In this paper, we investigate the problem of maximizing the throughput over a finite-horizon time period for a sensor network with energy replenishment. The finite-horizon problem is important and challenging because it necessitates optimizing metrics over the short term rather than metrics that are averaged over a long period of time. Unlike the infinite-horizon problem, the fact that inefficiencies cannot be made to vanish to infinitesimally small values, means that the finite-horizon problem requires more delicate control. The finite-horizon throughput optimization problem can be formulated as a convex optimization problem, but turns out to be highly complex. The complexity is brought about by the "time coupling property," which implies that current decisions can influence future performance. To address this problem, we employ a three-step approach. First, we focus on the throughput maximization problem for a single node with renewable energy assuming that the replenishment rate profile for the entire finite-horizon period is known in advance. An energy allocation scheme that is equivalent to computing a shortest path in a simply-connected space is developed and proven to be optimal. We then relax the assumption that the future replenishment profile is known and develop an online algorithm. The online algorithm guarantees a fraction of the optimal throughput. Motivated by these results, we propose a low-complexity heuristic distributed scheme, called NetOnline, in a rechargeable sensor network. We prove that this heuristic scheme is optimal under homogeneous replenishment profiles. Further, in more general settings, we show via simulations that NetOnline significantly outperforms a state-of-the-art infinite-horizon based scheme, and for certain configurations using data collected from a testbed sensor network, it achieves empirical performance close to optimal.


One of the features of A. Sokurov's art is the author's manifest subjectivation of the material. In addition to the implicit presence of the author evident in the choice of the idea, the main character, the entire artistic solution, the director explicitly manifests himself in films. In this regard, both the degree and the quality of the author's presence in his own work are of interest. The focus of this study is the obviousness of the author's direct involvement in the very fabric, the structure of the film. The main purpose of the work is to identify and study the methods of the author's self-representation. The article analyzes films united by the pronounced author's "presence": the so-called cycle of non-fiction "Elegies", the films "Maria", "Russian Ark" and "Francophonie". This approach makes it possible to identify several basic techniques the director uses to represent the author's image. The first one is typical of Sokurov's art and presupposes the author who becomes the narrator of the film and models the narrated construction into a subjective artistic image. Another way of doing it, when the author acts as an interviewer, the latter is replaced by a silent interlocutor observing his hero. In this case, the director uses the principle of long-term observation, which allows him to see what is usually hidden behind words and external phenomena. Perhaps, the very unique way is turning Sokurov himself into the main character of his own film. Here the maximum subjectivation is achieved: the author shares his thoughts, feelings, enters the frame, actively interacts with the characters, forcing them to violate the principle of the "fourth wall". Sokurov even removes the figure of the actor and takes his place himself, in order to literally appeal directly to his viewer, lure him after with him. Thus, this study allows us to reveal Sokurov's combination of documentary cinema, television broadcasting, first-person computer game technologies and augmented reality simulators, expanding the boundaries of filmic reality and the language of cinema.


Thermodynamic stability of equilibrium in solids with intrinsic dissipation of plastic type is investigated. Rate-dependent plastic behaviour and its rate-independent limit are described with the help of internal variables of averaging type. A general condition sufficient for the stability of equilibrium in the sense of Lyapunov is formulated for a continuous plastic body interacting with a reversible work source and a heat reservoir. The relation to the classical Gibbs condition is discussed. As an application, the second-order stability condition in time-independent plasticity is derived in various forms, depending on the class of disturbances under consideration. Introduction One of the fundamental features of plasticity is that the intrinsic dissipation of energy does not tend to zero with a vanishing rate of macroscopic deformation. The macroscopic elastoplastic behaviour at a more refined scale of observation can appear as a large number of rapid non-equilibrium transitions (jumps) between equilibrium states of an elastic system (e.g. of a crystallographic lattice with dislocations). From this perspective, plasticity is inherently connected with instabilities at a micro-level. It is, therefore, not obvious how to apply the fundamental concepts of thermodynamic stability to systems with plastic dissipation. The author was unable to find in the literature a clear and satisfactory answer to this question, which is what motivated the present work. The classical Gibbs condition of stability of equilibrium (cf. [1]) is based directly on the Second Law of Thermodynamics. As is discussed later in greater detail, this condition (e.g., in its usual form of maximum entropy for constant energy) is not applicable to the plastic systems characterized above. In short, its fulfilment would exclude any micro1 The sense of the term "equilibrium" used here will be made clear later. J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. Vol. 20, 1995, No. 2 © Copyright 1995 Walterde Gruyter·Berlin·New York Thermodynamic stability of equilibrium in plasticity 133 scopic instability and, consequently, any incremental plastic behaviour. To overcome this difficulty, the approach developed below is based on the Second Law assumed in the strengthened (but physically plausible) form that the total dissipation consists of the plastic dissipation and of a complementary (e.g. thermal) part, which are separately nonnegative. The resulting condition, which is sufficient for stability of equilibrium, represents a weaker restriction than the classical one (in accordance with treating the micro-jumps not as instability symptoms but just as a source of plastic dissipation), and reduces to it when no plastic deformation occurs. To concentrate on plasticity aspects and to make the main concept and the related formulae more transparent, such phenomena as diffusion, chemical reactions, viscosity, etc. are disregarded. A continuous body of elastic-thermo-plastic material is considered. The boundary conditions and body forces result from interaction between the body and its environment, and the latter, contrary to the plastic body itself, is assumed to undergo only reversible changes. The peculiar features of plasticity are discussed in the preliminary Section 1. The main concept and the general thermodynamic condition of stability of equilibrium in plasticity are presented in Sections 2-4. The relation to the classical condition is discussed in Section 5, and applications to time-independent plastic solids are given in Section 6. 1. Thermodynamic formalism in finite strain plasticity 1.1. Thermodynamic state of a material element We start by specifying the notation for basic variables. Denote by ÷ and î the position vector of a material point in a continuum in the actual and reference configuration, respectively. A basic measure of the (macroscopic) finite strain and rotation is the deformation gradient F = ä÷/äî = Vx. Let e stand for an arbitrary symmetric strain measure of Lagrangian type, and the work-conjugate stress t be defined by the work differential (per unit reference volume) [2]: </w = S-dF = t-de. (1) A dot between two quantities denotes the appropriate inner product (e.g. S · dF = SijdFtj in the indical notation). S is the first (unsymmetric) Piola-Kirchhoff stress (the transpose of the nominal stress). Among the infinitely many work-conjugate pairs (t, e), one of the most popular consists of the Green strain as e and of the second PiolaKirchhoff stress as t. However, there is no need here to prefer some specific pair over another, and the reference configuration can be chosen arbitrarily. In the reference configuration e vanishes and t coincides with the Cauchy stress. If e and not F is used as a work variable for an anisotropic material then in changing to another reference configuration it is necessary to introduce orientation variables, e.g. a director triad or an orientation tensor [3]. Plastic behaviour at a macroscopic scale is considered as a consequence of microstructural rearrangements [4], The latter are described in the reference configuration by J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. Vol. 20, 1995, No. 2


Purpose The aim of this study was to encapsulate C3A cells into alginate microcapsules with an average diameter of ≤ 100 μm, thus enabling them to be recirculated in a bioartificial liver device based on MDS (Microsphere-based Detoxification System) technology. The microcapsules have to be permeable for essential proteins such as albumin. Methods C3A cells were encapsulated using alginate. The resulting alginate beads were coated with poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride) (pDADMAC) and poly(sodium-p-styrenesulfonate) (pSS). Their mechanical stability was tested by recirculation of the microcapsule suspension, while their permeability was determined by reverse-size exclusion chromatography and by the use of a confocal laser microscope. The metabolic activities of encapsulated C3A cells were compared to freely growing adherent C3A cells in static cultivation models. The metabolic functionality of encapsulated C3A cells in static conditions was compared to encapsulated C3A cells in a dynamic model. Results The mean diameter of the resulting microcapsules was 86 μm. Our experiments show that these microcapsules were permeable for albumin and the high flow rate of 600 ml/min in a dynamic model has no influence on the survival and the metabolic activities of the encapsulated cells during the tested time of 24 hours. Conclusions Alginate microcapsules containing C3A cells can be used to produce albumin and growth factors in a bioartificial or hybrid liver support system. Thanks to their small diameter, the microcapsules in suspension can be recirculated in the MDS.


Single-qubit gates are often the most accurate operations in prominent quantum computing platforms, such as trapped ions and superconducting qubits. We devise a verification protocol in the circuit model for checking the correctness of computations running on devices with accurate single-qubit gates. Our protocol has low overheads, as it only requires the capability of running several independent computations that take as input the same number of qubits as the computation being verified, and have a circuit depth between two and four times larger than that of the computation being verified. We begin with the assumption that the single-qubit gates are perfect, all other operations being affected by noise potentially correlated in time and space. We then extend our protocol to account for all the operations being noisy, with single-qubit gates inducing bounded (but not necessarily local in space and time) noise. With a doubling of the circuit depth, our protocol can provide a bound on the variation distance between noiseless and noisy probability distributions resulting from random circuit sampling on 2D architectures - a candidate for quantum supremacy.


A new power transmission and distribution concept-Modular Stacked DC (MSDC) - architecture is described. Its main application is subsea oil and gas processing, where marinization of system components, their reliability and retrieval are the most critical requirements. In contrast to conventional HVDC systems, the proposed MSDC technology achieves the required DC transmission voltage by stacking a number of power converter building blocks in series that are easy to marinize. Since each building block is similar to a standard VFD, the MSDC technology has potentially much lower cost and higher reliability. Moreover, the modular architecture renders the system fault-tolerant and capable of operating in a degraded mode. The architecture is also highly reconfigurable as the field matures and the loads evolve over time. A generic subsea field scenario for oil and gas has been designed and analyzed. The MSDC architecture and associated system control strategy are developed and tested using a real-time simulation platform together with an experimental scaled down prototype of 160 kVA.


AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the flow restructure and resistance in vegetal flow under wind shear action in shallow lakes. A special racetrack-style flume with two sets of driving devices installed on the top was designed to simulate the wind-driven current. Two typical types of live vegetation, Vallisneria natans and Acorus calamus of Taihu Lake in China, were planted in the system. The results revealed that the velocity distribution of vegetal flow under wind action differed from that in open channels. The velocity distribution can be described as logarithmic-curve shaped and contained a compensation current in the lower layer. The area within the effective height of vegetation in which the velocity was obviously affected comprised an effective friction region. When compared with V. natans, A. calamus displayed better resisting capacity. Based on measured data, a new empirical relationship between drag coefficient and wind speed was presented, which indicated the resistance ability of...


Influenza is a serious public health issue and pregnant women are one of the categories at higher risk of complications. Vaccination represents a safe and effective tool for prevention but the importance is not well perceived and the coverage is low (ECDC: 25% median in 2016/17). A program of education and free vaccination has been proposed to pregnant women following birthing classes. The aim was to increase pregnant awareness and to increase vaccination coverage of both parents. Classes about vaccinations, their timing and efficacy were given and a dedicated ambulatory operating twice a month during the flu season was set up. After the classes, the women were addressed to the ambulatory to be vaccinated. Vaccination was offered to the partners of the pregnant as well. General data, anamnesis and data about previous vaccinations were asked and then entered into a database.
 The number of women participating to the birthing classes from October 2019 to January 2020 was 119. Of those, from the beginning of the vaccination sessions on November 14th 2019 until January 16th 2020, 46 were vaccinated in the dedicated ambulatory (plus 2 in the resident ambulatory of the hospital). The compliance to vaccination was 40.34%. An additional number of 39 partners was also vaccinated. November was the month with the highest number of people vaccinated (20 women and 14 partners), while January had the lowest (7 women and 8 partners).
 As expected a higher number of people got vaccinated at the beginning of the flu season. A considerable number of partners decided to vaccinate, showing the parents understanding of the importance of herd immunity. Sensitising the women towards vaccination and increasing their awareness is crucial to improve women and new-borns' health status. Even though the compliance was considerable, a lot of work has to be done to improve vaccination coverage and to make the importance of vaccination clear.

 Providing a programme of sensitisation could improve influenza vaccination coverage. The compliance, although satisfactory, can be further improved providing different and steady educational strategies.


Positionality. As three creative and humanities practitioners, teachers and theorists, we propose a climate health/ care pedagogy to engage with the intersections of design and health. Our approaches range from creative-biological methods, to narrative, creative writing, photography, micro-histories and instrument making as means to speculate on the existence of different people, animals and places of health, the biosocial, and the way that technology configures contemporary health anxieties. We use these tools to reflect on the state of the thesis "curriculum" at the UK institutions where we collectively teach, the Sheffield School of Architecture, University of Sheffield, the Royal College of Art, and the Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL.


ABSTRACT This article examines conflicts over the transnationalization of South Korean celebrities in the wake of the Korean Wave (Hallyu) in the twenty-first century. I consider a number of celebrity controversies to argue that the demands placed upon Hallyu celebrities by domestic observers, foreign audiences, and global capital are fundamentally irreconcilable. South Korean nationalist appropriation of Hallyu, as well as the local celebrity culture, demand that Hallyu stars firstly be exemplary Korean patriots, whereas international audiences expect sympathy for their own causes. Local nationalist agendas have proven particularly troublesome because of postcolonial sensibilities and ongoing territorial disagreements between South Korea and its neighbors. Finally, as circulating commodities and commercial assets, Hallyu stars are also pledged to global capital. Their value is highest when they appeal to as broad an audience as possible and alienate no one with their politics. An apolitical neutrality on regionally controversial issues, however, is an untenable position when antagonistic geopolitical interests are concerned and nationalist passions flare. I situate this argument within critical scholarship on cultural globalization flows within Asia, while engaging celebrity studies to frame Hallyu stars as transnational commodities.


The purpose of this bulletin is to describe a methodology for calculating the short-term costs associated with alcohol-related injuries presenting to St Vincent's Emergency Department (ED). This costing analysis was part of a larger study undertaken at St Vincent's ED in 2004/05, which examined the role of alcohol in injury events. The NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research has published the substantive findings from this research in an accompanying Alcohol Studies Bulletin (see Poynton et al. 2005). The current bulletin provides the methodological detail that underpinned the calculations used to derive the costing estimates in this emergency department investigation.


Objective To evaluate the analytical features of the new automated prolactin assay using enzyme-linked fluorescent assay(ELFA) technology and to obtain information about its utility in clinical studies.Methods The parameters links precision,analytical sensitivity,linearity range,recovery rate,calibration curve stability and interfere factors of the PRL assay were determined.the comparison study was also performed versus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The total coefficient of variation was from 3.1%~4.3%,the minimal detection limit was 0.5ng/ml,the linearity range was from 0.5~200ng/mL,the mean recovery rate of dilution samples was 102.2%,the calibration curve was stable for at least 12 days.Adding of high concentration of bilirubin,triglyceride or hemoglobin into samples did not interfere prolactin measurement by proposed method(P0.05).Conclusion The ELFA method is reliable,precise,fairly rapid and easy to perform.This method is very useful and suitable for routine determinations of serum PRL levels in clinical laboratory.


A study of the spontaneous emission and gain in radiation of a free-electron laser having an elliptically polarised electromagnetic wiggler at the fundamental Doppler upshifted wiggler frequency and its odd harmonics using single particle dynamics is presented. "


DISSERTATION: Imposter Phenomenon and Counseling Self-efficacy: The Impact of Imposter Feelings STUDENT: Jane C. Royse Roskowski DEGREE: Doctor of Philosophy COLLEGE: Teachers College DATE: December, 2010 PAGES: 220 Since the imposter phenomenon was first identified, much research has been conducted on its occurrence in different populations and its impact on functioning. This study investigated the influence of the imposter phenomenon on counseling selfefficacy among graduate level counseling and counseling psychology trainees. A structural equation model was developed and tested to determine the relationships between counseling experience, the imposter phenomenon, and counseling selfefficacy. The model indicated that the imposter phenomenon had a negative relationship with counseling self-efficacy. It also revealed the influence of prior experience, months in practicum, and number of counseling hours on counseling selfefficacy. Additionally, the lack of relationship between experience and the imposter phenomenon suggested that imposter feelings persist beyond the early levels of trainees' development. The imposter phenomenon, however, moderated the relationships between two experience variables, months in practicum and number of counseling hours, and counseling self-efficacy. The results did not reveal a mediating effect of the imposter phenomenon on the relationship between experience and counseling self-efficacy. Supplementary analysis using a MIMIC model indicated no significant relationship between gender and imposter feelings. Strengths, limitations, directions for future research, and implications for practice and training counselors and counseling psychologists were presented.


Software testing is a major V&V activity that revolves around quality test cases. Generating quality test cases is inherently knowledge intensive, tedious and expensive task that is traditionally done by humans. Therefore, a great deal of research has been done to facilitate and automate test case generation as much as possible. Given the knowledge intensity of software test case generation, various knowledge management techniques, such as semantic-based techniques, are applicable. The main focus of our research is automatic generation of quality test cases using available knowledge from the early stages of software development, i.e. the RE. Our goal is to develop a semantic web enabled framework for integrating knowledge from various requirement models to generate effective and efficient test cases automatically. We are going to apply semantic technology to facilitate the test case generation process by means of ontologies and Web of Data.


The exponential growth in the Internet of Things (IoT) and rich availability of cloud services pushed the horizon of computing paradigm to Fog/Edge computing, where computing, storage, and network control can be carried at the edge of the network nearer to the end-devices. Fog/Edge computing provides security and privacy, reduces latency and saves network bandwidth. In this paper, we discuss some real-world applications of Fog/Edge computing and describe the research challanges and solutions for using Fog/Edge services in real-world applications.


The invention relates to a technology for preparing sulfuric acid, in particular to a technology for preparing sulfuric acid by taking low-quality sulfur and a waste salt liquid containing sulfur that are generated by a coke oven gas wet oxidation desulfurization technology which takes ammonia as an alkali source and takes quinone, cobalt and ferrum compositions such as HPF as catalysts as raw materials, and through processes of incineration, waste heat recovery, wet purification, wet contact method conversion, and condensation into acid. The technology thoroughly solves the problem of treatment of a waste desulfurization liquid and low-quality sulfur that are generated by the coke oven gas wet oxidation desulfurization technology which takes the quinone, cobalt and ferrum compositions such as HPF, PDS and ZL as the catalysts, so that the desulfurization technology is completed; produced sulfuric acid can serve as a raw material for deamination of coal gas of a factory, and for production of ammonium sulfate, can be exported as sulfuric acid goods; and double purposes of resource recycle and environmental protection are achieved.


In the era of "Internet plus", the teaching reform research focusing on students and improving students' comprehensive ability has become the focus of research at home and abroad. Through the practical research on the teaching reform of basic courses, this paper preliminarily explores how to carry out the teaching reform centering on students in the ear of "Internet +"in order to improve the comprehensive ability of students.


In the near future, exhaust pollutants of diesel engines will have to be drastically reduced. The oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) form the main challenge for diesel engine development. Despite pollutant reductions, the fuel economy of the engines should be kept at an adequate level to also prevent the increase in CO2 emissions and operational costs. For diesel engines, there are two main strategies for the reduction of NOx emissions. One is to increase the volume of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and to utilize very effective EGR cooling. The other is to use selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx removal. For SCR, urea based ammonia may be exploited but oxides of nitrogen can also be catalytically reduced by means of hydrocarbons (HC) originating from engine fuel. This latter system is termed HC-SCR. In the present study, an Ag-alumina based prototype HC-SCR catalyst was studied for removal of NOx emissions in a turbocharged, inter-cooled direct-injection off-road diesel engine. The fuel post-injection of the engine common-rail injection system was first optimized to produce a sufficient amount of hydrocarbons into the exhaust gases. The efficiency of the catalyst was then investigated in a few sets of engine operating conditions using a number of exhaust HC/NOx ratios. At its highest, a NOx removal efficiency of approximately 70% was obtained. This is not yet enough since efficiencies of approximately 90% are achieved with urea-based SCR catalysts. In the HC-SCR concept, however, no liquid additional to engine fuel is needed and problems of urea injection can be avoided. The use of the prototype HCSCR catalyst also proved to reduce exhaust particles moderately. In future studies, the HC production must be further developed, the conversion of NOx has to be improved, and the dimensions of the catalyst must be reduced.


The invention relates to a continuous determination method of sodium nitrite-potassium nitrate mixed salt in a salt bath, which is mainly technically characterized by firstly heating sample solution of the sodium nitrite-potassium nitrate mixed salt to a certain temperature, using potassium permanganate standard solution for titration under appropriate acidity, and utilizing the quantitative reaction of sodium nitrite and the potassium permanganate standard solution to calculate the content of the sodium nitrite in the sample solution; further acidifying the sample solution, adding excess ferrous ammonium sulphate standard solution, heating till boiling, keeping for 2-4 minutes, cooing to normal temperature, then sequentially adding water, phosphoric acid solution and sodium diphenylamine sulfonate indicator solution, using the potassium permanganate standard solution for titration, obtaining the volume of the potassium permanganate standard solution consumed by the sample solution, simultaneously carrying out a blank test, obtaining the volume of the potassium permanganate standard solution consume in the blank test, and further calculating the content of potassium nitrate in the sample solution. The method can detect the change situation of components in the salt bath and prevent the components in the salt bath from aging, and has the characteristics of simple method, rapidness, low cost, high accuracy and the like.


Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by an accumulation and/or proliferation of cells with a Langerhans' cell (LC) phenotype. The aetiology and pathogenesis of LCH are unknown; it is suggested that LCH is caused by an immunological dysregulation. Production of cytokines is a central feature of immunological regulation. LCH lesions and normal LCs were studied for the presence of cytokines known to influence the functioning of LCs: IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐4, GM‐CSF, IFN‐γ, TGF‐α, TGF‐β, bFGF, and TNF‐α. Cytokines were abundantly present within LCH lesions; LCH cells stained for IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐4, GM‐CSF, TGF‐α, TGF‐β, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ. Macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophil granulocytes, and, surprisingly, multinucleated giant cells were also sources of cytokines. These results suggest that cytokines play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of LCH and may explain phenomena that often occur in LCH, such as osteolysis and fibrosis and the recruitment of typical inflammatory infiltrates. The results also suggest that a 'down‐regulatory' signal is lacking in LCH, resulting in an accumulation and/or proliferation of abnormal LCs.


It has been proved that micro-riblets on shark skin can help to reduce drag.Therefore,the replicated technology of micro-riblets on shark skin becomes one issue in drag-reduction field.Shark skin with micro-placoid scale was taken as the replicated template,and hot embossing method and vacuum casting method were applied to studying the replicated technology on plexiglass and unsaturated resin.The replication samples made by different materials and methods were observed and measured by the stereomicroscope and the stylus profiler.The experimental results show that compared with the hot embossing,the vacuum casting is a relatively perfect method for micro-riblets replication,which uses the unsaturated resin as mold material and casts the liquid silicone rubber under vacuum,micro-riblets on shark skin surface are replicated clearly and perfectly.It is found that the vacuum casting is an effective replication technology which is suitable to form large-area and highly accurate micro-riblets.


This paper aims to consider directions of the welfare policy for the elderly in South Korea focusing on old-age income maintenance. To do this, this paper reviews the current conditions of old-age income maintenance in South Korea, and discusses how we the South Korea tries to build a sustainable old-age income maintenance policy that are congruent with aged society through a critical review of the current conditions. This paper can be largely divided into three parts. The first part reviews the importance of old-age income maintenance in the context of the socio-economic changes such as aging population and changing welfare states. The second part examines if the present old-age income maintenance in South Korea corresponds with the socio-economic changes, especially aging population. The last part ends with a discussion of the strategies for developing old-age income maintenance policies in South Korea for the foreseeable future.


These openings, which are also present in numbers on the region of the cheek, indicate the ducts of numerous mucous glands which lie immediately underneath the mucous membrane. The tongue of Beluga does not appear to differ much from that of other toothed whales. In Globiocephalus intermedius, according to Macalister, not only the tip, but also the margins of the organ are free, whereas in Beluga the latter are attached along nearly their whole length. Dr Murie refers to the presence of a distinct froenum in Globiocephalus melas, but this structure is not recognisable in Beluga.


The aim of the study was to identify the features of the influence of autoprobiotic and probiotic E. faecium strains on clinical and laboratory parameters in children with functional gastroenterological pathology.Patients and methods. In the period 2020–2021. 35 children over 3 years of age with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) were observed on an outpatient basis, who were prescribed an autoprobiotic or probiotic strain E. faecium for therapeutic purposes and recommended a diet.The study protocol provided for clinical and anamnestic screening, FGID diagnostics; analysis of coprograms and assessment of the composition of the intestinal microbiota in children before and after a course of probiotics. The study of intestinal microbiota was carried out by RT-PCR in feces using a set of primers "Colonoflor". One patient was excluded from the study due to refusal to take the autoprobiotic.The rest of the patients formed two groups: group 1 (n = 16)—children who received the autoprobiotic strain and group 2 (n = 18)—children who received the conditionally "reference" strain E. faecium L3. Probiotics were used in the form of a liquid form (which is a starter culture based on soy protein isolates containing 109  CFU in 1 ml) at a dose of 25 ml 2 times a day for 10 days.The results of using probiotic strains were evaluated on the basis of data from a survey of parents about the state of children and the dynamics of clinical manifestations, as well as changes in the values of indicators of coprograms and the composition of the intestinal microbiota.Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test; Wilcoxon test. The results were considered reliable at a significance level of p <0.05.Results. Studies of the effect of prescribing E. faecium L3 strain and an autoprobiotic strain to children with FROP revealed a positive effect on the clinical symptoms of the disease (in 29.4% and 25%, respectively) in the absence of undesirable side effects. Analysis of the dynamics of coprograms revealed an equivalent positive dynamics in the form of improvement in most of the studied stool characteristics. The study of the composition of the intestinal microbiota in the observed children revealed a low level of Lactobacilli and Enterococcus before and after the administration of probiotics. After the course of the E. faecium L3 strain, a significant increase in the content of F. prausnitzii was noted. The use of an autoprobiotic strain contributed to a significant decrease in the frequency of isolation of conditionally pathogenic bacteria in large numbersConclusion. The course appointment of autoprobiotic and probiotic E. faecium strains in children with FGID has a positive effect on clinical symptoms, improvement of most coprogram indices and normalization of the intestinal microbiota composition.


Novel hybrid organic–inorganic catalysts constituted by iron(III) or manganese(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin entrapped in an alumina amorphous matrix have been prepared. The hybrid materials were obtained by a non-hydrolytic sol–gel route, through the condensation of aluminium chloride with diisopropyl ether in the presence of metalloporphyrin. The presence of the metalloporphyrin entrapped in the alumina matrix is confirmed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and electron spectroscopic imaging. The material was also analysed by infrared spectroscopy, selected area diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis, and its surface area was determined. Comparison between the leaching of metalloporphyrin from non-hydrolytic materials and adsorbed metalloporphyrin on commercial neutral alumina confirms that in the non-hydrolytic materials
the metalloporphyrin is entrapped and not just adsorbed on the alumina surface. The use of a conventional hydrolytic sol–gel process leads to the complete leaching of the metalloporphyrin from the matrix, underlining the importance of the non-hydrolytic alumina gel process in the matrix preparation. The prepared alumina matrix materials are amorphous, even after heat treatment up 270 °C.
 The new catalysts prepared were tested for their ability to catalyse the epoxidation of (Z)-cyclooctene using iodosylbenzene as oxygen donor, giving high yields in the epoxidation, similar to those obtained using the metalloporphyrin in solution or supported on a silica matrix.


Over the last decade a great deal of scholarly criticism has appeared concerning Doris Lessing's novels, more specifically The Golden Notebook and her Children of Violence series. Surprisingly little attention has been given to her short stories (apart from cursory reviews), although she has over sixty stories published, collected in five volumes. Lessing, in an interview with Florence Howel admitted that she was too "prolific"; she never revised what she had written, especially in her long novels. The short stories, however, have a strength and conciseness that is sometimes lacking in the longer works. Individually the stories can clarify points about an experience, an emotion, an opinion or a type of person, and yet at the same time, they can elucidate a theme or attitude that'is closely related to the novels.


Many big cities in Europe and elsewhere in the world have problems managing the traffic especially during rush hours. The improvement of the parking problematic and environmental protection as well are important aspects for the future traffic design of urban reas. To improve the traffic situation the development of new traffic concepts and alternative vehicles are required. The BMW company has developed a new type of two-wheel vehicle. This two-wheeler constitutes a totally new concept. BMW implemented a lot of safety features, such as a structure made up of rollover bars and a crush element instead of a front protecting plate. Furthermore the driver can secure himself with two safety belts. The paper contains a description of the novel two-wheel vehicle concept designed so far. BMW's concept and the safety features are also explained. The Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) was given the task of assessing the concept as a whole with regard to the active and passive safety and the exemption of the obligation to wear a helmet. The expertise concluded that the BMW two-wheeler concept has a very high safety standard. Some extracts of the expertise, in particular the investigations concerning the exemption of the obligation to wear a helmet are presented. Common legal requirements for the vehicle registration of vehicle concepts similar to the BMW two-wheeler in Germany have been formulated. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD E102514.


Presented in this paper is a technique that addresses misalignment for Non-Metallic Connector (NMC) applications. The technique takes advantage of nonlinear effects of varactor diodes that can be used to function as a nonlinear capacitor. This result can be used to make changes to the compensation capacitance value when there are changes in mutual inductance resulting from misalignment between transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) coils without the need for complex active control feedback systems used in conventional WPT systems. This added flexibility gives rise to a consistent power transfer efficiency (PTE) curve over a specified distance and leads to reduced cost in required component count in micro-WPT ($\mu \text{WPT}$) systems especially in application to NMCs. In addition to being applied to WPT-based smartphone chargers, this technique can be applied to any number of CE NMC applications where misalignment would impact PTE. Within the last few years contactless connectivity within industry has mostly been focused on high-speed signal transfer protocols such as ethernet, USB, UART, etc. but there remain challenges in power transfer due partly to expensive active feedback control systems. This new technique advances that effort, and this paper not only shows how it can work but does so with application to automation connectors that multiple connector companies are currently focused on.


This article examines some of the factors related to 281 incidents of collective violence which occurred in Ontario and Quebec during the years 1963 to 1975. The primary intentions of this study are (1) to test a model of collective action developed from the work of Charles Tilly, Anthony Oberschall, and William Gamson; and (2) to determine to what extent the repertoires of collective action differ in these two provinces with their very different political cultures. The model presented here is premised on the assumption that conflict and collective action are an integral part of the political process which is characterized by the organization, mobilization, and maneuvering of various groups competing for power in a society. The "street politics" model thus contains a series of variables and hypothesized relationships which are felt to reflect various facets of group organization and process of competition.


The present invention relates to an emulsion composition, water-in-oil type emulsified cosmetic composition containing the complex as this, It has an excellent sensation in use, and also provide a stable emulsified solid cosmetic composition in the stable cosmetic emulsion, particularly a formulation based large amount of water, To complex that is characterized by being a one or more of the organosiloxane derivative, and amphoteric surfactants and semi-polar surfactant to the formula (1) or represented by the formula (2). Emulsion composition characterized by containing the complex, oil, and water. Containing the complex, oil, water, water-in-oil type is characterized in that suhyeongin. (I) (II)


Economic agents make decisions using real-time data. However, recent literature has shown that several economic activity measures go through important revisions over time, impairing the reliability of real-time data. We organize a real-time dataset for Brazil's GDP, and assess the revisions of GDP growth and the output gap. We show that GDP growth revisions are substantial, with a 0.7 p.p. mean absolute revision for the quarter-over-quarter growth, although the revisions become less important for four-quarter changes. To assess output gap revisions, we use four methods to estimate the output gap: Hodrick-Prescott filter, linear trend, quadratic trend, and Harvey-Clark model of unobservable components. The output gap revisions are substantial in all methods, with absolute mean revisions between 0.6 p.p. and 2.3 p.p. In three out of the four methods, the revisions implied changes in the output gap sign in 30 percent or more of the cases. In general, both the GDP data revision and the sample increase are relevant sources of output gap revisions. Key words: Real-time data; Output gap; Gross Domestic Product; Business cycle; Brazil. JEL classification: C82; E32.


Background: Exact etiology forFibro Calculous Pancreatic Diabetes (FCPD) is not well understood, hypothesised to be a multifactorial, with role of both genetic and environmental components. Few genetic mutations have been postulated to be associated with FCPD in previous studies, serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 gene (SPINK1) being the most common. Association of Cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1), Anionic trypsinogen (PRSS2), Chymotrypsinogen C (CTRC), Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations too have been observed, though the data is very scarce & conflicting. We are not aware of a single study which has comprehensively looked into various mutations together. Objectives: To look for panel of known genetic mutations (SPINK, PRSS1, PRSS2, CTRC & CFTR) in FCPD patients Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2021 to October 2022. Patients attending Endocrine OPD who fulfilled the Mohan et al criteria for FCPD were recruited for the study. DNA was isolated from whole blood using commercially available kits. Quantification and purity of the isolated DNA was determined in duplicate by measuring absorbance at 260 nm and 280 nm using a Bio Spectrometer. The allele-specific PCR and nested PCRwas performed followed by Agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing method confirmed mutation positive sample. Results: Overall 13/30 (43%) patients have been detected positive for known mutations. Maximum mutations were found in SPINK gene. While 8/30 (27%) patients were SPINK mutation positive, 4/30 (13%) patients were PRSS mutation positive and one patient was positive for CTRC mutation. No mutation was detected in CFTR gene in these 30 patients. Among SPINK gene mutations, SPINK N34S mutation is the most common, detected in 6 (20%) patients. SPINK 1 IVS1-37T>C and SPINK1 P55S mutations were detected in 2 patients each & SPINK 1 IVS3+2T>C was detected 01 patient. Those two patients who were positive for SPINK1 P55S had SPINK N34S mutation as well. Similarly one out of the two patients positive for SPINK 1 IVS1-37T>C mutation, also had SPINK N34S mutation. Only patient who had SPINK 1 IVS3+2T>C mutation positivity, was also positive for SPINK N34 S & PRSS1N29I. Among PRSS1 gene mutations, PRSS1N29I is the most common, detected in 04 patients. One patient has PRSS1 R122H mutation positivity; however, that patient was also positive for PRSS1N29I gene mutation. Only one patient was positive for CTRC gene in CTRC EXON 2-3. No mutation wasdetected in CTRC promoter region & other Exons. Conclusion: In our study of 30 FCPD patients, 43% patients are associated with various known genetic mutations. SPINK mutations are most common (27%) with SPINK N34S being most common (20%). PRSS mutations are the second most common mutations, seen in 13% patients with PRSS1N29I being present in all such cases.


The black holes in the hearts of bright elliptical galaxies are commonly observed to be associated with powerful relativistic jets. The mechanism by which material entering the accretion radius is converted into jet power remains the subject of much debate. At the same time, the interplay between the relativistic jet and the interstellar/intergalactic medium is the topic of intense discussions, being such knowledge essential for understanding the nature of the accretion process, galaxy formation and the growth of supermassive black holes. Simbol‐X can play a fundamental role in addressing at least three important questions: I) the link between accretion and relativistic outflow at <pc distance (this paper); II) the nature of the cold circumnuclear environment at pc‐kpc scales (Torresi et al., this conference ); III) the interaction of the relativistic plasma with the intergalactic medium at kpc scales (Migliori et al., this conference)


In this paper, we propose a recommendation model to assist users find relevant courses for public tenders. The recommendations are computed based on the user study activity at Atepassar.com, a web-based learning environment for public tender candidates. Unlike traditional academic-oriented recommender systems, our approach takes into account crucial information for public tender candidates such as salary offered by public tenders and location where the exams take place. Technically, our recommendations rely on content-based techniques and a location reasoning method in order to provide users with most feasible courses. Results from a real-world dataset indicate reasonable improvement in recommendation quality over compared baseline models - we observed about 11 precision improvement and 12.7% of recall gain over the best model compared - demonstrating the potential of our approach in recommending personalised courses.


Collisions of tension leg platforms with ships are numerically simulated and their consequences predicted. A non-linear mathematical model is formulated; it accounts for two-dimensional kinematics of the colliding bodies, the local forcedeformation characteristics within the impact zone of both structures as well as the restoring forces induced by the pre-tensioned legs. Particular emphasis is given to the rigorous modelling of the hydrodynamic interaction between the floating vessels and the fluid in their vicinity. This is achieved through unit impulse response functions that provide the damping forces as convolution integrals involving the histories of fluid motion and inertia terms with constant coefficients giving rise to added masses. The derived integro-differential equations are numerically solved in the time domain. Various collision scenarios are analysed and results are obtained for collision and hydrodynamic forces as well as the extent of local damage. The hydrodynamic effect is linked to the duration of impact. Thus, the problem is addressed in a more rational and mathematically rigorous manner than that of the classical impact theory.


BACKGROUND: Bacterial meningitis is a serious health problem requiring early diagnosis, effective treatment & prophylaxis. It remains a major cause of high mortality in India and other developing nations. This study was conducted in our institute to know the bacteriological profile of bacterial meningitis and study the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolated organisms. METHODS: 308 CSF samples were collected from clinically diagnosed cases of Bacterial meningitis. CSF was centrifuged, first culture media were inoculated and followed by procedures like direct wet mount, Grams stain, Negative staining, ZN staining. For culture CSF was inoculated on Blood agar, McConkeys Agar, chocolate Agar, BHI broth and sabouraud's dextrose Agar. Identification of bacteria was done by various biochemical tests, enzymatic tests and agglutination test with specific antisera.Identification of fungal cultures done by grams stain, negative staining and lacto-phenol cotton blue mount.Antibiotic sensitivity done by Kirby-bauers disc diffusion test using mueller Hinton agar according to standard guidelines. Detection MRSA was done according to CLSI guidelines. RESULTS: Out of 308 samples, 82 showed aerobic bacterial growth,10 fungal growth and 11 smears were AFB positive. Most common age group affected was 16 to 60yrs, male were affected more when compared females with male female ratio of 1.75:1 Most common isolate was streptococcus pneumonia 26(31.7%), others were Klebsiella 17(20.7%), E.coli 10(12.1%), Psedumonas aeurginosa 8(9.7%), Staphylococcus aureus 6(07.3%) ,proteus 5(6.09%),H.influenza 3(3.6%),acinetobacter2(2.4%),N.meningitidis,2(2.4%),enterococci fecalis 2 (2.4%) citrobacter frundii 01(3.7%) each. CONCLUSION: bacterial meningitis is an emergency condition where early diagnosis and aggressive treatment plays vital role in decreasing mortality rate. Most common isolate was streptococcus pneumonia in adults and E.coli in patients less than 1yr.emergence of multidrug resistant organisms in recent times makes the early diagnosis of meningitis important factor to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with it.


The traditional API testing need to write code to drive measured API,compile the driver program,then execute the driver,the last is to do analysis on the test results.The process is trivial and tester requires higher code ability.In order to solve the problem,this paper proposes an automatic test framework(JAPITest).Based on the keyword-driven automation theory,the framework separate test logic and data from test scripts.An example illustrated superiorities of the framework.The framework reduced the scale of test scripts.The test logic is clearer,and the test cases maintenance is more convenient.Key words: keyword-driven;API test;test automation;Java testing;framework


Methods hitherto available for the staining of nucleoli in dried films of blood and bone marrow are generally unsatisfactory. The various Romanowsky stains as used for routine purposes sometimes reveal nucleoli in leukaemic blast cells in the peripheral blood and in haemocytoblasts, megaloblasts, myeloblasts, and pro-myelocytes in the bone marrow. When stained by these methods the nucleoli are only roughly outlined and inter-nal structure is rarely revealed. The demonstration of nucleoli in normal lymphocytes of peripheral blood is especially unsatisfactory. The belief is still widely held that these cells do not have nucleoli and if any are seen in Romanowsky-stained preparations the cells are often regarded as abnormal on that account. The special stains recommended for the demonstration of nucleoli afford only marginal advantages with both normal and abnormal blood cells. In our hands the methyl-green- pyronin technique (Perry and Reynolds, 1956) has never given good results with blood or bone marrow and has served only to demonstrate aggregates of pyronin-positive material in a small proportion of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. Using the Feulgen method (Gardikas and Israels, 194748) nucleoli can be seen as Feulgen-negative areas in the nuclei of a greater proportion of normal lymphocytes and monocytes but positive staining and demonstration of structure are lacking. A technique dilute acid consistent similar results. Acridine orange fluorescence generally colour D.N.A. R.N.A. successful in the demonstration of the nucleoli of blood (Jackson,


Background Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) along with the calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), is a novel, non-invasive, and reliable technique of choice for accurate assessment and for the treatment planning of different types of brain tumors. It is more advantageous in the distinction and differentiation of benign from malignant meningiomas on the basis of ADC values. Purpose To investigate the utility of DW magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained at two b-values for an authentic and preoperative characterization of meningiomas. Material and Methods Twenty-six patients with clinically diagnosed or histologically verified meningioma (18 benign and 8 malignant) underwent imaging including DWI at 1.5 T. DW images were obtained at b = 1000 s/mm2 and b = 2000 s/mm2, ADC maps were generated at both the b-values. Signal intensities (SIs) and ADCs for solid tumorous tissues, contralateral normal tissues, and peritumoral edema were calculated and normalized ADC (NADC) ratio were determined for tumorous tissues. SI scores, ADC maps, and ADC values were analyzed visually and quantitatively, and were compared at both the b-values. Results DW images at b = 2000 s/mm2 were more conspicuity (either hyperintense or hypointense) with improved contrast. The mean ADC of malignant meningiomas (0.64 ± 0.05 and 0.42 ± 0.03) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) as compared with benign meningiomas (1.04 ± 0.12 and 0.80 ± 0.07) at both the b-values. Mean NADC ratio in the malignant type was also significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the benign type at both the b-values. Mean ADC values for peritumoral edema do not differ between benign and malignant meningiomas. Conclusion 1.5-T DWI using high b-values improved our ability to differentiate benign from malignant meningiomas. DWI may play an important role in the preoperative radiological evaluation and the recognition of these types for proper surgical treatment.


The purpose of this study is to analyze neighborhood`s land use and transit accessibility affecting residents` commuting trips through a case study of Seoul. The main data source used for this research is 2010 Household Travel Survey data from which 34,071 observations were selected as the final sample. Then a statistic analysis was carried out by applying random intercept logit model. Analysis shows that a high level of residential density, land use mix in neighborhood results in more use of subway for commuting. And higher access to subway station leads to more use of subway. Therefore, a high dense and mixed use development as well as a high accessibility to transit station can contribute to activating the use of public transportation for commuting. Finally, the walking range of subway station affecting transit mode for commuting is estimated at between 432 to 525m.


With the news in December 2013 that inter alia Citibank was re-launching synthetic Collateral Debt Obligations (CDOs),1 commentators were quick to mark the significance of the return of financial instruments that had gained such notoriety during the Global Financial Crisis of 2008+ (the GFC) precisely because their design was felt to have exacerbated risks on a systemic level. What is most striking however is not so much that current easy credit conditions permit the marketing of synthetic CDOs and similar "risky" products, but that financial instruments with potentially systemic importance have not received the same level of attention from legislators and supervisors as Systemically Important Financial Institutions (SIFIs) and systemically important financial infrastructure, or markets. Thus Suleika Reiners of the World Future Council noted in 2013 that.


This text derives from a practical activity developed in discipline Philosophy Teaching in 2015 and aims to disseminate and reflect on some data extracted from a qualitative survey with high school philosophy teachers. The research sought to conduct a survey of the main methods, resources and teaching goals used by teachers who teach philosophy in the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Nova Iguacu and Paracambi. Besides the data , the analyzes presented here seeking help in elucidating the current stage of discipline in basic education , as well as to reaffirm the importance , challenges and possibilities of philosophical activity at school.


Aggression displayed by people with intellectual disabilities can form an important barrier for placement in a group environment. Several methods have already been developed to reduce serious problem behavior among people with intellectual disabilities, but these measures are only taken after the onset of aggressive behavior. However, it is maybe possible to reduce the problem behavior beforehand if the person were subjected to a screening process. For this purpose healthcare provider Aveleijn is working on a screening instrument called "the risk scan". The risk scan is a questionnaire with items on risk behavior and it aims to be used during the intake of the client to estimate the risk of problem behavior occurring in the future. This way, extra care can be provided for the client and their possible problem behavior. For the implementation of this questionnaire three sub studies have been conducted. Firstly, the best manner to complete the risk scan was scrutinized; based on the clients dossier or via an interview with the client"s contact. To determine which option best suited the outcome of the test, six versions were completed, through both the interview and the dossiers. It seemed that the interview method was more useful in answering the questions proposed by the researchers, but the design of the interview with the client"s contact is less favorable. The contacts will more questions about other behavior of the client and also want the opportunity to give an explanation to the questions. An alternative is to fill in the scan based on the dossier and afterwards discuss de results with the contact and his client. Secondly, it was examined how well the risk scan can predict risky behavior (predicative validity). For this the "SOAS-R" developed by Aveleijn, a system to report aggression, was used. The scores on the risk scan of a random group of 223 clients was compared with incidents from the SOAS-R by means of correlation analysis. This research shows that the predicative validity is low, which means that the risk scan cannot predict the behavior of the client in advance. Because the items presented do not comply with the demands of the "risk scan" and the research period may be too short, there is need for further research in order to attain reliable results. Thirdly, a model was used to examine what the obstructing and promoting factors are concerning the implementation of the risk scan. In order to do this, interviews where held with important stakeholders. Aveleijn has considered many factors concerning the implementation but will need to evaluate whether or not they want to trouble the clients with the risk scan. They must also analyze the whole procedure in order to implement it in the entire organization.


Individuals licensed to operate US commercial nuclear power facilities are required by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to pass a periodic requalification examination in order to maintain their license. In a regulatory impact survey conducted by the NRC, these examinations were cited by the nuclear industry as a significant source of stress on operators. The potential for undue stress to unnecessarily degrade operator performance in the examinations prompted a study to identify the specific sources of undue stress and potential methods of reducing the stress. This study was conducted using interviews, examination observations, and questionnaires. The results indicate that the three fundamental sources of undue stress are: (1) repeated changes in the examination process, (2) inconsistency in interpretation of the guidelines for administering the examination, and (3) specific examination content and grading practices.<<ETX>>


During 1980 s; many methods and results have been declared about the therapy of knee joint instabi due to ACL rupture. We have reached a stability ratio of 93% by our reconstruction. We have been able to follow up 30 of our 32 patients and have taken the following subjects into consideration. A. Pain, b. hydrarthrosis, c. ability of movement, d. instability, e. muscular atrophy. Arthroscopic examir. tions have been performed after 10-20 revascularisation has been seen in 9 patients. We belive that the SL cess of the results of our technique lies in the excellent revascularisation of the grafts.


Thus, my current research is concerned with how food sovereignty has been affected by multiple crises and disasters, both economic and environmental, and what strategies exist for residents to work toward greater food sovereignty. My doctoral research explores the political relations and entanglements that inform the unique food geography of Puerto Rico and maps the relations that underpin the functioning of its food system. With its focus on economic and ecological vulnerability, food systems and practices, and post disaster futures, this project will contribute to the field of food studies in several key ways. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Food, Culture & Society is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)


Three Dimensional (3D) chip integration may provide a path to miniaturization, high bandwidth, low power, high performance and system scaling. Major efforts are currently underway throughout the IC industry to develop the capability to integrate device chips by stacking them vertically and using through-silicon vias (TSVs). In 3D IC using TSV, TSV noise coupling is one of the most significant consideration for circuit design. In this paper for the noise isolation between TSV and silicon substrate, p+ guard ring structure was proposed around signal TSV and examine with different doping concentration levels of the guard ring. In addition to that noise coupling from TSV to silicon substrate was analyzed with different liner (silicon dioxide, CVD diamond, Benzocyclobutene (BCB)) materials for the above structure. After investigating all results, TSV with BCB as liner material surrounded by p+ guard ring gives the better noise reduction from TSV to substrate by considering all constraints.


This article is the first working paper of the Researching Center for Agricultural Sciences and Applied Economic. It is a contribution for the INTA Nicaragua.


Basced on the water supply and demand situation in Yuzhou city,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model adopted to analyze the water resouces carrying capacity of Yuzhou city,and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is proposed.Through solving the model,the trend of the development of polution and economic in the following 10 years is obtained.According to the result,the optimal configuration and conclusion is proposed.


A brief retrospective analysis of thirty small ruminants suffering from dystocia were evaluated over a period of two years. The clinical cases of dystocia were categorized into fetal (n=11) and maternal causes (n=19). Fetal causes included faulty maldisposition (n=5), fetal monster (n=2) and oversized fetus (n=4). Similarly, maternal causes includes incomplete cervical dilatation (n=8), uterine torsion (n=2), narrow pelvis (n=7) and secondary uterine inertia (n=2). Thirteen animals were relieved from dystocia by gentle traction and rest seventeen animals were subjected to caesarean section by lower left flank laparohysterotomy. All does except three, had an uneventful recovery. Only 21.62% (n=8) live kid/lamb were delivered by traction or caesarean section procedures adopted. In our study major causes of dystocia due to fetal and maternal origin were faulty maldisposition (45.45%) and incomplete cervical dilatation (42.10%). Sixty percent (18/30) of dystocia were present in yearling or primiparous females.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the management of investigation in the settlement of case files from investigators to prosecutors. This study uses statute approach (statute approach) and conceptual approach (conceptual approach). Data analysis techniques in this study using descriptive analysis that describes the legal preposition or non-legal events. The result of the research shows that the management of investigation in the settlement of the case file of the Police Investigator to the Prosecutor begins with the investigation process of alleged criminal act based on the report or complaint submitted by the society, which then from the investigation result is increased into investigation in order to find the criminal incident. The result of the investigation shall be submitted to the Public Prosecutor for the determination of the suitability of the Case File may proceed to the pre prosecution process for the creation of the indictment against the suspect. If the Case File is deemed unfeasible to proceed based on the analysis of the Public Prosecutor, then the Case File shall be returned to the investigator to be fulfilled. In the process of investigation, the benchmark management of the investigation in the handling of criminal offenses is the Criminal Procedure Code. each case file from Police Investigator to Prosecutor is often constrained by the discretion of every Police and Prosecutor institution so that it can slow down the fulfillment of the elements of the offense that it wants to suspect to the Suspects or to find any criminal incidents.


Flows of the labor migration are becoming more massive under the conditions of the world economy internationalization. It should be mentioned that this process is under the impact of objective and subjective factors, such as political unstability. The key idea of this article is to research migration policy of the Eurasian economic area'' countries, its development under the condition of deepening of integration process among the Eurasian economic area'' countries and to figure out proposals and recommendations of making the common migration policy.


Odor-mediated behavioral response to permethrin formulations was investigated for two populations (Celeryville, OH, and Geneva, NY) of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). In three-choice olfactory assays, odors from formulations containing 1% or more Ambush or Ambush Blank were significantly avoided by third instars from both populations. The repellent effect was not significant when the concentrations were 0.1% or less. However, 0.01% Ambush Blank was significantly attractive for both populations. Two-choice olfactory assays confirmed the repellent effects of Ambush and Ambush Blank and also showed that 1% Pounce wettable powder formulation was significantly repellent. Technical permethrin did not significantly affect the distribution of larvae from either population. Analyses of how quickly larvae left the arena in the two-choice assays revealed that the permethrin formulations were affecting the speed of larval movement. Larvae moving away from Ambush and, in the case of Celeryville, Ambush Blank, were significantly slower to leave the arena than larvae in corresponding controls. On the other hand, Celeryville larvae that moved toward Pounce wettable powder and larvae from either population that moved toward technical permethrin odors left the test arena significantly more quickly than larvae in corresponding controls. This study indicates that odors from both the active and inert components of permethrin formulations affect larval behavior in ways that could increase the probability of survival in a treated area. Furthermore, contact with deposits is not necessary to elicit these behavioral changes.


Energy and water saving for Herrtvatten AB, Soderhamn
Energy saving can contribute both to reduced use of fossil fuels and personal profits in the form of financial savings and competitiveness in t ...


Objectives/methods:  This 1‐yr prospective phase II trial evaluated the efficacy of deferasirox in regularly transfused patients aged 3–81 yrs with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS; n = 47), Diamond–Blackfan anaemia (DBA; n = 30), other rare anaemias (n = 22) or β‐thalassaemia (n = 85). Dosage was determined by baseline liver iron concentration (LIC).


This article aims at 114,183 terrorist attack records, using statistical software such as MATLAB, SPSS Statistic, ArcGIS geographic information platform software, and using principal component analysis to process the analyzed data. Using the principal component analysis method, select the 9 attributes from the 135 attribute columns that can most affect the score of the danger coefficient, and conduct a principal component analysis on the terrorist attack record. Use SPSS and pass the KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) test. For each of the principal components, two different methods are used to calculate the final risk coefficient score F, and F is arranged in descending order from high to low. Pick the top 10 as the top ten most dangerous terrorist incidents. The number of all terrorist attacks is classified into five categories according to the index.


In an effort to reduce the number of crashes that occur on two-lane rural highways, the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT) established a new policy in 2006 to begin installing 2-ft of paved shoulders on both sides of the highways during resurfacing and reconstruction projects. Since the policy that ALDOT established in 2006 has only been in effect for two years, a before-and-after study to quantify the benefits of installing 2-ft paved shoulders is not yet possible. However, an analysis of expected benefits and actual improvement costs was performed, and a detailed methodology was created to assist in the identification of high priority segments that could experience a substantial reduction in crashes if this treatment were implemented. Two different lists of high priority segments were created which contained crash and location information for the top 5% of the road segments that were identified based on two criteria: crash rate and severity. The economic benefits associated with the installation of paved shoulders at these locations were calculated based on a range of crash reduction factors. The cost of installing 2-ft paved shoulders was determined based on 41 projects that had already been contracted by ALDOT. The resulting benefit/cost ratios for the high priority segments in each of the criteria ranged from 0.09:1 to 2.39:1 for the segments identified based on crash rate and 1.32:1 to 8.90:1 for those segments identified based on severity.


HIS paper presents a model of balanced T growth which is an extension to n sectors of the original one-sector equilibrium growth paths developed by R. F. Harrod and E. D. Domar.1 Following Harrod, we employ discrete periods of time and hence a (first-order) difference equation technique. However, in order to give the model a prescriptive rather than a predictive overtone, the first differences refer to the immediate future instead of the immediate past. In addition, an allowance for depreciation is included in the model. By "balanced growth" we simply mean the existence of equilibrium (the equality of supply and demand) in every market in every time period. Equiproportionate growth of each market is a special case of balanced growth as used in this paper. Prices do not explicitly enter the model. Supply in each market is an increasing linear function of the existing capital stock in that sector or industry, and hence the model refers to a one-factor economy. However, capital is not transferable from one sector to another. The single factor of production (capital) is produced by a single industry, the investment-goods industry, the input into which is also capital. Demand for the output of each industry, with the exception of the investment-goods sector, is an increasing linear function of net real income. By definition, these industries are producers of consumption goods, all of which are non-inferior from the point of view of the income-demand relation. The demand for investment goods is a mixed accelerator-multiplier relation. The solution of the system expresses net aggregate output as a function of integral values of time. The output of each sector at any time can then be determined from the structural equations of the model.


Preschool education is very important for a child's growth, which is in the ideological, intellectual enlightenment stage, so a person, a good grasp of the moral education in this period, for the development of children can benefit from life. This paper mainly introduces the implementation of moral education in preschool education, and further analyzes the principle of moral education in the teaching of preschool education, at the end of the article, the author introduces the optimization strategy of preschool education in the teaching of moral education. Significance of carrying out moral education in preschool education Many parents want their children to master a lot of knowledge as early as possible, so that they cannot lose at the starting line, which will further lead to kindergarten education into a misunderstanding. Pay too much attention to the training of subject knowledge, lack of ideological education for students, makes some children stubborn personality, not polite, poor psychological ability. Therefore, the lack of family education and the excessive emphasis on knowledge in kindergarten will further lead to imbalance in education. If you want your child to form a good habit, you are taken small. A person's habits and morals are largely related to his early childhood behavior. So, in this period, for the children for a purpose and a plan for moral education, help children create a virtuous character and personality, so that they are from the urine of Thanksgiving, it is important for a person's education. Preschool education should not only rely on the strength of kindergartens, but also need the influence of the family environment and the children's own efforts, so that they can achieve good results. From the author's work experience, childhood is a good stage for shaping a personality, which is the starting point of a person's way of thinking. Therefore, education must pay attention to this problem, so that children can develop good habits in this period, and then in Germany, wisdom, body, beauty, labor, these aspects of all-round development[1]. The principles of moral education in preschool education Set up "double link" consciousness The so-called "double class consciousness" is the combination of moral education outline and the outline of the two educational contents. Whether it is ethical education or subject education, it needs to be carried out in a mutually reinforcing environment. In this approach, it can realize the all-round development of children and realize the coordination and promotion of all aspects. Morality, intelligence, body, beauty and labor are the contents of a person's all-round progress. Whether it is sports, intelligence or character, it has an important impact on a child, especially moral education, which can help children to better understand society and understand society. To cultivate good behavior and quality and to emphasize the importance of moral, education is very beneficial to the development of children[2]. 2017 International Conference on Advanced Education, Psychology and Sports Science (AEPSS 2017) Copyright © (2017) Francis Academic Press , UK 397 The content of education Dezhitimei overlap and penetration, such as sports on behalf of the health, it is the basis of other aspects of education, if the child is not healthy, it will affect its development in other areas. To realize the intellectual education for children, the emphasis is on the training of students' cognitive ability, which will affect their social morality and collective life. And aesthetic education influences children's cognition of the beautiful things around us. So, to achieve all-round progress, mutual penetration, mutual assistance. Only kindergarten education fully realizes the importance of these contents, and then can better realize the all-round development of children's physical and mental[3]. The formulation of ethical education outline for early childhood education meets the needs of the times. It has a certain integrity, and it is also a programmatic document to guide children's moral education. Every teacher is familiar with and apply it. For the various educational programs, it is based on the age characteristics of children, for all education, which takes into account the acceptance of children, it is in line with the progress of children themselves, but also the basis for education grams. If each preschool education workers are able to fully establish the "two classes" consciousness, so in the daily life, can carry out random sex education for children, some factors will be dominant and recessive are combined with each other, so you can make moral education truly implemented. The combination of school and family Kindergarten and family are important learning places for a child. After entering kindergarten, children should receive the kindergarten education, and they will also be influenced by some family factors. Children are a mirror of their parents, and their children's personality, character and hobbies are more or less influenced by their parents. Therefore, family education plays an important role in the education of a child. And kindergarten should also be classified according to the parents of changed circumstances. There are three main situations in the early childhood education. One is that parents do not pay attention to it, and that they are not good education. One is that although they pay attention to them, they do not know the way, and the other is not only paying attention to them. But also being good education. For parents of the former type, the kindergarten should strengthen ties with such groups, do ideological work for them, publicize and educate their importance, and pass on some correct methods and content. For additional types of parents, kindergarten should train their skills and methods. For the latter class of parents, teachers can organize them to introduce some successful experiences in educating their children, so as to achieve communication and sharing[4]. The optimization strategy of moral education in preschool education Encourage students to learn to express love Children are still in a lively and active age. They are weaker in cognition and self-discipline at this time, but they already have a certain sense of right and wrong. Therefore, it is a need for a good teacher-student relationship. Teachers should show their concern, love and respect to students in a timely manner, and create an atmosphere of relaxation and good communication for students. Excellent teacher-student relationship not only helps to communicate with each other, but also makes children more willing to accept education from teachers. Because the child itself has strong ability to imitate, so that teachers in the teaching process, must be timely to the students to express enough care, allowing students to imitate the teacher's approach to live together with others. In the process of getting along with and communicating with each other, teachers should further let students lay down their mental defenses and invite them to try to accept teachers. For example, some of the children at school, they all have the psychological conflict, this time to the kindergarten, the teachers can do some children of a kiss, a hug action, and can help children eliminate the strangeness of the environment and people[5]. Develop good daily habits for children Childhood is an important stage of a student's children, students can get more knowledge in their daily learning, have more capacity, so the daily teaching must be innovative, to have a good learning effect, thus making the students comprehensive quality of children can be improved. Once the children're daily teaching innovation, students have the quality will be reflected. For children's


The position of a notary is very necessary in the business world, because it is in accordance with its duties which is to record civil actions and set out in an authentic deed. source of data used in this study is secondary data consisting of primary legal materials in the form of basic norms/rules and related laws and regulations. with the law of protection of notaries in particular The type of research in this legal research is normative legal research, which is a process to find legal rules, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer legal issues faced Engineering and data collection in research This is done by means of library research. Data collection tools used are document studies to obtain secondary data, by reading, studying, researching, analyzing secondary data, secondary and tertiary related to this research.


In this paper, we investigate the minimal time problem for the guidance of a rocket, whose motion is described by its attitude kinematics and dynamics but also by its orbit dynamics. Our approach is based on a refined geometric study of the extremals coming from the application of the Pontryagin maximum principle. Our analysis reveals the existence of singular arcs of higher order in the optimal synthesis, causing the occurrence of a chattering phenomenon, i.e., of an infinite number of switchings when trying to connect bang arcs with a singular arc. We establish a general result for bi-input control-affine systems, providing sufficient conditions under which the chattering phenomenon occurs. We show how this result can be applied to the problem of the guidance of the rocket. Based on this preliminary theoretical analysis, we implement efficient direct and indirect numerical methods, combined with numerical continuation, in order to compute numerically the optimal solutions of the problem.


This essay documents an experiment in the performance of ethnography based on research collected on the audition process. I used a variety of scripting and performance techniques combined with insights from cultural theory to evoke, dramatize, and critique a practice within the institution of theatre. Additionally, I describe the entry of other actors into the process, our rehearsal, the experience of performance, and the evaluation and reflection of post‐performance "aftermath." Along the way, critiques of "objectivist" ethnography resonate with critiques of the brand of objectivism reified in the audition process. Finally, this essay argues in a more general way for performance as an alternative mode of scholarly representation.


This paper presents the latest evidence for monetary policy transmission in the form of interest rate pass through, from the perspective of the bank lending channel. With the help of the co-integration and error correction mechanism, it has been observed that there is partial pass through to commercial bank lending rates in the Indian Economy. Even the appointment of the Monetary Policy Committee has not yielded any significant results.


This paper investigates the delayed impulsive control for synchronization of discretetime complex dynamical networks (CDNs). The original dynamical network is complex with respect to the unstable or chaotic nodes, coupling time-delays, and time-varying, and thus it does not have the synchronization property. A synchronization scheme of impulsive control with delayed signal inputs is proposed for the discrete-time CDNs via hybrid discrete-time. By utilizing methods such as matrix spectrum and eigenvalue theory and dwell time, global uniform exponential stability (GUES) criteria are derived for the error system, under which exponential synchronization is achieved for the CDN. Moreover, by only delayed impulsive control signals, the exponential synchronization is realized for the CDN with coupling time-delays. Finally, two examples with numerical simulations are worked out for illustration.


Anyone who has worked in an accident and emergency department will probably have encountered the above question when dealing with a patient who has an injured bone. There are variations of …


"Bruce Benson has been one of the most effective presidents in the university's storied history and the mark he leaves on CU and our state will endure for some time," said Sue Sharkey, chair of the CU Board of Regents. "His passion for education, commitment to diversity of all kinds, business acumen and outstanding leadership have CU well-positioned for a bright future. Bruce is a true friend and mentor in the art of leadership, not only to me, but also to many who have known him."


The analysis of existing heating systems for greenhouse complexes was carried out, their advantages and disadvantages were identified. Tasks have been set for the use of structures based on an energy-efficient surface-distributed method of heating (heating) using plate and volumetric multi-electrode composite electric heaters. A complex for determining the heat balance in the greenhouse has been carried out, inflows and outflows of heat have been identified. The possibility of using heat influx from a plate multi-electrode composite electric heater is presented, which makes it possible to normalize the microclimate in the greenhouse during the cold periods of the year. Keywords: TEMPERATURE HEAT SUPPLY, HEATING, GREENHOUSE, ENERGY BALANCE, HEAT BALANCE, HEAT TRANSFER, ENERGY SAVING


This Bachelor´s Thesis deals with the principle of 3D imaging and creating the illusion of space in the projection. It familiarises readers with spatial vision psychophysiology and with technical aspects of stereoscopic recording and performing. It further explains connectedness of the whole production chain from scanning to the stereoscopic projection. The thesis also provides summary of systems used in the cinema nowadays, its positives and negatives and provides its comparison. This Bachelor´s Thesis describes in detail the experiments where several model situations have been scanned and which have proved and revealed some rules, that may have been an useful guide for the preparation of shooting stereoscopic image.


Objectives Technical complications are a known hazard in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO). Identifying these complications and predictive factors indicating a developing system-exchange was the goal of the study. Methods Retrospective study on prospectively collected data of technical complications including 265 adult patients (Regensburg ECMO Registry, 2009-2013) with acute respiratory failure treated with vvECMO. Alterations in blood flow resistance, gas transfer capability, hemolysis, coagulation and hemostasis parameters were evaluated in conjunction with a system-exchange in all patients with at least one exchange (n = 83). Results Values presented as median (interquartile range). Patient age was 50(36–60) years, the SOFA score 11(8–14.3) and the Murray lung injury Score 3.33(3.3–3.7). Cumulative ECMO support time 3411 days, 9(6–15) days per patient. Mechanical failure of the blood pump (n = 5), MO (n = 2) or cannula (n = 1) accounted for 10% of the exchanges. Acute clot formation within the pump head (visible clots, increase in plasma free hemoglobin (frHb), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), n = 13) and MO (increase in pressure drop across the MO, n = 16) required an urgent system-exchange, of which nearly 50% could be foreseen by measuring the parameters mentioned below. Reasons for an elective system-exchange were worsening of gas transfer capability (n = 10) and device-related coagulation disorders (n = 32), either local fibrinolysis in the MO due to clot formation (increased D-dimers [DD]), decreased platelet count; n = 24), or device-induced hyperfibrinolysis (increased DD, decreased fibrinogen [FG], decreased platelet count, diffuse bleeding tendency; n = 8), which could be reversed after system-exchange. Four MOs were exchanged due to suspicion of infection. Conclusions The majority of ECMO system-exchanges could be predicted by regular inspection of the complete ECMO circuit, evaluation of gas exchange, pressure drop across the MO and laboratory parameters (DD, FG, platelets, LDH, frHb). These parameters should be monitored in the daily routine to reduce the risk of unexpected ECMO failure.


The purpose of this paper is to prove that intercultural relationship and sufficient contact between Hausa and other languages result in linguistic diffusion or borrowing. The study adopts both the historical and descriptive survey research design, predicated on the need for a brief history of Hausa and the donor languages, and descriptive design to facilitate the use of secondary data generated from textbooks, theses, dissertations, seminar and conference papers. The study traces the location of Hausa people in order to vividly comprehend the nature of contact with the donor languages which effectively bears on the objective nature of the borrowed words. It is in this light that three types of language relationship emerged: genetic, typological and cultural. The intercultural relationship can be unidirectional (English and Hausa) or bi-directional (Hausa and Yoruba). The work provides concrete examples from Tuareg, Fulfulde, Kanuri, Yoruba, Nupe, Arabic and English languages to demonstrate the long contact with the Hausa language. The study finally observes suppressive interference on the structures of Hausa especially from Arabic and English, which have attained second language status in Hausa society, which, again, does not make the language lose its originality.


Method of provision of services comprising the steps of: A) providing an electronic device (150) associated with a card apparatus (140), inserted in said aparatoelectronico, and capable of providing a service through identification information B) providing a mobile terminal (120), C) providing a card subscriber (130) storing identification information of the subscriber, inserted endicho mobile terminal, characterized by further comprising: D) transferring at least said identification information subscriber from said card subscriber (130) to dichatarjeta apparatus (140) when said mobile terminal is in the vicinity of said aparatoelectronico, E) storing said identification information of the subscriber transferred to said card apparatus (140), and F) providing said service by said identification information transferred subscriber.


Implementation issues of neural network formulations onto an available computer architectures are unique. In conventional signal and image processing, for example, many of the frequently performed mathematical operations, like convolutions and transformations, are matrix-vector operations. Computational requirements of these algorithms are met by parallel hardware architectures tailored for efficient handling of vector data. However, many neural network systems require more than just making the computation parallel. Implementation of neural network architectures, such as those exemplified by Grossberg's Boundary Contour System, involve the solution of hundreds of coupled ordinary non-linear differential equations. A neurocomputer whose basic computational unit performs integration, rather the usual arithmetic operations, would be ideal for these systems. The training of the back propagation network, similarly, can be expressed as a problem of solving a system of 8ttff, coupled ordinary differential equations for the weights which are treated as continuous functions of time. The ability to efficiently solve differential equations on digital and parallel computers is therefore quite important for the implementation of artificial neural networks. The central idea of a mapping, described in this paper, involves the replacement of differentiation operators and functions, in the given equation, respectively with the so-called differentiation matrices and function matrices. With the help of a so-called projection matrix, a differential equation is transformed into a rectangular vector-matrix equation which can then be solved on a systolic processor. The algorithm is computationally efficient and enables one to numerically compute, separately, the general solution for the homogeneous part and the particular solution for any specified forcing function.


Digital image watermarking is proposed to overcome the problems of security, integrity in health care departments and that of defense personnel's as well as employees of national security agencies. Medical images, unlike most of images, require extreme care when embedding informatory information while embedding process because the additional information must not affect the image quality and readability of the required portions need to be diagnosed. In order to overcome any misdiagnose caused by embedding data into medical images, lossless data hiding techniques have been developed. This paper presents a lossless semi-reversible watermarking technique for DICOM images which works in semi reversible domain. This technique can embed high capacity of textual data in an image in noisy pixels of the image. It uses the technique of minimum value difference in characters integral value and the pixels of the image and finds the matching on least difference basis. There is no overlapping in the embedded data, hence full recovering of information at receivers end. It can be used to hide patient's data hiding and protecting the region of interest (ROI) with tamper detection and recovery capability. The experimental results show that the original image can be exactly extracted from the watermarked one in case of no tampering. In case of alterations, made in the transmitted medium by an unauthorized person, it is able to detect and locate them in the images.


The paper explains the fundamentals of bionics. Using the basic principles of bionics, an analysis was made of the movement of legged biological systems on the basis of laboratory observations and measurements, in which they studied the movement of biological systems moving with the help of its legs. Then the 3D model of the robot is designed inspired with insects with six legs and using two of the four basic principles of movement with the help of legs. 3D model was created with the of Solidworks software package. A mathematical model with Matlab Simulink - SimMechanic Software. Using modern software tools like Solidworks and Matlab Simulink a mathematical analysis of its mechanism for movement in a 3D environment is performed. It is shown that the Bionics with the help of modern software engineering can be a powerful tool, but to get complete results it is necessary to apply all the principles that is obtained by the analysis.


Pyochelin, an endogenous growth promoter that solubilizes ferric iron, has been isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including clinical strains. The structure of pyochelin has been assigned as 2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and is of a different type from those previously assigned to siderophores (siderochromes) from bacteria. The assignment rests on 1H and 13C NMR data, high-resolution (including field desorption) mass spectrometry, and spectroscopic properties of synthetic model compounds. Pyochelin is presumed to be biosynthesized from salicylic acid and two moles of cysteine.


PURPOSE:To improve the catalytic performance by adding rare earth metal oxide into Ru.ZrO2.Al2O3 catalyst obtd. by using a zirconia sol as a precursor. CONSTITUTION:The catalyst is prepared by depositing and calcining a zirconia sol as the precursor of zirconia on an Al2O3 carrier, depositing and calcining rare earth metal compds. on the carrier, adding ruthenium chloride, and then calcining, Alkaline-earth metal oxides may be added if necessary. In this way, by adding rare earth metal oxides as another catalyst-aid component into a Ru.ZrO2.Al2O3 catalyst obtd. by using a specified zirconia precursor (zirconia sol), the obtd. catalyst has especially excellent high temp. activity and heat resistance of the activity.


A detailed discussion of the morphology of α-Cr2O3 and ZnO samples (obtained through combustion methods) as experimentally determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is reported. The shape of the microcrystals is compared with the results of atomistic modelling, also after considering relaxation effects. In this way the distribution of the most commonly exposed faces is singled out. The electric field at the surface sites of the different relaxed and unrelaxed faces is then calculated and correlated with the experimentally observed stretching frequencies of adsorbed CO through relationships established by Hartree–Fock calculations. Most of the spectroscopic features observed for CO/α-Cr2O3 can be interpreted in terms of formation of Cr3+⋯CO bonds with predominant electrostatic character. The same does not hold for Zn2+⋯CO bonds, where the σ overlap contribution plays a more important role. The methology followed in this paper, is designed to provide a cross check between calculations and experimental interpretation. From this comparison a better idea of the utility and limitations of the force field methods in studying the surface properties of oxides is also obtained.