TE/TM polarization bistability in a λ=1.3 μm ridge‐waveguide InGaAsP/InP bulk laser is studied by near‐field scanning optical microscopy with an optical resolution of better than λ/8. The near‐field mode profiles of TE and TM emission show different lateral widths and distinctly different mode center positions. This lateral shift is related to a nonuniform strain distribution along the active layer. Based on this strain gradient, we present a model that accounts for the hysteresislike current dependence of the polarization resolved laser output.


We investigate novel, dual algorithms for dynamic programming and reinforcement learning, based on maintaining explicit representations of stationary distributions instead of value functions. In particular, we investigate the convergence properties of standard dynamic programming and reinforcement learning algorithms when they are converted to their natural dual form. Here we uncover advantages for the dual approach: dual update algorithms, since they are based on estimating normalized probability distributions rather than unbounded value functions, avoid divergence even in the presence of function approximation and off-policy updates. Moreover, dual update algorithms remain stable in situations where standard value function estimation diverges.


The long alkyl chains were bonded to spiropyranindoline molecular to improve compatibility between spiropyranindoline and transparent polymer (PMMA). The product of 1′ octadecyl 3′,3′ dimethyl 6 nitro 8 [docosanoyloxymethyl] spiro[2H 1 benzopyan 2,2′ indoline] (SP1822) were synthesized and the structure of SP1822 were characterized by NMR. The purity of SP1822 was determined by HPLC, it is over 97%. The transparent SP1822/PMMA LB film was prepared and the thickness of the film is around 500nm. Through the studies of response of the film to ultraviolet radiation, the relationships between ring opening of SP1822 molecular and UV absorption were obtained, the relationships between the J aggregate conformation and the ageing were fined.


We propose a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of dominance core and a necessary and sufficient condition for coincidence of the core and the dominance core to the setting of multi-choice games.


Tsunami is a series of huge sea waves that commonly occurs because of the oceanic plate movement or tectonic activity under the sea. As a sudden hazard, the tsunami has damaged many people over the years. Parangtritis village is one of high tsunami hazard risk area in Indonesia which needs an effective tsunami risk reduction. This study aims are modelling a tsunami susceptibility map, existing assembly points evaluation, and suggesting effective evacuation routes. The susceptibility map was created using ALOS PALSAR DEM and surface roughness coefficient. The method of tsunami modelling employed inundation model developed by Berryman (2006). The results are used to determine new assembly points based on the Sentinel 2A imagery and to determine the most effective evacuation route by using network analyst. This model can be used to create detailed scale of evacuation route, but unrepresentative for assembly point that far from road network.


The challenge Lifelong Object Recognition, requires exploring how knowledge acquired on previous tasks can be leveraged when learning future tasks, while also memorizing the past tasks, efficiently. This capability is explored under a difficulty-incremental scenario, where model is required to perform continual learning under different environmental conditions such as illumination, occlusion, clutter, resolution and camera pose. We show that by using a combination of regularization based lifelong learning and data augmentation, model learning can be made generalized under varying environmental conditions.


The authors investigate the convergence and pruning performance of multilayer feedforward neural networks with different types of neuronal activation functions in solving various problems. Three types of activation functions are adopted in the network, namely, the traditional sigmoid function, the sinusoidal function and a periodic function that can be considered as a combination of the first two functions. To speed up the learning, as well as to reduce the network size, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm conjunct with a pruning method is used to train the network. The corresponding networks are applied to solve five typical problems, namely, 4-point XOR logic function, parity generation, handwritten digit recognition, piecewise linear function approximation and sunspot series prediction. Simulation results show that periodic activation functions perform better than monotonic ones in solving multicluster classification problems. Moreover, the combined periodic activation function is found to possess the fast convergence and multicluster classification capabilities of the sinusoidal activation function while keeping the robustness property of the sigmoid function required in the modelling of unknown systems.


Modular Multilevel Converter The features, such as control and flexibility of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) have made it as a strong choice for the conventional Voltage Source Converters (VSCs). The significance of losses estimation during the design process forces researchers to propose the methods of losses estimation which give accurate results. In this paper an analytical technique has been proposed to evaluate the power losses in half bridge sub module topology. To validate the calculation, a case is considered with certain parameters to develop a MATLAB code to analyze the derived equations. At the end investigation is done on the results.


Given an n×n orthogonal matrix Q, there exists a diagonal matrix D with each diagonal entry chosen from {−1, 1}, such that QD + I is non-singular and such that if S = (QD − I)(QD + I)−1, then the skew matrix S has every element in the interval [−1, 1]. We prove that such a D exists and show that it can be computed efficiently and reliably. ∗Dept. Mathematics & Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com


This paper defines the problems associated with Information storage, and transfer, in the creation of applications within the computer-aided engineering sphere. The PDES/STEP information modelling environment is proposed as a possible means to solve the lack of consistent product information that abounds in this area. The paper also supports the creation of a manufacturing model using the EXPRESS language that will allow manufacturing decisions to be based on current resource availability. This support is shown by the development of a simple manufacturing model to define a machine resource. The need for, and types of, other resources within this model are also explained. The application under investigation is computer-aided process planning. A description of the possible environment of a CAPP application is provided, along with the inclusion of form features as a means of simplifying the planning process. The paper also proposes to use the information structures so created in the development of a generic query language, utilizing C++, an X-window-based toolkit, and the use of EXPRESS-G type structures, that will allow non-stop PDES/STEP users to access and query data files, and so create computer- integrated manufacturing applications more easily than currently possible.


Play Van Abbe 4: The Pilgrim, the Tourist, the Flâneur (and the Worker) (2011), the final installment of the experimental, Play Van Abbe program at the Van Abbemuseum – invited viewers to play one of four 'roles', each of which entailed a different mode of engagement. The pilgrim sought divine inspiration, the tourist an encounter with something unusual. The flâneur strolled along in passive observance while the worker, not merely a consumer of experience, produced in return. To engender these perspectives role-specific 'tools' for art mediation were extended to the exhibition's visitors. While not explicitly fetishized on pedestals or in vitrines, mediation was the overriding object and subject of Play Van Abbe 4. Works such as Richard Long's Wood Circle (1977), James Lee Byars' Hear TH FI TO IN PH Around this Chair (1978), and Oliver Ressler's What is Democracy? (2009), functioned merely as a backdrop. Each of the artworks included could have been exchanged with any other. In such a situation it is imperative to ask: in the midst of so much discursive and immersive mediation is there any space left in the museum for art?


Here I present some previously unpublished Basque texts representative of the Zugarramurdi variety of the dialect of Northern High Navarre. They date from the 19th century and are of documentary interest to those involved in Dialectology and Linguistics. I add some biographical details on the author, Anastasio Echeverri, some of whose other manuscripts are preserved in the Lesaca variety.


The functional capacity for sperm interaction with the human zona pellucida and zona-free hamster oocyte was tested after human spermatozoa were capacitated by passage through a column of human cervical mucus. The results were compared with those obtained when spermatozoa from an aliquot of the same semen sample were capacitated by the standard laboratory methods involving sequential washing by dilution and centrifugation of the semen. Washed-capacitated sperm suspensions were more successful than mucus-capacitated sperm in attaching to the zona-free hamster oocyte and in fusing with its oolemma. However, the ability of mucus-capacitated sperm to penetrate the human zona pellucida was equal to washed capacitated sperm. These experiments demonstrate an approach that may be useful in comparative studies of human sperm capacitation in vivo and in vitro.


[This abstract is based on the author's abstract.] A basic principle of quality improvement is the need to measure process performance characteristics. It is necessary to have appropriate measures of process performance in order to monitor and contr..


The aim of the present study is to determine gifted students' purpose in life via interview in Turkey. Looking at the world population, it is seen that the proportion of gifted children is 2.5-3%. This rate does not change according to the countries of the world. Detection of gifted students is difficult and specific. Gifted students are placed in minority groups in the countries they are in. The present study conducted semi-structured interviews with 5 female and 5 male students between the ages of 13-16. The interview questions were created based on the "Youth Purpose Project Interview". The students were also given an additional, short information form that comprised of age and gender. Phenomenological design was used as a qualitative research method. The results of this study revealed that gifted students have goals of career-family and economic power listed under the title of future expectations. It also revealed that they attach importance to societal good and being beneficial to the society in terms of a long-term purpose. Additionally, it was revealed that purpose is directly linked with happiness. Implications of these results are discussed in light of the literature and suggestions are presented.


THE FIRST PAPER in this series [1] established the basic theoretical framework for a system in which a stirred liquid explosive, conforming to the requirements and principles of the Semenov thermal explosion theory [2], was supported in such a way that half of its surface area experienced ambient temperature To and the other half ambient temperature T., where To > T.. The model was applied to the liquid explosive DINA and, in a follow-up paper, times to explosion were determined numerically for marginally supercritical conditions. Being composed of a liquid compound the charge of explosive will have, unlike a gaseous substrate, a significant thermal mass, and truly rigorous consideration of times to explosion requires that the initial condition:


The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) will have a significant impact on employers and providers of public accomodations. ADA prohibits the discrimination of persons with physical or mental disabilities with regard to employment and public accomodations. Current state and federal anti-discrimination laws are similar but not as specific. The article explains terms and ideas relevant to the act, such as employer, disabled individual, qualifications necessary to be considered disabled, defenses available to employers, discrimination, medical conditions and examinations, public accommodations and discrimination of public accommodations, and construction provisions which affect both new and existing buildings.


The way in which a cationic polysoap, prepared by quaternizing the nitrogen of poly-2-vinylpyridine with n-dodecyl bromide, interacts with additives, such as a cationic monosoap (n-dodecyl-α-picolinium bromide), a non-ionic surfactant (polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether) and potassium bromide, has been studied in aqueous solutions in terms of the viscosity and solubilizing power for oil-soluble dyes of the mixed solutions of the polysoap and the additives. An experiment on the effects of these additives on the behavior of a polyelectrolyte (poly-2-vinyl-N-ethylpyridinium bromide), prepared from the same parent polymer as the polysoap, has also been included for the purpose of comparison. The hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains in the polysoap and additive molecules play an important role in the interaction of the polysoap with the additives. Co-micellization or mixed micellization occurs between the polysoap and the monosoap or the non-ionic surfactant in aqueous solutions.


To navigate the complex ecosystem of societal challenges, the International Conference on Knowledge Management Conference (ICKM 2017) focused on big data and data analytics as part of the relationship to the wider concept of knowledge management processes and practices. This book includes top papers presenting the major, and diverse, topics discussed at the conference. The papers covered various aspects of big data ranging from enhancing access to the big data to facilitating its wide applications in healthcare, social media, library and information centers, governments, and corporations.


In this paper, an advanced anti-collision algorithm in RFID-sensor network based on inter-tag communication mechanism is proposed to improve the performance of the system. By employing the "Tag Communication Slot" (TCS) and designing the relevant hardware, the tags can communicate with each other, transmit useful data to fewer tags and reduce the number of tags participating in the identification process. In this way, we can efficiently reduce the collision rate with the increase of tag number and improve the tag starvation problem in Dynamic Framed-Slotted ALOHA algorithm (DFSA). The simulation results show that the TCS algorithm can greatly improve the system stability and identification efficiency especially in the case of large tag number.


Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder prevailing among females at reproductive age. Circular non-coding RNAs (circRNAs) are essential "player" in PCOS. This study aimed to investigate the potentials of newly found circRNA, circ_ACTL6A in PCOS. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was utilized to establish PCOS model in vivo. qRT-PCR and western blot were applied to determine the gene expression level. DNA methylation was determined by bisulfite sequencing assay. RNA pull-down, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was applied to verify gene interactions. CCK-8, colony formation and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay were applied to determine cellular function of human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) cells. The results showed that circ_ACTL6A was upregulated in PCOS, which was due to the upregulation of RNA splicing factor eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3) and its cognate protein actin like 6A (ACTL6A). Downregulation of circ_ACTL6A suppressed the cell viability, colony formation and proliferation of KGN cells in vitro. Moreover, knockdown of circ_ACTL6A suppressed the progression of PCOS, manifested by the improvement in insulin sensitivity, ovarian function and fertility. Furthermore, circ_ACTL6A recruited tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) to suppress DNA methylation of ACTL6A. Overexpression of ACTL6A promoted the development of PCOS in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, circ_ACTL6A/ACTL6A may form a positive feedback in the progression of PCOS. This may be a potential therapeutic target for PCOS.


The sovereignty concept is facing a challenge. In the postmodern world order European member states share a common security strategy and human security has become the guiding principle for European security thinking. The aim of this thesis is to develop conceptualizations of the sovereignty concept that incorporates elements of both state sovereignty and human security. In addition my aim is to analyze how state sovereignty is conceptualized and expressed in the European Security Strategy (ESS). Based on traditional sovereignty theories and critical human security studies I have developed three postmodern definitions of sovereignty: statehood sovereignty, responsibility sovereignty and privilege sovereignty. These sovereignty conceptualizations were used as my ideal types when conducting a text analysis of the ESS. My analysis demonstrates that all three sovereignty conceptualizations are expressed in the ESS. My analysis demonstrates a conditional relationship between responsibility sovereignty and privilege sovereignty. Last, I identified that there are differences in how state sovereignty is conceptualized and expressed for EU member states and for states outside of Europe.


"A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature, Fifth Edition" offers readers and students a variety of ways of looking at a piece of literature. It is appropriate for courses in Literary Criticism or Theory, as well as in freshman/sophomore level. Offering an introduction to Literature courses, this text serves as a comprehensive guide to the major critical approaches to literature. Using classic works such as "To His Coy Mistress", "Hamlet", "Huckleberry Finn", "Young Goodman Brown," "Everyday Use," and (new to this edition) "Frankenstein" as tools to introduce students to various critical theories, this book demonstrates how different approaches to an array of readings enrich the total response to and understanding of the individual work.


With the rising global ocean temperatures, the habitats of Marine organisms change, which affecting human production practices at the same time. First of all, in order to explore the relationship between global ocean temperature and time, we collected sea surface temperature (SST) data in the north Atlantic region. We establish the BP neural network prediction model based on EMD. The prediction model firstly used EMD to stabilize the water temperature time series, and obtained a group of stable components IMF and a surplus. Then the BP neural network is used to predict each component, and the predicted value is added as the predicted value of the original sequence. To get a forecast for the sea surface temperature of Scotland over the next 50 years. Visualize the past and predicted the data and match the range of suitable temperatures for herring and mackerel to the sea surface temperatures near Scotland. Matching area represents the fish habitat. Observing the movement of the matching area each year, the fish's habitat migration process can be predicted. The second problem is to choose the suitable operating strategy for fishing company. Because the migration of fish is sensitive to the changes in temperature, there will be a risk of secondary transfer if choosing transfer assert. Thus, we suggest to use small fishing vessels.


Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased ostial pulmonary vein (PV) diameter and commonly with hypertension. We sought to investigate ostial PV anatomy in patients with and without AF with the goal of characterizing the relationship to hypertension and cardiovascular disease.


AbstrcatData warehouse is one kind of new datum administrative skill, will gather and clear up the scattered primitive operation type data and data come from the external in enterprises, offer the intact, prompt, accurate and obvious decision information for enterprise. The upgrading which made use of data warehouse technology to realize enterprise's information system has already become the tendency of the day. The key question of structuring the data warehouse system is how to set up complicated enterprise data model. The essence of the commercial data is multidimensional and the traditional ER model has been already unable to meet the demands, so the effective deficiency of remedying the traditional data model is in terms of linking degree, level modeling of modeling technology of the multidimensional data. The article has regarded modeling technology of the multidimensional data as the centre and discussed the general setting-up method of the data model in the data warehouse through the instance, moreover, have offered a kind of practical possible scheme for solving and structuring enterprise's information system.


SUMMARY THE attempt to reinterpret the common tests of significance used in scientific research as though they constituted some kind of acceptance procedure and led to "decisions" in Wald's sense, originated in several misapprehensions and has led, apparently, to several more. The three phrases examined here, with a view to elucidating the fallacies they embody, are: (i) "Repeated sampling from the same population", (ii) Errors of the "second kind", (iii) "Inductive behaviour". Mathematicians without personal contact with the Natural Sciences have often been misled by such phrases. The errors to which they lead are not always only numerical.


Green trade barrier is one of the important trade protective measures which the developed countries use to restrain the products of developing countries from entering their domestic markets in recent years.This article summarizes the origin, characteristics and varieties of green trade barrier, analyzes the green impact on our foreign export and put forward the countermeasures that our country should take.


The relationship of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of Hyriopsis cummingii with body size and temperature in standard metabolism was studied under controlled laboratory condition in this paper. The results indicate that size of individual, water temperature and both together have significant effects on OCR (P0.01). Among these effects, effect of body sizethat of temperaturethe mixed effect. OCR decreases as the increase of body size and there is a negative exponential regressive function OR=aW~(-b),b value of 0.7715-0.9709, With a mean value of (0.875). The experiment indicates OCR rises with the rise of temperature in a temperature range; nevertheless, OCR decreases and even the respiration of Hyriopsis cummingii ceases when exceeding the upper critical point.


As the developing of the information technology,site-bus is widely used in marine comprehensive alarming system,which is mainly used in monitoring equipments to guarantee safety of the ship in its sailing.This paper introduces the functions,equipments' composition,the working principle and the technical characters for the system.


CHAPTER 1. BROWNIAN MOTION Definition and Construction Markov Property, Blumenthal's 0-1 Law Stopping Times, Strong Markov Property First Formulas CHAPTER 2. STOCHASTIC INTEGRATION Integrands: Predictable Processes Integrators: Continuous Local Martingales Variance and Covariance Processes Integration w.r.t. Bounded Martingales The Kunita-Watanabe Inequality Integration w.r.t. Local Martingales Change of Variables, Ito's Formula Integration w.r.t. Semimartingales Associative Law Functions of Several Semimartingales Chapter Summary Meyer-Tanaka Formula, Local Time Girsanov's Formula CHAPTER 3. BROWNIAN MOTION, II Recurrence and Transience Occupation Times Exit Times Change of Time, Levy's Theorem Burkholder Davis Gundy Inequalities Martingales Adapted to Brownian Filtrations CHAPTER 4. PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS A. Parabolic Equations The Heat Equation The Inhomogeneous Equation The Feynman-Kac Formula B. Elliptic Equations The Dirichlet Problem Poisson's Equation The Schrodinger Equation C. Applications to Brownian Motion Exit Distributions for the Ball Occupation Times for the Ball Laplace Transforms, Arcsine Law CHAPTER 5. STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Examples Ito's Approach Extension Weak Solutions Change of Measure Change of Time CHAPTER 6. ONE DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSIONS Construction Feller's Test Recurrence and Transience Green's Functions Boundary Behavior Applications to Higher Dimensions CHAPTER 7. DIFFUSIONS AS MARKOV PROCESSES Semigroups and Generators Examples Transition Probabilities Harris Chains Convergence Theorems CHAPTER 8. WEAK CONVERGENCE In Metric Spaces Prokhorov's Theorems The Space C Skorohod's Existence Theorem for SDE Donsker's Theorem The Space D Convergence to Diffusions Examples Solutions to Exercises References Index


The methods of preparation of heterogeneous catalysts by immobilization of carbonyl clusters of transition metals on oxide supports, as well as the study of the state of supported compounds and their catalytic properties in CO hydrogenation and olefin hydroformulation are briefly reviewed.


Teaching mode reform is a long-term and complex systematic project,which plays a decisive role in the construction of the Open University.Dalian Radio TV University has always focused on the construction of lifelong education system and learning society,exploring credit modular teaching mode and optional modular teaching mode.Based on the basic educational theory,the creation and development of teaching mode,and teaching model reform in Dalian Radio TV University,the article discusses the connotation and meaning of teaching mode and the experience from the reform exploration during the construction of the Open University.It describes the teaching mode structure and key construction under the framework of National Open University,pointing out that teaching mode must meet the requirements of students' ability and their need and teaching core elements such as teaching resources,teaching process,and examination and evaluation must be well controlled in order to achieve effective teaching goals and meet the need of personal and social development.


This paper proposes using cooperative communication based on optoelectronic (O-E-O) amplify-and-forward relay terminals to reduce the influence of the blockage and shadowing resulting from human movement in a beam steering Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) system. The simulation results indicate that on average, the outage probability of the cooperative communication mode with O-E-O relay terminals is two orders of magnitude lower than the outage probability of the system without relay terminals.


The electrochemical proton gradient, , generated upon illumination of membrane vesicles and chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. has been determined. The components, the transmembrane pH gradient, ΔpH, and the membrane potential, ΔΨ, were measured with several methods. The ΔpH, determined from the pH changes in the membrane suspensions, is in good agreement with the ΔpH obtained from the distribution of acetate or methylamine. The ΔpH values obtained from the fluorescence quenching of 9-aminoacridine in chromatophores are more than two-fold larger. The ΔΨ was determined from the distribution of the permeant ions triphenylmethylphosphonium and thiocyanate. The ΔΨ values in chromatophores obtained from the absorbance changes of carotenoids were several-fold larger.

Illumination of membrane vesicles results in a ΔpH, inside alkaline and a ΔΨ inside negative. The ΔpH, determined from the distribution of acetate, depends on the composition of the medium and is optimally 0.6 at an external pH 7; the ΔΨ, measured from the distribution of triphenyl-methylphosphonium, is about 70 mV. The in membrane vesicles is thus at the most 110 mV.

Illumination of chromatophores results in a ΔpH, inside acid, and a ΔΨ inside positive. The ΔpH, calculated from the distribution of methylamine, depends on the external pH and increases from 0.98 at pH 6 to 1.36 at pH 8. The ΔΨ is not affected and remains about 50 mV. The in chromatophores is thus at the most 140 mV.

The ΔpH and ΔΨ are in both membrane preparations strongly dependent on the composition of the medium. So is for instance the ΔΨ decreased by the presence of chloride ions and the ΔpH increased. Phosphate ions decrease the ΔpH in membrane vesicles. The ΔpH is generated at a lower rate than the ΔΨ; once the has reached a maximum the ΔpH continues to increase at the expense of the ΔΨ.


The pro-European Serbian Progressive Party secured a clear victory in Serbia's elections on 16 March. Denisa Kostovicova writes that while Serbia now has a pro-European parliament, the country's path to EU accession is more complex than it appears. The new government will have a notably pragmatic approach to Europe, but the issue of Kosovo is still likely to present a challenge in negotiations.


Abstrcat There are many difficulties in China in implementing options in stock market. The reasons for these problems lie in corporation administration structure and structural deficiencies in the changing stage, China's specific social and economic conditions, as well as the historical and cultural traditions. There is still a long way to go for China to implement option on shares.


A "green" highly selective oxidation of organic sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides was developed using hydrogen peroxide and glacial acetic acid under transition metal-free and mild conditions. The oxidation procedure is very simple and the products are easily isolated in excellent yields (90-99%).


In his appraisal of Lynching in the New South, published by W. Fitzhugh Brundage in 1993, the distinguished historian Numan V. Bartley provided an assessment that many still affirm: "this is the best work ever written on lynching."1 Bold and engaging, Lynching restored this type of mob violence to its rightful place at the center of the history of white supremacy in the United States after decades of minimization by scholars. Even more ambitiously, it proposed to use violence as a prism through which to examine the New South broadly; to explore race, class, gender, and sexual history; and to illuminate urbanization, industrialization, and the criminal justice system. If, as Brundage noted, "the scholarship on lynching [had] only recently moved beyond its infancy," his monograph played perhaps the single most important role in advancing the field to a new maturity.2 Brundage demolished the widespread assumption that there was some monolithic racism that prevailed for half a century across a vast and undifferentiated Dixie. "Much existing literature on the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries dwells upon the static character of white oppression of blacks," he wrote. "Apparently, the boundaries of racial behavior, once molded in the 1880s and hardened in the 1890s, varied little until the 1940s." Dismissing as simplistic this perspective, Brundage demonstrated that racism varied substantially over time and space, reconfiguring itself in response to a multitude of variables.3 To prove his argument, he analyzed lynching in Virginia and Georgia— representatives of the Upper and Deep South respectively—from 1880 to 1930, comparing and contrasting the levels of violence within each state and between them. Along with George C. Wright, whose highly acclaimed Racial Violence in Kentucky was published in 1990, Brundage pioneered the geographically bounded state (and sometimes region) study that has become a defining feature in the field, as exemplified by studies on Arkansas, California, Mississippi, South Carolina, the Midwest, the Missouri Ozarks, and the U.S. Southwest.4 Through his use of maps, Brundage demonstrated that lynchings occurred often in particular areas of the states selected for his study and occurred rarely in others. "Nowhere in Virginia was the incidence of mob violence more concentrated, both in place and time, than in the southwestern corner of the state. The twenty-eight lynchings that occurred there, ... reflected the desperation of whites to define the status of blacks in a regionwhere blacks were still uncommon and furious social


Executive Overview The globalization of the workplace has become a fact of life for a substantial segment of U.S. companies, bringing a dramatic expansion of the scope of workforce management and a whole host of new organizational challenges. Using data collected from interviews with international human resource managers in eight large companies, this paper identifies three practical challenges to managing the global workforce and four strategies for meeting those challenges. The three challenges are: deployment. knowledge and innovation dissemination, and talent identification and development. The four strategies are: aspatial careers, awareness-building assignments, SWAT teams, and virtual solutions. A diagnostic framework for each challenge is provided that indicates when to use which strategy and basic implementation points are presented.


Objective:TO explore the display of DESS magnetic resonance sequence in FLLDH(far lateral lumbar disc herniation) and its value in the clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:Retrospective analysis of 9 cases of far lateral lumbar disc herniation in patients with lumbar MRI conventional sequence and DESS(double-echo steady-state precession) sequence of images,evaluate the application value of DESS sequence in clinical diagnosis and treatment of far lateral lumbar disc herniation.Results:The lumbar MRI sagittal insensitive to the diagnosis of extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation resulted in misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in 9 cases of far lateral lumbar disc herniation;DESS sequence in the 9 patients images clearly show L4~5 lumbar intervertebral disc herniation in 5 patients,and L5S1 lumbar protrusion in the other 4 cases;herniation on the left side in 7 patients,herniation on the left side in 2 cases.Conclusion:The herniated lumbosacral nerve root entrapment can be clearly showed by DESS magnetic resonance scan image sequence in the far lateral lumbar disc herniation,it can improved accuracy for the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation and play a great help for clinical physician in the intraoperative localization.


A disposable protective apparel garment having an angled elastomeric panel present on the back side of the garment is described. The garment, such as protective coveralls, includes an elastomeric panel in a V-shaped configuration that extends from the lower back upwardly toward the underarms and along the sleeves. Such an elastomeric panel allows the wearer a greater degree of movement when wearing such a garment.


Static and oscillatory wind tunnel data are presented for a 10-percent-scale model of an F-16XL aircraft. Static data include the effect of angle of attack, sideslip angle, and control surface deflections on aerodynamic coefficients. Dynamic data from small-amplitude oscillatory tests are presented at nominal values of angle of attack between 20 and 60 degrees. Model oscillations were performed at five frequencies from 0.6 to 2.9 Hz and one amplitude of 5 degrees. A simple harmonic analysis of the oscillatory data provided Fourier coefficients associated with the in-phase and out-of-phase components of the aerodynamic coefficients. A strong dependence of the oscillatory data on frequency led to the development of models with unsteady terms in the form of indicial functions. Two models expressing the variation of the in-phase and out-of-phase components with angle of attack and frequency were proposed and their parameters estimated from measured data.


Hantaviruses belong to the Bunyaviridae family as a separate genus. It is currently known that there are over 20 serogenotypes/ seroserotypes and that a number of new types are under investigation. The types of Hantaviruses which infect rodents tend to be specific to specific hosts and are primarily found in specific rodent species. As a result of the various types of Hantaviruses and their target organs, Hantaviruses can cause a variety of diseases. There are two major diseases in the world: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hemorrhagic fever with the syndrome (HPS). A new strain of Hantavirus has been observed in progressively increasing numbers within the world as a result of an accelerating increase in Hantavirus cases throughout the world, which represents an issue of public health of great concern across the globe. Hantavirus disease is a relatively new disease, however, its spectrum continues to expand as the number of recognized virus types continues to rise. It has been reported that Hantavirus causes human disease in the British Isles, but at this point, the disease is largely unknown. Hanta viral infection may be underestimated, especially in developing countries, due to its mild asymptomatic nature and lack of standardized laboratory diagnosis in hospitals. There are no simple standardized laboratory diagnoses in hospitals due to its asymptomatic and non-specific nature. Presented is an overview of what is currently known about hantaviruses and hantavirus infections, including their properties, classification, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, and prevention.


1. Vassiliu P, Baker J, Henderson S, Alo K, Velmahos G, Demetriades D. Aerodigestive injuries of the neck. Am Surg 2001;67:75‐9. 2. Mohammed S, Biyani G, Bhatia PK, Chauhan DS. Airway management in a patient with blunt trauma neck: A concern for anesthesiologist. Egypt J Anaesth 2014;30:431‐3. 3. Prokakis C, Koletsis EN, Dedeilias P, Fligou F, Filos K, Dougenis D. Airway trauma: A review on epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, diagnosis and treatment. J Cardiothorac Surg 2014;9:117. 4. Gussack GS, Jurkovich GJ. Treatment dilemmas in laryngotracheal trauma. J Trauma 1988;28:1439‐44. 5. American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Advanced trauma life support for doctors. Student course manual. Initial assessment and management. 9th ed. Chicago: American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma; 2012. p. 2‐22.


The vestibulo-ocular system is examined from the standpoint of system theory. The evolution of a mathematical model of the vestibulo-ocular system in an attempt to match more and more experimental data is followed step by step. The final model explains many characteristics of the eye movement in vestibularly induced nystagmus. The analysis of the dynamic behavior of the model at the different stages of its development is illustrated in time domain, mainly in a qualitative way.


Skin is the constant target of active forms of oxygen generated by UV radiation exposure. It needs to reinforce anti-oxidant defense mechanisms to protect itself against cell damage. Thioredoxin is a protein found extensively in animals, plants and marine bacteria. It protects cells against the cytotoxicity produced by free radicals. An increase in thioredoxin production could be thus an interesting way to improve skin cell protection. We studied thioredoxin expression in human skin cells by minichips, and the results were confirmed by RT-PCR. Protein expression was quantified by Western blot. Thioredoxin mRNA is expressed by human dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes. The thioredoxin protein was detected in both types of human skin cells and visualized in human reconstituted epidermis. Some stress-resistant micro-algae also express protective proteins. We tested the effect of two micro-algal extracts on the level of thioredoxin expression in human skin cells and on the protection against free radicals by measuring the inhibition of superoxide anion, on the protection against polluting agents by measuring cellular vitality and on the protection of Langerhans cells against UV exposure. By stimulating the thioredoxin level, the micro-algal extracts protect skin cells against several types of free radical generating systems.


IT'S RARE FOR A SCIENTIST to develop a new theory and then 50 years later have the opportunity to step back and view its impact—let alone make two such outstanding discoveries. But that's the story of chemistry professor Rudolph A. Marcus of California Institute of Technology, who was instrumental in developing electrontransfer theory and the RRKM unimolecular reaction-rate theory. Marcus and his two theories were the center of attention last month at a four-day symposium sponsored by the Division of Physical Chemistry during the American Chemical Society national meeting in San Francisco. In 1956, Marcus published a pair of papers outlining the necessary thermodynamics and kinetics of electron-transfer reactions in chemical systems. The papers led to further research on electron transfer over the ensuing nine years, which allowed Marcus to generate a body of work that garnered him the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. It turns out that these electron-transfer ...


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to a method of producing succinic acid with using a Yarrowia lipolytica yeast strain, Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms No. Y-3314. Said yeast is modified in such a manner that they have lowered succinate dehydrogenase activity. The method involves a stage of yeast strain incubation in a nutrient medium containing glycerine, and recovery of succinic acid from a culture fluid. EFFECT: use of the Yarrowia lipolytica strain, Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms No Y-3314 has ensured substantially increased yield of succinic acid in this method. 2 cl, 2 dwg, 5 tbl, 5 ex


Effects of rare earth (RE) additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of the wrought AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that, by adding 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0% RE elements, the as-cast microstructure can be refined, and the as-cast alloys′ elongation and tensile strength can be improved. After extrusion, the alloy with 0.3% and 0.6% RE additions obtain a finer microstructure and the best mechanical properties, but the alloy with 1.0% RE addition has the coarse Al-RE compound particles in grain boundaries which decreased elongation and tensile properties. Usually, Rare earth (RE) elements were used to improve the creep properties of aluminium-containing magnesium pressure die cast alloys at elevated temperatures. In this paper, it is also found that the high temperature strength of extruded materials can be increased by RE elements additions.


ABSTRACT Purpose To compare laser flare photometry (LFP) measurements of aqueous flare with Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) and modified SUN grading. Methods In this prospective study with multicenter design, uveitis patients were classified according to SUN and modified SUN grading scales. LFP was performed with Kowa FM-700 flaremeter. Mean LFP values were compared with SUN and MSUN scores. Results The study included 475 LFP measurements, of which 216, 48, 150, 31, 28 and 2 had 0, 0.5+, 1+, 1.5+, 2+ and 3+ flare, respectively. LFP values were significantly different between each two consecutive steps for both clinical gradings (all P < .05). Cut-off values for modified SUN grading steps were defined as 5.7, 9.7, 15.7 and 43.2 for 0/0.5+, 0.5+/ 1+, 1+/1.5+ and 1.5/2+ borders of clinical flare, respectively. Conclusions LFP proves to be an objective measurement in analyzing aqueous flare comparable to both SUN and MSUN clinical grading systems.


Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the common complications of gynecologic cancer.It is closely related to the increased mortality of patients.The risk factors of VTE including the body state of patient,the specific type and stage of tumor and treatment such as surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,etc.However,statistics and guideline specifically for gynecologic cancer associated with venous thromboembolism still lack now.


The management of separate memory spaces of CPUs and GPUs brings an additional burden to the development of software for GPUs. To help with this, CUDA unified memory provides a single address space that can be accessed from both CPU and GPU. The automatic data transfer mechanism is based on page faults generated by the memory accesses. This mechanism has a performance cost, that can be with explicit memory prefetch requests. Various hints on the inteded usage of the memory regions can also be given to further improve the performance. The overall effect of unified memory compared to an explicit memory management can depend heavily on the application. In this paper we evaluate the performance impact of CUDA unified memory using the heterogeneous pixel reconstruction code from the CMS experiment as a realistic use case of a GPU-targeting HEP reconstruction software. We also compare the programming model using CUDA unified memory to the explicit management of separate CPU and GPU memory spaces.


In order to meet the needs of consumers for the fit of bra and solve the problems in the production process of mold cup, this paper proposed a forward grading design method based on the idea of personalized customization. This paper analyzes the feature points of the human body and the mold cup to find the relationship between the human body characteristics and the mold cup control parameters, and establishes a quantitative formula for the constraint relationship between the basic mold cup and the functional mold cup based on the human body, and passes UG OPEN GRIP programs the generation process of the inner surface of the mold cup in UG, and realizes the automatic generation of the functional mold cup by controlling the design parameters in the UG environment. And discuss the application of the parameterized design model of the inner surface of the personalized custom middle mold cup, including: the application for individuals with different human body data and the application of selecting different functional parameter values for the same human body data. This method provides a method reference for the digital design method of mold cups in the future.


The article is devoted to the influence of the Qur'an to the development of Islamic art of Western Siberia. The authors analyze the relevant Chapter of the Qur'an, and also give the characterization of the local manuscript sources as works of art. Special attention is paid to the exclusive exhibit the Qur'an from the funds of the Omsk Museum of education.


Recent theoretical work suggests that the presence of foreign direct investment (FDI) lowers a country's noncooperative Nash tariff. To test this hypothesis, we first adapt the theoretical model formulated by Blanchard (2010) to derive an intuitive, empirically testable equation. This equation is an augmentation of the standard formula equal to the inverse of export supply elasticity. Using constructed estimates of export supply elasticities and measures of FDI, we test this hypothesis with respect to tariffs set by China prior to 2001. We focus on China before its accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO) for two primary reasons: first, China is a recipient of FDI during this time; and second, prior to becoming a WTO member China can be seen as a player in a noncooperative game. We find evidence to suggest that before entering the WTO, China chooses lower tariffs, ceteris paribus, for industries that receive more FDI. This is an important result since having a better understanding of how countries act unilaterally will provide insight into the multilateral cooperative outcome; that is trade negotiations.


The present situation of physical education in rural schools does not allow optimism. P. E. teachers have inadequate educational background and usually hold low professional titles, the teaching content is mostly monotonous with poor facilities. P. E. classes are below the national standards, and after-school sports cannot be guaranteed. Efforts should be made to improve teacher quality, to enrich teaching content and to modernize facilities.


Submitted for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Polymer-Graphite Nanocomposites: Comparison to Clayand Carbon Nanotube-Based Hybrids KATSUYUKI WAKABAYASHI, KOSMAS KASIMATIS, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, JOHN M. TORKELSON, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University — Although polymerlayered silicate and polymer-carbon nanotube nanocomposites have been widely studied in the last decade, hybrids containing nanoscale entities of graphite have been studied far less. Its structural analogy to layered silicates and chemical analogy to carbon nanotubes make graphite an attractive nanofiller in both scientific study and technological application. A common challenge of efficient dispersion of the nanofiller in the polymer matrix associated with conventional fabrication methods is overcome by processing using the solid-state shear pulverization technique. The level of dispersion and presence of graphite nanosheets are confirmed by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, while enhanced mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the resulting materials are characterized using tensile testing, dynamic mechanical testing, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and impedance spectroscopy. Katsuyuki Wakabayashi Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University Date submitted: 20 Nov 2006 Electronic form version 1.4


: The increasing interest in the food industry in addressing the modern challenges and demands is driving the growth of the global food hydrocolloids market. The market was valued at around USD 9928.5 million in 2021 and is expected to reach a value of around USD 13,381.3 million by 2028. The continuous research and development of colloidal delivery systems are also expected to fuel the growth of the market.Understanding the various mechanisms involved in the production and application of biopolymer-based gel beads in the human food system is very important in order to successfully incorporate them into the product. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest developments in the field of biopolymer-based gel beads.This article presents the various techniques that are involved in the production of different types of gel beads. The properties of different protein and polysaccharide materials that can be utilized for the fabrication of these beads are also covered. The designing of gel beads is a complex process that requires considering various factors.


Scientific background of CFD code for calculation of flowfield around model in a wind tunnel (WT) is described. Special attention is paid on formulation of WT-type boundary condition on the walls. 3D structured grid for calculations is constructed by means of multiblock technology. Blocks are based on patches interactively created on a model surface. Code may be installed using multiprocessor Personal Computers. It is shown that preliminary calculation is an essential part of experimental methodology. It can be used at different steps of WT tests' preparation. Preliminary information obtained due to calculations gives an idea of experimental study, helps to adjust experimental gauges, permits to adjust WT parameters, provides better understanding experimental data. As example of technology implementation, CFD code is used for experimental study of mixer-ejector nozzle. CFD and PSP are accompanied with total and static pressure measurements, visualization, strain gauges and noise evaluations. All the data together permit to create the nozzle of better quality and estimate the level of noise around it. Main idea of proposed report is to demonstrate the benefit of joint efforts of CFD and experimental teams.


Provided are a gasket unit and a spherical joint unit that are very easy to assemble, with which strange noises can be prevented. A spherical joint unit (1), which is used in an exhaust system of an automobile, comprises an engine-side exhaust pipe (2a), a rear-muffler-side exhaust pipe (2b), a flange (3) and gasket (4) attached to the exhaust pipe (2a), a flange-equipped gasket seat (5) attached to the exhaust pipe (2b), and a spring-equipped bolt (6) and nut (7) for linking the exhaust pipes (2a, 2b). A rib (45) is formed along an axial O direction in an inner peripheral surface (44) of the gasket (4). On an outer peripheral surface (21a) of the exhaust pipe (2a) on which the gasket (4) is mounted, a groove (22a) accommodating the rib (45) is formed axially inward from an end part (20a) along the axial O direction.


The nature and structure of the concept of well-being, both in general psychological research and in relation to dementia, is reviewed. Well-being is important in understanding subjective emotional experience and life satisfaction, and central to the concept of 'quality of life'. The relation between the structure of well-being in dementia and in wider research is explored, bringing together work from the United States and Tom Kitwood's theory of dementia care. The principal hypothesis investigated relates to this body of work: specifically whether'well-being' in people-with-dementia can be understood as oneor more than one factor. Subsidiary hypotheses concerning well-being in dementia and other variables are also investigated. Seven point rating scales were used to measure indicators of well being used in 'Dementia Care Mapping'. A pilot study was used to develop a rater's manual, to test acceptability, and to obtain feed-back for improvements in method. A reliability study measured inter-rater reliability on fifteen indicators of well-being. Further data was gathered to produce data on ratings of indicators of well-being in 102 persons with dementia. Additional data on demographic characteristics and cognitive functioning were collected. Findings indicate that indicators of well-being in people-withdementia can be reliably measured using observation. The research findings support a two-factor model of well-being in dementia, comprising a factor of 'Social engagement/Pleasure', and a factor of 'Negative affect vs. Relaxed calm'. These factors are uncorrelated. Investigation of subsidiary hypotheses reveals evidence of a negative correlation between cognitive impairment and the 'Social engagement/Pleasure' factor, but no correlation between cognitive impairment and 'Negative Affect'. No gender differences in factor scores are found for well-being or ill-being, although gender differences for indicators of ill-being not included in the factor analysis are found. The theoretical, service, policy, and clinical implications for the above findings are discussed. Suggestions for future research are made.


Using self-resonant coils in a strongly coupled regime, we experimentally demonstrate efficient non-radiative power transfer over distances of up to eight times the radius of the coils. We use this system to transfer 60W with approximately 45% efficiency over distances in excess of two meters. We present a quantitative model describing the power transfer which matches the experimental results to within 5%, and perform a finite element analysis of the objects used. We finally discuss the robustness of the mechanism proposed and consider safety and interference concerns. Thesis Supervisor: Marin Soljaaid Title: Assistant Professor of Physics


This paper briefly tells of the RFID technology and its related standards, describes the features of data storage with RFID middleware as RFID system to enterprise-level application, and analyzes the RFID data storage in detail.At the same time, this paper proposes a design concept and realization of the application of RFID technology to the enterprise data integration, which is based on the XML technology.It also solves the problem of data storage and sharing between the RFID systems and enterprise applications.


The 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy found that 93 million Americans possessed no more than basic English literacy skills. Despite the pervasiveness of this problem, we do not see a comprehensive strategy from most states and the national government to address this issue. For example, the National institute for Literacy was recently disbanded as part of President Obama's 2010 budget due to its ineffectiveness. In this work we will apply the theories of agenda setting in public policy to assess why an issue that affects so many adults has been unable to make its way on to the policy agenda. Further, we analyze the possibility that the marginalized groups such as low income African-Americans and Latinos who are disproportionately affected by this problem lack the political influence to affect policy change. We conclude the paper by analyzing data from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy which demonstrates the spillover effects of adult illiteracy on the children and communities of adults who lack basic literacy skills.


[Objective] This paper is aimed at understanding present situation and gap of the minority nationalities students' growth and development in southwest China.[Methods] Based on the data in Report on the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students,a comparative study of height and growth of 7-18 year old students of minority nationalities in southwest China with Han nationality was made.[Results] ① The growth gradually entered rapid growth period from 9-10 years old for boys in southwest China minority nationalities.The growth peak was 12-13 year old for two groups.The growth and development of the southwest China minority nationalities boys was faster than that of the other group after 13-14 years old.② The growth gradually entered rapid growth period from 9-10 years old and the growth peak was 11-12 years old for girls in southwest China minority nationalities.The age of rapid growth period and growth peak in southwest China minority nationalities girls was one year older than that in the Han nationality girls.The growth and development of the southwest China minority nationalities girls was faster than that of the other group after 10-11 years old.[Conclusion] The age of rapid growth period in southwest China minority nationalities group is one year older than that in the Han nationality.The development of 7-18 years old students of minority nationalities in southwest China is slower than the HAN nationality students.


Feasibility of applied system analysis for the research of the enterprises from the standpoint of system-structural paradigm for solving the problem of ensuring their economic sustainability is proved in the article. This is due to the relevance and unsolving of the problem of providing enterprises' economic stability during a recession, on the one hand, and the lack and the need of methodological support for the formation of a new paradigm on the other hand. Critical analysis of the main provisions of system-structural paradigm allows assimilating the methodological principles of the new approach to the methodology of general systems theory, which was carried out in the article. As a result of the research procedures have been adapted for applied system analysis, and adjusted its typical sequence taking into account the lack of empirical data, creating rules for its application within the new system-structural paradigm. This allowed to carry out the identification of the enterprise as tetrad consisting of four types of subsystems that differing by the nature of space-time restrictions and the matrix structure of his inner circle, and to determine the mechanism of formation of economic stability. As a result, it was determined eight groups of parameters that are useful for econometric modeling, and made the selection of statistical indicators for their evaluation according to domestic machine-building enterprises. Results of the study can be used by economists, the scope of scientific interest of which includes issues of ensuring economic stability, and the followers of the new system-structural paradigm for the empirical study of its provisions.


The Field Lysimeter Investigations: Low-Level Waste Data Base Development Program is obtaining information on the performance of radioactive waste in a disposal environment. Waste forms fabricated using ion-exchange resins from EPICOR-II are being tested to develop a low-level waste data base and to obtain information on survivability of waste forms in a disposal environment. The program includes examining radionuclide releases from waste forms in the first seven years of sampling. Also, lysimeter data are applied to performance assessment source term models, and initial results from use of data in two models are being studied.


Data from earthquakes occurring in northern Alaska collected by the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, have been reprocessed using a seismic velocity model developed for the Dall City and Fort Yukon areas of north central Alaska. A study of the relocated events shows that microearthquakes occur in a zone roughly parallel to, but south of, the crest of the Brooks Range. The events also show that the Kobuk, central Kaltag, Porcupine, Dall, Rampart, northwest Tintina, and Eskimo Lakes faults in northern Alaska and northwest Canada are seismically active, with the Eskimo Lakes fault being most active. Eight new focal mechanisms were determined for northern Alaska which show strike-slip faulting south of the Brooks Range. This movement is consistent with the known movement on the associated faults. The orientation of the pressure axes derived from these and other fault plane solutions is consistent with Pacific-North American plate convergence. Large-scale shearing appears to extend northward from the Pacific-North America transform boundary into arctic Alaska and allows the interpretation that the Seward Peninsula extensional zone is a large-scale pull-apart feature.


The National Institutes of Health Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules have been revised again, and already a clamor has been raised to revise them further. The major change in the guidelines concerns the role NIH takes in supervising recombinant DNA research throughout the U.S. In particular, the change shifts much of that supervisory responsibility away from NIH to local biological safety committees at institutions where such research is being conducted. Central review by NIH is "unnecessary, inhibitory, expensive, and counterproductive," said NIH scientist Maxine Singer in proposing the current changes. "Confidence in the efficacy of the guidelines has been based primarily on compliance by individual investigators within their own laboratories/' The new changes streamline procedures by putting more responsibility on local committees, eliminating the need for scientists to submit plans of their experiments to NIH for evaluation. "Seven years have passed since the scientific commun...


BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY
Mitral valve replacement (MVR) with chordal preservation in patients with chronic mitral regurgitation (MR) has been reported to maintain systolic function of the left ventricle. However, the benefits of MVR with chordal preservation are not always predictable. The study aim was to ascertain the influence that papillary muscle (PM) size has on cardiac function after MVR with chordal preservation.

METHODS
Postoperative regional shortening and its relationship with PM size were investigated by two-dimensional echocardiography in 18 patients who underwent MVR with chordal preservation, and nine patients without chordal preservation between 1986 and 1998 at Tenri Hospital. The PM cross-sectional area was measured in each patient, as well as postoperative fractional shortening (FS) of the septolateral, anteroposterior and vertical dimensions of the left ventricle. The technique of preserving all chordae tendineae involved reattaching the anterior leaflet chordae to the mitral annulus near each commissure.

RESULTS
Postoperative FS of the septolateral and anteroposterior dimensions was better in patients with chordal preservation than in those without. In the former subgroup, a larger PM was associated with better FS of the left ventricle in the septolateral dimension (anterior PM, p <0.001, r = 0.78; posterior PM, p = 0.0010, r = 0.69), but not in the anteroposterior or vertical dimensions. This discrepancy in the relationship between PM size and functional benefits among the three dimensions may be related to the direction in which the PMs are suspended in our technique, or its effect on regional left ventricular function.

CONCLUSION
The present study indicated that PM size may be used as a factor to better predict the outcome of MVR with chordal preservation.


Objective To investigate the correlation between ureaplasma urealyticum infection and termination of embryonic development. Methods 120 early pregnancy women were divided into two groups,70 women (termination of embryonic development) in observation group and 50 women (artificial abortion) in control group. The Uu Ab was tested by immunogold staining method, meantime the condition of embryonic development was detected by B ultrasonography. Results The positive rate of Uu Ab was 48.6% in observation group and 22.0% in control group, there was a significant difference between two groups (P0.05). The positive rate of Uu Ab was positively related to the incidence of termination of embryonic development. Conclusion The examination of Uu Ab can be used as an index for the diagnosis of Uu infection. The termination of embryonic development is closely correlated with Uu infection.


Fleischhacker and Goodwin raise some important points about the roles of efficacy and effectiveness studies, in the context of reviewing recent large pragmatic trials. They initially suggest that, should the efficacy and effectiveness trials result in different conclusions, we have to trust the efficacy trials. They also note that findings from the efficacy trials, if positive, may be valid for a limited subset of patients (i.e., those who meet often restrictive entry criteria used in efficacy trials or those who are being treated under "research conditions" in which vigorous treatment is provided). Later in their conclusion, however, they are a bit more forgiving of effectiveness trials, saying they are as needed, and they even suggest requiring effectiveness trials before full market availability is allowed for the manufacturer. So which is it? Are effectiveness trials of use or not?

My view is in some but not complete agreement with theirs. I do not believe there are two types of trials (i.e., efficacy vs. effectiveness). Particular designs are formulated to answer specific questions. Different questions beget different designs. Different designs will give different answers as they should, since they are answering different questions.

The efficacy studies (Phase II - III) are designed with maximal internal validity to answer questions like: what is the efficacy, safety and tolerability of treatment "X" as compared to placebo (i.e., to isolate the clinical effects of the molecule or device alone on the patient (as expressed by side effects) and on the disease (as expressed as therapeutic or worsening effects).

Effectiveness trials entail a host of different designs, that address a range of different questions. Specifically, as noted by Fleischhacker and Goodwin, these trials enroll a wider range of patients, employ a wider range of "clinically relevant" outcomes, and provide treatment under "usual" vs. "research" conditions (which may or may not increase retention whilst risking underdosing). When an efficacy trial reveals efficacy, the magnitude of the effect may well be different in practice, depending on who is being treated (i.e., which patients) and how they are being treated. For depression, patients with anxious symptom features may do less well 1 than less anxious patients, even when equivalently treated. Indeed, as STAR*D showed, the time at which, in a sequence of interventions, a treatment is used will affect the chances of remission 2.

I am in substantial agreement with their conclusion: that both "types" of trials are useful. Each contributes to our understanding. No one design provides a unique path to the truth. Rather, the first question is: does the potential treatment actually work for not very complicated patients and at what cost or risk (e.g. adverse events) to patients? If the benefit outweighs the negative effects (as evaluated in efficacy trials), then where, how, and for whom is the treatment to be recommended? These latter questions are partially addressed by so called "effectiveness" trials. The designs may hold constant or allow variance in the nature and types of patients (e.g., comorbidities, concomitant medications, etc.), treatment procedures (e.g., visit frequency, dose to titration, etc.), where the treatment is used in a sequence of treatments (i.e., levels of treatment resistance), etc.

In addition, effectiveness trials can address other practical issues. In STAR*D, for example, patients could select among treatment strategies. Substantial numbers chose to augment, while others chose to switch treatments. The different switch and augmentation medication treatments did not differ in remission rates – a clear answer to the question about the comparative efficacy of "in class", "out of class" or "dual action" agents as second step switch treatments, for example. That far fewer patients chose to both switch and augment is not surprising. Patients with high side effects and poor efficacy from step 1 would logically want a switch. Those with some benefits and tolerable side effects from step 1 would logically not want to lose the benefit and therefore preferred augmentation. What was most interesting was the STAR*D finding that greater levels of resistance have a major effect on outcomes – both acutely and in follow up. Thus, when a treatment is used is as important as how and for which patients it is to be used. This finding should affect the subsequent designs in efficacy trials.

Efficacy studies can only evaluate efficacy under specific conditions. If effectiveness studies differ in outcomes, then logically, it is not the case that the treatment will never work. Rather, the treatment is likely to work only under select conditions defined by patient sub-groups, treatment methods, or at where in the sequence of treatments the treatment is used for example.

In conclusion, each type of trial (efficacy/effectiveness) provides essential contributions to how best to treat our patients.


A first light-emitting layer of a first organic electroluminescent element is disposed in common to a second organic electroluminescent element, a second light-emitting layer of the second organic electroluminescent element is disposed in contact with the first light-emitting layer and in the cathode side, and the first light-emitting layer contains a host material and an assist dopant material to transport holes to the second light-emitting layer.


The administrators of the Choseon dynasty who followed Jujaism tried to implement Chinyongrye(親迎禮) in accordance with Juja-Garye(朱子家禮) from the moment of the foundation of country. But this attempt which tried to change the form of traditional marriage ceremony could not work due to strong resistance. Also, even for the king's marriage ceremony, it started to be discussed its implementation at last in the Joonjong dynasty. In the early Choseon period, the King's wedding was performed in accordance with procedure of MyeongSa-Bong Yeong(命使奉迎) which made the queen be guided to the palace by the king's messenger for the ceremony. This followed a tradition of Shinla and Koryo dynasty. The issue whether accepts or rejects Chinyongrye created a heated controversy in the Joongjong dynasty, in fact this came from a difference of position between Confucian scholars who insisted on a restoration of antique ceremony and the cabinet members who emphasized keeping Kukjo-Oryeeui(國朝五禮儀). However, the biggest obstacle which blocked the implementation of Chinyongrye was the fact that the dignified King had to visit private house in order to receive the queen. It was Gaguan-Chinyeong(假館親迎) that they found out a meeting point between the pros and cons of the performance of King's Chinyongrye at this very moment. This Gaguan-Chinyeong was called Chinyong, however it was different from the meaning of the original Chinyong. Gaguan-Chinyeong was originally a form of Chinyongrye referred to the Juja-Garye by Juja. According to this, when it is difficult to perform a procedure of Chinyongrye because of a distance between bride's house and groom's, they lent a house(Gaguan), and from there groom receive bride in personal(Chinyong). Different from China which took a procedure of MyeongSa-BongYeong for the king's marriage since the Chunchu(春秋) Period, the king Joongjong of Choseon dynasty actively accepted Chinyeongrye. It was because they intended to take the leadership in the political situation as they voluntarily accepted the policy of the Confucian scholars who absolutely believed in Jujaism. Although it took the form of the transformed ceremony, the adoption of Chinyeongrye can be considered as foundation of Chonha-dongryeron(天下同禮論).


A stock-fishey system model is set up and its dynamical properties are studied. The stock grows according to a logistic type model with a minimum limit on the stock size which can be sustained. The fishery is regulated through the catch quota, which is increased or decreased depending upon the present level of the stock size relative to the target level and its rate of change. A time lag between the observation and the enforcement of the regulation is incorporatd into the model. Simultaneous finite difference equations are derived and a stability analysis around the equilibrium point nd some simulations are conducted. The following is suggested: (1) the stability is high when the target level is larger than the MSY level, (2) incorporating a time lag until the enforcement of regulations occurs reduces the stability considerably, (3) for regulating the quota, more weight should be placed on the rate of change than on the present level of the stock size, and (4) a locally unstable equilibrium point may have a limit cycle around it. The only essential information on the stock needed to run this management system is the relative stock size, and hence if we have a reliable index of the rlative stock size, we would be able to manage the stock and to approach the target point.


High-energy pulsed and scanned CO2 lasers have recently been used extensively in the treatment of facial rhytides caused by photoaging and acne scarring. The effectiveness of these lasers in the treatment of scars has received less attention. In this study, two CO2 laser resurfacing devices were used to treat post-surgical, traumatic, …


FIGURE 2: Dermatoglyphics of the patient. is also a racial characteristic In many Asiatic people. (iv) The fold is seen ~ry frequently in some congenital syndromes such as Down's syndrome. the crl-du-chat syndrome, and others. The condition is usually accompanied by fiattening of the bridge of the nose, and sometimes by the appearance of mild hypertelorlsm. This change in the shape of the skull and nasal bones is thought by most observers to be the pI:imary defect, and it leads to the presence of excess skin between the eyes with resulting folds at the side of the bridge of the nose. This is supported by the fact that the folds may usually be made to disappear temporarily by pinching up the skin over the bridge of the nose, and by the fact that epicanthic folds often disappear In later childhood with the forward growth of the nasal bridge.


The move away from national, televised events and the summitry of Kennedys and King has been one of the strongest currents in the recent historiography of the civil rights movement. This "bottom-up" perspective draws support from veterans of the freedom struggle, notably those associated with the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). They were always unhappy with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference's (SCLC) emphasis on high-level politicking. Historians, whose recent professional training has stressed the social scientific merits of the individual case study, also endorse a more localized approach. This methodology promotes the view that the civil rights movement was in a key sense not one movement but many. Its dynamics were different in Greensboro than in Monroe, North Carolina, and different again in Greenwood and Jackson, Mississippi, or in Birmingham, Montgomery, or Tuskegee, Alabama.1 Local studies have also strengthened the scholarly recognition that the "classic phase" of the freedom struggle (1954-1968) had a lengthy prologue. To understand the movement in Louisiana, historian Adam Fairclough begins in 1915 with the formation of the New Orleans chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).2 Historians do tend to mistrust the pronouncements of sociologists because their abstract and generalized models are too far away from the local realities, yet these theoretical frames have consistently informed the historical study of social movements.3 In 1982, Doug McAdam argued that the civil rights movement's dynamics reflected a changing political process within which large-scale structural changes provided periods of enhanced, and then contracted, political opportunity for insurgent social movements.4 The sociologists' shift to a more local perspective on the movement came in 1984, when Aldon Morris applied the resource mobilization model of social movement theory to find the key origins of insurgency within African American communities.5 Since then a fruitful dialogue with European social theorists, who have


Opportunities in solving the problems with waste management system; can improve the quality of life for people all around. The solutions need to be directed or targeted in a holistic sense, only then, can all issues in this space be solved fullest extent. This work introduces the solution that tackles the root cause of segregation issue in waste management; the work could bring about a drastic change in people's outlook towards managing waste, by employing an impactful experimental trial. Outcomes of which were practically demonstrated and validated.


DSME Analyzed cracked dosing valve of LNG Carrier Boiler and carried out some test to find the causes of such failure.


Purpose: Cardiac remodeling and inflammation are hallmarks of cardiac failure and correlate with outcome in patients. However, the basis for the development of both remains unclear.

We have previously reported that cardiac inflammation triggers transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and therefore increase accumulation of cardiac collagen deposition, one key pathology in cardiac remodeling. Identifying key pathways in inflammation would therefore be beneficial for patients suffering from heart failure. Here, we investigate the role of fibroblasts in the inflammatory process.

Methods and Results: We address for the first time the role of fibroblasts as inflammatory supporter cells in heart failure. Using endomyocardial biopsies from patients with heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy, we created a primary human cardiac fibroblasts cell culture system. To stimulate the primary fibroblasts we used the flexercell system with increasing stretch intensities. We found that mechanical stretch mimicking cardiac dilation in heart failure induce activation of fibroblasts and not only stimulates production of extracellular matrix but more importantly up-regulates chemokine production and triggers typical inflammatory pathways in vitro. Furthermore different pathways inhibitors were used to determine the signaling pathway involved in the chemokine production induced by mechanical stretch. Moreover, the cell culture supernatant of stretched fibroblasts activates inflammatory cells and induces further recruitment of monocytes by allowing transendothelial migration into the cardiac tissue. Experiments with other cardiac cells exposed to mechanical stretch revealed that the induction of chemokine expression by mechanical stretch seems to be specific for fibroblasts.

Conclusion: Our findings reveal that cardiac fibroblasts are chemoactive sentinel cells activated by mechanical stress and are able to recruit inflammatory cells into the cardiac tissue, a process known to aggravate prognosis of patients. This might be important in different forms of heart failure and therefore may be one general mechanism specific for fibroblasts.


Earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling in a silty sand stratum is frequently faced with the wear of rotary cutter disc, clogging, or even collapse of workface due to its noncohesive and discrete properties of silty sand material. Soil conditioning is an effective way to reduce the discrete and friction properties of silty sand and to increase its rheology and fluidity, thus improving the cutting performance of EPB machines. However, soil conditioning materials were generally prepared and injected based on past limited field experiences or lab tests which were far from reality. In this article, a ground suitability test system for simulating shield tunneling in a conditioned ground was specially developed and used in a series of tests to investigate the influences of key factors of soil conditioning on the shield cutting performance. In addition, a field experiment of shield tunneling in silty sand of Wuhan Metro was conducted for verification. The major findings were obtained as follows. (1) The proposed test system performed well in simulating and assessing the cutting performance of EPB shield in conditioned soils, and the test results agreed well with the field test. (2) The soil conditioning materials can significantly reduce the cutting torque of shield tunneling in silty sand by up to 60%–70%. (3) The optimal foam and slurry parameters are suggested in the paper for shield tunneling in silty sand, respectively. (4) The test results reveal that the slurry conditioning is better than the foam in decreasing the cutter torque in silty sand. To achieve the same effect of soil conditioning, the injection ratios of foam and slurry should be 45% and 10%, respectively, to achieve the torque reduction ratio of 60%. These findings can provide a practical reference for engineers to determine the best-fit conditioning materials and construction parameters in the silty sand stratum.


The main purpose of the article is to research on the contents and origin of the ritual "returning home" of marital customs (回门) in Fujian and Guangdong provinces. First of all, I observed and studied the records of Local Histories during the period of the Ching Dynasty and the Republic of China, and the ritual "returning home" of marital customs almost prevails in these two places, being regarded as the Married Women's Birth Family Visit. Furthermore, the customs of Fujian and Guangdong were in succession to the Yellow River culture and affected deeply by the Wen Gong Household Rituals (文公家礼). But the ritual was just recorded by the Wen Gong Household Rituals and not found in Decorum Ritual(仪礼).The ritual"Returning Home"of Marital Customs is rather different from Married Women's Birth Family Visit among the classics, nationality histories and biographies. As a result, the meanings of the two words were not the same in early days. Above all, the ritual was written by the Wen Gong Household Rituals first and was recorded in official ritual book since the Ming Dynasty. In addition, the ritual was mixed with the practice "Married Women's Birth Family Visit" since the Ching Dynasty. In a word, I think the ritual "returning home" of marital customs is just a folk custom in earlier time, and becomes an official ritual in the Ming Dynasty.


In 2010 La Gobernacion de Risaralda and Accion Social in support of International Cooperation, implemented for the second time in the town of Santa Rosa de Cabal Urban Agriculture Strategy RiSA Departmental Program (Risaralda Invest in Food Security and Nutrition). A year after this evaluation is done with the intention of the current status of the orchards implemented with the program and observe the characteristics of the
population involved in this. We identified that more women, also more active people above 40 years and that the orchard activities conducive to the participation of people with mental and physical disabilities. Urban agriculture is for the families involved economic savings value highly, also strengthens the bonds between neighbors and contributes to a healthy mental health, but now 64% of the participants have left the orchard mainly reuse space, the lack of new seeds and the availability of time. However the remaining families corresponding to 36% continue with urban farming overcoming the adversities encountered.
With a group workshop generated the development of proposals for strengthening the Urban Agriculture Strategy RiSA Program, where participatory community members, were given the task of reviewing and understanding the present assessment and expressed his opinion as it could improve and persist this process. The creation of a video documentary shows the testimonies and perceptions of community members about their experience with orchards, also addressed to officials and academics who provide vision and input on this topic.


The volumes of data in information systems are growing drastically. The systems become increasingly complex in trying to handle heterogeneity of ubiquitous components, standards, data formats, etc. According to the vision of Autonomic Computing, the complexity can be handled by introducing self-manageable components able to "run themselves." Agent Technology fits this vision, whereas interoperability among autonomic components can be tackled by Semantic Technologies. The problem of efficient heterogeneous data sharing, exchange and reuse within such systems plays a key role. We present an approach of constructing semantic capabilities (self-descriptive functional components) for software agents and a mechanism for distributed data management that applies these capabilities to build various industrial business intelligence systems.


OBJECTIVES
To extensively discuss clinical features, laboratory data and pathology findings associated with alcoholic hepatitis as well as the new insights into pathogenesis and the appropriate therapy.

DESIGN
Review of current literature.

RESULTS
Acetaldehyde gives rise to neoantigens by complexing with various proteins, which, in turn, favors the appearance of autoantibodies. Antibodies against the hepatic lipoprotein and a number of hepatocyte surface glycoproteins have been detected in alcoholic hepatitis. Experimental studies have shown that acetaldehyde and malonyldialdehyde form highly immunogenic aggregates (MAA adducts). Antibody titers are usually higher in patients with more advanced disease, which argues for a major etiologic role. HLA antigens such as B8, DR3, DR4, which are usually associated with autoimmune diseases, are more frequently observed in alcoholic hepatitis patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite the above, it is still questionable whether alcoholic hepatitis pathogenesis is autoimmune in origin. Why do only 15-20% of subjects who have long been abused alcohol develop hepatitis? What are the predisposing factors? What events trigger the immunologic reactivity? If MAA adducts play a role, why are not all the alcohol abusers affected by hepatitis? Transplantation outcome in well selected patients with alcoholic hepatitis is as good as--or even better than--the one reported for patients with different types of hepatitis.


The historic analysis of budget and taxation system is considered in the article, different approaches to budget policies of different states and different methods of its implementation are viewed. Special emphasis is laid on the specific nature of Russia"s budget policy during the period of last decades, including Russia"s budget for 2010-2013, which, in author"s opinion, doesn"t pursue the problems of development enhancement and leads to the debt crisis.


The article is devoted to the religious aspect analysis as a part of the sociocultural component. This research also presents one of the most important steps for the acquirement of national and cultural knowledge. In spite of the secular status of the majority of states, it is the religious aspect that often guarantees successful intercultural communication. The article contains an analysis of Russian, Spanish and English phraseology of the religious origin, and comes to a number of conclusions concerning the peculiarities of religious aspect realization in the given languages.


The objective of the present study was to evaluate the naturally occurring Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) concerning with the preformulation studies and UV spectrophotometrically. The physicochemical properties of the drug were identified as appearance (pale yellow crystalline powder), color (yellow), odor (odorless), melting point (49.5 o C), taste (tasteless). The liquid samples were prepared for the scanning of CoQ10 in ethanol, methanol and 0.1 N HCl. The λmax value of drug reported in all the medium was 275 nm. The preformulation study started with loss on drying, bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, powder compressibility (Carr's index and Hausner's ratio) and their values obtained were 0.5 %, 0.23 g/cc, 0.347 g/cc, 28 o , 33.7 and 1.51. The partition coefficient was determined by using shake flask method log P ~ 3.21 value indicated hydrophobic nature of drug. Stock solution was prepared and different dilutions were made and absorbance was taken. The calibration curve of drug between absorbance vs. concentration has drawn to show the linearity. Therefore, the aforementioned parameters could be beneficial in providing the


Hantavirus nephropathy (CVI) is considered to be acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with hantavirus infection (CVI). This infection in the countries of the European and Asian continents causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). However, up to 60% of kidney damage is manifested by pathological changes in urinary sediment without signs of AKI, in connection with which the problems of terminology and diagnosis of kidney damage in HFRS were discussed. A review of the world literature of recent years, devoted to the study of modern data on the pathogenesis of CVI, is presented. The data were revealed that explain the organ specificity of the pathological process in different variants of CVI. The data were revealed that explain the organ specificity of the pathological process in different variants of CVI. The mechanisms related to various aspects of the pathogenesis of hantavirus nephropathy are considered. The factors that alter the functional activity of target cells through the direct action of the virus and the factors mediated by the immune response of the biological host to viral proteins in the form of the action of cytokines ("cytokine storm") causing damage to target organs (indirect factors) are listed. The influence of the hantavirus serotype, genetic factors, and the nature of the immune response of the biological host organism on the severity of renal dysfunction was shown. The concept of "acute damage to podocytes" is disclosed, which explains massive protein uria at the onset of the disease. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of damage to the main compartments of the kidney during hantavirus infection are presented. Disorders of hemostasis and mechanisms of hypercoagulation were demonstrated that underlie glomerular AKI due to acute microvascular syndrome, which is realized in the form of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). The results of experimental data obtained on a laboratory model of infection and in cell culture, histological studies of autopsy material, and nephrobiopsy specimens from patients with hantavirus nephropathy are demonstrated.


There is a close relationship of politics,bureaucracy and financial sector in Japan.This kind of close triangle relationship forms a shed of protectionism toward Japan's weak financial sector.This shed is the root of Japan's limited financial liberalization.The authors inted to can predict that if this shed is not crashed,a complete financial liberalization would not be realized.Besides,Japan's finance sector would not sharpen its competitiveness in the international market.


1Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Radiology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea 3Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea 4Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 5Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea


Medicine Service II of the Coimbra University Hospitals Abstract The authors present a retrospective study on the therapeutic approach to hypercalcemia in patients with solid neoplasms, hospitalized in the Medical Service II of the HUC. The study group included 171 patients, 45 (26.3%) of which had hypercalcemia (serum calcium ≥ 10.4 mg/dL, after correction for albuminemia). In these patients, analyses were performed of the therapies used, the criteria for choice of therapy (calcemic levels, symptomatology, and bone metastization), response obtained, and relationship with the basic therapeutic approach. The following facts merit special emphasis: A) The therapies used were: hydration, either in isolation (n = 27) or in association with drugs (n = 18), always including furosemide), {corticoids (n = 6), calcitonin (n = 9), biphosphonates (n = 12)}. B) All 10 patients with severe hypercalcemia (≥ 13 mg/dL) and only 6 of the 29 with slight hypercalcemia (≥ 10.4 – 11.5 mg/dL) underwent therapeutic associations. Of the 14 patients with severe symptoms attributed to hypercalcemia, drugs were only used in 7. In the patients with documented bone metastization (n = 15) the use of calcitonin or bisphosphonates was prevalent. C) There was temporary control of calcemias in the patients that underwent therapy, which is more relevant when various drugs are associated. Regression of the symptoms was more significant in the group that used bisphosphonates. In a third of the patients who used bisphosphonates or calcitonin, there was an improvement in pain. D) Mortality in hospitalization and average delay were about double that of the total group of inpatients. Conclusions: 1) Significant prevalence of this metabolic disorder (26%) in the solid neoplasms. 2) Hypercalcemia was attributed greater value, with the use of therapeutic measures in addition to hydration in 40% of the patients. 3) The therapeutic option was based more specifically on the levels of calcemia than on the symptoms, and bone metastization influenced the use of calcitonin and bisphosphonates. 4) The improvement of symptoms in a significant number of patients, and the temporary control of calcium levels, are factors that could improve the quality of life of these patients, counterbalancing them until basic measures are adopted, which occurred in a third of the cases.


The MAPLE environment. Solving equations. Rational expressions. Defining functions. Additional features of the plot function. Examples. Calculus. Differential functions. Linear algebra. Index.


The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal chemistry, and particularly relates to two crystal forms of azilsartan and a preparation method thereof. For the crystal form B of the azilsartan, in a X-ray powder diffraction pattern, 2theta has characteristic peaks near 7.46 degrees, 8.43 degrees, 9.38 degrees, 10.96 degrees, 18.90 degrees, 21.06 degrees, 21.98 degrees, 22.71 degrees, 23.11 degrees and 24.89 degrees. For the crystal form C, in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern, 2theta has characteristic peaks near 9.52 degrees, 11.64 degrees, 13.51 degrees, 20.85 degrees, 21.83 degrees, 22.40 degrees, 23.44 degrees, 25.17 degrees, 26.17 degrees and 29.06 degrees. The crystal form B and crystal form C of the azilsartan have better stability and fluidity and are beneficial to long-time storage.


The behaviour of different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kloeckera apiculata in apple juice fermentation was studied. Ethanol production was higher for Saccharomyces strains while residual sugars and ethyl acetate content was higher for Kloeckera strains. Kl. apiculata fermented products showed the lowest amount of higher alcohols and the lowest content in organic acids with the exception of acetic acid, so this yeast produced an increment in volatile acidity. On the basis of ethyl acetate, hydrogen sulfide, and acetic acid production, fermentative ability, potassium metabisulfite resistance and sporulation percentage, one strain from Sacch. cerevisiae could be employed as starter for making cider.


We developed a spectral-domain visible-light optical coherence tomography (VIS-OCT) based multimodal imaging technique which can accomplish simultaneous OCT and fluorescence imaging with a single broadband light source. Phantom experiments showed that by using the simultaneously acquired OCT images as a reference, the effect of light attenuation on the intensity of the fluorescent images by materials in front of the fluorescent target can be compensated. This capability of the multimodal imaging technique is of high importance for achieving quantification of the true intensities of autofluorescence (AF) imaging of the retina. We applied the technique in retinal imaging including AF imaging of the retinal pigment epithelium and fluorescein angiography (FA). We successfully demonstrated the effect of compensation on AF and FA images with the simultaneously acquired VIS-OCT images.


Recent results concerning the use of the Correlated Basis Function to investigate the ground state properties of medium-heavy doubly magic nuclei with microscopic interactions are presented. The calculations have been done by considering a Short-Range Correlation between nucleons. The possibility of identifying effects produced by Short-Range Correlations in electromagnetically induced phenomena is discussed.