We study the numerical solutions of the generalized Korteweg − Burgers equation, which describes the waves in the presence of ice cover or surface tension, which is also a model equation for a broad class of models of continuum mechanics, in particular for the model of the electron magnetohydrodynamics. There are two cases. In the first case, the tangent to the dispersion branch cuts it away from the origin, in the second case there is no such an intersection. In the second case, the type structure of the discontinuity is determined by solving the system of equations describing the dispersion branch, and the equation describing the line corresponding to the velocity discontinuity. If the roots are purely imaginary, there is a structure with an internal non-dissipative shock of solitary-wave type, if the roots are complex, there is the structure with a discontinuity with the radiation. In the second case, this study does not provide complete information. A technique based on an analysis of the branches of doubly periodic solutions of the generalized Korteweg − de Vries equation was developed. It was established that the one-wave long-wave branch contains fragments that transit to the two-wave resonant branch with integer ratio of wave periods. For the resonance branches at certain intervals of the intensity of the shock can be found non-dissipative structures that permit us to pass from the resonant branch to the short-wave one-wave branch. Therefore, using the averaged equation for the wave zone, we can construct solutions for weakly dissipative shock structures containing internal non-dissipative resonant discontinuities. Solution with a shock with the radiation can be interpreted as a special case of such solutions with 1/1 resonance. The considered solutions are observed by the direct calculation of the generalized KdV − Burgers equation using the method of stabilization, and intervals of existence of different internal resonant structures observed in numerical experiment exactly correspond to that is predicted analytically. The study of dependencies of the type of discontinuity from its intensity and the dissipative parameter is fulfilled. Besides stationary structures time-periodic and stochastic structure were found also. For some areas of parameters hysteresis was observed: the presence of two stationary solutions for the same parameters. Type of solution depends on the path of evolution of the system. Observed bifurcation of solutions is typical for the general theory of dynamical systems.


This paper briefly introduces the development history of E-business,and in the light of the problems existing in the development of our country's E-business,puts forward some countermeasures for promoting the development of our country's E-business,and looks forward to the development prospect of our country's E-business.


Abstract : Microscopic, thermic, and X-ray techniques, and measurement of the hardness and electrical resistance of cast and tempered alloys were used to construct a phase diagram of the alloys of Nb andAl. Three compounds, Nb3Al, Nb2Al, and NbAl3 were detected. Nb3Al and Nb2Al were formed at 2,120 ! 10 C and 1,890 ! 10 C, respectively, in accordance with a peritectic reaction, NbAl3 crystallized from the fusion at 1,660 ! 10 C. The solubility of Al in Nb at 2,190 C was about 6 wt-%, and it decreased to 4.5% at room temperature. The eutectic between the compounds Nb2Al and NbAl3 formed at 1,1630 ! 10 C. NbAl3 and Al formed a fusible eutectic (565 C) which was displaced toward Al (1 wt-% Nb). The hardness and the electrical resistance of Nb increased with an increase in Al. In the region of the compounds (from 8 to 45 wt-% the hardness was 450 to 500 kg/sq mm, and the electrical resistance was 220 to 300 micro-ohms/cm. (Author)


Abstract Litter size is a critical economic trait in livestock, but only a few studies have focused on associated indel mutations in BMPR1B, a key regulator of ovulation and litter size in sheep. We evaluated the effects of BMPR1B mutations on the reproductive performance of sheep. We used Hu, East Friesian, and East Friesian/Hu crossbred sheep as experimental subjects and identified a novel 90 bp deletion in BMPR1B, which coincides with the c.746A > G (FecB mutation) genotype. The correlation between the two loci and litter size was then evaluated. We identified three genotypes for the Del-90bp locus, namely, II, ID, and DD, and three genotypes for the c.746A > G locus, namely ++, B+, and BB. Both Del-90bp and c.746A > G significantly affected the litter size of Hu and East Friesian/Hu crossbred sheep. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed a strong linkage disequilibrium between these loci in Hu sheep and the F1 population (r 2 > 0.33), which suggests that detecting this 90 bp deletion might be a simple method to identify the likely carriers of c.746A > G. However, the function of this 90-bp deletion still needs further exploration. We provide genetic data that can be used as a reference for the breeding of improved prolific traits in sheep.


Factors contributing to school improvement continue to garnish international interest. The problem is school leadership teams possess little information on 'distributed leadership systems' which engage teachers in sustainable school reform. This manuscript continues a line of literature initiated to develop an instrument for measuring instructional teacher leadership behaviors conducive to building school capacity for improvement (ITLRSBSC) [1]. Instructional Leadership studies using successful rating scales (e.g. PIMRS, VAL-ED) have shed light on 'what' principal behaviors lead to school improvement. Little is known about 'how' and 'why' instructional teacher leadership behaviors are engaged. A perceived augmentation of principle instructional leadership is theoretically superimposed on the design of the ITLRSBSC instrument. In phase one, a Q-set will systematically emerge from a) empirical literature and b) mixed method evaluation processes on interview and PIMRS data. This paper details the development of interview questions from the convergence of instructional leadership conceptual models. In phase two of the study, ITLRSBSC behaviorally anchored dimensions and subscales will be constructed utilizing the transferred Q-set within BARS methodology. The phase one pre-instrument correlation of distributed instructional leadership behaviors is purposed to increase post development ITLRSBSC instrument validation scoring. All educators and researchers engaging teacher leaders in building school instructional leadership capacity will benefit from this publication.


Information was obtained on the content of cobalt and nickel in soil, litter, and organs of Scots pine in the conditions of the Yelets industrial center. It was found that, under pollution conditions, the content of cobalt and nickel in vegetative organs, soil, litter is higher than the control values. Moreover, their content increases both during the growing season and with an increase in the age of the pine (needles and shoots). There is an uneven accumulation of metal in various organs of Scots pine. A high level of correlation was noted: between the content of cobalt in the soil and needles of the 1st year, shoots of the 1st year - PP No. 1 (r = 0.86; r = 0.78); between the content of cobalt in the soil and bark, litter - PP No. 2 (r = 0.99; r = 0.96); between the nickel content in the soil and needles of the 1st year, needles of the 2nd year, shoots of the 1st year - PP # 1 (r = 0.84; r = 0.78; r = 0.80); between the nickel content in soil and needles of the 1st year, shoots of the 1st year, bark, litter - PP No. 2 (r = 0.92; r = 0.89; r = 0.78; r = 0.87). Keywords: COBALT, NICKEL, SCOTS PINE, NEEDLES, SHOOTS, SOIL LITTER


The guide wind panel was designed to control the even non-uniform distribution of air flux in the desiccater.The working theory of the guiede wind panel was analysed and the mathematical model was worked out;the numerical calculating was done in order to imitate the distributing of hot-air in the desiccator which was influenced by the guide wind panel.What's more,the drying speed of grape was observed by the experiment of grape drying.The results showed that the air flux distributed evenly and drying speed of material was even when the guide wind panel was added.


This paper describes an independent study course for Junior College electronic engineering students in Taiwan. During this course, students employ the knowledge obtained from general and professional courses to carry out an independent study project, in which they cooperate within small groups to design, construct and integrate a Remote-controllable Fire Engine Prototype (REFP) system. The intention of the course is to take students beyond the familiar learning experiences of basic theoretical and practical courses, and to provide them with an opportunity to learn the importance of cooperation, discussion and mutual trust. This paper describes the course contents and objectives and reports upon the students' responses to, and feelings of, their experiences during the course. The practical results of the course and the comments received from the participants suggest that the course strengthens the social EQ of the individual group members and develops both their moral integrity and their professional abilities. Hence, it is recommended that this type of project course be implemented more widely in the education of electronic engineering students studying at Junior Colleges in Taiwan.


The Internet is now one of the most popular media outlets for campaigning and elections, and may soon be used for electronic voting. The scope of this editorial preface is to examine the impact of the Internet on American politics relative to campaigns and elections. It is based on the notion that the Internet is playing a major role in the politics of many foreign nations albeit in varying proportions with respect to its impact on candidates, strategists, media, citizens, and activists.


Ascertaining the sustainability of current status and future food security is considered as the topmost challenge in agricultural crop production. Approximately 90% of arable lands are prone to one or more such stresses, which accounts for about 70% of the loss of different food crops. The climate is changing frequently and with the changing climate, plants are subjected to different abiotic and biotic stresses like drought, diseases, and pests. The tolerance level of six selected tea clones was evaluated against drought, dieback disease, one chewing pest, namely looper (Hyposidra talaca) and one sucking pest, namely tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora). The results indicated that clone 107/17 performed superior physiologically and biochemically among the assessed clones. For physiological evaluation, the portable photosynthetic meter LI-COR 6400 XT was used. In looper susceptibility evaluation, clone 107/17 performed well but failed to show tolerance against the tea mosquito bug. The other two promising clones performed at par with the two control clones, TV1 and TV18.


The mechanism of anodic corrosion is usually explained by its effect occurs because of differential dissolution, as the current is applied and the oxidization film covering the lower peaks of the surface [1]. Elmore was studied the current-voltage relationship for the polishing of copper in orthophosphoric acid system. He attributed the polishing effect to a varying concentration gradient of the dissolved metal ions over the protrusions and valleys [2,3]. Mass-transport limitations for the anode are commonly believed to be responsible for anodic corrosion and this theory is supported by the observation in many experimental systems of polishing for anodic dissolution with a limiting-current plateau [4-8]. According to the wide range applications of carbon steel [9-13], several methods have been applied to reduce the corrosion and make up passive layer, which act as protective film on its surface. The use of inhibitors is one of the most practical methods for the protection against corrosion in acidic media. To be effective, an inhibitor must also displace the water from the metal surface, interact with anodic or cathodic Factors Affecting the Process of Anodic Dissolution Under Electropolishing Conditions by Adsorption of Polymers Molecules on Carbon Steel Surface


We propose an efficient method to deal with the matching and registration problem found in cross-source point clouds captured by different types of sensors. This task is especially challenging due to the presence of density variation, scale difference, a large proportion of noise and outliers, missing data, and viewpoint variation. The proposed method has two stages: in the coarse matching stage, we use the ensemble of shape functions descriptor to select potential K regions from the candidate point clouds for the target. In the fine stage, we propose a scale embedded generative Gaussian mixture models registration method to refine the results from the coarse matching stage. Following the fine stage, both the best region and accurate camera pose relationships between the candidates and target are found. We conduct experiments in which we apply the method to two applications: one is 3D object detection and localization in street-view outdoor (LiDAR/VSFM) cross-source point clouds and the other is 3D scene matching and registration in indoor (KinectFusion/VSFM) cross-source point clouds. The experiment results show that the proposed method performs well when compared with the existing methods. It also shows that the proposed method is robust under various sensing techniques, such as LiDAR, Kinect, and RGB camera.


The superiority of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) over incandescent lights is well-supported. This is due to their high-brightness, long life expectancy, high tolerance to humidity, low power consumption and minimal heat generation. One important characteristic of LEDs is that they are semiconductor devices and are capable of fast switching with the addition of appropriate electronics. That is, the visible light emitted by the LEDs can be modulated and encoded with information and data. This idea has given rise to many new applications in the communications area of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This paper aims to present some measurements and characteristics of the visible light optical link. For the covering abstract see IRRD E102946.


The upper side frame capture (8) is mounted on a land vehicle (1), particularly urban public transport, and cooperates for aerial electric power supply of the vehicle with wipers (16) stationary arranged along its traffic way. This structure comprises: a conductor track (14) disposed longitudinally in the lateral upper part of the vehicle and having a contact zone (15) for the wiper; an electrical connection connecting the conductive path to the electric circuit of the vehicle; an insulating support (24) on which is mounted the conductive track; a mechanically connecting means of the sensing structure to the vehicle; and a damping device which absorbs shocks caused by rubbing and ensures a satisfactory contact between the conductor track and the wiper. The invention is particularly transport vehicle manufacturers in common electrically driven.


The purpose of this research was to determine the level of instructional supervision implementation in national secondary schools, the main criteria of successful instructional supervision, factors that affect the successfulness of the instructional supervision implementation and to identify the significant relationship between instructional supervision and teachers' motivation. The conceptual framework of this research was developed by combinating of two conseptual frameworks, Behavioral Process Model for Instructional Supervision Teachers (Lovell, 1978) and Operating System Model by Stoner and Wankel (1985). To collect data, Quan-qual methods were used by distributing questionnaires to 1,646 teachers in 40 national secondary schools in Selangor. The qualitative method using interview involved 24 teachers of four national secondary schools in Selangor. The data was analysed using discriptive statistics such as mean score, standard deviation, an independent –t test, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Post Hoc Scheffe and multiple regression analysis. The main findings of the research showed that all the five dimensions i.e. an implementation of training programme, management of teaching environment, management of curricular programme, implementation of reporting the programme and implementation of rewards for teachers were the factors that significantly affected the success of instructional supervision implementation and hence, affected the teachers' motivation. However, all the demographic factors tested under this research did not significantly affect the success of the instructional supervision implementation and teachers' motivation. The research implication suggested that the Ministry of Education is supposed to strengthen the instructional supervision program particularly in the areas of reporting the program and rewarding the teachers.


The authors develop the arguments put forward by the Standing Conference on London and South East Regional Planning against the green paper suggestion of eliminating rail subsidies in the south east on all but London inner suburban services. It is disputed that the majority of commuters can afford to pay more and suggested that they often commute long distances from areas where they have been able to obtain cheap housing. A detailed discussion is given of the importance of commuter railways to the economic activity of London and the effects that any price rises would have particularly in encouraging the trend of decentralization. /TRRL/


IntroductionOnce a company begins its development process, putting products into the market as quickly as possible to get a return on investment is the fundamental corporate activity. Leveraging operational knowhow and reducing costs are critical for maintaining a company's competitive advantage although these begin after a company has begun production. In other words, once a product and process design has left the engineering division and after test production runs have begun, all that is left is to put everything together and determine whether the product can be produced as designed. Once the design stage is completed, commercial production runs begin. In other words, the production ramp-up begins with a gradual ramp-up toward mass production. Thereafter, products are delivered to customers and the company begins to recoup its investment.The entrance to automotive expressways is often called rampways, shortened to "ramps." This word has a similar meaning in the production activities of manufacturers. A ramp-up refers to the period in which a company starts its production activities, eventually arriving at its production quantity, quality, and cost goals (Wheelwright & Clark, 1992).Given the time taken by a company to deliver a product to a customer as the total lead time, it goes without saying that both development time and ramp-up target time reductions. A product's time to market can be categorized into the product and production process development time and production ramp-up time. Numerous studies have focused on reducing the development portion of time to market. Concurrent engineering and innovations such as overlaps in the design cycles of products and production processes have been observed in the automotive industry (Clark & Fujimoto, 1991; Itohisa, 2013). In addition, in the case of the semiconductor industry, after new manufacturing equipment begins operating, the initial yield may be less than 5 percent, although that increases to 80 percent after seven to eight months (Appleyard, Hatch, & Mowery, 2000). Thus, this paper focuses on the importance of reducing the ramp-up time, which has been a subject of attention to date.A ramp-up is necessary for two reasons. First, as operators become familiar with new equipment, they climb the so-called learning curve and are able to perform their work with greater efficiency. Next, they discover new problems that were unimagined in the development stage and work on resolving them. Just as they view development as a problem-solving process (Clark & Fujimoto, 1991; Kuwashima, 2015), ramp-ups can also be understood as problem-solving processes (Hayes, Pisano, Upton, & Wheelwright, 2005; Wheelwright & Clark, 1992).Why are rapid ramp-ups important? First, they enable recovery of funds invested in development by beginning production per commercial goals as quickly as possible. In doing so, a company improves financial metrics such as return on assets and return on investment.Second, a rapid ramp-up is vital not only for financial reasons but also for a competitive strategy. If a company can ramp-up faster, it can shorten the time it takes to permeate a market. A company can also achieve mass production faster and reduce manufacturing costs. There is no shortage of cases where a company wishes to take an innovative product to market as soon as possible, but problems such as poor quality and taking too much time to reach mass production cause the company to end up losing to competitors. Industries with short product life cycles can use quick ramp-ups as important competitive weapons.Critical Issues in Production Ramp-upWhat are the critical issues in ramp-ups? First is to achieve mass production targets in a short time and at the required cost and quality levels. A conflict exists between the low levels of production prior to beginning commercial production and high levels of demand (Terwiesch, Bohn, & Chea, 2001). …


In order to prepare polysiloxanes with the ability of electron transport, pendant viologen groups were introduced. Chloromethylated poly(methyl-β-phenethylsiloxane) (2) was reacted with monoalkylbipyridinium chlorides (3a, 3b) to give polysiloxanes (4a, 4b) containing pendant viologen groups. These polymers show reversible redox behavior. They are deposited on ITO electrodes when the pendant viologen dication groups are electrochemically reduced to cation radicals. The polymer deposited shows an absorption maximum (λmax) at 500 nm, which is due to a highly aggregated structure of cation radicals. On the contrary, when the electrode was coated by the polymer before the measurement (pre-cast membrane), the cation radicals formed electrochemically show λmax at 530 nm, indicating that the degree of aggregation is lower than that in the membrane formed reductively from solution.


Controlling the content of formaldehyde in beer is very important because of formaldehyde's toxicity. Nevertheless, accurate determination of its content in beer is difficult because of its low concentration in beer and reversible combination with sulfite. A selective and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of formaldehyde in beer, based on the derivatization of formaldehyde and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), is described. Sample pretreatment was as follows: extraction of formaldehyde from beer through steam distillation of a beer sample preceded by adding 20 mL of phosphoric acid (concentration, 200 g/L) into 20 mL of beer and collection of 100 mL of distillate; mixing of 0.5 mL of the distillate and 1 mL of DNPH (concentration,1 g/L) in a 5-mL tube; and derivatizing for 20 min at 60°C. After derivatization, separation of the derivate was achieved using a C18 column (4 × 250 mm, 5 μm) and isocratic elution with 45% acetonitrile. This whole method enabled formaldehyde in beer to be determined with recoveries close to 100%, a repeatability error of less than 1%, and a limit of detection (LOD) of less than 3 μg/L. The overall method was successfully applied to the determination of formaldehyde in marketplace beers. The results showed that the concentration of formaldehyde in Chinese beers ranged from 0.062 to 0.453 mg/L, and the average content of formaldehyde in these beers was 0.134 mg/L.


The biological characteristics including its distribution,morphological characters and demanded growth condition of Duzhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), a Chinese traditional antiaging medicinal plant are briefly introduced in this paper. The effective function based on both Chinese traditional and western modern medical knowledge, 8 kinds of effective compositions in Duzhong are described in detail. 19 open patents in China,Japan and UK are listed. Finally,the situation of Duzhong production,approaches to meet the need both in quantity and quality of Duzhong production are discussed.


This study takes the plantation Larch lumber for visual grading focusing on the knots based on the relevant rules of visual grading in Chinese GB50005-2003《Code for Design of Timber Structures》.In the process of visual grading,bending failure test was carried out,and the correlation between visual grading results and bending failure test results were analysed and compared.


In this paper we make an empirical comparison of sales time series for online and offline channels. In particular, we analyse the sales dynamic and fluctuation level underlying the sales time series in different channels. The accumulative daily sales distributions of commodities are analysed statistically and the daily sales series are also studied from the perspective of complex networks. We find that most of the commodities' accumulative sales distributions can be fitted by power-law distributions. Visibility graphs are constructed for the daily sales series, and the accumulative degree distributions are also investigated – it is found that they also almost follow power-law distribution. The constant parameter α indicates that different specifications of the same goods have different sales characteristics, and different forms of packaging of commodities, either special offer or ordinary, also show distinctive sales fluctuation levels. The differences show that the direction of these relationships is opposite for online and offline channels.


SIR GAWAIN AND GREEN KNIGHT: THE AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1950-1972 By Roger A. Hambridge The following bibliography lists the translations and editions of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and the articles and books treating the poem, that appeared from 1950 to 1972. The entries are numbered consecutively throughout and arranged alphabetically in each year by author, or by title in the case of editions and translations. An index of authors and translators follows the bibliographical entries. Sources consulted in compiling this list include a bibliography of scholarship to 1966 prepared under the direction of Professor Francis Lee Utley and kindly supplied to me by Professor William Matthews; the PMLA Annual Bibliography; and the Bulletin Bihliographique de la Societe Internationale arthurienne. The list which follows is not completely exhaustive - for instance, it does not reflect a systematic search of foreign language periodicals. Nevertheless, 1 feel confident that no major article or book has been omitted. The annotations which follow each individual entry attempt to present its major thesis as succinctly and objectively as possible (for fuller synopses cf. the Bulletin Bihliographique referred to above). Book-length studies are not annotated, but reviews are cited for them as well as, occasionally, for books containing substantial chapters dealing with Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Analytic assessment of so large an amount of scholarship would be impossible in the space presently available. Morton W. Bloomfield's Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: An Appraisal, provides an excellent


This study critically analyses the micro, meso and macro level factors that influence the female academics to engage in academic entrepreneurship (AE). The extant literature, which seeks to understand the female academics engagement in AE, mostly revolves around a gender comparative lens, where women entrepreneurs are understood only in comparison with men. This study examines the association between female AE and the level of asymmetry between the micro, meso and macro level factors (5M framework).


Local Economic Development (LED) is a participative attempt by local communities, businesses and governments to harness their competencies and resource strengths in order to develop their localities with the aim of achieving economic and social prosperity. The principles and practices of marketing, as a management discipline, have seldom been used to assist in such endeavours, and yet the author argues that much can be learned and applied to LED from the Marketing discipline. This article aims to outline the contributions the marketing discipline and activities can add to LED initiatives in order to achieve success.


Medical image registration can be used for combining information from multiple imaging modalities, monitoring changes in size, shape or image intensity over time intervals. However, the development of such technique can be challenging for 3D spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging, because SD-OCT image is inherently noisy and its high resolution leads to high complexity of non-rigid registration. In this paper, a new segmentation guided approach is reported for registration of retinal OCT data. The proposed method models the 3D registration as a two-stage registration including x-y direction registration and z direction registration. In x-y direction registration, the vessel maps of OCT projection images between the template and the subject are registered to find out x-y direction displacement. The multi-scale vessel enhancement filter and morphological thinning methods are used to extract the vessel maps from the projection image of 3D OCT scans. And then x-y direction displacement is estimated by matching Speeded-Up Robust Features of the vessel maps. In z direction registration, using the tissue map instead of the original intensity image, A-scans are aligned to get the local displacements in z direction. The proposed method was evaluated on 45 longitudinal retinal OCT scans from 15 subjects. Experimental results show that the proposed method is accurate and very efficient.


The study aims to analyze the pattern of broiler breeding business in Aceh. Identify the pattern of farm is a descriptive qualitative based businesses on aspects of livestock production to marketing of livestock products, also includes opportunities, constraints, and the development of farming businesses in North Aceh District.The results showed that businesses broiler farms in North Aceh Regency developing three (3) business pattern is the effort broiler farms with their own capital by farmers, businesses broiler farms built Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health, and businesses broiler farms with a partnership inti-plasma between the companies as the core and farmers as plasma. The main problem faced is the breeder is unable to handle the high feed costs and the risk of death of chickens while chicken prices fluctuate. On the other hand, the lack of guidance and supervision as well as the moral hazard caused the government-owned farming businesses are not able to develop properly. In this condition, the farm-system partnerships are more profitable than other business patterns


The doctrine of frustration operates to discharge a contract where, after the formation of the contract, something occurs which renders performance of the contract impossible, illegal, or something radically different from that which was in the contemplation of the parties at the time of entry into the contract. This chapter examines the scope of the doctrine of frustration and the relationship between the doctrine of frustration and any force majeure or hardship clause that is found in the contract. Consideration is given to the basis of the doctrine of frustration and the remedial consequences of the conclusion that a contract has been frustrated. It also explores the reasons for the narrow scope of the doctrine of frustration and contrasts it with the more liberal regimes to be found in, for example, the Principles of European Contract Law.


This paper explores some issues in equilibrium solutions of stochastic multicriteria decision problems. Correct treatment of this problem involves an extended notion of state, thereby altering conventional concepts of open-loop and closed-loop decisions. Restrictions on transfer of information lead to signalling-free concepts. These topics are discussed and illus-rated with a simple example. 1. INTRODUCTION A common approach in the study of decentralized decision-making in optimization problems is to model the individual decision makers as players within a game [2]. Such an approach is appropriate for classes of systems where there are multiple criteria for multiple decision makers, decentralized information, and natural hierarchies in the order of decision-making. Recent works in the field [1], [53, [6], have focused on systems with a sequential decision structure; these decisions are commonly referred to as "Stackelberg" solutions. Most of these works have dealt with deterministic systems, or with systems where the stochastic structure is very simple. This paper discusses solutions of systems with sequential decision structure and nontrivial stochastic information structure. In particular, it defines and examines three classes of equilibrium solutions, providing a simple example which highlights their differences. 2. DEFINITIONS This section formally defines so-e basic terms, and formulates the sequential decision problem. N Ji is the criterion of the ith player. SR is a selection rule which selects a subset S* C D as a solution of the game. The essential problem of solving a game consists of obtaining S*. The selection rule (also known as solution concept) is usually based on behav-ioral principles governing the players in the game; examples of these principles are Nash, Pareto, minimax, and Stackelberg principles.


Anti-HIV therapy research continues to show promising results and a research update is presented on the following antiviral topics: efavirenz (DMP 266, Sustiva), indinavir (Crixivan), indinavir plus ritonavir (Norvir), hard vs. soft gel saquinavir, nelfinavir (Viracept) cross-resistance, and T-20 (pentafuside). Tables present regimen results, including viral load drop and CD4 cell increases. Difficulties in preventing viral resistance are also discussed. Situations to avoid include using dosing schedules that do not sufficiently suppress the virus, waiting for viral load to return to pre-treatment levels before switching drugs, and not switching drugs to at least two new potent compounds when changing combination therapy. The challenge for patients who have failed previous drug therapies is to develop strategies that allow them to extend the effectiveness of their options long enough for at least two new potent drugs to become available.


In this work, the major aspects have been carried out to establish the relationships between preparation conditions and the ceramic properties of the combination of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.8 O 3 ) - Barium Iron Niobate (BaFe 0.5 Nb 0.5 O 3 ) system. Firstly, perovskite powders of BFN have been prepared by a solid state reaction technique via ball milling. Phase formation and morphologies of the calcined powders have been investigated. It has been found that a single-phase cubic BFN powders are successfully obtained at a calcination temperature of 1200 ° C. After that,


The invention discloses a spiral acceleration-type electromagnetic gun system and an obtaining method of the spiral acceleration-type electromagnetic gun system. The spiral acceleration-type electromagnetic gun system comprises a spiral-type superconductive electromagnetic boosting subsystem, a high-temperature superconductive magnetic suspension subsystem and a superconductive magnetic confinement subsystem. An electromagnetic gun boosting process is carried out in a spiral acceleration mode through the spiral-type superconductive electromagnetic boosting subsystem and the requirement for impulse power of a boosting system is lowered; a superconductive magnetic suspension technology is adopted in the high-temperature superconductive magnetic suspension subsystem for eliminating mechanical friction, so that ablation of a projectile body and a gun barrel is avoided; high centrifugal force generated because the spiral radius is small in the acceleration process of the projectile body is overcome by the superconductive magnetic confinement subsystem according to a superconductive magnetic confinement technology; heat-dissipation-free design of the gun barrel is achieved by the electromagnetic gun system according to the electrical-resistance-free characteristic of a superconductive material, and therefore the high-firing-speed continuous firing capacity is achieved. According to the spiral acceleration-type electromagnetic gun system, the spiral gun barrel and the spiral acceleration mode of the projectile body are adopted, so that high outlet speed is easy to achieve; no mechanical friction and ablation influence on the gun barrel exists in the whole firing process and the gun barrel can be used for a long time; active control over a boosting coil is not needed and the problem that a traditional halved joint electromagnetic gun is difficult to control is solved; forced cooling and heat-dissipating waiting do not needed to be conducted on the gun barrel in the process of continuous firing and the continuous firing capacity of the spiral acceleration-type electromagnetic gun system is far higher than that of the traditional electromagnetic gun.


Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem which needs to be addressed. The maternal factors play a major role in the child's weight. The main aim is to identify the risk factors in the mother and appropriately manage so as to reduce the effects on children. Aim was to study the maternal risk factors influencing the weight of the baby in a tertiary care hospital at Pondicherry.Methods: A total of 225 babies were included in the study. Birth weight was recorded within 30 minutes after birth. Mother's details were collected using a questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21.Results: A total of 225 babies and their mothers were enrolled in the study where 124 were males and 101 were females. 204 were term and 21 were preterm. Mean age of the mothers was 22.52±3.33 years, mean weight noted was 62.94±10.09 kg and mean height was 160.1±7.15 cm. The study showed associations between birth weight and mother's age, weight, height, hemoglobin (Hb) %, birth interval, income, bad obstetric history and complications.Conclusions: This study concluded that maternal factors are associated with birth weight owing to mother's age, weight, height, anemia, birth interval, bad obstetric history with complications and family income. This calls for better management of mothers at the initial stages of pregnancy to reduce LBW and morbidity and mortality. Health education and large-scale awareness programs implementation can reduce and prevent this public health problem.


The invention relates to the field of materials investigation and analysis using radiation methods, in particular, using X-ray and neutron radiation, and can be used primarily as a simulant of a nitrogen-containing explosive, with the exception of a hexogen or octogen based explosive, in the testing, tuning and calibration of X-ray and neutron radiation systems for detecting explosives inside monitored items, which systems are used for the prevention of terrorism and the illegal trafficking of explosives, as well as for the training of system operators. The simulant contains a solid body of any shape made from a mixture of the following powdered ingredients: 29-37 wt% aluminium nitrate nonahydrate; 15-21 wt% melamine; and 42-56 wt% graphite, and the solid body has a density of 1.4-1.7 g/cm 3 . The invention provides for an increase in the range of agents used to simulate explosives, and the creation of a safe simulant of a nitrogen-containing explosive for use in the testing and calibration of X-ray and neutron radiation systems for detecting explosives, as well as in the training of system operators.


Recently, several spectral estimation techniques which offer significantly higher resolution than the conventional DFT technique have been introduced. The use of these techniques in scattering analysis is presented in this paper. The emphasis is placed on two methods; MUSIC method and adaptive auto-regressive method based on the LMS approach. A comparative performance evaluation of these two techniques is reported. The study is based on the time domain analysis of the frequency domain RCS return which is dispersive in nature.


The definition, classification and characteristics of renewable energy are discussed. The driving forces for the development of renewable energy are analyzed, such as oil price jump, the pressure to reduce the emission of the greenhouse gasses, market needs, international competition in high-tech industry, promoting policies. The present situation and prospect of the development of the biomass energy, hydropower, wind power, solar energy and geothermal energy in China and the world are summarized. The development speed of renewable energy will reach an unprecedented scale in the next fifteen years in China.


Rough set theory is a generalisation of classical set theory. It is an effective mathematical approach to deal with vagueness and ambiguity in information systems. Combining this theory with rough algebraic structures is a recent trend in the area of mathematical research. In this paper we consider G -module as the universal set and we introduce the notion of rough G -module with respect to a G -submodule of a G -module.


The technological imperative is one of the major competitive challenges facing the EEC's future industrial and economic development. The need to establish structures to ensure effective cooperation between higher education and industry is pressing. This article examines each member state in turn, with special attention paid to their attitude towards cooperation and the training of academic liaison staff. Factors required for cooperation are analysed and obstacles discussed. The author emphasizes the urgency for the training requirement to be dealt with to meet the technological challenges of the 1990s.


The examination of a practical issue with a web site has led, in this paper, directly to the consideration of the need for, and an assessment of the impact of, an approach based on fundamental theories of 'what is', to examine what information systems research is and the relations of its component areas of endeavour. The paper presents an examination of the use of the philosophical field of ontologies, and specifically the use of the ontological approaches upon which to base categories of information systems research activities. This theoretical analysis is intended to be used as the basis from which to develop a methodology to undertake the development of the categorial scheme for the web site that initiated the research.


Objective To explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on nonalcoholic steatohepatitic rats chronically fed with high fat diet. Methods 29 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups:Model group( n =10)fed with high fat diet,and treated group( n =10)fed with high fat diet for 2 weeks added ursodeoxycholic acid(15mg/kg/d),and normal group,9 rats fed with standard diet for 12 weeks and sacrificed.Results All model rats developed obesity,hyperlipidemia and increase of serum aminotransferase level with steatohepatitis shown in hepatic histopathology.Compared with the model group,only the treated group shown improvement of serum aminotransferase,hepatic steatosis,inflammation and necrosis,but without statistical difference.Conclusion Ursodeoxycholic acid does not have preventive or therapeutic effect on obese,hyperlipidemic and steatohepatitic rats induced with high fat diet.


Short message service (SMS) that has been widely used in various fields could potentially utilized for problem-solving consulting services that are based on expert system, so it takes a kind of application platform to implement this service. This paper proposes an expansion of online expert system services (web and wap based) by adding an application use SMS interface. Knowledge base of the expert system, which employs a decision tree approach, is expressed in the form of a database that can be accessed by the application interfaces, including SMS interface. According to the experiment results, the decision tree has been able to play a role directing the consultation mechanism from an initial question to reach a conclusion interactively. Thus, a problem-solving case that can be expressed in the decision tree allows the implementation of this system.


A new wavelet coding method for network based on EZW is introduced. This algorithm deals with coefficient according to its importance by hierarchical quantization, hierarchical encoding and hierarchical transmission. Its decoding precision can be controlled both by T and by hierarchy. Shown by experiment, the performance of this method is similar to the EZW algorithm with the same compression ratio, but its efficiency is greater than EZW. It is suitable for the network to some extent.


Using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for equipment condition monitoring is an important application of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), and the limited energy is the key factor to restrict the application of UAV. In order to reduce the computational load for intelligence computing of UAV, this article proposes a cloud edge collaborative intelligent method for object detection, and applies it to insulator string recognition defect detection in the power IIoT. First, the impact of the extremely large aspect ratio of object on the detection accuracy and the computational load is analyzed, then the cloud edge collaborative intelligent method for insulator string detection and defect recognition is presented, in which on the UAV side a low cost method is proposed for estimating possible directions of insulator strings, and on the cloud side, an effective method is proposed for insulator string defect detection. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. To the best knowledge of us, this article is the first work to analyze the impact of the extremely large aspect ratio of insulator string on the detection accuracy and the computational load.


Cassava and sweet potatoes are popular tropical tuber crops, grown under marginal conditions in smallholder systems. Thus potential yields of these crops are not realized due to the suboptimal management practices. Mulching is an easy and useful method inducing benefits to most tropical crops. The impact of three types of plant materials used as mulches (rice straw, grass and leaves of a legume tree Gliricidia) on growth and yields of cassava and sweet potato was determined under field conditions. Mulching increased growth and yields of both species when compared to that of non mulched plants. However legume leaves, which has a lower C: N ratio increased vegetative growth of both species when compared to plants mulched with rice straw or grass. The type of mulch did not affect yield components and tuber yield of sweet potato, and tuber yields were increased by 41%. The impact of mulches on cassava was greater (54%) than in non-mulched plants. The rice straw (or grass) mulch, which has a higher C: N ratio enhanced tuber yields by 24% when compared to the legume leaf mulch in this longterm tuber crop. The usefulness of mulches for increasing yields and the benefits of slow decomposing mulches on cassava was observed under rainfed conditions.


Villages in Wyoming's Wind River Range, inhabited ca. 4000-420 BP, exhibit patterning that indicates reliance on specific lithic resources, white bark pine, and traditional game. These villages were occupied in the warmer months as part of a seasonal migration pattern, enhanced and accommodated by an early onset of the Medieval Warming Period in the region. The resources that motivated the settlement of these mountains conflict with any preconceptions of scarcity in the alpine and sub-alpine environments. This research seeks to inform future assessments of a locality's potential to hold significant archaeological sites.


Archaeological work in the south-western United States has undergone tremendous growth during the last fifteen years, prompting vigorous debate over interpretation of the archaeological record. But renewed theoretical conflicts have been accompanied by the recognition that prehistoric burial practices provide an unparalleled opportunity for understanding and reconstructing ancient civilisations and for identifying the influences that helped shape them. To date, no single volume of scholarship on burial practices and sites has brought together the breadth of approaches, techniques, and analyses contained in this collection of essays by leading Southwest archaeologists, physical and biological anthropologists, paleopathologists, and Native American tribal historians and resource managers. Using modern methods and theory and a cross-disciplinary approach, the twenty authors evaluate ancient burial practices to recreate the structure and history of major south-western cultures, including the Hohokam, Anasazi, Sinagua, Zuni, Mogollon, and Salado. This state-of-the-art collection combines case studies, population analyses, an examination of new federal laws that have changed the face of archaeological mortuary studies, and an essential Native American perspective on archaeologists' study of human remains and mortuary artefacts.<


Fire is one of the few disasters that frequently occurred in Indonesia. Jakarta has archived 1139 fire incident with more than 20 casualties in 2016. By the rapid development of information technology and communication in Indonesia, it turns out that the number of incident and casualty still cannot be suppressed. This research is focused on early fire detection and home monitoring based on Wireless Sensor Network using 4 sensors such as temperature, air humidity, Carbon Monoxide, and smoke sensors. If the fire probability calculation categorized as high, system will perform an action of unlocking home door lock, turning on alarm, and notifying the user. Based on the trials and testing result, system is able to send notification to user precisely. However, error still can be encountered with up to 0.3% ratio on fire probability calculation.


The boron carbide (B4C) ceramic is suitable material for armour application due to its low density, high hardness and compressive strength. It is subjected to high strain rate of loading during the projectile impact. Therefore, in this study, the compressive response of B4C is determined under low and high strain rate of loading using Modi ed Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (MSHPB) test. The experimental results indicated that the uniaxial compressive strength of B4C ceramic is not sensitive to the strain rate of up to 103 s-1 and the failure of the B4C specimen was sudden and catastrophic under the uniaxial compressive loading at both low and high strain rate.


Many countries are managing COVID-19 epidemic by switching between lighter and heavier restrictions. While an open-close and a close-open cycle have comparable socio-economic costs, the former leads to a much heavier burden in terms of deaths and pressure on the healthcare system. An empirical demonstration of the toll ensuing from procrastination was recently observed in Israel, where both cycles were enforced from late August to mid-December 2020, yielding some 1,600 deaths with open-close compared to 440 with close-open.


A new 19 channel SQUID magnetometer system is designed and has been being developed for research use in order to measure the neuromagnetic fields originating from cortices of human brain. This is the total hardware system consisting of 19 SQUID sensors with detecting coils, readout electronics, a liquid helium dewar, a gantry and an electromagnetically shielded room.<<ETX>>


References 1. Dixon P, Davies P, Hollingworth W, et al. A systematic review of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry compared to routine microbiological methods for the time taken to identify microbial organisms from positive blood cultures. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015 May;34(5):863-76. 2. Kohlmann R, Hoffmann A, Geis G, et al. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry following short incubation on a solid medium is a valuable tool for rapid pathogen identification from positive blood cultures. Int J Med Microbiol. 2015 Jun-Aug;305(45):469-79. 3. Biofire Diagnostics, LLC. (2015). The FilmArray System FilmArray. Retrieved August 31, 2015, from http://filmarray.com/the-filmarray-system. Conclusions


Fuji prescale film (pressure sensitive film) of low and super\|low pressure were calibrated in respect of optic density values in an environment of 25℃ temperature and 40% humidity. The calibration curve was based on a fourth polynomial fitting of density of stains. Computer was used to analyze the image information from Fuji film. The system error was about 12%. We used Fuji film to measure the stress distribution of lumbar facet joints. The information from the film was analyzed by this system. Results obtained were satisfactory.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a spinel-type lithium manganate positive pole material, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a lithium source compound, a dopant, a grinding aid and manganese peroxide in a mixing device for 2-20 hours; (2) sintering the mixture obtained in the step (1) at 600-1000 DEG C in an oxygen-containing atmosphere for 6-30 hours; and (3) crushing the sintering product obtained in the step (2), sintering at 400-700 DEG C in an oxygen-containing atmosphere for 1-10 hours, and screening to obtain the product. The added grinding aid effectively enhances the mixing uniformity between the manganese peroxide and other components. The prepared lithium manganate has the advantages of high crystallinity and excellent high-temperature cycle performance.


A novel method for the preparation of 2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole 9 by iodination and subsequent cyclization of the easily available N-allylimidazoline-2-thiones 5, is described. Selected transformations of the iodomethyl derivatives 9, leading to methylidene compounds 10 or the sulfide 11 (Nu = RS), via elimination with a base or via substitution with an enolizable imidazoline-2-thione (the term '1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thione' will be used alternatively), respectively, are presented.


Because of their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the nanomaterials most often incorporated in nanofunctionalised consumer products such as paints, food containers, clothing and surgical instruments, and are considered beneficial for tissue regeneration and wound repair. Despite their industrial and medical advantages, AgNPs have a cyto- and genotoxic potential and can affect different tissues and cell types, including stem cells, which are a relevant target of nanoparticles. This makes an in-depth knowledge on stem cell toxicology essential in understanding the heterogeneity of toxic responses, especially in developmental and carcinogenic tissues. We assessed the biocompatibility of non-coated (NC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated spherical AgNPs using the stem cell model organism, Schmidtea mediterranea. This free-living freshwater triclad (planarian) allows uncomplicated set-ups and high-throughput screening and is uniquely positioned because of its easily accessible population of adult somatic stem cells. As such, it is possible to study underlying mechanisms of nanoparticle toxicity on stem cells in vivo, and link them to physiological parameters like regeneration and development. After a physicochemical AgNP characterisation and cellular uptake and localization study, a sensitivity screen revealed a higher susceptibility for regenerating compared to fully developed organisms. An in-depth assessment of molecular, cellular and physiological effects showed a delayed neurodevelopment at all levels, which was stronger for PVP-AgNP. AgNPs also decreased the motility of regenerating S. mediterranea and changed the type of motility behavior in a concentration-dependent way. Underlying to the behavioral effects, a significant inhibition of brain and eye regeneration was observed. This is probably caused by altered stem cell dynamics, as an exposure to different concentrations of AgNPs induced a significant decrease in stem cell proliferation. The reduced stem cell proliferation also induced an overall delay in tissue development resulting in a smaller blastema. The results of this ongoing research project indicate that effects of AgNPs on development processes in S. mediterranea are factual and should be considered in future risk analysis.


The genera Ustilago, Sporisorium and Macalpinomyces are a polyphyletic complex of plant pathogenic fungi. The four main morphological characters used to define these genera have been considered homoplasious and not useful for resolving the complex. This study re-evaluates character homology and discusses the use of these characters for defining monophyletic groups recovered from a reconstructed phylogeny using four nuclear loci. Generic delimitation of smut fungi based on their hosts is also discussed as a means for identifying genera within this group. Morphological characters and host specificity can be used to circumscribe genera within the Ustilago-Sporisorium-Macalpinomyces complex.


The relationship between baptism and membership of the church. This aricle examines the relaionship between bapism and membership of the church. The author's main thesis is that baptism signifies the unity with Christ, and as such unity with the body of Christ (the church). Research has shown that baptism exists in different religions, cults and sects as an initiation rite. This forms the background to the New Testament,s presentation of baptism as ( inter alia ) an initiation rite. This article examines not only these baptism rites, but also the different metaphors in the New Testament concerned with baptism as initiation. The history of baptism in the church and the way bapism functions in the Reformed tradition, in terms of church polity and membership of the church, are also examined.


For single-photon generation based on cavity quantum electrodynamics, we investigate a practical model assuming a Gaussian wavepacket. This model makes it possible to comprehensively analyze the temporal dynamics of an atom-cavity system with both adiabatic and nonadiabatic conditions using analytical expressions. These results enable us to clarify the relationship between pulse width and maximum success probability, over the full range of coupling regimes, for arbitrary detunings. We demonstrate how to achieve a high success probability while keeping a short pulse width by optimizing the cavity transmittance parameter. Our formulations provide a practical tool for efficient single-photon generation in a wide variety of experimental platforms.


Forest managers are challenged with meeting numerous demands that often include wildlife habitat and carbon (C) sequestration. We used a probabilistic framework of wildfire occurrence to (1) estimate the potential for fuel treatments to reduce fire risk and hazard across the landscape and within protected California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) habitat and (2) evaluate the consequences of treatments with respect to terrestrial C stocks and burning emissions. Silvicultural and prescribed fire treatments were simulated on 20% of a northern Sierra Nevada landscape in three treatment scenarios that varied in the land area eligible for treatment. Treatment prescriptions varied with topography, vegetation characteristics, and ownership. We then simulated many wildfires in the treated and untreated landscapes. Additional simulations allowed us to consider the influence of wildfire size on estimated emissions. Treatments constrained to the land area outside of spotted owl activity centers reduced the probability of burning and potential fire intensity within owl habitat and across the landscape relative to no-treatment scenarios. Allowing treatment of the activity centers achieved even greater fire hazard reductions within the activity centers. Treatments also reduced estimated wildfire emissions of C by 45–61%. However, emissions from prescribed burning exceeded simulated reductions in wildfire emissions. Consequently, all treatment scenarios resulted in higher C emissions than the no-treatment scenarios. Further, for wildfires of moderate size (714–2133 ha), the treatment scenarios reduced the C contained in live tree biomass following simulated wildfire. When large wildfires (8070–10,757 ha) were simulated, however, the treatment scenario retained more live tree C than the no-treatment scenario. Our approach, which estimated terrestrial C immediately following wildfire, did not account for long-term C dynamics, such as emissions associated with post-wildfire decay, C sequestration by future forest growth, or longer-term C sequestration in structural wood products. While simulated landscape fuel treatments in the present study reduced the risk of uncharacteristically severe wildfire across the landscape and within protected habitat, the C costs of treatment generally exceeded the C benefits.


[Objective] To investigate the surgical technique of arthroscopic acromioplasty and its efficacy. [Methods] A retrospective analysis was done in 68 consecutive patients with grade 2 subacromial impingement syndrome who had not responded to conservative management and underwent arthroscopic acromioplasty. The mean age of patients was 61 years, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The assessment was performed with the shoulder-rating scale of the University of California at Los Angeles pre- and postoperatively. This 35-point scale combines scores for pain, function, the range of active forward elevation, the strength in forward elevation, and patient satisfaction. [Results] Average follow-up was 16.4 months (range, 12 to 24 months). From three months until two years postoperatively, patients showed a further progressing improvement and relief of symptoms. The average score improved from 18.3 preoperatively to 31.7 postoperatively according to UCLA shoulder score. Overall, 89.7% of patients had a good or excellent result. [Conclusion] Arthroscopy can increase the accuracy of the diagnosis. Arthroscopic decompression and acromioplasty is an effective technique for treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome. Early and persistently postoperative exercises are the key for successful rehabilitation.


The present invention concerns a process for the preparation of derivatives of amino triazines of the formula I by the solvolysis of compounds of formula II IN THE PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN GAS chloride in a medium alcoholic. The compounds of formula I are useful as intermediates for the production of insecticides.


ABSTRACT This study intends to compare the effectiveness of catalytic ozonation and Fenton-like processes for the decolorization of methylene blue using iron-loaded rice husk ash as catalyst. In both processes, effect of initial pH, adsorption, hydroxyl radical scavenger, and chemical oxygen demand removal was studied. The results revealed that catalytic processes were found to be pH dependent with the highest activity at pH 3.0. Unlike Fenton-like process, catalytic ozonation also found to be effective at pH 7.0. It is therefore, concluded that catalytic ozonation process is more effective than Fenton-like process near wastewater pH values.


The influence of the initial clearance between welding surfaces from dissimilar metals (steel 20 + copper M1) during welding by the high-speed impact on the quality of joints when using an electric explosion of the conductor is explored. It is established that the most qualitative welding joint without discontinuities in the interface area is formed during welding with clearance h0 = 4.0 mm. Thus, the maximum total wave formation including the waves of different lengths is observed. This wave formation inlarges the contact surface, thus providing for additional mechanical adhesion of joined metals.


Abstract: Software architectures are very important to capture early design decisions and reason about quality attributes of a system. Unfortunately, there are mismatches between the quality attributes prescribed by the architecture and those realized by its object‐oriented implementation. The mismatches decrease the ability to reason architecturally about the system. Developing an object‐oriented materialization that conforms to the original architecture depends on both the application of the right patterns and the developer's expertise. Since the space of allowed materializations can be really large, tool support for assisting the developer in the exploration of alternative materializations is of great help. In previous research, we developed a prototype for generating quality‐preserving implementations of software architectures, using pre‐compiled knowledge about architectural styles and frameworks. In this paper, we present a more flexible approach, called SAME, which focuses on the architectural connectors as the pillars for the materialization process. The SAME design assistant applies a case‐based reasoning (CBR) metaphor to deal with connector‐related materialization experiences and quality attributes. The CBR engine is able to recall and adapt past experiences to solve new materialization problems; thus SAME can take advantage of developers' knowledge. Preliminary experiments have shown that this approach can improve the exploration of object‐oriented solutions that are still faithful to the architectural prescriptions.


Objective To investigate the risk factors for early recurrence and metastasis of small hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatic resection,and to provide a theoretical basis for the prediction and prevention of early recurrence and metastasis of small hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The hepatocelluar carcinoma patients whose lesion was single and lesion diameter was less than 5cm were investigated retrospectively after curative hepatic resection between 2008 and 2011.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed according to the relevant clinical and pathology factors of early and late recurrence patients to analysis of risk factors for early recurrence and metastasis in small hepatocellular carcinoma.Results By univariate analysis,between the early recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma group and the late recurrence group,the rest of the clinical cases factors were no statistical significance,in addition to the patient's tumor capsule(P =0.027),the postoperative peak value of total bilirubin(TBIL)(P =0.034),microvascular invasion by the microscope examination(P =0.036) were significantly different;The multivariate analysis suggest that the tumor capsule is an independent risk factor of early recurrence and metastasis of small hepatocellular carcinoma.Conclusions The patient's tumor capsulethe postoperative peak value of total bilirubin(TBIL),microvascular invasion by the microscope examination may be closely related with early recurrence and metastasis of small hepatocellular carcinoma.The tumor capsule is an important factor of early recurrence,therefore,to monitor small hepatocellular carcinoma patients without tumor capsule strongly,if necessary,these patients could take the transcatheter care.


The modern legal system is built on the basis of traditional Han and adopted Western Cultures. An indigenous person is regarded as a criminal when his behavior violates the statute even if it rightly obeys his tribe traditions. This overemphasis of Han and Western cultural context in criminal justice is nowadays questioned as the cultural diversity and difference become an issue in our society. However, the most important question for a criminal law researcher remains that how we can deal with a criminal case regarding normative conflicts among Han, Western and Indigenous cultures. This article aims to provide a satisfying answer to the criminal liability within three points:1.Criminal liability is based on code regulations. Cultural recognition cannot be a direct reason for justification or exclusion of criminal liability.2.Criminal law theories ought to consider the cultural multidimensions as they are applied to decide a criminal's liability.3.The author suggested that all elements concerning to criminal liabilities could be divided into two categories: justification (positive) and exclusion (negative) of crimes. As for the former one is concerned, there is no space for cultural multi-dimensions in order to keep the fairness of penal enforcement. However, as we decide whether a defense is sustained, multicultural contexts, including indigenous traditions, must be taken into consideration


The twelve papers forming this collection were presented at a colloquium sponsored by the Department of Pacific and Southeast Asian History of the Australian National University at Canberra in April 1973. Since they deal with a number of comparatively small states, all in the Islamic area of South East Asia, the title is somewhat misleading. Equally so is the statement in the first sentence of the editors' introduction that the "inadequacy of scholarly knowledge of precolonial political systems in Southeast Asia is too painfully apparent to need labouring here". Surely they are not suggesting that those of the mainland monarchies, or of Java, fall within this category? Or even Johore or Aceh, for that matter. The papers collected in this volume shed welcome light upon dark places in the history of selected states in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, south Celebes (Sulawesi) and the small islands of Bali and Lombok. It is good that such subjects are being tackled, and notably by scholars in Australian universities. Moreover, the evidence of their exploration of indigenous sources is indeed heartening. But a little editorial modesty would have been appropriate, and even more so the provision of an index: its lack is a serious handicap to the student for whom this collection is designed. And one further grouse: the new system of spelling proper names used throughout this work looks a bit strange to anyone familiar over many years with its predecessors, Dutch and English. A brief guide to spelling and pronunciation should surely have been provided, particularly since the appeal of the book is to the historian not necessarily with a knowledge of the languages involved. Of the twelve subjects presented, those dealing with practical politics and statecraft are likely to attract the historical reader's prime interest. Dealing first with mainland states, there is much good stuff in Leonard Andaya's 'The Structure of Power in 17th century Johor' and Barbara Watson Andaya's 'The Nature of the State in 18th century Perak', although in the former one would have welcomed rather more on actual 17th century conditions before the great change brought about by the Bugis at the beginning of the 18th century. Aceh's function in the international trade of the 16th and 17th centuries, and in the spread of Islam, has a special interest of its own; hence the investigation of its internal politics by Anthony Reid in 'Trade and the Problem of Royal Power in Aceh c. 1550-1700' and by L. P. Brakel in 'State and Statecraft in 17th century Aceh' supplement existing knowledge and offer critical appraisals of the literature of the subject. The Bataks and the Minangkabau of Sumatra, the Balinese and the Buginese have each so marked an individuality as a people that the valuable insights into their political ideas and activities by Lance Castles in 'Statelessness and Stateforming tendencies among the Bataks before Colonial Rule', by Christine Dobbin in 'The Exercise of Authority in Minangkabau in the late 18th century', by Alfons van der Kraan in 'The Nature of Balinese Rule in Lombok', and by Leonard Andaya in 'The Nature of Kingship in Bone' are timely reminders of the importance of such studies. Dr Macknight's


Based on a large amount of related literatures,a further research on the index gases about the spontaneous combustion of coal was carried out.By programmed heading temperature experiment of coal spontaneous combustion,when such experimental conditions as the initial temperature of experiment,programmed raising rate of temperature,dry air flow,the particle size and weight of coal sample,etc.changed,the production laws of the index gases were researched.The results showed that the initial temperature was the most important influencing factor of the gases generation,the weight of coal sample and programmed raising rate of temperature took the second place.The research achievements have guiding significance for prevention and control work of coal spontaneous combustion.


We characterize nanostructures of two types of EuBa2Cu3Oy (EuBCO) layers containing 3.5 mol%BaHfO3 (BHO) nanorods fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstructions that used a series of cross-sectional SEM images taken in a focused ion beam (FIB)-SEM system. One type of PLD layer was grown in a vapor–solid (V–S) mode, and the other was grown in a vapor–liquid–solid (V–L–S) mode. Relatively large polycrystalline of CuO and Ba–Cu–O phases were found on the surface of EuBCO layer grown in the V–L–S mode, consistent with precipitation from liquid phase. Misoriented EuBCO grains with different orientations to those of the matrix grains nucleated on CuO grains (or clusters of CuO/Ba–Cu–O grains) in both EuBCO layers. Both the self-field and in-field critical current values of the EuBCO layers containing BHO nanorods depend on the volume fraction of the misoriented grains, and thus the V–L–S mode layer exhibits better superconductive properties. The volume fraction of the misoriented EuBCO grains in the matrix of c-axis oriented EuBCO grains grown in the V–L–S mode was smaller than that of those grown in the V–S mode.


We have numerically investigated ionization of molecules exposed to circularly polarized (CP) intense few-cycle pulses (FCPs) by solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schroedinger equation. The resulting photoelectron spectra exhibit an interesting ''plateau'' feature that does not appear for atoms exposed to circularly-polarized laser fields. The origin comes from the intense CP field ionizing a portion of the electron wave packet about one nuclear center and driving it through the other. Moreover, the angular distribution of photoelectrons gives an indication of the carrier-envelope phase of the applied FCP, which implies that steering of photoelectrons in space can be achieved by controlling the FCP phase.


Technological requirements to sawing round sawn wood in the flows on single-saw band-saw machines are formulated, cutting technology, description of algorithm and principles of programme functioning are proposed


Semiconductors with parallel cylindrical pores possess positive birefringence for a single system of pores and negative one—for two mutually perpendicular systems of pores, in accordance with experiments. The matrix luminescence is polarized. For metal-filled pores, the system demonstrates a strong, frequency-dependent anisotropy of the optical properties and may exhibit plasmon amplification of luminescence.


Numerical link-based similarity techniques have proven effective for identifying similar objects in the Internet and publication domains. However, for cases involving unduly high similarity measures, these methods usually generate inaccurate results. Also, they are often restricted to measuring over single properties only. This paper presents an order-of-magnitude based similarity mechanism that integrates multiple link properties to derive semantic-rich similarity descriptions. The approach extends conventional order-of-magnitude reasoning with the theory of fuzzy sets. The inherent ability of this work in computing-with-words also allows coherent interpretation and communication within a decision-making group. The proposed approach is applied to supporting the analysis of intelligence data. When evaluated over a difficult terrorism-related dataset, experimental results show that the approach helps to partly resolve the problem of false positives.


Abstract In summer 2020, researchers conducted a Quality Assurance and Quality Improvement (QA/QI) assessment of the NYU Langone Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Family Support Program's adaptations in response to COVID by interviewing 10 participating spouse caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD). The primary adaptations were shifting from in-person to online services, changing support groups from biweekly to weekly, and offering an arts-based group for PWD daily rather than weekly. In the course of these interviews, all respondents described their adaptation to remote teleconferencing programming, and five also contrasted their experiences with those of the PWD. Methods: After transcription and de-identification, a codebook was created from the transcript content that included a priori topics of interest as well as emergent themes using framework analysis. These transcripts were then coded by two independent coders through an iterative process and consultation with the codebook creator, who also resolved any discrepancies between coders. Results: Respondents reported largely successful transitions to teleconferencing for themselves, though missing the physical contact afforded by meeting in-person. However, they also described some interactional challenges related to participants talking over one another, and suggested more active moderating to facilitate greater turn-taking. The respondents' descriptions of the PWD's response suggested a much less successful transition to teleconferencing. Challenges and barriers included lack of interest, difficulty following or participating in conversation, and teleconferencing creating confusion, such making it "hard for her to separate out when everybody's in the same place or not."


Abstract Background Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) may follow any form of pregnancy or a pregnancy loss. Early detection of GTDs is important, as some benign forms of the disease may progress into a chemoresistant and metastatic disease. This study aimed at determining the frequency of GTDs among women experiencing first trimester pregnancy loss and the associated patients' characteristics. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included 200 conveniently sampled women who experienced first trimester pregnancy loss from January to December 2019 at a Regional Referral Hospital in central Tanzania. The specimen obtained from products of conception were collected, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded and submitted for histopathological evaluation, for which haematoxylin and eosin stain was used. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0. The χ2 test was used to determine the association between categorical variables. p-Values ˂0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Among 200 study participants, the overall frequency of GTDs was 42 (21%). Among those with GTDs, the most common histopathological diagnosis was partial hydatidiform mole (18 [42.9%]), followed by complete hydatidiform mole (17 [40.5%]) and choriocarcinoma (7 [16.5%]). In the studied participants, only increased human chorionic gonadotropin hormone levels were found to be statistically significantly associated with GTDs (p=0.000). Conclusions Results from this study suggest that routine histopathological evaluation of the products of conception is recommended in order to allow early detection of GTDs, including choriocarcinoma, which usually carries a poor prognosis. The histopathological reporting of choriocarcinoma among first trimester products of conception from Tanzania is novel.


Electrode sintering results in elevated potential plateau in the case of oxidation of organic films at platinized platinum. This oxidation potential at a particular organic coverage is found to be a linear function of the roughness factor of the electrode. The charge transfer coefficient is also evaluated from this dependence.


Difference in disease resistance to Sphaceloma ampelinum and Plasmopara viticola among two wild grape species(Vitis adenoclada Hand.-Mazz.and Vitis davidii Foёx) and two cultivated varieties(Red Globe and Hutai-8) were compared.By investigating the disease resistance in natural stands,the difference in disease resistance among scions which were grafted by the wild grape species and other wild grape resources were analyzed.Results showed that Vitis adenoclada Hand.-Mazz.were highly resistant to both Sphaceloma ampelinum and Plasmopara viticola.Vitis davidii Foёx showed resistance to Sphaceloma ampelinum,but not to Plasmopara viticola.The resistance was significantly improved when Vitis davidii Foёx was took as rootstock to form scion-rootstock combinations.Thus,Vitis adenoclada Hand.-Mazz.and Vitis davidii Foёx could be both used as resources for breeds with powerful resistance to fungal disease and Vitis davidii Foёx could be used as a source of breeding material for rootstocks.


Selection of mounted planters involves knowledge of several technical specifications, including maximum weight of the machine, in order to provide tractor stability and steering. This paper aims to analyze longitudinal stability of tractors with engine power up to 42.0kW, using three point hitch-mounted planters. Technical information of the tractors was collected from catalogs and directly from authorized dealers, including: rated engine power, total weight, distance between axles and distance between the rear axle and lower hitch point. For the planters with up to 3 rows the empty weight and weight of seed and fertilizer were determined. Results presented tractors of 11 brands and 32 models along with 11 brands and 32 models of planters. It was possible to obtain 1,024 combinations between tractors and planters, 352 of which would remain stable. The other 672 combinations would be not stable, potentially compromising longitudinal stability and handling of the tractors. In conclusion, the main variables that contributed to these results were low total weight, distance between axles and type of tractor (4x2 or front wheel assist), as well as its particularities for weight distribution between axles.


The velocity of propagation of compressional waves was determined for 16 samples of basalt recovered during Leg 24 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Velocity measurements of the samples were first conducted at atmospheric pressure and then at intervals of higher hydrostatic confining pressure up to 7 kb. The velocity data presented here provide useful criteria for correlation of rock types cored at Sites 231, 235, 236, and 238 and Hole 233A with seismic refraction results from the Indian Ocean.


We demonstrate a way to suppress noise of a commercial 2.45GHz magnetron for wireless power transfer application. The impurity of the microwave spectrum was identified being attributed to the switching frequency of 76kHz in the power supply. With the decoupling capacitor disposed to the output of the high-voltage power supply driving the magnetron, the spectral purity of the magnetron was significantly enhanced.


The issue of human has been addressed by scientists since a long time ago. This approach has led to the appearance of different sects. We have compared from among the scientists the thoughts of two philosophers, namely Shahid Motahari who is a unitary philosopher and Jean Paul Sartre, who is an atheist philosopher. Shahid Motahari considers man prior to his nature. He proves nature in man through human perceptions and tendencies. He also considers tendency to monotheism as the highest human criterion and value. In such conditions, it is evident that he defines man as a responsible, task-oriented and targeted creature enjoying the dignity to be the God's representative. He also considers man's end to approach God according to the Holy Koran. In contrast, Sartre considers man's nature to be prior to his existence. Considering the fact that he has emphasized so much on the individual freedom and selection, he denies human nature and believes that man must personally build himself. He considers human equal to apprehension and considers this problem as the result of man's responsibility in selecting his own way of living method. Since man specifies his way in life through his own selection and synchronously builds human society, it can be said that apprehension is one of the main characteristics of man's special nature according to Sartre. Our goal in this paper is to compare two different thoughts and to describe the legitimacy of real thoughts. Moreover, research method in this paper is of descriptive and analytical type.


Fifteen specific bacteriophages, each active on particular strains of Rhizobium meliloti, have been selected from those isolated by enrichment of local soils. Variables affecting phage–host interac...


A comparison was made of specific contact resistivity and morphology of Ti/Al/Pt/WSi/Ti/Au and Ti/Al/Pt/W/Ti/Au ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN heterostructures relative to the standard Ti/Al/Pt/Au metallization. The W- and WSi-based contacts show comparable specific resistivities to that of the standard contact on similar layer structures, reaching minimum values of ∼10−5 Ω cm2 after annealing in the range 850–900 °C. However, the W- and WSi-based contacts exhibit much smoother surface morphologies, even after 950 °C annealing. For example, the root-mean-square roughness of the Ti/Al/Pt/WSi/Ti/Au contact annealed at 950 °C was unchanged from the as-deposited values whereas the Ti/Al/Pt/Au contact shows significant deterioration of the morphology under these conditions. The improved thermal stability of the W- and WSix-based contacts is important for maintaining edge acuity during high-temperature operation.A comparison was made of specific contact resistivity and morphology of Ti/Al/Pt/WSi/Ti/Au and Ti/Al/Pt/W/Ti/Au ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN heterostructures relative to the standard Ti/Al/Pt/Au metallization. The W- and WSi-based contacts show comparable specific resistivities to that of the standard contact on similar layer structures, reaching minimum values of ∼10−5 Ω cm2 after annealing in the range 850–900 °C. However, the W- and WSi-based contacts exhibit much smoother surface morphologies, even after 950 °C annealing. For example, the root-mean-square roughness of the Ti/Al/Pt/WSi/Ti/Au contact annealed at 950 °C was unchanged from the as-deposited values whereas the Ti/Al/Pt/Au contact shows significant deterioration of the morphology under these conditions. The improved thermal stability of the W- and WSix-based contacts is important for maintaining edge acuity during high-temperature operation.


SUMMARY Because of the increasing complexity of emergency medical care, medical staffs require sophisticated training systems. To address this need, we initiated the Virtual Emergency Room (VER) project. The VER allows Emergency Department personnel to practice emergency medical procedures and treatment protocols. The potential advantages of this system include the ability to evaluate and refine treatment skills, and the ability to provide scenario-specific training for medical teams. These advantages will ultimately improve the readiness of emergency department staffs for a wide variety of trauma situations. We describe the purposes of the VER and present a discussion of the major components of this distributed virtual environment. The capabilities of our prototype are described and we suggest follow-on research.


[Extract] Lytic bacteriophages (phages for short) are viruses that can infect and kill bacteria. Phages are diverse, numerous and ubiquitous. Most species of bacteria that have been studied in sufficient depth have been found to be susceptible to infection by at least one kind of phage. In general, phages are very host-specific. Indeed, some bacterial species are categorised into subgroups on the basis of their phage susceptibility. Conversely, a particular bacterial strain may be susceptible to infection by many different phage types. Phages have been studied intensively since the 1940s and have contributed enormously to our understanding of microbial genetics and molecular biology. Today, phages are routinely used as 'tools' in many molecular biological laboratories. The discipline of virology has its roots in the study of bacteriophages.


A large amount of studies deals with the base station placement problem (BSP), but few studies involve the selection of base stations to meet a set of users. This paper presents an approach for solving BSP problems in an indoor environment, aiming at meeting a set of users, with a minimum number of base stations, using a binary particle swarm optimization (PSO). A benchmark of four maps of increasing complexity was created for testing the system. Results of the binary PSO were compared with optimal solutions found by an exhaustive search algorithm. The computational results sugges t that the PSO algorithm provides a quite efficient approach to obtain (near) optimal solutions with small computational effort. Keywords— Binary PSO; BSP; CDMA. I. I NTRODUCTION With the growing use of wireless base stations in the indoor environment, to seek meeting the total number of users effectively, it becomes necessary to adopt some computational optimization method in order to provide a servic e of satisfactory quality with the minimal number of base stations. The base station placement problem (henceforth, BSP) is characterized as the most important issue to solve in planning a wireless network [1]. This problem was considered NP-hard by many authors [1]–[4]. This fact suggests the use of metaheuristics for solving large instances of the BSP. Only few works about the BSP considered the placement of base stations committed to meet the demands of users in a code division multiple access (CDMA) indoor environment [5] [6]. In these works, only one problem instance (map) was considered, the same for both. This paper presents a model for solving BSP problems in a CDMA indoor environment, concerned with quality of service for a set of users. We propose a model and a benchmark of four instances (maps) with increasing complexity. The instances of BSP were solved using the binary particle swarm optimization (PSO), from evolutionary computation. Solutions were validated with the application of the formulation proposed by [5]. The optimal solutions for this benchmark were found by means of an exhaustive search algorithm. The optimal results were compared with those of the PSO. This paper is organized as follows. In Section II some related works are presented. Section III describes the vari ables and the formulation of the problem. In Section IV we present the model for solving the problem using PSO. Section V shows the benchmarks and the results obtained. Finally, Section VI concludes the paper and points to future directions of research. II. RELATED WORK Research in [5] proposed a binary integer programming (BIP) formulation for solving the BSP problem. It aimed at finding an optimal configuration, in a CDMA system, using the branch-and-bound (B&B) method. The results were compared with a customized version of a genetic algorithm. In [6] an algorithm to find the optimal configuration of base stations of a CDMA network in an indoor environment was proposed. The algorithm combines a heuristic technique with a brute force search. The heuristic search was used to find the minimum number of base stations, and the brute force searched for places for the base stations in predefined positions. The algorithm managed to reach the optimal solution in 10 runs, consuming an average time of one second of runtime, in a scenario with 12 base stations, 54 users (25 randomly selected) and with an area of 18.5m x 18.5m. We will show in Section V that the benchmarks proposed here are much more complex than the test scenario proposed by [6]. Several studies that used evolutionary computation techniques for the BSP were based on genetic algorithms, such as [1], [5], [7]. In these studies the genetic algorithm was found to be effective in solving the problem. The PSO was used for this problem in [4]. Authors adapted the PSO specifically for BSP problems. Solutions considered both coverage and economy for the Pareto curve using the divided range multiobjective particle swarm opti mization (DRMPSO). The results showed the efficiency of the method to find the optimum. The work of [4] deals only with the problem of locating the best position ( x,y) for the installation of the base stations. In the present paper, instead, the base stations are install ed at fixed locations. Most of the works cited consider only the placement of antennas [1], [4], [7]. In [5] [6] it was considered not only the base station placement, but also the location of the The 7th International Telecommunications Symposium (ITS 2010) users. However, only one scenario (with twelve antennas and measured twenty-five users) was used for tests, running for ten times the branch-and-bound and genetic algorithm methods. III. PROBLEM FORMULATION This section describes the base station placement problem as presented in [5]. Considering a CDMA indoor wireless network environment, we assume that there exists a finite number of potential base station sites ( B) and a finite number of user locations requiring service ( U). All users are identical and have a fixed known location. Each potential base station site has its own installation cost (in order to reflect the ease of installation and maintenance at the different sites, for instance). The loading of a base statio n corresponds to the number of users that are connected to that particular base station (with maximum capacity of L users). The problem is defined as selecting the least cost set of base station sites fromB potential sites, so as to provide service toU users, while ensuring that the signal-tointerference ratios on both the forward and reverse links exceed a predefined threshold. The complexity of a problem of an environment is defined by the number of B base stations plus the number of U users. The following notation is necessary for developing a mathematical formulation for the BSP problem: b – the index for potential base station sites. u – the index for user locations. l – the index for base station loading. Abu – the attenuation (pathloss) between b andu. Pt1 – the transmission signal strength at a base station when one user is being served. Ptar – the signal strength received at the base station from one of its users under ideal conditions. Pmin – the minimum signal strength required to maintain adequate communications as received by a user. Pmax – the maximum transmission power output on a handset. Gp – the processing gain of the system. Lb – the loading level (number of users) at base station b. Fb – the cost of installing a base station at potential site b. The BSP problem is formulated using BIP, as in [5]. Assuming a base station can host up to L users, the decision variable Ybl determines whether a base station is to be deployed at a siteb with a loading of l users, andXbul determines whether a link is to be established from potentia l base station siteb to a user locationu. Thus, the decision variables areXbul = 1 (0) if a link is (is not) established between base station b and user locationu, and there are a total of l users communicating with this base station; and Ybl= 1 (0) if a base station is (is not) deployed at potential site b with a loading ofl users. The objective function, to be minimized, evaluates the total cost of a solution and it is given by Equation (1): Z = B ∑ b=1 L ∑ l=1 FbYbl (1) Accordingly, a feasible solution must satisfy the followin g constraints: 1) The signal received by each user is required to be QF times stronger than the sum of the interference on the forward link. Thus, for each mobile receiver location u: B ∑ b=1 L ∑ l=1 GpPt1AbuXbul ≥ QF×


Privacy issues form part of wider social and political dilemmas about the role of public and private institutions and the use of various technologies. Privacy concerns have proved to be particularly strong in the online environment and surveys indicate that privacy is the highest-ranking issue affecting whether or not people are willing to use the Internet and for what purposes.


More than fifty lines with segregated characteristics were obtained by crossing Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.and Glycine max(L.) Merr.to utilize and protect the Glycine soja.After selection over nearly three decades,24 lines with mostly stable phenotypic traits were selected for this study.The leaf shape,flower color,growth habit,pod bearing habit,mature pod color,seed shape,seed coat color and hilum color were observed and described,with the male parent Glycine soja as control.These traits showed abundant variation among all lines.Branch number,plant height,main stem diameter,yield per plant and 100-seed weight were then measured,and the coefficient of variation was as follows:100-seed weightyield per plantplant heightbranch numbermain stem diameter.All lines were divided into four groups using McQuitty's Cluster analysis combined with the utilization characteristics.Among them,six lines were to be used as seeds,seven lines as grazing plants and two lines as both seeds and grazing plants.


Adolescent language in Russia seems to be widespread and rich. One characteristic is its plethora of anglicisms, but with some differences from the use of Italian teenagers. However, one similarity consists in the use of rhetorical figures. This research deals with several aspects of this specific micro-language.