex is subdivided from top to bottom into granophyre, quartz-gabbro and norite layers. Previous workers considered noncylindrical folding and NW-directed reverse faulting as the main structural processes that formed the asymmetric, syn-formal geometry of the SIC apparent in map view and seismic section. Structural studies support this model in the southern part of the impact structure, where greenschist-facies metamorphic tectonites of the South Range Shear Zone (SRSZ) accomplished structural uplift of the southern SIC by NW-directed reverse shearing. However, little evidence for pervasive ductile strain has been reported from the weakly metamorphosed eastern part of the SIC, the East Range, which is characterised by steep basal dips and max-


Based on BP algorithm, a thermal management model of SOFC system used for marine underwater equipments was established, and linear prediction was performed on the model. Through repeated training on the convergence chamber, heat exchanger and stack respectively, appropriate parameters were selected to conduct testing on the trained model. The deviation between the test result and actual date can meet the requirements. Training and testing on the BP algorithm-based model of SOFC system were performed using the same data. The deviation between the test result and the actual data was about ±1□. This model can provide important theoretical and methodological support for the development of the prototype SOFC power system.


In early theoretical investigations of quasi-onedimensional superconductors (of the Bechgaard family (TMTSF)2ClO4 and (TMTSF)2PF6) in the presence of an external magnetic field, the possibility of triplet behavior in these systems was suggested [1–3]. The present experimental evidence indicates that these quasione-dimensional superconductors are indeed unconventional [4–7]. For instance, Lee et. al. [6] measured the magnetic field versus temperature phase diagram for (TMTSF)2PF6 under pressure of 6 kbar. They found that the upper critical fields along the usual a, b, and c direction are highly anisotropic. Furthermore, the Pauli paramagnetic limit is exceeded by a factor of 3 or 4. In addition, Lee et. al. [7] found that there is no Knight shift in (TMTSF)2PF6 for fields H ‖ b̂ at pressures P ≈ 6 kbar. This suggests the existence of a triplet superconducting phase in this system. The temperature versus magnetic field phase diagram of (TMTSF)2ClO4 at ambient pressure was also measured by Lee et. al. [4,5], for H ‖ b̂. These measurements seem to indicate that the Pauli paramagnetic limit is exceeded in this compound, which suggests triplet superconductivity. Furthermore, Belin and Behnia [8] reported measurements of the thermal conductivity in the superconducting state of (TMTSF)2ClO4, indicating their data is inconsistent with the existence of gap nodes at the Fermi surface. These experimental results combined suggest the existence of a fully gapped triplet superconducting state in (TMTSF)2ClO4. Although the similar crystal structure of these systems suggests, from a simple group theoretical point of view, that the origin of the pair interaction is the same, the role of the proximity to an SDW phase in (TMTSF)2PF6, for instance, needs to be investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Furthermore, the order parameter symmetry also needs to be investigated via phase sensitive experiments like those performed in cuprate oxides [9,10]. In this paper we are concerned with the symmetry of the order parameter of a triplet quasi-one-dimensional superconductor at zero magnetic field and we have three main goals. First, we perform a group theoretical analysis of the possible symmetries of the order parameter for an orthorhombic quasi-one-dimensional superconductor at zero magnetic field. Second, we calculate the quasiparticle density of states at zero temperature and the uniform spin susceptibility tensor at low temperatures for various candidate symmetries of the order parameter consistent with our group theoretical analysis. Third, we make connections to scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of quasiparticle density of states and Knight shift measurements of the spin susceptibility tensor. We study quasi-one-dimensional systems with a single band, in an orthorhombic lattice, and allow for singlet or triplet pairing. We consider the following dispersion


This article analyzes and explains some profound facts about building WEB server in a simple way. And it also directs you to build personal Web server. Some unexpected problems may appear when you practically operate. However if you can strictly obey the rules over, we believe you will successfully build your Web server.


The specter of government intervention in the care of handicapped infants has reappeared in the form of a new "Baby Doe" regulation issued by the Department of Health and Human Services. If nothing else, the regulation has caused us to reexamine the process by which decisions are made in the care of the handicapped. The outcome of the Academy's discussions with DHHS has major implications, not just for pediatricians and the infants and children we care for but for people of all ages. It's possible, if not probable, that the same rules will apply to the care of the elderly, especially in regard to the withdrawal of life support treatment, if the Baby Doe rule goes into effect.


The temperature of 1-2 K is crucial to the low-Tc superconducting and deep space exploration. The Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocooler coupled with a three-stage Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler (SPTC) is an effective way of achieving the required low temperature and high efficiency. In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is established for the JT cryocooler, in which the flow and heat transfer processes are simulated and analyzed. The distributions of precooling capacities are optimized by analyzing exergy losses caused by heat transfer. The effects of the three stage precooling temperatures, the precooling capacities and the high pressure before the JT valve on the cooling performance are also studied in depth. The no-load temperatures of 2.2 K and 1.42 K are achieved in the model with He-4 and He-3 as working fluids, respectively. The corresponding experimental verifications are underway.


We introduce a new ultra-sensitive adiabatic magnetometer that has a broad bandwidth and can operate in the presence of magnetic fields and gradients. It follows conceptually typical implementations of atomic magnetometers based on alkali-metal vapor cells and lasers for optical pumping and optical Faraday effect detection, while its unique feature is a measurement of an oscillating magnetic field along the probe beam direction at frequencies lower than the resonant frequency, proportional to a static magnetic field along the pump beam direction. The bandwidth of the adiabatic magnetometer scales as the strength of the field along the pump beam. From our theoretical studies it is expected that the adiabatic magnetometer can reach 1 fT sensitivity with a bandwidth of 10 kHz, which any type of atomic magnetometers cannot achieve. Among anticipated various applications of this adiabatic magnetometer are biomagnetic sensing, nuclear magnetic resonance detection, and alkali-metal density measurements. We experimentally conducted alkali-metal density measurements, as an example of applications.


In December 2000, a performance monitoring facility was constructed adjacent to the mixed waste disposal unit U-3ax/bl at the Area 3 Radioactive Waste Management Site at the Nevada Test Site. This facility consists of eight drainage lysimeters measuring 10 feet in diameter, 8 feet deep, and backfilled with native soil. The lysimeters have three different surface treatments: two were left bare, two were revegetated with native species, and two were allowed to revegetate with invader species (two are reserved for future studies). The lysimeters are instrumented with an array of soil water content and soil water potential sensors and have sealed bottoms so that any drainage can be measured. All sensors are working properly and indicate that the bare lysimeters are the wettest, as expected. The vegetated lysimeters, both seeded and those allowed to revegetate with invader species, are significantly drier than the bare cover treatments. No drainage has occurred in any of the lysimeters. The Accelerated Site Technology Deployment program under the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science and Technology provided the funding for this project with the objective of reducing the uncertainty associated with the performance of monolayer-evapotranspiration waste covers in arid regions such as the one deployed at U-3ax/bl.


With remote monitoring technology advancing fast, remote monitoring systems become widely applied in every aspect of production and managing the numerical control machine tools by networked monitoring has become the trend. Numerical control machine tools are scattered, which makes monitoring and management difficult. To address the problem, monitoring the numerical control machine tools in a networked online way in real time is proposed. ASP.NET technology based on, B/S approach adopted, and SQL Server2008 used for data storage, remote monitoring of numerical control machine tools is implemented. The platform shows the information of numerical control machine tool's status, alarm, location and so on. It has implemented system management, configuration management, bug analysis and data statistics. This platform realizes networked dynamic cooperation and improves monitoring, management and maintenance quality of numerical control machine tools.


Distributed generation( DG) is more and more widely used and gradually connected to the distribution network,whose influence on the distribution network is significant. However,current calculation methods of load supplying capability( LSC) for distribution network do not consider the randomness effects of DG. To solve this problem,LSC model was proposed firstly. With considering the randomness of DG in the probabilistic power flowcalculation of Monte Carlo simulation,the improved load factor method and the LSC approximation method with considering voltage and the branch power constraints were applied to calculate the LSC of distribution network. Then the IEEE-33 example of distribution network was used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm,and the LSC variations in different scenarios were simulated. Simulation results showthat the DG connected to distribution network can promote the network static safety margin,and the randomness of DG affects the LSC distributed characteristics. Finally the weak link that restricted the LSC promotion was analyzed. It is suggested to add voltage regulator or automatic reactive compensator at lowlevel voltage nodes.


Streaming media is a recent technique for delivering multimedia information from a source provider to an end- user over the Internet. The major advantage of this technique is that the media player can start playing a multimedia file even before the entire file is transmitted. Most streaming media applications are currently implemented based on the client-server architecture, where a server system hosts the media file and a client system connects to this server system to download the file. Although the client-server architecture is successful in many situations, it may not be ideal to rely on such a system to provide the streaming service as users may be required to register an account using personal information in order to use the service. This is troublesome if a user wishes to watch a movie simultaneously while interacting with a friend in another part of the world over the Internet. In this paper, we describe a new real-time media streaming application implemented on a peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture in order to overcome these challenges within a mobile environment. When using the peer-to-peer architecture, streaming media is shared directly between end-users, called peers, with minimal or no reliance on a dedicated server. Based on the proposed software pεvμa (pronounced [revma]), named for the Greek word meaning stream, we can host a media file on any computer and directly stream it to a connected partner. To accomplish this, pεvμa utilizes the Microsoft .NET Framework and Windows Presentation Framework, which are widely available on various types of windows-compatible personal computers and mobile devices. With specially designed multi-threaded algorithms, the application can stream HD video at speeds upwards of 20 Mbps using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Streaming and playback are handled using synchronized threads that communicate with one another once a connection is established. Alteration of playback, such as pausing playback or tracking to a different spot in the media file, will be reflected in all media streams. These techniques are designed to allow users at different locations to simultaneously view a full length HD video and interactively control the media streaming session. To create a sustainable media stream with high quality, our system supports UDP packet loss recovery at high transmission speed using custom File- Buffers. Traditional real-time streaming protocols such as Real-time Transport Protocol/RTP Control Protocol (RTP/RTCP) provide no such error recovery mechanism. Finally, the system also features an Instant Messenger that allows users to perform social interactions with one another while they enjoy a media file. The ultimate goal of the application is to offer users a hassle free way to watch a media file over long distances without having to upload any personal information into a third party database. Moreover, the users can communicate with each other and stream media directly from one mobile device to another while maintaining an independence from traditional sign up required by most streaming services.


Late in the Meiji era three famous large parks Tennoji, Okazaki and Tsuruma Park-were founded in Osaka, Kyoto and Nagoya respectively. It is vei y noteworthy in the park history that an exposition took part in the establishment of these parks. The large site used for an exposition were converted into a city park after its closing, as in the case of Osaka and Kyoto.In Nagoya, on the other hand, the construction of Tsuruma Park, where the 10th Kansai Competitive Exhibition was held, was remarkably promoted.I can point out some interesting characteristics in the design of these completed parks, which are representative of city parks in those days. European techniques are boldly introduced into the park planning besides the traditinal ones. For instance, a large parterre with an arabesque pattern of shrubs in Tennoji Park, or the main axis visually emphasized by creating the allee, and a radial layout of paths with a decorative central feature, an outstanding fountain, serves as a focal point, in Tsuruma Park.It is true that these distinc`ve characters of the park planning were born under the social cond tien a in the Meiji era, when Japan had been absorbed in transplanting the Western civilization. But at the same time I can not overlook the direct and indirect influences of modern or progressive ideas existed in expositions and exhibitions of those days.


There is significant variation in attitude both towards the role of microsatellite instability (MSI) in predicting prognosis, and towards its role in guiding which Stage II colon cancer patients may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.


(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)Housing is characterized by durability, heterogeneity, spatial fixity, and extensive involvement of governments (Smith, Rosen, and Fallis, 1988). These characteristics pose unique challenges to housing market studies. Researchers have been constantly modifying standard economic models to account for these special traits. The efforts are most noticeable in the expansion of attributes in hedonic price models. Local public expenditure, for example, is included as an independent variable to capture the effect of government investment in local communities (Garcia, Montolio, and Raya, 2010). Distance to bus stops and city centers are used to capture the heterogeneity and local value of housing units (Soderberg and Janssen, 2001; Wang, Potogloub, Orford, and Gong, 2015). Lastly, intertemporal specifications are adopted to model house prices in various cycles (Edmonds, 1985; Knight, Dombrow, and Sirmans, 1995; Gatzlaff and Haurin, 1998; Hill, Melser, and Syed, 2009). Facing a constantly expanding list of attributes to be considered, some procedures and techniques have been developed to aid the selection of variables in hedonic price modeling (Huh and Kwak, 1997; Stadelmann, 2010).Recently, a notable change occurred in this research stream. Having considered a wide range of physical and institutional characteristics of housing markets, researchers and practitioners have become increasingly aware of the effect of psychological elements in this unique sector. Behavioral scientists have already identified applications in studies of pricing behaviors (Genesove and Mayer, 2001; Paraschiv and Chenavaz, 2011a; Sun and Ong, 2014), housing preferences (Arbel, Ben-Shahar, and Gabriel, 2014; Hui, Wong, Chung, and Lau, 2014), mortgage default and delinquency (Ong, Sing, and Teo, 2007; Ong, Neo, and Tu, 2008), and housing cycles (Arbel, Ben-Shahar, and Sulganik, 2009). Although the number of publications remains small, the evidence on the effect of behavioral biases is strong and consistent. Researchers are particularly concerned about the role of loss aversion in housing decisions.According to prospect theory (Kahneman and Tversky, 1979; Tversky and Kahneman, 1992), people decide by choosing the prospect with the highest utility. The utility is determined by two elements: a value function that assigns each event in the prospect a value and a weighting function that transforms the probability of the event. Loss aversion is a core feature that characterizes value function. it refers to people's asymmetric attitudes with respect to gains and losses, or more specifically, losses loom larger than gains. With loss aversion being able to explain economic phenomena, some of which are puzzling circumstances under expected utility theory, this concept has received wide attention. The literature on loss aversion has been expanding rapidly, with reported loss aversion effects varying considerably across research contexts. In a recent meta-analysis of loss aversion in production choices, Neumann and Bockenholt (2014) identified multiple moderators of loss aversion effects. They found that the loss aversion effect is significantly stronger for durable goods. Therefore, housing studies should pay attention to loss aversion, given the durability feature of housing products. Moreover, advances in the studies of loss aversion effects will significantly enhance our understanding on some much-debated topics in housing research. These topics include, but are not limited to, the dual role of housing products (i.e., being both consumption and investment goods), housing wealth effect, and housing cycles. The answers to these questions have significant implications on the decisions of homeowners and renters, developers, and government institutions. The investigation of loss aversion effects is both relevant and important in housing studies.As illustrated in Exhibit 1, homeownership is approximately 65% in the United States, with greater variation in the last two decades. …


Through the analyse of heat treatment technology for round drawing cutter made of W18Cr4V steel, the heat alignment by several times quenching and tempering can successfully settle the bend and distortion problems during heat treatment production.


ABSTRACT This work aims to review the implementation situation of experiential learning (EL) in China's hospitality education and explore the perceptions of students on the effectiveness of the adopted EL methods. Observations and focus group discussions are conducted in three vocational colleges and three universities in China. The study reveals that EL activities are widely utilized in China's hospitality education. Generally, students state that EL is more effective than traditional classroom learning. Nonetheless, they consider some EL activities as being ineffectively implemented. Several suggestions are given in this paper to provide support to hospitality educators for improving the utilization of EL methods and facilitate student learning. Furthermore, unique EL methods that are not documented in literature are adopted in China's hospitality education.


Objective To explore the effect of psychological-induced nursing in the treatment of sudden deafness.Methods Seventy-six patients with sudden deafness from June,2008 to June,2009 were reviewed.40 patients in experiment group were received drugs,hyperbaric oxygen therapy and psychological-induced nursing.36 patients in control group were treated with drugs and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.The hearing ability and the plasma concentration of epinephran(E)/norepinephrine(NE) were tested before and after the treatment.The therapeutic efficacy of the two groups was compared.Results The hearing abilities of the two groups were both improved, but the improvement in experiment group was more significantly(P0.05). As compared with control group,the plasma concentration of epinephran(E)/norepinephrine(NE) was significantly declined in experiment group(P0.05).When discharged from the hospital,the total effective rates of experiment group and control group were 87.5% and 63.9%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(χ2=5.84,P0.05).Conclusions Psychological-induced nursing can significantly decline the plasma levels of catecholamines,reduce the patient's anxiety,and improve the curative rate.


When a nurse calls in sick, don't fall apart--leap into action! The author humorously tells how to solve desperate staffing moments.


The thermal stability of copper sols prepared by the reduction of Cu 2+ ions in solutions of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) or poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) can significantly be increased if one of these polymers is added to a sol obtained in the presence of another polymer. The stabilization of sols by a pair of polymers capable of competitive binding with nanoparticles is theoretically substantiated in terms of selective interaction of macromolecules with nanoparticles.


Abstract Recent reports indicate that global insect populations are drastically declining, and amongst insects, bees have attracted significant attention. Decades of research on causal factors for bee population declines, indicate that extensive loss of natural habitats resulting from urbanization and agricultural intensification, has led to a dearth of critical nesting and forage resources essential for the sustenance of bees. To address these concerns and to meet the growing need for food production, simple but effective farm management practices such as restoring habitat diversity through planting pollinator habitats along field margins and underutilized areas, revegetating retired farmland with wildflowers and including pollinator-friendly forbs in cover crop mixes, have been recommended. Earlier studies have provided evidence that planting pollinator habitats along field margins and revegetating retired farmland are indeed viable ways to sustain bee pollinators. Here we report results of a case study exploring the benefits of cover cropping with a pollinator-friendly forb mix. Our results indicate that cover cropping to support pollinators can be effective, particularly when cover crops are retained until the flowering stage and that grazing of cover crops could extend support to those genera of bees that prefer grazed areas. Although the reports on global insect declines are dire, our studies show that pollinator-friendly farm management practices can offset the declines and play a significant role in supporting pollinator populations. Regular assessment of the efficacy of these practices will enable us to target efforts towards better implementation of habitat conservation programs.


The presented work was aimed at evaluating influence of boron on hardenability of steel quantitatively and evaluating this effect during complex use of boron with other alloying additives like chromium, vanadium and titanium. For this purpose, eight melts with variable chemical compositions were prepared. From the ingots, cylindrical specimens with normalized dimensions according to EN ISO 642:1999 were cut out and subjected to full annealing at 1200 °C and to normalizing at 900 °C. Such specimens were subjected to the hardenability Jominy test. In order to distinguish the influence of boron on hardenability of a given melt and thus to eliminate the differences resulting from its chemical composition, grain size and austenitizing temperature, the obtained ideal critical diameter was corrected and the boron effectiveness factor was determined. The performed examinations and analyses showed that inadequate quantities of microadditives result in losing the benefits coming from introduction of boron as the hardenability-improving element and can even result in a reduction of hardenability of the boron-containing steel.


Exhaled breath condensate(EBC) analysis, as a new way of studying pulmonary diseases, has the advantages of being noninvasive, easily carrying out, real-time monitoring, repeatability and better patients acceptance.Analyzing biomarkers in EBC which reflect airway inflammation and oxidative stress could assist in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), evaluating response to therapies and defining the prognosis of individual patients.Furthermore, identification of novel inflammatory mediators in EBC may cast new light on the pathogenesis of COPD and identify new therapeutic targets.

Key words:
Exhaled breath condensate; Biomarkers; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease


The campus where I work is built around a central concourse of stairs leading up the slopes of Table Mountain. On one side of this bisecting line are mostly arts and humanities buildings; on the other are mostly sciences. Seen from above, the two halves of campus mirror each other like a Rorschach test. Literature has its symmetrical twin in Mathematics; Architecture is echoed by Astronomy, History by Biology. When a mountain fire swept down from the slopes on Sunday 18 April 2021, embers carried by a hot, dry wind randomly picked out buildings for destruction. The cypresses and creepers outside my office were set alight, but the building survived (just, and with heat-induced cracks in the glass of our windows). But the roof of the Jagger Reading Room just opposite began to burn, perhaps because embers flew into the gaps between the roof tiles. Firefighters were concentrating on buildings with gas cylinders and stockpiles more flammable than books. By Sunday evening, pictures of the African Studies Library burning were on news sites around the world: its arched windows filled with red flames, its teak desks, open shelves, and artworks utterly destroyed, the damage to the collections in the vaults unknown. Before and after pictures were soon circulated: a beautiful reading room; a charred wreck. In the wake of the fire, there was an enormous salvage operation that relied on thousands of volunteers. You would get your plastic hard hat and safety briefing, then go down into the dim, waterlogged stacks of Special Collections. Here you would fill up plastic crates (donated by local supermarkets) with rare books and boxes of manuscripts, maps, photographs, drawings—all carefully labeled. The key thing was to maintain the archival order as the crates came out and were stacked on big flatbed trucks, then taken to other locations, unloaded again, stacked again: it was labor intensive work. For over two weeks, a long human chain stretched out of the building. Staff, students, and volunteers passed along the crates, mostly too quick for you to see what was in them. Occasionally someone would shout "Triage!" and skip the line, rushing a box of water-affected items to a marquee pitched outside, where conservators and curators assessed the damage. I watched as they picked through soggy photo albums with tweezers or flash-froze wet texts—this bought some time in combating mold, which was now the big threat. It turned out that many of the most important holdings had survived, among them the nineteenth-century records of |Xam and !Kung oratures (commonly known as the Bleek and Lloyd Collection) that are part of the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. So there was some good news; it wasn't quite as bad as it had


Coronary heart disease (CHD) kills 1 in 2 females in the US. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is shown to be a valid dietary intervention to decrease CHD risk.


Abstract Predation during early life history is an important component of fitness in salmonids. Farmed Atlantic salmon display lower survival in the wild in comparison to wild salmon; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Salmon eggs from 69 families of farmed, hybrid and wild parentage were planted into a river. Following swim-up, 760 brown trout predators were non-lethally sampled. Of the trout, 4.2% had ingested salmon fry (0–15 fry/trout). From a total of 48 salmon fry recovered from trout stomachs, 46 were successfully identified to family using microsatellites. Of the 69 planted families, 29 were represented among the predated salmon fry; however, there were no significant differences in susceptibility to predation between the three groups (farm, wild and crosses), but the power of resolution was low due to small sample sizes. Nevertheless, we have successfully demonstrated that microsatellites can be used to address natural selection via diet analysis of predators in a natural system.


Fourteen treatments were evaluated for thrips control in cotton planted 26 May in sandy loam soil on the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. Plots were 4 rows by 50 ft with 4 rows of cotton planted between plots. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Granular materials were applied with granule applicator boxes on a John Deere planter. All other treatments except the Orthene treated seed were liquids and were applied with a CO2 powered sprayer with an 8002E nozzle positioned above and in line with the furrow to direct all the spray into the furrow at a rate of 5.3 gal/acre. Water was used as the carrier for sprayed insecticides. Thrips samples were obtained after collecting 10 plants at random from each plot, placing them in a quart jar and transporting them to the laboratory. In the laboratory the plants were washed with a few drops each of detergent and sodium hyperchlorite bleach/liter of water, and rinsed onto a 115 mesh sieve. The thrips were then rinsed onto filter paper for counting under a binocular dissection microscope. Plants were collected for sampling on 9, 15, and 21 Jun, and the plants from 21 Jun were measured from the point of soil contact to the apical meristem to evaluate plant height differences. Boll counts were made on 30 Oct. Based on the identification of adult specimens, the majority of the thrips were tobacco thrips. Western flower thrips, soybean thrips, and a very few miscellaneous species composed the remainder of the population.


The original Jeans dispersion relation and instability criterion are derived by a mathematically well-defined limiting procedure. The procedure highlights Jeans' physical reasoning and vindicates the (in)famous ``Jeans swindle.'' A second, independent procedure is stated which yields the same result.


High-purity leads of 99.99% Pb-grade from several sources have been evaluated as starting materials of cathode paste for lead-acid batteries by means of a test cell unit, in terms of cumulative discharge durations after a given mode of discharge-recharge cycling. It has been found that a significant difference in the discharge quality exists depending on the sources of the lead available, implying that the minor elements which may be inevitably present in the lead will play an important role in emerging with the ''intrinsic quality'' of the lead material for use as active material for lead-acid batteries. This also implies that a ''synthesis'' of high-performance active materials is possible.


Abstract In 1987 Her Majesty's Inspectorate (HMI) published the findings of an inspecton of Non‐Advanced Further Education (NAFE) in England and Wales (HMSO, 1987). The inspection involved 11 curriculum areas and 34 colleges. This paper examines the implications for staff development of the findings of the HMI survey. It argues that more attention should be given to the quality of teaching skills and that regular peer review within colleges should have an important role in this respect. It considers the acquisition of new knowledge, opportunities for personal development and for some management training and development. It concludes by commenting on the link between staff development and institutional development.


Recently interest has been expressed in the possibility of reducing the damage to the myocardium after an infarction by the use of fibrinolytic therapy. At this time activator appears to be the ideal thrombolytic agent. Data obtained from 3 patients with acute myocardial infarction are presented. All were treated with fibrinolytic therapy. A rise in the level of fibrinolytic activity was manifested by changes in several components of the clotting system and by increased areas of lysis on heated fibrin plates. Other evidence of improvement included a rapid fall in serum transaminase values.


In photoacoustic/optoacoustic tomography (PAT/OAT) for a circular scanning geometry, the axial/radial resolution is not variant spatially and also do not depend on the ultrasound transducer (UST) aperture. But the tangential resolution is affected by the size of the detector aperture and is spatially variant. To counter this problem many techniques such as attaching a negative lens to the transducer surface, or using virtual detectors were proposed. However these techniques have difficulties. Therefore, a modified delay-and-sum reconstruction algorithm was proposed which can be used with the normal UST to improve the tangential resolution. In this work, we demonstrate the improvement of tangential resolution using the modified delay-and-sum reconstruction algorithm with experimental data. We have obtained more than twofold improvement of resolution in the tangential direction using non-focused and cylindrically focused USTs in a circular scanning geometry. We also observe that shape of the target object can also be preserved which is helpful for diagnosis and treatment purposes.


The chief aspect to determine the multi-label classification from a usual classification task is that a number of class variable values have to be predicted contemporaneous. Multi-label classification is a type of supervised learning where the classifier is obliged to learn from a set of example; each example can belong to multiple classes and so after be able to predict a set of class variable values for a new instance. There survive a broad scope of uses for multi-labeled predictions such as gene functionality classification, semantic image labeling, text categorization, medical diagnosis etc. This study paper presents the performance of different base classifier for the multi-dimensional solar-flare dataset with two multi-label classifier, performance of the classifier is evaluated and the metrics used are hamming loss, exact match, hamming score, accuracy and total time. Information and data are being accumulation is increasing never seen in traditional methods of handling those huge amounts are not sufficient. Understanding the relationship in the huge volume of data is critical for a variety of problems ranging from determining what procedures are most effective to how best to categorize the different types of solar flare in a period of diminishing resources [1]. One popular approach that is frequently used and quite efficient in analyzing data is Data Mining. Today, data mining plays a vital role in widely used to understand market patterns, customer behavior, fault detection and fraud detection etc. Data mining can be applied to different tasks related to decision-making. The major challenges in data mining are huge volume of data, regular update, inconsistent data representation, and poor integration, noise, number of variables and missing or incomplete. Due to huge volume of information, field knowledge can be used to remove unwanted records in decreasing the size of the database. Data mining techniques would be less sensitive to noise. If the number of variable increases, then the computational complexity is not elongate for certain data mining technique. Various data mining techniques such as classification, clustering, regression and association rule mining are used in data mining applications. Data mining algorithms are appropriately used for capable of improving the quality of prediction, diagnosis and text categorization. The three target attributes of solar flare correspond to types of solar-flare seen in a 24 hour period. Single classification task deal with trouble where each item should be assigned to exactly one category from a finite set of available labels. In …


The experimental strategy of adding monosialoganglioside GM1 to a culture medium of fetal chick dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was utilized as a model system in which to examine the potential role of GM1 in modulation of neuronal cell responsiveness to nerve growth factor (NGF). Data indicate that the addition of GM1 to DRG explants or to DRG dissociated neuronal cells in culture enhances NGF‐induced neurite outgrowth, neurite complexity, and neuronal cell survival following NGF withdrawal. The GM1 molecule apparently facilitates the acquisition or maintenance of the NGF‐induced specific neuronal properties. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that the presence of GM1 molecules on the neuronal cell surface, either endogenous or following stable insertion of exogenous molecules, plays a prominent role in the modulation of functional neuronal cell behavior in response to varying neuronotrophic signals. This may prove to be relevant for the comprehension of GM1 effects on the facilitation of central nervous system repair processes.


1. The authors assessed the maze procedure outcome based upon the cardiac rhythm after the procedure by electrocardiography or 24 hour Holter 6 months after surgery. However, the criteria of AF recurrence is not clear. Detection rate must be different between 12-lead ECG (representing rhythm status for only 10-20 seconds) and 24hr holter. Therefore, any patient with paroxysmal AF could be classified into AF or sinus group depending on the rhythm status when they underwent especially only 12-lead ECG. The authors should clarify at least how many patients underwent holter and 12-lead ECG alone, respectively, and acknowledge this limitation as well.


The most critical component in any centrifugal compressors is impeller. Impellers are the rotating devices designed to alter the flow and/or pressure of liquids, gases, and vapors. In industries, design and manufacturing of Impeller is very difficult because of their complex geometry of vanes or blades. In this project, scoop milling technology is introduced for manufacturing of 3D shrouded impeller to avoid the manufacturing difficulties. NX CAD is used for modeling the impeller. ANSYS workbench is used for static and modal analysis. MAX-PAC CAM software is used for planning of tool path and generation of the NC post-processor for manufacturing an impeller or blade. 5 axis proof machining of the 320 mm diameter shrouded 3D impeller on Chiron 5 axis CNC machine and finally inspection of impeller by using 3D coordinate measuring machine (CMM).


The invention relates to a pneumatic vacuum in which an ejector (10) exhibits a tubular conduit (11) for injection of compressed air, a discharge channel (12) for discharging the aspirated fluid and the compressed air injected via the tubular conduit (11), an aspirating channel (13) in fluid communication with the tubular conduit (11) and the discharge channel (12) for aspirating; the ejector (10) has a first and a second tubular body (17, 24) exhibiting a first converging portion (20, 25) arranged downstream of an inlet zone (18) along an aspirating direction (21) and a second portion (22, 26) having a constant section emerging from the first converging portion (20, 25) at the smaller-section zone (23, 27) and downstream of the first portion (20, 25) along the aspirating direction (21), the tubular conduit (11) for injecting the compressed air exhibiting an inlet mouth (28) located at the converging portion (25) of the second tubular body (24) such as to inject pressurised air into the second tubular body (24).


Since intravascular coagulation is a proposed etiologic factor in acute lung injury, we examined whether thrombininduced intravascular coagulation results in increased lung vascular permeability to proteins. Sheep (n=5) were prepared with lung lymph fistulas and balloon-tipped left atrial catheters. The sheep were studied in the unanesthetized state. The left atrial balloon was inflated to produce step increases in left atrial pressure (Pla) to a maximum of 25 Torr. Pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) and lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio (L/P) were measured. The protein reflection coefficient (σd), a measure of pulmonary vascular permeability, was determined by increasing Pla until Qlym approached the filtration-independent state; i.e. further increases in Qlym did not further decrease L/P and σd approached (1–L/P). α −thrombin (80 U/kg) was then infused and a new steady-state Qlym was reached to allow σd to be determined after thrombin. (σd=1 indicates complete impermeability to proteins and d=0 indicates complete permeability). In the present study, σdd before thrombin was 0.70±0.03 (mean±SE) and decreased to 0.59±0.01 after thrombin (p<0.05). We conclude that pulmonary intravascular coagulation increases pulmonary vascular permeability to proteins and that this may be a factor in mediating acute lung injury. (Supported by HL17355, HL26551 and GM07033).


Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have made rapid progress for a series of visual tasks, but the bottom-up convolutional feature extraction process is not qualified to mimic the human visual perception process, which takes advantages of discriminative features. Although attention modules extract the top-down discriminative features and have been widely investigated in the past few years, current attention modules interrupt the bottom-up convolutional feature extraction process. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, we introduce dense connection structure to fuse discriminative features from attention modules and convolutional features, which we term as dense attention learning. Also, to alleviate the over-fitting problem caused by rapid feature dimension growth, we propose a channel-wise attention module to compress and refine the convolutional features. Based on these strategies, we build a dense attention convolutional neural network (DA-CNN) for visual recognition. Exhaustive experiments on four challenging datasets including CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, SVHN and ImageNet demonstrate that our DA-CNN outperforms many state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, the effectiveness of our dense attention learning and channel-wise attention module is also validated.


In the present investigation, the Nano Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte (NCGPEs) based on nano fillers ZrO2 , Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and Ammonium Triflate (NH4CF3SO4 ) doped at various wt% ratios prepared with the help of solution cast technique. The better amorphous nature observed for the 70PAN:30NH4CF3SO4 composition with addition of 1-4 wt% of ZrO2 nano fillers and structural, complexation studies of NCGPEs were confirmed by XRD technique. The micro structural studies and particle size can be revealed by SEM technique. DC Conductivity studies reveal the ionic conductivity performance on effect of temperature and composition wt% of nano powder. The ionic conductivity studies observed for 70PAN:30NH4CF3SO4 with nano powder ZrO2 concentration ranging from 1-4 wt%. The sample containing 3wt% of ZrO2 exhibits the highest conductivity order of 4.20x10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature (303K) and 4.65x 10-3 S cm-1 at 373K. The cell parameters like Open Circuit Voltage, Short Circuit Current, energy density and power density were perfectly determined which were useful to explain electrochemical cell behaviour.


This work analyzes the results of a Neural Network model applied to air pollution data. In particular, we forecast ozone pollutants levels in a short term using both air dispersion models and neural network methods. The purpose of this work is to provide a novel methodological procedure to analyze environmental data by using a neural net as forecast technique for ozone levels in the urban area of Rome. Results show that the model performance can be improved by pre-processing input data using typical datamining techniques and coupling air dispersion model with neural net.


Objective:To evaluate the curative effect of ureteral stone comparing between extracorporal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) and ureteroscopic lithotripsy(URL).Methods:Retrospective analysis was done in 1458 cases of ureteral stone which were treated with ESWL and 1308 cases of ureteral stone which were treated with URL.Results:The total cure rate of ESWL and URL were 97.67 % and 76.15 %.Conclusions:ESWL is an effective ,safe, lesscost and less tramatic method for treatment of ureteral stone.


Objective To observe the effect of Guiqi Tongru Mixture on serum prolactin,estradiol and dopamine in rats with postnatal lack of lactation.Methods Rat model of postnatal lack of lactation was induced by bromocriptine.The expression of serum prolactin,estradiol and dopamine in the model rat was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with the model group,the serum prolactin and estradiol contents of Guiqi Tongru Mixture groups were increased significantly(both P 0.05),while the dopamine expression level was decreased significantly(P 0.05).Conclusion The lactagogue mechanism of Guiqi Tongru Mixture may be related to its increase of prolactin and estradiol contents and to its inhibition of dopamine expression.


Objects look very different in the underwater environment compared to their appearance in sunlight. Images with correct colouring simplify the detection of underwater objects and may allow the use of visual SLAM algorithms developed for land-based robots underwater. Hence, image processing is required. Current algorithms focus on the colour reconstruction of scenery at diving depth where different colours can still be distinguished. At greater depth this is not the case. In this study it is investigated whether machine learning can be used to transform image data. First, laboratory tests are performed using a special light source imitating underwater lighting conditions. It is shown that the k-nearest neighbour method and support vector machines yield excellent results. Based on these results an experimental verification is performed under severe conditions in murky water of a diving basin. It is shown that the k-nearest neighbour method gives very good results for small distances between the object and the camera and for small water depths in the red channel. For higher distances, water depths, and for the other colour channels support vector machines are the best choice for the reconstruction of the colour as seen under white light from the underwater images.


The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of lacosamide, which is D- serine as a starting material, the methylation reaction was protected amino group, a carboxyl group activating agent and then in the presence of condensation with benzylamine, removing the amino-protecting group, by amidation reaction lacosamide, a total yield of 66%. This method not only high yield, and easy operation, high-purity products obtained, particularly suitable for industrial production.


The Bipartisan Budget Act (BBA) of 20181 created a temporary transitional payment (TTP) through Medicare Part B, which establishes fee-for-service (FFS) payment for eligible home infusion suppliers when they furnish home infusion therapy (HIT) service visits by skilled professionals in a beneficiary's home on the day of HIT drug administration. Payment varies by 3 condition-specific payment categories. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented the TTP on January 1, 2019. The TTP ended when the permanent HIT benefit began on January 1, 2021. To better understand how beneficiaries utilized this benefit during the TTP period, we examine trends in HIT services utilization between January 2019 and December 2020. Despite being new, the HIT benefit showed only a slight ramp-up phase, with a stable level of visits evolving over the remainder of 2019 and early 2020. Utilization decreased during the COVID-19 public health emergency, especially for infusion drugs related to heart failure and cancer. Additionally, relative to the geographic distribution of the Medicare FFS population, HIT service visit users are concentrated in the mid-Atlantic states. HIT service visit users are more likely to be young, white or black, and urban dwelling, compared to the general Medicare FFS beneficiaries.


Objective:To discuss the clinical effect of the treatment of aged intertrochanteric femoral fracture by PFN.Methods:36 cases of aged intertrochanteric femoral fracture treated by PFN and followed up.Results:All the patients followed up for 1 to 26 monts(average 16.6 months) got bone union and no severe complication.Conclusion:PFN is one of optimized internal fixation to treat intertrochanteric fracture with the characteristic of less lesion,rational design,and ealier motion of patients.