This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis represent an obstacle in tuberculosis control and stress the need for rapid and reliable diagnostic tools for drug susceptibility testing in clinical isolates [1]. Mutations in the 81-bp region of the rpoB gene are responsible for resistance to rifampicin, an essential drug for the therapy of tuberculosis (TB) [2]. Mycobacteria laboratory facilities in Sudan exist only in Khartoum state whereas TB patients from other states are referred to Khartoum state for diagnosis and treatment. The MDR-TB prevalence in Sudan was found in 5% of new cases and 24% of previously treated patients [3]. Recent development of the Xpert MTB/RIF test [4] and of the line probe assay [5] which span 81-bp fragment of the RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) gene have allowed for the rapid detection of resistance to rifampicin (RIF). Knowledge on the geographical distribution of the rpoB resistant alleles is essential for the development of diagnostic tools. Although sequence analysis of the rpoB gene has been shown to be effective for detecting RIF-resistance alleles in over 90% of RIF-resistant isolates from different geographical regions [6,7], there is only limited information from Sudan [8]. In order to find Sudan-specific mutations, that could potentially be used for the optimization of the current detection tools of RIF resistance alleles, we determined in this study the mutation profile occurring within an 81-bp fragment of the rpoB gene, in a collection of MDR clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from Khartoum, Sudan. Forty-nine clinical isolates consisting of RIF-resistant M. tuberculosis were isolated from sputum of TB patients during the period between 2007 and 2009, into the Khartoum state, Sudan. The drug susceptibility testing was performed using standard proportional method and the drugs tested were rifampicin, isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB), and streptomycin (SM) [9]. Genomic DNA was extracted using the boiling method. An 81-bp region of the rpoB gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [10] and DNA sequencing was performed by Macrogen Inc. (Seoul, South Korea) on a ABI3730XL DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA). Water was used as a negative control to replace DNA, to rule out carry-over contamination of the amplicon throughout the steps of the protocol. We report here the determination of the …


The hierarchical organization of the pure states of a S.K. spin glass (ultrametricity) is analysed in terms of self-averaging distributions of local magnetizations. We show that every pure state α defines an ultrametric distance Dα(i,j) among the N sites. Given two states α, β with overlap q there is a minimum distande d m such that for two sites i, j with Dα(i,j)≥d m the two distances Dα and Dβ coincide. It follows that the sites can be partitioned in disjoint cells inside which the total magnetization is the same for all the states with mutual overlap q. For this same family of states we then define an «ancestor» that has, inside each cell, constant local magnetization equal to the average magnetization of the descendants. The ancestors satisfy mean field like equations. The functional dependence of the local magnetization in terms of the local field is given by the solution of the diffusion equation in x space which is given a purely static interpretation Analyse de l'organisation hierarchique des etats purs d'un verre de spin de Sherrington-Kirkpatrick en termes de la distribution des aimantations locales: chaque etat pur α definit une distance ultrametrique Dα(i,j) entre les N sites et, etant donnes deux etats α, β dont le recouvrement est q, il y a une distance minimale d m telle que, pour chaque paire de site i, j verifiant Dα(i,j)≥d m , les deux distances Dα et Dβ coincident


An analysis of allele frequencies at five polymorphic enzyme loci of one mainland Australian and four Tasmanian populations of Austrocochlea constricta revealed that three readily distinguishable morphs were three species. These were identified as A. constricta, A. porcata and A. brevis sp. nov. In sympatric populations, two diagnostic loci separated A. constricta and A. brevis (PEP-A and AAT-2), two separated A. porcata and A. brevis (PEP-A and AAT-2), and one separated A. porcata and A. constricta (PEP-A). With the exception of the last, these loci were also diagnostic in allopatric populations. In addition, significant differentiation was observed at most non-diagnostic loci in sympatric populations.A. porcata and A. constricta, but not A. brevis, showed limited, although significant, interpopulation differentiation at two of the five loci, which was attributed to geographic isolation. Examination of genetic distance data showed the three species to have non-overlapping values, but variance overlap meant that the intraspecies population affinities were unresolved. Radulae of the three species were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively from scanning electron micrographs. Inter-specific comparisons of tooth dimensions revealed no significant differences and, despite a less variable tooth shape in A. constricta than in A. Porcata or A. brevis, no consistent features of radular morphology were found to distinguish any one species. Morphological descriptions of the shells and anterior soft body regions are given to enable ready field identification of the species, and their known distributions are outlined.


THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THERMISTORS, SEMI-CONDUCTORS WITH LARGE NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS OF ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE, ARE REVIEWED AND COMPARED WITH STANDARD RESISTANCE THERMOMETERS. DESCRIPTIONS ARE GIVEN OF THE VARIOUS SIZES AND SHAPES COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE, THERMAL LIMITATIONS IN THEIR USE, AND THE VARIOUS MATERIALS USED IN MANUFACTURE. OTHER USES FOR THERMISTORS, SUCH AS TEMPERATURE CONTROL, ELECTRICAL REGULATION, AND MEASUREMENT OF OTHER VARIABLES ARE CONSIDERED. CLASSIFICATION OF SEMI-CONDUCTORS AND THE THEORY OF OPERATION IS DISCUSSED AND AN EXPRESSION FOR ELECTRONIC CONDUCTIVITY IS DEVELOPED FROM WHICH A METHOD IS PROPOSED FOR THE COMPARISON OF VARIOUS THERMISTORS. STEADY STATE AND TRANSIENT THERMAL ERRORS ARE EVALUATED, AND FACTORS AFFECTING CALIBRATION STABILITY ARE DESCRIBED. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SELECTION OF THERMISTORS AND PROPER CIRCUITRY ARE GIVEN. A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THERMISTORS IS GIVEN. /AUTHOR/


Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in early 2022 and resulting international sanctions, natural gas imports from Russia to Europe declined drastically to well below their historical averages. This reduction raised concerns about Europe's energy supply, given its dependence on Russian gas.


We investigated the reliability of fundamental movements in thirteen youth football players (mean age = 16.8 ± 0.6 y). Following a habituation warm-up, players performed three trials of stride-for-distance and bodyweight squats between two weeks. A motion tracking device was used to measure stride distance and squat depth. The weekly mean changes in mean and maximum performance were moderate for the stride (2.8%; 90% confidence interval: 1.1 to 4.5 and 3.6%; 2.1 to 5.2, respectively) and small for the squat (-2.7%; -12.3 to 7.9 and 3.3%; -5.2 to 12.6). ICCs for stride mean and maximum performance were moderate (0.74; 0.43 to 0.90) and high (0.76; 0.46 to 0.90), respectively, and low for the squat (0.22; -0.27 to 0.61 and 0.42; -0.04 to 0.74, respectively). Typical errors for mean and maximum performance were moderate for the stride (2.4%; 1.8 to 3.6 and 2.1%; 1.6 to 3.3, respectively) and large for the squat (15.9%; 11.8 to 25.1 and 13.1%; 9.7 to 20.5, respectively). The motion tracking reliability was encouraging in the stride. This finding warrants further investigation and consideration of the stride test for use in applied practice with a group of youth footballers.


Multichannel filters to synthesize a personal sound zone are often designed in frequency domain. The frequency domain design assumes a circular convolution between impulse responses of loudspeakers and filter coefficients, and hence, the actual sound pressure field produced by the linear convolution with the impulse responses differs from the sound field predicted at the design stage. The circular convolution issue can be resolved by the time domain filter coefficient design, but in this case the uneven spectral energy across different frequencies is troublesome. A subband processing, which finds the optimal filter coefficients of loudspeakers at a single frequency based on the average responses over a frequency band of finite bandwidth, can be utilized to mitigate the circular convolution problem. The concept and design of the optimal subband are explained with impulse responses measured in a highly reflective condition, and the difference in performances with and without subband processing is demonstrated.


Although YBa2Cu3O72212δ (YBCO) is one of the most promising superconducting materials for power applications, the fabrication of low-cost coated conductors with the high in-field performance remains challenging. Here, we report an efficient mixed-pinning landscape for enhancing the in-field performance of BaTiO3 (BTO)-doped YBCO films by low-energy (60 keV) proton irradiation. The smaller (2–4 nm), weaker but perhaps denser pinning sites have been successfully introduced by irradiation, which can form a mixed-pinning landscape with pre-doped BTO precipitates (5–15 nm), leading to the increased vortex pinning. In this case, the critical current density (J c) of YBCO films increases significantly, especially at low temperature and high magnetic field, and it increases three times near 6 T at 20 K when the irradiation dose is 1 × 1015 proton cm−2. Additionally, the c-axis length (c-parameter) of YBCO increases with the increase of irradiation dose, which indicates the decreasing oxygen content due to the excessive irradiation, thereby the reduction in critical transition temperature (T c). Employing low irradiation energy is beneficial for protons to stop inside YBCO film and thereby induces higher density defects when applying low doses. This fabrication technique is a practicable post-production solution to improve the in-field performance of nanoparticle-doped YBCO films.


Pieces of broken pots are scattered over the desert hillsides of the Southwest. The Indians there treat them with respect--"Every piece of clay is a piece of someone's life," they say. And the children try to imagine those lives that took place in the desert they think of as their own.


High density vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) forests are considered as a promising conductive material for many applications (interconnects in microelectronics or contact material layer in sliding contact applications). It is thus crucial to characterize the electrical resistance of these forests, especially in contact with the inherent top/bottom conductive substrates. This paper aims to develop an original method to determine the contribution of the different terms in this electrical resistance, which is measured with a tipless atomic force microscope used in high accuracy "force mode." VACNT stacks with different heights on AlCu substrate with or without Au/Pd top coating are studied. The electrical contact area between the probe tip and the forest is considered to be equivalent to the classical electrical contact area between a tip and a rough surface. With this assumption, the scattering resistance of a mono-wall CNT is 14.6 kΩ μm−1, the top/bottom contact resistance is, respectively, 265 ...


Analysis of the distribution of 14C in extracts prepared from leaf tissue which had been exposed to labelled adenine by petiolar uptake revealed that this purine is extensively metabolized in both healthy and Phytophthora-infected potato leaves. Incorporation of labelled adenine into the major ribonucleic acid species of the leaf was also extensive as determined by radioactive assays performed on individual fractions which were separated on columns of methylated albumin kieselguhr. Examination of individual nucleotides released by alkaline hydrolysis showed that both the adenylic and guanylic acid moieties were labelled. Although the labelling patterns were similar for RNA from healthy and infected leaf tissue, the specific activity of the latter was consistently higher than the former. When partially purified leaf extracts were assayed for phosphoribosyltransferase, they exhibited relatively high levels of activity with adenine as substrate, but were virtually devoid of activity with hypoxanthine and guanine. However, direct petiolar uptake of labelled hypoxanthine resulted in highly labelled RNA. A comparison of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity in extracts from healthy and blighted leaves failed to reveal measurable differences. Therefore, it was concluded that the differential incorporation of labelled adenine into the RNA of healthy and infected leaves was due neither to increased activity of this enzyme in response to infection nor to its differential activation. Apart from its role in the recovery of preformed purines for nucleic acid synthesis, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase may function as part of a mechanism for regulating levels of adenine in the potato leaf.


Virtual texturing (VT) is a promising technique to increase texture resolution and uniqueness in real-time applications such as GIS and games. VT manages large texture data sets by splitting the texture data into smaller tiles and assigning a unique address to every tile. Only the visible subset of these tiles is then kept in graphics memory. Any newly-visible tiles are loaded on-demand from disc. Several recent games such as id Software's Rage and Splash Damage's Brink have used VT to manage their texture data at run-time.


The challenge of implementing character education has an impact on the development of children's character. This study aims to describe the form of parenting using tueak serembeak in early character development and education in the Rejang tribe. This qualitative research uses a case study method with two male respondents. Data was collected by documentation, interviews, observations, and field notes and analysed using the Miles and Huberman stages. The theoretical study as the basis of research shows that tueak serembeak can form twelve characters in early childhood, responsibility, courage to take decisions, sharing, caring, survival, tenacity, cooperation, hard work, never give up, keep the spirit, dare to accept challenges, and be patient in dealing with problems. However, the findings in the field show that there are only four characters that appear, being responsible, sharing, caring and patient in dealing with problems. Other characters that appear not based on the teachings of tueak serembeakare independent, creative, and friendly characters. This happens because of the influence of external intervention, education in Air Raman Village, which has developed, advanced technology and open community life. A suggestion for further research, is experimental research based on tueak serembeak teachings that can explain more clearly the influence of this teaching on other aspects of child development.
Keywords: Early Character Development, Parenting, Tueak Serembeak
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Probably no major English poetry is further removed in point of technique from twentieth-century poetry than is John Milton's. It is not surprising, therefore, that Milton should be attacked by many modern poets and critics who convince themselves that he has not written great poetry because he has not written in the way that they would have him write. Thus, in his "Note on the Verse of John Milton," Mr. T. S. Eliot declares, "At no period is the visual imagination conspicuous in Milton's poetry," or again, "Milton may be said never to have seen anything"— simply because Milton's descriptive technique, like his whole poetic design, is different from Eliot's own and from that of the poets he most admires.


Purpose – The aim of this paper is to give an account of a self‐evaluation process in a change programme within the US Coast Guard.Design/methodology/approach – This is an autoethnographical account as form of reflection on a leadership in position facilitating change within the organization.Findings – Adaptive organizational change is a human endeavor, not a scientific application of techniques and skills.Research limitations/implications – The authoethnography points mainly only to a change process of the writer and is therefore hardly an abstract model for others.Practical implications – Meaningful organizational transformation does not occur without a corresponding self‐transformation, most importantly of the individual leading the change.Originality/value – Changing oneself by managing change process as a leader, one has to become the change process in order to be successful.


In the Western Scheldt estuary a 45-day campaign took place to measure ship induced waves and currents on a tidal flat. It was established that the hydraulic loads due to the passing ships were large enough to play a major part in the erosion process of the tidal flat.


Ultrasonic attenuation is a combination of material losses and geometric effects. The current research quantifies the geometric effects in the far‐field, where the individual modes of a Lamb wave become separated. The overall ultrasonic signal, which is a superposition of these modes, depends on geometry, source type and individual mode characteristics. This research considers the amplitude decay of Lamb waves in an isotropic plate that are generated with an ablation source. A numerical simulation is developed using normal mode expansions, and is used to calculate amplitude decay. These numerical results are verified with an experimental program that uses laser generation and detection of multi‐mode, Lamb waves.


Abstract Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe type of stroke which causes bleeding in the brain parenchyma, accounting for 10-15% of all strokes. Prognosis of patients with ICH remains very poor despite new advances in management strategies, and has not improved in the last decades. Disability remains important in ICH survivors, only a small proportion of patients live an independent life after ICH. Development of new strategies in rehabilitation care is expected to improve survival and outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. The main neurological sequellae after ICH are similar to those seen after ischemic stroke. Given the clinical and pathological differences between the two types of stroke, clinical recovery is expected to be different. Comparisons between rehabilitation results in hemorrhagic versus ischemic stroke have offered mixed results, but all of them agreed that rehabilitation is highly effective after hemorrhagic strokes. There are no standard recommendations regarding the specific procedures used in the rehabilitation program of ICH patients. In the absence of clinical data to guide specific practice, the rehabilitation of ICH patients is largely based on general principles learned from ischemic stroke recovery. Physical therapy, task-specific training, sensory stimulation, use of assistive devices for upper limb or gait functions, speech and language therapy, physiotherapy and balnear therapy are methods used in rehabilitation of patients with hemorrhagic stroke, with improvement in patients functional outcome. There is a need for further development of specific rehabilitation techniques to enhance recovery in ICH patients.


Baire category arguments generally support far stronger properties. In particular, these properties, such as Oxtoby's pseudocompleteness, are generally productive, whereas the Baire property is not. We show in the main theorem that the Gδ‐expansion of a regular lightly compact space is pseudocomplete. This leads to intrinsic proofs of some cardinality results of Comfort and Robertson for pseudocompact topological groups—they had noted and used the fact that the Gδ‐expansion of such a group topology is Baire. In particular, these new proofs avoid the Weyl completion, which, in this context, is the Stone‐Čech compactification. The paper also contains an example of a topological group of smallest cardinality whose Gδ‐expansion is not Baire, as well as some related questions.


It is assumed that the observed dislocation velocity is the average velocity during the successive jumps, and that the jumping distances are large compared with the atomic spacing. The excitation probabilities for large jumps are calculated the forces on dislocation, in which the thermal effects are introduced as the fluctuation of the local shear stress. The dislocation velocity in otherwise perfect crystals of relatively large Peierls stress are obtained as the functions of applied stress and temperature.


The term "Spatial simultaneity" has been mentioned in painting with futurism style. The objective of present paper is to be acquainted with Visual Structure of "Spatial simultaneity" exhibition in aesthetic system of Persian painting comparing to Umberto Boccioni's paintings with futurism style. The main objective in present paper is to get recognition about similar and different aspects of two aesthetic systems of Persian Painting and Boccioni Painting which each of them displays spatial simultaneity in its visual structure, and also it is attempted to specify that the term "Spatial simultaneity" in Persian Painting does not involve sufficient accuracy. To realize the objectives of this paper, firstly the observation about the concept of space, time and place in outlook of Persian culture and its effects in Persian painting were considered, and then the concept of space in Ancient Greece and contemporary Europe and also its effect on European painting were considered. Thereafter, due to such a close relation between space and visual Representation of Nature, observation and recognition of perspective concept in aesthetic system of Persian and European painting were considered. Eventually, the concept and the way for "Spatial simultaneity" exhibition in Persian and Boccioni Paintings, and then comparison of concept and visual structure of spatial simultaneity in


Carbon and nitrogen sources were the essential nutrients of edible fungus growth.Under the liquid culture conditions,the effects of four carbon sources and four nitrogen sources on mycelium biomass,intracellular polysaccharides,extracellular protein content and extracellular enzyme activity of Agaricus bisporus were studied by single factor tests method in this paper.The results showed that the optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were soluble starch and cornstarch to mycelial dry weight.In terms of extracellular protein,glucose and peptone were the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources,sucrose and yeast powder were the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively to inducing peroxydase,amylase and polyphenol oxidase.The experiments fixed a basic to research on the nutrition of Agaricus bisporus,also provided a science evidence to select good medium in the produce process and utilize the metabolize outcome in deep liquid culture.


The commoditization of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) algorithms, and automated agents (AA) affords innovators and entrepreneurs myriad opportunities for the creative pursuit of new business endeavors. This abundance is, however, overwhelming, and no adequate methodology currently exists to identify and select what technologies to insert into existing systems or processes to create value. In particular, there is a lack of techniques that drive such decision-making towards desireability and utilization, two critical factors that entrepreneurs and innovators must diligently consider in their efforts. To bridge this gap, we propose the simple, human-centered "pareto analysis for technology insertion," or PATI, as an approach to identify and prioritize the insertion of AI, ML, or AA into complex systems. Through the application of PATI to the use case of aircraft maintenance, we demonstrate how this straightforward methodology yields artifacts that are both useful and comprehensive for most stakeholders in the innovation entrepreneurship ecosystem, thereby accelerating and making more resilient their creative pursuits.


Objective
To revise and evaluation the psychometric properties and usability of the Personal Meaning Profile Brief(PMP-B).

Methods
1 256 university students were measured by PMP-B, Purpose in Life (PIL) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and 234 university students were measured by Meaningful Life Measure (MLM).321 university students were measured by PMP-B twice at different time after four weeks to analyze the reliability and validity of PMP-B.

Results
The items discrimination indices were all above 0.4(r=0.470-0.833, P<0.01). The internal consistency reliability of PMP-B was 0.957, the split-half reliability was 0.936 and the test-retest reliability was 0.852. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the hypothesized seven-factor model of PMP-B (χ2/df=3.17, GFI=0.965, AGFI=0.947, RMR=0.042, NFI=0.977, CFI=0.982, RMSEA=0.042). The criterion correlations with PIL, MLM and SWLS were 0.710, 0.842 and 0.756 respectively (P<0.01). The PMP-B total score of the university students was (112.07±20.02), and female had high life meaning than male which was more positive in interpersonal relationship, life belief and self-acceptance.

Conclusion
The reliability and validity of PMP-B are favorable, it can assess people's life meaning from different sources.

Key words:
Meaning; Meaning in life; Personal meaning; Reliability; Validity


ABSTRACT We investigated the response to high CO2 of Chromera velia, a photosynthetic relative of apicomplexan parasites that is possibly involved in symbiotic associations with scleractinian corals. The inorganic C content in the proximity of the symbiotic algal cells within the tissues of scleractinians is disputed. According to some authors, it is very high. A higher C content in the endodermal tissues of scleractinians than in the external environment may have favoured the constitution of symbiosis with organisms such as Symbiodinium and Chromera that have a type II Rubisco, which is intrinsically ill suited to low CO2 environments. We thus cultured C. velia at the very high inorganic C estimated by some authors and assessed its growth and photosynthetic performance. We also evaluated whether these conditions affected C allocation and elemental stoichiometry in C. velia cells by state-of-the-art Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in combination with more traditional biochemical and physiological techniques. Our results demonstrated that C. velia was capable of coping with very high CO2, which even stimulated biomass production and increased N, P, Mn, Fe and Zn use efficiency. Growth at elevated CO2 changed the stoichiometric relationships among elements in C. velia cells, but had no effect on the relative abundance of the main organic pools. The high CO2 in the animal tissue surrounding the photosynthetic cells may therefore facilitate C. velia life in symbiosis.


Li2ZrO3-coated LiFePO4 (LFP@C/LZO) was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and ex-situ coating for the first time. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and charge-discharge tests were used to characterize lithium iron phosphate and the influences of different coating amounts on the material were systematically studied. The results show that when Li2ZrO3 is 2 wt%, LFP@C/LZO-2 exhibits excellent electrochemical performance where the initial discharge capacities are 156.7 mAh/g and 111 mAh/g at 0.1 C and 1 C, respectively. And after 200 cycles at 1 C, the capacity can retain 81.62% of the initial value. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that the introduction of Li2ZrO3 can decrease the charge transfer resistance and improve the lithium-ion diffusion rate. The study reveals a moderate amount of Li2ZrO3 can helpfully enhance the electrochemical properties of LFP and broadens options for surface coating of LFP and other electrode materials.


Although sufficient data-based evidence is often lacking, experts agree that trafficking in persons, also referred to as "the new slave trade," has significantly increased in recent years. Nevertheless as the extent of the problem is difficult to assess, there is still a lack of awareness in both countries of origin and destination. Trafficking in persons means, according to the definition provided by the United Nations, "[...] the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation." There exists general agreement that adequate steps have to be taken to combat this growing crime at the national, bilateral and multilateral level. Consequently, several declarations of intent have been issued, and national, regional and international programs have followed. Most of these strategies, however, address the problem in terms of its observable effects rather than trying to eliminate the underlying root causes.


The cavitation inception (and desinent) angles at given cavitation numbers, the velocity distribution, and the resulting pressure coefficient, together with the sheet cavity lengths developing on a hydrofoil surface, have been investigated experimentally for a Reynolds number ranging between 0.4x10 6 and 1.2x10 6 . It is shown that the cavitation inception (and desinent) angle decreases progressively when the Reynolds number increases and tends to be close to the theoretical (inviscid) value when the Reynolds number is larger than 0.8x10 6 . The magnitude and the position of the minimum surface pressure coefficient, inferred from the velocity distribution measured at the leading edge, were shown to be dependent upon the Reynolds number as well. An investigation of the cavitating flow velocity field upstream of the cavity and on the cavity surface showed that the pressure in the cavity was very close to the vapor pressure. The detachment location of the cavity was found to occur very close to the leading edge (at about one hundredth of the foil chord for both Re=0.4x10 6 and Re=0.8x10 6 ). The length cavities measured from flow visualizations exhibited a sudden change for a Reynolds number passing from 0.7x10 6 to 0.8x10 6 with a given angle of incidence (α=6 deg) and cavitation number (σ=1.3). Photographs of the sheet cavity show that the cavity length can be inferred also from the extent of the region for which the pressure coefficient is close to the cavitation number. It was shown to have the values l/c≃0.03 for Re=0.4x10 6 and l/c≃0.06 for Re=0.8x10 6 and a=1.8 with the latter value very close to the value obtained from flow visualizations. Photographs of the cavity show that the increase of the cavity length is coupled to the migration, towards the leading edge, of a transition point on the cavity surface when the Reynolds number increases.


As Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) become more widely used, there is a growing need for safer flight control software that allows UAVs to understand and autonomously react to various flight anomalies. Decision-making software should allow the aircraft to perform tasks such as detection and avoidance, as well as respond to critical failures mid-flight, without input from a human operator. This paper develops a ground impact and hazard mitigation (GIHM) decision-making module that integrates the following: (1) consideration of engine and control surface failure flight modes, (2) generation of feasible ground impact footprints based on glide equations, (3) selection of safest response ground impact sites based on a high resolution LandScan USA population dataset, and (4) controlled descent to a selected site. For a sample population distribution, integration of GIHM with standard UAV flight software shows a reduction of 23.014 casualties per 100,000 flight hours compared to the flight software without GIHM. A 97.5% reduction in fatalities per flight hour resulted from incorporating this module, which brings UAVs closer to being safe enough to be integrated into the National Airspace System (NAS).


Abstract : In the design of high-speed hydrofoil craft in tended for operation in rough ocean waves, controllable submerged hydrofoils are normally attached to the hull through systems of surface piercing struts. The studies described were initiated to obtain information on the inter ference effects of the submerged finite aspect ratio hydrofoil on the surface-piercing strut. A model of a single strut to which the hydrofoils of several aspect ratios were attached perpendicu larly was used in the experiment. The presence of the submerged hydrofoil with zero attack angle increased the side force on the strut by approximately 15%. The submerged hydrofoil also increased the drag of the strut and the roll moment of the strut-foil system. As the hydro foil attack angle increased, the increments of side force, drag and roll moment decreased. Recommendations are given for further study of the forces and moment equilibrium and structural considerations of the hydrofoil strut system with controllable lift surfaces during maneuvering operation of the craft. (Author)


The dynamic reliability models of mechanical components with the failure mode of fatigue are mainly based on the linear damage accumulation theory, which is also called the Miner's rule. But the Miner's rule has some drawbacks and results in the disagreement between the predicted and experimental value. In this paper, a dynamic reliability model is presented based on a nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation model. First, a modified nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation model based on the Manson–Halford theory is proposed, which considers not only the effect of load sequence but also the influence of load interaction. Some sets of experimental data are used to verify the proposed nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation model under two-stress level loading and multilevel staged loading. The results show that the proposed method has a better agreement between the experimental data and predicted values than the Miner's rule. Then, based on the modified nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation model, the dynamic reliability model is presented. The data obtained by this dynamic reliability model are compared with Monte Carlo results, and it shows good agreement with Monte Carlo results.


In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the sensed data of each node are usually gathered through a data collection tree rooted at the sink node. The data collection tree generated randomly usually does not have the longest network lifetime. How to prolong the network lifetime is one of the main challenges in WSNs. In this paper, we propose a switching algorithm with prediction strategy (SAPS) to enhance the lifetime of WSNs through reducing the load of the node with the highest load by switching its descendants. In SAPS, the shortest path to the sink is chosen for each switched node to ensure that the routing tree is shortest, thus reducing the delay and energy expenditure of data collection. Furthermore, a prediction strategy which ensures that the highest load in the network decreases in each switching is developed to guarantee high efficiency and fast convergence of the algorithm. A distributed version of our algorithm, called DSAPS, is also designed. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithms outperform existing methods in terms of network lifetime, maximum level of the routing tree, energy expenditure of switching, energy expenditure of data collection in each round, and rate of convergence.


There is a prevailing uncertainty with respect to the assessment of the notion of the 'expected answer' to a conducive yes-no question. In order to clarify this notion the rather complex interrelationships between the speaker's old and new assumptions, the form of the question and the answer are discussed at some length. The analysis of different types of negative (and positive) yes—no question leads to the distinction between (a) the answer which the speaker expects the hearer to give and which he either does or does not desire and (b) what is called the expectable answer which the question itself points to. No precise statement may be made as to the expected answer. What is decisive for the prediction of the expectable answer to a conducive yes-no question is the (polarity of the) speaker's assumption that led to the question, with which the hearer is expected to agree. There is no direct relationship between the expectable answer to a conductive yes-no question and the polarity of the sentence form. Of the two possible answers the expectable answer is the agreeing answer, and according to the type of question and the polarity of the assumption expressed this means either yes or no. To shed some light on the relation between conduciveness and negation two proposals are mentioned in the final paragraph, both of which look upon negative conducive yes-no questions as kinds of so-called indirect speech acts. An analysis of non-referential noun phrases in Russian (contrasted with those of Italian), and of the role in these of determination and quantification. Indefinite referential markers (such as odun, KaKou-mo) are contrasted with markers of non-referentiality (especially KaKou-Hu6ydb). The latter is analysed as a quantifier, and it is shown that the same distinction of referentiality applies also to other quantifiers. 'Non-referentiality' is seen as indicating the speaker's indifference to the question of which particular member of a set is at issue. This feature can be extended from a quantitative one to a purely qualitative (negative) evaluation of an object. [Many Russian examples.] given current work on word frequencies in British and American English being carried out University the Norwegian Computing the Humanities and various England, the United States and Sweden. Three major corpora of modern English texts are available: the Brown corpus of printed American English (about 1,000,000 words); matching British English material, the Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen (LOB) corpus; and the London-Lund corpus of educated spoken British English (87 texts of about 5,000 words). The examples given are based on a comparison of the Brown corpus and the LOB corpus. They cover differences in spelling, word-form, grammar and style, and vocabulary. The examples in the latter area reflect cultural differences rather than alternative labels, for example, male forms are more frequent in the American material and female forms in the British material. Both corpora show a higher frequency for. man than for she and


For the bitumen-filler combined binder, the influence of filler-bitumen ratio on the high (temperature), low temperature and fatigue performance was analysed. For the asphalt mixture, the effects of filler-bitumen ratio on the performance of high temperature stability, low temperature anti-cracking, (moisture) stability and fatigue were compared too. The range of filler-bitumen ratio was recommended through tests. For continuous dense graded mixture, the value could be from 0.8 to 1.6.


The coprecipitation precursors with nominal composition of xFe+BaFe12O19(0≤x≤1,Δx=0.2) were prepared by chemical coprecipitation process.The crystallization behavior of the precursor under the spark plasma sintering(SPS) conditions and the magnetic properties of the SPS samples were investigated.The results show that the crystallization of intermediate such as Fe2O3 did not occur in all the SPS samples.The SPS samples for 0x0.8 were composed of M-type barium hexaferrite(BaM),Fe3O4 and Ba2Fe14O22(Fe2Y) and for 0.8≤x≤1.0 were composed of Fe3O4 and Fe2Y,though the SPS sample for x=0 was composed of single-phase BaM.BaM gradually reduced and Fe3O4 and Fe2Y gradually increased as the x increased.Needle Fe2Y mainly occurred in the interface area between Fe3O4 and BaM.However,Fe2Y and Fe3O4 are randomly distributed in these samples without BaM.The saturation magnetization first reduced significantly and remained almost constant,finally remarkably decreased again and then slightly increased.This accorded with the evolution characteristics of the phase composition of the SPS samples with the increase of x.The coercivity first increased significantly and then decreased slightly with the increase of x,which was attributed to the corresponding increases in the content of Fe3O4 and Fe2Y,the reduction in the content of BaM,and the growth of Fe3O4 and Fe2Y.


The purpose of this research was to determine the most selective mesh size of gillnet fishing gear for Pampus argenteus in coastal waters of Pangandaran Regency, West Java. Research on the selectivity of gillnet fishing gear was carried out in the coastal waters of Pangandaran, West Java Province, from August 2018 to January 2019. The method used in this research is experimental fishing, namely operating gillnet fishing gear directly in the fishing area with fishermen. The primary data collected was the measurement of the catch (fish weight, number, fork length, how the fish was caught, circumference (girth opercullum, maximum body girth). Meanwhile, the secondary data collected were supporting data from the Pangandaran District Fisheries and Marine Service, and literature study. In determining the sampling, the method used is the purposive sampling method. The operation of gillnets using 4.5 inches obtained a higher proportion of main catch (75%) than gillnets with a mesh size of 5 inches (44%). Gillnet with a mesh size of 4.5 inches, the silver pomfret caught was distributed between 17-22 cm in size with the highest mode in the 19 cm fork length. Unlike the gillnet fishing gear with a mesh size of 5 inches, the silver pomfret caught was distributed in the fork length range of 17-25 cm with the highest mode in the length class 19 cm fork length. mesh size 4.5 inches has a hanging ratio value of 0.51. Meanwhile, the 5 inch mesh size has a hanging ratio value of 0.54. Based on the length distribution, gillnets with a mesh size of 5 inches were more dominant in catching silver pomfret in a larger size class interval than gillnets with a mesh size of 4,5 inches. Based on the L50 value, both selective gillnets caught more fish at 50% second chance. The selectivity curve shows that gillnet fishing gear with a mesh size of 5 inches has more selective results than gillnets with a mesh size of 4.5 inches.


Regarding teen pregnancy and schools, the law makes it simple: Educators must treat soon-to-be moms and dads or school-aged parents the same as other students. Most prominently, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 forbids pregnancy discrimination. While most people associate Title IX with sports equity, the law is much broader. It prohibits public schools and colleges from treating female students differently based on sex. Pregnancy falls naturally within its protections.


Product design is no longer solely driven by functionality. Usability and pleasure increasingly determine the success of a product. To address these emerging consumer needs, design literature offers various tools and methods for engaging end-users in the early phases of the design process. The study presented in this paper compares the state of the art in literature to design practice, represented by four different companies. During four separate studies the authors conducted extensive interviews throughout the companies to identify various user engagement methods, related challenges and pitfalls. The methods have been categorised according to the medium through which users provide information, namely what users say, what users do and what users make.
 The result of this categorisation shows that companies primarily involve users by finding out what users say, using interviews and surveys. Only few occurrences of the other two categories were found. We identified the company culture as one of the limiting factors for engaging users in the design process. Companies prefer to rely on experience rather than end-user input, or in some cases simply do not acknowledge the importance of user engagement. Another limiting factor is the lack of awareness and knowledge regarding user engagement; companies do not know when to use which method or how to integrate the generated output in their design process. External factors, such as concerns about confidentiality of the new ideas and client-company relation are other factors that hinder the engagement of users in the early phases of the design process. The paper concludes with a set of opportunities that can be addressed to improve user engagement in the early stages of the design process.


SIGNIFICANCE
The course of over-elevation in adduction after strabismus surgery has been evaluated in a small number of research in the literature, we believe our study is the first to report the results in a specific group of esotropia (ET) patients.

AIM
To report the course of postoperative over-elevation in adduction in patients who underwent surgery for horizontal deviation on the medial recti in partially accommodative ET.

METHODS
The medical charts of patients who had partially accommodative ET with over-elevation in adduction were reviewed retrospectively. A scale from -4 to +4 was used to grade the oblique muscle function. Among these, 17 patients who were operated solely on the horizontal rectus muscles were identified. The primary outcome measure was the degree of improvement in over-elevation in adduction after medial rectus surgery.

RESULTS
Nine (52.9%) of the 17 patients (mean age: 5.18 ± 2.24 months) were males and 8 (47.1%) were females. The mean follow-up period was 17.06 ± 15.32 months. Overall, 15 patients (88.2%) achieved surgical success. The mean inferior oblique overaction was found 1.44 ± 0.56 preoperatively and the final postoperative mean inferior oblique overaction was 0.53 ± 0.51 (P = 0.001). Postoperative over-elevation in adduction after 3 months was significantly decreased compared to the preoperative value (P = 0.003, P = 0.001, P = 0.001 at 3rd and 6th months and final visits respectively).

CONCLUSION
Over-elevation in adduction accompanying partially refractive accommodative ET seems to regress after medial rectus weakening surgery. This finding should be considered in the presurgical evaluation of these patients.


Effect of APP,boracic acid and the mixture on combustion performance of epoxy resin(EP)was studied by CONE calorimetry analysis.The results showed that:with the addition of APP,the total heat release of epoxy resin decreased by 37 % to 27.3MJ/m2 and its smoke production rate decreased by 49 % to 2 243 m2/m2 at 495 s.Pyrogenation of epoxy resin was delayed with boracic acid addition,so that the release of soot and poisonous gas slowed up.There was synergistic effect of fire retardants between APP and boracic acid,APP catalyzed epoxy resin into carbon in the early stage of experiment and boracic acid reduced the total heat release in the later stage of the experiment.


fter the first round of the Russian presidential election last summer, exit polling was conducted in which Russian voters were asked, among other things, what was the most important issue in their vote decision. Their answer might surprise those of us whose primary source of news about Russia is the Western media. For most Russian voters, it was not Boris Yeltsin's health, or the war in Chechnya, or the growth of "mafia" influence that determined their choice for president. The single most important issue for a plurality of voters surveyed was something closer to home: the timely payment of their wages and pensions.1 These Russian voters, like people anywhere in the world, were responding to a simple truth: nothing else matters much if you aren't getting paid what you are owed. When Leonid Brezhnev ruled the Soviet Union, there was a popular saying that captured the cynicism engendered by the socialist economy: "They pretend to pay us, and we pretend to work!" Today, this old saying has taken on a new and literal meaning. Non-payment of wages (usually referred to as "wage arrears") is endemic throughout Russia and the rest of the former Soviet Union and has been for the past several years. Although the length of payment delays varies from country to country and from workplace to workplace, it is fair to say that waiting to be paid overdue wages is a common experience for a majority of people in the region. The average Russian, Ukrainian, or Kazak worker is owed at least one month back pay, but some employers have not paid wages in half a year or more. Wage arrears have become such an established fact of life in these countries that it takes a dramatic event to draw attention to it. Last June, for example, less than a week before the Russian election, 5,000 nuclear industry workers in the formerly closed Urals city of Snezhnisk held a demonstration to protest the fact that they had not been paid since January and were owed 35 billion rubles ($7 million). Participants warned that if their demands to be paid were not met, the joint U.S.Russian program to destroy nuclear weapons could be placed in jeopardy. A


This book is a delight. When a volume entitled Clinical Endocrinology I , was published in 1960, with E. B. Astwood as editor, the use of the Roman numeral implied that the book was the beginning of a series. This meant something to look forward to, for Clinical Endocrinology I had a special flavor not to be found in specialized textbooks. The editors of the second volume point out, with pride which is certainly pardonable, that "copies of the former... are to be found in tatters on the shelves of libraries." We checked our own copy and, sure enough, it was indeed in tatters. This could indicate simply a poor job of book-making by Messrs. Grune and Stratton. Much more likely, it reflects the genuine and lasting usefulness of the book. Clinical Endocrinology II more than matches the expectations which have accumulated in the intervening eight years. Like its predecessor, it


A behavioral analysis of the consequences of physical appearance on social behavior was undertaken with the view that physical attractiveness operates as a stimulus control variable by occasioning differential interpersonal reinforcement. Fifty-six males were requested to role-play an interaction with the taped performance of a young woman. Video-taped performances were presented under two conditions, attractive and unattractive, to Ss instructed to translate their enacted social responses into "button-presses." The audio portions of these tapes were presented alone to two additional groups of Ss and no differences attributable to voice quality or speech content were observed. The attractive appearance evoked more social reinforcement and enhanced cognitive-evaluative ratings of calmness, popularity, and friendship desirability.


Abstract First, the dissolution of water into different types of oxides is discussed, including the influence of the water pressure and the oxygen activity. Then the transport of water, i.e. of hydrogen–containing species, in such oxides and its dependence on the water pressure and the oxygen activity is analyzed. Hydrogen–containing species of relevance in this context are water molecules, protons and OH groups. Crystalline and amorphous oxides are considered. Following these more general discussions, some specific experimental observations on the solution and the transport of water and hydrogen–related species in oxides are reviewed and discussed. These observations were made by members of different scientific communities, i.e. by earth scientists, glass scientists, solid state electrochemists, etc. Finally, a few possible consequences of the observations made and of conclusions drawn from them for the high temperature oxidation of alloys in water–containing atmospheres are discussed.


New student orientation has been considered to play an important and special role during the academic transition and help students adapt to their new environment.With an analysis of problems and shortcomings in graduate orientation in China and inspirations from related studies in the U.S.,we propose that a complete system of graduate orientation studies be established,specialized education modules and academic norms developed,and orientation evaluation and feedback mechanisms improved.


The Article deals with the principal problem of social and educational activity of the penitentiary system. The matter of activity of specialists, working in social educational and penitentiary Institutions, nowadays and with in the framework of criminal executive code in Russian Federation till 2020, determines modern competent approaches of professional training of Masters for working in the penitentiary Institutions.


Abstract There has been considerable discussion recently about the level of assessment literacy among teachers. However, few studies have involved the collection of direct evidence from teachers. This study followed a group of elementary preservice teachers from just before their assessment course through the completion of student teaching. Data sources included a pre‐instruction assessment journal, a self‐reflection assessment journal kept during student teaching, copies of all assessments used while teaching, and an individualized semi‐structured interview at the completion of student teaching. The following areas of concern were noted: grading, particularly for report cards; dealing with difficult parents at conferences; dealing with the pressures of mandated standardized testing; and working with cooperating teachers whose assessment philosophies and practices differ from those of the student teachers. Variations of the assessment course are suggested through several possible arrangements: as part of ...


Transcranial magnetic stimulation may paradoxically improve performance by adding noise to a neural system. This paper presents a connectionist model of this effect.


Model predictive direct power control (MPDPC) has been proposed as an effective alternative to conventional direct power control for pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) rectifiers. However, the sampling frequency of MPDPC still has to be high to achieve satisfactory performance. Furthermore, the grid currents of MPDPC would become highly distorted under unbalanced network conditions. To cope with the problems above, this paper proposes an improved MPDPC for PWM rectifiers, which is able to operate under both balanced and unbalanced grid voltages. By using a new definition of instantaneous reactive power in the predefined cost function, the proposed MPDPC can obtain sinusoidal grid currents and eliminate twice grid-frequency oscillation in both active power and the new reactive power. Neither complicated positive/negative-sequence extraction of grid voltage/current nor power compensation is required. Depending on the desired performance, two variants of the improved MPDPC are proposed and comparatively studied. At the same sampling frequency, the first approach achieves relatively low switching frequency, whereas the second approach obtains lower power ripples. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods.


A new genus and species of Pugicliiclae, found in Las Bayas, Rio Negro Province, Argentfi'la, is described. Las Bayas is a component of the 'Serie Andesitica', called Cautivalitimse by Suero, of Eocene age; it is correlated with the tertiary tuffs of El Mirador (Chubut). By its opercule and interopercule thorny this specimen is a Pygicliidae, but it differs from all known living genera by the presence of three very developed rays, not divided·, and by the thorny aspect in the dorsal fin. On the other hand, some similarities with the Pime- locliclae indicate that this new genus is likely to be near the ancestral. stock 6£ both families, and that their differentiation took. place probably during pretertiary times.


This paper presents theoretical modelling of the sound transmission loss through double-leaf lightweight partitions stiffened with periodically placed studs. First, by assuming that the effect of the studs can be replaced with elastic springs uniformly distributed between the sheathing panels, a simple smeared model is established. Second, periodic structure theory is used to develop a more accurate model taking account of the discrete placing of the studs. Both models treat incident sound waves in the horizontal plane only, for simplicity. The predictions of the two models are compared, to reveal the physical mechanisms determining sound transmission. The smeared model predicts relatively simple behaviour, in which the only conspicuous features are associated with coincidence effects with the two types of structural wave allowed by the partition model, and internal resonances of the air between the panels. In the periodic model, many more features are evident, associated with the structure of passand stop-bands for structural waves in the partition. The models are used to explain the effects of incidence angle and of the various system parameters. The predictions are compared with existing test data for steel plates with wooden stiffeners, and good agreement is obtained. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. see front matter r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. jsv.2004.10.020 ding author. Tel.: +44 1223 766316; fax: +44 1223 332662. ress: firstname.lastname@example.com (T.J. Lu).


Internal audit is an effective independent activity within a pharmaceutical industry quality management system. It ensures a thorough analyses and evaluation of the company activities and helps prevent, predict and detect mistakes and weaknesses in order to minimize losses. Internal audits help the organization achieve its goals and ensures all the involved parties that a program complies with regulatory and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) requirements. A successful audit, is carried out by quality auditor or audit team members, chosen carefully and properly trained. The auditor should gain as much information in advance before the auditing process begins that should help him to design tools useful in achieving the desired results. There are several sections recommended to be included in the GMP audit checklist: Quality management, Personnel, Facility and Equipment System, Documentation, Production System, Packaging and Labelling System, Storage System, and Laboratory Control System. A quality management system (QMS) is a formalized collection of processes, procedures, and documented policies, therefore the auditor looks to find out if the system complies with GMP requirements. As for the personnel, GMP audit checklist cover all the necessary procedures to ensure that the organization's hiring and supervising practices are in compliance to GMP requirements, such as competences, trainings, dressing, and hygiene of the employees. Documentation ensures traceability of all development, manufacturing and testing activities, so the auditor needs to verify major types of documents that should be kept and recorded. The checklist includes questions addressing review of the layout, construction, size, location of the facility and main areas such as production area, storage, and laboratory, as well as the installation, operation, instructions, maintenance and cleaning of the equipment used in the manufacture. The production and process audit checklist include organization's various stages of manufacturing such as weighing or measuring of raw materials, appropriate storage conditions for intermediates, In-Process sampling and controls, contamination control, process validation. Checklist points for internal audit of Packaging and Labelling System include elements ensuring the security and quality of packaging and as well elements that relate to labelling such as documentation, storage of starting materials and finished products, packaging and labelling operations. Internal auditing of storage system should prevent occurrence of mix-ups, damage, physical, chemical or microbial contamination. As for the Laboratory Control System, the GMP checklist questions aim to ensure that pharmaceutical products meet safety, efficacy, purity, and stability standards. The checklist is a good and critical tool to assist in conducting an in-depth and consistent audit and will serve as guideline for evaluation of compliance to standards and documentation, as well as for the effectiveness of the audited process.


People with disability are sexual beings and deserve access to information and protection of their sexual rights. The range of intellectual, physical, and emotional capability in people with disability requires a multimodal approach to facilitating learning in regard to sexuality and sexual activity.

Keywords:

disability;
sexual dysfunction;
sexual rights


Heterophase interfaces are characterized with respect to atomic‐scale local compositions in two α‐Fe‐based alloy systems by three‐dimensional atom probe microscopy. The proximity histogram method is utilized for determining the compositions of the precipitates, the matrix phase and the Gibbsian interfacial excess of solute. Suitable methods to measure segregation in multicomponent systems at heterophase interfaces independent of the position of the dividing interface are discussed. Very little Sb segregates to the heterophase interface between coherent plate‐shaped moybdenum nitride precipitates, which are <1 nm thick, and the α‐Fe matrix: the relative interfacial excess of Sb is only 0.12 ± 0.1 nm−2. This is in sharp contrast to the interfacial excess of 7 ± 3 nm−2 for molybdenum nitride plates that have grown to 2–10 nm thick (or 20–30 nm in diameter for spheroidal precipitates) with a semicoherent interface with misfit dislocations, as reported earlier. Small coherent Cu‐rich precipitates with a metastable bcc structure in an α‐Fe matrix exhibit interfacial segregation of Ni and Mn at their interfaces with excesses of 1.47 ± 0.43 and 0.95 ± 0.31 nm−2, respectively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) will bring great challenges to the secure and economic operation of distribution networks. On the other hand, coordinated charging of EVs can alleviate the adverse impacts of charging loads and even increase the efficiency of distribution network operation. This paper aims at optimally scheduling the daily charging of EVs and the daily on/off switching of shunt capacitors to minimize the total active power losses. We formulate a mixed integer second-order cone programming (MI- SOCP) model for this scheduling problem considering the distribution network security constraints. Case study results show that coordinated charging of EVs with reactive power optimization can effectively reduce the active power losses and improve the nodal voltage profiles.


People's pursuit of higher quality communication has never ceased, which challenges the layout of 5G networks. Physical-layer network coding (PNC), as a key technology for 5G, supplies a powerful platform through leveraging the broadcast nature of wireless media. However, the symbol error rate (SER) of PNC is not well investigated, which would seriously influence user's quality of experience due to packet loss in wireless environment. In this paper, considering both phase and symbol misalignments, we perform analysis on SER of asynchronous PNC. By assuming part of information is known to the relay, and we derive the lower bound for SER. Afterward, through applying the concept of error vector and eliminating redundant terms, we derive the upper bound for SER. Both the lower and upper bounds are applicable to either multiuser detection-based network coding or belief propagation-based maximum a posteriori decoding. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation verifies our results and demonstrates that the bounds are relatively tight. The analytical results derived in this paper can facilitate future studies of practical and theoretical issues on PNC.


Veteran Bantara University has been implemented a website which includes an academic information system. It aims that all the students' can access the information by online anytime and anywhere. This website-based academic information system implemented by Veteran Bantara University has been upgrade in 2019. By this condition, all the students can use the new system conveniently. According to this problem, it needs to analyze the behavior of users of the new academic information system using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The purpose of this research is to analyze the behavior of website users at veteran Bantara University using the technology acceptance model method. The methodology analysis the researcher uses Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis and it develops an application to test the technology acceptance model method with the PHP programming language. The result of this result showed that there are five from six hypothesizes which have significant positive effect on the dependent variable with an effect value of 0,653 (65,3%), 0,447 (44,7%), 0,677 (67,7%), 0,520 (52,0%), 0,605 (60,5%) and the other shows significant negative effect on the value of 0,170 (17,0%).


One of the applied methods of symmetric ciphers investigations is cryptanalysis that uses the SAT problem. In this case, cipher testing starts with encoding the cipher's algorithm into a propositional Boolean formula. Then chosen randomly plaintext and cryptographic key are also encoded as formulas. Specialized to solve the SAT problem programs called SAT solvers can count the values of encrypted text for such input data. The final cipher analysis consists of providing the SAT solver with encoding formulas: plaintext and ciphertext. With such data, the SAT solver calculates the key value, i.e. performs cryptanalysis of the cipher with plaintext and ciphertext. In this work, we examine how SAT techniques behave for certain limited versions of the DES cipher and various types of S-boxes. To get the best result, we compared many, selected SAT solvers.


Initially thought as a product for women, soap operas have changed over the years and have achieved men as a consumer public. One aspect of this change can be seen in merchandising (visual and social). Thus, the electronic serials contribute to the visualization, construction, maintenance and redefinition of the "being a man" and the masculinities in contemporary, playing an important role as source of knowledge for the majority of the population, triggering images and experiences. To discuss the relationship between masculinity and Brazilian soap opera, was conducted interviews with five women and eleven men, whose ages were between 18 and 30 years old. The objective of the research was to understand the relationship that men and women from Belem, Para, have with electronic serials, as well as what representations of masculinity they identify in Brazilian soap operas today. It will be possible to see a change in the male types that are aired currently. However, the profile recurrently identified is still the heterosexual one, marked by virility, despite new characters related to the metrosexual mode of being and homosexuality that occupy more and more spaces and are remembered by the interlocutors.
Keywords: Masculinities; Brazilian soap operas; Representation


A comprehensive examination of stonefly material from South Korea resulted in the recognition of three species from the wingless stonefly family Scopuridae: Scopura gaya sp. n, S. laminata Uchida (♂ and ♀ previously unknown), and S. scorea sp. n. Descriptions of all life stages with macro-photos of the key characters are provided. Differential diagnoses, distributional, habitat, and ecological notes, along with taxonomic remarks, are also provided.


The clinical course of 76 patients with aortic aneurysmal disease undergoing 107 coincidental surgical procedures was analysed in order to examine the relationship between aortic aneurysmal rupture and coincidental treatment. Additionally the Incidence of aneurysmal rupture was assessed following 82 endoscopicprocedures in 42 patients with aortic aneurysms. Two patients ruptured an aortic aneurysm after operation, one after colonoscopy (maximal transverse diameter 7 ern) and one after coronary artery bypass grafting (maximal transverse diameter 5.6ern). The mean maximal transverse diameter of aneurysms in 76 patients was 5.08cm (95% confidence interval 4.7-5.4cm). Both patients with ruptured aortic aneurysms were outside these confidence limits and were known hypertensives whose perioperative control of hypertension was questionable. The present series of patients is discussed with reference to induction of collagenase activity as a precipitating cause for postoperative rupture of aortic aneurysms. perioperative control of hypertension. transverse aneurysm diameter as a predictor of postoperative rupture and conduct of coincidental procedures in the presence of aneurysmal disease.


This article searches to nuance the enfranchisement of suffrage in Chile, through a compared characterization of Chilean electorate between 1869 and 1881. Focusing on official Population s census information, electoral census and the originals files of the electoral registry of Coquimbo and Coelemu department, we achieved to identify some mayor failures. Some of them can be explained by the particular characteristics of each territory. This evidence contradicts the supposed enfranchisement of male universal suffrage during the final quarter of the nineteenth century. Keywords: Enfranchise – Chile – Voter Registration – Universal Suffrage – Electoral History – 19th century


Objective To evaluate the application of decalcifying mandible allografts to reconstruct the mandibule defects. Methods Homologous decalcifying mandible was made according to Urist's fixation to ensure the stability of thd decalcifying mandible Results 14 out of 16 cases succeeded. Severe topic inflammation happened 3~5 days postoperatively which disappeared 7~10 days later, The boundary layer between the graft and the host bone was obscure where osseous callus was found through x ray radiography. Facial contour, movement of mandible and occlusion as well as the open bite degree restored.Conclusion The homologous decalcifying mandible has good convenient plasticity, strong pressure resistance power and fine osteoinductive activity. Hence, it is an ideal surrogate to reconstructing the defects of mandible.


The present invention discloses a liquid crystal display driver and a driving method, the drive comprising: a first register for registering changes in the X-direction address and X-direction address mode changes in steps; a second register for registering the address in the Y direction by Save mode and changes in the Y-direction address step; and a drive controller for setting the X-direction and the head sequence data obtained from the first address register mode changes in the X direction and the address step size increases or decreases and / or from the second register increase or decrease in the Y-direction address acquisition mode and the Y-direction address calculating increasing or decreasing the step size required to drive the address, and drives the liquid crystal display according to the calculated address. Wherein the head sequence data includes: X direction starting point data, the start point data in the Y direction, X direction, the end point data, end point data and the Y direction. Implementation of the invention is simple, flexible, and able to achieve a variety of screen refresh can be realized using the vertical screen.


An approach is presented that unifies the description of the various existing RF and microwave discharges. It is based on two essential facts: (i) it is not the spatial distribution of the high frequency (HF) electric field intensity but its spatial average that plays in the power transfer to the plasma; (ii) the power θ required to maintain an electron in the discharge is governed by charged particle losses, which are independent of the HF E‐field. This enables one to model separately the maintenance processes of HF discharges and the electrodynamic properties of HF circuits sustaining the plasma, although the discharge and the HF field are actually coupled self‐consistently. The influence of the field frequency on the properties of these plasmas is also summarized.


Abstract Recent fieldwork in the Tropic Shale of southern Utah has resulted in the recovery of two new specimens of the short-necked pliosaurid Brachauchenius lucasi Williston, 1903. Both specimens were recovered in Lower Turonian strata a few meters above the Cenomanian-Turonian Stage boundary as determined from molluscan assemblages found in direct association, and both include skull material. The larger of the two also includes pectoral and pelvic elements previously unknown for this taxon. These specimens represent the first records of B. lucasi from the western margin of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway; previously recorded specimens were recovered in Kansas and Texas. The Cenomanian through middle Turonian temporal range of B. lucasi, in addition to its geographic range across the seaway, indicates that this taxon suffered few, if any, negative consequences as a result of global scale oceanographic events, including marine extinctions, that transpired during late Cenomanian-early Turonian time.


In this work the structure and the mechanism of the flame propagation in gas dust and dust-gas mixtures near the flammability limit was studied. Experiments were conducted mainly in a rectangular duot of dimensions 0,035 x 0,088 m 2 and in length 1,2 m. Interferometrio cinematography as well as direct frame, streak and compensation photography were used for this study. Temperature measurements with a resistance thermometer were also conducted. Lignite dust were used in tests and in hybrid mixtures technical me theme was used as the gaseous fuel. It was found that dust and dust-gas flames under the same testing conditions have a very different structure than gas flames. The simplified model of flame propagation in dust-air mixtures at conditions close to the lean limit is presented on the basis of the conducted experiments.


MOMo (MaBel's Organization Model) is part of MaBel (Manager Beliefs), a project that analyzes the so-calied Subjective Organizational Theories (SOT) of managers. Providing a dynamic environment by means of a Simulation model, MOMo allows to explore the postulated action-driving function of SOT and to investigate on the effects of the interactions between management actions and behavior of subordinates within the Organization over a period of time and with respect to economical and organizational restrictions. Using knowledge based techniques and methods of Cognitive Science a theoretical foundation for a Simulation model has been developped and a pilot model implemented. The model is based on a case-study in organizational psychology; the KEE and SimKit Systems provided the environment for model construction. The model consists of a technical component (enterprise and plant) and a psycho-social component (the members of the Organisation). Duringthe event-driven Simulation the members of the Organization perceive the physical Situation through a "cognitive filtef, and their actions in turn, affect their physical environment. The modelling of the psycho-social component, the representation of members of the Organization and their behaviour is crucial. People have properties such as age, profession, qualification, skill and hold various attitudes such as motivation, interest and loyality. Within the Organization they assume different roles (as an individual, an employee, a member of the group, a professional). People in MOMo behave according to predefined patterns and sequences ofactions, which take into account the individual's goals and beliefs as well as the current State of the Situation. Thus the behaviour of the actors in the model is based on their own representation of other objects in the organizational environment; this reflexive modelling technique increases the psychological validity of the model. The model represents an active system, which communicates with the outside world on one hand by providing Output such as Status reports and behavior of model actors and on the other hand by asking input from the user (decisions, initial values). The explicit representation of knowledge in the system provides an elaborate facility for modelling and analyzing dynamic modeis and increases the ability to communicate with the user. The reflexive modelling technique serves not only to process external manipulation based on context, but also to process when no manipulation has taken place but was expected by the actors of the model.


In this paper, we present two approaches of the image texture pretreatment. The reason behind it is to reduce the number of the grey level in the image, by assigning to each pixel a value that characterizes the local information of the neighborhood of this same pixel. This coding process will allow us to reduce the size of the co-occurrence matrix and also minimize the extraction time of Haralick features. We compare these pretreatment approaches by applying them on our unsupervised segmentation method of the image texture, which is based on both Kohonen maps and mathematical morphology. Our comparative study covers the results obtained by each pretreatment approach taking into consideration the execution time and the error rate.


Defining conditions are obtained under which a binary confounder will nullify (render spuri- ous) or reverse an association between binary variables when using a non-interactive (NI) linear OLS regres- sion model. These defining conditions are used to de- rive necessary conditions for NI spuriosity and reversal. These necessary conditions include generalizations of those obtained by Cornfield and Gastwirth. Cornfield's "no effect" condition for spuriosity is found to be a spe- cial case of NI spuriosity. The reversal which occurs in Simpson's paradox is found to be a special case of NI reversal. Simple tests are obtained to infer whether an association will be increased, decreased or reversed af- ter controlling for a confounder. 1. BACKGROUND This paper deals with confounder-induced spurios- ity. 1 An association between two variables is con- founded by a third if the third has an influence on their association. An association is spurious - of no effect - if it vanishes after taking a confounder into account. Let E be a binary effect and let A and B be binary pre- dictors. The goal of this paper is to identify the condi- tions when the association between A and E becomes spurious or reverses (changes sign) after taking into ac- count a confounder, B, using a non-interactive model.


Introduction: The sicknesses transmitted by foods appear annually in Costa Rica. They are usually studied until the etiologic agent is...


Nowadays, an atomic column elemental mapping is popular method to determine an atomic position and species simultaneously [1] owing to radically innovated instrumentations such as aberration correctors [2], highly sensitive detectors [3] and highly refined analysis software. The field to apply the method is expanding, since the results of the method is intuitive with high spatial resolution. One of challenges for communization of this method is to overcome the sample damage caused by electron beam irradiation, since it need more electron dose than imaging due to small cross section of ionization of atoms. To reduce the damage, many attempts are tried and succeeded such as improvement of analytical sensitivity of X-ray detectors [3] and use of lower accelerating voltage [4].


SUMMARYMeiosis was studied in an autotriploid Pennisetum typhoides, found in the X2 progeny of gamma ray irradiated seed.Frequent formation of seven trivalents and less frequently six and five trivalents was observed. The mean number of trivalents per cell at diakinesis was 6.35 and at metaphase I, 6.18. The chiasma frequency per nucleus was 18.1 and 15.9 at diakinesis and metaphase I respectively. The chiasma frequency in the triploid was one and half times that of the diploids. The B-chromosomes have no effect on chiasma frequency.


Most of the energy of an underground nuclear explosion is deposited near the site of the explosion as heat. The heat remains localized for a long time because of the low thermal conductivity of rock. This heat plays a role in Plowshare applications by generating steam and, in the case of carbonate-bearing rocks, CO2. Applications to stimulate natural-gas production are complicated by the production of tritiated steam and CO2. The temperature of the rubble in the chimney fixes the steam partial pressure in the produced gas. Increasing chimney temperature, and thus steam pressure, is expected with increasing depth of explosion and also with decreasing spacing between detonations, in the case of multiple explosions. Laboratory experiments on shales that are mostly fine grain mixtures of quartz and carbonate show that CO2 is released at temperatures as low as 500°C, even under a CO2 pressure of 50 atm.In the future, the release of large amounts of CO2 may be used to advantage in secondary oil recovery and in ...


Replicative aging is one of aging forms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Replicatively aged cells show characteristics including bud scar accumulation, increased cell size, loss of asymmetry and fertility, nucleolar fragmentation, and metabolic changes. Extracromosomal rDNA circles (ERCs) accumulation is a major cause of yeast replicative aging, which is regulated by NAD~+-dependant histone deacetylase Sir2. NAD~+ regulates Sir2 histone deacetylase activity, which is consumed in Sir2-catalyzed deacetylation reaction as a substrate. Nicotinamide, NAD~+ metabolic product in this reaction, is a strong inhibitor of Sir2. Salvage synthesis of NAD~+ is critical for Sir2 activity, which is one pathway of nicotinamide metabolism. Homologues of genes involved in regulation of this reaction have been found in mammal cells with similar functions. Therefore, definition of molecular mechanism of yeast replicative aging regulation will be attributed to expose human aging.


Abstract Demski, Sappington, and Spiller [J. Econ. Theory44 (1988), 156–167] explore the effects of bankruptcy constraints on incentive schemes when two risk-neutral agents operate in correlated environments. For a setting in which the agents receive their private information before contracts are agreed upon they claim that the truth telling equilibrium induced by a pair of optimal direct schemes is necessarily subgame dominated. The present paper shows how the reward functions in the Demski–Sappington–Spiller revelation schemes can costlessly be modified so as to destroy all "pretending" equilibria which dominate the truth-telling one. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, D74, D82.


Crude oil is one of the important commodities to Malaysia. As a producer and exporter of oil and gas, Malaysia has gained high Gross Revenue from this sector. Crude oil is the global commodity and highly demanded. Therefore, major price changes on the commodity have a significant influence on world economy. Market sentiment, demand, and supply are some elements directly influencing the oil prices. Since crude oil is the backbone of businesses and is extremely important to the economy, it is essential to study the price of crude oil for future planning purposes. For that reason, this study proposes the use of the Fuzzy Time Series Cheng to predict crude oil price in Malaysia. In this study, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) are used to evaluate the forecast performance. The result shows that Fuzzy Time Series Cheng is able to produce a good result in forecasting since the analyses shows that the low value of RMSE and MAPE (less than 10 percent). Although this is the fundamental study but the finding may assist many sectors in Malaysia, such as governments, enterprises, investors, and businesses to produce a better economic planning in the future especially after the pandemic covid-19 phase.


The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of wall film on the combustion characteristics of premixed flames in internal combustion engines through the joint experimental and numerical techniques. The interaction between the premixed methane-air flame and n-dodecane film attached to the wall of a constant volume combustion bomb was experimentally examined. The flame propagation processes, as well as pressure evolution were quantitatively characterized. Then, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation was performed incorporating the combustion chemistry model. To enable efficient simulation of the chemically reacting flow in engine chambers, a simplified modeling approach based on a two-step reaction scheme was developed. A compact reaction model for the selected model fuel n-dodecane was constructed and reduced to include 35 chemical species and 180 reactions. The flame propagation process of the premixed flame and its interaction with dry and wet walls was studied. The results showed that the propagation of the premixed flame could be divided into four stages, and the existence of the slit structure increased the instability of the flame structure in the near-wall region. The wall film tended to promote emissions, producing more unburned hydrocarbons, soot precursors and aldehydes.


We study the properties of incompressible pairwise incompressible surfaces in knot exteriors. Let K be a prime almost alternating knot in S~3 and let F be an incompressible pairwise incompressible suface in S~3-K .Then there exist loops of type S~2 and of type PS~3 in F∩S~2_± .We prove that there are only finitely many such surfaces in S~3-K with n boundaries components for fixed n by discussing the properties of loops in F∩S~2_± ,and show that F is punctured sphere if K is a connected sum of two pretzel knots.


Folding strategies in architecture have been explored since the 1990s – if not before – as a method to generate spatial and structural concepts by applying complex geometries. These strategies are generally related to an analogue working method that involves paper folded models rather than digital form finding processes. Against this background the paper focuses on the impact and possibilities of folding principles from origami for the digital design process in using parametric software to generate integral and adaptive systems within an experimental and intuitive design approach.


A bacterial strain,BW004 that utilized quinoline as its sole carbon,nitrogen,and energy source,was isolated from the activated sludge of the coking wastewater treatment plant in Wuhan Iron and Steel Group,Hubei Province,China.The strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp.according to the 16S rRNA sequencing.The optimum degradation conditions determined by response surface methodology(RSM) were pH 7,rotation 180 r/min,and temperature 30.0℃.The degradation experiments revealed that BW004 could degrade 200–1000 mg/L of quinoline over 98.8% within 4–12 hours.During the degradation,quinoline was first transformed to 2-hydroxyquinolin and 2,8-dihydroxyquinolin,and ammonium was released promptly as the final product of heterocyclic nitrogen;then the dual-ring structure was destroyed and all organics were mineralized in 12–24 hours.


Campus culture is not only a symbol of culture and the style of studying, but also the overall atmosphere that helps students establish correct world outlook, values, and outlook on life. It leads the cultivation of student behavior and shapes the character of students. However, due to the openness of colleges and universities, the impact of informatization, the rapid development of society, and other factors, the campus culture in colleges and universities is affected by various aspects, and the cultivation of student behavior is bound to be affected. In this complex environment, how to promote campus culture in such a way to promote the cultivation of student behavior has become a topic of interest. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the "Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving Ideological and Political Education" under the State Council, stating that campus culture plays an important role in educating people and it is necessary to construct a campus culture that embodies socialist characteristics, school characteristics, and the characteristics of the times [1].


Abstract Self-reflection has been shown to enhance professional development in clinical, counselling and educational settings. Recent research found that self-reflection can enhance performance in elite sports. The purpose of this intervention study was two-fold: Firstly, to examine whether a guided reflective diary was effective in enhancing accuracy in elite archery, and secondly, to identify factors facilitating and hindering the usage of the guided reflective diary. Eight Singaporean elite archers (four females, four males), aged 20–24 years, reflected on their training using the diary for a period of five weeks. Their pre- and post-intervention performance scores were collected and qualitative interviews were conducted. Quantitative data revealed that only two archers improved their performance after the intervention, whereas six performed poorer than before. Qualitative data were content analysed using the thematic method. This revealed three facilitating factors for the guided reflective diary usage: (1) serves as a reminder, (2) description of shooting feeling, and (3) enhances motivation. In contrast, (1) time-consumption, (2) high number of questions, and (3) the repetitive nature of the reflection questions were reported as the three most common hindering factors for the effective usage of the reflective diary. The results are discussed using the sport and coaching science literature. Practical implications are proposed to optimise athletes' use of reflection as a learning tool for personal improvement and performance enhancement.


The differentiable manifold with f - structure were studied by many authors, for example: K. Yano [7], Ishihara [8], Das [4] among others but thus far we do not know the geometry of manifolds which are endowed with special polynomial -structure satisfying However, special quadratic structure manifold have been defined and studied by Sinha and Sharma [8]. The purpose of this paper is to study the geometry of differentiable manifolds equipped with such structures and define special polynomial structures for all values of j = 1, 2,,, and obtain integrability conditions of the distributions and .