The invention discloses a biomass fuel based on corn straw, and a preparation method and a preparation production line thereof; a formula of the biomass fuel is composed of the components by the weight percentage: 60-80% of the corn straw, 20-25% of soybean straw, 0.2-0.5% of an expanding agent, 2-3% of an adhesive, 1-3% of water and 1-5% of a ripening agent. Provided is the biomass fuel based on the corn straw and having the advantages of low production cost, environmental protection, high quality, high burning rate and convenient batch production. When the corn straw biomass fuel prepared through the process and the formula is burnt, the corn straw biomass fuel has no fumes when burning, has the burning efficiency of 96-98%, and has relatively strong firepower and relatively low production cost. Moreover, when the production line is adopted for preparing the corn straw biomass fuel, the production line has the advantages of small occupied places, relatively high production efficiency, low labor cost and better automated production effect, and further controls the cost of the biomass fuel.


This study examines the effect of multicultural curriculum policies on ethno-linguistic minority students' academic enjoyment and performance. Based on a sample of 154,169 students in 31 countries from the TIMSS 2011 eighth-grade mathematics dataset, a series of within-nation hierarchical linear modeling analyses and subsequent cross-national regression analyses have been conducted. The findings of this study clearly suggest the possibility that the institutionalization of a multicultural curriculum policy in a country may have a positive effect on ethno-linguistic minority students' engagement in learning in terms of both academic enjoyment and performance.


A descriptive study on learning atmosphere in the excellence BiologyTeacher's Education Program, The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education,University of Riau has been conducted in the Even Semester of the AcademicYear 2012/2013. The objective was to find out the learning atmosphere inEnglish for Biology II courses. As much as eighteen students have been defined asthe total respondents by total sampling technique. Data of seven indicatorslearning atmosphere, namely: (1) cohesiveness, (2) lecture support, (3)involvement, (4) investigation, (5) task orientation, (6) cooperation, and (7)lecture equity obtained by questionnaire What Is Happening In this Class(WIHIC). The questionnaire was valid (rxy0,54>critical values0,3) dan reliabel(r110,96>critical values0,7). The questionnaires were directly ditributed to therespondents at the end of the semester. Supplements data were taken by videorecording during the learning process. All data were analyzed descriptively. Theresults showed that learning atmosphere English for Biology II were consideredvery conducive from aspects of cohesiveness of relationship between students,task orientation, cooperation and lecture equity. While the lecture support,involvement, and student investigations were considered is enough conducive. Inclonclusion, the learning atmosphere of English for Biology II by using Research-based teaching were considered was enough conducive. However, the learningatmosphere of English for Biology II is still needs to be improved in order tobecome very conducive, especially with regard to indicators of lecturer support,student involvement and investigation. Key Words : excellence biology teacher education programs, english for biologyII course, learning atmosphere, research-based teaching


ABSTRACT— The paper describes the need for long‐term inpatient care in an English health district whose psychiatric services were based on a unit in a District General Hospital. Patients who became long‐stay were placed in a new hospital‐hostel in a city centre. Three quarters of those eligible could be managed in the hostel, with those rejected posing more control problems. Patients in the hostel became less withdrawn and increased their activity and use of community facilities.


About the Contributors. 1. Introduction. 2. Asia: Magic, Myths, Mysteries, Mayhem. 3. Globalisation: Talent Roulette in Asia. 4. A Path for the Rich in Asia: The Challenge of Value Creation. 5. Japan: In Search of New HRM Dynamics. 6. Paths for Developing Countries: Getting HR Ready for China. 7. Path for the Poor: India the Talent Mecca and its HRM Imperatives. 8. The Economics of Compensation in Asia. 9. HRM Questions for CEO. 10. Business Questions HRM Must Ask. 11. Leadership in Asia. 12. Capturing the Illusive HRM Numbers. Index.


As a fundamental data structure, graph has been widely used in machine learning, data mining, and computer vision. However, graph based analysis with respect to kernel method, spectral clustering and manifold learning can reach time complexity of $O(m^3)$, where $m$ is the data size. In particular, the problem becomes intractable when data is in large-scale. Recently, low-rank matrix approximation draws considerable attentions since it can extract essential parts that are responsible for most actions of the matrix. Nonetheless, the structure information embedded in the massive data is inevitably ignored. In this paper, we argue that vector quantization can better reveal the intrinsic structure of the large-scale data and both intra- and inter-cluster matrices should be taken advantage of to boost the accuracy of low-rank matrix approximation. Considering both inter- and intra-relationships, we can reach a better trade-off on different kinds of graphs. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework not only keeps lower time complexity but also performs comparably with the state of the art.


The use of hand-held communication transceivers has become widespread and is further growing. Because these devices are used in close proximity of the human head, questions have been asked regarding safety of their use. An overview is given of research on radiofrequency/microwave energy deposition, relevant biological effects, and a perspective from some national health standards point of view.<<ETX>>


This paper reports the successful deposition of Cu3SnS4 thin films using a spray pyrolysis technique. These films were deposited on glass substrates using a solution containing CuCl2 · 2H2O, SnCl2 · 2H2O and SC(NH2)2 as precursors with appropriate chemical compositions of elements ([Sn] = 10–2 M and [Cu]/[Sn] = 2 × 2.2) at a substrate temperature of 360 °C. X‐ray diffraction analysis show that unannealed and annealed Cu3SnS4 thin films under sulphur atmosphere crystallise in the tetragonal structure and the crystallites exhibit preferential (112) orientation of the grains. Optical measurements show that Cu3SnS4 sprayed thin film annealed at 500 °C has a direct band gap of about 1.22 eV. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that Cu hydroxychloride (IntelliBond C, Micronutrients, LLC, Indianapolis, IN) improves gain:feed of pigs by increasing apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of fat. In experiment 1, 144 pigs (15.40 ± 2.39 kg) were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments. Four diets contained 0, 2, 4, or 6% choice white grease (CWG) and 2 diets contained 150 mg/kg Cu from Cu hydroxychloride and 0 or 2% CWG. Data for growth performance were analyzed by contrast statements, and Cu equivalency of CWG was determined using prediction equations derived from regression procedures using SAS. Results indicated that gain:feed linearly increased (P ≤ 0.05) as CWG concentration increased in diets (Table 1). Supplementation of Cu hydroxychloride to diets improved (P ≤ 0.05) gain:feed of pigs, which resulted in a CWG equivalence of 2.8 to 3.8% for 150 mg/kg Cu hydroxychloride. In experiment 2, 80 pigs (18.24 ± 1.81 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to 1 of 10 diets. Eight diets contained 0, 15, 30, or 45% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 0 or 150 mg/kg Cu hydroxychloride. Two additional diets contained 2% CWG and 15% DDGS and 0 or 150 mg/kg Cu hydroxychloride. Feces were collected for 4 d after 5 d adaptation. Data were analyzed by contrast statements and regression procedures using SAS. Supplementation of Cu to diets improved (P ≤ 0.05) ATTD of fat by 20% due to reduced (P ≤ 0.05) endogenous loss of fat (from 11.23 to 7.14 g/kg dry matter intake), but did not affect energy digestibility or true total tract digestibility of fat. In conclusion, supplementation of 150 mg/kg Cu hydroxychloride to diets improved gain:feed of pigs with a CWG equivalence of 2.8 to 3.8%, but this was not due to improved energy digestibility.


Introduction of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) into proteins has become a powerful tool for biological studies and creating proteins with novel functions. To date, in vivo UAA incorporation into proteins has been achieved with various organisms, including unicellular organisms such as bacteria 5] and yeast, 7] cultured (single) cells of mammals 9] and of an insect (Drosophila melanogaster), and even a multicellular organism (Caenorhabditis elegans). Here we report the extension of UAA incorporation methodology to cultured cells of the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori. Incorporation of UAAs into proteins holds enormous potential for increasing the utility of protein-based materials. Silk proteins produced by B. mori are under extensive study as textile, biomedical, electronic, and photonics materials, due to their excellent textures, mechanical strengths, moldabilities, and biocompatibilities. The addition of UAAs to proteins would be a promising approach to creating compounds beyond those achievable with the 20 standard natural amino acids, thereby expanding the scope of silk applications. The introduction of novel functionalities through the UAAs might result not only in new structural and physicochemical characteristics of silk but also in chemical handles for chemoselective modifications. The future goal of our study is to genetically modify B. mori larvae so that they can incorporate UAAs into protein biosynthesis and to produce UAA-incorporated silk proteins for their biomedical and industrial applications. However, UAA incorporation into proteins synthesized in multicellular animals such as B. mori is a challenging task. Greiss and Chin recently succeeded in site-specifically incorporating UAAs into proteins in a multicellular animal, C. elegans. Because the site-specific incorporation strategy can specify the positions of UAAs in target proteins, perturbation to the living systems of host animals could be minimized. 19] At the same time, this strategy requires multiple gene manipulations, including introduction of distinct codons for UAAs in target proteins. In contrast to the site-specific method, residue-specific incorporation of UAAs can be achieved in relatively simple ways. 20] In fact, residue-specific incorporation requires only the engineering of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), 21–23] which catalyze the charging of specific tRNAs with their cognate amino acids with strict substrate specificity to ensure the accuracy of the genetic code during protein synthesis. E. coli phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS), for example, was engineered by simple point mutations at its amino acid binding site to exhibit broader substrate recognition capacity. Through overexpression of such mutants in E. coli, proteins containing a wide variety of phenylalanine (Phe) analogues have been obtained. Because all Phe residues in all proteins are likely to be replaced with their analogues by this strategy, the living systems of host animals might be subject to some adverse effects. Organ-specific expression of engineered aaRSs in host animals might decrease such negative effects on the living systems. Phe is considered an appropriate target for achieving residue-specific UAA incorporation into silk because Phe is an essential amino acid for B. mori, making it possible to control the uptake of Phe by feeding, and because Phe is incorporated in the major protein component of B. mori silk in a periodic manner. We have therefore cloned two genes encoding two subunits (a and b) of B. mori PheRS (BmPheRS) and have succeeded in generating its mutant by the same strategy as employed in E. coli. This mutant BmPheRS has an Ala450-to-Gly mutation at the amino acid binding site in the a subunit and was found to catalyze aminoacylation of B. mori tRNA with p-Cland p-Br-substituted Phe analogues in vitro. Here, to verify the function of this BmPheRS mutant in protein synthesis in vivo, incorporation of Phe analogues into proteins was investigated with a cell line of B. mori : BmN. Figure 1 illustrates the assay procedure employed in this study. BmN cells were transfected with expression plasmids separately encoding the two subunits (a and b) of BmPheRS, in which the a subunit was either the wild type or the A450G mutant (see Figure S1 in the Supporting Information). As a reporter protein, an expression plasmid encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was also introduced. We chose EGFP because it can be expressed at a high level in BmN cells and can be easily handled for purification and analyses. The transfected cells were cultured in Grace's insect medium for nine days in the presence or the absence of p-Clor p-Br-Phe (1 mm ; pictures of the cells during culture are shown in Figure S2). The synthesized EGFP obtained in the supernatants of the cell lysates was affinity-purified by using Strep and His6 tags fused at its N and C termini, respectively (see Figure S3). Because EGFP was purified with two different affinity tags fused at its N and C termini, only the full-length EGFP was obtained, without any detectable contaminants in SDS-PAGE (Figure S4). The purified EGFP was subjected to [a] Dr. H. Teramoto, Dr. K. Kojima, Dr. J. Ishibashi Genetically Modified Organism Research Center National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634 (Japan) E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com [b] Dr. H. Kajiwara Agrogenomics Research Center National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 (Japan) Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http ://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201100624.


Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in ischemic preconditioning (IPC)‐induced neuronal protection, several key questions concerning ROS remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study is to obtain direct evidence for the formation of specific ROS species generated by IPC, and to determine the specific species that is responsible for the observed neuronal protection. Primary cultured cortex neurons from rat embryos were preconditioned with 10 min of oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD), which increased the intracellular levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. This preconditioning markedly induced neuronal protection against 2‐hr OGD stimuli. Preconditioning with exogenous ROS by the administration of xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO), or hydrogen peroxide was also found to induce IPC‐like neuronal protection. Administration of hydrogen peroxide scavengers, such as catalase, glutathione, or the thiol reductant N‐(2‐mercaptopriopionyl)‐glycine, all reduced the increase in the intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels, which effectively eliminated IPC‐ or exogenous ROS‐induced neuronal protection. In contrast, administration of the membrane‐permeable superoxide dismutase mimic Mn(III)tetrakis(1‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl)porphyrin pentachloride was able to block the increase of intracellular superoxide levels during IPC, but did not abolish either IPC‐ or exogenous X/XO preconditioning‐induced neuronal protection. These findings strongly suggest that IPC enhances the generation of superoxide, which is then converted to hydrogen peroxide, and that hydrogen peroxide is likely the main trigger involved in the mechanism of IPC‐induced neuronal protection. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Pacific Islanders have faced discrimination in New Zealand particularly since the 1960s when members of communities, particularly from the Cook Islands, Samoa, Niue and Tonga began to be transplanted from their home nations to Aotearoa as cheap immigrant labour. Subsequently, the New Zealand vernacular has contained references to Pacific Islanders as 'overstayers', 'coconuts', 'bungas' and 'fresh off the boat' [FOB]. However, the legacy of a domineering relationship between the Palagi majority group and Pacific minorities that is captured by such derogatory terms is still evident in public forums such as the media. Using a quantitative content and qualitative narrative analysis, this first chapter documents portrayals of Pacific Islanders in New Zealand print media reports (n= 65) published over a three-month period. Findings reveal that Pacific people are predominantly portrayed as unmotivated, unhealthy and criminal others who are overly dependent on Palagi support. Consideration of this offered Pacific identity formation is explored and compared with that implied for Palagi, which is active, independent, competent and caring. Issues in coverage are discussed in relation to how Pacific Islanders are encouraged to see themselves, and the health and social consequences of dominant practices in press coverage. The second part of this thesis will take the findings from the investigation of the characterizations of Pacific Islanders in newspaper coverage and consider audience responses to such coverage. Focus group discussions will be used to explore how different New Zealand audiences view and respond to the portrayals of Pacific Island people and health in news media. The focus on audience responses supports the development of a better understanding of how groups can internalise media portrayals and use these as anchor points for understanding their own situations. Qualitative content from the two groups of Pacific Islanders (P1, P2) and two groups of Palagi (NP1, NP2) enabled a comparative analysis of audience interpretations. Findings propose that health issues are predominantly framed from the perspective of the 1 Palagi (pronounced Palangi) is a term used by Pacific Islanders to refer to people of European decent. 2 We use the terms 'Pacific people' and 'Pacific Islanders' to denote a general social category or minority in Aotearoa used by the media. However, we need to qualify the use of these terms because their use can lead to a glossing over of the diversity in languages and cultures that exists between over 20 different Polynesian, Melanesian and Micronesian communities.


SWOT is introduced in the paper.By utilizing the SWOT,rehabilitation medicine resources development in Tangshan area is introduced,including strength,weakness,opportunity,threat,and then based on the situation,strategies are proposed,and that provides background information for further developing sharing of rehabilitation medicine resources and improving rehabilitation medical service.


Cement-based materials for use as sealants in underground waste storages must be erosion-resistant and chemically stable. Placement of highly radioactive waste (HLW) in boreholes may require that t ...


Poor local information networks and weak social sanctions in urban settings make joint liability unable to guarantee high repayment rates to microlenders. Yet, microcredit programmes in Western Europe report good performance even if the majority of them require no collateral. We collected data from three Italian microcredit institutions which operate in urban areas, granting individual loans without collateral to single entrepreneurs and teams (associations and cooperatives). We found that teams repay with higher probability. On this basis we developed a microlending instrument which, like joint liability implemented in rural economies, mitigates informational problems but, unlike joint liability, fits the urban context in that it reproduces a cohesion among entrepreneurs based on profit-maximizing behaviour and not on social capital.


A study was done to forecast the patronage of a new transit system proposed for a suburban city in the San Francisco Bay Area, using disaggregate behavioral models of transportation choice. The results suggested that behavioral models of the type used in the study can be applied to travel demand forecasting in small urban areas but that additional development and testing of the models should be done before thay are used for policy decisions. The time and expense required for data collection and analysis were within reasonable limits for general application. Although implementation of the forecasting methodologies was quite successful, results of tests of the predictive accuracy of the behavioral models were disappointing. /Authors/


IN THE PARTICLE-SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOILS, MECHANICAL AGITATION AND THE PHYSCIO-CHEMICAL ACTION OF A DISPERSING AGENT ARE EMPLOYED TO DISPERSE A SOIL SAMPLE IN WATER AND PREPARE A SUSPENSION FOR SUBSEQUENT DETERMINATION OF PARTICLE SIZE-GROUPS BY SEDIMENTATION TECHNIQUES. THE DISPERSING AGENT FULFILLS TWO FUNCTIONS VITAL TO THE ACCURACY OF THE ANALYSIS: (1) ASSISTING THE MECHANICAL TREATMENT IN THE INITIAL SEPARATION OF NATURALLY CEMENTED OR AGGREGATED PRIME PARTICLES AND (2) PROVIDING CONDITIONS FOR NORMAL SEDIMENTATION IN THE SUSPENSION DURING THE TEST PERIOD, BY PREVENTING FLOCCULATION (OR OTHER INTERFERING EFFECTS) OF THE DISPERSED PARTICLES. MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHEMICAL DISPERING AGENTS HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED WITH VARYING RESULTS. AT PRESENT, SODIUM METASILICATE IS WIDELY USED IN SOIL TESTING FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES, AND SODIUM HEXAMETAPHOSPHATE, SODIUM HYDROXIDE, AND SODIUM CARBONATE ARE AMONG THOSE USED FOR AGRICULTURAL SOILS. HOWEVER, THE REPORTED RESULTS OF NUMEROUS STUDIES DO NOT AFFORD A CLEAR EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS, BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF CONSISTENCY IN METHODS AND TECHNIQUES AND, FREQUENTLY, THE NARROW SCOPE OF EXPERIMENTAL SOILS AND DISPERSANTS. THE INVESTIGATION REPORTED HERE WAS UNDERTAKEN TO PROVIDE THIS NEEDED EVALUATION. MANY DIFFERENT DISPERSING AGENTS WERE TESTED WITH A BROAD SELECTION OF SOILS UNDER CLOSELY CONTROLLED CONDITIONS OF ANALYSIS. RESULTS SHOWED SODIUM METASILICATE TO BE RELATIVELY INEFFECTUAL IN THE DISPERSION OF SEVERAL SOILS AND NOT SUITABLE FOR GENERAL USE. SEVERAL OTHERS, SUCH AS THE CARBONATE, HYDROXIDE, AND OXALATE OF SODIUM, PRODUCED A HIGH DEGREE OF DISPERSION WITH A FEW SOILS BUT FAILED TO STABILIZE THE SUSPENSIONS OF OTHERS. SODIUM POLYPHOS AND SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE WERE HIGHLY AND ABOUT EQUALLY EFFECTIVE FOR ALL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL SOILS REPRESENTING MANY OF THE GREAT SOIL GROUPS OF THE UNITED STATES. TWO OTHERS, SODIUM HEXAMETAPHOSPHATE AND SODIUM TETRAPHOSPHATE, WERE ONLY SLIGHTLY LESS SO. NONE OF THESE FOUR PHOSPHATES WAS EFFECTIVE WITH A LATERITE MATERIAL, A RED, FERRUGINOUS SOIL OF THE TROPICS. CONVERSELY, THIS SOIL WAS HIGHLY DISPERSED BY TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE AND TETRASODIUM PRYOPHOPHATE, WHICH WERE GENERALLY INEFFECTIVE WITH MEMBERS OF THE OTHER SOIL GROUPS. /AUTHOR/


Objective:To observe the effects of 48 cases of classical intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy(CISH),In order to determine the advantage and worth of CISH,Methods:From October,2000 to March,2003,We had performed 194 cases of hysteretomy,48 cases were operated by CISH,146 cases were operated by intrafascial total hysterectomy,Results:The average operative time of CISH was 112 min(70-185min),the average blood loss was 165ml(30-300ml).Conclusions:Although the operative time of CISH is longer than the operative time of intrafascial hysterectomy,CISH has less blood loss,short time of recovery of bowel function,and no complication.


The invention relates to a farmland pesticide spraying and fertilizer application applying system and a pesticide spraying and fertilizer application method, which is designed by aiming at the technical problems of high construction cost and difficult popularization and application of the existing similar systems or equipment. The system design key points are as follows: two sides of a plot on which pesticide is sprayed or fertilizer is applied are respectively distributed with a pesticide spraying system and a fertilizer application system towards the longitudinal center of the farmland. The pesticide spraying system is characterized in that a pesticide liquid tank is connected with an underground infusion tube through a high-pressure pesticide pump; the branch of the infusion tube is provided with a small ball valve and is connected with a movable infusion hose and a fog-spray nozzle through a quick contact. The fertilizer application system is characterized in that a fertilizer liquid pool is connected with a fertilizer storage pool through a fertilizer transmission pump, an underground fertilizer transmission tube and a fertilizer storage valve; the fertilizer storage pool is connected with a fertilizer main tube through the fertilizer application pump, and the fertilizer main tube is successively connected with a fertilizer application branch tube, a ball valve, a quick contact and a thin-wall porous belt. A pump and a switch valve which are corresponding to the pesticide spraying and fertilizer application are turned on to realize pesticide spraying and fertilizer application. The system has simple structure, convenient use and low construction cost and is suitable for spraying pesticide and applying fertilizer in the farmland on a large scale.


extramatrix concentrations of ATP, ADP and Pi and the matrix volume being determined in parallel. As is shown in Fig. I , the thermodynamic relation is consistent with a mean stoicheiometry of 2.66+0.01-+ H+/ATP obtained by linear regression forced through the origin. As any systematic error in matrix volume or in activity coefficients for the isotopic indicators of membrane potential or pH gradient would affect the apparent magnitude of A&+ equally for each point, it is significant that the slope of Fig. 1 (i.e. not forced through the origin) is 2.61 k0.02 H+/ATP. Thus the apparent stoicheiometry remains constant as A,&,+ is decreased, and it was not possible to confirm the increase in stoicheiometry observed, under these circumstances, by Weichmann et al. (1 975). In conclusion, two independent lines of evidence suggest that not less than 5.4 protons cycle across the membrane to cause the synthesis of 2mol of ATP during the transfer of two electrons from a flavoprotein-linked substrate to oxygen.


The SPFA processor is a pipeline processor for floating point addition. The arithmatic unit, as well as the memory unit, have been pipelined, and thus, constitute four basic modules on which four sets of data are operated upon simultaneously. Apart from these, there is a control unit which performs the sequencing of operations, a latch enable unit and an input unit with a keyboard which allows human interface.


The utility model relates to a switch device with a remote wireless control function, in particular to a switch box with a wire control function, which comprises a switch box body (1), a box door, a signal receiving circuit board (4), a switch control circuit board (3) and a signal source cabin (2), wherein the signal source cabin (2) is arranged at the upper part of the box body, a power supply input wiring box (5) is arranged at one side wall of the lower part of the switch box body, and a power supply output socket (6) is arranged at the other side wall of the lower part of the switch box body. A main control circuit arranged on the signal receiving circuit board (4) is a sound and light control switch circuit. A main control element arranged on the switch control circuit board (3) is an alternating current contactor. The switch box has the advantages that the structure is simple, the size is small, the reliability is high, and the manufacture cost is low.


Objective To compare the cardiovascular response at extubation period of general anesthetic postoperation using remifentanil only and remifentanil combined with fentanyl.Methods Forty ASA class Ⅰor Ⅱpatients of laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly and equally divided into remifentanil group(R) and fentanyl-remifentanil group(FR).Remifentanil 1 μg/kg in group R and fentanyl 5μg/kg in group FR combined with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg,vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg and propofol 1.5 mg/kg were used for anesthesia induction.0.2μg·kg-1·h-1 dose of remifentanil and 5-6mg·kg-1·h-1 dose of propofol were infused to maintain anesthesia.MAP,HR and the revival time were observed.Results MAP and HR in group R significantly rised compared with group FR at the time of extubation,1 minute and 5 minutes after extubation(P0.05).The time of breathing recovery,eye opening,extubation had no significant difference in two groups.Conclusion Fentanyl combined with remifentanil can depress the cardiovascular response at extubation period of general anesthetic postoperation more effectively than remifentanil only,meanwhile,does not prolong revival time.


For a long time, in fact, it seemed as if French criminology had no history of its own. Indeed, with practitioners in the field constantly being called on to justify their discipline's very epistemological existence, there was little time or inclination to investigate the origins of the subject.
It is striking in this respect that Michael Foucault's Discipline and Punish, first published in French in 1975, devotes no more than a few lines explicitly to the subject of criminology. Foucault's work would inspire a whole generation of researchers interested in the history of the prison, but its impact on criminology in his home country was negligible. This may have something to do with the fact that emphasised the inferior status of French criminology.


Abstract : The CIM documentation techniques and requirements are all excellent analytic tools. These tools, while excellent do not address one primary issue; the limited availability of validated information to use in our Business Process Improvement Program. A CIM team must spend an inordinate amount of time on site to obtain minimal information. Often, functional managers are not familiar with these documentation techniques which makes validation of the documented processes difficult. Without having documented procedures it is extremely difficult for a CIM team to identify similarities and differences in a function. This inhibits the ability to develop standard joint systems. While 'ISO' does not stand for anything, it is an international standard for a quality assurance system. The primary objective of the CIM initiative is the re-engineering of business processes. The ISO 9000 standard will help achieve this objective. In order for a site to receive the registration all current procedures and policies must be documented using common language and formats as prescribed by ISO 9000. This is the key to the entire system. It assures the same process is followed consistently. It also requires continuous updates of the documentation. This is assured by follow up audits. The audit assures proper implementation of the standard at a site. In order to be registered in the U.S. a site must have an outside Registrar conduct the audit. To assure compliance with the procedures auditors will observe workers. Another technique auditors will use is to watch the employee perform a task or the auditor may ask the employee to explain the process. The auditor will then review the worker instruction manual to verify compliance and proper documentation. The following recommendations are presented for the consideration of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Director of Defense Information.


Augmenting Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony with Johan Galtung's concept of structural violence and using multiple data sources this study examines the structural phenomenon food waste and the agentic phenomenon dumpster diving. I derive my interpretations from an analysis of reports on food waste by international organizations, US media coverage of food waste, and interviews with dumpster divers. At the structural level, the analysis shows how international organizations and media frame food waste as an economic and environmental—rather than a social justice issue and how they reproduce hegemonic neoliberal conceptualizations and discourses of food and food waste. At the agentic level, the analysis shows how these hegemonic conceptualizations and discourses affect dumpster divers and how an environmental ideological motivation contains an anticapitalistic ideological motivation. Building on my neo-Gramscian analysis, I highlight the potential threat that environmental discourses might stabilize neoliberal hegemony by offering appealing consent-structures and contain more fundamental, social justice-based, critique of the neoliberal social order. To preserve its inherently critical and counter-hegemonic potential, I develop a conceptual model of food waste and discuss its relevance for critical management and organization studies.


"Well, in our country," said Alice"… you'd generally get to somewhere else, if you ran very fast for a long time as we've been doing.""A slow sort of a country," said the Queen. "Now here, you see, it takes all the running you can do to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that."Lewis Carroll, in Through the Looking Glass.


Cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littorals is a polyphagous insect pest, causes a huge damage to many crops. Silica nanostructure with various physicochemical characteristics were prepared by sol–gel method. The aim of this study is use less expensive sources to prepare silica nanoparticles and evaluate effect silica nanoparticles on second in star larvae of S. littoralis and their effects to larval enzyme activity. Types of silica nanoparticles hydrophilic (TSiNP HPHI), silica nanoparticles hydrophobic (TSiNP HPHO) were prepared from Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), silica nanoparticles hydrophilic prepared from sodium silicate (SSiNP HPHI) in addition traditional silica (TSi) prepared from sand by top down method. The obtained silica powders were characterized by using spectroscopy with high resolution transmission electron microscope, dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic absorption spectrophotometer Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). These four types by utilizing surface contact were applied against second in star larvae of S. littoralis. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine mortality percentages of the second instar larvae of S littoralis at treatment with 10, 20, 300, 4 & 60 g/L concentrations of materials. Our results showed that the increase in the concentration led to the increase in mortality. The LC50 obtained were 10.48, 10.76, 14.01 & 42.99 g/L of TSiNP HPHO, SSiNP HPHIM, SSiNP HPHI, and TSi, respectively. Results showed that, the TSiNP HPHO, SSiNP HPHI & TSiNP HPHI had high effects on biochemical parameters, while TSi had no statistically significant effect. Accordingly, we can synthesis silica nanoparticles from low cost sources such as sodium silicate which can be an alternative to the commercial insecticides which have numerous health hazards.


Investment in share market is now becoming more and more attractive option as interest rate on bank and post office deposit is gradually going down and security Exchange Board of India is taking sterner actions to protect the interest of shareholders. There are two major classifications of shares such as equity share and preference share. Preference shareholder enjoys preference in case of distribution of dividends and repayment of capital when company goes on liquidation. Pubic companies go for Initial Public Offer (IPO). Generally they adopt Book Building process to determine the issue price. Company can pay cash dividend or stock dividend (bonus share) if company earns profit. Due to advancement in technology, now investors can do on line trading with the help of demat account; therefore there is no need of holding physical form of shares. The article focuses that stock market is becoming attractive day by day for the retail investors. It discusses the concept of IPO, Book building process by which a layman investor will be able to understand a newly issued stock's price is listed in the market. It focuses the ideas regarding bonus issue, right issue, stock split and its impact on investor's wealth. The article will discuss some basic guidelines so that a moderate turn can be earned by investing in share market. The article will analyze the provision of on line trading on share market which will provide the opportunity to retail investor to participate in the trading without any hazard of holding physical certificate as well as the problem of contacting broker whenever he is willing to buy or sell any stock is also eliminated.


Diploma Thesis "Local association of Rosicko-Oslavanska" presents an integral report to association activity. The main theme of association is a service of museum specialised to a mining industry, an energy industry and natural landscape in Oslavany area. The history of the Local association of Rosicko-Oslavansko and Oslavany town is also introduced shortly in the diploma thesis. The next part of diploma thesis presents a primary foundation of expositions, their actual state of affairs, a collection fund and also a presentation and an educational cultural activity. The finish part of diploma thesis submit a preliminary working document - worksheets as a new component of presentation and a regeneration of permanent exposition "The mining and energy industry in Rosice-Oslavany area ".


We propose a method for activity representation based on semantic events, using the HMM framework. For every time instant, the probability of event occurrence is computed by exploring a subset of state sequences. The idea is that while activity trajectories may have large variations at the data or the state levels, they may exhibit similarities at the event level. Our experiments show the application of these events to activity recognition in an office environment and to anomalous trajectory detection using surveillance video data.


This article is a compilation of online databases available to the general public. Resources described include Carl UnCover, ERIC, Agricola, and Medline.


The article considers the results of multidisciplinary analysis of the Nabil archaeological culture pottery identified in 2005 by results of the archaeological researches in North Sakhalin. The Nabil archaeological culture includes the ceramics complex consisted of pointed shape pottery decorated by comb stamps. The sources of the study are the archaeological studies of the settlements (the collections and reports) organized by the research team of Sakhalin Archaeological and Ethnography Laboratory of IAET SB RAS and SakhGU in 2004–2015 and additional archaeological material from other collections. According to absolute dating of the Nabil archaeological complexes, the material was clustered into three chronological periods: early – 3065–2781 cal BP, middle – 2754–2342 cal BP, late – 2334–2009 cal BP. The study used technical methods like X-ray Diffraction analysis, Petrographic analysis of pottery, Optical Binocular Microscopy, method of sherds' laboratory re-firing, statistic-and-classification method. Most part of the pottery was identified as the remains of the everyday utensils, the lowest rate of the others were used like celebratory vessels. Recipes of the moulding compounds are almost homogeneous. Their raw material includes meagre clay with a lot of dust-like natural sand. As a thinning agent for the moulding composition added sand temper in pottery paste and sometimes chamotte. The vessels were made by the wall only "seedbody". The walls of the vessels formed by the linear-ring building method. The pottery was roasted with bonfire firing, the later period with oven devices for pottery firing. The vessel's shapes are asymmetry. The contour of the vessel shape of the Nabil's type is oval-shaped with either concave or straight or ill-defined neck. The upper part of the vessel surface was decorated. The basic type of ornamentation is the comb stamps. The elements of the pottery ornamentation are both continuous and discrete horizontal lines, curved ornament, short, long, diagonal, and vertical lines as well as individual impressions. The pattern of the pottery decoration consists of either horizontal continuous lines or discrete ones with either series diagonal or vertical short stamping. It is widespread. Stylistically the composition of the pottery decoration evokes associations with the row of the beads and pendants. In conjunction with nipple-shaped thickened of the vessel to the bottom it creates a stylistic image of the female breast. There was the infiltration of foreign cultural elements in the Nabil archaeological culture in the late period.


In Captain M'Murdo's able report on the Peninsula of Kattywar, which was published in the first volume of the Transactions of the Bombay Literary Society, he alludes to Gumli in these brief words:— "Jaitwar, inhabited by the Jaitwa Rajpoots, comprises that part of the coast within thirty miles of Poorbundur, which is the seat of authority of the present sovereign family; they are styled Ranas, and originally dwelt at the city of Goomlee, the ruins of which, are still to be seen and admired, at the bottom and on the summit of the Burda hills." And again, "The Burda hills which have been mentioned under the head of Jaitwar, consist of a clump of mountains near Poorbundur, running from Goomlee on the north, to Kundoora on the south extreme about twenty miles; this range is not above six miles in breadth, and the southernmost end is the lowest; they are in many places covered with low wood, and possess abundance of good water on their summits; an account of the ruins of Goomlee would be a curious paper." I was prompted by these remarks to visit Gumli, and though few of its edifices are now standing, enough remains to merit description.


The invention relates to a tactile man-machine interface comprising an interfacing surface comprising a means for transforming impacts on the interfacing surface into input electrical signals and a data interfacing means, configured for data communication with at least a first and a second device In this configuration, it becomes possible to provide data communication between the first and second devices without having to bring the two devices in contact. Furthermore, the invention relates to a separating element comprising such a tactile man-machine interface and system, such as vending machines, automatic teller machines etc, comprising such a separating element.


Melasma is a common acquired hypermelanosis of variably successful therapies with frequent relapse. Platelet‐rich‐plasma (PRP) is a promising treatment in melasma, alone or combined with other treatments. We evaluated efficacy of autologous PRP in melasma treatment and the effect of combined intense pulsed light (IPL). Study included 20 Egyptian female melasma patients. PRP was injected in all melasma area and IPL was used on the right hemi‐face. Melasma Area and Scoring Index (MASI) of melasma area, modified‐MASI (mMASI) of PRP‐IPL side and of PRP side significantly decreased after treatments (p‐value < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between both sides regarding mMASI score or patient and physician satisfaction (p‐value > 0.05). Our study provides the first comparison between PRP versus its combination with IPL in melasma treatment. We think the improvement of melasma with regression of melasma scores after PRP treatment is an important finding.


The various causes, analysis the judgment methods, prevention measures and remedy procedures for bad appearance of automobile coatings are introdred.


The energy conditions imply that null-homogeneous solutions of the Einstein field equations admit a non-expanding shear-free normal null congruence, and that these space-times are algebraically special.


This study aims to examine the effect of real earnings management as an dependent variable on governance mechanisms as a independent variable. The population of this study is a banking company in Indonesia listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012 until 2016.
The method used for sampling is purposive sampling. The total number of samples determined by certain criteria, this study obtained 30 companies as a sample. This research uses multiple linear regression to test the hypothesis
The results of this study indicate that independent board of commissioners, institutional ownership and managerial ownership have a significant negative effect on real earning management, nomination and remuneration committee and independent audit committee have no significant effect on real earning management.


The influence of concentration of fluoride ion on the pitting corrosion behavior of 316SS has been investigated by means of measuring the critical pitting temperature (CPT) in 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution. The results showed that the CPT decreased and the open circuit potential also decreased with increasing concentration of fluoride ion. Metastable pitting occurred just below the CPT, while stable pits could only be formed above the CPT. The morphologies of the pits below and above the CPT had been obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM).


The invention relates to a method for PCIE high-speed link management. The method for PCIE high-speed link management is characterized in that a self-adaptation learning processor is added in the process of link training so that under the condition that an abnormality occurs repeatedly, self-learning of information on a link can be achieved; a next state is predicated; skip of a state machine is controlled; the state machine directly enters Detect or polling according to an indication of the processor; the state machine skips the time-out period or the Detect state. According to the method for PCIE high-speed link management, the recovery speed of abnormal condition processing of the link is improved, skip of the state machine is controlled through the method that the self-adaptation learning processor is added in the process of link training, so that the state machine is recovered rapidly under the abnormal condition, compatibility of an existing protocol is completely achieved, compatibility processing is not needed, and a rapid-recovering mechanism can be started and stopped according to the requirements of a user and an environment.


Designed as a stimulus for American Indian educational development, these examples of community development programs among the Southwestern Indians are presented via the case study approach in the interest of analyzation of both positive and negative experiences. Specifically, this book presents case studies of: (1) the Round Rock School on the Navajo reservation (emphasis upon the successful development of the school during its first three years, 1952-56, via community involvement and community decision making); (2) the Low Mountain community on the Navajo reservation (a 1955-56 community development project impeded by removal of catalytic agents, including a report by the Low Mountain people detailing their achievements and their petition for a boarding school, weekly and monthly Navajo Agency reports, and correspondence between Federal and community representatives); (3) the San Carlos Apache Community Development Projects (three examples of highly successful community development projects, as reported in activity reports prepared by a community worker from the Indian Health Service, including program problems, approaches, activities, and evaluations relative to: a hospital auxiliary in 1958, a summer work program for girls in 1960, and the 1960 Peridot Water Project). (JC) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. ***********************************************************************


This article was summaried the nursing of prevention of noscomial infection of 6 human infections with high pathogenic H7N9.The disinfection and isolation measures contained the following 5 aspects:environmental management,pollution and the object surface disinfection,medical personnel protection,family protection and final processing.In 6 cases of patients with severe infection had been effectively controlled,cured and discharged.Secondary infection did not occur in them in hospital.1 patient with multiple organ dysfunction,was still in the hospital.No case of medical staff,patients' family members and other hospital patients was infection.That can effectively prevent the spread of the disease.


The nanoscale structuring of molecules on silicon surfaces is one approach for combining the tuneable properties of chemical species with the functionality of semiconductor materials. In this study, we report on the growth characteristics of trimethylene sulfide (TMS) on p- and n-type H-Si(100)-2 x 1. The nanostructures formed by TMS on either surface are indistinguishable by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). However, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and modeling by density functional theory indicate that the molecular attachment mechanism differs with dopant type. Our results show that TMS adds to a surface silicon dangling bond through the formation of a Si-S bond on p-type silicon and through the formation of a Si-C bond on n-type silicon. In both cases, the added TMS undergoes ring opening following covalent bond formation with the surface. The different ring-opened radicals are able to abstract a hydrogen atom from one of two neighboring silicon dimers. The overall reaction produces TMS-derived nanostructures that grow via a square-wave pattern on the neighboring edges of two dimer rows.


Purpose Although interns are responsible for caring for dying patients, little is known about end-of-life education and training, including communication skills, in U.S. medical schools. This study of three consecutive cohorts of new interns assessed their perceptions of the amount and types of classroom and clinical instructional strategies used during medical school, their self-rated skill and comfort levels in different aspects of end-of-life communication, and the associations between these measures. Method A self-administered questionnaire was given to three consecutive cohorts (1996–1998) of incoming interns (n = 162). Measures were self-reported amount and type of education and clinical experience with four end-of-life communication domains (giving bad news, discussing advance directives, discussing prognosis with the patient, and discussing with the patient's family) and self-perceived comfort and skill levels in relation to different types of end-of-life communication. Results A total of 157 interns completed the questionnaire. They reported very little classroom teaching, clinical observation, or clinical experience with end-of-life communication during medical school. They lacked comfort and skill in the end-of-life communication domains that were studied. More reported clinical observation and experience with caring for and communicating with dying patients was associated with greater perceived comfort and skill, while classroom teaching was not. Conclusions These interns, mostly U.S. medical school graduates (98.7%, n = 155) reported little training and low self-perceived comfort and skill with important elements of end-of-life communication that might contribute to a lack of preparedness to address these issues during their internship. Further research that confirms and explains the underlying reasons for these findings seems warranted.


HiGH SCHOOl.: CURRICULUM Tothe Supervising Prin5ipals:In the course of an address at an educational meeting during the present school year the speaker referred to ':' the ever increasing number of subjects which have been added to the high school curriculum." It is commonly assumed that the high school curriculum includes today a much greater number of studies than, it did fifty years ago, tw~ntv-five years ago, or ten years ago. Judging from the trend' of thought expressed at several conferences on curriculum revision which I have attended.during the present year, and judging also from the current literature on the country-wide movement for curriculum revision, it is safe to conclude that there is a universal belief or assumption that the number of high school studies has steadily and rapidly increased until the present number is far in excess of what the number was in the not distant past. I· know of only one, authentic investigation that has been made to getermine what the, real facts are in regard to the increase in the number of high school subjects. That investigation was made by A. D. Askins, Ohio State University, and was for the State of Ohio only. Investigations in other states might show different results, but it is interesting to note that the general assumption of a great increase in the number of 'studies is not true for Ohio. Thirty-one subjects were taught in the high schools of Ohio seventy-two years ago, in 1855; twenty-nine in 1900; and .thirty-two in 1910. The number in 1923, when the investigation was made, was thirty-three. The 1923 curriculum had two more subjects than the curriculum of 1855; four more than that of 1900; and one more than that of 1910. , The facts disclosed by the' Ohio investigation give rise to the question of whether the general assumption that the number of studies has greatly increased would hold true in alI the states in the face of investigations that would get at the facts. I don't know what the answer to that question would be, The purpose of this communication is to calI attention' to 'the value of facts in reaching general conclusions, and that common opinion or general assumption will frequently fail to square with a careful investigation of things as ~hey are. I suggest that you discuss this subJect briefly at your next teachers' meeting.


Stress is known to result in impairment of learning and memory and precipitate several affective disorders including depression and anxiety. Drugs of natural origin are known to possess several effects on the central nervous system and are emerging as promising alternative. Beta-asarone is one of the main bioactive constituents in traditional Chinese medicine Acorus calamus. Forskolin, a labdane diterpene is the main active ingredient in the ayurvedic herb Coleus forskohlii (Labatiae) that has been used in India since ancient times. The present study was designed to evaluate the antistress activity of the isolated compounds. The compounds were isolated by normal phase column chromatography and the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Beta-asarone and Forskolin were tested using elevated plus maze (EPM) model and forced swimming test (FST) respectively in Swiss albino mice. Albino mice were treated with different doses of the extracts (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg orally) and behavior was observed on the EPM and FST. Results showed that isolated compounds Beta-asarone and Forskolin at the dose of 100 mg/kg markedly increased the average time spent in the open arms in EPM and the same compounds showed a significant decrease in the time spent immobile by mice in FST. These results provide support for the potential antistress activity.


the eyes of the citizenry, modern thinkers such as Hobbes argued that the political arrangements that followed from this sober view of human capacities might be more moderate, just, and humane. In other words, by narrowing the scope of the "political," Hobbes helped prepare an opening to a "private" realm where we can each cultivate what is appropriate to us, by our means, and according to our lights, howsoever dim. Hobbes's justification for his transformation follows from an appreciation that the most significant problem posed to politics is the desire for dominion, which too often parades in the guise of virtue. I grant that Hobbes's universe does not make for good poetry, but it prepares the way for liberty. While no one doubts the importance of continued and sustained reflection on what constitutes the highest possibilities for human beings, conceiving of politics in terms of "legitimacy" (as opposed to "virtue") is ironically not altogether base. Neither does it make virtue impossible. Instead of making virtue the goal of an ever expanding political program, the moderns leave the cultivation of one's excellence to each. That we can no longer trust this arrangement is not properly an indictment of modern political philosophy and practice, but more appropriately of human nature. —Eduardo A. Velasquez


The present paper assesses (a) the predictive utility of expanding the normative component of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to include a measure of descriptive norms, and (b) the moderating role of group identification on TPB-intention relations. In Study 1 (N= 48), male soccer fans read a vignette describing a potential confrontation with opposition fans. In Study 2 (N= 129), male field-hockey players read a vignette describing an aggressive act against an opponent to prevent a goal. The TPB was a strong predictor of intentions (R2s= .80 and .64). The addition of descriptive norms increased the amount of variance explained in both studies. Little evidence was found to support the moderating role of group identification on TPB-intention relations. The discussion focuses on the distinction between attitudinal and behavioral descriptive norms, the group as an external facilitating control factor, and the impact of individuals' self- and social identities.


A new grain-oriented silicon steel with a higher degree of grain orientation than usually obtainable by known conventional procedures was developed. The new material (HI-B) has made large improvements in core loss and magnetostriction characteristics by effects due to surface coating that are more remarkable with a higher degree of grain orientation. HI-B is 2-3 grade better than today's conventional products. Furthermore, there will be the possibility of improvement by 1-2 grade in the near future. HI-B has lower linear magnetostriction as compared to conventional material and is less sensitive to stress in spite of superior magnetic properties. Actual transformers made from HI-B materials have improved transformer characteristics such as core loss, exciting VA, and noise, reflecting the magnetic properties of materials.


A new genus, Paraphyllocoptes, and five new species, Paraphyllocoptes shiwanshanensi (type species: Paraphyllocoptes), Epitrimerus piper, Phyllocoptes machilus, Vasates guangxiensis and Disella cylindrokeluphae are described from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China. Type specimens are deposited in the College of Agriculture, Guangxi University. All measurements are given in micrometers.Paraphyllocoptes gen.nov.Spindleform, shield with anterior lobe, dorsal tubercles situated in front of hind margin, dorsal seta pointing inward and backward, seta on genu of hindlegs absent, featherclaw simple, 6-rayed. Thanosome with arcuate tergites. Coxae and ventral setae present.Type species: Paraphyllocoptes shiwanshanensis sp. nov. Etymology. The genus name is derived from the name of the genus "Phyllocoptes", and para,Greek.Remarks. This new genus belongs to Phyllocoptinae. It resembles Phyllocoptes Nalepa, 1889, but can be distinguished by seta on genu of hindlegs absent and dorsal setae pointing inward and backward.[KH*2D]1 Paraphyllocoptes shiwanshanensis sp.nov. (Figs.1-6)Female. Body fusiform, 200.0-208.8 long, 67.5-70.0 wide, 57.5 thick. Rostrum 35 long, projecting down. Shield 50 long, 47.5 wide, with anterior lobe, median and submedian lines incomplete, admedian complete. Admedian and submedian lines forming 2 rows of cells by 2 cross lines. Dorsal tubercles 17.5 apart, anterior to hind margin, dorsal seta 5 long, pointing inward and backward. Anterior coxae with sternal line, 3 pairs of coxal setae present, coxae smooth. Forelegs 17.5 long, claw not knobbed, feather claw simple, 6-rayed. Hindlegs 17 long, genual seta absent; claw not knobbed. Thanosome with arcuate tergites, sternites with round microtubercles. Lateral seta and 3 pairs of ventral setae present, coverflap of female genitalia with 10-12 ribs.Holotype ♀; paratypes: 8♀♀,3♂♂.Host: Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. (Rutaceae). Vagrant.Shiwandashan National Forst Park,Shangsi County(22°06′N, 107°55′E), Guangxi, collected by WEI Sui-Gai, CHEN Jian-Wen and TAN Xiu-Mei, 21 July 2001.Etymology. The specific name shiwanshanensis is derived from Shiwandashan, the locality where the specimens of the new species were collected.Epitrimerus piper sp. nov. (Figs. 7-11)Female. Body fusiform, 205 long, 55 wide, 52 thick, light yellow in color. Rostrum projecting down. Dorsal shield 42 long, 52 wide, with anterior lobe; median line incomplete, interrupted; admedian and submedian lines incomplete. Sides of shield with short lines; dorsal tubercles 12 apart, anterior to rear margin of shield; dorsal setae 5 long, projecting upward and inward. Coxae of forelegs with sternal line, 3 pairs of coxal setae present, coxae with short lines. Forelegs 27 long; featherclaw simple, 5-rayed, claw knobbed. Hindlegs 26 long, claw knobbed. Thanosome dorsally with dorso-central ridge and dorso-lateral ridges; sternites bearing round microtubercles. Lateral seta and 3 pairs of ventral setae present, Coverflap of female genitalia with 12-14 longitudinal ribs. Holotype ♀; paratypes: 16♀♀,3♂♂. Host: Piper sarmentosum Rocb. (Piperaceae) Vagrant. Shiwandashan National Forst Park,Shangsi County(22°06′N, 107°55′E), Guangxi, collected by WEI Sui-Gai, and XIE Man-Chao, 5 July 2003.Etymology. The specific name is derived from Piper, the name of the host plant on which the new species was collected.Remarks. This new species resembles Epitrimerus ipomoeae Wei, Feng et Huang, 1999, but can be differentiated from the latter by the lateral median lines incomplete and coverflap with 12-14 longitudinal ribs.3\ Phyllocoptes machilus sp.nov.(Figs.12-17)Female. Body fusiform, 163 long, 55 wide, 64 thick, light yellow in color. Rostrum projecting down. Dorsal shield 39 long, 50 wide, with small frontal lobe; median line incomplete, present on the anterior and the rear 1/5, respectively. admedian lines complete, forming a network. Dorsal tubercles and setae present. Anterior coxae with sternal line, 3 pairs of coxal setae present, coxae with granules. Forelegs 32 long, featherclaw simple, 4-rayed, claw knobbed. Hindlegs 30 long. Thanosome tergites 39-41 and sternites 58-60 both with round microtubercles. Lateral seta and 3 pairs of ventral setae present, coverflap of female genitalia with 10-12 longitudinal ribs. Holotype ♀, paratypes 20♀♀, 2♂♂. Host: Machilus salicina Hance (Lauraceae). Vagrant. Shiwandashan National Forst Park,Shangsi County(22°06′N, 107°55′E), Guangxi, collected by WEI Sui-Gai, and XIE Man-Chao, 5 July 2003.Etymology. The specific name is derived from Machilus, the name of the host plant on which the new species was collected.Remarks. This new species resembles Phyllocoptes scotti Keifer, 1940, but can be differentiated by the dorsal tubercles located anterior to rear margin of shield, dorsal seta projecting upward and inward, tergites with round microtubercles and featherclaw 4-rayed.4\ Vasates guangxiensis sp. nov. (Figs.18-22)Female. Body fusiform, 200 long, 62.5 wide, 62.5 thick. Rostrum projecting down. Dorsal shield 31 long, 56 wide, anterior lobe present; median line incomplete and admedian lines complete, with 2 dashes connecting anterior part of median line and admedian lines; lines on shield forming a network. Four cells with short lines on shield rear margin. Dorsal tubercles locate on posterial margin of shield and 34 apart. Anterior coxae with sternal line, 3 pairs of coxal setae present, coxae with V-shaped lines. Forelegs 24 long, featherclaw simple, 5-rayed, claw unknobbed. Hindlegs 23 long, claw unknobbed. Thanosome with 32 tergites and 64-65 sternites, both tergites and sternites with round microtubercles. Lateral seta and 3 pairs of ventral setae present. Coverflap of Female genitalia smooth. Holotype ♀, paratypes 12♀♀. Host: Bambusa sp. (Gramineae). Vagrant. Shiwandashan National Forst Park,Shangsi County(22°06′N, 107°55′E), Guangxi, collected by WEI Sui-Gai, and XIE Man-Chao, 5 July 2003.Etymology. The specific name guangxiensis is derived from Guangxi, the locality where the new species was collected.Remarks. This new species resembles Vasates gleditsiae Keifer, 1959, but can be differentiated by the coverflap smooth and coxae with V-shaped lines.5\ Disella cylindrokeluphae sp. nov.(Figs.23-27)Female. Body fusiform, 118.8-137.5 long, 47.5-58.8 wide, 42.5 thick. Rostrum projecting down. Dorsal shield 28.8 long, 48.8 wide, with short and small frontal lobe; median and admedian lines complete, forming 3 pairs of cells by 3 transverse lines; submedian lines incomplete. Dorsal tubercles 23 apart, ahead of rear margin of shield; dorsal setae 7 long, projecting forward and inward; without coxal setae Ⅰ ; coxae with short lines. Forelegs 17 long; tibia 1 long; featherclaw simple, 4-rayed, claw with a small knob. Hindlegs 14.5 long, tibia 1 long. Thanosome with light wide groove behind median ridge; with 34-39 smooth tergites and 45-48 round microtubercles sternites. Lateral seta and 3 pairs of ventral setae present, base of coverflap of female genitalia with 8-10 longitudinal ribs. Holotype ♀, paratypes: 10♀♀, 1♂. Host: Cylindrokelupha ropinsonii (Gapn) Kost (Papilionaceae). Vagrant. Shiwandashan National Forst Park,Shangsi County(22°06′N, 107°55′E), Guangxi, collected by WEI Sui-Gai, CHEN Jian-Wen and TAN Xiu-Mei, 21 July 2001.Etymology. The specific name is derived from Cylindrokelupha, the name of the host plant on which the new species was collected.Remarks. This new species resembles Disella micklis Boczek,1989, but can be differentiated by the shield pattern, coxae with short lines, and coverflap with 8-10 longitudinal lines and accessory seta.


For determining the crystallisation age of a mafic rock body covered with loess, 69 zircons were dated using LA-ICP-MS (Laser AblationInductive Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) U-Pb analysis. These zircons were taken from a heavy mineral placer in the spring area of the Seufzergrundel creek close to Hinterhermsdorf (Saxony Switzerland, Germany). The placer consists of volcanic rock minerals, eroded loess particles as well as Cretaceous sandstone grains. While almost all analyses give ages that are older than ~ 230 Ma (Sonntag 2007) two large zircon grains yielded a concordia age of 30.5 ± 0.58 Ma. As these grains have been too heavy for Pleistocenian aeolian transportation, an origin from the loess cover can be excluded. Therefore, the young zircon most likely date the crystallisation of the mafic rock body which crosscuts the granitic basement rocks and the overlying Cretaceous sandstone. The magmatism is related to a widespread tectonic rifting event in Central Europe during the Oligocene.


This paper is written about drying properties of the cylindrical moisture iron sands. Range of distribution of granular diameter of iron sand is layed from one hundred fifty to twenty Tayler's mesh. The experimental sample is chosen to use size rauge of iron sands from sixty to eighty Tayler's mesh.


The British Columbia zooplankton interact with their physical environment in remarkable ways. The same currents that provide plankters with phenomenal seasonal blooms in productivity are constantly threatening to whisk them away to foreign waters. To persist and thrive in BC's rich waters, each zoogeographic group has evolved innovative life strategies that scientists are only beginning to understand. The result is a highly structured mosaic of boreal zooplankton communities that finds it hyperbole in the dynamic fjords of the BC coast. All this spatial and temporal variability attracts an ecosystem of predators, including the great whales.


In the context of the Portuguese pluricontinental monarchy, since the sixteenth century that the inhabitants of the Atlantic islands (Madeira and the Azores) were seen more than once as an important resource of the crown with the goal of peopling and defending the borderlands of the Portuguese empire in South America, in face of the pressure and competition from other European polities. In this article, we present the general outlines of that strategy of the Portuguese monarchy in the seventeenth century, with the beginning of the implementation of a policy of transporting "couples" from the Azores in order to establish the basis of white settlement in the imperial frontier in the Amazon region (Para and Maranhao), a process that, like the recruits, was only interrupted with the independence of Brazil in 1822.


It has become an annual ritual on Israeli television that, near Independence Day, several intellectuals are gathered in the studio in order to discuss the question whether there is an authentic Israeli culture and what exactly is its nature. Soon enough, popular music turns up as a major subject. It seems that popular music has become one of the few areas in Israel in which a vivid scene of cultural activity takes place, without public funding, and which plays a role in shaping a sense of identity for various groups.


Syntheses via the phosphotriester method are described for DNA oligonucleotides containing O4-ethylated thymine (e4Thy) and adenine (Ade) bases, d(e4TpA), d(Ape4T), and d(Ape4TpA), for their unmodified analogs, d(TpA), d(ApT), and d(ApTpA), and for d(Tpe4TpT). 1H NMR chemical shift data obtained from 10 to 70 °C at 300 and 500 MHz show that these molecules form right-handed minihelices at low temperature in aqueous solution; the presence of the O4-ethyl group does not seem to have a drastic effect on the stacking geometry of the thymine base. The presence of right-handed stacking is confirmed by circular dichroic data obtained over a similar temperature range. Coupling constants for the sugar ring indicate that the e4Tp unit of d(e4TpA) does not show the shift towards the 3′-endo (N) pucker noted for the corresponding unit of d(e4TpT). A prominent quasimolecular ion peak [M – H]− is observed for the modified and unmodified molecules in the spectra obtained by Fast Atom Bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-M...


If Darko Suvin, still the reference point for those wanting to study the subject, describes science fiction (SF) as a "mode of cognitive estrangement," then the present volume engages, directly, indirectly, with that proposition. A few essays mention the difficult taxonomy of the genre, overrunning, hybrid, abject or also, as Rob Latham writes, "in the process of becoming pure vapor" (), but a similar "impropriety" exists in relation to its politics. What is proper or improper, what belongs, what doesn't belong, exists, as Jacques Derrida has shown, at the heart of the question about genre. But as a form, SF's impropriety – beyond that which is proper to all genres – also concerns the exposure of a repressed impropriety that makes up the subject, the home, the nation-state, the market, the present, that which engenders "me," engenders "us." SF tends, as such, to be associated with possibilities, the Blochian principle of hope that Mark Bould mentions, for example, or altered states experienced through SF games, whose different spatialities or choreographies (a reference to Mark J. P. Wolf's description of the mechanics of gaming) allow for the emergence of transformations, deformations of contemporary culture, experienced as "historical present" (). This collection of essays provides a good starting point for investigations into alternative ways of being in the world explored through SF: Lisa Yaszek's study of "Afrofuturism in American Science Fiction" and Alexis Lothian's contribution on feminist and queer SF are cases in point, here, particularly because they encourage readings of less familiar texts that have previously been overshadowed by those that by now seem to produce only dull responses, the same arguments, gestures that are predictable in advance. Amongst these perhaps necessarily broad essays are outstanding chapters: David M. Higgins's work on SF after "/," Roger Luckhurst's chapter on "American Weird," the final piece titled "After America" by Rebekah C. Sheldon, all of which deliver compelling analyses that go way beyond survey or introduction. I'd like to concentrate, briefly, if also through digressions, on Luckhurst's essay. Of all of those included here, it is the only one (though Priscilla Ward and Patrick Jagoda touch on the subject, too) to address a myth that falls a little short of study in a collection where the notion of the state forms the basis for an interrogation of the functioning, in/through "American" SF, of political borders but for which there still exists, as if "naturally," the concept of the "human." It is odd that what Sheldon calls "the experience of dispossession" () – an experience which very evidently recurs as a


AbstractUnderwater and shoreline survey and excavation at the Herodian harbor of Sebastos, the port of Caesarea Maritima on the Mediterranean coast of Israel, have provided important new information on Roman harbor design and construction. Local and imported materials were carefully selected and used to construct two immense breakwaters that framed outer and inner basins. Hydraulic concrete was used in a sophisticated manner, and ingenious sluice gates and a subsidiary breakwater provided protection against siltation and storm damage.


Low back pain is one of the most widespread public health concerns and physiotherapists frequently experience work-related low back pain. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of low back pain and the factors associated with the consequences of work-related low back pain among physiotherapists in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to January 2022 among physiotherapists working in Dhaka. A total of 212 male and female physiotherapists, aged between 22 and 40 years, participated in this study. Descriptive statistics (number and percentage) were used to express the prevalence rate and the association between pain and professional practice-related variables was measured by using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test where appropriate. There were more male physiotherapists (67%) than female therapists (33%). Overall, 25% of participants reported that they had low back pain before they started working as a physiotherapist, which increased to 87.3% after they had started working as a physiotherapist. The most common therapist-related risk was incorrectly using body mechanics (50.5%), working in an awkward position (50%) and repeated bending and twisting movements (49.1%). The most common patient-related risk factor was reported as dealing with a patient who was overweight (44.8%) and the most common work-related factor was reported as lack of sufficient resting time between patients (44.8%). There was a significant association between low back pain with the designation of the therapist, working hours and the number of patients treated in a day. Work-related low back pain is prevalent among physiotherapists in Dhaka city. The pain was significantly associated with the designation of the therapist, working hours, and the number of patients treated by the therapist in a day. Preventive strategies, as well as proper patient handling techniques, should be followed while handling patients.


Through analyzing on the demerits of traditional financial function, this paper emphasizes the necessity of carrying out the transformation of the financial function, makes clear the transforming direction of the financial function, and points out that the directional transformation of the financial function is transforming from the traditional function emphasizing the financial historic data to the future function emphasizing the company appreciation.


BACKGROUND Neuraxial blockade has a wide range of clinical applications in the field of surgery, obstetrics and even pain management. The technique of spinal anaesthesia is simple and has high success rate and hence is most commonly performed in many institutions. It can be given in two approaches midline and paramedian but is associated with technical difficulties in elderly patients due to calcified interspinous ligaments. Hence, this study was conducted to compare the efficacies of both the approaches in elderly. the conventional midline approach in elderly patients with regard to first attempt success rates and other complications.


Variability was estimated for 30 clones of Dioscorea floribunda. The genotypic coefficient of variability was higher in diosgenin yield per plant, number of fingers per tuber and diosganin percentage. Heritability was observed to be moderate to high in almost all the characters and high values of heritability were associated with higher genetic advance sxpressed as a pereantage of mean for diosgenin yield and diosgenin percentage The genotypic correlation coefficients between diosgenin yield per plant and closgenin percentage, diy tuber weight, fresh tuber weight, girth of tuber at lower portion was observed to be positively significant Diosgenin percentage was negatively, but weakly correlated to dry tuber weight per plant, fresh tuber woight per plant, girth of tuber at lower portion and to number of fingers pes tuber. Dry tuber weight per plant, fresh tuber weight per plant, girth of tuber at lower portion and number or fingers par tuber were positively significant among each other.


Through the assessment of an experience in cultural agency, this article of reflection tackles the concept of mandatory heterosexuality, or heteronormativity...


Latent environmental risks at the former military site of Camp Eschborn near Frankfurt/Main were investigated beginning in 1992. The 62 hectare site was first inspected, documents were collected and an analysis was made with the aid of site plans and aerial photographs. Investigation of 20 suspicious areas began in 1993. A total of 34 bore-holes and 4 groundwater measuring points were sufficient to demonstrate the need for remediation measures at 9 locations.


In transient flight, rotor wakes and tip vortex generated by unsteady blade air-loads and blade motions are fully unsteady and 3-dimensionally-aperiodic, giving rise to significant complicity in accurate analysis compared to steady flight. We propose a hybrid approach by splitting the motions of a maneuvering helicopter into translation and rotation. Translation is simulated using a non-inertial moving (translating) coordinate for which new governing equations are derived, and rotations are simulated by moving each grid in the frame. A flow simulation (CFD) code is constructed by using the hybrid approach, then two simple cases (accelerating/decelerating flight and right-turn flight) for maneuvering helicopter are calculated using the moving overlapped grid method, which is now one of the most advanced techniques for tip-vortex capture. The vortex bundling phenomena, which is a main characteristic of right-turn flight, is well captured by the simulation code. The results of the present study provide better understanding of the characteristics for maneuvering rotorcraft, which can be valuable in full helicopter design.


The Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor (RMB) is a venture sponsored by the Federal government. The National Commission for Nuclear Energy is responsible for its construction and operation. Its main applications are to produce radioisotopes and radioactive sources for health, industry, agriculture and environment; irradiate materials and nuclear fuels, to allow its analysis of performance and behavior under irradiation in nuclear reactors; scientific and technological research with beams of neutrons. The city of Iperó was chosen as the site for its installation. In this area, the Experimental Center of Aramar (CEA), a venture developed and operated by the Navy Technological Center in Sao Paulo (CTMSP), has been operating since April 1988, as part of its development program nuclear propulsion. The CEA is located at Ipanema Farm, 10 km from the city of Iperó and 15 km from the city of Sorocaba, Brazil. The area subject to gamma in situ survey should cover 5 Km radius around it (area of direct influence of the reactor) and 10 Km radius around it (area of indirect influence). Current data related to the land and water uses are raised by researchers responsible for the description of this item through site visits and sampling campaigns for data collection more consistent with current realities in the region. For a gamma survey of local background, in situ measurements in large areas were performed using sodium iodide detectors, assembled in car. Measurements were made within in a period of one week and the results were satisfactory and consistent with the background and showed similar values when compared with other areas with the same characteristics. .


Let $F$ be a number field, and $\BA=\BA_F$. In this paper, first, we provide a family of global Arthur parameters confirming all parts of a general conjecture on the relation between the structure of Fourier coefficients and the structure of global Arthur parameters, given by Jiang in 2012. Then we extend a correspondence between certain automorphic forms on $Sp_{4n}(\BA)$ and $\wt{Sp}_{2n}(\BA)$, given by Ginzburg, Jiang and Soudry in 2012, to certain automorphic forms on $Sp_{4mn}(\BA)$ and $\wt{Sp}_{4mn \pm 2n}(\BA)$, using the same idea of considering compositions of automorphic descent maps.


Present contribution deals with the role of weak but finite electron inertia on the sheath formation condition. As reported earlier this becomes effective when the ions' drift velocity exceeds the phase velocity of the acoustic wave fluctuations. Such situation has natural existence near the sheath edge. Keeping this in mind we have revisited the problem of usual Bohm sheath condition. Analytical and numerical analysis have been performed to re- derive the local condition for plasma sheath formation. It is found that the weak but finite electron inertia reduces the threshold value of ion Mach number that may be, at least in principle, of qualitative value to define the sheath edge boundary. Consideration of finite but weak equilibrium electron flow at the defined sheath edge shrinks the width of non- neutral space charge layer over which major potential drop and charge imbalance occurs. Detailed numerical analysis and results of quantitative and qualitative importance are included in the text.


We investigate the effects of the Casimir force on the output properties of a hybrid optomechanical system. In this system, a nanosphere is fixed on the movable-mirror side of the standard optomechanical system, and the nanosphere interacts with the movable-mirror via the Casimir force, which depends on the mirror–sphere separation. In the presence of the probe and control fields, we analyze the transmission coefficient and the group delay of the field-component with the frequency of the probe field. We also study the transmission intensity of the field-component with the frequency of a newly generated four-wave mixing (FWM) field. By manipulating the Casimir force, we find that a tunable slow light can be realized for the field-component with the frequency of the probe field, and the intensity spectrum of the FWM field can be enhanced and shifted effectively.


Abstract : A Preliminary Assessment (PA) was conducted at the U. S. Army Reserve Center, Manitowoc, Wisconsin (MARC) to evaluate site conditions and the potential for hazardous materials migration and contamination exposure to surrounding environs. To accomplish this task, records were reviewed, an on-site inspection was conducted, and interviews were conducted with present and past personnel at the MARC and with local and state regulatory personnel. No sampling activities were conducted, but past sampling records were reviewed. The operations at MARC require the handling of some hazardous materials/hazardous wastes (HM/HW). Past HM/HW handling practices resulted in a contaminated dry well which was cleaned up in 1992. Results of the two Site Investigations indicate that the trichloroethylene (TCE) which has been found in a nearby public water supply well is not emanating from the MARC site. No other past or present operations at the MARC appear likely to pose a threat to public health and welfare or the environment. It is therefore recommended that the U.S. Army take the necessary steps for site closeout of the MARC from the IRP. U.S. Army Reserve Center, Manitowoc, Wisconsin, 377th Maintenance company, 86th ARCOM, CERCLA, Preliminary assessment, Hazardous waste.


Background and Aim: Supraglottic airway devices are increasingly being used as an excellent alternative to mask ventilation and tracheal intubation with least complications. The present randomized, prospective study was conducted to compare the I-Gel with LMA-Supreme with respect to time taken for insertion, insertion success rate, ease of insertion of gastric tube, hemodynamic changes before and after insertion and post-operative airway morbidity. Materials and Methods: Sixty American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) grade-I and II patients between 18-60 years age, of either sex, were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 patients each. Group A: I-gel was inserted and Group B: LMAsupreme was inserted by grasping firmly along the integral bite block (Digital Technique). Hemodynamic responses were recorded before induction and at the intervals after insertion of LMA Supreme/I-Gel. Time taken for insertion, insertion success rate and ease of insertion of gastric tube was noted. Patients were inspected for any trauma to mouth, lip and tongue in the immediate postoperative period and asked about sore throat, hoarseness and dysphonia 24 hours after the surgery. Statistical analysis was carried out with student's t-test and chi-square test and value of P0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Insertion time of I-Gel (11.07±1.93 seconds) was faster than the LMA-Supreme (12.50±2.35 seconds) and the results were statistically significant (P=0.01). Ease of insertion of gastric tube was more in LMA Supreme (28/30) as compared to I Gel (26/30) but statistically this difference came out to be non-significant (P=0.157).The two groups were comparable as far as the insertion success rate , hemodynamics and post-operative airway morbidity were concerned. Conclusion: I-Gel is better than LMA-Supreme in terms of faster insertion time. Insertion success rate, ease of insertion of gastric tube, hemodynamics and post-operative airway morbidity is comparable in both the groups.


In the past decade, there has been a significant expansion of international legal measures designed to address the problems of exploitative child labour. New measures addressing issues of child labour have imposed new positive obligations on States. This chapter discusses the two key areas of State obligations. The first is the set of obligations which have effective criminal law measures, including obligations to establish jurisdiction over crimes committed outside the State's territory in some cases, and the obligation of international co-operation in the investigation and prosecution of crimes involving these forms of child labour. The second is the set of obligations to protect children who have been victims of abusive child labour, including obligations to provide asylum or residence to such children, to provide rehabilitation measures and to provide compensation or civil remedies. Keywords: child labour; criminal law measures; international co-operation; jurisdiction; State obligations


Universal war is a conflict that involves many components of the state in defending the territory of the state. In order to face universal war, good preparation and training for soldiers is very important. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the role of drills and simulations in preparing soldiers for universal warfare. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method in the Indonesian Air Force. The results showed that drills and simulations have an important role in preparing soldiers for universal warfare. Drills and simulations help improve soldiers' technical and tactical skills, improve situational awareness, and improve soldiers' ability to work in difficult and complex conditions. In addition, exercises and simulations also help identify weaknesses and strengths in the operation plan, so that necessary improvements can be made before the actual operation is carried out. However, the study also shows that exercises and simulations are not fully capable of mimicking the conditions of actual universal warfare. Therefore, exercises and simulations need to be made part of a broader training strategy, which includes training in more complex and realistic situations, as well as improvements in non-technical skills such as leadership, interpersonal skills, and ethics. The study concluded that training and simulation are one of the most important factors in preparing soldiers for universal warfare. Well-planned drills and simulations can help improve soldiers' ability to deal with difficult and complex situations in universal warfare, enabling them to act effectively in dangerous situations and defend national security.


This experiment tested the effects of three levels of judgmental similarity on evaluative-attraction and on uncertainty reduction. A significant increase in evaluative-attraction and a nonsignificant increase in certainty were found, as similarity in quantitative (error-choice type) judgments increased. The findings extended the generality of the similarity-attraction hypothesis and suggested limited support for the effectance-reduction hypothesis.


This paper aims at identifying and reflecting on the need for training in disability health professionals in Colombia will be analyzed from de perspective of the magnitude of this problem in the world. The purpose is considering the understanding of disability as a option of posgraduate training of professionals in health and rehabilitation. In addition to this, we intend to provide tools that support the understanding of disability and the reasons it is necessary is understanding. To achieve this goal, there will be a description of the extent of disability in the world and in Colombia, highlights the reasons why it is considered necessary understand it and finally, set forth the importance of conducting research in the area of disability. This analysis will be re taking into account the results of the results of the World Report on Disability of the World Health Organization (WHO).


Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of necrotic enteritis. Certain plant secondary products were investigated as potential agents to reduce the risk of C. perfringens colonisation in chickens. Four essential oils and 3 condensed tannins were tested. Fermentative activity of C. perfringens was inhibited by all essential oils tested, with the most effective being Lemon Myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) with a MIC of 0.05% v/v. This was at least twice as effective as Tea Tree oil. Condensed tannins were also effective as antimicrobial agents, with MICs of 0.6 – 1% w/v, where feed intake impairment in vivo did not occur until at least 3% w/v condensed tannin. The potential application of these secondary plant metabolites to feed formulations in vivo needs to be tested.


Every country has objectives for climate change, and public policies are implemented to achieve those commitments. This paper aims to review the different public policies used to promote the integration of photovoltaic technology into smart grids, taking the case of Portugal as reference. An analysis of previous supporting policies is performed both in Portugal and some European countries; these policies consist of feed-in tariffs, feed-in premiums, green certificates, electricity compensation, direct capital subsidies, and tax credits. The policies currently in force in Portugal no longer aim to support the technology; instead, they intend to promote it. Energy communities, local markets, and solar auctions are examples of public policies that are currently being used, not only to promote PV power but also the development of microgrids. Finally, the Portuguese solar auctions of 2019 and 2020 are analyzed and compared. It is concluded that auctions are a very effective way of expanding the installed capacity of the PV technology in the country and have more weight on promoting the technology than other promoting policies currently being used.


Thermolysis of 2-cinnamyloxy-2-methoxy-5,5-dimethyl-Δ3-1,3,4-oxadiazoline (1a) and the analogous 2-benzyloxy-2-methoxy compound (1b) at 110°C, in benzene containing benzylidenemalononitrile, afforded products of apparent regiospecific addition of methoxycarbonyl and cinnamyl (or benzyl) radicals to the double bond. When the thermolysis of 1a was run with added TEMPO, methoxycarbonyl and cinnamyl radicals were captured. Thermolysis of the 2,2-dibenzyloxy analogue (1c) in the presence of benzylidenemalononitrile gave an adduct that is formally the product of addition of benzyloxycarbonyl and benzyl radicals to the double bond. In this case, a radical addition mechanism could be ruled out, because the rate constant for decarboxylation of benzyloxycarbonyl radicals is very large. A mechanism that fits all of the results is predominant cyclopropanation of benzylidenemalononitrile by the dialkoxycarbenes derived from the oxadiazolines, in competition with fragmentation of the carbenes to radical pairs. The cycl...


Radioisotopes are used in agricultural research in soil studies, study of vegetable physiology, vegetable pathology, and entomology. Radiation is used by the geneticist and breeder in attempts to improve food plants. It is also used to sterilize harmful insects. Studies on food preservation by radiation were at first unsuccessful, but the first products treated by radiation are now becoming commercially available. (J.S.R.)