The essential oil from the gum of Pistacia atlantica Desf. grown in Algeria was obtained by the hydrodistillation method, and its antimicrobial activities against the growth of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli andStreptococcus pyogenes were evaluated using the agar disc diffusion, the minimal inhibitory quantity (MIQ) determination method and the liquid phase by Maruzella method. The results of the study revealed that essential oil resin of P. atlantica has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive as well as Gram negative bacteria resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents, and they were considerably dependent upon concentration.

 Key words: Gum, Pistacia atlantica Desf. oil, antimicrobial activities, clinical isolates.


Globally, lifelong education, has been identified as the most important driver of social, economic, political, technological, and environmental development. However, meaningful and realistic national development can only be achieved when sufficient attention is paid to strengthening the implementation of lifelong education. Therefore, it becomes imperative that governments and the private sectors in developing countries make substantial sacrifices in terms of resources, time, energy, and expertise toward the promotion of sustainable lifelong education. It is by this process that developing countries like Ghana can derive the fullest benefit from lifelong education and achieve the desired development objective of improving the quality of life of its citizens.


A method is introduced for the selection of furnace structural dimensions of a new boiler with a prototype boiler serving as a basis. Through the calculation of boiler combustion stability and burn off it is possible to obtain for the new boiler a combustion performance as high as that of the prototype boiler.


We read with interest the recent paper of Nielsen et al, regarding high thoracic epidural analgesia (HTEA) in cardiac surgery. They studied 60 low-risk patients, 65 to 80 years of age, scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery with or without aortic valve replacement and found that HTEA did not reduce the time in the intensive care unit or improve the quality of recovery in the intensive care unit. Should HTEA be dismissed in cardiac surgery? HTEA has the following potential to improve outcome after cardiac surgery: attenuation of perioperative stress response, better analgesia, better left ventricular function, better myocardial protection, and better pulmonary outcome. Unfortunately, these beneficial effects are only potential; in fact, they have not improved clinical outcomes in patients receiving this additional anesthetic technique. The use of HTEA in patients who receive perioperative anticoagulation increases the risk of epidural hematoma formation facilitated by full anticoagulation. In addition, HTEA increases the risk of severe perioperative hypotension and requires more vasopressor because of its sympathicolysis. However, we think HTEA should not be dismissed in cardiac surgery. First, randomized studies have been unable to report reduced mortality rates in patients undergoing HTEA, probably because of insufficient statistical power. The incidence of major postoperative complications is too low to detect significant differences. To be able to show a difference in a rare event, taking into account numerous other confounding factors, a very large population is necessary. The potential advantages of HTEA may become evident in high-risk patients, who have higher complication rates. Second, the potential advantages of HTEA need to be supported by a change in all aspects of postoperative patient management to adapt fast-track-surgery, which involves lower doses of opioids, aggressive temperature and fluid management, strict anticoagulation guidelines, and clear staff information. These adaptations are mandatory to minimize the risks related to the use of epidural catheters in cardiac anesthesia and to gain the maximum benefits from the technique. HTEA combined with fast-track-surgery may improve the main outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.


The parental contact reported by 12 biologically male and 12 biologically female transsexuals was compared with that reported by control subjects (109 conscripts in the Swedish Army; 101 pregnant nulliparous women). Parental contact was estimated for three different periods: 1) childhood, 2) adolescence, 3) the year before investigation.


Objective:To know the plasma and urine level and the expression of interleukin-17 in the kidney of diabetic rats,and their correlation with the renal injury.Methods:64 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group and diabetes group.Rat diabetic nephropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg streptozoticin(STZ).In the 8th,12th week,serum and urine IL-17 were measured with sandwich ELISA.Meantime,CRP,the urinary albumin excretive rate(UAER),serum sugar,serum creatine (Scr) were measured.The expression of IL-17,TGF-β1 in the kidney were assessed by immunohistochemistry.Results:In comparison with control group,serum and urine IL-17 level,and the expression of IL-17 and TGF-β1 in rena1 tissue increased in diabetic rats;the elevated level of IL-17 in diabetic rena1 tissue were strongly correlated with expression of TGF-β1 in rena1 tissue,urine IL-17 level,UAER,CRP level.Conclusion:These results suggest that IL-17 may play an important role in the mediation of progressive renal injuries in the renal interstitial fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy,and its expression in kidney may indicate the disease activity and progressive renal injuries.


Little is known why the large firm wage premium (LFWP) exists. Using a matching of administrative employee-level information from Germany with firm-level data allows us to analyze how size affects the wage premium after adjusting for worker characteristics. We find that (i) firm size, not establishment size matters for the LFWP, (ii) the premium is driven by assets, not employees, (iii) the premium is a concave function of firm size, (iv) firm profitability, market share, and productivity have little impact on the premium's magnitude, (v) time-constant omitted variables explain about one-third of the premium, and (vi) reverse causality is unlikely to cause the LFWP. These findings are consistent with the idea that firms pay efficiency wages to incentivize workers but fail to support rent-sharing explanations.


The influence of exopolysaccharide extract of Morchella conica on the longevity of fruit fly was reported in this paper. The results showed that the exopolysaccharide extract of Morchella conica could obviously lengthen life-span of fruit fly. Relative to the controls, when the fruit flies were fed by the exopolysaccharide extract of Morchella conica in the concentration of 0.2 g·L-1, the percentages increased 22.18% (female) and 30.27% (male) in the fruit flies' averages of life-span. The percentages of life prolong were 20.55% (female) and 32.35% (male) in the fruit flies' half death time and were 20.39% (female) and 31.52% (male) in the fruit flies' maximum life-span compared with the controls. Moreover, the exopolysaccharide extract from Morchella conica had gender differences on the longevity of fruit fly, and it expressed a superior effect on the male fruit fly.


Forward Contamination: Spacecraft leaving Earth carry microbiological contaminants onboard, including vehicles intentionally and inadvertently impacted into the Moon's surface. In fact, since September 1959, approximately 60 missions have delivered upwards of 80 spacecraft, boosters, payloads, rovers, and other structures to the surface of the Moon. Based on previous work evaluating the resistance of terrestrial microorganisms to space extremes for up to 69 months [1], it is worth considering if recently delivered Earth biomass remains viable on the Moon. Previous lunar missions (e.g., Biostack experiments [2] onboard Apollo 16 and Apollo 17) also suggest potentially favorable survival outcomes for microorganisms delivered to the lunar surface. Using a 16-factor Lunar Microbial Survival (LMS) model [3], we estimated the probable viable bioburdens on all spacecraft components reaching the lunar surface through soft and hard landings. The LMS model tallied an estimated average microbial bioburden of ~5.47·10 viable vegetative cells and spores per individual spacecraft. Most relevant to upcoming Artemis and CLPS missions, the LMS model predicted higher survival outcomes for any spacecraft-delivered bioburden near the lunar poles (Fig. 1).


N O PROBLEM in the field of family case-work, perhaps, is so perplexing and harassing as that of domestic discord. Its tragedies are all the more disturbing because they leave in their wake a multitude of problems. And yet few problems in family casework have received more attention than has that of domestic discord. Much of this attention, it is true, has resulted in little increased knowledge or improved technique. Yet there are indications that a new approach is growing up which bids fair to compensate for the efforts expended in what seemed at the time to be fruitless attempts to prevent the disintegration of the family. But the story of the attempts to treat the problem of domestic discord by family case-work agencies is part and parcel of the growth of case-work in general. One must look, then, to the roots of casework in order to understand the development of methods of treating domestic discord.


The paper discusses relationships between aesthetics theory and mathematical models of mind. Mathematical theory describes abilities for concepts, emotions, instincts, imagination, adaptation, learning, cognition, language, approximate hierarchy of the mind and evolution of these abilities. The knowledge instinct is the foundation of higher mental abilities and aesthetic emotions. Aesthetic emotions are present in every act of perception and cognition, and at the top of the mind hierarchy they become emotions of the beautiful. The learning ability is essential to everyday perception and cognition as well as to the historical development of understanding of the meaning of life. I discuss a controversy surrounding this issue. Conclusions based on cognitive and mathematical models confirm that judgments of taste are at once subjective and objective, and I discuss what it means. The paper relates cognitive and mathematical concepts to those of philosophy and aesthetics, from Plato to our days, clarifies cognitive mechanisms and functions of the beautiful, and resolves many difficulties of contemporary aesthetics.


A tightness tester for a water pump casing of an automobile is capable of testing tightness of various pump casings by means of replacing replaceable fixtures, wide in applicable range, applicable to tests for different types of pump casings and formed pumps, and particularly capable of detecting small holes and slits on pump bodies during casting, machining and impacting. The tightness tester mainly comprises a base, a supporting guide frame, a water tank, a feeding pneumatic cylinder, a clamping pneumatic cylinder, reversing valves, a cushion block, a replaceable pump body fixture, upright columns and a work table. The tightness tester utilizes the pneumatic cylinders to realize feeding and clamping, adopts detection by water, and is convenient in clamping and high in efficiency and accuracy.


Improving the quality of intellectual property is an important part of university students' comprehensive quality education. Through the analysis of the current situation of the university students ' quality education in intellectual property, this paper pointes out the problems and proposes appropriate countermeasures from aspects of university and univercity library.


The concept of the child as a human being, whose development is influenced by a multiplicity of factors, has been held for a great many years. These factors were usually designated as physical, social, and psychological. The tripartition of the field of child development in this way sounded convincing, as one could hardly imagine what scientific data could result from research that would not fall into one of the three categories mentioned. What seems to have happened, however, was that, with the labeling of these categories of significant factors, there was a slackening in the drive to discover the specific influences and the extent and manner of their importance in the life of the child. Research interest seemed to be diverted into preoccupation with a fragment of one or another category, as various isolated aspects of child life were investigated. But with the emergence in modern times of the concept of the whole child as a living being in intimate dynamic


Objective. To assess the quality of spirometry performed in children and adolescents.
Method. A search in Medline and Lilacs basis for studies which assess the quality of spirometry performed in schoolchildren
(6 to 12 years old) and adolescents (13 to 18 years old) was accomplished. There was no disease, language or
time restriction, and the study search process were independently carried out by two reviewers.
Results. A total of 210 and 215 citations were found in Medline and Lilacs respectively. Nine studies have met the
inclusion criteria for this review.
Conclusions. It is likely that adequate and continually trained health care professionals can be a relevant issue for
test quality, not recommending the self-administrated test. There is also a trend that children aged 9 years and older, would
be more acquainted with the technique, performing better and more uniform tests, thus producing more reliable measures.
However, it is necessary to conduct a controlled, well-designed study, with consistent statistics to assess quality predictors
for the test in children and adolescents, forming groups with well-defined ages. The supposed influence of some diseases
on the quality of the examination, such as asthma, should also be more deeply investigated.


FA is an autosomal recessive inherited disease that causes progressive damage to the nervous system.1 FA first was described by Nikolaus Friedreich, a German physician, in 1863.2 Friedreich at first described the six patients in two families, with pathologically "degenerative atrophy of the spinal posterior columns", and clinically with poor balance, leg weakness, decreased walking, impaired coordination, dysarthria, nystagmus, impaired sensation, kyphoscoliosis and foot deformities.3 He also observed fatty degeneration of the heart in three cases. Critically, he identified the early age at onset, slow progression and inherited nature of the condition.4 All these features, together with early loss of deep tendon reflexes, form the core of the classical description of FA. The FA gene was open in 1996, leading to the better recognition of the spectrum of disease.4


The structure design and feature of a new type of 3D round valves were analyzed particularly. In an experimental rectangular column of 1000 mm×350 mm, the compared experiments between two trays equipped with 3D round valves and F1 type valves respectively were performed by employing a typical model experimental system of water-air. In the experiments, hydraulic properties, such as tray pressure drop, entrainment rate and leakage rate, were measured, and mass transfer efficiency were determined through the method of oxygen-absorption. The experimental results demonstrate that under the same condition, compared with that of the tray equipped with F1 type valves, the tray efficiency of 3D round valve is improved by about 20%, and its entrainment rate is slightly lowered. In the range of application in industry, the tray pressure drop and leakage rate of 3D round valves are both lower than those of F1 type tray. Consequently, the 3D round valve is proven to be a better valve in terms of comprehensive technology.


Age progression is the process of predicting the future facial appearance of faces appearing in images. The ability to produce accurate age progressed faces is important in a number of key applications including the identification of missing persons, development of age-invariant face recognition systems and automatic update of photographs in smart documents. Automatic age-progression is a challenging task, mainly due to the diversity of aging variation and the dependence of the aging process on external factors that include health conditions and hereditary trends. Recently an escalated research interest in the area is recorded and as a result a number of face aging algorithms were reported in the literature. In this paper we present key techniques reported in the literature with emphasis on techniques developed by the author. In particular we present a face-aging algorithm based on the definition of aging trajectories (the so called aging functions) and algorithms based on modelling the distributions of faces belonging to different subjects and different age groups. Special emphasis is given to the topic of performance evaluation of age progression methodologies based on dedicated metrics. Work in this area is considered an important research direction in the field, since it will enable the evolution of the most promising age progression methodologies.


Abstract : Using configural polysampling to identify high-performance estimates proceeds in two phases: (1) estimating the best compromise to make at each configuration polysampled, and (2) choosing a generally-defined estimate whose performance comes close to that of this estimated optimum. In the first step, shadow pricing of the criteria for the difference situations involved is helpful. In the second step, whether one uses a regression or selection-by-sectors approach, or combine both, the same shadow prices are useful. This report sketches some of the approaches to the two steps that seem natural. (Author)


Our series Prescribing in older people gives practical advice for successful management of the special problems experienced by this patient group. Here, the authors describe the management of deep vein thrombosis. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd


Short circuit (SC) is a stumbling block to battery safety. The common battery management system (BMS) holding the fixed threshold focuses overly on the absolute magnitude of battery voltage, and therefore cannot detect the early SC. This paper proposes an online method for detecting SC based on principal component analysis (PCA), which possesses an adaptive threshold. First, we analyze the fault signatures of SC. Then, utilizing PCA, we generalize the adaptive threshold and design a detection flow. Finally, the effect of this method is experimentally verified. The results indicate that a early SC with the discharge current of 0.17C can be identified within 2s.


The advent and proliferation of "Big Data" has led to time efficiency issues of classical algorithms. One way of approaching this issue is by developing probabilistic algorithms that terminate more quickly than comparable deterministic ones. In this paper, we implemented probabilistic algorithms for computing the singular value decomposition and inverse of a matrix in R and C++. Further, we measured the speed and accuracy of these implementations against comparable, available deterministic algorithms. In order to keep all operations in memory, we developed "slice" matrix multiplication algorithm that progressively computed the product of two matrices. Finally, we apply these methods for fitting thin plate spline models for detecting land


We study imaging properties of a 90 GHz microwave scanning probe consisting of a thin slit aperture (width of 10–100 μm) in the waveguide endwall. We perform vector measurements of the near-field reflectivity of test samples (conducting dot, strip, half plane, plane) at various probe–sample separations and orientations. Experimental results for small objects agree fairly well with analytical calculations and computer simulations and can be described by a quasistatic model. Experimental results for extended conducting objects show pronounced deviations from the quasistatic model due to excitation of the surface waves. Our experimental results demonstrate several peculiar features which have not been properly addressed in the context of near-field imaging, namely: (i) strong collimation of the fields away from the probe up to a distance equal to the probe width, (ii) very weak phase dependence on distance in the extreme near field, and (iii) excitation of surface waves above conducting surfaces.


INTRODUCTION: Laparascopic hernia repairs have become popular nowadays. The aim of this study is to evaluate the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair and to emphasize the importance of learning curve. METHODS: Patients who underwent laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair in our hospital between 2012-2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Age, gender, intraoperative and postoperative complications, duration of operation, postop hospital stay,time to return to work/ daily activity, pain and recurrence parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The study has been conducted on the results of 184 procedure repairs applied to 140 hernia patients, 96 of them unilateral and 44 bilateral. The average age is 50.55±15.01years, 126 patients are men and 14 patients are women. While 98 of the patients are under 65 years old, 42 of them are over 65 years old. The average duration of activity/return to work is 4.88±1.57 days and the average duration of operation is 59.53±21.21 minutes. Duration of staying in hospital is 1.02±0.14 days. %9,3 Intraoperative complication, %5,7 postop pain, %5 seroma were observed among cases. At the 3rd month checkup 6 patients experienced moderate pain, recurrence was observed in 5 patients at the 1st year checkup. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Laparascopic TEP inguinal hernia repair is a safe surgical procedure in terms of less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay,shorter time return to daily activity, similar complication rates compared to laparoscopic and open repairs in literature.


This article describes mortars, basins, slicks, and cupules created in bedrock and boulders in the Southern Southwest, and discusses the distribution and possible functions of these features. It defines the Southern Southwest as the region of the U.S. south of 34 degrees north latitude that includes the California portion of the Lower Colorado River valley and southern portions of Arizona and New Mexico, and the portion of western Texas that includes El Paso, Hudspeth, Culberson, Loving, Winkler, Ward, Reeves, and Jeff Davis counties (roughly the part of Texas from El Paso eastward just past the southeastern corner of New Mexico, then south and southwestward to a point south of Fort Davis, then westward to the Río Grande).


The authors use a new type of four-link forward-folding mechanism to achieve large planar array antenna radar which is compatible with sea-land-air transportation modes,especially,the mode that the radar equipment can be driven directly onto railroad flat in rail transport.The design was introduced for the folding mechanisms which used the hydraulic cylinder as the driving source,its working principle and structure design were emphasized,and the law of its motion and force conditions was analyzed.In the system design of the folding mechanisms,the synchronous driving source was used to achieve real-time synchronization of the two folding mechanisms in the process of expanding and collapsing.The folding mechanism has been successfully used in highly mobile radar for expanding and folding of large planar array antenna.Long-term application shows the folding mechanism has good performance and high reliability.


The usage of indicators acts in both strategic and tactical levels, it is effective for optimization of processes and also supports managerial decisions. Despite the relevance of risk management in software projects, it is in fact still usually overlooked by the organizations that develop software. One reason for this fact is that the concept of risk is abstract and subjective, and its management does not bring apparent immediate practical result. Differently, for example, in the financial market, where the risk management is consolidated and widely applied, and it is currently a need for the companies that work in this field. Briefly, risk management practices just became effectively consolidated in the financial market field when the uncertainties became measurable. In this context, this paper aims to define and propose indicators that are specific for environments of software projects in order to support risk assessment activities - risk identification and risk analysis. To achieve this objective, we first developed a systematic mapping study in order to collect evidences about metrics, indicators and relevant information for risk assessment. These findings were combined with the identification of measurable risk factors, providing, thus, a set of categorized indicators for software development environments.


This report documents the technical evaluation and review of NRC Safety Topic VI-7.A.3, associated with the electrical, instrumentation, and control portions of the classification of the ECCS actuation system for the Dresden II nuclear power plant, using current licensing criteria.


The kinetics of the interaction of isocyanic acid with ethanol is investigated. The reaction products include ethyl carbamate and ethyl allophanate, the yields of which depend on both the concentration ratio of HNCO:ROH and the presence of a catalyst. The influence of water, acid, and base additives is also examined. A reaction mechanism is proposed.


FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of forestry and landscape management and can be used in biotechnology and biochemical evaluation of the grass cover on the meander inundable floodable and upland meadows and meadows of forests. The method comprises the allocation within the water protection zone visually on the map or by full scale the site of the meadow with the test grass cover. Then on this site downstream the river or its feeder the groups of test sites are marked up and down the coastline. When marking the constant distance between the centres of the test sites along and across the river is taken into account, and after cutting the grass samples they are subjected to weighing and determine patterns of influence of distance from the riverbank and along it to the change in weight of samples of freshly cut grass. The meadow site even by the relief with test grass cover is allocated between the parallel to each other road and the coastal edge of a small river or its feeder. And if there is forest stand on the side of the site between the road and the riverbank, the distance from the edge of the site to the edge of the forest is measured. On the site of the test grass cover the grid mesh of the sample sites is taken uniform in both directions along and across the small river. And the location of the sample sites is taken along the longitudinal and transverse lines with equal distances relative to the bank of the small river or its feeder. And the distance from the edge of the coast to the first longitudinal line of the sample sites is taken not less than the spacing between the grid mesh lines, and the additional lines of location of virtual sample sites with zero mass of samples are taken as the riverbank and the edge of the road from the side of the grid mesh of the meadow site with test grass cover. EFFECT: method enables to extend the functional capabilities of testing the grass cover, in particular, meander meadows and forest meadows, to improve the accuracy of measurement and analysis of distributions of green mass of grass samples on the test sites, and to identify complex patterns of influence of the distance from the river, road and forest to the centers of the sample sites on the yield of meadow grass. 5 cl, 6 dwg, 2 tbl, 1 ex


The effect of 6 kinds of nutrients on submerged culture about G.lucidum G8 was studied.the results showed that the best medium proportion was cornmeal 4.0%,molasscs 1.5%,bean powder 2.0%,yeast paste 0.2%,KH_2PO_4 0.2%,MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.15%,pH 6.0.In 500mlminiature formation the mycelial mass could reach up to 25.1g/L,and the cornmeal was the major factor to mycelial growth and molasscs was the second factor for the mycelia growth.So,the cornmeal could be used as main source of carbonhydrate in fermentation medium.


To Kant,"sublime" means "without form" which can surpass human life and affirm the human value and dignity.To seek the transcendental principle for sublime in the human nature is unique.It may be said that this thinking wisdom is in accordance with Kant's spirit of transcendental philosophy,which tells sublime from exquisiteness,and what's more,distinguishes himself from Burke.However,Kant ignores the connection between sublime and art.It is his incompleteness that Schiller and other western estheticians seize opportunities to elaborate "sublime".


Abstract The Brayton cycle with supercritical carbon dioxide is considered as an innovative technology with the potential to replace conventional steam cycles. The optimization of the supercritical CO2 cycle (sCO2) is necessary and important to achieve the required thermal cycle parameters. The above optimization focuses on the setting of the energy cycle as such, the design solution of the individual components and, the last but not least, on the selection of suitable construction materials. Due to the operating conditions, namely temperatures exceeding 550 °C and pressure up to 25 MPa, material research is one of the important areas of the research and development of sCO2 energy cycles. Construction materials for sCO2 power cycle equipment include HR6W, T92 and Haynes HR235 alloys. This work presents results of the corrosion test, in which samples of these materials were exposed to sCO2 at 550 °C and 25 MPa for 1000 hours. Corrosion after exposure was examined using a light optical microscope (LOM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The significant differences in corrosion attack between the investigated materials and the formation of a protective oxide layer on the surface were observed.


Assisted reproduction policies constitute a particularly interesting case for the study of child rights governance as the child here is an intended child. The child's rights are in potential conflict not with the parental, but the reproductive rights of adults. The article aims to analyse the mobilisation of the best interests of the child principle as a rhetorical resource in Swedish assisted reproduction policies and to trace the limits of governance in the name of the rights of the child.


With the integration of large-scale new energy power generation into the grid, the inertial support capacity of the system is weakened. The hybrid energy storage system has the potential to respond simultaneously to the frequency regulation requirements of high and low-frequency disturbances of the system. It is an effective way to improve the frequency regulation capability of power systems. This paper proposes a frequency regulation control strategy for hybrid energy storage systems based on the adaptive modal number Variational Mode Decomposition(VMD) method. Determine the frequency dividing point according to the operating characteristics and parameters of different energy storage equipment, real-time decomposition of VMD algorithm by setting sliding window based on First IN First Out(FIFO) queue, combine different modes to reconstruct high and low-frequency signals to complete real-time decomposition of Automatic Generation Control(AGC) commands. Simulation examples verify the effectiveness of the method.


The current state-of-the-art image quality assessment (IQA) methods are based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, due to the constraint of the feature size by the fully connected layer, the original image must be cropped or stretched into a fixed-size (e.g., 224 x 224) before input into the CNN, which destroys the original structure and content of the image, thus affects the prediction accuracy of the quality score. In this paper, we propose a blind image quality evaluation method based on multi-scale spatial pyramid pooling (named CSPP-IQA). CSPP structure is proposed to fix the semantic feature size, the model can get its quality score by directly inputting the entire image avoid cropping or stretching. Moreover, with the help of introducing the CBAM attention mechanism and adaptive content understanding module, the proposed model improves the prediction accuracy, generalization ability and speed compared with state-of-the-art IQA methods. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately and quickly predict the image quality of real scene images.


The advantages of cooperative study are as follows: First, it can set aside more time and energy for teachers to solve other problems; second, it can cultivate more productive and active learning; most important of all, it can provide students with more opportunities to take the initiative to express themselves and to develop good study habits. Different ways to carry out cooperative study in classroom are also offered in the paper.


A communications standardization of industrial field apparatus is provided by OPC technology.Used OPC and SOCKET technology as remote data communication interface standards,a coal mine remote monitoring system of OPC client are design with Visual C++.Reliability and security of mine monitoring system in real-time data communication are improved effectively.


As a LANL activity for DOE/NNSA in support of SHINE Medical Technologies™ 'Accelerator Technology' we have been investigating the application of UV-vis spectroscopy for uranium analysis in solution. While the technique has been developed specifically for sulfate solutions, the proposed SHINE target solutions, it can be adapted to a range of different solution matrixes. The FY15 work scope incorporated technical development that would improve accuracy, specificity, linearity & range, precision & ruggedness, and comparative analysis. Significant progress was achieved throughout FY 15 addressing these technical challenges, as is summarized in this report. In addition, comparative analysis of unknown samples using the Davies-Gray titration technique highlighted the importance of controlling temperature during analysis (impacting both technique accuracy and linearity/range). To fully understand the impact of temperature, additional experimentation and data analyses were performed during FY16. The results from this FY15/FY16 work were presented in a detailed presentation, LA-UR-16-21310, and an update of this presentation is included with this short report summarizing the key findings. The technique is based on analysis of the most intense U(VI) absorbance band in the visible region of the uranium spectra in 1 M H2SO4, at λmax = 419.5 nm.


Adhesive protein extracted from mussel is a raw material for highquality adhesive and preservative. This paper presents the gene encoding for a novel kind of mussel adhesive protein from Mytilus sp.JHX2002, and transforming it to Pichia pastoris Gs115. The cloning vector pUC118/msfp1 is digested with EcoR Ⅰ and Not Ⅰ, and then cloned to a vector pPIC9K digested with EcoR Ⅰ and Not Ⅰ. The expressing vector pPIC9K/msfp1 is obtained and transformed into Gs115 with electric impact method. Inspecting with histidine wildness and PCR, we acquire the recombinant yeast of Gs115/msfp1.


New hash function algorithms have a potential application compared to the conventional MD family hash functions. The architecture and FPGA implementation of a secure hash function Tiger is introduced in this paper. The design was coded using VHDL and for the hardware implementation a Xilinx FPGA device was used. While no other previous Tiger implementations exist, the comparisons are conducted with previous hash functions especially Whirlpool function. The comparisons show that the proposed Tiger function could be used in the application where area is a design constraint, and where a different hash function from MD family of hash function such as Tiger, Whirlpool, is needed for the design


One of the most important of all regional problems is worldwide real income inequality. The world seems to be in a permanent state of unequal distribution of consumption possibilities between macroregions like Europe, North America, Japan, Australia and New Zea-land, and the CMEA region, on the one hand, and the mainly tropical and subtropical regions, on the other. the in UN D P n focus of a. I Regional inequality has been the ~0litical and scientific discussions aurtng last decade. The problem is illustrated Table 1, adapted from Leontief's study df th; future of the world-,,nomy. The data in the table indicate that the I richest region of the world. North America, has a per capita income approximately 38 times higher than the per capita income of the poorest region, Rest of Asia. The table also shows that the richest quarter of the world's RODU


The article analyzes the theory and practice of the exchange of persons as a prisoner of war through the prism of the functioning of the institution of release from serving a sentence, which in general allows to restore the rights and freedoms of defenders of Ukraine who were captured and assigned to the exchange fund of the foundation. It has been established that the content and essence of release from serving a sentence as an institution of criminal law, in particular in the context of prisoner of war exchange processes, is an extremely important and effective tool, the mechanism of which is the return to Ukraine of its defenders who were captured by the Russian side in exchange for those combatants who were captured by the defense forces of Ukraine and whose guilt was proven. It has been proven that in the conditions of the current legal regime of martial law in Ukraine and active hostilities, it is necessary to apply the institution of release from serving the punishment of prisoners of war, taking into account all procedural aspects of criminal and criminal procedural legislation. At the same time, it is stated that the role and place of the relevant institute in the context of the exchange of prisoners of war requires additional study at a higher scientific level, because researchers are constantly blurring the line between the release from serving the sentence of convicted persons and the release from criminal responsibility in the context of the exchange of prisoners of war who have the status of a suspect. Accordingly, this topic is on the border of the sciences of criminal law and criminal process, which will require the involvement of a wider range of researchers.


Significant attention became focused on public sector unions as a potential causal factor of state fiscal woes during the 'Great Recession.' In this paper, we exploit the variation in state union density, coverage, and collective bargaining laws to explore the relationship between unionization and state government borrowing costs. If investors perceive public sector unions to be barrier to a state's ability to make future debt payments, they may require a premium to hold debt. Using data from 1983-2008, we find that states with right-to-work laws for government employees, states that prohibit collective bargaining, and states that are not required to bargain with public sector unions pay significantly less in long-term borrowing costs than states without such laws. Overall, our results indicate that public sector collective bargaining laws may be responsible for an up to 50 basis point differential in borrowing costs across states, which translates to economically significant interest cost-savings.


This study aims to determine the effect of the short film media titled Ini Aku on the ability to write narrative V-2 grade students in learning Indonesian Mathayom level at the Islamic Santitham Foundation School in Southern Thailand. The formulation of the problems in this study include knowing the ability to write narration before using short film media, the ability to write narration after using short film media, and the effect of short film media on students' narrative writing abilities. The method in this study is quantitative, with the design of one group pretest posttest, using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a test, then analyzed through hypothesis testing. In the pretest an average value of 56.96 was obtained and in the posttest an average value of 58.48 was obtained. The tcount value of 0.69 is consulted with a table with a degree of freedom (dk) N-1 or 31-1 = 30, a significance level of 0.05. So the price is 1.697, then the price is smaller than t table. Based on the results of the t-test stated that the use of short film media titled Ini I did not affect the ability to write narrative V-2 students in learning Indonesian.


In this paper we propose and study a subgrid model for linear convection-diiusion-reaction problems with fractal rough coeecients. The subgrid model is based on extrapolation of a modeling residual from coarser scales using a computed solution on a nest scale as reference. We show in experiments that a solution with subgrid model on a scale h in most cases corresponds to a solution without subgrid model on a scale less than h=4. Acknowledgement The rst author would like to thank Professor Endre S uli for allowing him the opportunity to visit the Oxford University Computing Laboratory during Hilary term 1999, where part of this work took place.


Topicality. In eco-friendly farming systems, the biologicals help to increase winter wheat productivity and improve grain quality. These include both stubble biodestructors that accelerate the return of nutrients from by-products to the soil and multifunctional biologicals with fertilising, growth-regulating and protective properties. Purpose. To determine the influence of the stubble biodestructors and multifunctional biologicals under different fertilization backgrounds on the formation of individual plant productivity, yield and grain quality of winter wheat in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field method was used to study the interaction of the investigated factors on the plant growth and development, as well as and the winter wheat yield; quantitative-weight method – to determine the structure of the yield; mathematical and statistical method – to analyse the reliability of the obtained results. Results. It was established that the application of stubble biodestructors and multifunctional biologicals had an impact on the formation of the winter wheat yield and provided an increase in the number of productive stems by 4–9 %, grain weight per head by 3–7 %, and yield by 8–17 % against the background without fertilizers. The application of N90Р60К60 resulted in an increase in the number of productive stems by 10 %, the grain weight per head by 14 %, and the yield by 31% compared to the background without fertiliser. The use of biological preparations against this background provided an additional increase in productivity in the range of 9–15 %, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of productive stems and the weight of the ear of grain by 3–6 % and 5–8 %, respectively. On this background, the application of biologicals provided an additional increase in yield within 9–15 %, as well as an increase in the number of productive stems and grain weight per head by 3–6 % and 5–8 %, respectively. The highest yield of winter wheat was provided by the combination of the stubble biodestructor Organic-Balance with the of seed and crop treatment with a multifunctional biologicals Organic-Balance on a non-fertilised background – 5.27 t/ha and on a mineral background – 6.79 t/ha due to high productive stem density and the highest grain weight per head. Conclusions. In the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe on the non-fertilised background and mineral background with N90Р60К60, the maximum grain yield of winter wheat grown after sunflower was obtained due to the combination of technological elements, including the application of stubble biodestructors and multifunctional biologicals for seed and crop treatment. These eco-friendly elements have the potential to improve the winter wheat cultivation technology. Key words: winter wheat, fertilizer background, stubble biodestructor, multifunctional biologicals, productivity, grain quality


Nigeria, a country in the tropical region is characterized with heavy rainfall and high temperature. It is therefore appropriate to say that climatic factors affect its roads. Many of the roads are flooded with water after heavy rains due to inadequate drainage system. The roads in Ogun State are plagued with various distresses and failures. This study examined the effect of moisture variation on the strength characteristics of laterite in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Samples of laterite soils were obtained from Oke-Mosan burrow-pit, Abeokuta and engineering properties such as the natural moisture, sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, compaction and the strength characteristics were evaluated. The un-soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of the soil compacted at optimum moisture content was 32%. The effect of moisture variation on the strength of laterite was determined from results of CBR of the compacted laterite soils soaked in water for 5 days to simulate the worst moisture condition in the field for the laterite. The result showed that an increase in the soaking period of the compacted soil sample from 1 to 5 days result in decrease in the CBR of the soil from 6.57% to 6.16% also, there was also increase in the bulk density from 2060.74 kg/m 3 to 2169.20 kg/m 3 . The study revealed that affinity for water and the corresponding low shear strength of the laterite soils are responsible for the failure of roads in Abeokuta metropolis.


An unusual andesitic suite from the Miocene volcanic arc in Northland, New Zealand, comprises pyroxene andesite and garnetbearing hornblende^pyroxene, hornblende and biotite^hornblende andesites. Garnet crystals occur as 1^10 mm single crystals or more commonly as two or more annealed crystals and as garnetite lenses. The andesitic rocks also contain enclaves of high-MgO pyroxenite, hornblendite, and pyroxene^hornblende gabbro as well as highAl2O3 hornblende gabbro, garnet^hornblende gabbro, and anorthosite. Garnet crystals in the andesitic volcanic rocks and in the enclaves show comparable compositional ranges, zoning patterns and inclusions, which indicate that they share a common petrogenetic history.They can be grouped into four distinct types on the basis of mode of occurrence, chemical composition and zoning patterns, which leads to their interpretation as antecrysts rather than orthocrysts.The compositions of the garnets, as well as their included mineral assemblages, reflect a petrogenetic trend from high-temperature pyroxene-bearing high-Mg garnet to low-temperature Fe-rich garnet at relatively constant pressure. Well-preserved zoning patterns, in particular those of the Caand Mg-rich garnets, reflect processes within a deep crustal arc environment. Later assimilation is suggested by some zoning patterns that show decreasing Ca and increasing Fe and Mn contents.The garnets are interpreted as being derived by disintegration of discrete but closely related cumulate material that formed at pressures of 8^10 kbar. The host volcanic rocks and their garnet crystals together with the enclaves thus represent a consanguineous mixture of liquid and solid components that developed where subduction-related magmas ponded and interacted at or near the base of the crust.Together they represent a rare snapshot of the processes and components that produce arc-type rocks.


Histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 36 (H3K36me3) was recently reported to show a significant overlap with N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) mRNA modification in mammals. However, a similar linkage between histone and mRNA modifications has not yet been investigated in plants. Here, we highlight the highly influential discovery in mammals, and also show that H3K36me2 is a possible determinant of m6 A deposition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Based on an extensive bioinformatics analysis of the global distributions of m6 A and various histone modifications in Arabidopsis, we identified a significant co-occurrence of m6 A and H3K36me2. Meta-gene analysis showed that m6 A deposition in mRNAs largely depends on the presence of the H3K36me2 histone mark in the genome. Additionally, molecular factors involved in H3K36me2 and m6 A metabolism form protein-protein interaction networks. These results provide insights into the conservation of the intimate connections between chromatin and mRNA modifications across the animal and plant systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


We assume the reader is familiar with basic topology on the one hand and finite automata theory on the other hand. No proofs are given in this extended abstract.


This paper contains my personal reflections as scientific editor of the livestock systems and technology section of the Australian Farm Business and Farming Systems Management Journal, i.e. AFBM Journal. It is the aim of this paper to highlight critical issues in defining the framework of opportunities for authors in the broad area of livestock systems and technology. The message within the description of current economic, marketing and technological conditions for farming is that only a limited proportion (about 20%) of the farming community has taken the opportunities that are available to achieve levels of profitability and efficiency sufficient to break the city: bush gap. However, when most farmers are working below profitability benchmarks, their duty of care for the environment cannot be assured while government organizations do not consider redistribution of wealth. The final reflections of the paper endeavour to find out and justify a niche for AFBM Journal.


Let n > 0 be an integer and X be a class of groups. We say that a group G satisfies the condition (X,n) whenever in every subset with n+ 1 elements of G there exist distinct elements x,y such that hx,yi is in X. Let N and A be the classes of nilpotent groups and abelian groups, respectively. Here we prove that: (1) If G is a finite semi-simple group satis- fying the condition (N,n), then |G| < c 2(log21 n)n 2 (log 21 n)!, for some constant c. (2) A finite insoluble group G satisfies the condition (N,21) if and only if G/Z (G) = A5, the alternating group of degree 5, where Z (G) is the hypercentre of G. (3) A finite non-nilpotent group G satisfies the condition (N,4) if and only if G/Z (G) = S3, the symmetric group of degree 3. (4) An insoluble group G satisfies the condition (A,21) if and only if G = Z(G) ◊ A5, where Z(G) is the centre of G. (5) If d is the derived length of a soluble group satisfying the condition (A,n), then d = 1 if n 2 {1,2} and d 2n 3 if n 2.


Many studies point to the important role of sodium and potassium in many pathways, like cellular differentiation, division, homeostasis, electrolyte balances, pH regulation, nerve impulses, and apoptosis. Cancer cells keep more sodium in their cytoplasm compared to the normal cell, which may reveal that Na+ has a vital role in cancer cell homeostasis and their frequent division. Therefore, the ability of natural-based hydroxyapatite (HAp) to scavenging sodium from the cytoplasm will disrupt the internal homeostasis leading to activate apoptosis pathways. Where each hydroxyapatite molecule can scavenge three molecules of sodium but not potassium, this is due to the nuclear size difference between sodium and potassium. Accordingly, this study designed in hope to induce apoptosis by disruption of cellular homeostasis by scavenging internal sodium using natural-based hydroxyapatite (HAp). On the other hand, the passage of (HAp) composite across cell membrane facilitated by doping with lithium. Li doped to natural hydroxyapatite (Li-HAp) using wet impregnation method. The prepared sample characterized utilizing a scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The response of HepG2 against HAp doped with 0.1% Li investigated. Results showed that the rate of apoptosis observed in treated liver cancer cells (HepG2), has increased as sodium decreased. Where, the internal sodium concentration reduced by one-third, while potassium concentration increased by one-sixth comparing to treated cells with HAp alone as Li alone. Therefore, the induction of apoptosis presented a significant raise when cells treated with Li-HAp. In the light of these observations, Li-HAp may have good chance to be not only the anticancer candidate drug but also can use in the regulation of some muscle contraction, nerve impulses and hypertension diseases as a candidate drug.


SUMMARY 1. The intramedullary connections of the area postrema involved in the central cardiovascular response to angiotensin were studied in the chloralose-anaesthetized greyhound. 2. In the intact animal the response to vertebral arterial infusions of angiotensin (32 ng/min for 5 min) was decreased by unilateral ablation of the area postrema suggesting that both areas postrema contribute to this response. 3. In the animal in which both vagiwere blocked by cooling, the residual sympatheti cally mediated pressor response was unmodified by unilateral ablation of the area postrema suggesting that each area postrema can mediate the central sympathetic component of the response to angiotensin. 4. In the animal in which one vagus only had been blocked, unilateral ablation of the area postrema, irrespective of side, did not abolish the central cardiovascular response to angiotensin demonstrating that each area postrema can influence both vagi. 5. Midcollicular transection of the midbrain did not significantly alter the response to vertebral arterial infusions of angiotensin. This demonstrated that the central cardio vascular response to angiotensin is not dependent on connections with centres above the midbrain. 6. These results are consistent with the concept that the angiotensin-area postrema system is a neuro-humoral vasomotor centre afferent pathway. There is much evidence that angiotensin has a direct constrictor effect on arterioles (Bumpus, Schwartz & Page, 1957, 1958; Page & Bumpus, 1961; Peart, 1965) but other, autonomic, sites of action have been demonstrated including the adrenal medulla (Feldberg & Lewis, 1964), the autonomic ganglia (Lewis & Reit, 1965), the post-ganglionic nerve terminals


Objective: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease characterized by severe respiratory infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus COVID-19 was first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and then rapidly became a global pandemic from a local outbreak The present study aims to present the rapid increase of scientific productivity on COVID-19 by comparing publications of the first quarter with the first half of 2020 Materials and Methods: Web of Science (WoS) software was used for the search and the analysis To compare scientific productivity of two periods as the first quarter and the first half of the pandemic era, all scientific papers published about COVID-19 included in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) from January 1st to April 5th and from January 1st to July 9th of 2020 were searched using the following terms: "COVID-19","2019-n-CoV","SARS-CoV-2","Coronavirus disease 19" and "2019 novel coronavirus" as nomenclatures of COVID-19 Results: Overall, 337 and 11 704 scientific papers related to COVID-19, indexed by SCI-E, were found in the first quarter and the first half of 2020, respectively While the biggest contribution for publications was from People's Republic of China (PRC) in the first quarter and was from the USA in the first half of 2020 for COVID-19 Conclusion: We found a close correlation between the rapid acceleration of scientific papers and turning the disease from a local outbreak to a global pandemic Since sharing experiences is as important as struggling with these kinds of novel diseases, we believe that encouraging researchers to make scientific publications for others is more important than ever in the circumstances like this [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Erciyes Medical Journal / Erciyes Tip Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )


This work details the study of critical containment zones in Maharashtra within a time (April 9 2020 - July 31 2020) in the context of COVID-19. The effects of lockdown implementation, community isolation, environmental factors, demographic aspects, behavioural factors, diet etc. have been investigated. The effect of the aforementioned factors on the infected cases, cumulative infected cases, recoveries, cumulative recoveries, active cases, deaths and cumulative deaths are analyzed. The integrated effects of the aforementioned factors on COVID- 19 outcomes are further amplified due to adequate and inadequate health facilities. The study will be helpful to scientists, researchers, pharmacists and biotechnologists in new vaccine design & to accommodate above factors for the betterment of susceptible & infected people of Maharashtra and similar demographies across the globe. Further, it pinpoints the need for more awareness and control strategies among the people to reduce the havoc, stress, fear, anxiety, pathogenicity and thereby reducing mortality.


Purpose To identify mutations in 12 genes in Chinese families with congenital cataracts. Methods Twenty five families with congenital cataracts involved in this study. The coding exons and adjacent intronic regions of 12 genes were analyzed by cycle sequencing, including the alpha A crystallin (CRYAA), alpha B crystallin (CRYAB), beta A1 crystallin (CRYBA1), beta A4 crystallin (CRYBA4), beta B1 crystallin (CRYBB1), beta B2 crystallin (CRYBB2), beta B3 crystallin (CRYBB3), gamma C crystallin (CRYGC), gamma D crystallin (CRYGD), gamma S crystallin (CRYGS), alpha 3 gap junction protein (GJA3), and alpha 8 gap junction protein (GJA8) genes. Novel variants were further evaluated in 96 normal controls. Results Nine mutations were identified in 10 of the 25 families (40%), including 5 novel (c.350_352delGCT in CRYAA, c.205C>T in CRYAB, c.106G>C in CRYGD, c.77A>G in CRYGS, c.1143_1165del23 in GJA3) and 4 known (c.292G>A in CRYAA; c.215+1G>A and c.272_274delGAG in CRYBA1, and c.176C>T in GJA3). All novel mutations were predicted to be pathogenic and were not present in 96 controls. Conclusions Mutations in the 12 genes encoding crystallins and connexins were responsible for 40% Chinese families with congenital cataracts. Our results enriched our knowledge on the molecular basis of congenital cataracts in Chinese population.


Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the dental fear and related factors of dental hygienists using dental fear survey. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 279 dental hygienists from January 15 to March 28, 2015. The study instrument was dental fear survey. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 program by t-test, one way ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The questionnaire included general characteristics of the subjects, subjective oral health status, use of dental care services, subjective oral health status, and recent dental treatment. Results: Alcohol consumption was the most influential factor to the dental fear. The subjective status of oral health and direct pain sense also contributed to the dental fear. Conclusions: To reduce the dental fear, it is important to have high confidence toward the dental treatment performance in the dental hygienists.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the sensitivity of Australian stock returns to US market returns, via an international market model. Our study investigates the relative sensitivity to (1) the US return denominated in Australian dollars and (2) the US market return decomposed into its two component factors (the US market return expressed in US dollars and the AUDUSD exchange rate return). Our results suggest that Australian industries are differentially sensitive to changes in the US market and to exchange rate movements.


The purpose of this study is to find out the orientations and characteristic in clothes buying of each age group of elderly women, based on the actual self-image and the ideal self-image of clothing. Grasping the diversity of their clothes' buying orientations will be helpful in making a better merchandise production planning for apparel, and in launching new brands into the market. The study will also provide useful data in developing sales strategies which enable to supply goods that meet consumers' needs and tastes in the quality market, and consequently will help to classify the market. Samples were 488 women of 55 and over, dwelling in Pusan Metropolitan City. The data was analysed by using MANOVA, ANOVA, and the Cronbach's reliability was also applied. The conclusions based on the theoretical background and the result of questionnaire surveys were as follows: 1. The order of priority of buying orientations based on clothes's actual self-image was 'practicality', 'cautiousness' and 'economical effectiveness' without regard to age. The items that showed the significant differences in 50's were 'cautiousness', 'experimentation', 'fashion-consciousness' and ostentatiouness, and in 70's were 'economical effectiveness', 'experimentation', 'impulsiveness' and 'environmental friendliness', and none in 60's. 2. The order of priority based on clothes' ideal self-image was the same as that of actual one, and there was no significant difference between age groups


Perkins Lake gas field is in W. Butte County, California. The field lies on a regional homocline that parallels the W. side of the Sacramento Valley. The structure appears to be an anticlinal nose. Gas was entrapped by closure on the north and west; to the south and east, the gas sands are buttressed against Cretaceous sediments. Gas production is obtained from lenticular sands and conglomerates, interbedded with siltstones. The net productive sand thickness ranges from 0 to 175 ft. In the S. portion of the field, an 8-ft thick productive sand is present about 200 ft above the main Perkins Lake sands. Perkins Lake gas field has produced about 2 million Mcf of gas per yr with very little water. Only one well, No. B-5, Sect. 15, had water and sand problems; efforts to rework the well were unsuccessful.


The effect of ethanol leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina on some indices of liver, kidney function and lipid profile in male albino Wistar rats intoxicated with theobromine was investigated. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats weighing between 140 g – 160 g used for the study were divided into 6 groups with 5 animals in each group. Group I served as control while Group 2 received 700 mg/kg bw of theobromine daily for 4 days. Group 3 received 400 mg/kg bw of V. amygdalina leaf extract daily for 21 days while Groups 4 and 5 were treated with 400 mg/kg bw of V. amygdalina leaf extract for 21 days before and after intoxication with 700 mg/kg bw of theobromine for 4 days respectively. Group 6 was given 700 mg/kg bw of theobromine daily for 4 days and then allowed for 21 days without treatment. Serum was obtained from whole blood and used to determine activities of some serum enzymes and lipid profile as well as kidney function. The liver, kidney and heart were excised and used for histological studies. The results show significantly increased serum enzyme activities, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentration in Group 2 compared to the control (P V. amygdalina leaf extract alone showed results close to those of the control. Group 4 showed decreased serum enzyme activities, decreased concentration of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol while HDL cholesterol was increased significantly when compared to Group 2. Group 5 also showed a significant difference in the biochemical indices when compared to Group 2 while Group 6 show decreased serum enzyme activity that was significant when compared to Group 2. The urea and creatinine concentrations were significantly increased in theobromine intoxicated animals while administration of Vernonia amygdalina normalised these parameters. Histology of the liver, kidney and heart revealed altered cellular architecture following administration of theobromine (Group 2) while normal histological features were restored after treatment with ethanol leaf extract of V. amygdalina . The study has demonstrated that ethanol leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina ameliorate and protect liver, kidney and heart of male albino Wistar rats against theobromine induced toxicity and modulates the adverse effects on lipid profile.


Graphite as a solid lubricant was incorporated in a Al-Si eutectic alloy by a liquid metallurgy technique. The pin-on-disc wear test unit was used to determine the friction and wear characteristics of the composites in the speed and bearing pressure ranges of 0.9 to 4.4 ms-1 and 0.15 to 1.02 MPa respectively. The pins of the composites were slid against a hardened (63 HRC) AISI-SAE 52100 steel disc under dry conditions for a distance of 5000 m. SEM features of the worn surfaces were correlated with the ob served wear data. An attempt was made to determine the effect of graphite type, modification of the matrix and hot working on wear behaviour of the composites. It was found that more than the graphite type, the silicon size influences the wear.


ORNL built a first-generation Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility for astrophysics and nuclear physics research; it was named Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) and is based on the Isotope Separator On Line (ISOL) technique. Planning is underway for a second- generation facility, the National ISOL RIB facility at Oak Ridge; it will build on the existing HRIBF and may utilize many existing components and shielded areas. Preliminary upgrade plan for the new facility includes: adding a superconducting booster for the tandem accelerator; replacing the 1960-vintage, 60-MeV proton, 50-microamp ORIC (Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron) with a modern 200-MeV proton, 200-microamp cyclotron; and building a high-power {sup 238}U fission target to accept the 200-MeV proton beam. This report summarizes the results of a preliminary 1-D shielding analysis of the proposed upgrade, to determine the shielding requirements for a 0.25 mrem/h dose rate at the external surface of the exclusion area. Steel shielding weights ranging from 60 to 100 metric tons, were considered manageable; these could be reduced by a factor of 2 to 3 if the orientation of the proposed target station was changed.


The present invention relates to a device in a dense material flow A method of pneumatic transport in bulk, the apparatus comprising a closed cross-section of the conveying line (3) having a delivery channel (2) having a compressed gas passageway (18) a compressed gas passage means (5) and means for (18) (2) supplying the compressed gas from the compressed gas passage to the delivery channel the compressed gas bypass line (4). The present invention is distinguished in that said conveying line (3) is provided with fluidization means, and the fluidising means comprises a fluidising gas channel (8) and a gas passage from said fluidization (8) (2) supplying fluidising gas passage (9) of the fluidizing gas fluidizing body (6) to the conveying path.


QUICK provides the computer user with the facilities of a sophisticated desk calculator which can perform scalar, vector and matrix arithmetic, propagate conic orbits, determine planetary and satellite coordinates and perform other related astrodynamic calculations within a Fortran-like environment. QUICK is an interpreter, therefore eliminating the need to use a compiler or a linker to run QUICK code. QUICK capabilities include options for automated printing of results, the ability to submit operating system commands on some systems, and access to a plotting package (MASL)and a text editor without leaving QUICK. Mathematical and programming features of QUICK include the ability to handle arbitrary algebraic expressions, the capability to define user functions in terms of other functions, built-in constants such as pi, direct access to useful COMMON areas, matrix capabilities, extensive use of double precision calculations, and the ability to automatically load user functions from a standard library. The MASL (The Multi-mission Analysis Software Library) plotting package, included in the QUICK package, is a set of FORTRAN 77 compatible subroutines designed to facilitate the plotting of engineering data by allowing programmers to write plotting device independent applications. Its universality lies in the number of plotting devices it puts at the user's disposal. The MASL package of routines has proved very useful and easy to work with, yielding good plots for most new users on the first or second try. The functions provided include routines for creating histograms, "wire mesh" surface plots and contour plots as well as normal graphs with a large variety of axis types. The library has routines for plotting on cartesian, polar, log, mercator, cyclic, calendar, and stereographic axes, and for performing automatic or explicit scaling. The lengths of the axes of a plot are completely under the control of the program using the library. Programs written to use the MASL subroutines can be made to output to the Calcomp 1055 plotter, the Hewlett-Packard 2648 graphics terminal, the HP 7221, 7475 and 7550 pen plotters, the Tektronix 40xx and 41xx series graphics terminals, the DEC VT125/VT240 graphics terminals, the QMS 800 laser printer, the Sun Microsystems monochrome display, the Ridge Computers monochrome display, the IBM/PC color display, or a "dumb" terminal or printer. Programs using this library can be written so that they always use the same type of plotter or they can allow the choice of plotter type to be deferred until after program execution. QUICK is written in RATFOR for use on Sun4 series computers running SunOS. No source code is provided. The standard distribution medium for this program is a .25 inch streaming magnetic tape cartridge in UNIX tar format. An electronic copy of the documentation in ASCII format is included on the distribution medium. QUICK was developed in 1991 and is a copyrighted work with all copyright vested in NASA.


Thispaper explores the emergence of ethnic precincts in Sydney, Australia's largest, most culturally-diverse city. It explores the key role of ethnic entrepreneurs and government authorities in shaping the emergence and development of these precincts. Thepaper also explores the 'place marketing' of ethnic precincts and the way that they can link into national and international tourism as cultural diversity becomes commodified. Thepaper finally explores the contradictions inherent in contemporary ethnicprecincts in Sydney.


The biological spectrum of a grassland community of Rairangpur (86 0 11' 45'' E ; 22 0 16' 45''N) in the district of Mayurbhanj, Odisha was studied following Raunkiaer [1] , Dansereau [2] and Rao [3] . The community comprised of 29 species. They belonged to four different life form classes i.e. Chamaephytes, Hemicryptophytes, Geophytes and Therophytes. The community was found to be Therophytic. The percentage of Therophytes was found to be maximum (37.93%) followed by Chamaephytes (27.59%), Hemicryptophytes (20.69%) and Geophytes (13.79%). The present study exhibited higher percentage of Chamaephytes, Geophytes and Therophytes compared to Raunkiaer's [1] normal spectrum. The species composition, topography, geographical distribution, soil characteristics, climatic conditions and biotic interference of the locality, might be responsible for variation of spectrum value in the grassland community.


Following previous work in which a variational method for the many-body problem was proposed wherein an effective potential $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{V}$ was introduced as a variational parameter to construct a trial wave function, we apply the method to the two-dimensional electron gas. In the method, every physical quantity is expanded in powers of $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{V}$ instead of the bare potential as in the usual perturbation-theoretic approach. Because of this choice of expansion parameter, the expansion series converges rapidly even in the strong-coupling region. The result for the correlation energy in the two-dimensional electron gas agrees very well with that given by the variational Monte Carlo method even in the lowest-order calculation (i.e., to second order in $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{V}$). The difference is within several percent for $1l{r}_{s}l100$.


Rotatable retarder fixed polarizer (RRFP) Stokes polarimeters are widely used to detect the state of polarization of light. The orientation error of the retarder is one of important error sources of RRFP Stokes polarimeters. In order to investigate the effect of the orientation errors of retarder on measurement results, a new analytical model is proposed to express the polarimetric error resulted from it, and a methods based on covariance matrix is used to express the polarimetric error. In addition, according to the analytical error model, the optimal polarimeter configuration is obtained. During derivation, we suppose that the angular orientation errors of the retarder obey a uniform Gauss distribution. Based on the analytical model derived, it can be concluded that (1) the measurement errors induced by the angular orientation error of the retarder is inversely proportional to N; (2) the measurement errors are independent to the incident intensity so, but seriously depend on the incident state of polarization (s(1,) s(2), s(3)) and the retardance of the retarder delta; (3) the retardance ranging from 103. 22 degrees to 116. 13 degrees, whihc results in the minimum measurement errors induced by the orientation errors of the retarder. Finally, simulation is performed to prove that these analytical results derived agree well with simulation results.


Oak Ridge National Laboratory recently received 27 32-way IBM pSeries 690 SMP nodes. In this paper, we describe our initial evaluation of the p690 architecture, focusing on the performance of benchmarks and applications that are representative of the expected production workload.


Objective The inhibitor of differentiation 3(Id3),as an important cell growth regulator,plays a significant role in cell proliferation and differentiation.This study aimed to express and purify the recombinant human Id3 protein in E coli and prepare a monoclonal antibody(McAb) against human Id3 for further investigating the biological function and clinical application of Id3.Methods The recombinant vector Id3/pET32a was transformed into E coli BL21 and recombinant human Id3 was expressed after induction with IPTG.The Id3 fusion protein was purified through immobilized Ni2+ absorption chromatographic column and used to immunize BALB/c mice.The McAb was produced by the conventional hybridoma cell method and characterized by ELISA and Western blot.Results Two hybridoma cells,named 6G7 and 6G9,were obtained after 3-4 rounds of cloning,which could stably secrete McAbs against the Id3 recombinant protein and belonged to the IgG1 subtype.Western blot analysis showed that the McAbs specifically identified with the Id3 recombinant protein.Results of indirect ELISA demonstrated that the titers of the two McAbs,secreted by 6G7 and 6G9 before or after freeze and thaw were 1∶1000 and 1∶5000,respectively.Conclusion The Id3-specific McAb against the recombinant protein was successfully prepared,which may provide an important tool for further study of the Id3 protein.


In order to observe the therapeutic effect of "Compound Ephedra and Assarum Agent" for acute seizure of infantile brachial asthma and its functional mechanism,60 cases of infants with acute seizure of bronchial asthma were randomly divided into two groups,in which 30 cases in the treatment group were treated with spray inhalation of "Compound Ephedra and Assarum Agent" and 30 cases in the control group were treated with salbutamol,to compare the therapeutic effect,TXB 2 and 6 Keto PGF 1α in the two groups seven days later.The results showed that the total effective rate was 86 6% in the treatment group and 83 3% in the control group ( P 0 05),and TXB 2 was obviously decreased and 6 Keto PGF 1α was remarkably elevated and the pulmonary functions were greatly improved in the sick infants in the treatment group than before the treatment.The findings in the animal experiment showed that "Compound Ephedra and Assarum agent" could elevate plasma 6 Keto PGF 1α content in the asthma modeled guinea pig,indicating that the therapeutic effect in spray inhalation of "Compound Ephedra and Assarum Agent" for infantile asthma is basically similar to that in spray inhalation of salbutamol and its function may be related to regulation of the immune function,dilation of the smooth muscle of the bronchus and inhibition of reaction of asthmatic inflammation.


Currently, the growing field of technology has paved the way for using environmental friendly resources; in particular, plant origin holds ecological concern and renewable aspects. Currently, natural fiber composites have widening attention, thanks to their eco-friendly properties. In the present work, the composite material is reinforced with natural fibers from the bark of banana trees (banana fibers), a material available in Vietnam. Banana fibers are extracted from banana peels, pretreated with NaOH 5%, and then cut to an average length of 30 mm. Banana fiber is reinforced for epoxy resin Epikote 240 with mass percents: 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, and 25 wt.%. The results were evaluated through structural morphology (SEM), mechanical properties, fire resistance, and thermal properties. Experimental results show that the tensile, compressive, and impact strengths of biosynthetic materials up to 20% by weight have increased compared to epoxy neat. Flame retardant and thermal properties are kept stable; 20 wt.% banana fiber gives a limiting oxygen index of 20.8% and satisfactory thermal stability.


The introduction of the ballpoint pen and its consequent change in the prevalent fountain pen industry is presented as an empirical evidence of Christensen's disruptive technology theory. This research paper analyses the different innovation strategies adopted by the fountain pen industry to survive to the attack of ballpoint pen spread. To meet this objective, case studies of Waterman, Montblanc and Parker companies are discussed. The data, collected from secondary sources, indicate that the fountain pen industry had a great reduction in their sales and later stabilised at a lower level by stressing their positioning at the luxury goods market, but also adopting and transforming the new ballpoint technology. The analysis of this case leads to the conclusion that the ballpoint pen is truly a good example of Christensen's disruptive technology because it contains all of Schumpeter's types of innovation.


THE lift coefficient of an aerofoil fitted with a hinged control flap and a tab can be expressed in the form:


The localization of urban brand is closely associated with urban planning.It is very difficult to remedy the direct or potential loss caused by urban planning at random in either short term or long term.Therefore it is necessary to scientifically localize and define the urban brand in order to avoid the intensification of contradictions such as the deterioration of the environment,also to strengthen the gather benefit of advanced technology and the passing of urban history.On the basis of our local urban brand definition and the background research,the inter-relation between them,some suggestions and possible solutions are put forward for innovative urban planning to suit the local urban brand conception and demand,through the in-depth analysis on the inner link between urban planning and urban brand upbuilding.The aim is to offer scientific basis for urban brand and urban planning deverlopment,the combination of which will make urban resources to maximize the potential of harmonious city development and sustainable city utilization.


The average height of men in Western Europe is thought to have been rising during the last century by about one inch every 25 years ; mean body weight has also gone up (Khosla & Lowe (1968) Lancet i, 742). It is reasonable to suspect that all parts of the body share to some extent in this growth. If this is so, the volume of the skull and thus the size of the brain could now be appreciably greater than it was a hundred years ago. To test this hypothesis we have extracted the relevant information from 7397 postmortem records in the archives of the Institute of Pathology at the London Hospital. These comprehend all 20 to 50-year-old men and women who had died there and on whom an autopsy had been performed in each year since 1907. Fresh brain weight, body weight and height have been analysed statistically according to sex and to year of birth, any person with a cerebral or skeletal abnormality having been excluded. Brain weight in men was found to have increased gradually by an average of 0.66 g per year from a mean of 1372 g for those born in 1860 to one of 1424 g for those born in 1940-a total of 52 g over the period of 80 years. The weight of the female brain increased by 0.28 g per year from 1242 g to 1265 g over the same time. No appreciable rise in brain weight occurred in women however until 1900; after that date the increase was of the same order in the two sexes. Evidence of secular increases in body height and in body weight was also found. Yates P.O. (The University, Manchester M13 9PT) Reduction in cytoplasmic RNA in neurones in cases of senile dementia


Acute allograft rejection is a prominent cause of graft failure in heart transplant recipients. Graft infiltration with immune-mediated cells is associated with changes in electric conduction. ECG patterns in heart transplant rejection generally include changes in the electric activity of the atria. ST-segment elevation is an uncommon presentation in acute rejection. We describe a case of mixed cellular and humoral rejection in a 74-year-old man 5 years after orthotopic heart transplantation presenting with lateral ST-segment elevations on ECG and normal coronary arteries on coronary angiography. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grade 3R severe acute cellular rejection with associated pAMR1 (I+) antibody–mediated rejection.

A 74-year-old man with chronic heart failure caused by an ischemic cardiomyopathy who underwent heart transplantation 5 years previously presented with left-sided chest pain of 4 days duration. Associated symptoms included dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and nausea. The past medical history was notable for an episode of acute cellular rejection 4 years before admission. The patient's medications included aspirin, rosuvastatin, clonidine, and a 2-drug immunosuppresion regimen consisting of …


With independence and the onset of the 'oil boom' urbanisation in Nigeria developed bringing with it deepening rural poverty and urban bias. The administrative structure of the country was altered with the creation of a new capital city, new states and changes in local government resulting in a spatially dispersed urban and administration system. The urban problem remained as the rural areas were increasingly marginalised. This study identifies the ramifications of urban-rural interaction among migrants in the urban area of Calabar and with their home areas. It assesses the modes of organization of interaction in Obudu as one of the source areas, and attempts to place these within the context of other developmental impulses and influences from the point of view of the prospective development of Obudu. A methodological strategy, incorporating the network approach, triangulation and rural appraisal, was used to counter the difficulty of transposing particular methods from a developed to a developing world situation. The study shows that migrants' interaction with their home areas,, through networks and linkages, is geared towards the preservation of rural opportunities and investment. Remittances are a major source of funds for the training of rural kith and kin. By comparison, urban-based Community Development Associations play a minor role in rural development. However the ability of wellplaced migrants to attract projects to their home areas is great. Government agencies have achieved greater success through infrastructural projects which have also generated employment opportunities. In addition the agencies have increased the accessibility of extension services to farmers and, through the Better Life Programme, have increased female participation in communal decisions and economic development. Emancipatory rural development is shown to depend on effective collective efforts by both government and members of rural communities themselves.


The history of the formation and development of the Department of Zoology and Entomology named after B. M. Lytvynov of the Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V. V. Dokuchaiev since 1840 is presented. The activity of the heads of the department and leading scientists in different periods is characterized. The scientific schools of V. G. Averin, A. A. Migulin, B. M. Litvinov, Ye. N. Beletskiy are described, which cover a wide range of issues of population dynamics of phytophagous insects, protection of fruit, cruciferous and other agricultural crops. The directions of research of the current teaching staff are highlighted.


Importance Industrial-economic activities of organizations are ensured by the use of material, labor and financial resources, and also by fixed assets, i.e., the means of labor and labor material conditions. The place of tools in the development of productive forces and production relations determines the value of fixed assets in social production. In modern conditions, the role of accounting and control over the management of all resources, including fixed assets, is enhancing. The availability of the basic means of production of agricultural enterprises and the effectiveness of their use are the most important factors affecting the results of economic activities. Objectives The aim of the study was to review the security and efficiency of fixed assets of agricultural enterprises of the Saratov region. Methods By using the techniques of economic analysis on the basis of performance indicators and the technical condition of the core enterprises of the Saratov region, we have analyzed the effectiveness of their use. We have investigated issues of procurement of new agricultural machinery and forgiveness on wear and attrition rate over the past three years. Results We made brief recommendations to improve the efficiency of agriculture, the main of which for agricultural businesses are recommendations on leasing, development of regional agricultural engineering and strengthening State regulation of the market of logistical resources.


Mullerin agenesis also referred as mullerian aplasia, Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKH) or vaginal agenesis is the congenital anomaly of vertical fusion defect of mullerian system resulting in variable abnormalities of female reproductive tract with normal functioning ovaries. It is second most common cause of primary amenorrhea after gonadal agenesis. The occurrence of mullerian agenesis in twins is very rare. We present the case of one of the non-identical twins, 22 years female, with primary amenorrhea. Her elder twin sister had a normal female reproductive system. In our case, diagnosis was supported by presence of definitive primary amenorrhea with well-developed secondary sexual characteristics. Normal physiological hormonal levels ruled out the ovarian or pituitary pathology. Imaging studies like ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided additional confirmation.


This paper presents a system to monitor pick-up/drop-off of school children to enhance the safety of children during the daily transportation from and to school. The system consists of two main units, a bus unit and a school unit. The bus unit the system is used to detect when a child boards or leaves the bus. This information is communicated to the school unit that identifies which of the children did not board or leave the bus and issues an alert message accordingly. Identifying children RFID tag number using RFID reader along with corresponding bus number and driver phone number and then check for absentees, if any absentees found, send SMS to the child's parent with bus number and driver number. One button system should be there for women's individual safety system, use of the button is – when the button is pressed a emergency message is sent to any number (this number is considered as relative number or police station number for safety precautions) with current location from the GPS module. Index Terms – RFID reader and tag ,GSM, GPS and Arduino


Genetic studies were conducted for the resistance in maize to Helminthosporium maydis race T,using the generalized genetic model method.The results indicated that additive and dominance effects,with the dominance effect predominating mainly controlled the nuclear resistance.Positive correlations among the three disease traits were highly significant,which were mainly ascribed to additive effects.Dominant genetic correlation between lesion number and disease rating was also significant.The potential values of parental lines were evaluated in respect to the predicted values of genetic effects.


The utility model provides a bath swimming pool for the waterfowl breeding. A bath swimming area in a bath swimming pool includes a sediment retaining area, which is high on one side and low on the other side and has a gradient; a retaining mechanism is arranged at the pool bottom of the sediment retaining area; a water collecting well is arranged on the low side of the pool bottom of the sediment retaining area; and a screen which can be pulled out is arranged in the water collecting well. The bath swimming pool for the waterfowl breeding is integrated with a solid excrement collecting device; animals like waterfowl bred in captivity has the excrement on bodies as well as the fresh excrement left in the pool when staying in the bath swimming pool in the daytime, most of the excrement are retained at the pool bottom by the retaining mechanism at the pool bottom after a period of natural sedimentation process, and one part flows into the water collecting well along with water current and is retained by the screen, therefore, after a period of time, the water in the bath swimming pool is drained, the solid excrement is retained by the retaining mechanism and concentrated and collected through sweeping conveniently, the centralized treatment is performed, the environmental pollution is avoided, and the bath swimming pool can be recycled and reused.


Brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an agronomically important nontuberous crop of Solanaceae family, native to southern India, and widely grown in Americas, Europe and Asia. Its close relatives: S. aethiopicum (scarlet eggplant) and S. macrocarpon (Gboma eggplant) are of African origin. Brinjal eggplant is a new vegetable in Poland. Until recently it was grown only in glasshouse conditions. Breeding of new eggplant cultivars and improvement of growing technology resulted in the increase of both cultivation acreage and consumption scale in Poland. For an efficient development of eggplant breeding programmes it is necessary to collect information concerning the characteristics and variety of eggplant genetic resources. The present publication includes detailed taxonomy of eggplant and its relatives, their origin and history of growing. The information connected with eggplant worldwide genetic resources and breeding objectives have been presented. Different propositions for cultivar grouping and the characteristics of selected cultivars have been taken into consideration. Agnieszka Sekara, Stanislaw Cebula, Edward Kunicki 98


Objective To find out the reasons of unvaccination first dose of Hepatitis B vaccine(Hep B1) timely delivered in hospital in Guiyang. Methods The samples came from three first level hospitals whom born in June 1st to Feb. 31 st in 2011 by random sampling. Analysis the reason of unvaccinated of the first dose Hep B1. Results In the hospital, the Hep B1 timely coverage rate was 94.35%. The reasons of which neonates did not have Hep B1 timely vaccination were simply premature(7.07%), premature and other diseases(56.34%), simply low birth weight(14.08%), low birth weight and other diseases(4.23%), simply asphyxiation(14.09%), asphyxia and other diseases(1.41%). Conclusions The Hep B1 timely coverage rate had reached at high level in the three first level hospitals. The main reason of unvaccination timely Hep B1 was incorrect to distinguish the contraindications for Hep B1 vaccine, It is necessary to strengthen education for immunization staff.


Malabar spinach (Basella spp.) is a nutritious vegetable in the family Basellaceae. Malabar spinach goes by many names, including Indian spinach, Ceylon spinach, vine spinach, and climbing spinach. Malabar spinach has long been established in cultivation in China and India. This spinach is a novel crop to Florida and is currently grown only for niche markets. However, Florida's suitable climate coupled with Malabar spinach's great taste and nutritional quality suggest that this crop has great potential for commercial cultivation. This new 8-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department describes in brief how to grow Malabar spinach, manage pests, harvest, and market it. Written by Yuheng Qiu and Guodong Liu.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1371


Preliminary analysis of the large and somewhat atypical Pueblo III basketry assemblage from Antelope House suggests the possibility of isolating individual basketmakers and groups of basketmakers within the Antelope House population. Observations are offered on the methodology of distinguishing individual basket-makers at this site. The assemblage as a unit is compared to other Pueblo III basketry collections.


The magnetospheric radial-diffusion operator Λ ≡ – L2(∂/∂L)[(DLL/L2)(∂/∂L)] for radiation-belt and ring-current particles has eigenfunctions gn(L), and these can be expressed in closed form (as can the corresponding eigenvalues λn) if the diffusion coefficient DLL is exactly proportional to Lβ for some fixed β > 3. More specifically, the eigenfunctions are expressible in terms of a linear combination of ordinary Bessel functions of the first and second kinds, denoted Jv(θn) and Yv(θn), respectively. The order v of the Bessel functions is given by v = (β – 3)(β – 2), and the argument θn is proportional to L(2−β)/2. The value of the proportionality constant L(β−2)/2θn and the relative weights of Jv(θn) and Yv(θn) in the linear combination are to be chosen so as to make gn(L0) = gn(L1) = 0, where L0 and L1 are the labels of the innermost and outermost drift shells, respectively. Thus, the solution f̄(L, t) of the radial-diffusion equation ∂f̄/∂t = – Λf̄ for the drift-averaged phase-space density f̄(L, t) is expressible as the sum of a quasi-static solution f̄∞(L, t) = 0 and a time-dependent superposition of the eigenfunctions of the radial-diffusion operator Λ. The quasi-static solution instantaneously satisfies the equation Λf̄∞(L, t) = 0 and the boundary conditions that the magnetosphere imposes (at L = L0 and at L = L1) on f̄(L, t) itself. Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are obtained here for β = 10 with L1 = 8L0 = 9 and are employed in several idealized but illustrative applications of the eigenfunction method to situations in which the value of f̄(L1, t) is made to vary with time while the value of f̄(L0, t) is made to vanish.


The documents of DunHuang society which recorded all kinds of social activities from the Late Tang Dynasty to beginning of the Song Dynasty,have many social words.Reflecting specified appearance of the Northwest Chinese,these words have abundant features of that time and that region.This paper notes selected twenty words so as to enlarge the achievements.


Despite continuing global crisis and relentless criticism from sources as diverse as heterodox economists and religious leaders, homo economicus remains apparently unassailable as a fundamental concept of orthodox economics teaching, research, and policy formation. This concept of the self-interested, goal-oriented, utility-maximizing individual is subjected to painstaking analysis, from differing directions, in each of these three books. Together, they provide a valuable set of resources for developing a more complex, socially and biologically grounded basis for explaining human behavior – principally cooperation, altruism, and morality – that defies the narrow, albeit obdurate, precepts of homo economicus. A particularly important aspect of the two books by first Hodgson, and second Bowles and Gintis, is that they emphasize how moral patterns, practices, and expectations (moral sentiments) have evolved historically, both biologically and socially, through human relations, institutions, and actions, while O'Flynn lays bare the inadequacies of individualism as expressed by a series of theorists stretching back to the seventeenth century.