Fuzzy theory was motivated by the need to create human-like solutions that allow representing vagueness and uncertainty that exist in the real-world. These capabilities have been recently further enhanced by deep learning since it allows converting complex relation between data into knowledge. In this paper, we present a novel Deep-Neuro-Fuzzy strategy for unsupervised estimation of the interaction forces in Robotic Assisted Minimally Invasive scenarios. In our approach, the capability of Neuro-Fuzzy systems for handling visual uncertainty, as well as the inherent imprecision of real physical problems, is reinforced by the advantages provided by Deep Learning methods. Experiments conducted in a realistic setting have demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed approach over existing alternatives. More precisely, our method increased the accuracy of the force estimation and compared favorably to existing state of the art approaches, offering a percentage of improvement that ranges from about 35% to 85%.


Irrigation of dark chestnut soils by means of inundation during more than 20 years causes serious changes in such elementary processes as humification and alkalinization. Argillization and lessivage, improper to this soil subtype, appear when soil is under rice. Their development advances with time.


We consider parametrically stimulated viscous damping of bubble oscillations in a liquid. Monopole bubble oscillations in relatively strong acoustic fields can generate parametrically bubble shape oscillations–higher modes. The higher modes attenuate effectively due to liquid viscosity. Thus, if the amplitude of the sound field exceeds the threshold of parametric excitation of higher modes the energy of bubble monopole oscillations can be transferred into the higher modes where it is dissipated. This mechanism is studied in the present paper. A nonlinear set of equations for amplitudes of bubble oscillation modes are derived and investigated. Thresholds of parametric excitation of higher modes are estimated. The effective parameter of energy dissipation is obtained and the parametrically stimulated energy losses for monopole bubble oscillations are evaluated for some particular cases. It is shown that due to the stimulated viscosity the amplitude of the monopole bubble oscillations saturates with the incr...


Disclosed is a resin composition comprising EVOH (A), an unmodified ethylene-α-olefin copolymer (B), an acid-modified ethylene-α-olefin copolymer (C), and an alkali metal salt (D), wherein: the mass ratio [(A)/((B)+(C))] is from 80/20 to 65/35; the mass ratio [(B)/(C)] is from 92/8 to 70/30; the MFR of (A) is from 8.0 g/10 minutes to 15 g/10 minutes inclusive; the content of (D) in terms of metal is from 25 ppm to 300 ppm inclusive; and the MFR of the resin composition is from 2.0 g/10 minutes to 4.0 g/10 minutes inclusive. By using this resin composition, it is possible to obtain a multi-layer structure and a bag-in-box inner container having excellent oxygen barrier characteristics, high flexibility, and resistance to bending.


Chiral Mn(salen) complex 3 bearing a 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl group at C3, C3′, C5, and C5′ was found to induce higher asymmetry in the epoxidation of conjugated Z-olefins, especially less nucleophil...


Dental fluorosis is caused by chronic high-level fluoride (F) exposure during enamel development, and fluorosed enamel has a higher than normal protein content. Matrix metalloproteinase 20 cleaves enamel matrix proteins during the secretory stage, and KLK4 further cleaves these proteins during the maturation stage so that the proteins can be reabsorbed from the hardening enamel. We show that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) can induce Klk4 expression, and we examine the effect of F on TGF-β1 and KLK4 expression. We found that in vivo F inhibits Klk4 but not Mmp20 transcript levels. LacZ-C57BL/6Klk4 mice have LacZ inserted in frame at the Klk4 translation initiation site so that the endogenous Klk4 promoter drives LacZ expression in the same temporal/spatial way as it does for Klk4. KLK4 protein levels in rat enamel and β-galactosidase staining in LacZ-C57BL/6-Klk4 mouse enamel were both significantly reduced by F treatment. Since TGF-β1 induces KLK4 expression, we tested and found that F significantly reduced Tgf-β1 transcript levels in rat enamel organ. These data suggest that F-mediated downregulation of TGF-β1 expression contributes to reduced KLK4 protein levels in fluorosed enamel and provides an explanation for why fluorosed enamel has a higher than normal protein content. KEY WOrDs: amelogenin, matrix metalloproteinases, proteases/proteinases, signal transduction, cell stress, gene expression. DOI: 10.1177/0022034514545629 Received May 21, 2014; Last revision July 8, 2014; Accepted


The increasing use of ontologies in recent years has led to much of the information represented in them appear in differently expressed ways. When integration processes of ontologies are required within the same domain, problems arise in the correspondence between the terms that appear in ontologies involved in the process. To solve this problem, this article presents a method, which provides the user with a value of similarity between the terms of two ontologies to assist in the integration process. The method is based on the use of the lexical database defined by WordNet and the application of semantic similarity algorithms. It also introduces a software tool that carries out the implementation of this method.


The purpose of this study has two folds. For the local government it gives a guide to establish the housing information system, which provides various housing information in order to promote service to the public on Internet. It also gives a guide for the local government to collect the fundamental data from local housing market and provide them to the policy makers as well as the housing producers (landlords, builders and owner-occupiers). Contents of housing information system website for the local government consist of three main parts. The first part provides housing policy and local housing market information to the upper level local government as well as housing producers. The second part provides housing information for the people who are looking for houses to move the own. Final part provides the procedures of building construction and development plan for landlords to the public. In case of Pyongtaek-City, this study makes them by cluster analysis of houses and households moving pattern as the Internet contents. Housing markets of Pyongtaek-City divide 3 sectors by housing type, tenure type and housing supply ratio etc. And populations prefer to move intra sectors. According to this information, policy-makers should define local housing problems and find solutions and housing producers can supply the house just in sites and in time. In conclusion, local government should provide valuable housing information based on local housing market research to the public for the effective housing policy. As local housing market is formed by various factors it is needed for local government to research housing sub-markets due to apply these research results to the local government for the future.


T he ability of genetically identical cells to take on diverse and specialized roles, which are maintained over long time scales, underlies critical biological processes, including multicellular development. More than 60 years ago, Waddington invoked the concept of multistability, a property of dynamical systems, to rationalize how a cell progresses from an undifferentiated state to various distinct cell fates during development (1). It has since been revealed that even within a single tissue, there is extraordinary diversity of cell states; yet how they are generated and maintained remains unclear. On page 284 of this issue, Zhu et al. (2) describe MultiFate, a genetic circuit design that unlocks controllable and scalable multistability in mammalian cells. They generate seven stable cell states and transition cells between states or completely destabilize a once-stable state with exquisite control. This will enable the engineering of a range of multicellular behaviors in mammalian cells. Bistability, the simplest form of multistability, has been studied extensively in natural contexts and synthetic systems. Bistability has been shown to underlie a host of biological processes, including cell fate decisions in frog oocyte maturation (3). The study of natural bistable systems has revealed important features such as the requirement for positive feedback. However, unraveling the main ingredients of multistable systems is challenging because of the complexity of regulatory networks and deep interconnectedness with auxiliary pathways. This difficulty can be overcome by using a synthetic biology approach, in which a minimal set of non-native genetic components are introduced into cells to recapitulate complex biological functions (4). In a pioneering study, a synthetic bistable "toggle switch" was constructed in bacteria that allowed cells to flip between two stable states (5). This study and others established a blueprint for how to investigate biological functions, such as bistability, from the bottom up and inspired potential applications of these synthetic circuits (6). Recently, the synthetic circuit toolbox has grown to include tristable and quadrastable systems, promising increased functionality of engineered cells (7, 8). However, a clear procedure to expand multistability—and perhaps even exceeding the phenotypic capacity of natural systems—has remained elusive. The design framework for MultiFate is inspired by natural transcription networks that regulate stem cell differentiation and development. These networks commonly feature positive feedback loops that involve master regulatory transcription factors (TFs) and promiscuous binding among the TFs, which have been implicated in generating multistability (9). Promiscuously dimerizing TFs are peculiar because they can have opposing cellular functions; for example, the pluripotency TF octamer-binding protein 4 (OCT4) can drive either pluripotency or endodermal differentiation depending on its dimerizing partner (10). MultiFate exploits this peculiarity, using autoactivating synthetic TFs with promiscuous interactivity to ultimately generate multistability (see the figure). Zhu et al. first built MultiFate2, a circuit composed of two TFs. When activated by inducing dimerization, cells dispersed into one of three stable states, akin to inducing differentiation in a pluripotent cell. This tristable landscape is predicted by a mathematical model to transform into a bistable one with changes in TF stability (i.e., degradation rate). In reshaping the landscape, reduced TF stability generates irreversible transitions. Subsequent restoration of TF stability does not cause cells to spontaneously return to the previously destabilized state. This progression evokes comparisons to cellular differentiation and suggests how to maintain engineered multipotency in cells. A major roadblock to implementing multistability thus far has been the increasing degree of design complexity required as more states are added. In MultiFate, increasing the number of states is straightforward: Expansion of MultiFate2 (tristability) to MultiFate3 (septastability) is achieved by adding another TF with the same design principles. With MultiFate3, Zhu et al. demonstrated several discrete changes in the potential landscape, reshaping septastability to hexastability to tristability with progressively diminishing levels of TF stability. Higher levels of synthetic multistability open the door to exploring these stepwise irreversible transitions. Through theoretical analysis of their system, Zhu et al. find that the number of stable steady states available increases rapidly with the number of TFs used, potentially attaining 256 distinct stable states with only nine TFs. With MultiFate, expandability is not hampered by complexity of circuit design but is instead restrained by the physical limSYNTHETIC BIOLOGY


To study the large scale structure of the Universe, we started several years ago the compilation of a new type of catalogue — a metacatalogue of optical extragalactic objects, on magnetic tape. This catalogue may be regarded to some extent as a data bank but it will also include characteristics, reduced to homogeneous systems. The Metacatalogue will contain information for galaxies, clusters of galaxies, counts of galaxies and bibliographical data. Until now some files for individual catalogues and lists have been created, which may be used also before their merging into the Metacatalogue.


Amputations constitute a significant health burden and a source of multidirectional challenges to individuals, families, and health systems [1,2]. In recent times, diabetic complications have emerged as the leading cause of surgical amputations in many jurisdictions [3,4]. Post amputation, individuals may suffer a wide range of physical and psychological challenges. Adult amputees who live single lives may suffer more psychological distress than young children and married couples. Supportive partners are particularly useful in performing roles and supporting their amputee partners [2]. Our current study aimed to review the challenges of amputees following amputation surgeries, emphasizing the psychosocial challenges. From January 2014 through to December 2016, we retrieved the case files of 112 patients who underwent amputation surgeries at the department of surgery, Tamale Teaching Hospital in Northern Ghana. All the patients had at least one amputation surgery and followed up for a minimum of two years post-surgery or death. Patients were excluded if they were below 18 years of age or had previously undergone any form of amputation. Ninetyone patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, four patients were unwilling to participate, 25 could not be reached on the phone, and 18 had no valid phone numbers, leaving 44 in the study, Table 1.


Background: The family plays an important role in the hospitalization of children. Patient and family centered care (PFCC) or family care centered is an approach to planning, implementing, and evaluating health care that is based on mutual benefits. This study aims to knowing the experience of families in implementing family center care for sick children in the bantul area, special region of Yogyakarta.
Methods: The research was implemented using the mixed method. The quantitative design was carried out using a pre-experimental design model with a pre-post-test and a qualitative method. The study sample consisted of 41 patients taken from a medical and rehabilitation clinic in the Yogyakarta area. A sample of 10 patients to examine the experiences of patients who experience pain.
Results: The results of data analysis using the paired sample t test with the average FCC pretest score is 78.313, and the average FCC post test score is 79.980. The test results showed a p value of 0.00. Patient experience in family center care which includes giving affection, information about how to care for patients and providing nutrition to patients. Health workers can carry out periodic monitoring related to family center care activities so that families can meet the needs of children, especially when children are sick.
Conclusions: Family center care program had effect on patient recovery.


It has been observed that for a lead wire, loaded well beyond the elastic limit, the extension after some time becomes proportional to the time, or the flow becomes viscous in character. The rate of this viscous flow varies with the load, and the following work was undertaken to investigate the law of this variation, and the phenomenon in general. Methods of Experiment. The Hyperbolic Weight . The experiments were all done on wires of the metal, and the preliminary observations were all made on lead. To suspend the wires, they were soldered into stout brass hooks. In the first rough experiments the extension registered itself on a clockwork-driven drum; these experiments showed that the rate of extension for a given load became constant for a time, but finally increased, and continued increasing. This is due to two causes: (1) As the wire stretches, the length of wire being experimented on at any moment increases. (2) As the wire stretches, the cross-section diminishes, and thus the load per unit area or stress increases. This is by far the more disturbing cause, since, as shown later, the rate increases much more rapidly with the stress than would be given by a linear law. To obviate this difficulty an automatic method of keeping the stress constant was devised.


A hybrid electrical package is compared to monolithic designs to isolate the effects of wirebond parasitics and modularity. The monolithic designs produce 3.2 dB of insertion loss at 50 GHz, which indicates minimal loss due to wirebonds. The hybrid design insertion loss is within 0.5 dB of the reference case up to 40 GHz. The response is oscillatory above this frequency due to complex substrate transitions. Quasi-static modeling techniques are also used to model the wirebond effects with standard CAD tools.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has been linked to the gain of aberrant function of superoxide dismutase, Cu, Zn-SOD1upon proteinmisfolding. Themechanism of SOD1misfolding is thought to involvemutations leading to the loss of Zn, followedbyprotein unfolding and aggregation.Weshow that the removal of Zn fromSOD1maynot lead to an immediate unfolding but immediately deactivates the enzyme through a combination of subtle structural and electronic effects. Using quantum mechanics/discrete molecular dynamics, we showed that both Zn-less wild-type (WT)-SOD1 and its D124N mutant that does not bind Zn have at least metastable folded states. In those states, the reduction potential of Cu increases, leading to the presence of detectable amounts of Cu(I) instead of Cu(II) in the active site, as confirmed experimentally. The Cu(I) protein cannot participate in the catalytic Cu(I)–Cu(II) cycle. However, even without the full reduction to Cu(I), the Cu site in the Zn-less variants of SOD1 is shown to be catalytically incompetent: unable to bind superoxide in a way comparable to the WT-SOD1. The changes are more radical and different in the D124N Zn-less mutant than in the Zn-less WT-SOD1, suggesting D124N being perhaps not the most adequate model for Zn-less SOD1. Overall, Zn in SOD1 appears to be influencing the Cu site directly by adjusting its reduction potential and geometry. Thus, the role of Zn in SOD1 is not just structural, as was previously thought; it is a vital part of the catalytic machinery. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The effects of aging were traditionally thought to be immutable, particularly evident in the loss of plasticity and cognitive abilities occurring in the aged central nervous system (CNS). However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that extrinsic systemic manipulations such as exercise, caloric restriction, and changing blood composition by heterochronic parabiosis or young plasma administration can partially counteract this age‐related loss of plasticity in the aged brain. In this review, we discuss the process of aging and rejuvenation as systemic events. We summarize genetic studies that demonstrate a surprising level of malleability in organismal lifespan, and highlight the potential for systemic manipulations to functionally reverse the effects of aging in the CNS. Based on mounting evidence, we propose that rejuvenating effects of systemic manipulations are mediated, in part, by blood‐borne 'pro‐youthful' factors. Thus, systemic manipulations promoting a younger blood composition provide effective strategies to rejuvenate the aged brain. As a consequence, we can now consider reactivating latent plasticity dormant in the aged CNS as a means to rejuvenate regenerative, synaptic, and cognitive functions late in life, with potential implications even for extending lifespan.


This issue comes at a time of considerable uncertainty, at a time of 'fluid-modernity' (Bauman, 2005) and at a time of greater awareness of the outdoors as a socio-cultural phenomenon. Outdoor education research continues in its development, as authors engage in greater depths with diverse theoretical ideas and different methodologies providing for an unfolding of the complexities of outdoor learning. In this edition, several papers critically explore prevailing meanings and concepts associated with the outdoors.


This study mainly focuses on identifying and highlighting important factors which affect seller's reputation on Taiwan online auction site. Using previous literatures, three individual factors and four transactional related factors are included to be checked whether these have significant impacts on seller's reputation or not. Results indicate that three individual factors, quality of seller's communication, quality of seller's product delivery, and quality of seller's product, all significantly affect seller's total net reputation. In four transactional related factors, the influences of physical store, payment method, and reputation on Taiwan Yahoo on seller's total net reputation and seller's net reputation are significant. Finally, this study provides an insight into how these factors affect the online seller's reputation, implicates these factors by tested results and suggests some possible methods to sellers to facilitate succeeding in much more online auctions.


Abstract. The development of the agro-industrial complex of the region in the conditions of the digital economy is impossible without a comprehensive assessment of the agro-industrial potential, on the basis of which reasonable management decisions will be made. The purpose is to identify the specifics of the agro-industrial potential of the region, and develop a system of indicators for its assessment in the context of the digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex. The solution of this issue is based on the use of modern tools of economic and mathematical modeling. The work also uses such research methods as generalization and synthesis, system analysis, modeling and optimization. Scientific novelty. A generalized method for assessing the agro-industrial potential in the direction of its digital transformation and an algorithm for determining the criterion for the economic growth of an agro-industrial complex subject when managing the development of its digital potential are proposed. Results. The main aspects of the analysis of the digital potential of the subject of the agro-industrial complex are identified, among which the key role of the resource potential, which differs in directions and purposes of use, is highlighted, which must be taken into account when developing management decisions. A model of the resource platform of the agro-industrial complex of the region, based on modern information and communication technologies, is proposed, the implementation of which will ensure effective management of the resource potential. A step-by-step scheme for analyzing the digital potential of an agro-industrial complex subject is presented, which makes it possible to identify its capabilities and performance indicators that reflect the level of development of the agro-industrial complex of the region. The necessity of increasing the information support of the management activity of a business entity in three areas is substantiated: improvement of resource management processes, optimization of their quality and volume, business process management. To determine the criterion for economic growth of individual subjects of the agro-industrial complex of the region, an algorithm is proposed that makes it possible to identify the sources and rates of such growth. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of a system of indicators that allow assessing the agro-industrial potential of the region in the direction of its digital transformation, on the basis of which the efforts of the state and investors will be directed to the implementation of measures to support and regulate the processes of digitalization of the industry.


................................................................................................................................... vi Foreword .................................................................................................................................... i Table of contents ....................................................................................................................... ii List of figures, illustrations and charts .................................................................................. iii List of appendices .................................................................................................................... iii Glossary of abbreviations and acronyms ............................................................................... ii 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 The need for an Aircraft Coordinator ............................................................................ 2 1.2 Purpose of this paper ..................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Problem in focus ............................................................................................................ 6 1.4 Exclusions and organization of the paper .................................................................... 12 2 Theoretical framework for examining the ACO-role ................................................... 13 2.1 Principles of high reliability organizations (HROs) .................................................... 14 2.2 Situation awareness (SA) ............................................................................................ 16 2.3 Decision-making and the need for information in a crisis .......................................... 21 2.4 Improvisation .............................................................................................................. 22 3 Methodology and method ................................................................................................ 25 3.1 Research design ........................................................................................................... 25 3.2 Data collection methods .............................................................................................. 27 3.3 The analyzation method .............................................................................................. 31 3.4 The quality of the data ................................................................................................. 33 4 Empiri in relation to variables and theory ..................................................................... 38 4.1 Organization of the Norwegian SAR service .............................................................. 38 4.2 Context the Aircraft Coordinator in official UN documents .................................... 41 4.3 International cooperation and agreements in the High North ..................................... 43 4.4 ACO role and new ACO procedures – what is it all about? ........................................ 44 4.5 ACO candidates in the High North ............................................................................. 46 4.6 Challenges of the Arctic/High North ........................................................................... 49 4.7 Large scale SAR operations and aircraft coordination ................................................ 52 4.8 ACO experiences in the Norwegian SAR service in recent years .............................. 54 4.9 Presentation of data – audiofiles Exercise NORD 16 ................................................. 58 4.10 Survey conducted at an international ACO course ................................................... 59 5 Analyzes of findings in relation to research questions .................................................. 61 5.1 High North effect on procedures and improvisation ................................................... 61 5.2 Education, training and exercise ................................................................................. 68 5.3 Increased operative performance from the ACO-role ................................................. 73 6 Conclusive remarks .......................................................................................................... 76 7 Limitations and recommendations for further studies ................................................. 78 Litterature ............................................................................................................................... 79 Appendices .............................................................................................................................. 83


The objectivity of the law and the objectivity of material is different;the law is not very perceptual and the law is show through relatively a bit more static continuity in the evolution of the things.The law is decided by basic factor interaction of the things;it is produced and developed at the same time with the things,it is not a fixed trend beforehand.The subject can't create,change and eliminate the law but can utilize it according to the needs of practice,accelerate and delay the development of the things.


Objective Observe the clinical anesthesica effect of taking child trachea body away by compound using of Midzolam and Ketamine in operation . Methoes Using of Midzolarn 0.2mg·kg in muscle,compound Ketamine 1-2 mg· kg-1 in vein , they are 42 cases. There are other 40 cases as comparison in the rate of satisfaction and complication comparative analysis ,and Ketamine 5mg·kg-1 in muscle or surface anesthesia at the same time and ahead time. Resulte The rate of observed cases satisfaction 90. 47 percent, the incidence of complications 16.67 percent. but comparision cases are52. 5 percent and 47. 65percent repectively. Conclusion Compound using of Midzolam and Ketamine take child trachea foreign body away safe, stable and law influence on breathe and circulatory function, harmful stimulations less ,the incidence of com plications low, the time of clear head quiet.


Gold processing is a capital intensive industry which often keeps a rather high inventory of gold as raw materials. The paper propses a new financing tool for the gold processing enterprises,i.e.,inventory mortgage for gold leasing from bank, which combines the concepts of chattel pledge and gold leasing.It then proceeds to investigate the advantages and possible risks of the mode and concludes that it is an effective way for the gold processing enterprises in China to obtain financial support.


The study aimed to investigate some of the physical and chemical factors of the waters of Al-Diwaniya River, because of the ability of the environmental factors to give a picture of the extent of the biological diversity of the region, and it also shows the state of the climate as well, because of the link between the environmental factors among them. Al-Diwaniya River is the primary source of water in the province. Its importance is more prominent because of the economic situation of the province, which depends on agriculture and therefore irrigation from the river. The current study showed that the pH values were within the permissible range for human use as they tended to alkalinity, while increase turbidity rates were recorded, and TDS and Total hardness to concentrate some factors. This refers to the need to know the causes for putting the solution in order to solve the problems causing higher concentrations because the gradual increase of these values negatively affects the aquatic organisms. Thus, it harms the vital system in the river. The results showed that there were significant differences between the values of turbidity and total hardness at the probability level (p≤0.05), while no significant differences appeared between the values of the other treatments. Key word: Al-Diwaniya River, Environment, Biology.


0. The object of the present paper is to examine the treatment of IE *e in some Old Germanic dialects from a phonological point of view. It is indeed striking to see that traditional historical and comparative linguistics is especially interested in the phonetic aspect of the sounds. In this trend we can say that much has been written about the treatment of IE *e in Germanic. But, as far as we know, the problem has not been treated phonologically. Hence we will try, in the present paper, to see what was the functional role of the phoneme in question in some Old Germanic phonological systems. In doing this we will pay special attention to the distinctive features of the oppositions in which *e appears. In this respect we will examine successively Gothic, Old English and Old High German.


Approximately 50%-80%of cancer patients have been reported to result in a devasting syndrome such as cancer cachexia (CC) and at least 20% patients reach the death [1]. Sarcopenia accompanying with muscle loss shows the most clinically relevant phenotypic feature of CC, such as asthenia, fatigue, impaired physiologic function, reduced tolerance to treatments, resulting in impaired quality of life and shorter survival. Such wasting syndromes as sarcopenia are shown in 20%-70% cases depending on the tumor type. Accordingly, reversion of CC and sarcopenia is of most importance and interest. In addition, high serum IL-6 has been reported to result in cancer metastases, invasion and resulting in CC [2,3]. Early detection of such sarcopenia syndromes is clinically most important. If sarcopenia can be precedently predicted, better treatment strategies will be possible. It is well-known that sarcopenia is accompanied by increased levels of inflammation factors TNF-alpha and IL-6 [4]. It has been reported that activation of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway also plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia, one of the most distressing complications associated with the development of ovarian cancer [5]. Indeed, cachexia usually accompanies the development of ascites and chemoresistance in the most advanced stages of the disease [6]. The majority of advanced gynecologic cancer (GC) patients develop cachexia, which is a major contributor of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Cachexia is primarily responsible for body and muscle weight loss and correlates with tumor burden, increased proinflammatory cytokine levels, fatigue, and reduced response to chemotherapy and radio-therapy [7]. Patients presenting with advanced stage GC often show large tumor and ascites burden that, in turn, results into severe malnourishment because of decreased oral intake and compromised bowel functions. Despite its significant negative impact on quality of life, no effective treatment is currently available for GC-related cachexia. Indeed, muscle loss and low skeletal muscle attenuation are often detected in women undergoing primary debulking surgery for the treatment of GCs. Along the same line, recent evidence suggests that baseline sarcopenia represents one of the most accurate prognostic factors for survival in advanced GC and during chemotherapy treatment [8]. Clinically, we find out that elevation of serum IL-6 in patients with gynecologic cancers is varied by effect of the adjuvant chemotherapy.


The choice of core and plant materials for those plants designed by the Westinghouse Atomic Power Division is described. The application, in terms of components, the specifications used for the materials, particularly where these specifications differed from accepted specifications, and certain problems associated with their use are given. (auth)


Vol. No. Pg. 253 Abstract This qualitative study aims to contribute by exploring the existing theory on push and pull motivations within the entrepreneurial event model to see what is missing from the existing researche. This study uses semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with a total of six Malaysian seniorpreneurs for data collection. Content analysis method was used to extract their motivation from the qualitative data. The results reveal that in terms of theoretical, spiritual motivation is one of the motivations in driving seniorpreneurs to do business apart from push and pull motivations. The findings from this study may expand a research area of practical applications of spiritual motivation in the business environment which still empirically is not sufficiently covered.


R ecent progress shows that neurons suitable for transplan-tation can be generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) in culture, and that the adult brain produces new neurons from its own stem cells in response to injury. In this article, we discuss how the subventricular zone of the forebrain is the most active neurogenetic area and the richest source of NSCs. This review also focuses on the nature and functional properties of NSCs of the adult mammalian brain, and we propose our views on the strategy from bench to the clinic with particular concerns and considerations.


Sea-urchin aquaculture (echiniculture) in Nor way is being de veloped along two sep arate paths with some overlap. Bodø Uni versity Col lege (HBO) is pur suing a strategy of full do mestication, with the explicit goal of bringing the entire pro duction cy cle of the sea urchin un der a con trolled in dus trial re gime, whereas the Nor we gian In sti tute of Fisheries and Aquaculture Re search (NIFA) is de vel op ing tech niques for go nad en hancement of wild ur chins us ing for mulated feed. Both in sti tu tions fo cus their R&D ef forts on the green sea ur chin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. The closely re lated species S. pallidus is also being in vestigated at HBO, as it appears to be largely re sis tant to in fec tion by the par a sitic nem a tode Echinomermella matsi. Nematode in fection is easy to pre vent in land-based echiniculture fa cil i ties us ing hatch ery-reared ju ve niles, but all sea-based ur chin aquaculture in north ern Norway is susceptible to in fec tion by E. matsi. S. pallidus is, therefore, tar geted as an integral part of an on going ef fort to develop a dis ease-resistant sea-urchin variety suit able for both land-based and sea-based echiniculture.


The present invention discloses a composite molecular sieve catalyst and a preparation method for preparing oxygen-containing organic compounds for light olefins, a composite of the molecular sieve composite of SAPO-34 and SAPO-18 molecular sieve obtained by chemical preparation of the composite molecular sieve the raw materials used satisfy the following ratios: SiO2: Al2O3: P2O5 molar ratio of (0.1-2.0): 1: (0.2-3.0); SAPO-18 molecular sieve, and the weight ratio of Al2O3 (1-40): 100. The present invention is a molecular sieve catalyst composite produced exhibited good catalytic activity, a high propylene selectivity and long life.


Objective Probe the asthenopia of compulter users and eye-glasses. Methods Investigate conditions of asthenopia at the video display terminals(VDT) user and check up on the 37 pairs of eye-glasses of VDT user. Results 65 cases had asthenopia(65/109,59.63%),All the 37 pairs of eye-glasses are for distance,these eye-glasses were unsuited for VDT user. Conclusion The incidence of asthenopia was high.Use bifocal or varifocal lenses may relieve the asthenopia.


Sustainable development objectives place a high priority on entrepreneurship and renewable energy. Supporting entrepreneurial activities in the renewable energy industry can provide economic growth and employment to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030. Solar water heating systems can provide clear benefits for both the environment and economic growth. There is a gap in the literature regarding the study of the factors hindering or driving the development of the solar water heating system industry. This study aims to investigate the solar water heating system industry's challenges and attempts to define the drivers to further develop the industry. Thus, solar water heating entrepreneurship parameters can be identified. Additionally, energy savings and carbon dioxide emissions were calculated for the region to raise awareness among consumers. This study used the qualitative analysis method through semi-structured interviews with 40 business owners in Adana/Turkey. The findings showed that the industry has administrative, production, political, and economic issues; there is a need for economic support and expanding education and control mechanisms. Also, the payback period is 1.63~3.27 years for a solar water heating system and this system prevents 800.75 kg of CO2 emission. The study has implications for policy-making, practice, scientific research, and the SDGs Agenda 2030.


In order to evaluate the accuracy of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for flow over a ship geometry, a comparison with an existing wind tunnel test of a simplified LHA hull with wind straight down the bow is made. One of the U.S. Navy's main interests in ship airwakes is the effect they have on aircraft operating nearby. In the interest of providing a more uniform flowfield in the vicinity of the ship, the wind tunnel test also investigates the effect of adding a downward -deflected flap to the bow, meant to mimic the rounded deck edge at the bow of later LHD -class ships, in contr ast to the sharp 90 -degree corner found on LHA - and earlier LHD -class ships. The CFD portion of this test also evaluates the effectiveness of the bow flap to show if CFD can match the trends of such geometry modifications. Furthermore, the CFD test investi gates the sensitivity of the solution to the grid resolution at the bow, where a large separation bubble affects a large portion of the flight deck, and will also determine if filtering the CFD data to mimic the performance of the wind tunnel equipment alt ers the results. This study seeks to validate CFD against wind tunnel data for this geometry and reinforce the wind tunnel assessment of the bow flap's effectiveness. I. Introduction All branches of the U.S. military share an interest in the operation of air craft in the vicinity of ships. The airwake shed as wind flows over a ship can greatly influence the safety and ease of such operation. Features such as antennae, masts, radomes, deck equipment, and superstructures generate a complex flowfield that varies substantially with wind speed and direction. Due to the expense of repeating flight tests over different combinations of wind speed and direction, and with different aircraft types, CFD becomes an important tool in reducing such a test matrix by screening test conditions to those most crucial, and by evaluating ship geometries to predict problems and establish best design practices early in a ship's planning stage. To date, wind tunnels have borne much of the load for ship airwake testing, but they suffer f rom several drawbacks. Obviously, wind tunnels must use very small scale factors for ships, but they cannot achieve the airspeed required to match full -scale Reynolds numbers (Re). The small scale also decreases the period and size of pertinent flow featur es, making them difficult to detect. In addition, wind tunnel tests often require lengthy surveys or prior knowledge of the flowfield to find and adequately resolve off -body flow phenomena. In contrast, CFD can run any arbitrary physical scale, output resu lts at a user -determined frequency, and provide results over the entire solution space as a matter of course. However, wind tunnels certainly still provide an invaluable service in validating CFD and in testing conditions for which CFD is currently not sui table.


Perovskite ferroelectricceramics of ( 1 − x ) BaTiO 3 – x ( K 1 / 4 Bi 3 / 4 ) ( Mg 1 / 4 Ti 3 / 4 ) O 3 [ ( 1 − x ) BT – x KBMT , x = 0.06 , 0.1, and 0.14] were synthesized via solid-state reaction method. Dielectric constant maximum e m of BT-KBMT ceramics declines with KBMT content. e ( T ) peak temperature T m (402 K) is close to T c (403 K) of the parent BT for composition 0.94BT-0.06KBMT, and decreases to 382 K for 0.9BT-0.1KBMT. Dielectric behaviors of the two compositions exhibit features of ferroelectrics with diffuse phase transition. A high-field linear polarization behavior was observed in the two compositions around temperature range of the e ( T ) peak summit. e ( T ) peak of 0.86BT-0.14KBMT is saddle-backed. The high turning temperature T m 1 fixes around 384 K, and is the Burns temperature T B of the composition. The low turning point T m 2 is 326 K at 100 Hz and highly frequency dependent. The dielectric anomaly of 0.86BT-0.14KBMT around T m 2 is associated with diffuse transitions from ferroelectric macrodomains to microdomains, polar nanoregions and paraelectric states.


Let us observe at once that successful surgery depends on successful team work : operating surgeon, anaesthetist, nursing and auxiliary staff, backed by the hospital engineer, pathologist, pharmacist and even physicist, must all work together, taking those special pains which arise from proper understanding of a common task, if a surgical unit is to do consistently good work. The problems of surgery are therefore among those which require the methods of operational research, with the participation of workers from the various different disciplines concerned, for their effective treatment. Thus in isolating problems of special physical interest we give a very partial view of this important ranch of technology.


Empirical research in marketing should focus on the development of empirical generalizations. Marketers do a huge amount of empirical research, but have little in the way of empirical generalizations. This is primarily because most empirical research consists of 'original' or 'novel' works looking for significant differences, rather than significant sameness, in unrelated data sets, thus exemplifying the 'cult of the isolated study'. As a result, the marketing literature is made up largely of uncorroborated, fragmented, 'one-off' results. Such results are of little use to marketing practitioners or academicians. We discuss a number of impediments to the development of empirical generalizations – preoccupation with the hypotheticodeductive conception of science, preoccupation with 'statistical' rather than 'empirical' generalization, the 'publish or perish' syndrome in academia, and denigration of replication-with-extension research. We conclude that replication-with-extension research must be championed as the vehicle for discovering empirical generalizations.


Abstract. Bivariate wavelet coherency is widely used to untangle the scale-specific and localized bivariate relationships in geosciences. However, it is well-known that bivariate relationships can be misleading when both variables are correlated to other variables. Partial wavelet coherency (PWC) has been proposed, but is limited to one excluding variable and presents no phase information. The objective of this study was to develop a new PWC method that can deal with multiple excluding variables and presents phase information for the PWC. Tests with both stationary and non-stationary artificial datasets verified the known scale- and localized bivariate relationships after eliminating the effects of other variables. Compared with the previous PWC method, the new method has the advantages of capturing phase information, dealing with multiple excluding variables, and producing more accurate results. The new method was also applied to two field measured datasets. Results showed that the coherency between response and predictor variables was usually less affected by excluding variables when predictor variables had higher correlation with the response variable. Application of the new method also confirmed the best predictor variables for explaining temporal variations in free water evaporation at Changwu site in China and spatial variations in soil water content in a hummocky landscape in Saskatchewan Canada. We suggest the PWC method to be used in combination with previous wavelet methods to untangle the scale-specific and localized multivariate relationships in geosciences. Matlab codes for the PWC were developed and are provided in the supplement.


An experimental research on comparison of mechanical properties between recycled aggregate concrete(RAC) and control concrete at identical mix proportions is presented.Concretes at three water/binder ratios(0.60,0.40,and 0.26) were processed to form recycled aggregate(RA),which were further used to prepare RAC.Compressive strength,tensile splitting strength,and fracture energy were determined respectively.The results indicate that fracture energy of RAC was lower than that of control concrete at the same mix proportions.The lower the water/binder ratio,the greater the difference in fracture energy between RAC and control concrete.Therefore,RAC at a low water/binder ratio had a relatively low crack growth resistance,although its strength was relatively high.At a high water/binder ratio,compressive strength of RAC was slightly lower than that of control concrete,while at a low water/binder ratio,compressive strength of RAC was higher than that of control concrete,which is attributed to water absorption of RA,and decreased water/binder ratio.Nevertheless,tensile splitting strength of RAC was always lower than that of control concrete at the identical mix proportions.


In modern science and human activity, we increasingly refer to creative thinking that does not belong to the strict definition of art. Art studies and art theory should answer the questions that emerge in the complex interaction among diverse creative fields. Art experience may be considered as one of many different manifestations of creative thinking (general creativity). When we develop ideas involving heterogeneous nuclei, our thoughts aim to encompass or reflect upon the area in between their fusion. This paper proposes a method of implementing an introspective analysis that brings the artist to a new position—the position of an explorer of their own cognitive space.


Non-American readers perceive canonical American texts differently than do Americans. This is especially true in the Chinese and Indian perceptions of African American texts from the 1960s. Some big-name critics I have been reading over the past few years assert that "theory" as an area of English studies is dead - pointless in its own solipsism - or "ended," as Jonathan Culler and others have written. Houston Baker, in his latest book "Betrayal," seems to express that, while theory is not dead, it is pointless unless it embraces key current social issues. Baker, as an original member of the New Black Aesthetic Critics, should be expected to posit a humanistic center to his theories; to his credit, he has not changed that opinion in fifty years. Indeed, the positing of the human and human concerns at the core of original and New Black Aesthetic Criticism is one of the key reasons this school of criticism was shunned by Yale and its Structuralism at the same time (early 1970s). English studies were not only controlled and garrisoned by Anglophiles and Francophiles, they were desperate from 1965 (J. L. Austin's Speech Act theory) to 1979 (the high water years of Structuralism (especially Giroud) and Deconstruction (especially Foucault)) to turn itself into an algorithm so that it could compete with its affiliates in the hard and applied sciences for funding. To say that academic theory failed miserably in its attempt to become relevant and funded by a government that could not spell "deconstruction," much less understand the theories, is telling only the more obvious part of our last fifty years of theory in the Academy.


For an car brand, the design of car logo is very important. A good logo is very important for both companies and consumers. Logo not only represents the brand culture, but also improves the trading volume of the car brand.Based on China's car trade, this article focuses on the trend of logo design style in China's car trade in 2000-2019.Using heavy information analysis and clustering algorithm analysis methods, two research schemes are proposed.One is to study the change of logo style of CHANG'AN Car in the past 10 years, the other is to study the difference of logo style of CHANG'AN, Harvard and JAC car in 2015.The research results show that in 2000-2019, the logo design style of China's car trade has changed from complicated to simplified, which used to be animal patterns, but now the popular one is simple letters. The previous logo is very heavy, while the current logo size is moderate.


Dear Editor, We are grateful to Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research for publishing the study entitled "Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block after cesarean delivery: A systematic review and meta-analysis." In this well-designed study, the authors concluded that "ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block can provide significantly effective analgesia for patients who underwent cesarean section in the absence of long-acting intrathecal opioids." While we read the article with pleasure, it must be noted that this study raises some thought-provoking issues. First, detailed study registration information should be highlighted and explained in the article. Registering an systematic review protocol is important as it enables the promotion of transparency and avoidance of potential biases including both selection and selective outcome reporting biases. Second, the authors stated that studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Sciencedirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library. It would have made the results more convincing if the authors had included other databases such as PsycINFO, Google Scholar, NLM Gateway, and BIOSIS previews to obtain more literature. In addition, the search strategy of this study is not well established; the authors did not use MeSH terms in PubMed search. When we use MeSH terms, PubMed searches pertinent articles. Finally, according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.0, a high interstudy heterogeneity makes definitive conclusions hard to draw, thus high heterogeneity for the inhospital mortality outcome is our biggest concern. We may replace traditional random-effects models with a new model called Inverse Variance Heterogeneity, which addresses the known problems of underestimation of statistical errors and false overconfidence in random-effects models. We would also like to suggest conducting sensitivity analyses and meta-regression to examine the robustness or certainty of the overall findings, which plays an important part of methodology in a meta-analysis. Overall, Wang et al. analyzed a valuable issue, but the outcomes of this meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution due to the limitations mentioned above.


[reaction: see text] Experimental evidence is reported for the reversible formation of the singlet diazenyl diradical ((1)DZ), photolytically generated from the structurally elaborate DBH-type azoalkane. Reversiblity of the (1)DZ formation manifests itself through the decrease of the photodenitrogenation quantum yield over a ca. 40-fold viscosity variation (from 0.5 to 19.3 cP). This viscosity behavior is interpreted in terms of frictional effects on the competitive reaction modes of the diazenyl diradical.


It was found that when tantalum was added to PZT (PbZr/sub x/Ti/sub 1-x/O/sub 3/), the grain size of the sputter-deposited PZT films could be significantly enlarged so that abnormally large single grains could be obtained through so called SRCC (Selective Radiation Controlled Crystallization) process. Electrical measurements of the single grained PZT thin films strongly indicated that the current problems with the polycrystalline PZT thin films such as high leakage current, low breakdown field, fatigue and aging can be solved. The single grained PZT films showed low leakage current (J/sub LC//spl sim/1/spl times/10/sup -8/ A/cm/sup 2/) and excellent polarization properties (Q/sub c//spl sim/35 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/, Pr/spl sim/15 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/).


This article introduces three fragments from a stainedglass cycle of the life of St. Peter, once part of the nave aisle glazing of the cathedral of Rouen. Although the evidence they offer is diminished by their partial preservation, when these panels are associated with a previously recognized panel depicting St. Peter in the Glencairn Museum, a narrative cycle can be documented and firmer conclusions can be drawn concerning stylistic relationships among the "Belles Verrieres" of the Rouen nave aisle. The examination of these fragments from technical and physical-as well as stylistic-standpoints confirms an assessment of the early thirteenth-century stainedglass workshop at the cathedral as a collective enterprise which united the work of several distinguishable artists. nave chapels of the cathedral of Rouen contain some of the most important paintings to have survived from the beginning of the thirteenth century.' The stained-glass panels which comprise these windows were originally produced for the nave aisle openings during a reconstruction campaign at Rouen necessitated by a devastating fire in 1200.2 In the 1270s, liturgical demands called for the construction of additional chapels between the buttresses along both sides of the nave, and the early thirteenth-century stained glass was removed, reworked, and reinstalled in the stylish, narrow lancets of the Rayonnant architectural additions. Although truncated, jumbled, and rearranged with no apparent regard for iconographic coherence, the early thirteenth-century scenes in these two "Belles Verrieres" have provided modern scholars with sufficient evidence to identify at least seven windows (or subject matter groups) from the original glazing program3 and to divide them stylistically among several artists or workshops.4 These north aisle "Belles Verribres" tell only part of the story. During the first half of the nineteenth century, they were complemented by two comparable ensembles, installed across the nave in south aisle chapels. In studies published in 1823 and 1832, Eustache Langlois documented these windows in the fifth and sixth openings from the west,5 and notes made on his own plan of the cathedral not only confirmed their location but also recorded an inscription on one panel.6 By the middle of the nineteenth century, however, the panels recorded by Langlois had already been removed. They were


The aryne-mediated three-component reaction of arynes, tertiary amines, and aldehydes followed by intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution afforded novel 9- and 10-membered heterocycles. Thus, the reaction of 2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl triflate with N-phenylmorpholine and benzaldehyde in the presence of CsF gave o-morpholinobenzhydryl phenyl ether in 76 % yield. By using N-methylindoline, nine-membered dibenzo[1,5]oxazonines were synthesized in moderate yields.


AbstractAtlit- Yam, a settlement 400 m off the Israeli shore, is the largest (60,000 sq m) and most deeply submerged (8–12 m bsl) prehistoric settlement ever uncovered along the Mediterranean coast. The architecture of the dwellings, the lithic tool assemblages, and radiocarbon dating indicate habitation during the late Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) period) ca. 8100–7500 B.P. Floral and faunal remains suggest that the village economy was complex, based on several different food resources acquired through hunting, incipient herding, fishing, and farming. These probably permitted year-round occupation. More importantly however, Atlit-Yam is among the earliest communities to reveal evidence of maritime activity. From this site, new insights into maritime pursuits and the domestication of animals and plants, as well as early evidence for exploitation of water tables, the construction of wells in prehistoric times, and sea level changes will be forthcoming. Further study of Atlit-Yam may also contribute to our u...


It is needed to classify the kinds of construction and demolition(c&d) debris to 6 catagories of waste concrete, waste aspha1t concrete, waste wood, scraps, combustib1e waste and incombustib1e waste in order to properly do a separate discharge and to estimate unit generation rate in construction site. A1so, in this case, the unit treating cost for mixed wastes shou1d be applied with the unit treating cost for combustib1e waste. The construction standard materia1s estimation data is used for basic data for estimating unit generation rate. The mixed wastes in this data shou1d be classified to waste wood, combustible waste and incombustible waste, and their ratio is obtained by using the unit generation rate of Asia Pacific Environment and Management Institute and Seoul Metropolitan Development Institute. The waste amounts generated from newly-built construction can be obtained from multiplying the 10ss rate by the amount of materials used from construction standard estimation data. Also, those from dismantling construction can be obtained by subtracting waste amount generated during newly-built construction from total input amount of materials in newly-built construction. Those in two cases can be used in construction site. It can be used for estimating the amount generated and establishing the treating plan in the case of setting up the policy of waste management and doing the environment impact assessment.


Work on the chemistry of human complement has led to the identification of at least two components associated with @,-globulins. The serum protein associated with the fourth component of complement (C',) has recently been identified as @,,-globulin by Miiller-Eberhard & Biro [5]. One of the third component of complement (C'3a) has been shown t o be associated with @,,-globulin by Miiller-Eberhard et al. [el; evidence was obtained that @,,-globulin reacts with red cells in the EAC',,,.z state and that during this process, as well as after storage, i t is converted to @,,-globulin [2, 41. The present investigation is concerned with the synthesis of these two components in human foetuses.


Within the Cloud computing system, it is essential to provide storage and security solution for users and the enterprises. It provides greater benefits like elasticity and flexibility. The Compromises of data occur due to attacks by the users. In this, we propose a secured and optimal retrieval of data in cloud through computational techniques. We ensure the security of the sensitive data through efficient fragmentation algorithm. Here, the data is fragmented and storing the fragmented pieces in multiple cloud nodes by ensuring each node stores a single fragment. It replicates and retrieves the fragmented data over the multiple cloud spaces. The fragmented data are stored in a cloud node with a certain distance by means of Mersenne Twister computational technique and this prohibits the attacker to guess the location of fragmented data pieces. It beats the assaults of finding the area of information and the bargain of hub containing the information is less. This does not depend on the cryptography procedures for security of information with the goal that it minimizes the expense of costly techniques. Furthermore, this likewise guarantees the internet getting to and altering of the record should be possible.


【Task】 A system for classifying a biological sample. To identify the number of objects of interest in a biological sample. The first feature of each object of interest (e.g., the nucleus area) and a second feature (e.g., the integral optical density of the nucleus) of each object of interest to measure, the first and second generating a scatter plot of the characteristics of the. Sample is normal based on the point distribution in the dispersion plot, it is classified into pseudo. .The


Special issue consisting of the following articles: (1) &dquo;Structure and Incentive Problems in Economic Regulation of Medical Care,&dquo; by Walter McClure; (2) &dquo;Competition and Health Cost Containment: Cautions and Conjectures,&dquo; by Lawrence D. Brown; (3) &dquo;HMOs, Competition, and the Politics of Minimum Benefits,&dquo; by Donald W. Moran; (4) &dquo;The Market vs. Regulation: The Case for Regulation,&dquo; by Bruce C. Vladeck; (5) &dquo;Altering the Tax Treatment of EmploymentBased Health Plans,&dquo; by Paul B. Ginsburg; (6) &dquo;The Essential Role of Antitrust in a Competitive Market for Health Services,&dquo; by Michael R. Pollard; and (7) &dquo;On Public Values and Private Regulation: Some Reflections on Cost Containment Strategies,&dquo; by Stephen M. Weiner. References.


The basic principles of the correlation femtoscopy, including its correspondence to the Hanbury Brown and Twiss intensity interferometry, are re-examined. The main subject of the paper is an analysis of the correlation femtoscopy when the source size is as small as the order of the uncertainty limit. It is about 1 fm for the current high energy experiments. Then the standard femtoscopy model of random sources is inapplicable. The uncertainty principle leads to the partial indistinguishability and coherence of closely located emitters that affect the observed femtoscopy scales. In thermal systems the role of corresponding coherent length is taken by the thermal de Broglie wavelength that also defines the size of a single emitter. The formalism of partially coherent phases in the amplitudes of closely located individual emitters is used for the quantitative analysis. The general approach is illustrated analytically for the case of the Gaussian approximation for emitting sources. A reduction of the interferometry radii and a suppression of the Bose-Einstein correlation functions for small sources due to the uncertainty principle are found. There is a positive correlation between the source size and the intercept of the correlation function. The peculiarities of the non-femtoscopic correlations caused by minijets and fluctuations of the initial states of the systems formed in $pp$ and $e^+e^-$ collisions are also analyzed. The factorization property for the contributions of femtoscopic and non-femtoscopic correlations into complete correlation function is observed in numerical calculations in a wide range of the model parameters.


The invention relates to a self-stirring type dredging device for river channels; the self-stirring type dredging device comprises a main frame assembly which is arranged on a walking assembly; rubber tracks are arranged at the two sides of the walking assembly; a closed type power assembly is arranged on the main frame assembly; a movable arm assembly is articulated at the front end of the main frame assembly; a movable arm oil cylinder is articulated between the main frame assembly and the movable arm assembly; the front end of the movable arm assembly is articulated with a bucket rod assembly; a bucket rod oil cylinder is articulated between the bucket rod assembly and the movable arm assembly; a rotary stirring device is fixed at the front end of the bucket rod assembly; a rotary hydraulic motor is fixedly connected on the rotary stirring device; a bulldozing device is arranged at the front end of the walking assembly; and the movable arm oil cylinder, the bucket rod oil cylinder, the rotary hydraulic motor and the bulldozing device are controlled by the closed type power assembly. The self-stirring type dredging device is flexible, efficient and safe.


Distinguished Participents and Guests: The 1991 China Tibetology Seminar in Beijing organized by the China Tibetology ResearchCenter was concluded today. I have been following, with interest, your four days' seminar whichhas been a complete success thanks to the joint efforts and cooperation on the part of scholars attend-ing the seminar. Both Chinese and foreign scholars have conducted an in --depth study of the Ti-


The Egyptian telecommunication sector grew by 17% during the second quarter of the fiscal year 2020/21, the highest among all sectors in the economy, proven to be remarkably resilient in the face Covid-19 pandemic and the Delta variant. Using quarterly time-series dataset over the period 2000 – 2019, the study estimates the direct economic impact of telecommunications on economic growth measured by the revenues generated by the sector and the indirect economic effect (or spillover) of telecommunications on the economy by employing a structural econometric model based on an aggregate production function, a demand function, a supply function, and an infrastructure function to detect causality and examine long-run relationships between variables. This study uses two measures of telecommunications, mobile unique subscribers and mobile broadband capable device penetration to quantify the spillover effects of mobile telecommunications on the economy. Statistics show that telecommunications sector's revenue comprised 4.4% of GDP, reflecting the direct effect of telecommunications on the economy. Additionally, according to the structural model, mobile unique subscribers and mobile broadband capable device penetration significantly contributed to the Egyptian GDP growth between 2000 and 2019. More specifically, the estimation results show that for every 1% increase in penetration in mobile unique subscriber penetration and mobile broadband capable device adoption, the average annual contribution to GDP growth is estimated to increase by 0.172% and 0.016%, respectively. On this basis, this study provides policy recommendations related to maximizing investment in network utilization including mobile, Internet services, and fixed broadband subscriptions. Research extensions would include testing the significance of complementarities such as improving governance measures and building human capacity for both households and firms, which are necessary to boost the impact of telecommunication on economic growth in Egypt.


Chloridizing reagent and one of two specified compounds are made to react in solvent, in which hydrogen chloride is insoluble or less insoluble, to prepare 2-alkyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone.


Microfinance has been proved to be an effective tool in providing financial access to the poor people. Microfinance through self help groups has been recognised internationally as a modern tool to combat poverty and rural development. Self help groups act as instrument for empowerment of women. The opportunities created by microfinance through forest protection committees as a tool to alleviate poverty can be used to strengthen the rural women SHG. The study revealed that most of the respondents belong to middle aged group, schedule caste category, primary passed and lives in joint families. Average number of members per group was 14 and average saving was `110. Women of 0-30 years age groups and middle passed borrow maximum amount of loan. Family income of respondents increase more than double after joining SHGs. Dairy farming is most preferred income generating activity amongst studied FDAs. Microfinance help in improving the economic, psychological, social and managerial aspects of women thus helps in overall women empowerment.


Disruptive innovation in healthcare sector offers potential opportunities to developing countries like Nigeria, which are in urgent need of low-cost, efficient and sustainable healthcare solutions that are easily accessible to the masses. This article based on an exploratory study supports the idea that disruptive innovations in the digital health and telehealth combined with innovative business models and public-private sectors collaborations can help improve access to quality healthcare services for the lower-income and underreached and underserved communities of multiple emerging and developing economies. The evidences provided by a number of exploratory studies with thought leaders and industry experts seem to confirm an optimist scenario for the rapid expansion of more inclusive digital healthcare economic models in these economies. With a huge untapped growth potential.


Tympanic membrane grafting with or without attached malleus has shown promise in otologic reconstruction. The tissues thus transplanted should conform to laws of immune recognition and attack by host mechanisms but there are many observations in transplantation of similar tissues elsewhere which suggest that a high rate of success might be expected from ear drum grafts. Immunobiologic principles as applied to collagenous tissue, and bone and cartilage grafts are the subject of this review.


The concept of value was crucial in the thought of both Ludwig von Mises and Max Scheler, however the spheres to which the concept "value" was applied by each was very different, Mises being an economist and Scheler being a ethicist and philosophical anthropologist. Superficially the positions of the two thinkers seem to be diametrically opposed, Scheler maintaining the validity of "objective values" and Mises championing "subjective value" as the key to understanding economic processes. However it is possible to consider the economic sphere in which subjective values operate as a subset of a much wider frame of reference grounded in objective values. Scheler's thought points towards an ideal realm which is in no way invalidated by economic analysis of the values which people actually choose. Viewed in this respect the thought of Mises and Scheler may be seen as complementary. This complementarity was not grasped at the time when the two men were contemporaries, due to Mises involvement in tangential methodological concerns. Further factors 1) Scheler's early death, 2) the Heideggerian obscuration of the early phenomenological movement, 3) the lateness of Scheler's recognition by American social scientists, and 4) the hardening of disciplinary boundaries between philosophy and the various social sciences, including economics, have tended to diminish the impact of Scheler's ideas on subsequent thought. None the less, Scheler's notion of objective value could serve as a unique mediation between the cognitive universe of libertarians and traditionalists respective. In this respect putting Mises and Scheler in mutual context is a vital desideratum for our times. Mises and Scheler: Two types of value theory and their possible interrelation Introduction The concept of value was crucial in the thought of both Ludwig von Mises and Max Scheler, however the spheres to which the concept "value" was applied by each was very different, Mises being an economist and Scheler being a ethicist and philosophical anthropologist. Superficially the positions of the two thinkers seem to be diametrically opposed, Scheler maintaining the validity of "objective values" and Mises championing "subjective value" as the key to understanding economic processes. However it is possible to consider the economic sphere in which subjective values operate as a subset of a much wider frame of reference grounded in objective values. Scheler's thought points towards an ideal realm which is in no way invalidated by economic analysis of the values which people actually choose. Viewed in this respect the thought of Mises and Scheler may be seen as complementary. Contemporary Relevance of the Problem The issue of values is one which has been taken up in popular cultural discourse in America. Thus the expression "values voters" has been coined to designate citizens who vote in response to government policies on moral issues such as abortion, or the prohibition of drugs and certain forms of sexual behavior. In this context "values" is usually a cipher standing for the defense of "traditional values." Opponents of traditional values state, correctly, that the notion of value generally implies subjective evaluation. Thus advocates of non-traditional lifestyles are expressing their values as clearly as traditionalists do their own. This semantic confusion ultimately may be traced to the fact that "value" is a term originally borrowed by ethics from economics. Modern economics construes "value" as subjective. Does this imply that any consistent use of the term value by ethicists will ultimately lead to ethical subjectivism, i.e. that all moral preferences are a matter of taste? This is the conclusion drawn by Paul Gottfried in his criticism of the cultural and political use of the term "value" by the American conservative movement. He states that the uncritical substitution of the economic for the social usage of "value" caused a crisis in meaning for the Old (libertarian) Right, and brought about coup d'etat by a new (authoritarian) right, which profited from this semantic confusion by inserting a new agenda using the old terms of discourse. (Gottfried 2007) If the notion of value is inherently ambiguous, then any concept of objective ethical norms would have to be based on some other concept besides values. There are indeed alternatives in the form of categorical imperatives, divine command theory, naturalism etc., but these bases all come with their own drawbacks, they being either forbiddingly transcendental and rigorous, or susceptible to other mischief. The charming quality of an "objective system of values" lies in its combination of autonomous motivation with universal moral ends. Arguably the most representative system of objective value ethics is the one formulated by phenomenological philosopher Max Scheler. Here we will not argue directly for the validity of Scheler's ethics. Rather we will try to remove a major obstacle to understanding his philosophy: a faulty understanding of economics. If the economic concept of value precludes a broader philosophical theory of value ethics, then Scheler's system is doomed from the start. However it will be demonstrated that this is not the case, for the man who thought most deeply about the epistemological underpinnings of economics, Ludwig von Mises, also went on to show that value is not a specifically economic notion. Rather it belongs to the sphere of psychology, or what Mises called thymology. Mises himself was not an admirer of Scheler's philosophy, but his understanding of the basis and role of economics within the human sciences does not preclude the possibility of an objective ethics of values. In this respect his thought differs from other, more scientistic, understandings of economics. This compatibility between Misesian and Schelerian thought likewise hints at a possible ground for understanding between, if not fusion of, libertarian and conservative modes of social theory. The Core argument: The openness of Misesian economics to philosophical value-theory Philosophers didn't always discuss ethical and psychological problems with reference to the term "value." Value itself was a concept first extensively treated in the literature of economics. In the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries problems of ethics began to be discussed in terms of values, most extensively by Max Scheler. However there are always bound to be difficulties when one field borrows a term from another. Is the concept which has been adapted to a new field strictly equivalent to its usage in the field of its origin? This is especially true with regard to the use of "value" in the fields of ethics and philosophical anthropology. A skeptic might, with justice, point out that use of the term value by ethicists and philosophers differes widely from its use by economists. In the case of Max Scheler's value-ethics "value" is not only employed in a way different from its economic usage, but is actually diametrically opposed to the way post-Mengerian economics have construed value. Modern (post-1870) economics construes value as the subjective imputation of worth to goods and services. Scheler's notion of value, on the other hand, inheres to objective worth, notably the worthy ideals elicited by certain types of persons. Now if the term "value" is no more than a homonym designating two different concepts, there is no conflict which arises from the economic and the philosophical use of the word. Shortly I will demonstrate how this is in fact the case, since once the implications of pure Misesian theory are understood, the two concepts are able go their separate ways in perfect harmony. However this is by no means obvious, as hinted at by the nickname "the worldly philosophers" used on occasion to designate economists. According to common sense, there would seem to be a fundamental contradiction between the kind of "idealistic" value-theory upheld by Max Scheler which is objective, eternal, and based on moral intuitions and the more "mundane" notion of value which is subjective and concerned with the use of goods and services. From an economists point of view Scheler's value philosophy would bear an unflattering family resemblance to the obsolescent value theories of Ricardo and other classical economists. Even Mises himself was apt to dismiss Scheler on precisely this ground, for in one of his rare references to the philosopher, he writes that "[Scheler] was prevented, by his desire to find an absolute determination of the ranks of values, from drawing the conclusions from his answer that are crucial for ethics."(Epistemological Problems of Economics, p.87) It is not clear that Mises delved particularly deeply into the philosophy of Scheler, or that he gave general ethics the same kind of penetrating treatment that he gave to economics. It does seem that he esteemed Scheler as a clear thinker, one who recognized that all behavior, human or animal, was based on eudemonistic (that is, pleasure seeking and pain avoiding) attainment of goals. However it is this question of eudemonism which lies at the core of the presumed incompatibility between Scheler and economics. In fact, Scheler's value theory is non-eudemonistic, for it posits a devotion to personal exemplars which rises above the simple instincts of pleasure seeking and pain avoidance. While recognizing the universality of basic drives, Scheler maintains the possibility of heroic, even saintly, value affirmation operating on an entirely different level. In this respect it stands in direct contradiction to the psychological premises which are generally presumed to constitute the underpinnings of modern economics. This a misunderstanding of special relevance to the school of Austrian economics, for it is this school which has carried the insights of subjective marginal utility to their most logical conclusions. Now it would seem that following this theorem (i.e. subjective utility) o


Numerical calculations of thermal conductivity κ(T) are reported for realistic atomic structure models of amorphous silicon with 1000 atoms and periodic boundary conditions. Using Stillinger-Weber forces, the vibrational eigenstates are computed by exact diagonalization in harmonic approximation. Only the uppermost 3% of the states are localized. The finite size of the system prevents accurate information about low-energy vibrations, but the 98% of the modes with energies above 10 meV are densely enough represented to permit a lot of information to be extracted. Each harmonic mode has an intrinsic (harmonic) diffusivity defined by the Kubo formula, which we can accurately calculate for ω>10 meV


Two experiments were conducted to test the effect of casein and soy protein isolate (SPI) on the nutritional status of vitamin B6 in rats. Adult Long-Evans rats were fed with a casein or SPI diet at a 40% protein level with (control) or without (B6-deficient) 7 mg of pyridoxine/kg diet. Vitamin-B6-deficient rats were depleted of B6 with (experiment 1) or without (experiment 2) deoxypyridoxine. In experiment 1, each rat was loaded with 150 mg of DL-tryptophan after 5 weeks of pair feeding. The rats on the vitamin-B6-deficient SPI diet (SPI-B6) excreted twice the amount of urine xanthurenic acid in 24 h than did the rats on the vitamin-B6-deficient casein (casein-B6) diet (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, L-tryptophan was loaded in a 20-mg dose at the end of each week. The excretion of xanthurenic acid was higher in the SPI-B6 group than in the casein-B6 group over the 5-week period of the experiment (p < 0.05). Erythrocyte transaminase (EGOT and EGPT) activities were lower, while EGOT and EGPT indexes were higher in the SPI-B6 group than in the casein-B6 group (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the source of dietary protein significantly influenced the status of B6 nutrition in these rats. e o o o o * e o o * o o o o o o e o o o o * It is well known that the vitamin B6 requirement is positively correlated with the quantity of protein intake [1]; thus, more vitamin B6 is required for higher protein intake. However, little is known about whether different sources of dietary protein affect the requirement for vitamin B6. Kazemi and Kratzer [6] observed that chicks fed with a soybean diet required more vitamin B6 for optimum growth than did those fed with a safflower or cottonseed diet. On the other hand, Kretsch et al. [7] found that more vitamin B6 was required to normalize xanthurenic acid excretion in vitamin-B6-depleted young women fed animal protein than in subjects fed plant protein. Fisher et al. [4] investigated the effect of protein quality on the vitamin B6 status in rats. They found that rats fed an amino acid mixture which simulated low-quality-protein maize had lower serum pyridoxal phosphate, total liver vitamin B 6 and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid than did rats fed an amino acid mixture which simulated high-quality protein. While studying the effects of vitamin B6 deficiency on serum and liver lipids in rats [8], we found that the degree of vitamin B6 deficiency was more severe when soy protein isolate (SPI), as compared with casein, was used as the protein source. In the present study, the vitamin B6 nutritional status of rats, judged mainly by the amount of urinary xanthurenic acid excretion after tryptophan loading, was compared between casein and soy protein test


Maoafee, C. H. a.: Hydramnios, J. Obst. & Gynaec. Brit. Emp. 57: 171, 1950. Defining hydramnios as the presence of excess of liquor smnii of such a degree that an x-ray examination of the abdomen is indicated, the author reports 131 cases of hydramnios in 10,902 cases at the Royal Maternity Hospital in Belfast, an incidence of 1.2 per cent; and 16 cases in a series of 1,119 private maternity patients seen in the early weeks of pregnancy, an incidence of 1.4 per cent. In all these 147 cases, the hydramnios was present before the twentieth week of pregnancy; there were only 2 cases of the acute type, both eases of uniovular twins. Tn 54 cases (57 infants), the x-ray showed a fetal abnormality (anencephaly in 47 insta.ncesj in a single fetus or one fetus of a multiple pregnancy. In this group only 3 infants survived, from multiple pregnancies with one abnormal fetus. In 78 cases (100 infantsj the x-ray showed an apparently normal fetus in utero; of the 100 infants, 67 survived and 33 died. But on delivery 20 infants were found to have some abnormality; 5 of these survived but 4 of them are so defective as to be a burden on the parents. In 6 cases hydramnios was associated with diabetes, 3 of the 6 infants died (2 anencephalic) and 3 survived. There were 9 cases in which hydramnios was associated with intrauterine death of the fetus which in 3 eases was attributed to Rh incompatibility. In these cases of hydramnios, delivery was normal in 85 cases; forceps were used in 29 cases; breech delivery was necessary in 23 cases; and cesarean section was done in 23 cases. Severe postpartum hemorrhage occurred in 8 cases, with one maternal death, and ' ' moderate ' ' hemorrhage in 12 additional citscs; manual removal of the placenta was done in 14 cases. There was only one maternal death (noted above) in the series. From this series of eases and a review of other reported series of cases of hyclramnios, the author concludes that hydramnios is a more serious complication of pregnancy than has been fully appreciated. It is associated with as high or a higher fetal mortality than some of the major complications of pregnancy; and is also associated with complications in all stages of labor. Even when the x-ray examination does not indicate a fetal abnormality, 33 per cent of the infants are born dead and show unexpected malformations. The value of paracentesis is questioned. HARVEY B. MATTHEWS


This paper proposes restoration of an image using filters before an image quality assessment is performed. Image noising is being done to a quality image by addition of impulse noise in different variances. There are two methods of image restoration namely; adaptive median filter and improved median filter. These filters are used to perform impulse noise removal function. Then the quality assessment of the restored image with original image (reference image) is performed. Reduced-reference metrics is implemented, wherein it makes use of only limited information from the reference image. For implementing reduced reference metrics, 2D Fourier transform is used to obtain the phase and magnitude value. This paper presents better results in terms of the combination of phase and magnitude score denoted as Qc. Based on Qc score, the suitable filter is chosen for the particular value of variance of the impulse noise. The least Qc score indicates the best quality image and highest score indicate the worst image quality. From the analysis with Qc score, it was found that higher impulse noise image can be restored by means of improved median filter and the lower impulse noise image can be restored by means of adaptive median filter.


Ihe olganization is a uretger oltu'o ol tt.tore peoplc n'ho have a scope ol rvorl< ancl put
together in a regular relationship ancl very effective lbr- achicving anl' desircd iroal
Char-actelistics of inclividLrals withirr thc olganization havc dil'f'elent. and these clilferenccs t'ill
af i'ect the perfbrr.nancc condLrcteci by thc organization to achieve the goals set.
This study chose thc regular supervision of Assistant Inspector in North .lakarta as an
object ofstudy becausc it has the purpose to see lror'v the conrmutrication process tlrat occurs in
legular rnonitoring, the implcrlcntation has sever-al charactctistics that nray aif-cct the lunning of
the organization's activities. ln addition to erplainirrg the process of inter-nal cotnnr un icatiott
r,vithjn a regular surveillance, the stLrdy also explains hou' intcrpersonal relatiorrships ar-e br.rilt
upon legular monitoring takes place.
The results show thal there arc u,heels olganizational corr nr utt ication patterns in
organizations and inter-persorral relationships []ctveen the t\,o p:lrties is rvcll cstablishecl that
regular ntonitorin-l has been clLrite ef'f'ectivc. C)rganizationel corn m utt icatiott pattel-ns are fbrnred
due to the spreacl ol' irrfbrnratiorr flot!ing stream ol'conlnlLlnicatols (teanr supervisor Assistant
Inspcctorate North .lakarla) end corrrr Lrn icarrls (SKPDs / UKI']D Regional Olfice of Librarv rnd
A rch ivcs Nonh Jakarta).


In this paper, the present situation and problems in the exploitation of mineral resources in Nanzhang County are concerned. Based on these, the countermeasures to protect mineral resources and carry out its sustainable development are put forward.


Context: Mammal populations around the world are increasingly threatened with population fragmentation due to loss of habitat or barriers to gene flow. The investigation of Koala populations in the Sydney region not only provides valuable information about this vulnerable species, but also serves as a model for other species that have suffered major rapid declines in population size, and are now recovering in fragmented habitat. The peri-urban study region allows investigation of the impact of landscape features such as major roads and housing developments on koala gene flow. Aims: Animals originating from four geographic sampling areas around Sydney, New South Wales, Australia were examined to determine population structure and gene flow and to identify barriers to gene flow and management units. Methods: This study examined 12 microsatellite loci and used Bayesian assignment methods and genic frequency analysis methods to identify demographically separate populations and barriers to gene flow between those populations. Key Results: Three discrete populations were resolved, with all displaying moderate to high levels of genetic differentiation among them (θ = 0.141–0.224). The allelic richness and heterozygosity of the Blue Mountains population (A=6.46, HO=0.66) is comparable to the highest diversity found in any koala population previously investigated. However, considerably lower genetic diversity was found in the Campbelltown population (A=3.17, HO=0.49), which also displayed evidence of a recent population bottleneck (effective population size estimated at 16–21).


A diode pumped Yb:YAG regenerative amplifier has been developed for short pulse generation. High gain and efficient cooling characteristics were achieved in the laser gain module using a thin square-rod laser structure. Average output power of 10 W was realized at a pulse repetition rate of 100 kHz with 6.2 ps pulse width.


This work analyses the supervision of the performance of Model-based Predictive Controllers (MBPC). Different methodologies are analysed to assess the performance of the controller, determining a benchmark and supervising it online. The study involves the simulation of a chemical reactor, illustrating the results and demonstrating the limitations and advantages of these methods.


The expression evaluation is the most basic question in programming language translation. Compared with infix expression with which people are familiar, suffix expression does not have the parenthesis, nor does it have the priority difference; each operation is carried out according to the order in which the operator appears. Therefore it is suitable for the serial work of the computer processing mode. This article first analyses and compares these two kinds of expression, then attempts to prove that suffix expression is superior to infix expression through the concrete analysis of the realization of evaluation algorithm of these two kinds of expression. Finally it discusses briefly the transformation of infix expression into the suffix expression.


In April 2013, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) benefitted from a "monumental leak": 2.5 million documents on operations carried out by two major suppliers of offshore services – Portcullis TrustNet, based in Singapore, and Commonwealth Trust Limited, based in the British Virgin Isles (in the Caribbean). This provided the opportunity for a large scale investigation known as "Offshore-Leaks" on the importance of the role played by tax havens in the world economy. Following these revelations, numerous scandals have broken out, involving politicians and political parties, the wealthy (such as the Rothschilds), banks like Crédit agricole and BNP-Paribas in France, intimates of the Kremlin in Russia and so on.


Correspondence to Do Yeun Cho, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-718, Korea Tel: +82-42-600-9102, Fax: +82-42-600-9092, E-mail: email@example.com Copyrightc 2015 The Korean Association of Internal Medicine This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 본태혈소판증가증 환자에서 골수흡인 및 생검 후 발생한 후복막출혈


The Micro Rain Radar (MRR) a high resolution radar operates at a frequency of 24 GHz installed at Thumba (8.5°N, 76.9°E) under Ka band propagation experiment is used extensively to characterize the tropical rain. This radar measurements of rain were obtained with fine spatial and temporal resolutions like One minute time resolution and 200 m height resolution. With this radar for the first time classification of precipitating systems are studied. With the presence or absence of bright band a radar signature of melting layer one can classify particular rain type as convective or stratiform. For present study MRR data from September 2005 onwards are collected. The main objective is to classify precipitation system into Stratiform and Convective with the presence or absence of Bright band. Another potential of this radar is ability to give information of vertical structure of fall velocity of hydrometeors. This also gives profiles of number concentration of various ranges of Drop sizes, liquid water content ...


There is growing appreciation among International Relations (IR) scholars that emotion matters fundamentally to the dynamics of world politics. But discerning and establishing just how has proven rather difficult. At the heart of the problem is that the phenomenon of emotion does not "fit"" conveniently into any of the usual orienting categories used in JR. Emotions are the embodied experiences of concrete persons but they are not actually the "properties"" of those persons. Rather than things people have, emotions are contingent waysof-being human that is, experiences of human being that emerge from interactions between agencies and structures of both material and social sorts. They are neither substance nor process, neither natural nor cultural, neither cognitive nor physiological. In the context of IR, this means that it makes little sense to try to apprehend emotions through the levels-of-analysis framework that organizes the field. For those interested in understanding the role of emotion in world politics, the daunting questions begin with how one begins. I found myself facing these questions during the course of an ongoing research project when I came to suspect that emotion was a key force in producing the outcome that interested me. Since this was not what I had expected, pursuing my suspicion meant taldng a considerable detour to figure out how other scholars had managed to study emotion. What I found, both in and outside ofiR, is that most scholars have met the challenge by dodging it. In IR, in particular, the existing literature on emotion succeeds in examining its role in world politics only to the extent that it wittingly or unwittingly assumes away the ontological complexity of emotion. It was in this context that is, in search of a way to conceptualize, theorize, and perform empirical research on emotion in world politics that I stumbled into practice theory. In this chapter, I argue that practice theory offers a framework that embraces, rather than assumes away, the ontological complexity of emotion. It offers a way to fathom emotion that does not reduce that phenomenon to one or the other of the categories it exceeds. Because of this, practice theory lays the