The six populations i.e., P 1 , P 2 , F 1 , F 2 , BCI and BCII of the three crosses (Sids 4 x Sids 1) (Sids 1x Giza 168) and (Giza 168x Gemmeiza 9) were used to estimate genetic variance, gene action, heterosis, inbreeding depression, heritability and genetic advance for the days to heading, days to maturity and plant height as well as yield and its components traits. The experiment was conducted at Sids Agric. Res. Stan. (Beni suef governorate) during the three successive growing seasons 2003 / 2004, 2004 / 2005 and 2005 / 2006.Significant positive heterosis effects relative to mid parent values were obtained for number of spikelets / spike, number of kernels / spike, grain yield / spike and grain yield / plant in the three crosses and for 1000-kernel weight in the 2 nd and 3 rd cross. Significant negative heterosis effects were found for days to heading, days to maturity and plant height in the three crosses, and for number of spikes / plant in the 2 nd cross. Significant negative inbreeding depression were detected for days to heading, days to maturity and number of spikes / plant in the three crosses, for plant height in the 2 nd and 3 rd crosses and for1000-kernel weight in the 1 st and 3 rd crosses. Significant positive inbreeding depression were obtained for number of spikelets /spike, number of kernels / spike and grain yield / spike in the three crosses, for 1000-kernel weight in the 2 nd cross and for grain yield / plant in the 2 nd and 3 rd cross. The additive type of gene action was significant either positive or negative for all traits except days to heading, days to maturity and1000-kernel the 3 rd cross. High to moderate heritability values in broad sense were detected for most studied traits. Moderate heritability values in narrow sense were detected for most studied traits except tw cases. These results ascertained that both additive and non–additive genetic variance were important in the existence of variability in these traits.


This month the eurozone returned to recession, three years after it emerged from the deep recession of 2008-09. Paul De Grauwe argues that the current situation has been produced by policy failures at the beginning of the crisis. The best initial policy would have been for the eurozone's creditor countries to increase spending, while the struggling periphery countries implemented austerity measures. The budget-balancing policies of creditor countries have instead created an asymmetric adjustment process in which most of the adjustment has been carried by debtor countries such as Spain, Greece and Ireland. One mechanism for returning the eurozone to growth may be for states such as Germany, Finland and the Netherlands to maintain small budget deficits while keeping a constant debt to GDP ratio.


In the paper, a new innovative strategy-WOIS-way of oriented innovation strategy (in German: Widerspruchsorientierte Innovationsstrategie), is presented. The focus is on a theoretical basis of a new product development strategy, procedure, methods and tools, its performance, experiences with applications in industry and current research.


Each year, more than 200 million people are impacted by natural hazards worldwide that result in displacement, the financial loss of US$200 billion, and more than 20,000 lives lost (UNISDR 2015). In response, mitigation strategies such as risk-reducing infrastructure (e.g. coastal embankment) have significantly reduced natural hazard-induced casualties worldwide (Kellet and Sense 2014). Yet timely evacuation or rescue in hazards (e.g. earthquakes, flash floods) have remained a persistent difficultly due to the lack of real-time information on the number and location of impacted populations (Kobayashi et al. 2011).


The invention discloses a non-rigid target behavior observation device and a non-rigid target behavior observation method based on a visual perception network. A PTZ controller module controls a front-end integrated camera to acquire video information; a video synchronizer coordinates integrated cameras to cooperatively work and receive a decision command of a central processing unit and selects and outputs an analog video to a video encoder; the video encoder encodes the analog video and inputs the encoded analog video into an image frame storage device; the central processing unit reads and processes a video frame from the image frame storage device; and a digital/analog (D/A) module converts a digitalized video into an analog video. The non-rigid target behavior observation device based on the visible perception network is constructed by researching an active attention process for human vision and a selection attention process for multi-feature images; by coordination of nodes of the network, different nodes can percept different features of a target or percept the same feature at different angles; and the aim of performing all-round, multi-scale and precision tracking perception and observation on the target is fulfilled.


To document breeding systems in the widespread neotropical terrestrial orchid, Sacoila lanceolata, pollination and seed development were studied in the field and in cultivated plants. In the southern Florida study area, plants of var. lanceolata were not pollinated and hummingbird pollinators were apparently absent. When plants from southern Florida were moved to a situation where hummingbirds were abundant in southern Ontario, hummingbird-pollination was observed on numerous occasions and the incidence of pollination was approximately 90%. Pollination experiments demonstrated a reliance on pollen vectors in plants of var. lanceolata from central Guyana, where a variety of hummingbird pollinators are available, but the plants of the same variety from southern Florida were found to be agamospermic. Examination of serial sections of ovaries in successive developmental stages indicated that agamospermy is by adventitious embryony, the embryos (one or more) being formed by proliferation of the inner integument. Adventitious embryony can be detected through association with polyembryonic seed, is characteristic of Florida populations of var. lanceolata, and occurs also in portions of the tropical range. Plants of S. lanceolata var. paludicola from southern Florida were found to self-pollinate. The pollinator-independent breeding systems in southern Florida populations of S. lanceolata var. lanceolata and var. paludicola and the apparent absence of races totally reliant upon pollen vectors are associated with pollinator-paucity. Sacoila lanceolata (Aublet) Garay var. lanceolata is a reddishto orange-yellowor occasionally pale greenish-flowered, terrestrial orchid with a broad neotropical distribution extending from northern Florida and northern Mexico to northern Uruguay (Luer, 1972). The smaller-flowered var. paludicola Luer is restricted to extreme southern Florida [the Fahkahatchee Strand in Collier Co. (Luer, 197 la), Kendall Hammock in Dade Co. (pers. obs.), and from one location in the Everglades (McCartney, 1985)] and the Caribbean region (based on examination of specimens at AMES, DAO, SEL, and FTG-acronyms from Holmgren et al., 1981). Both var. lanceolata and var. paludicola have gaping tubular flowers with an adnate spur (Fig. 1). In terms of flower color and morphology and absence of a detectable odor, the flowers of both varieties are representative of the bird pollination syndrome (Pijl & Dodson, 1966). Casual observations of seed development in a few cultivated plants that were maintained in the absence of any potential pollen vectors suggested that both var. lanceolata and var. paludicola may have pollinator-independent breeding systems in southern Florida. Since the breeding systems of tropical and subtropical terrestrial orchids are relatively poorly known, a study was undertaken to document the breeding systems of S. lanceolata.


The German Bundestag decided June 30, 2011 to shut down by 2022 stepwise the complete national nuclear power plant capacity which at the time of decision generated some 22% of the nation's electricity demand. This presentation tries to present a technology forecast of three potential compensations 1) energy and exergy efficiency gains, 2) renewable energies, and 3) hydrogen energy, thereby bearing in mind that fossil fuels such as coal, mineral oil and natural gas will by no means be gone after that short 10 year transition time. Consequently, not only the three compensations, but also fossil fuels e now efficient to the technological utmost e have to meet the obligation of reducing anthropogenic environmental and climate changing influences, and, in Germany's case with 75% of its energy demand covered by imports of great importance, try to decrease the almost life risking high import rate by distributing suppliers all over the world and start introducing global clean renewable energies and trade in renewable hydrogen energy. Whether SUNRISE will evolve into a paragon for all those nations thinking of, planning for, or already taking the first steps towards saying farewell to nuclear is too early to determine. The four components of energy sustainability compensating for nuclear e energy and exergy efficiency gains, clean fossil, solar and hydrogen e pluck up courage, make headway and leave nuclear behind. And, in particular, hydrogen energy is and will increasingly become humankind's common


Hyperimmunization of rabbits with heat-killed Brucella abortus called forth blocking antibodies which appeared late and only if the antigenic dose was very large. The blocking antibody was shown to have a shifting electrophoretic mobility in rabbit and human serum proteins, varying with the duration of antigenic stimulation. Early, the blocking phenomenon appeared in the slow moving γ-globulins; with continued stimulation, the blocking antibodies migrated in the serum proteins with the mobility of the β-globulins. The blocking phenomenon in a B. abortus hyperimmunized rabbit disappeared 14 weeks after the cessation of heavy antigenic stimulation. It reappeared after a single injection of the same antigen. These findings suggest that in the rabbit blocking antibody indicates continued antigenic stimulation or active infection by Brucella.


Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are widely used as commercial products today. To improve their performance, hundreds of metal gratings are usually employed to reflect SAWs. In the last decade, phononic crystal (PC) attracted much attention for its special acoustic properties such as anisotropic propagation and band gaps. PC with tens of lattice periods can stop SAW within the band gap frequency ranges efficiently. Thus PC was proposed to be reflective gratings instead of metal strips to reduce the space-consuming of SAW devices. In this study, modified air/silicon PC structures with finite-depth cylindrical holes and tapered radius distribution were used to design high performance reflective gratings. SAW encountering various PCs was analyzed systematically to investigate the mechanism and optimize PC reflective gratings. With high efficient PC gratings, a resonant cavity for SAW was designed accordingly and the numerical analysis showed significant improvement. The maximum amplitude inside the cavity is five times larger than the peak inside the cavity defined by normal PC gratings.


As the top in the comprehensive ranking of Korean higher vocational colleges,Yeungjin College is particularly well-known as a pioneer for the professional and characteristic order-oriented education.It becomes the model in Korean higher vocational education by means of carrying out the globalization strategy of personnel training and focusing on the cultivation of students' internationalization abilities and the education of students' professional ethics.Yeungjin College adheres to the motto of "Creativity,Sincerity,and Service" and establishes the trinity teaching system.It cultivates highly qualified and creative technicians to serve the local economy and forms the characteristic school-enterprise integration education mode.


The Sunderdhunga valley harbors a number of medicinal plants used by the local people in different purposes. A total of 76 ethnomedicinal plants have been enumerated in the present communication with correct binomials, family, life form, local name along with detailed ethnomedicinal uses. These species belong to 27 families and 56 genera. Out of total species recorded, 82% belongs to only 11 families, on the other hand 48% of total families represented by single species. Fifteen of the recorded species are categorized under different threat category, constituting about 20% of total species. Major cause of depletion of these species is over exploitation of the wild populations and illegal trade. Important measures required to conserve the biodiversity of the valley include documentation of the traditional ecological and remedial knowledge of the locals for sustaining future generation and motivation to cultivate rare or threatened species in nearby villages.


According to the complicated characteristic of the ship fin stabilizer reinforced structural design and loads,a CAD/CAE integrated design and analysis method was presented to do three-dimensional structure design,hydro-dynamic analysis and structure property assessment of fin stabilizer reinforced structure.In this research,the multi-point constraint method is adopted to realize the load transfer between two kinds of discordant elements,which simulate fin stabilizer reinforced structure and fin stabilizer foundation,the ship motion response and hydro-dynamic pressure are obtained by the free surface Green function method and the three dimensional linear potential flow theory.The key techniques discussed in this research provide a new technical approach for fin stabilizer reinforced structural design and analysis.


A two-dimensional stability analysis is presented of flow of low Froude number over an erodible bed. Particular regard is given to the modelling of the turbulent flow close to the bed. In contrast to previous theories that use a constant eddy-viscosity approach the present theory predicts the occurrence of two separate modes of instability, with wavelengths related to the roughness of the bed and the depth of the flow. It is postulated that these two modes correspond to the formation of ripples and dunes respectively. The results are strongly dependent on the two parameters z0, the roughness length of the bed, and β, the effect of the local bed slope on the bed-load transport. Using physically plausible estimates for these parameters the results of the analysis are in good agreement with observations for both ripples and dunes.


The craft trade in Portugal faces challenges that compromise its productive and economic sustainability and may result in the disappearance of millenary techniques, traditions, and industrial practices of high symbolic and historical value. The growing incompatibility of these traditional activities with digital technologies, the lack of resources, and a growing age gap are among the main problems identified. This situation made worse by various restrictions pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic points towards the possibility of extinction of this type of manual arts. The goal of this research is to demonstrate how the design process of an e-marketplace platform, throughout its different phases, may contribute to the revitalization of traditional industries. The methodologies adopted in the framework consisted in the study of UX and UI best design practices, including wireframe design, user flows, definition of personas, development of prototypes, and style guides. The results of the conducted usability tests to the prototype allowed a gradual improvement of the solution, culminating in the confirmation of its effectiveness. The study concluded that digital technology, namely a designed e-marketplace solution, could potentially bring buyers and sellers closer together, thus being a tool with high potential for the dissemination and sustainability of the craft industry.


In early 1977 Global Marine Development Inc. (GMDI) conducted a study for the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) to determine the feasibility of utilizing the GLOMAR EXPLORER for deep water scientific drilling and coring. The large physical size, the massive load handling capability and the large center well of the GLOMAR EXPLORER allow a great deal of flexibility for the incorporation of riser and BOP handling and storage, drilling equipment, laboratory and shop spaces, bulk storage and crew accommodations. Of particular interest is the proposed incorporation of a riser which does not need flotation since the bare riser weight can be supported, raised and lowered from the ship's existing gimbal and heave compensated rig floor. This capability simplifies and improves the safety of overall riser handling and support.


The low temperature liquid sulphurizing of high speed steel W6Mo5Cr4V2(W6) was studied.Thus the microstructure,morphology and friction and wear behavior of the sulfide layer were analyzed.An activation accelerating passage model was suggested for the sulfurizing of the high-speed steel,after taking into account the influence of activation on the surface state and sulphurizing outcome of the steel.The results showed that it was imperative to carry out activation before sulphurizing.The antiwear ability of the W6 sample coupled with Cr12 steel was significantly increased by sulphrizing.


Abstract Field programmable analog arrays (FPAA) offer the electronic equipment designers new possibilities in quick, interactive and flexible design process, simple verifying, prototyping and modifying of many circuit solutions. The detailed research results of the selected parameters of the AN221E04 device delivered by Anadigm ® are presented. Some features not mentioned in the data sheets were noted and analyzed, concerning e.g. the device input and output filters. Based on the examined AN221E04 device the example application of the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit was built. The advantages of this design, its obtainable parameters and the problems involved by application of FPAA are presented in the paper.


ABSTRACT: This retrospective study examined the effect of problem‐based learning (PBL) on the clinical performance of entry‐level physical therapy students at Simmons College. Students had participated in either a lecture‐based curriculum or a combination of traditional and PBL approaches. Ratings for 50 items representing critical thinking, self‐directed learning, and collaboration on final performance evaluations for three full‐time clinical experiences were examined. Chi‐square analyses were used to determine curricular effects on evaluation scores. These analyses revealed eight instances of curricular effects. Three of the four effects in favor of the PBL approach were in the area of self‐directed learning during the first experience. The four effects in favor of the traditional approach crossed all categories during the first and second experiences. The limitations of the curricular design and performance evaluations included the number of PBL courses in the curriculum; problems with clarity, sensitivity, and application of the performance evaluation tool; and variability in the characteristics of the clinical experiences.


AbstractThe effect of steel cleanness, core hardenability, and microstructure after carburising on bending fatigue strength is described for the standard steel grade SS 2506. Examination of the fatigue fracture surfaces revealed that initiation had occurred at the surface where an internally oxidised layer was present. Differences in the inclusion content were not a major cause of fatigue failure. The highest fatigue strength was obtained for the smallest grain size material, but the effect of grain size is small in comparison with the base composition. An explanation for the variation in fatigue strength between heats is given with reference to the difference in case depth and core hardenability, and their effect on the compressive residual stresses within the case. Optimum fatigue strength was achieved for the shortest case depth and a low core hardenability. The results indicate the importance of close control over these two parameters in producing the optimum fatigue strength.MST/1239


Purpose: Comparison of optimized HDR treatment plans using biological and physical objective functions. Methods and Materials: For a gynecological cancer case, treatment plans were generated using physical and biological optimizationmodels.Optimization was done using adaptive simulated annealing. The target and critical structure volumes were determined from CTimages. Target volumes were planned to receive 80Gy using a uniform external beam dose of 0 or 45Gy. The physical model objective function uses a least square fitting. The biological model objective function uses EUD to maximize the target and minimize critical structures dose. Plan evaluation is done by comparing the isodose distribution and calculating tumor control probability (TCP), normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), equivalent uniform dose (EUD), coverage index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), and overdose index (OI). Results: The physical model produced excellent dose uniformity and target coverage. The biological model was able to increase EUD to the target, lower EUD to the rectum and sigmoid, but increased EUD to the bladder. When external beam dose is added, the differences in EUD were in the same direction, but smaller. The biological plan was less uniform (lower HI and higher OI) with the same CI as the physical model, but when an external beam was added, CI was the same, HI became smaller, and OI was larger compared to the physical model. TCP was larger for the biological model. NTCP are zero for plans without external beam dose. When external beam dose was added, TCP and NTCP increased for both plans. TCP became higher for the physical model and NTCP followed the same trend as the EUD calculations. Conclusion: The biological model is able to spare dose to critical structures,but has less homogeneity and greater overdose than the physical model. When an external beam dose is included, plans look almost identical.


From the measurement of the ion-induced secondary electron emission yield γiit was shown that with increasing γiof the dielectric panel material the firing voltage of an ac gas discharge display panel decreased. The measurement of the energy distributflon of the secondary electrons showed that the dielectric material with higher γihas lower most-probable energy (MPE), and half-width (HW) values. The energy distribution introduced by Stolz in the ease of secondary electrons emitted from a metal was applied to the dielectric panel material and solved by using a computer. From this result, it was shown that the lower the electron affinity of the dielectric panel material, the higher is the γi. Under the condition when γibecame greater than unity, unstable self-sustained emission was observed even though the primary ion beam was cut off.


We attempted to determine the responsiveness and validity of the Quality of Well‐Being (QWB) scale in 20 consecutive children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. The QWB score was determined for 6‐day periods immediately before and after hospital admission, and at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up. With the instrument's scale of zero‐1, responsiveness was indicated by significant changes in QWB score (0.09), physical (0.019), social (0.021), and symptom‐problem complexes (0.04) domains, and all pulmonary function tests from before to after treatment of an acute exacerbation. Only the symptom‐problem complex domain significantly changed from after treatment to 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up. Validity was shown by significant correlations between before and after QWB scores and forced vital capacity (r=0.476), residual volume total lung capacity ratio (r=0.452), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (r=0.358), and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (r=0.35).


The measurement of fertilization rate and embryonic survival in ewe flocks has been examined from both a theoretical and practical viewpoint. An hypothesis of independence (of survival) for ova or zygotes in multiple ovulating ewes was tested in data obtained from four adult and four maiden ewe flocks mated during the autumn, both crossbred and Merino ewes being examined. Only the adult ewe flocks, with reasonable numbers of multiple ovulating ewes, provided adequate information to test the hypothesis. The data for fertilization rate showed significant deviation from the hypothesised binomial distribution (independence hypothesis). Fertilization appeared to be 'all or none'; that is, irrespective of the number of eggs present in the ewe, they were either all fertilized or all not fertilized. An 'all or none' model for fertilization is described and parameter estimates given. Data for embryonic survival in single and twin ovulating ewes were in agreement with the binomial distribution and the independence hypothesis was accepted. Methods are described for using the 'all or none' and the 'independence' models to obtain estimates of fertilization rate and embryonic survival in investigations of ewe infertility.


This study proposes to present a sample design of a flipped learning instructional model for teaching Islamic Studies course at an Indonesian higher education institution. A bottom-up flipped learning model was developed in this study, based on Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. A Learning Management System (LMS), Schoology, was employed as a platform to share pre-class video lectures for student learning activities outside-of-class. Three main activities proposed by the researchers outside of the class activities, namely, Watching, Summarizing, and Notetaking (WSN), whereas give and take conversation is the main class activity. This study implies that the bottom-up flipped learning model could potentially be implemented for teaching Islamic studies course in Indonesian higher education institutions, with the aim of fostering students' highest level of cognitive domains and independent learning skills. This study has implications for the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education and the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia or policymakers to consider the flipped classroom as a contemporary teaching model for teaching Islamic studies course and other subjects at any in Indonesian higher education institutions.


 preferably warmed (via a blood warmer) for preterm pregnancies. 3. Amnioinfusion for suspected umbilical cord compression may be of benefit to mother and baby by reducing the occurrence of variable decelerations, improving short-term measures of neonatal outcome, reducing maternal postpartum endometritis and lowering the use of caesarean section 2 4. Amnioinfusion in the presence of meconium stained liquor in labour is associated with substantive improvements in perinatal outcome only in settings where facilities for perinatal surveillance are limited. 3 Contraindications 7, 8  Chorioamnionitis  Placental abruption  Severe fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities  Maternal immunosuppression  Multiple pregnancy  Non vertex presentation  Placenta praevia  Maternal infection that may be transmitted to the fetus  Uterine scarring  Uterine hypertonus  Known fetal anomaly incompatible with life CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE


Pešović, Nemanja. Selective Chemical Vapor Deposition of Heavily Boron Doped Silicon-Germanium Films from Disilane, Germane and Chlorine for Source/Drain Junctions of Nanoscale CMOS (under direction of Dr. Mehmet C. Öztürk). As metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) are scaled for higher speed and reduced power, new challenges are imposed on the source/drain junctions and their contacts. Future junction technologies are required to produce ultrashallow junctions with junction depths as low as 4 nm, above-equilibrium dopant activation, super-abrupt doping profiles and specific contact resistivity values below 1x10 Ω-cm. Recently, selectively deposited, boron doped Si1-xGex junctions have been proposed to overcome these challenges. Success of technology relies on selective chemical vapor deposition of the process and satisfying stringent requirements for process integration. In the present work, the effects of process conditions on selective deposition of heavily boron doped Si1-xGex is investigated using Si2H6 and GeH4 as the precursors. It was found that addition of large amounts of diborane resulted in selectivity degradation. Addition of chlorine improved selectivity for both doped and undoped Si1xGex depositions. It was shown that addition of chlorine to the undoped Si1-xGex deposition chemistry resulted in reduced surface roughness. It is proposed that chlorine preferentially segregates to the surface of the deposited films, and act as the surfactant. However, it was also found that addition of chlorine did not significantly impact the surface morphology of heavily boron doped Si1-xGex. It was shown that addition of chlorine strongly interfered with Ge and B incorporation. Furthermore, it was found that chlorine resulted in enhanced Ge but reduced B incorporation. It is proposed that chlorine adsorption on the growing surfaces reduced the available sites for boron while promoting SiCl2 desorption at lower temperatures. Increase in deposition temperature for a given chlorine flow resulted in increased boron incorporation. Planar MOSFETs with recessed junctions were fabricated using proposed technology. An isotropic plasma etch based on pure SF6 was developed. The developed etch had lateral etch rate equal to ~40% of the vertical etch rate. It was found that MOSFETs with low S/D junction off-state current and excellent subthreshold slope could be fabricated. SELECTIVE CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF HEAVILY BORON DOPED SILICON-GERMANIUM FILMS FROM DISILANE, GERMANE AND CHLORINE FOR SOURCE/DRAIN JUNCTIONS OF NANOSCALE CMOS By Nemanja Pešović A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING


The present invention is a surface-reacted calcium carbonate with respect to the surface-reacted calcium carbonate is a reaction product of a natural or synthetic calcium carbonate with carbon dioxide and at least one acid. The calcium carbonate and oral compositions containing it can be used for remineralization and / or tooth whitening.


AL¨ AINEN Abstract. We consider the stochastic heat equation @tZ = @ 2 x Z − Z u W on the real line, where u W is space-time white noise. h(t, x) = −log Z(t, x) is interpreted as a solution of the KPZ equation, and u(t, x) = @xh(t, x) as a solution of the stochastic Burgers equation. We take Z(0, x) = exp{B(x)} where B(x) is a two-sided Brownian motion, corresponding to the station- ary solution of the stochastic Burgers equation. We show that there exist 0 < c1 ≤ c2 < ∞ such that c1t 2/3 ≤ Var(log Z(t, x)) ≤ c2t 2/3 . Analogous results are obtained for some moments of the correlation func- tions of u(t, x). In particular, it is shown that the excess diffusivity satisfies c1t 1/3 ≤ D(t) ≤ c2t 1/3 . The proof uses approximation by weakly asymmetric simple exclusion pro- cesses, for which we obtain the microscopic analogies of the results by coupling.


Graphene, a single infinite, planar, sheet of graphite, has the same dielectric resonances as bulk graphite, but solid state theory indicates that its features are about half as wide. Based on this theory, the dielectric functions of mono- and multi-layer graphenes are deduced and compared with those of terrestrial graphite. The resonance width of an ordered stack of graphenes is found to increase with the number of layers while the central frequency stays constant. This is the basis of the polycrystalline model of the carrier of the 2175 Angstrom interstellar extinction band. In this model, the carrier dust grains derive from parent hydrocarbon grains. As a grain ages in the IS medium, the light atoms are expelled, hexagonal carbon rings lump together into compact planar clusters, which then assemble into stacks of parallel, equidistant, graphene-like layers. This so-called graphitization is well known to occur in the earth or under strong heating. As the number of layers in each stack increases and their relative orientational order improves, the pi resonance width increases asymptotically towards that of terrestrial graphite. Because of the initial random structure of the parent grains, many randomly oriented stacks may coexist in the same grain. Calculations of the dielectric response of this composite medium show that, for such a grain, the width of the extinction efficiency peak follows the same trend as the pi resonance of the average stack, and thus covers the observed range of IS feature widths, at very nearly constant peak frequency.


Visual object tracking performance has been dramatically improved in recent years, but some severe challenges remain open, like distractors and occlusions. We suspect the reason is that the feature representations of the tracking targets are only expressively learned but not fully discriminatively modeled. In this paper, we propose a novel Instance-Aware Tracker (IAT) to explicitly excavate the discriminability of feature representations, which improves the classical visual tracking pipeline with an instance-level classifier. First, we introduce a contrastive learning mechanism to formulate the classification task, ensuring that every training sample could be uniquely modeled and be highly distinguishable from plenty of other samples. Besides, we design an effective negative sample selection scheme to contain various intra and inter classes in the instance classification branch. Furthermore, we implement two variants of the proposed IAT, including a video-level one and an object-level one. They realize the concept of \textbf{instance} in different granularity as videos and target bounding boxes, respectively. The former enhances the ability to recognize the target from the background while the latter boosts the discriminative power for mitigating the target-distractor dilemma. Extensive experimental evaluations on 8 benchmark datasets show that both two versions of the proposed IAT achieve leading results against state-of-the-art methods while running at 30FPS. Code will be available when it is published.


The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a hybrid bulk hetero‐junction organic solar cell with an active layer of a blend of PBDT TS1 (donor) and PCBM (acceptor) incorporated with copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) quantum dots (QDs) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires is simulated. It is found that the incorporation of CZTS‐QDs of a single radius (1.5 nm) enhances the PCE from 9.1% to 12.34% and of 13 different radii CZTS‐QDs elevates PCE to 14.96%. This enhancement occurs mainly due to the enhancement in absorption that enhances short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF). Finally, a layer of ZnO nanowires is added on top of the glass to reduce the reflection losses and absorption of ultraviolet light in the active layer that causes degradation and reduces the stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). The hybrid structure, thus simulated, has an enhanced PCE of 16.32% and is expected to be relatively more stable. It is expected that the results of this simulation may inspire all researchers interested in the fabrication of highly efficient hybrid OSCs.


In this paper, the carbonless copying paper rolls package is mainly discussed. During the transportation, the poor package is often led to the showing color of the outer paper. Somereasonable experiments are designed., so that some useful data can be found.


. Non-orthogonal multiple access technique (NOMA) is based on the principle of sharing the same physical resource, over several power levels, where user's signals are transmitted by using the superposition-coding scheme at the transmitter and these users signals are de-coded by the receiver by means of successive interference cancellation technique (SIC). In this work, performance of NOMA Downlink network under Rayleigh fading distribution is studied, in the power domain where a power beacon (PB) is used to help a base station (BS) to serve distant users, by Wireless Power Transfer (WPT). The harvested energy permits by the BS, supports information signal transmission to NOMA users. This concept can be an effective way to power Internet of Things (IoT) devices, reduce battery dependency, and promote energy sustainability and may be used in SWIPT systems and vehicular networks. To improve the key performance indicators of the system expressed by the outage performance of NOMA users and system throughput, a Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm (MOGWO) is used to find optimal values of several influencing parameters. These parameters are partition time expressing the harvesting energy time, the power conversion factor and power allocation coefficients


The increasing need for traceable nanometer-level metrology [1,2] has led to the development at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of a specialized, metrology scanning electron microscope (M-SEM) having a metrology stage measured by a laser interferometer system. The purpose of the M-SEM is to carry out traceable calibrations of pitch and linewidth on standard reference samples using nanometer-level positioning of the sample under the electron beam in the SEM. The M-SEM will also be used for customer measurements on other reference materials such as those used in integrated circuit and nanotechnology development and production. This paper introduces the metrology, measurement and control system design, uncertainty budget, preliminary results, and the design of a planned reference artifact. The M-SEM uses laser interferometers for sample displacement measurements traceable to the International System of Units (SI). The X-Y sample-stage position is measured while synchronously recording the secondary or backscattered electron output signal of the SEM. The M-SEM has a large sample capability (200 mm and 300 mm wafers and 150 mm photomasks) with 100 mm by 100 mm measurement coverage in the center. With variable landing energy and variable vacuum capability, the SEM can measure a large and diverse set of samples without conductive coatings. The field emission electron gun has better than 1 nm ultimate spatial resolution. The M-SEM is housed in a special laboratory incorporating an air-suspension vibration-isolation slab and a clean enclosure, thus achieving high-end SEM performance. The 40 pm resolution homodyne interferometer system


Introduction: Recently resilience as a new framework for the prevention of addiction. In this new context, recognition of environmental protection, awareness and understanding of the individual vulnerabilities that threaten the resilience is of utmost importance and since young people and schools are the main target of the prevention programs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of "resilience skills" on the ratio of drug addiction among secondary school students in Khorramabad


Constantly strengthening the Party's ability to resist corruption and risk is a problem to be coped with seriously in the Party's construction. In the new historical situation,it is of great significance to ponder such a subject. To cement the Party's resistance againt corruption and risk,it is worth probing into the way of managing the Party and of enhancing the power restriction.


Ariyawansa and Zhu [3] have recently proposed a new class of optimization problems termed stochastic semidefinite programs (SSDP's). SSDP's may be viewed as an extension of two-stage stochastic (linear) programs with recourse (SLP's). Zhao [16] has derived a decomposition algorithm for SLP's based on a logarithmic barrier and proved its polynomial complexity. Mehrotra and Özevin [9] have extended the work of Zhao [16] to the case of SSDP's to derive a polynomial logarithmic barrier decomposition algorithm for SSDP's. An alternative to the logarithmic barrier is the volumetric barrier of Vaidya [12]. The volumetric barrier is technically more complicated than the logarithmic barrier, and there is no work based on the volumetric barrier analogous to that of Zhao [16] for SLP's or to the work of Mehrotra and Özevin [9] for SSDP's. The purpose of this paper is to prove self-concordance [10] of a volumetric barrier suitable deriving decomposition algorithms for SSDP's. Self-concordance is an important preliminary result usually established as part of proving polynomial complexity of interior point algorithms. The results in this paper can be used to derive polynomial volumetric barrier decomposition algorithms for SLP's as well SSDP's. Two forthcoming papers will present the details of such algorithms for SLP's and SSDP's.


This dissertation is an examination of Heidegger's account of authenticity in Being and Time within the context of his phenomenological project of a fundamental ontology of being. The role of authenticity within Heidegger's unfinished fundamental ontological project of the meaning of being is related primarily to two major concepts: death and das Man (the They). Heidegger starts by investigating the phenomena of our average everyday existence in order to determine the existential- ontological structures that underlie and make possible our being. The question of being towards which Heidegger is directed requires an analysis of the only being that understands what it means to be, human being (Dasein). Dasein is the only available access we have to the understanding of being, and thus it is necessary to undertake an analysis of both Dasein's understanding and its own being. To understand Dasein as a whole, however, we must also take death into account. As a being that projects its possibilities, Dasein is only a totality when its possibilities end with death. However, everyday Dasein, as absorbed in the They, has an inauthentic attitude towards death and its own being, and does not understand its being as it really is. Being-towards- death is an ontological structure that, when lived authentically, allows Dasein to grasp itself as a whole. This thesis will review the place of these ideas in Being and Time, as well as address criticisms of Heidegger's work in order to determine whether we can ultimately accept his account of authenticity.


We present a watershed-based algorithm in the analysis of light microscopic image for reticulocyte (RET), which will be used in an automated recognition system for RET in peripheral blood. The original images, obtained by micrography, are segmented by modified watershed algorithm and are recognized in term of gray entropy and area of connective area. In the process of watershed algorithm, judgment conditions are controlled according to character of the image, besides, the segmentation is performed by morphological subtraction. The algorithm was simulated with MATLAB software. It is similar for automated and manual scoring and there is good correlation(r=0.956) between the methods, which is resulted from 50 pieces of RET images. The result indicates that the algorithm for peripheral blood RETs is comparable to conventional manual scoring, and it is superior in objectivity. This algorithm avoids time-consuming calculation such as ultra-erosion and region-growth, which will speed up the computation consequentially.


—Forecasting the behaviour of various wave parameters is crucial for the safety of maritime operations as well as for optimal operations of wave energy converter (WEC) sites. For coastal WEC sites, the wave parameters of interest are significant wave height (H s ) and peak wave period (T p ). Numerical and statistical modeling, along with machine and deep learning models, have been applied to predict these parameters for the short and long-term future. For near-future prediction of H s and T p , this study investigates the possibility of optimally training a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model on historical values of H s and T p only. Additionally, the study investigates the minimum amount of training data required to predict these parameters with acceptable accuracy. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) measure is used to evaluate the prediction ability of the model. As a result, it is identified that LSTM can effectively predict H s and T p given their historical values only. For H s , it is identified that a 4-year dataset, 20 historical inputs, and a batch size of 256 produce the best results for three, six, twelve, and twenty-four-hour prediction windows at half-hourly step. It is also established that the future values of T p can be optimally predicted using a 2-year dataset, 10 historical inputs, and a 128-batch size. However, due to the much dynamic nature of the peak wave period, it is discovered that the LSTM model yielded relatively low prediction accuracy as compared to H s .


Heat efficiency theory of heaters is analyzed in the paper.It is pointed out that measures to increase heat efficiency of heaters are to decrease flue gas loss,radiation loss,imperfect combustion loss of gas and solid.Based on the operation situation of GW5000-Y/6.4-Y2 Direct Fired Heater used in Tieling-Qinhuangdao Oil Pipeline,the measures included in technical reform program for the purpose of decreasing flue gas temperature of the heater,controlling the heater operating in high efficiency working zone and enhancing air tightness of heaters are provided.


Molecular genetic marker technologies are undergoing a transition from gel-based assays measuring DNA fragment sizes to hybridization-based microarray assays with high throughput. The methods of extracting and enzyme digestion of genomic DNA, creating microarray library, the quality and parameters of biochip were discussed in this paper, and eight samples also were tested by this biochip. The results showed that the quality of extracted DNA were good for test, the microarrays library creating by combined enzyme of PstⅠ+TaqⅠ+MseⅠ and primer PstⅠ were also fit for Abies. 4 608 clones were selected and 821 markers were effective, the productivity of effective markers was about 17.8%. The genetic diversity, genetics distance of eight samples were also analyzed, repeatability of samples in genetic distance had 100% consistency. This parameters above showed that genetic markers biochip were made successfully, and this technology could be used in the field of researching genetic mapping, taxonomy and evolution, assistant breeding, genetic diversity analyzing, and so on.


This article addresses the economic impact of improving delivery performance in a two-stage supply chain when delivery performance is evaluated with respect to a delivery window. Building on contemporary management theories that advocate variance reduction as the critical step in improving the overall performance of a system, an expected cost model is developed that financially quantifies the benefit of reducing delivery variance. The present worth of the expected costs, due to untimely delivery, that accrue over a finite time horizon provide management with input for justifying financial investment to support a continuous improvement program to reduce delivery variance. The concept of managerial neglect is introduced and quantified as an opportunity cost of management neglecting to improve delivery performance in a timely manner.


This paper examines estimation of micro-robotic leg dynamics across uncertain ground impact conditions. A model for impact of compliant micro-structures with unknown ground geometries is adapted to a switched system format having explicit random parameters associated with uncertain impact conditions. Estimation schemes for dynamic states of the robot leg are derived based on Kalman filtering, including a novel ad hoc method for incorporating inter-sample impact events based on linear interpolations. Model and estimation schemes are tested against experimental motion of a meso-scale compliant piezoelectric robot test bed. The impact model improves on prior modeling techniques in capturing mean impact time and variability of step height, though impact time variation is overstated in open-loop. Impact time estimates are much improved using the estimator with inter-sample events, though estimation error over the entirety of leg motion is inferior to that of a more conventional hybrid Kalman filter.


A new method for detecting underground obstacles, such as water pipes and power transmission cables, during excavation works is proposed in this paper. The studied method is based on the concept of sensor fusion and incorporates of visual information and force sensor data. The resistive force which acts on the bucket of an excavator, during excavation , is closely related to the changes in the shape of the ground caused by the excavator . During an excavation process , when the bucket of the excavator comes close to some underground obstacles or touches them, the relationship between the resistive force and the changes in the shape of the ground varies. So, using the sensed resistive forces and the visual data of the changes in the shape of the ground, an excavator robot can detect if the bucket is getting close to some underground obstacles or touches them. Fig.1 shows the image of our proposed method.


Over two-thirds of the economically active population of Nigeria live in rural areas and earn their living from farming and other rural economic activities, but there is an obvious neglect of the rural areas in the distribution of major development and social amenities. The gross inadequacy of such amenities as piped water, transport facilities, electricity, and health facilities in the larger part of rural Nigeria is a major opposing factor to the well-


Energy saving in buildings is one of the most important research directions in the building sector. Energy saving solutions should not lead to decreased indoor environment quality. Because of the i...


Education is one of the most important factors in achieving the development goals of the country. It is the key to the national development. In India Education has seen massive growth in recent years. On one hand, this growth promises to produce more skilled individuals to fulfill needs of ever growing Indian economy and on the other hand it poses a huge challenge for the governing bodies like UGC, AICTE and others to maintain or improve the quality of education. An integrated Higher Education Service System (HESS) at a national level can be one of the key Information and Communication Technology initiatives to help India become a provider of world-class education. This system can provide deep visibility to governing bodies at a university and student level to analyze their performance and hence gear up for future requirements. On the other hand E-Governance solution in the field of educational sector has changed the way administration is being done now. The solution incorporates whole data and processes of an educational Institution into a unified system, making the process uncomplicated, well-organized and error proof. The solution is designed to make the system user-friendly, time saving and cost saving also. Many of them are flexible enough to adapt to the changing educational environment efficiently and quickly. E-Governance helps in improving transparency, providing speedy information, dissemination, improving administrative efficiency and public services in all the aspects of education. Educational institutions may have various requirements that include computerization and management of processes such as registration, admission, student information, classes, time table, transport, attendance, library, salary and expenses, examinations, performance, grades, hostels, security and reports. Many of the software providers allow their clients to choose from the available modules to suit their needs. In this paper, an attempt has been made to discuss the concept of E-Governance and use of latest application and initiatives in education sector.


Abstract In this paper, we consider a prey-predator model with a reserve region of predator where generalist predator cannot enter. Based on the intake capacity of food and other factors, we introduce the predator population which consumes the prey population with Holling type-II functional response; and generalist predator population consumes the predator population with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response. The density-dependent mortality rate for prey and generalist predator are considered. The equilibria of proposed system are determined. Local stability for the system are discussed. The environmental carrying capacity is considered as a bifurcation parameter to evaluate Hopf bifurcation in the neighbourhood at an interior equilibrium point. Here the fishing effort is used as a control parameter to harvest the generalist predator population of the system. With the help of this control parameter, a dynamic framework is developed to investigate the optimal utilization of resources, sustainability properties of the stock and the resource rent. Finally, we present a numerical simulation to verify the analytical results, and the system is analyzed through graphical illustrations. The main findings with future research directions are described at last.


Out of four systemic insecticides viz., dimethoate, monocrotophos, imidacloprid and carhofuran applied as seedling root dip method against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on brinjal, imidacloprid proved most effective and recorded the lowest population (6.67 aud 6.00 adults/3 leaves) of whitefly after 30 days of transplanting in both 12 hand 24 h soaking periods, respectively. Data revealed that both 12 hand 24 h soaking periods were effective in controlling the whitefly population. In general 24 h of soaking proved better than 12 h of soaking.


Memory-page management system for tracking an access history concerning a storage unit with N memory pages with: - a managing device for managing the N memory pages, further comprising: - a page register unit for storing K storage units, each of which stores a one of the memory pages corresponding address data; and - a utilization rate register unit which is connected to the side register unit to monitor usage processes of the storage units; - wherein the number K is smaller than the number N.


By hybridization of restricted T. thernophilus DNA with a DNA probe containing the gene of T. Thermophilus elongation factor Tu, tufl, (1, 2) or with a bulk tRNA from the same organism the second gene of T. thermophilus elongation factor Tu, tuf2, was identified. As in the str operon of E. coli (3) tut2 gene is flanked upstream by four tRNA genes. These genes coding for tRNAs with anticodons UGU (threonine), GUA (tyrosine), CCC (glycine) and GGU (threonine) were sequenced. Their organisation and sequence is shown below. The tRNA sequences are underlined and their anticodons are indicated by full print. The 3'-ATG triplet of the non-coding strand corresponds to the N-terminal methionine code of tuf2 gene.


The Internet is a double edged sword——there are both advantages and disadvantages of the Internet on education. On the one hand, the Internet arouses the students interest of study and provides them with on line education environment; on the other hand, the Internet challenges the purpose of education, affects the students values, and changes what to be learned. How to use the Internet for education will be a new issue for the educators.


We describe the case of a patient who received the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the radio-treated skin of the sacrococcygeal region where an extramedullary plasmacytoma had been identified one year before. We think that the plasmacytoma was born by a malignant transformation of a host-inflammatory reaction to a not-detected epithelial tumor. It can also hypothesized that plasma-cell dyscrasia or post-radiation infiammatory reaction had promoved the squamous cell carcinoma occurrence.


Electronic spectra of octahedral complexes of the types, RhX3L3, RhX3QL2, [RhX2(N-N)L2]ClO4 and [HRhX(N-N)L2]ClO4 (X = Cl, Br; L = Ph2EtAs; Q = Py, p-tolyl isocyanide; N-N = bipy, phen) were investigated. In the complexes of the types, RhX3L3 and RhX3PyL2 only the 1A1 → 1T1 (d-d) transition is obs. and the 2A1 → 1T2 transition appears to have shifted to a higher energy region and is masked by charge-transfer bands. In the other complexes both these (d-d) transitions are obscured by the charge-transfer bands. Assignments were also made for the obsd. charge-transfer bands.


By using Kelvin's inversion, we construct analytical harmonic functions satisfying the zero-Neumann condition on the inner spherical wall everywhere except a single point where the velocity is infinite. This set of functions can be used to construct approximate velocity potentials associated with liquid sloshing in a spherical tank, and in other related hydrodynamic problems. c © Barnyak, Gavrilyuk, Hermann, Timokha


The loss of organisational and cultural memory in NHS trusts and the medical profession may underlie some failures to learn lessons, as well as problems of management, professional practice, identities and morale. I discuss these factors in the context of crisis management in the health service and in comparison with other professions. I critique some of the ways in which these problems are currently neglected or misunderstood and offer some alternative ideas for making lasting improvements in organisational and professional practice.


This paper discusses the goal of self-reliance for the Papua New Guinea economy, the natural resources available to the country to achieve this goal through foreign investment, and how such investment can benefit the national transport plan. Reference is made to development objectives in PNG, natural resources are documented and a history of their development and future prospects is given. Particular attention is given to transport infrastructure benefits derived from such developments. Some observations are made of deficiencies in past agreements and indications are given on how both foreign investor and Government could benefit from a more integrated approach.


Machine comprehension and question answering are central questions in natural language processing, as they require modeling interactions between the passage and the question. In this paper, we build on the multi-stage hierarchical process BiDAF described in Seo et al. (2017)'s Bi-Directional Attention Flow for Machine Comprehension. We utilize tools from the R-Net model described in R-Net: Machine Reading Comprehension with Self-Matching Networks, testing different combinations of model components. We experiment with different types of encoding, such as using a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) or a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and attention mechanisms, such as comparing context-query attention layers and contemplating the usage of gates. We ultimately introduce a modified form of BiDAF which utilizes both an LSTM and a CNN in its encoding layer, as well as BiDAF's context-query attention layer followed by R-Net's self-attention layer. We conduct various experiments on the SQuAD datasets, yielding competitive results on the CS224N SQuAD Leaderboard.


This research aims to determine the characteristics, the adsorption and the influence of the adsorbent from the leaves of pineapple (Ananas comosus) on the adsorption of metal Ag and Cu. The study is a basic experimental research. The subject the research is carbon from the pineapple leaves activated by the HCl 15% with a 24 hour immersion time. This research involved three steps. They are making carbon activated from pineapple leaves, characterizing the activated carbon and determine the adsorption towards Ag and Cu metal in the waste water of silver electroplating industry in Kotagede. The object of the research is the ability of the adsorbent from the pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaves for Cu and Ag adsorbs metals from the waste water of the silver industries in the town. The independent variable used is the amount of activated carbon, namely 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 grams per 100 mL of liquid waste. Time and pH on the adsorption were carried out under optimum conditions, the contact time of 24 hours and at pH 2. The characterization of the activated carbon used the parameters of the water content, ash and absorption of I2. The adsorption was determined by comparing the concentrations of Cu and Ag before and after the adsorption . The research findings showed that the activated carbon from the pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaves consisted of 0.6% of moisture content, 3.2% of ash content and the absorption of I2 73.67%. For Cu the optimum adsorption was obtained in the adsorbent mass of 2 gram/100 mL with the adsorption power of 69.07% and for Ag the optimum adsorption was obtained in the adsorbent mass of 1.5/100 mL with the adsorption power of 74.56%. The increase in mass of adsorbent increased the adsorption power. Key words: adsorbents, pineapple leaf, liquid waste


Vascular alterations are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Despite the impact of endothelial dysfunction on microcirculatory properties, little is known about the endothelial cell alteration during the development of diabetes. For that reason we monitored continuously in vivo functional and morphological alterations of the micorvasculature in normoglycaemic, hyperinsulinemic and hyperlpidaemic transgenic UCP1/DTA-mice with brown fat deficiency, using a dorsal skin-fold chamber preparation and fluorescence microscopy.
Our results demonstrate functional as well as morphological microvascular alterations in 12 week old UCP1/DTA mice characterized by normoglycaemic values with an impaired glucose-tolerance. Similar, but more advanced alterations have been found in elder UCP1/DTA mice with early stage diabetes. In opposite to 20 week old UCP1/DTA mice, at this early stage of metabolic dysfunction there were no alterations found in parameters such as BFR and LEI. Permeability is already at this stage increased, as well as vessel density, vessel diameter and vessel distribution. In summary these results underline the necessity to recognize and control hyperglycaemic peaks and hyperlipidaemia early, even before there is a clinical status of diabetes mellitus. The microvascular alterations found in the experiments with acute hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinimia and hyperlipidaemia in control mice, support the role of metabolic parameters in endothelial dysfunction.


For jurisprudence (doctrine and practice), the fundamental question of the principles of the nature of law is at the same time the question of the normative (special-legal) composition of law, the structure of its normative "substances" or a set of legal regulators. From the position of dominant views, legal regulators a priori recognize norms, or legal rules that are positive in legislation. This paradigm, which remains unshakable, is the basis of the assessment mechanism, the formed stable attitude to understanding the forms (sources) of law, the practice of making law enforcement decisions in situations of lack of legislation, as well as emerging defects in legal regulation, the need (validity) of the applicable norms. Rooted in Russian jurisprudence understanding of the principles of law as legal ideas" or more "general norms", while the latter are not presumed as a legal basis for making individual legal decisions in resolving specific cases, is hopelessly outdated and does not correspond to the needs of developing practice. A paradigm change regarding understanding the structure and composition of regulators of law objectively requires a solution to an issue of fundamental importance, a kind of sui generis, the answer to which the pillars of philosophy and theory of law tried to answer (L.A. Hart, R.ºDvorkin, M. van Hook, R. Alexi, etc.): whether the law consists only of norms or are they a part of this whole; whether the norms of law are always perceived by law enforcement authorities, primarily by the courts, as the only legal basis, given that the norm to be applied is either absent, or differs in legal uncertainty, inconsistency, that is, is invalid.


The number of online devices with on board sensors is growing steadily in the last years, leading to many solutions depending on data crowd-sourcing. In these scenarios, usually the collected data need to be transferred on a cloud infrastructure, where can later be aggregated and analyzed using specialized data processing algorithms. The simple task of data transfer becomes a problem in stressed environments such as space communication systems, drone monitoring or marine ecosystems, where the network connectivity is unstable and not available for long period of times. In this paper, we propose a novel Internet of Things (IoT) data transfer framework for cloud-based applications in delay tolerant environments. The framework implements a protocol that is i) elastic, taking advantage of short connection times; ii) lightweight, which makes it suitable for IoT devices; and iii) secure, which makes it a good choice also for applications with sensitive data. We evaluate the framework in a real system with a marine navigation application, demonstrating its benefits in terms of performance, resiliency, and security.


Background: The Russian Arctic covers an enormous landmass with diverse environments. It inhabits more than 20 different ethnic groups, all of them with various living conditions and food traditions. Indigenous populations with a traditional way of living are exposed to a large number of anthropogenic pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and toxic metals, mainly through the diet. Human monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals in the Russian Arctic has only been performed on irregular intervals over the past 15 years, thus, there is still a lack of baseline data from many ethnic groups and geographical regions. The aim of the current study was to investigate concentrations of POPs and toxic metals in three groups of indigenous people from the Russian Arctic. Plasma concentrations of POPs were measured in one of the locations (Nelmin-Nos) in 2001–2003 which gave the unique opportunity to compare concentrations over time in a small Russian arctic community. Methods During 2009 and early 2010, 209 blood samples were collected from three different study sites in North West Russia; Nelmin-Nos, Izhma and Usinsk. The three study sites are geographically separated and the inhabitants are expected to have different dietary habits and living conditions. All blood samples were analyzed for POPs and toxic metals. Results PCB 153 was present in highest concentrations of the 18 PCBs analyzed. p,p′-DDE and HCB were the two most dominating OC pesticides. Males had higher concentrations of PCB 138, 153 and 180 than women and age was a significant predictor of PCB 153, 180, HCB and p,p′-DDD. Males from Izhma had significantly higher concentrations of HCB than males from the other study sites and women from Usinsk had higher concentrations of p,p′-DDE. Parity was a significant predictor of p,p′-DDE. Hg and Pb concentrations increased with increasing age and males had significantly higher concentrations of Pb than women. The study group from Izhma had significantly higher concentrations of Cd when controlling for age and gender and the study group from Usinsk had higher concentrations of Se than the others. Compared to the results from Nelmin-Nos in 2001–2003, a clear decrease in p,p′-DDE concentrations for both women and men was observed. Conclusions The current study indicates a significant reduction of several PTSs in human blood samples from North West Russia over the past 10 years.


During the calculation and analysis of the strength of the hull structure,the flat-bulb steel is generally simplified into L –bar or T-bar structure.Nevertheless,the existing equivalent methods have some obvious problems.This paper mainly inferred two new equivalent methods which are subsequently compared with the existing equivalent methods.The results show that the two new equivalent methods are simpler and more accurate.In addition,this article calculated the ultimate strength of a ship section which includes large quantity flat-bulb steels as the strengthen structure via professional software named Mars2000.Three different simplified methods,including the existent one and two inferred in this paper,were used during the computation,which shows that,the first inferred equivalent method is the most reasonable one when calculating the ultimate strength of the hull structure.


New types of payment models have popped up recently, but payers have been slow to take notice. Here's why they need to take notice.


Improving Productivity in NC Lathe Turning Based on NC Program Diagnosis System (1st Report) Survey and Improvement on the Productivity in Turning Operations done in Manufacturing Industries by Using NC Program Simulator Keiichi SHIRASE, Masatoshi HIRAO, Takeshi YASUI, Hiroshi KAWABATA and Yoshio FUJIMURA An NC program simulator has been developed for evaluating productivity in NC lathe turning. Machining information about cutting parameters, tool paths and operating time are retrieved from an NC program by the simulator. These information are very useful in order to evaluate productivity in NC lathe turning. A total of 193 NC programs from 29 manufacturing companies are investigated their productivity by comparing the percentage of jog feeding time during turning operation. The result of the investigation shows that the jog feeding time occupies about 80% of total operation time on an average of 193 examples. The simulation of the revised NC programs using the touch and cut method which eliminates an air-cut travel during jog feeding shows that the operation time of the NC program can be reduced about 6% on an average. The cutting test for estimating tool life proved that the touch and cut method does not reduce the tool lifetime under the experimental cutting condition.


A covering array CA(N;t,k,v) of strength t is an N×k array of symbols from an alphabet of size v such that in every N×t subarray, every t ‐tuple occurs in at least one row. A covering array is optimal if it has the smallest possible N for given t , k , and v , and uniform if every symbol occurs ⌊N∕v⌋ or ⌈N∕v⌉ times in every column. Before this paper, the only known optimal covering arrays for t=2 were orthogonal arrays, covering arrays with v=2 constructed from Sperner's Theorem and the Erdős‐Ko‐Rado Theorem, and 11 other parameter sets with v>2 and N>v2 . In all these cases, there is a uniform covering array with the optimal size. It has been conjectured that there exists a uniform covering array of optimal size for all parameters. In this paper, a new lower bound as well as structural constraints for small uniform strength‐2 covering arrays is given. Moreover, covering arrays with small parameters are studied computationally. The size of an optimal strength‐2 covering array with v>2 and N>v2 is now known for 21 parameter sets. Our constructive results continue to support the conjecture.


All of Zhang Jian's works were published again in Taiwan and Hong Kong,but there are numbers of memoirs on Zhang Jian and his undertaking that have not been published in Chinese mainland.Zhang Jian's thought,polit-ical and industrial activities from the last decades of Qing dynasty to the first decades of the Public of China are still one of the study objectives in academic circles in Taiwan and Hong Kong.In the past,the acquaintance of Chinese in the mainland with such a study in Taiwan and Hong Kong has been limited.This situation is unbeneficial to the academic exchange and development.The memoirs by Zhang Jian's relatives,friends,provincials,follows,etc.and some involved relics are really the supplements to the historic data in mainland China.In a word,the relevant works in Taiwan and Hong Kong are more worth an observation.


Abstract Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) by legumes is an important source of N to agriculture, particularly under organic farming conditions. The objectives of this study were to document amounts of and variations in SNF under farming conditions in Finland, and to explore their determinants. SNF in perennial red clover–grass leys not amended with mineral N fertilizers was studied on 27 organic farms located in the southern and the north-western coastal regions of Finland. Ley growth subsequent to the harvest of the nurse crop fixed 38.6 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (SD = 25.2 kg N ha−1 yr−1). SNF in the accumulated first and second cuts of one- and two-year-old leys averaged 185.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (SD = 90.0 kg N ha−1 yr−1); fixation in the aftermath added 62.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (SD = 49.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1). SNF significantly increased from the first to the second cut. Owing to the poor persistence of clover, SNF declined with ley age. Between- and within-field coefficients of variation of SNF in one- and two-year-old leys averaged 51.1 and 51.8%, respectively, and increased with ley age. Variation of SNF within one- and two-year-old leys was significantly negatively related to amount of SNF on field level. SNF was significantly positively related to soil fertility parameters. Amounts of SNF were lower and between- and within-field variations of SNF were higher in the north-western as compared with the southern region. This difference was largely related to soil properties although the role of climate cannot be discarded. High between- and within-field variabilities of SNF suggest a need for amending within-field differences in soil fertility.


The development in technology opened the door of fiction and reached reality. Major medical applications deals on robot-assisted surgery and image guided surgery. Because of this, substantial research is going on to implement Augmented Reality (AR) in instruments which incorporate the surgeon's intuitive capabilities. Augmented reality is the grouping of virtual entity or 3D stuffs which are overlapped on live camera feed information. The decisive aim of augmented reality is to enhancing the virtual video and a 3D object onto a real world on which it will raise the person's conceptual understanding of the subject. In this paper we described a solution for initial prediction of tumour cells in MRI images of human brain using image processing technique the output of which will be the 3D sliced image of the human brain. The sliced image is then virtually embedded on the top of human head during the time of surgery so that the surgeon can exactly locate the spot to be operated. Before augmenting the 3D sliced image Artificial neural network is used to select the appropriate image that contains tumor automatically in order to make the system more efficient.


Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Author Contributions: P erez-Hern andez, Gonz alezP erez, Mart ınez-Riera: study concept and design, acquisition of subjects and data, analysis and interpretation of data, preparation of manuscript. Dur an-Castell on, Monereo-Mu~ noz, Mart ın-Gonz alez: acquisition of subjects and data. Santolaria-Fern andez: analysis and interpretation of data, preparation of manuscript. Sponsor0s Role: None.


The synthesis of monodisperse, highly crosslinked polystyrene (PS) particles with a radius of about 500 nm and larger is a challenging research in molecular chemistry. The most reliable synthesis route for this is dispersion polymerization and different groups are currently active in this field [1, 2]. They all have in common the use of divinylbenzene as a cross-linking agent. However, this choice creates problems when aiming for high degree of crosslinking due to the difference in the copolymerization parameters, since the reaction mechanism is similar to bulk or solution polymerization. To overcome these drawbacks we present a different approach. By using diisopropenylbenzene, which provides better copolymerization parameters [3], as a cross-linking agent a more homogeneous polymerization and network building of the resulting particles could be obtained for crosslink densities up to 1:50 (one crosslink per 50 monomer units).


Static and dynamical spin properties in a hole-doped one-dimensional Haldane chain system have been investigated by magnetization and neutron scattering measurements on antiferromagnetic Nd 2- x Ca...


Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been defined by the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS), as an intermittent breath of 100% of oxygen, while the treatment chamber is pressurized to a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure at sea level (more than 1 ATM). It is an approved medical application with widely increasing indications to treat various conditions including but not limited to, treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning, smoke inhalation, and enhancement of healing in selected problem wounds, necrotizing soft tissue infections and exceptional blood loss anemia.1 HBO therapy has significant physiological improvements for wound healing. Its effect was interpreted by amplifying oxygen gradients along the periphery of ischemic wounds, and promoting oxygendependent collagen matrix formation needed for angiogenesis.2,3 In addition, HBO has antibacterial effects by increasing generation of oxygen free radicals, which oxidize proteins and membrane lipids, damaging DNA of the bacteria and inhibiting the bacterial metabolic functions. It is effective particularly against anaerobes and facilitates the oxygen-dependent peroxidase system by which leukocytes kill bacteria. It also improves the oxygen-dependent transport of certain antibiotics across the bacterial cell walls.4,5 besides the medical applications, HBO has shown a good prognosis in various dental conditions. However, the application of HBO in dentistry requires more investigation. History of HBO therapyIt all started in 1662 before discovering the oxygen, when Dr. Henshaw, an English physician, built the first Hyperbaric Chamber by a sealed room called "domicilium". Since, the pressure was raised or lowered by a pair of organ bellows and series of valves.6 Ever since the 19th century and so on, the reported therapeutic effects of hyperbaric chamber were increasing and applied for treating various medical conditions. In the late 1880s, J. Leonard Corning, New York neurologist was the first to introduce "Compressed air paths" in the United States. The hyperbaric chamber was here operated with electricity powered air compressor. The resulted hyperbaric air was used as a facilitator in the treatment of nervous and mental conditions. After the First World War, using the hyperbaric air became more in treating conditions other than decompression sickness, such as influenza, glaucoma, diabetes, pernicious anemia, arthritis, syphilis and certain cases of cancers. In retrospect, the sensitivity of malignant cells to high doses of Oxygen was tested. In 1943, De Almeida found that implanted tumors in rats were "softened" after repeated exposures to 6.0 ATA oxygen. For humans, Better results were achieved when combining radiation therapy and HBO at 3.0 ATA. Gradually, the effectiveness of the HBO in treating various medical conditions were investigated and proven till it reached to a confirmed list of indications nowadays.7


Funding information Hakubi Project funding; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant/Award Numbers: 16K18616, 18H05074, 18K14789, 20H03325, 20H05001 Abstract Establishing the theory of language evolution is an ongoing challenge in science. One profitable approach in this regard is to seek the origins of linguistic capabilities by comparing language with the vocal communication systems of closely related relatives (i.e., the great apes). However, several key capabilities of language appear to be absent in non-human primates, which limits the range of studies, such as direct phylogenetic comparison. A further informative approach lies in identifying convergent features in phylogenetically distant animals and conducting comparative studies. This approach is particularly useful with respect to establishing general rules for the evolution of linguistic capabilities. In this article, I review recent findings on linguistic capabilities in a passerine bird species, the Japanese tit (Parus minor). Field experiments have revealed that Japanese tits produce unique alarm calls when encountering predatory snakes, which serve to enhance the visual attention of call receivers with respect to snake-like objects. Moreover, tits often combine discrete types of meaningful calls into fixed-ordered sequences according to an ordering rule, conveying a compositional message to receivers. These findings indicate that two core capabilities of language, namely, referentiality and compositionality, have independently evolved in the avian lineage. I describe how these linguistic capabilities can be examined under field conditions and discuss how such research may contribute to exploring the origins and evolution of language.


As a result of the information technology and the network technology development, the modern information technology and the network technology obtained the application gradually in the greenhouse environment control, The intellectualized greenhouse has aroused the more and more widespread interest in the world scope, and starts in the world scope to popularize, this article had pointed out the correspondence and the network technology in the greenhouse environment automatic control application, from this may see the intellectualized greenhouse the profound significance which brings for the facility agriculture development.


This group report summarises the following papers: accelerated road programmes for Australia (munro=rd); the apportionment of highway cost liability between different classes of traffic (shadwell=tg); economics of road improvements (pelensky=e and james=h and blunden=wr).


The present study investigates the influence of degradation effects due to natural aging of a pine wood by using acoustic birefringence measurements. In the present study, the acoustic anisotropy parameter for aged and un-aged Mexican pine (Pinus strobus) wood was calculated by the ultrasonic emission-transmission technique. The experimental measurements were carried out using a shear wave ultrasonic transducer with a central frequency of 0.5MHz. Ultrasonic velocity data and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed, establishing a direct correlation with the shear wave velocity and the acoustic anisotropy parameter developed on the naturally aged and un-aged wood.


Using a random sample of school leavers who had been in the labor market for some ten t o sixteen months, the wage expectations of the nonemployed in the sam ple are examined in the light of wages actually being earned by those in employment. The results suggest that for the young (age 16) and u nqualified wage expectations among the nonemployed may be somewhat hi gher than the actual earnings of similar young employed persons. Amon g the better qualified and for all older age groups, however, wage ex pectations are uniformly less than the wages being earned by equivale nt employed young persons. Copyright 1987 by Scottish Economic Society.


In some statistical methods, the statistical information is provided in terms of the values used by classical estimators, such as the sample mean and sample variance. These estimations are used in a second stage, usually in a classical manner, to be combined into a single value, as a weighted mean. Moreover, in many applied studies, the results are given in these terms, i.e., as summary data. In all of these cases, the individual observations are unknown; therefore, computing the usual robustness estimators with them to replace classical non-robust estimations by robust ones is not possible. In this paper, the use of the median of the distribution Fx¯ of the sample mean is proposed, assuming a location-scale contaminated normal model, where the parameters of Fx¯ are estimated with the classical estimations provided in the first stage. The estimator so defined is called median of the distribution of the mean, MdM. This new estimator is applied in Mendelian randomization, defining the new robust inverse weighted estimator, RIVW.


Objective To explore the course of misdiagnosis of nonspecific costochondritis and expecte to cut down the rate of misdiagnosis.Methods The data of 96 cases of nonspecific costochondritis which were misdiagnosed as other diseases Jan.2007 to Jun.2009 were analyzed retrospectively.Results In all 96 cases,87 cases were misdiagnosed as hyperplasia of mammary glands,6 cases as intercostal neuralgia,3 cases as neurosis.The interval time from first misdiagnosis to confirmed nonspecific costochondritis was 1 to 2 years.Conclusion Nonspecific costochondritis presents with severe breast pain and is easy to be misdiagnosed with hyperplasia of mammary glands.The disease can be confirmed through detailed patient history and examine.The region blockade with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and prolonged action-steroid hormone is the main treatment methods.


Summary form only given. A commercially available imaging system, using a 1030×1300 pixel, interline transfer CCD, is modified to produce a phase sensitive device that is also capable of reducing the level of integrated background light. The camera is able to extract a weakly modulated signal, that carries useful information, from a large amount of background intensity or DC offset. Based on initial results, the imaging system can reduce the integrated DC offset by an order of magnitude and detect a modulation depth of 10/sup -4/.


Along with the increase of the level of complexity, integration and intelligence of missile weapon system, prognostics and health management technology (PHM) has gotten more and more attention and application. The technology has become the key technology of increasing the reliability, testability, maintainability and supportability of missile weapon system. Doubtless, the higher requirements are put forward to the system testability design. Based on the prediction and health management needs of the new generation missile weapon system, and on foundation of the existing testability technology and the present situation of missile equipment testability design, system testability design technology for missile weapon system prognostics and health Management is introduced in the paper. The technology considers the testability design of missile weapon system from multidimensional to ensure that testability design indexes meet requirements, and to provide the foundation for PHM design.


ObjectiveAs plasmid with HCV core gene induces only very weak immune responses, enhancement of immune responses by cytokines can be beneficial to HCV vaccine.MethodWe had constructed various DNA plasmids that carried pc154 gene with or without GM-CSF gene in bicistronic plasmid. Balb/c mice were given injections of the plasmids intramuscularly. ResultGM-CSF and pc154 gene were co-expressed in Cos-7 cells. pcDNA3.0BApc154GM-CSF induced higher anti-HCV mean geometric titer than pcDNA3.0BApc154(P=0.04), but the titer induced by pcDNA3.0BApc154+ pcDNA3.0 BAGM-CSF was significantly lower than that by pcDNA3.0BApc154 (P0.01). T-cell proliferative activity for HCV C protein was also increased by co-immunizations of mice with bicistronic plasmid encoding for GM-CSF and pc154 gene. ConclusionHumoral and lympho-proliferative responses of HCV C gene can be augmented by GM-CSF in bicistronic vector.


The case study learning methodology has been used for more than 20 years in teaching science and engineering. This methodology is known to be highly effective in promoting students' understanding of the concepts and improving their ability to make connections between the concepts. In 2020 and 2021, the limited access to laboratory equipment and facilities due to the COVID-19 pandemic encouraged instructors to implement alternative methods. One of the alternatives considered in the current institution is the use of case studies to enhance students' understanding of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics topics during the online and hybrid implementations of those courses.
 In this study, an industry-based air-conditioning (AC) unit is facilitated to prepare a case study to teach refrigeration cycles in the laboratory part of thermodynamics. All four components of the AC unit, which include a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, are assembled on a single platform. In an actual application, the compressor and condenser are part of the outside unit while an evaporator and expansion valve would be located indoors. In the first phase of the case study, students analyze temperature and pressure data for the normal operation of the unit to understand the function of each component in the cycle. In addition, by using thermodynamics property tables, they determine enthalpy and entropy values at different stages of the process, generate a temperature versus entropy (T-s) diagram, and calculate the efficiency of the AC unit. In the second phase of the study, they are provided with temperature and pressure data collected for the cases corresponding to when there is a problem with the AC unit. They perform analysis of those cases. The examples of issues introduced include part of the condenser or evaporator coils being disabled or using a partially blocked air filter. The equipment used in the case study is modified by the manufacturer to simulate those issues. During data analysis, student teams are tasked with identifying the issue introduced by looking at the changes in temperature, pressure, and T-s diagram. This paper provides detailed information about the case study, data collection, and analysis.


The caries rates reported for Alaskan natives have had wide variances. Rosebury et ai noted a low prevalence of dental caries in the Kuskokwim Delta area (T. ROSEBURY and L. M. WAUGH, Amer J Dis Child 57:871-893, 1939; T. ROSEBuRY and K. MAXWELL, Amer J Dis Child 57:1343-1362, 1939). A more recent study (A. L. RUSSELL, C. F. CONSOLAZIO, and C. L. WHITE, J Dent Res 40:594-603, 1961) showed that there was a reduction in the DMFT rate with increasing age for males between the ages of 17 and 54. The younger group (17 to 19 years) had a DMFT rate of 10.2; the rate for the 45 and older age group was 6.8. The Division of Indian Health of the USPHS report for the fiscal year 1967 showed that the mean DMFT rate for Alaskan beneficiaries was 13.62. This study of the Eskimos of Wainwright, Alaska, was conducted during July 1968 and included 244 males and females. Examination was accomplished by one investigator using a mirror and explorer without the aid of X rays. Rather than the decreasing DMFT rate noted by Russell et al, there is a steady upward trend of the rate with a leveling off at approximately age 25. The rates noted in the table are not actually the DMFT rates, but rather the rates for decayed, missing, and filled permanent and deciduous teeth present at the time of examination, which expresses total caries experience. A great number of individ-


In this short paper, we show how to deduce several types of generating functions from Srivastava et al. [Appl. Set-Valued Anal. Optim. 1 (2019), 187–201] by the method of q-difference equations. Moreover, we build relations between transformation formulas and homogeneous q-difference equations.


ABSTRACT
A 2-year-old girl with history of high-risk neuroblastoma underwent 123I-MIBG, which showed increased 123I-MIBG in the left side of the head. Contrast-enhanced MRI and cerebral spine fluid cytology confirmed the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis.


ticularities of South Asian colonial pasts and the trends that became palpable at its postcolonial moment. In what historically specific ways has coloniality intersected with technology in South Asia? The particular questions of colonial power and exclusions, the autonomy of the subaltern voice, and the imagined futures as India at independence grappled with a new socio-economic order in the midst of colonial legacies call upon historians to make purposeful selection of archives and to deploy specific methods. These choices should determine the nature of South Asian technological history. In other words, a technological history of South Asia cannot simply be a history of technology "in South Asia," a one-sided imposition of historiography of technology on a new geographical site.1 The contributors to this volume agree that South Asia should not be treated simply as an empirical site to which the already existing analytics and methodologies of the broader field of history of technology can be "extended." Our implicit claim in writing these technological stories is that South Asia should be (and it already is) also a location to unravel new analytics and methods. The contributors thus aim to demonstrate how looking at the history of technology from South Asia changes what it means to do history of technology. Calling the approach followed by the contributors to this volume postMarxist and post-nationalist would be eminently inadequate, if a safe label. Just as much as they are distanced from older Marxist and nationalist


In this randomized, double-blinded study in 60 ASA I or II adults with >20% body-surface area thermal burns, we investigated the feasibility of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with fentanyl for pain management during dressing changes and determined the optimal PCA-fentanyl demand dose. An initial loading dose of IV fentanyl 1 μg/kg was administered. Patients received on-demand analgesia with fentanyl (10, 20, 30, and 40 μg) whenever their visual analog scale (VAS) score was >2. Mean VAS scores in the 10 and 20 μg groups (7.73 ± 1.33 and 7.20 ± 1.21, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the 30 and 40 μg groups (4.47 ± 0.83 and 3.90 ± 0.63, respectively) (all P = 0.000). Demand/delivery ratios were significantly larger in the 10 and 20 μg groups (3.03 ±1.06 and 2.54 ± 0.49, respectively) than those in the 30 and 40 μg groups (1.36 ±0.34 and 1.37 ±0.36, respectively) (all P =0.000). VAS scores and demand/delivery ratios were comparable in the 30 and 40 μg groups (P = 0.260 and P = 0.977, respectively), which suggests comparable analgesic efficacy. There was no hemodynamic instability or respiratory depression. The optimal demand dose of PCA-fentanyl was 30 μg (5-min lockout interval) after an initial loading dose of IV fentanyl 1 μg/kg.


We address the problem of optimal multi-agent path finding (MAPF) in this paper. The task is to find a set of actions for each agent in know terrain so that each agent arrives to its desired destination from a given starting position. Agents are not allowed to collide with each other along their paths. Furthermore, a solution that minimizes the total time is required. In this paper we study search-based algorithms that systematically explore state space. These algorithms require a good heuristic function that can improve the computational effectiveness by changing the order in which the states are expanded. We propose such new heuristic, which is based on relaxation of MAPF solving via its reduction to multi-commodity flow over time expanded graph. The multi-commodity flow is relaxed to single commodity flow, which can be solved in polynomial time. We show that our new heuristic is monotone and therefore can be used in search-based algorithms effectively. We also give theoretical analysis of the new heuristic and compare it experimentally with base-line heuristics that are often used.


University is always one of the hot spots for emergency. Furthermore, the continuous reform and development of higher institutions increase the occurring frequency. In light of the progress of global economic development, the paper starts with ensuring the lives and properties of teachers and students and sticks to the people-oriented concept. In addition, with the combination of Fauconnier's Conceptual Integration Theory, it focuses on constructing early warning system on emergency management at universities from the viewpoint of guiding principles and concepts of early warning system.


Indian women's are saved a lot after independence, from just an experienced homemaker; women today have gained skills and potential of not just because of being a homemaker but being at parity with their male counterpart. Moreover varying roles of women workers, they have preserved the conventional work culture of household. Now a day the Banking sector are thriving towards high rate that the women have to work for longer hours to sustain the standard of living and accomplish their basic needs. In spite of having the trending technologies and services, women feel to be work loaded and stressed. This study shows that a large number of bankers are facing high stress because of their job and the reasons behind this stress include long hours of working, improper reward system, lack of job autonomy, organizational culture, role conflict etc. and the main reason is because of lack of management support to employees. The employees can notice a number of symptoms indicate high level stress among them. However if these symptoms are not noticed in early Stage, they can cause serious problems to health among employees such as depression, heart problems, diabetes etc. Not only health but personal life of bankers are also being affected because of high job stress, most employees are unable to spend time at home or with family. However, with the help of proper management techniques by management, the bankers stress level can be reduced to great extent.


The main object of this study is to compare the results that have been concluded by the experiment and to estimate the temperature rise that can cause the contacting surface to be damaged. The former studies are based on the Blok and Jaeger formula. By these formulas we assume that two of the contacted objects are a kind of semi-infinite solid and with this assumption we can make a temperature analysis. But this method doesn't consider lubrication conditions and the calculation time requires a lot of time in that we have to face many difficulties in measuring the actual temperature rise. In this study we combines the semi-infinite solid method and the finite volume method to analyze the temperature of the contacting surface. And we measure temperature rise of the contact surface by dynamic thermocouple.