Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a disease that presents with concurrent thrombocytopenia and thrombophilia in the setting of heparin product usage. It is caused by heparin-induced antiplatelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies that bind PF4 (classically in the presence of heparin), forming large PF4-antibody com-plexes. Platelet and monocyte Fc receptors bind to the antibody Fc domains in these complexes, leading to platelet activation with release of procoagulant microparticles and expression of tissue factor by activated monocytes. The result is a consumptive coagulopathy with both thrombocytopenia and thrombophilia. 1 Acute HIT is associated with a high rate of arterial and venous thromboembolism in the fi rst month after diagnosis. 2-4 Heparin discontinuation alone is insuf fi cient to abrogate clotting risk, 5 and so the American Society of Hematology (ASH) 2018 guidelines recommend " discontinuation of heparin and initiation of non-heparin anticoagulant " 6 (p3375) for patients with newly diagnosed HIT. For patients without thrombosis at the time of diagnosis (isolated HIT), the ASH guidelines recommend continuation of nonheparin anticoagulation at therapeutic intensity, at least until platelet recovery, but for no longer than 3 months. In addition, the guidelines suggest " bilateral lower-extremity compression ultrasound to screen for asymptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) " 6 (p3364) in patients with acute isolated HIT (ie, no known thrombosis), as this may change the duration of anticoagulation. However, whereas the recommendation to stop heparin and start an alternative anticoagulant


One of the most important subjects of geomechanics research is finding mathematical relationships which could correctly describe behavior of the soil under loading. Safety of every engineering structure depends strongly on accuracy and correctness of this description. As laboratory tests show, macroscopic properties of soil are complicated. Therefore, working out appropriate load-settlement relationships is considered to be a very difficult geomechanics tasks to solve. A majority of constitutive models proposed to date concern mineral soils and there is very little research related to modelling organic soil behavior under loading. In case of organic soils, due to their very complicated and composite structure, constitutive models are often formulated empirically based on laboratory tests of particular soils. The authors of this paper propose a 1-D rheological structure which accounts for complex behavior of soil related to the settlement process. The model simulates immediate reversible elastic settlement and plastic soil deformation as well as primary and secondary (creep effect) consolidation. Material parameters of the model were determined by a curve fitting procedure applied for a natural scale settlement test of plate foundation. The test was carried out in soil conditions connected with Eemian geological structure of Warsaw, i.e., Eemian glacial tunnel valley in Warsaw called Żoliborz Glacial Tunnel Valley filled with organic soils being up to 20 metres thick. This area has lately become an object of interest of investors as a site for building construction.


Natural ventilation is an efficient design strategy that reduces the use of air conditioning significantly, especially in tropical countries like Brazil. Among the ventilation strategies, it highlight the sheds, openings in the coverage, which functions as air collector and extractor. The Brazilian architect Joao Filgueiras Lima, known as Lele, uses these devices to improve natural ventilation in most of his buildings. Lele has been designing sheds for almost fifty years and to improve the efficiency of these devices, these geometries have been modified. This paper analyses the Shed designs used in Lele's buildings. The analysis is done in three stages. First, a data survey in the collection of the architect's projects was performed. Second, the architect and his design team were interviewed. Finally, a design analysis was performed. Results show the great potential of sheds for natural ventilation and Lele's concern about improving the performance of these devices through the geometric changes.


Effect of four main thermodynamic cycle parameters,fan pressure ratio,overall pressure ratio,turbine entry temperature,bypass ratio and the match of each parameter on engine specific thrust and specific fuel consumption were carried out for high bypass turbofan ratio engine.After the parametric study the four main thermodynamic parameters and mass flow which suit the desired curise thrust and specific fuel consumption for a civil aircraft were selected.Then,based upon these design point parameters the gas path of main components was designed for high bypass ratio turbofan engine.Finally the diameter of fan,and the dimension of fan,compressors and turbines were decided,and the result was ideal.


Abstract : Technological advances in computer hardware and software have greatly improved the ability to simulate the complex information systems on which commanders depend to control warfare. The ability to generate data in real time introduces the capability to exercise both the individuals and the group in decision making in situations which approximate to the stressful conditions of war. The Battle Group Trainer (BGT) was developed to provide battalion and regimental commanders and their staffs with the opportunity to train collectively for their role. The BGT design included a high degree of environmental realism. However, the changing nature of the battlefield and the lack of recent experience of mechanised warfare makes the definition of the tasks to be carried out one of conjecture. To evaluate a Command group trainer it is therefore necessary to establish how accurately the skills used during training and the tasks for which these skills are used approximate to the 'real' situation. Three perspectives of the 'truth' are considered in an attempt to produce the criteria against which the BGT can be evaluated. (Author)


Everyone agrees we want good evidence to inform patient care, especially for those problems that are most common. Studies like the two in this issue on head lice treatment (p 446, p 451) help primary care clinicians and patients decide what to do. Similarly, Hanna Kaduszkiewicz and colleagues' systematic review of the effectiveness of drug treatment of Alzheimer's disease (p 459) will serve to decrease our expectations that significant benefits accrue from currently available cholinesterase inhibitors.

But we need evidence about more than which …


Disclosed is a tear extraction apparatus. The tear extraction apparatus of the present invention comprises: a stimulation unit for promoting the generation of tears; a collection unit for collecting the generated tears; a storage unit for storing the tears collected by the collection unit; and a mask unit for fixing the components such that the components tightly contact the face of a user. According to the present invention, the generation of tears is artificially induced, and the generated tears can be effectively collected to assist in analyzing said tears.


In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate and explore a method for preparation of salted and dried white sardine which would have organoleptically sound attributes viz., color, flavor, taste and texture. It could however be concluded from the results of present study that the sun dried pressed samples were in better condition than the unpressed sample.


T United States has experienced, during the past decade, a resurgence of interest in special education. Traceable to many factors, this interest OWes its greatest impetus perhaps to the widespread acceptance by school people of a philosophy which stresses the greatest development of every boy and girl according to his unique nature and to his needs. Emphasis is given, too, to the preparation of each of our 33,000,000 pupils for effective citizenship in a democratic society. Despite crowded classrooms, limited budgets, and inadequate teaching staffs, some important gains have been made in improving opportunities for pupils of limited physical or mental ability. Classes for the educable mentally handicapped are on the increase as are provisions for children having speech difficulties, hearing loss, and other physical defects or limitations. In the secondary as well as the elementary . school, the needs of the slow-learning pupil are receiving considerable attention. Yet much remains to be accomplished, for as reported in a recent survey by Jewett and Hull I only 57.6 per cent of the high schools studied had developed curricula for slow learners. Skilled teachers, enriched opportunities, encouragement, and sympathetic understanding in greater degree are needed to care more adequately for this group. . ' The continuing relative neglect of the intellectually superior pupil has become a matter of great concern to leaders in education, science, industry,


1. The salt marshes of northern Kansas are characterized by large areas absolutely destitute of vegetation; by the paucity of species around their margins; and by the entire absence of all woody plants. 2. The vegetation of the streams flowing through them consists of diatoms and the three sedges, Scirpus pungens Vahl., S. campestris Britton, and S. lacustris L. 3. The three characteristic plants in and about the barren portion are Distichlis maritima Raf., Polygonum ramosissimum Michx., and Suœda diffusa Watson, of which the Suæda is by far the least abundant 4. The plants which may be regarded as successful invaders are the following: Iva ciliata Willd., Sporobolus heterolepis Gray, Sporobolus Texanus Vasey, Atriplex expansa Watson, Aster multiflorus Ait., Ambrosia psilostachya DC., and Hordeum jubatum L. Sporobolus Texanus Vasey has never been reported, I believe, beyond the southern part of Kansas. Its abundance in the northern tier of counties of Kansas extends its northern limit nearly two hundred miles. 5. Among the less successful invaders which are quite common are the following. Panicum Crus-galli L., Panicum virgatum L., Euphorbia marginata Pursh, Euphorbia glyptosperma Engel, Chenopodium hybridum L., Polygonum Persicaria L., Polygonum Hydropiper L., Amarantus chlorostachys Willd., Datura Stramonium L., Solanum rostratum Dunal, Xanthium strumarium L., Helianthus annuus L., Œnothera biennis L., Gaura parviflora Dougl., Elymus Virginicus L., and Spartina cynosuroides Willd.


OBJECTIVE
Disparity in healthcare is widening in France. From the doctors' perspectives, their relationship with patients in a precarious economic situation raises a number of specific difficulties. The objective of this qualitative study of people in a precarious economic position, was to identify the specific challenges and aspects that can facilitate patient-doctor relationships.

METHOD
This qualitative study was based on a series of individual, semi-structured interviews between GPs and patients over the age of 18 years with a regular GP, and who were financially vulnerable (recipients of state benefits), and/or covered by universal complementary health care insurance, and/or who frequently attended charitable organisations for free food and clothes.

RESULTS
A total of 19 people were interviewed. The participants highlighted the expected human dimension: respect, charisma and open-mindedness. A high quality of receptiveness and communication also facilitated the relationship. On the other hand, lack of availability, an authoritative tone and intrusion hindered the relationship. The patients did not appear to have any additional demands related to their economic vulnerability.

CONCLUSION
In conversation with their GPs, the patients did not define themselves by their unstable financial position. The patients' experience and expectations in relation to interactions with their doctors appeared to be similar to those of the general population.


The present study assessed the inductory effects of ds‐ and ssRNA on the leukocyte production of proteins belonging to fibrinolytic and coagulation cascades. Murine splenocytes were stimulated with dsRNA [polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (polyIC)] and ssRNA sequences [polyinosinic acid (polyI), polycytidylic acid (polyC), and polyuridylic acid (polyU)]. The expression of plasminogen (Plg), tissue factor (TF), IL‐6, and IFN‐α was assessed. Intracellular tranduction mechanisms activated by oligonucleotides were evaluated using specific inhibitors of signaling pathways and genetically modified mice. polyIC efficiently and dose‐dependently induced the expression of Plg, IL‐6, and IFN‐α, whereas TF was not induced by polyIC. polyI was unable to trigger IFN‐α production, and it was efficiently inducing Plg and TF. IFN‐αR and dsRNA‐dependent protein kinase signaling were not required for the polyI‐induced production of Plg or TF. Neither polyU nor polyC induced the expression of Plg or TF. Importantly, the presence of U‐ and C‐nucleotide strands in the dsRNA significantly reduced expression of Plg and TF compared with polyI alone. Exposure of splenocytes to polyI activated the NF‐κB pathway followed by the expression of TF and IL‐6. In contrast, Plg production did not require NF‐κB, was only partly down‐regulated by p38 MAPK inhibitor, and was efficiently inhibited by insulin, indicating a different mechanism for its induction. ssRNA exerts its TF‐generating properties through NF‐κB activation in an IFN‐α‐independent manner. The expression of fibrinolytic versus coagulation proteins is regulated through distinctly different transduction pathways. As fibrinolytic and coagulation cascades are important components of inflammatory homeostatis, these findings might have importance for developement of new, targeted therapies.


Expansions are obtained for the two and three body 'modified' Ursell functions for a hard disc fluid in the semiclassical limit. These results are used to obtain a high temperature expansion for the density independent part of the radial distribution function and the first order density correction to it. Quantum corrections to the second and third virial coefficients are also discussed.


Children of immigrant parents often are asked to language broker, translating documents and face-to-face interactions, for their parents and other adults. Many individuals continue to language broker as adults for their parents and other relatives, despite their adult status and living away from home. Twenty Mexican American college students (female = 17, male = 3) who currently language broker answered a questionnaire about their experiences language brokering, frequency of brokering, type of items and situations translated, emotions when language brokering, self esteem and level of acculturation. Participants translated most often for parents, on the phone, and for grandparents and other relatives. Overall, participants reported feeling positively about their language brokering experiences. More frequent language brokering was associated with higher self-esteem. Participants rated feeling helpful, proud and useful when language brokering as the highest three emotions among a list of emotions. Feeling angry, anxious, frustrated, guilty and uncomfortable when language brokering was associated with more problematic family relations. Being more Mexican-oriented than Anglo-oriented in acculturation was associated with better family relations.


The article suggests that there are two different levels of skills and opportunities for professional interaction between a helping specialist and subjects of the educational process. The first level of skills involves ensuring safe interaction through the manifestation of tolerant attitudes and behaviour through the ethical regulation of activities within a professional role. The second level involves the emotional, personal inclusion of a specialist in professional interaction through the manifestation of special personal qualities (mercy, empathy, empathy), which provides a healing effect through deep personal interaction. Weanalyse Russian socio-cultural and ideological characteristics of help, based on mercy and empathy. European and Russian ideas about the content of the training of specialists in helping professions, going back to the peculiarities of the religious beliefs of three Christian denominations, which define the meaning of assistance both in the east and in the west, are compared. It is shown that the Russian experience of assistance focuses on the internal motives of help and sacrificial love, which provides a deep personal level of professional interaction. The conclusion is made about the need for a scientific study of traditional Russian experience in order to create programmes for developing future helpers with personal readiness education for effective professional interaction at the second level.


Issues related to effects caused by tax competition on EU Member States' economies have been and have continued to remain a current issue. In order to ensure proper functioning of the Single Market, the Member States have undertaken measures to eliminate tax competition in the field of indirect taxes and consumption. However, there still remain many steps to go in the direction of harmonizing the direct taxes, the remedies being unable to target only the EU Member States, in the context of the reality of the internationalization of capital flows.


The risks to life and plant are set out. Means for prevention are discussed in full and summarized in conclusion. In the main an endeavour has been made to collate present practice and to ventilate some demands which are in a nebulous stage, including the duplication of components, the changing over of live circuits, the meaning of the breaking-capacity rating of circuit breakers, the use and effect of reactances, charging resistances and lightning arresters, and the best means of economy in switchgear without loss of safety. In reviewing known automatic protective systems, stress is laid upon the importance of what has been termed, for the purpose of this paper, the "stability ratio." Stability takes precedence over sensitivity. In balanced automatic protective systems stability is jeopardized by influences, some of which are of recent discovery and have been brought to light by new conditions of service. They include the unbalancing effect of high-frequency oscillations on main lines, and interference by induction between the main line and the pilot line. Suitable remedies are available and have been applied. The relation of interference with telephone service and fault occurrences on power supply systems provides a further argument in favour of good bonding, earthing the neutral and the instantaneous isolation of faults. Mechanical consideration is given to the layout of switch-gear and to the terminal construction of plant, and a diagrammatic illustration of the alternator main, field, and neutral connections is shown.


Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development. In forests of deciduous trees, the autumn colors that develop during leaf senescence are of great aesthetic value. This process is also of great practical value because during leaf senescence, nutrients are recycled to other parts of the plant. For example, nitrogen from leaves of deciduous trees is used for the synthesis of storage proteins in stems that will support growth during the following spring (Clausen and Apel, 1991). However, in an agricultural setting, leaf senescence may limit yield in certain crops. Senescence also contributes to the postharvest loss of vegetable crops. Therefore, studying leaf senescence will not only contribute to our knowledge about this fundamental developmental process, but may also lead to ways of manipulating senescence for agricultural applications. There have been many physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies of leaf senescence. These studies show that during senescence leaf cells undergo highly coordinated changes in cell structure, metabolism, and gene expression. The earliest and most significant change in cell structure is the breakdown of the chloroplast, the organelle that contains up to 70% of the leaf protein. Metabolically, carbon assimilation (photosynthesis) is replaced by catabolism of chlorophyll and macromolecules such as proteins, membrane lipids, and RNA so that some of the released nutrients can be recycled. At the molecular level, these changes are accompanied by, or perhaps driven by, changes in gene expression. In this Update, we summarize physiological and biochemical studies that have contributed to the present understanding of leaf senescence, then we discuss current molecular investigations into the regulatory mechanism(s) underlying leaf senescence, and, finally, we review some molecular approaches toward the manipulation of leaf senescence.


The screw configuration of twin-screw extruder had some influence on the phase morphology of immiscible polymer blend. By installing the kneading block on the melt zone, changing the staggering angle of kneading block, HDPE/PS samples were on-line made at the end of the melt zone, and the morphological structures of the sample were investigated by means of SEM to study the influence of the staggering angle of kneading block on the phase morphology of immiscible polymer blend. The results showed kneading blocks with staggering angles of 30° and negative 60° had powerful dispersion and mixing ability.


ABSTRACT We analyse the main climatic impacts of military action; their scale and significance, the possibilities and practicalities of mitigating some of them, and the application of individual solutions based on international experience. Our objective is to assess the vector of the impact of military operations in Ukraine on the climate in terms of components, scale and level of danger and then consider effective solutions. In the light of international experience and the priority areas of post-war ecological restoration, we proffer practical proposals for post-war recovery.


Achieving a high frame rate in echocardiography is highly important for quantifying the short phases of the cardiac cycle that contain valuable information for medical diagnosis. Additionally, the 3D quantitative assessment of the heart would significantly improve the current measurements used in daily clinical routine. Nevertheless obtaining ultrafast images remains a challenge due to the trade-off between the image quality and a high frame rate, especially when volumetric data is acquired. Among the current ultrafast imaging methods, multi-linetransmit imaging (MLT) provides an increased frame rate but in the same time mostly preserves the image quality. In this paper we present the first real-time experimental implementation of the MLT in 3D ultrasound. The results indicate the potential of 3D MLT for achieving high contrast and resolution while increasing the frame rate. This study thus demonstrates the feasibility of 3D MLT in real-time and extends its possible applications to dynamic cardiac imaging.


The mine of the year 2020 will need to be based on a new way of mining. It will employ technology in a paradigm that assumes responsibility for sustainable development: taking account not only economic but also ecological and social issues. This will require a holistic approach to mine design and planning, considering all controlling factors and impacts (technical, economic, environmental and social). A national collaborative strategy is required to address the several options that exist for the development and application of 2020 mining technology. Key issues in implementing 2020 mining technology will also relate to human resources, in terms of employment, skills and education. A need exists to proactively prepare for 2020 through development of a comprehensive education and training strategy.


This paper presents the various multilevel inverter(MLI) topologies and compares their conventional and reduced switch topology for a five-level inverter. According to the results of the simulation, Reduced switch topology is constructed with the reduced switch, which causes switching losses to decrease as efficiency increases. The suggested topology reduces THD because it uses a phase disposition technique as the control scheme with a switching frequency of 10 kHz, which was utilised to create a computer-based model of both the standard and reduced switch five level single phase multilevel inverters.


Computer-generated environments have been established as valuable training media for both proximal-field object manipulation and wide-area navigation performance. This study investigates the potential of virtual environments-based computer training for near-field navigation accuracy. Results of this investigation revealed significantly greater performance accuracy in a real-world setting for subjects that were first trained in a virtual environment. In addition, three levels of rendered visual detail were compared for precision of movement within a virtual hallway: (1) untextured polygon surfaces, (2) untextured polygon surfaces with transverse floor gradient lines placed as visual cues, and (3) fully detailed, textured surfaces. Significant effects were found for visual detail in accuracy of movement production. Within the virtual environment, performance error in the undetailed setting was significantly higher as compared to the settings with visual cues and textures. Significant differences in real-world field performance were also found between the groups that were exposed to different levels of visual detail in computer training. Field performance was significantly superior for subjects trained with visual cues as compared to those trained in an untextured virtual setting. Evidence suggests that for movement production accuracy both within a virtual environment and in the real world, fully-detailed textured surfaces are not required in the rendered setting in order to obtain the best performance. Simple surface gradients serve as adequate visual cues for near-field navigation accuracy, while a lack of consistent visual cues can be detrimental to effective movement production.


Program comprehension is a very important skill a software engineer need. Many researchers conduct experiments on program comprehension in order to improve tools, documentation, and maintenance guidelines supporting program comprehension. Individual programmers' productivity might vary significantly even though they have similar background. Thus, the subjects' background is very important when conducting and analyzing experiments on program comprehension. The survey presented in this short Master thesis identifies subjects background information reported in software experiments on program comprehension. The background information reported in 24 articles was systematically analyzed in order to answer what kind of background information is reported and how the background information was used in the analysis. The articles reports many different background variables, but the overall impression of the background information reported in program comprehension experiments is that it is rather arbitrary and small. The analysis shows that there is a need for standards and guidelines of how to collect and report subjects' background information. The survey shows also that almost no background information of the subjects is used in the experiments' analysis. The articles in this survey provide so little information about the subjects' background that it is difficult to perform replications and meta-analysis. This thesis aims to make researchers more aware of the subjects' background in their experiments and reports. On the basis of the results of the analysis I have suggested background variables that should be collected in comprehension studies and proposed a background questionnaire. The questionnaire was used in an experiment with 24 subjects from the industry. I report here experiences with the questionnaire.


Despite the growing evidence of a possible link between asthma and food allergy (FA), so far, the involvement of food in inducing respiratory symptoms has not been fully evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of food allergens on respiratory symptoms and bronchial reactivity (BHR) in schoolchildren with asthma.


Manipulating human tools reliably would allow robots to perform a diverse set of useful tasks in human environments. However, human tools are often difficult to manipulate with simple robot grippers, particularly given the force requirements for applying the tool. This is often due to the mismatch between the gripper and the tool handle designed based on human factors. Our approach argues for modifying human environments based on robot factors so as to expand the robot's capabilities or improve the robustness of its existing capabilities. In this paper, we present a case study for applying this approach to robotic tool manipulation. We describe the design of a low-cost universal tool attachment that makes the tool gripper-friendly and demonstrate its utility in grasping, applying, and placing common cleaning tools.


We describe a low temperature, autogenous pressure method to synthesise mm-scale MgB2 aggregates with highly connected grains. The decomposition of metal borohydrides such as NaBH4 and KBH4 at low temperature (i.e. < 150 °C) in the presence of Mg provides reactive boron species at pressure and subsequent formation of MgB2 in high yield. Optimum synthesis conditions include heating to 250 °C for > 30 min then a ramp to 450 °C < Tmax < 500 °C and 1.4 MPa < Pmax < 2.2 MPa. Reactions with KBH4 release reactive boron species at higher temperature (∼130 °C) than reactions with NaBH4 (∼80 °C–100 °C). Alkali metal solubility in MgB2 is at ∼ppm levels. The onset superconducting transition temperature, Tc, for MgB2 produced by these syntheses ranges between 38.3 and 38.5 K. Magnetic measurements of MgB2 aggregates show a grain connectivity comparable to powders produced at higher temperature (> 800 °C) and suggests that this synthesis approach may be effective for ex situ wire production.


The article regards 'Daemon' by M. Lermontov as a compound epic poem, where the structural features of Byronic tale and mystery poems are combined with some dramatic effects whence the new type of Russian philosophical poem originates.


Paris - Two macroscopically observable features, hair diameter diversity and peripilar signs, have been shown to predict later hair loss in androgenic alopecia when the patient is still in the early stages of the condition, according to Olivier de Lacharriere, M.D., Ph.D.


: The growing demand for biofuels shows the need to significantly increase its production with high efficiency and in a sustainable way. This increase can be achieved with the full use of corn stalks and other biomasses. The lignocellulosic biomass has a high content of cellulose, which can be converted to different biocompounds. The great obstacle of this conversion is its complex chemical structure. So, the pretreatment of this material is a decisive step in the breakdown of its structure. This study evaluated the pretreatment through ultrasonic waves at the frequency of 40 kHz on corn stalk bran ( Zea mays ), using the experimental design methodology. The factors studied were liquid/solid ratio (3, 5, 7 g in 100 mL of H 2 O), exposure time (22.5, 40, 57.5 min), temperature of the reaction medium (20, 50, 80 °C) and ultrasonic bath power (20, 50, 80% of 132 W). After being submitted to the pretreatment, the biomass was analyzed through high performance liquid chromatography. The concentrations of glucose, xylose, cellobiose, arabinose, acetic acid, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural were determined in order to calculate the structural composition (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) of the material after the pretreatment. The statistical analysis of the experimental matrix showed that there were no significant changes in the composition of the pretreated biomass in the studied tracks. As the levels tested were very mild, the next step is to look for experimental conditions with higher irradiation energies of ultrasound waves, as well as higher exposure time and temperature of the reaction medium.


Milk samples were collected from a dairy farm in Hebei province and a strain bacteria was isolated.The morphological characteristic,incubation characteristic,biochemistry characteristic,pathogenicity and drug sensitivity of the isolation were detected.The results indicated that these characteristics were the same to Escherichia coli(E.coli).The isolated strain was sensitive to some drugs such as Kanamycin and Rocephin,but resistance to Streptomycin,Ampicillin,Oxacillin,Monensin.


In this paper a number of distinct issues that are of concern in the construction of an Eulerian or ALE algorithm by means of a Lagrangian step and separate remap are explored. First, the common advection test problems usually cited in the literature pertaining to limiter construction are not wholly suitable to accessing the advection quality of an Eulerian scheme. A more appropriate set of test problems are derived to satisfy this need. Next, the basic philosophy of an ALE algorithm is that it should function as close to the Lagrangian limit as possible, and should therefore approach that limit in a uniform manner. Certain difficulties with achieving this using a spatially staggered Lagrangian step (coordinates and velocity are point centered, density, internal energy, stresses, etc. are zone centered), particularly with regard to the update of subzonal pressure forces utilized in the Lagrangian step to control hourglass and other spurious grid motions, are discussed. An additional problem with the Lagrangian step occurs in 2D cylindrical geometry where so-called 'area-weight' differencing is used to obtain the limit of 1D spherical symmetry. Here the nodal mass, and thus the momentum and kinetic energy, is formed by a particular construct that does notmore » have any true volume associated with it. The proper treatment of this pecularity is given. Finally, advection on an unstructured grid may in certain instances be facilitated by means of an underlying structured one; situations where this may be preferred are briefly detailed.« less


This paper presents an assessment of methods to measure autonomously and continuously the water equivalent of snow cover. The presented data (one winter each on two sites) are augmented by a wealth of already published data, including own ones. This allows for a thorough analysis of pros and cons of these instruments that are increasingly used worldwide. Furthermore, an emerging, truly low-cost method based on FMCW radar is presented. These two last points form the major strength of the paper while I cannot really call it a 'review'.


Abstract: Research has been conducted on the application of organic and NPK fertilizer to increase the growth and yield of green eggplant which aims to find out (1) the influence of organic fertilizer on vegetative growth and yield of Green eggplant, (2) the effect of NPK fertilizer on vegetative growth and yield of Green Eggplant, (3) the effect of interaction between organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer on vegetative growth and yield of Green Eggplant. A Factorial design was used which consisted of 2 factors. The first factor is the dose of organic fertilizer and the second factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer. The treatment of organic fertilizer consists of 4 levels, namely: P0 = without giving organic fertilizer (control), P1 = giving 0.5 kg organic fertilizer /1 m2 land, P2 = giving 1.0 kg organic fertilizer /1 m2 land, P3 = giving 1.5 kg organic fertilizer/1 m2 land. NPK fertilizer consists of 5 levels namely: N0 = without NPK fertilizer (control), N1 = giving 5 gr NPK fertilizer/plant, P2 = giving 10 gr NPK fertilizer/plant, P3 = giving 15 gr NPK fertilizer/plant, P4 = giving 20 gr NPK fertilizer/plant. Growth parameters were stem height and length of green eggplant leaves. Yield parameters were fruit length and green eggplant fruit weight. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer has a significant effect on the growth and yield of green eggplant. The application of NPK fertilizer has a significant effect on the growth and yield of green eggplant. The interaction of organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer did not significantly affect the growth and yield of green eggplant. Key Words: organic fertilizer; NPK fertilizer; growth and production of green eggplant.


The use of social media for information dissemination for education, environmental movement, natural disasters, emergency, election campaign, grass root movements, non-profit organisations, public health communication, and marketing for health promotion, e-governance, and political revolutions is well known. The economic significance of the health and medical tourism sector in the global healthcare business should not be underestimated. Internet is playing a leading role as a platform for the dissemination of medical tourism business information. In this century, more and more actual and potential tourists are accessing the internet and social media applications to find and disseminate factual information regarding medical tourism facilitators, destinations, super-speciality hospitals, specialist doctors and nurses, quality and accreditation, accommodation facility, cost, waiting period for surgery and sharing their positive and negative experiences to inform potential medical tourists. Healthcare providers and medical tourists acquire information, create, collaborate, communicate and disseminate healthcare and medical tourism related information through the Word-of-Social-Media (WoSM) tools such as FaceBook, Flickr, Twitter, Blogs, Forums, YouTube patient testimonials, Google Plus, LinkedIn, Photo and video sharing, Alexa and mobile applications. Therefore social media has a great potential as an information source and a knowledge dissemination tool for tourism industry to network and create clusters locally and globally, to exploit new innovative technologies for interaction and collaboration between the healthcare providers as well as the medical tourists. The main contribution of this chapter is to explore and discuss the role and use of social media applications for knowledge dissemination by hospitals and the medical tourists in the global business of medical tourism in India. The Role of Social Media for Knowledge Dissemination in Medical Tourism: A Case of India


JSC "NIUIF", the oldest (founded in 1919) and the only one in Russia scientific research institute for phosphorus containing fertilizers, developed an innovative flexible technology of production of slow release NPKS / PKSfertilizers with a controlled dissolution rate and controlled nutrient supply into the soil solution. These fertilizers are environmentally safe, nonradioactive; practically do not contain compounds of harmful heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, chromium, etc.). Besides the main nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) they also contain sulfur and calcium in a plant available form. The dissolution rate is regulated by changing the ratio between the water soluble and plant-available forms of phosphorus, as well as by addition of ammonium salts. The technology is waste free, moreover, it allows to process wastes and by-products of other production units: phosphogypsum, conversion chalk, cake from sodium tripolyphosphate production, sludge sand, etc. These fertilizers were successfully tested by the International Institute of Plant Nutrition and in the Russian Agricultural Academy named after K.A.Timiryazev to prove its high agronomic efficiency. The technology is protected by three patents of the Russian Federation. Based on the design documentation developed by JSC "NIUIF", NPKS / PKSfertilizer plant was built and successfully set into operation at "Metakhim" plant (Volkhov city, Leningrad Region).


This work introduces a systematic identification, characterization and propagation of the uncertainties present in debris flow hazards analysis, with the aim of populating a joint probability density function of the input parameters of a given debris flow model, when conditioned on field observations. From this distribution, likely model responses would allow for generating best estimates and confidence measures of extreme run-out distances. To demonstrate the implementation of this method, a two-dimensional dynamic run-out model is considered that solves the conservation equations of mass and momentum. This general methodology facilitates the consistent combination of physical models with the available observations. Expected outputs like extension, depth and velocity can be used as input into vulnerability and quantitative risk analysis for risk mapping and regulatory zoning. The outlined procedure provides a useful way to produce hazard or risk maps for the typical case where historical records are either poorly documented or even completely lacking, as well as characterizing the confidence limits on the zoning of interest.


Combretum leprosum Mart. is a medicinal species of the Brazilian savanna with good potential potential for use in the regeneration of degraded areas, mainly because it is resistant to burning. This study aimed to evaluate the fruit and seed morphometry, emergence and early plant development of C. leprosum. The seeds of C. leprosum were extracted from mature fruits from five different mother plants in Mossoró-RN. The fruit and seeds lots varied in length, diameter and mass and mother plant 1 had the lowest seed diameters and mass and also the lower averages for all evaluated characteristics of the seedlings. Seeds of mother plant 2, 3 and 5 had a short period of emergence. There was variation in emergence rates among the individuals. Combretum leprosum individuals has variability in emergence and biometrics of seeds, and these characteristics influence the quality of seedlings.


Introduction: In addition to the instability of the knee joint, injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) leads to a functional deficit in the form of diminished proprioception of the knee joint. The purpose of this study was to compare knee proprioception in athletes with an ACL injury and healthy athletes.
Materials and Methods: The participants  in this cross-sectional  study were 26 athletes  with an ACL injury and 24 healthy athletes who were selected from the orthopedic clinic at Baqiyatallah Hospital in 2019, Tehran City, Iran. Cooper or non-Cooper subjects with ACL injury were identified via the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS). The  knee proprioception of all participants was recorded using a system consisting of digital photography, non-reflective markers, and Digimizer software.
Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between groups in the absolute error of knee joint reconstruction at both 45° and 90° angles.
Conclusion: The data of the study showed that in comparison with healthy athletes, the knee joint proprioception of athletes with an ACL injury is not different and has the same function.


The gas-phase pyrolysis of three secondary acetates in the temperature range of 290-350°C and the pressure range of 40-236 mm Hg reveals a homogeneous first-order law and unimolecular elimination. The rate constants are given by the following Arrhenius equations: isopropyl fluoroacetate:

isopropyl chloroacetate:

isopropyl iodoacetate:

The differences in rates I > Br > Cl > F apparently question previous assumptions where the pyrolyses of esters follow the same sequence as acid strength. The experimental data give a good correlation with σ* values, where ρ* = -1.85 at 330°C. Some kind of discrete bond polarization at the CαO bond of the acetate in the cyclic transition state seems to be involved in this type of reactions.


This article revaluates Brazilian theorist Rosemary Arrojo's reading of "Pierre Menard, autor del Quijote", by Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges, proposing that her claims might be excessive, and calling into question the extent to which "Pierre Menard" can be read as a piece on translation. The first section briefly sketches deconstruction's view on language and Arrojos' own work; the second summarizes Arrojo's analysis as contained in Oficina de traducao ; the third exposes its limitations: its allegorical nature, its drawing upon a problematically amalgamating take on reading , interpretation and translation , the story's difficult alignment with certain logocentric tenets and internal limitations of logocentrism's take on language; the final section evaluates the role of George Steiner's commentary on the short story as formative of the opinion that "Pierre Menard" is about translation.


The changing of axial forces in columns of high rise buildings under earthquake is not negligible. Plastic deformations in different degrees of freedom happening in the same cross section of a column are coupled. Fiber Model works well in calculating the coupled deformations in reinforced concrete columns, which is verified by the comparison between test and calculation results of 7 specimens of RC column under 7 different biaxial loading paths in this paper.


We examined effects of pravastatin on age‐related changes in mitochondrial function in rats. Decline in the activity of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain was observed in diaphragm and psoai major in rats aged 35 and 55 weeks, and that of complex IV in rats aged 55 weeks. Pravastatin accelerated significantly age‐related decline in the activity of complex I of diaphragm mitochondria, though pravastatin did not show significant effect on normally observed age‐associated decline in the activities of complex IV of psoal major and diaphragm mitochondria. Aginng effect on mitochondrial respiratory function was not observed on heart muscle and liver in rats up to 55 weeks old, and pravastatin did not effect significantly heart and liver mitochondrial respiratory function. From these results, careful clinical examination on respiratory muscle function should be necessary in patients treated with pravastatin particularly in elderly patients.


Cells dissociated from neural retina of 3.5‐day‐old chick embryos transdifferentiated extensively into lens cells under the conditions of a cell culture for 3 to 4 weeks. In early satges of cell culture by about 10 days, cultures consisted of small round cells often with cytoplasmic processes(N‐cells) and flattened epithelial cells (E‐cells). Only N‐cells were stained with a fluorescent dye Merocyanine 540. When cells harvested from early cultures were separated into two fractions by centrifugation in Percoll gradient, the specific activity of choline acetyltransferase was much higher in the fraction consisting mainly of N‐cells than in other fraction mainly of E‐cells. Continuous daily observations as well as cinematographic observations of living cultures indicate that lentoid bodies were often formed in the locations where clusters of N‐cells had been found in early stages of culturing. The possibility of transdifferentiation of N‐cell clusters into lentoid bodies is discussed.


Nanoarchitectonics has been paid much attention as an emerging concept to architect functional materials from molecular and nanounits through the combination of nanotechnology-oriented strategies and supramolecular-chemistry-like methodologies. This perspective article aims to figure out important keys for materials nanoarchitectonics. In the initial part, recent trends in materials nanoarchitectonics upon supramolecular self-assembly are overviewed. The overview processes extract several key words including dynamic natures, dimensional controls, and interfacial processes according to the following sections: (i) preparation of assembled structures and conversion into nanostructured materials, (ii) dynamic structural transformation to hierarchic materials, and (iii) material preparation and functions with dynamic flows at interfacial media. Not limited to the material production, dynamic processes at the interface can be also connected with forefront functions such as tuning of molecular receptors and mechanical controls. This perspective article can conclude that fabrication of functional materials and controls of nanosystems would be well-considered on the basis of these three key terms.Nanoarchitectonics has been paid much attention as an emerging concept to architect functional materials from molecular and nanounits through the combination of nanotechnology-oriented strategies and supramolecular-chemistry-like methodologies. This perspective article aims to figure out important keys for materials nanoarchitectonics. In the initial part, recent trends in materials nanoarchitectonics upon supramolecular self-assembly are overviewed. The overview processes extract several key words including dynamic natures, dimensional controls, and interfacial processes according to the following sections: (i) preparation of assembled structures and conversion into nanostructured materials, (ii) dynamic structural transformation to hierarchic materials, and (iii) material preparation and functions with dynamic flows at interfacial media. Not limited to the material production, dynamic processes at the interface can be also connected with forefront functions such as tuning of molecular receptors and mech...


The purpose of the study was to discover the behaviour of painted wooden panels when subjected to rapid changes in ambient humidity. The reactions (in particular warping and shrinkage) of five samples when subjected to sudden hygrometric stresses were studied. The final experimental data led to a number of important observations on shrinkage and warping coefficients of painted wooden panels. In particular, the absolute necessity of spreading a protective substance on the backs of the panel paintings was stressed in order to ensure good conservation.


Documents issued by the government such as public tenders or policy documents often lack consistent semantics, which leads to ambiguities and misinterpretations. Take for example granting subsidies to companies. The conditions for entitlement to a subsidy are checked against the government's authentic data sources. However, the various governments and administrations have different definitions of, for instance, a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME), which can be derived from a European legal framework or a financial perspective. The absence of uniform definitions for these terms results in a lot of duplicate efforts for both the government and the entrepreneur. To tackle the problem of semantics, Flanders founded an interoperability program, Open Standards for Linked Organizations (OSLO) whose primary goal is to ensure that systems exchanging data can use a common vocabulary. However, despite the results made by OSLO, they do not reach policy-makers working mainly on the legal and organizational levels. We developed two tools to close this gap and make semantic agreements available at these levels. With OSLO Lookup, we provide a simple user interface that lets users query the semantics assets, while the OSLO365 plugin allows embedding the semantic assets in a Microsoft Word document. To assess the relevance and usability of these tools, servants of a local administration were interviewed. This paper outlines that semantic agreements that are mainly used on the data level can provide added value at an organizational and legal level as well.


Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) was evaluated for total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant, tannin, color, and sensory properties of fresh Barhi dates. Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) with different perforations (0 [H0], 50 µm [H3], 100 µm [H6], and 150 µm [H9]) were evaluated for storing fresh Barhi dates for up to 45 days at 1 to 25°C temperature. MAP significantly (p ≤.05) affected the properties investigated as compared to control. PE dates have higher (p ≤.05) TPC than PP dates, whereas other properties remained largely unaffected by packaging material. TPC and antioxidant activity were higher (p ≤.05) in H0 treated dates. H9 perforated packaged dates exhibited higher (p ≤.05) tannin contents, better sensory and color attributes. Barhi dates exhibited fresh-like quality and better antioxidant properties at low storage temperature (5°C) for up to 2 weeks' storage and similar was verified by principal component analysis using HJ plots where storage temperature was observed as major factor. Practical applications: Modified atmosphere packaging or MAP is an emerging technique for preserving fresh fruits and vegetables and it is being studied extensively for different fresh commodities in order to preserve their fresh like characteristics. There is a need to study MAP effects on storing new and economically important fruits such as Barhi dates which have shorter life in early stages of maturity but cherished when freshly harvested due to various health benefits and characteristic taste and quality. MAP was effectively tested and applied for preserving Barhi dates and MAP variables were evaluated in order to find the best packaging conditions which may ensure maximum consumer benefits and date quality.


Objective The effect of exercise on the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the coronary vessels of rats was studied. Method Sixty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, low intensity exercise group, moderate intensity exercise group and high intensity exercise group. The expression of CGRP in coronary vessel was investigated using immunohistochemistry and the technique of computer image analysis. Results There was no significant difference for the expression of CGRP in coronary vessels between low intensity group and control group, but much higher in moderate intensity exercise group than in control group(P0.05), much lower in high intensity exercise group than in control group (P0.05). Conclusion The long-term moderate intensity exercise upregulates the expression of CGRP in coronary vessels to improve the blood supply of coronary vessels.


This study examines how spatial metaphors work as narrative tools within and across stories told by three HIV-positive men. i A four-step methodology is employed through which stories are identified, analyzed, and checked for validity.Informed primarily by Kenneth Burke's theory of dramatism, analysis reveals recurring use of spatial referents used by participants to portray themselves as boundary crossers in both literal and metaphorical senses of the term. The study concludes that the full import of the spatial metaphor is not in the referent itself, but in the dramatic tension between participants' frustration with divisive barriers, on one hand, and the fact that the same divisions have empowered participants to become self-actualized advocates, on the other.


The scaling behavior of surface soil moisture variance is presented across spatial scales of observation from 1 × 1 km2 to 140 × 140 km2. Semi‐variograms were used to analyze the spatial correlation in remotely sensed soil moisture data from SGP97. Results indicate that a nested correlation structure exists within regional scale fields. Three representative semi‐variograms were chosen to calculate the scaling of soil moisture variance with increasing support scale. While previous research at smaller scales (<1 km2) revealed that soil moisture variance follows a power law decay with increasing support area, we show that in the presence of significant spatial correlation at the larger scales studied here, a power law relationship no longer holds. Rather, the type of correlation function and correlation length play an important role in the relationship between soil moisture variance and support area. We suggest that understanding the spatial correlation pattern of soil moisture across scales is critical for characterizing the scaling behavior of soil moisture variance.


This paper presents an emergent process model of conflict enactment in new venture teams. The analysis is based on the inductive study of conflict process in three new venture teams over six months, leveraging a unique combination of interviews, video recorded observations and analysis of online chat conversations among team members. The analysis advances team conflict research by offering a novel conceptualization of team conflict, one that complements the prevalent focus on conflict content. Moreover, by introducing the concept of team voice as a regulatory mechanism underlying productive conflict process, the analysis challenges some fundamental assumptions of how conflicts are productively solved. The essence of this idea being that it is not conflict, argument, or negative affect that destroys a team, but rather the absence of positive conversations.


Song Dynasty is a very important period in the history of Chinese painting.It shows that the academy of painting in Song Dynasty not only has the realism of the royal,but also has the characteristic of the "poetry containing painting" with aesthetic principle.This article explains the characteristics of the "poetry containing painting" of the academy of painting in Song Dynasty from Guo Xi 's painting of "Early Spring".


The volcanomagnetic monitoring is critically dependent on the ability to detect and isolate magnetic variations related to volcanic activity. Accurate detection of volcanomagnetic anomalies attributable to the volcano's dynamics requires removing from measurements of the earth's magnetic field, fluctuations of external origin which may be up to hundreds of nanotesla during geomagnetic storms. The commonly used method of taking simple differences of the total intensity with respect to the simultaneous value at a remote reference is partially successful. Variations in the difference fields arise principally from contrasting electromagnetic properties at magnetometer sites. To improve the noise reduction of geomagnetic data from magnetic network of Mt Etna we developed an adaptive filtering. Magnetic vector data are included as input to the filter, to account for the orientation of the disturbance field. The filter is able to estimate and rectify the model parameters continuously by means of new observations, so that predictions match the observed data. The error of state estimation has been decreased and the filtering accuracy improved. Experimental data collected on Mt Etna during 2010 are analyzed to relate the field variation at a given station to the field at other sites filtering out undesired noise and enhancing signal-to-noise ratio. Page 1 of 23 URL: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tgnh Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 or Peer Rview O ly


New observations by the ISEE 1 plasma wave receiver reveal heretofore unreported details of the nonthermal continuum radiation from the earth. In particular, the higher frequency escaping component shows temporal and spectral features which are quite different from those of the lower frequency trapped emission. The higher frequency component is often clearly separated in frequency from the trapped component and high resolution spectrograms show that the escaping radiation consists of numerous narrowband emissions which drift slowly in frequency with time. The higher frequency component also exhibits greater temporal and spatial variability in both amplitude and frequency although the temporal variations are still quite smooth when compared to the more intense and higher frequency auroral kilometric radiation. Evidence is presented which clearly shows a direct connection between intense electrostatic emissions near the upper hybrid frequency and the escaping continuum radiation and strongly suggests the latter electromagnetic emission is generated through mode coupling with the upper hybrid waves. The new ISEE observations of the escaping continuum radiation from the earth strongly suggest a close correspondence with the newly reported narrowband kilometric radiation from Jupiter. Both emissions are relatively narrowband and show slow variations in amplitude with time. In both cases, the narrowband radiation lies above the trapped continuum radiation and below the intense extraordinary mode emissions (auroral kilometric radiation at the earth and decametric radiation at Jupiter). Evidence from both planets suggests the radiation is generated by intense electrostatic waves near the upper hybrid resonance frequency in the vicinity of the plasmapause at the earth and at the outer edge of the Io plasma torus at Jupiter.


Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of sublingual administration of nifedipine and intravenous injection of urapidil in the treatment of hypertensive emergency.Methods: A total of 195 patients with hypertensive emergency admitted from August 2008 to May 2011 were selected,among whom 125 were treated with blingual administration of nifedipine and 70 with intravenous injection of urapidil.The changes of blood pressure(systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure) and heart rate at the time before injection and 5 min,10 min,30 min,60 min,120 min,180 min after administration were observed.Results: In urapidil group,the blood pressure significantly dropped 5 min after injection(P0.05),and reached and maintained the maximal peak 30 min after injection.The total efficacy was 92.9%,and no change of heart rate was observed.In nifedipine group,the blood pressure started to drop 5 min after injection(P0.05),and reached the maximal peak 30 min after injection,but began to elevate at 3 h.The total efficacy was 77.6%,and heart rate was increased as decreasing blood pressure.Conclusions: Intravenous injection of urapidil shows better therapeutic effect than sublingual administration of nifedipine and is more suitable for the treatment of hypertensive emergency


After annealing treatment of stainless steel and stainless steel charged with tritium,the positron annihilation lifetime(PAL) spectrum is applied to investigate the interaction between helium and defects.From the results of calculation and experiment,it can be deduced that in the stainless steel not charged with tritium,PAL is affected mainly by the segregation of impurities in the grain boundary;while in the stainless steel charged with tritium,when T300 ℃,the increase of τ_2 indicates that helium bubbles nucleate and grow by loop punching,so called athermal mechanism;when(T300 ℃),the decrease of τ_2 indicates that helium migrates to the crystal boundaries;when T(600 ℃),vacancies become active.The increase of τ_2 indicates that the vacancies combine with helium in crystals.


In this work we treat the space-time discretization of the generalized Stokes equations in the case of Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove error estimates in the case $p\in[\frac{2d}{d+2},\infty)$ that are independent of the degeneracy parameter $\delta\in[0,\delta_0]$. For $p\leq 2$, our convergence rate is optimal.


In this paper, stochastic sizing of a stand-alone Photovoltaic/Hydrokinetic/Hydrogen storage energy system is performed with aim of minimizing the cost of project life span (COPL) and satisfying the reliability index as probability of load shortage (POLS). The stochastic sizing is implemented using a novel framework considering two-point estimate method (2m+1 PEM) and improved gradient-based optimizer (IGBO). The 2m+1 PEM is used to evaluate the impact of uncertainties of energy resource generation and system demand on sizing problem. The 2m+1 PEM utilizes the approximate method to account for these uncertainties. In order to avoid premature convergence, the gradient-based optimizer (GBO), a meta-heuristic algorithm influenced by Newtonian concepts, is enhanced using a dynamic lens-imaging learning approach. The size of the system devices, which is determined utilizing the IGBO with the COPL minimization and optimally satisfying the POLS, is one of the optimization variables. The results of three hPV/HKT/FC, hPV/FC, and hHKT/FC configurations of the system are presented in two situations of deterministic and stochastic sizing without and with taking uncertainty into consideration. The findings showed that the hPV/HKT/FC configuration and the IGBO performed better than other configurations and techniques like conventional GBO, particle swarm optimization (PSO), and artificial electric field algorithm (AEFA) to achieve the lowest COPL and POLS (higher reliability) in various cases. Additionally, the COPL for the hPV/HKT/FC, hPV/FC, and hHKT/FC configurations increased by 7.63%, 7.57%, and 7.65%, respectively, while the POLS fell by 5.01%, 4.48%, and 4.59%, respectively, contrasted to the deterministic sizing, according to the results of stochastic sizing based on 2m+1 PEM. As a result, the findings indicate that in the deterministic sizing model, the quantity of output and energy storage is insufficient to meet demand under unknown circumstances. Applying stochastic sizing while taking into account the volatility of both supply and demand can, therefore, be an economically sound way to meet demand.


Very soon, when a large scale quantum computer is built, the modern public-key cryptography we know today will soon be broken by Shor's algorithm[Sho99]. Follow NIST's standardization call, many post-quantum cryptography software submissions are implemented in a secure way to thwart side-channel attack. In this paper, we discuss the techniques used in Post-Quantum Cryptography implementation to counter CWE-208.


High gain GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) are being used in a variety of electrical and optical short pulse applications. The highest power application, which we are developing, is a compact, repetitive, short pulse linear induction accelerator. The array of PCSS, which drive the accelerator, will switch 75 kA and 250 kV in 30 ns long pulses at 50 Hz. The accelerator will produce a 700 kV, 7kA electron beam for industrial and military applications. In the low power regime, these switches are being used to switch 400 A and 5 kV to drive laser diode arrays which produce 100 ps optical pulses. These short optical pulses are for military and commercial applications in optical and electrical range sensing, 3D laser radar, and high speed imaging. Both types of these applications demand a better understanding of the switch properties to increase switch lifetime, reduce jitter, optimize optical triggering, and improve overall switch performance. These applications and experiments on the fundamental behavior of high gain GaAs switches is discussed. Open shutter, infra-red images and time-resolved Schlieren images of the current filaments, which form during high gain switching, are presented. Results from optical triggering experiments to produce multiple, diffuse filaments for high current repetitive switching are described.


Abstract Spin-polarized β-active 23Ne (T1/2 = 37.2s) nuclei were created by capture of polarized cold neutrons in solid and liquid neon. The angular asymmetry of the β-radiation was used to monitor the nuclear polarization. From nuclear magnetic resonance curves the value for the dipole moment |μ(23Ne)| = 1.079(1) n.m. (uncorrected) was obtained which is more precise than the literature value. Comparing the measured spin-lattice relaxation rates with those of stable 21Ne the nuclear quadrupole moment of 23N e was determined. It agrees with a shell model calculation. The feasibility of 23Ne-β-NMR for investigations in condensed rare gases in demonstrated.


A mathematical model is explored to establish the electroosmotic flow for Cu-wa-ter nanoliquids within a ciliated symmetric micro-channel, the flow is established with aid of ciliary motion and axial pressure gradient. Nanofluid comprise of Cu as a nanofluid particles and water as base fluid. Maxwell-Garnelt model is exploited for viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanoliquid. Magnetic field is applied in the transverse direction and external electric field is enforced in the axial direction. Equations of motion are simplified for nanofluid flow in the micro-channel by employing low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation theory. Crucial exact analytical expression are gathered for electric potential, temperature profile, axial velocity, volume flux, pressure gradient, stream function, and result for pressure rise per wavelength explored numerically. The influence of crucial flow parameters on, flow behaviour, pumping phenomena, and temperature profile are thoroughly investigated.


The way in which the individual may learn and what we perceive it to be may be very different indeed. In times of stress the ability to remember important information is hampered. In clinical practice it seems that patients have difficulty remembering what is told to them about their chemotherapy treatment plan during their education and for this reason we were trying to establish if the way in which we provide the information to them needs to be improved. At the Calvary Mater Newcastle standard practice is to provide patients with a separate outpatient education appointment on a day other than their first treatment. A quality survey was sent to 80 patients who had commenced intravenous chemotherapy in the preceding 6 months. The aim was to assess if patients received and understood information given during education The survey contained 19 questions and understanding was measured using a likert scale. Additional information was also asked to identify if patients were treated as inpatients or outpatients, to identify wait times between education and commencement of treatment and also if they attended education alone. Of the surveys sent there was a 49% response rate and of these responders 70% either agreed or strongly agreed that the education appointment was beneficial. From the small sample size it could be hypothesised then that the majority of patients received both written and verbal information on chemotherapy treatments and side effects and had a high level of understanding of the chemotherapy education received.


Your Name: ____________________________________________________________________________ M.D._____ D.O._____ First Middle Last Home Address: ___________________________________________________ City, ST, Zip: ____________________________ Phone #: ______________________________________ Email Address _______________________________________________________________ (required to receive login for members-only content of MSD website and for communications.) Send my MSD mail to: □ My HOME address □ The HOSPITAL BIOGRAPHICAL DATA Date of Birth _______/_______/_________ Gender: □ Male □ Female MM DD YYYY U.S. Citizen □ YES □ NO If no, please explain your status in the U.S. _______________________________________ EDUCATION/TRAINING


The aim of this study is to show the influence of the repulsive part of the intermolecular potential on the thermodynamical properties of hot gases at high pressures. For this purpose, a new model of equation of state, based on intermolecular potentials, has been built for gases at high temperature throughout a large range of pressure (1 bar to 0.5 Mbar). Two equations of state, based on this model, are compared in order to show the influence of the repulsive exponent of the potential on the thermodynamic properties of detonation products. Calculated results are compared to experimental data.


The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how experiential learning theory was applied in Islamic religious education during the covid-19 epidemic. Interviews and observations are used to acquire primary data, whereas documentation studies obtain secondary data. This research was conducted at SMP Takhassus Al-Qur'an Tarub Tegal and SMA N 1 Karanggede, Boyolali. The data validity test is accomplished by triangulating the data analysis sources utilizing Miles and Huberman analysis, which consists of three stages: data reduction, data visualization, and data verification. The findings indicated that experiential learning theory might be applied to pandemic education in four stages: tangible experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation, both offline and online learning. Experience-based Islamic religious education helps students learn, comprehend, live, and practice Islamic teachings.


Nitrogen is considered to be transported from Earth′s surface to the top of the lower mantle through subduction. However, little is known on the transportation and fate of subducted nitrogen to the Earth′s interior during slab‐mantle interactions. In this study, the stability of subducted sedimentary nitrogen in the reduced mantle was investigated to 35 GPa and 1600 K by laser‐heated diamond anvil cell experiments and first‐principles calculations. Our results showed that subducted nitrogen‐bearing silicates and fluids could not coexist with the metallic iron or iron‐rich alloys, and reacted with them to form different products at high pressure‐temperature conditions. Combining our results with previous data, we re‐determined the relative stability of iron‐light element binary compounds to 35 GPa and 1600 K to be Fe‐O > Fe‐N > Fe‐S > Fe‐C. This stability sequence contributes to explaining the observation that iron nitrides are trapped as inclusions in sulfur‐depleted lower‐mantle diamonds and are absent in sulfur‐rich ones. The recycling efficiency of subducted sedimentary nitrogen is strongly related to the availability of the metallic iron of the reduced mantle. Hydration of the metallic iron limits the storage of nitrogen in it and contributes to recycling nitrogen to Earth′s surface. Therefore, unlike subducted continental sediments, subducted marine sediments are unlikely to transport a large amount of surficial nitrogen to the metallic iron of the reduced mantle in which nitrogen could reside over long geologic periods.


This paper is organized in four parts: the first part points out the characteristics of the vertical organizations of PDO-PGI supply chains, which justify calling them "vertical alliances"; the second part deals with the choice of a relevant economic model to analyze markets and supply chains of real products. We integrate in a single theoretical corpus all the assumptions of the neo-classical model and the work that has been done during one century for modifying the hypotheses of the model. Contributions of New-Institutional Economics as for the assumptions of information and rationality show the prospects and open the field of the diversity of the organizational choices of the markets. On this basis, the third part shows the benefit brought by vertical alliances of PDO-PGI supply chains to the producers and small processors, compared to conventional markets. Finally, we raise the issue of the consequences of our analysis as regards antitrust policy and agricultural policy. Key-Words: imperfections of conventional markets, theoretical economic model, newinstitutional economics, PDO-PGI products, vertical alliances 1 PDO: Protected Designation of Origin; PGI Protected Geographical Indication EU regulation 2081/92. 80th EAAE Seminar « New Policies and Institutions for European Agriculture » Ghent, 24-26 September 2003


The new economic order has made development with decentralized development policies impossible and necessitated using regional development policies based on local authorities' governance. In this respect, Turkey has had the chance to get acquainted with regional development policies within the process of full membership to the European Union. The present study assesses the utility of rural tourism in suburban development within the framework of EU accession process and developmental schemes After all, Turkey has a rich potential in terms of rural tourism. However, in order to make the most of this potential, local authorities should cooperate with local economic units, universities, non-governmental organizations in a more effective way.


Risk management is evolving into a broader, more general, management role in organisations. This emerging form, called organisation risk management (ORM), seeks to manage all organisation risks in an integrated, comprehensive and strategic manner. The public sector has been somewhat slow to adopt both this view and practice, but changing political, social and economic pressures are forcing public authorities to provide better services with increasingly limited resources; and these pressures, in turn, are heightening the awareness of the value in managing the cost of risk. This paper introduces and develops the ORM concept, and provides a specific application that is a critical issue for the modern police authority — employment risk. In discussing this employment risk, the paper offers both a method for analysing risks generally and a set of risk management principles that apply to the actual management of all organisational risks.


Nowadays, it is possible to design very secure systems for key distribution. According to quantum cryptography, which is based on the properties of quantum mechanics, quantum key distribution systems are the most secure way to exchange private keys. This document leads you towards the understanding of these systems.


Disclosed is a method in which optimal vacuum-degassing conditions are used when a molten glass is vacuum-degassed using a chloride-based clarificant.
The method for vacuum-degassing a molten glass comprises passing the molten glass through a vacuum-degassing tank, the inside of which is kept in a vacuum state, to thereby vacuum-degas the molten glass. The method is characterized in that the molten glass is an alkali-free glass, and that the internal pressure of the vacuum-degassing tank during the vacuum degassing is kept not higher than the bubble growth initiation pressure for the molten glass, P bg (mmHg), but not lower than the reboiling pressure for the molten glass, P rb (mmHg).


Due to acute shortage of calf rennet in recent years fungal rennets have received wide acceptability as calf rennet substitutes. A potent strain of Mucor miehei, a thermophilic fungus, was cultivated under Solid State fermentation conditions for the first time. The effect of some important nutritional parameters on the first time. the effect of some important nutritional parameters on the production of milk clotting activity was investigated. Milk clotting enzyme also known as acid protease is obtained from fungi and is similar to either pepsin or chymosin. Chymosin is the main milk clotting component of the calf rennet or rennet extract. It is known that the action of chymosin on kappa casein of milk is primarily responsible for the formation of cheese coagulation (Anstrup 1980). Studies were conducted in submerged fermentation conditions and found that rennet production on solid state fermentation was cheaper than produced in submerged fermentation. The proteolytic activity of rennet produced in submerged fermentation and solid state fermentation was also compared, and reported that rennet produced on solid state fermentation was having less proteolytic activity than the submerged grown culture. The effect of some important nutritional parameters on the production of milk clotting activity was investigated. Six complex type carbon sources were tried and wheat flour at 90:10 ratio gave a milk clotting activity of 34000 SU/g of dry moldy bran. Among the inorganicand organic nitrogen sources tried, organic sources favored higher enzyme production. The maximum milk clotting enzyme activity obtained was 58,000 su/g. The euzyme had a high ratio of milk clotting to proteolytic activity comparable to the commercial fungal rennets in the market. The cheese prepared from the enzyme was favorably evaluated in organoleptic tests.


Previous researchers have demonstrated that the transmission of surface waves is effective to estimate the depth of a surface‐breaking crack in solids. However, most of the results were obtained using a well‐defined crack (or notch) in laboratory. In fact, there is a critical gap to apply the theory to surface‐breaking cracks in concrete structures subjected to external loadings where the cracks are generally ill‐defined, and partially closed. In this study, the authors investigated transmission coefficients of surface waves across a partially closed surface‐breaking crack in concrete subjected to monotonically increasing compressive loadings. First, a concrete beam (0.5×0.154×2.1 m3) having two surface‐breaking cracks with various crack widths was prepared in laboratory. Second, transmission coefficients of impact‐induced surface waves were measured across a surface‐breaking crack in the concrete beam with increasing compressive loadings from 0 to 140kN (10% of the ultimate compressive strength of the co...


Tourism is considered to be one of the world's largest service industries yielding sizeable benefits to the economy of a place. It is an important tool for generating employment, alleviating poverty and attaining sustainable development. It is also an important stimulant for facilitating the growth of infrastructure, exploring the various unexplored areas and resources of a region, particularly the rural areas, thus offering vast tourism development potential besides sustaining the life, culture, identity and the ecosystem of the tourist location. There is also an injection of foreign exchange earnings to the country and the region through the foreign tourist arrivals. Rural tourism has also gained wide popularity in the recent decades particularly for those tourists visiting for leisure and adventure. The North Eastern Region has been termed as 'paradise unexplored'. The tourism industry is a good resource potential for the region with its diverse culture and identity, ecosystem and way of life of the people. The North-East region of India also has rich bio-geographic areas which has a vast potential for developing ecotourism. India's Look East Policy and the 'Incredible India' campaign are important prerequisites for boosting rural tourism in the region which will not only ensure a mutually enriching experience between the tourists and the local people but it can also help to uplift the socio-economic conditions of the people in the region through such


Abstract : The dependence of the dichroic ratio of a number of absorption bands of the IR-spectrum of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) within the range of 1000-2300/cm, on the degree of directionalized drawing, was obtained. An experimental correlation between the tensile strength and the dichroic ratio of the absorption band at 1247/cm of PAN was established. Based on the use of the indirect method of investigating the structure, the assumption is made that PAN is a two-phase amorphous-crystalline system. (Author)


Do bacteria handle stress better than us? Do bacteria have stress too? Are they able to deal with stress? If so, how do bacteria deal with stress? Certainly, bacteria experience stress too. Bacterial stress can be chemical (caused by toxic, harmful compounds e.g. antibiotics), or physical (caused by heat or harsh environment). Bacteria are pretty smart to handle stress. They have developed specific responses against different stresses and use different mechanisms to sense the stress and to rapidly adapt to changed environment. One known stress regulator is called Spx which respond to stress-induced damage in bacterial cells. Under non-stress conditions, Spx is degraded by a protein complex called ClpXP. Spx has a degradation tag by which ClpXP can recognize Spx. During stress conditions, Spx accumulates in the cells in order to adapt to the stress. We wanted to investigate how some mutations (changes) in the degradation tag of Spx affect the recognition by the ClpXP proteolytic chamber. To see the effect I introduced the changed degradation tag of Spx in bacterial cells and grew them in special media where accumulation of Spx resulted in blue color of the cells whereas less blue color indicates less Spx in the cells. By observing the intensity of blue color (Fig 1), we found that the length of the degradation tag affect access to the ClpXP protease. Spx with a shorter tag is accumulated in the cells due to poor degradation; hence, they showed more blue color (Fig 1B). Additionally, the properties of amino acid residues which are present in the degradation tag of Spx also affect the accession to the ClpXP degradation chamber (Fig 1A). The findings illustrate how bacterial cells can cope with stress by using the Spx/ClpXP degradation mechanism. Some pathogenic bacteria also use Spx/ClpXP to survive in the presence of antibiotics. The results of these and other basic studies may provide background knowledge necessary for development of new ways to combat harmful bacteria. Master's Degree Project in Molecular Biology 60 credits 2018 Department of Biology, Lund University Advisor: Claes von Wachenfeldt, Department of Biology (Less)


We obtain a lower bound for a number of primes in tuples. As applications, we obtain a lower bound for the Romanoff type representation functions.


【Objective and Method】A comprehensive analysis was performed on the driving factors behind evolution of farming systems in oases of Xinjiang,based on Xinjiang agriculture statistical reports.【Result】The results showed that the continuing evolution was the consequence of many factors acting synthetically on the farming systems.【Conclusion】The direct drivers came from the agriculture development policies of both national and regional government;the progress in science and technology and the vast materials put into farmland improved farmland productivity level,which provided the assurance and condition for farming systems reform.Nowadays,in oases of Xinjiang,farming systems,which was centered at the earliest time by the increase in grain crops yield primarily;and then by relying mainly on grain crops yield, while supplemented by industrial crops;and then by weighing both grain crops and industrial crops equally in 1990s,is developing into a new pattern that is featured by weighing both grain crops and industrial crops equally alongside a rapidly developing of forest and fruit trees industry.


Blasphemous curses are an unreflexive mode of discourse often regarded by anthropologists and informants alike as too trivial to merit detailed analysis. A common Greek mode of blasphemy organises social relationships in a segmentary pattern which runs counter to the unities of official ideology. A comparison of the idiom as it occurs in two Greek villages suggests that it is sufficiently flexible to accommodate some local transformations of social norms.


Discussing the relationship between "Chi" and "Spirit", through Chang Tsai' "Chi", can find that Chinese culture is a kind concept of "One thing has two bodies" in "body and spirit" theory. They are not unrelated. Taoist and Confucianism also have the concept to use "Chi" for the material to set up the world, and then they also have the thinking habit to consider the world is a successive unity. But their caring of "humanistic" are different. Confucianism affirms the world is a morality field, and the source of human morality also comes from heaven, and the "Chi" is a key for cultivating one's moral character. Taoist performs "Tao" through surging "Chi", and also has scare of "dividing", and wants to return to "Tao" by any time. And then Chang Tsai's "Chi" not only affirms material's valuable, affirms the integration of "Chi" and "Spirit" as a basis for human subjectivity's standing upright, but also performs a kind of confidence for humanistic, and a kind of steady conviction without fear, staunch spirit to face reality's hardship and danger, in the process of "Chi's" gathering and scattering.


The increased diversity of contemporary societies has multiplied the number of claims to accommodate new pluralities, particularly those related to language and religion, in different contexts of e...


Objective To study the distribution of nerve growth inhibitor Nogo-A protein in the central nervous system(CNS) of neonatal rats and discuss the relationship between Nogo-A protein and the CNS developing of newborn rats. Methods Totally 30 seven-days normal rats were enrolled in this study. Then we study the expression character at different sites such as cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord with immunohistochemistry and image analysis system. Results At the CNS of newborn rats, the expression of Nogo-A protein is very broad, especially dense at the!third layer of cerebrum cortex, hippocampus, cerebel cone cell layer, front and back corner of spinal cord. Conclusions In different area of central nervous system, the density and expression character of Nogo-A protein were different, the reasons may be Nogo-A protein expressed in several types of cells, and the regeneration ability of each tissue were different.


Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disorderf afflicting multiple organ systems (Jung et al., 2014; Park et al., 2015). It is characterized by the resistance of cells to insulin, leading to hyperglycemia (Ved and Shah, 2012). This disorder is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications that in the long-term can lead to morbidity and mortality (Valensi et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2013).


Summary Objective: We presented the rate of abdominal complications in patients operated on with for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass to know risk factors and which required surgical treatment. Material and methods: There were treated 1,967 patients with open heart surgery from January 1996 to January1998. The patient chart was reviewed to detect clinical signs of abdominal complication such as pain, tenderness, rebound, or X-ray film evidence. Results: There were three patients with abdominal complications (rate 0.0015). Two patients (66%) were treated for aorto coronary by-pass grafting and one patient (33%) was submitted to valvular surgery. There were two perforations of duodenum and jejunum and one acute cholecystitis. Cardiopulmonary bypass lasted 1 h and time of aortic crossclamping was 1 h; one patient died (33%) due to perforation of the jejunum. Rate of complications (0.0015) was less than in the literature reviewed (0.4-2%) because some did not need surgical management and mortality (33.3%) was similar to literature reviewed (14-44%).


The paper presents a carbon budget and future carbon-sequestration potential of the natural forests of erstwhile Madhya Pradesh (India). The forest type classification is based on open- (cover 40% and above). Trees contributed 95.72% and 93.09% biomass towards total biomass for dense- and open-canopy forests, respectively. Bole contributed 75.72% and 71% biomass for open and dense forests, respectively. Total bole biomass accumulation was 633.363 million tonnes, which was 68% of the total biomass accumulation in M. P. forests. NPP total was 6.887 and 3.242 t ha -1 yr -1 for dense and open canopy forests, respectively. NEP of open canopy forests is 34% of dense canopy forests. Litter stocks (t ha -l ) were 1.562 for dense and 1.276 for open forests. Total carbon pool (million tonnes) in standing crop was 363.01 for dense- and 80.30 for open-forests. The contribution of litter- and soil-carbon was 9.425 and 167.83 million tonnes, respectively. Dense- and open-forests contributed 247.40 and 56.61 million tonnes bole carbon to the total carbon pool. The carbon flux as NPP total (t ha -1 yr -1 ) was 3.305 for dense- and 1.56 for open - forest with an average of 2.606. NPPtree carbon was 2.024 (dense), 0.625 (open) and 1.464 (average). NEP values for carbon accumulation rate (t ha -1 yr -l ) were 0.531, 0.172 and 0.377 for dense, open and average of two, respectively. NPP total carbon including fine root production was 4.336 t ha -l yr -1 while carbon release as heterotrophic respiration was 4.50 t ha -1 yr -l . It shows that present M.P. forests are the source of carbon. The average rate of carbon accumulation was 1.058xl0 6 t yr -1 during past 17 years till 1999. However, since 1988, the store of woody vegetation declined @ 0.365×10 6 t yr -1 . Therefore, forests of M.P. were sink in 1980s shifted to source 1990s. Open canopy forests had great potential for sequestrating more carbon as they are still sequestrating only 30% and 47% carbon as total tree and total carbon of total potential.


Vocal Traditions is a series in the Voice and Speech Review that highlights historically impor-tant voice teachers and schools of thought in the world of vocal pedagogy. This essay explores the background of Steiner Speech, the philosophical overview, and the key features.


A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of trace levels cadmium in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry was developed. It is based on the online sorption of Cd(II) ions on a microcolumn packed with HCl treated bamboo charcoal. In a pH range of 5.0–7.5, Cd(II) ions were effectively retained on the microcolumn, which exhibited fast kinetics, permitting the use of high sample flow rates up to at least 12.8 mL/min without the loss of retention efficiency. The retained Cd(II) ions were quantitatively eluted with HCl (2.0 mol/L) for an online determination. With a preconcentration time of 80 s at a sample loading flow rate of 8.6 mL/min, a sensitivity enhancement factor of 63 was obtained compared with the slope of the linear portion of the calibration curves before and after preconcentration. The calibration graph using the preconcentration system for cadmium was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997, at levels from 1–40 ng/mL. The precision (RSD) for 11 replicate measurements were 3.2% for the determination of 5 ng/mL Cd(II) and 1.8% for 20 ng/mL Cd(II), respectively, and the detection limit (3s) was 0.36 ng/mL. The accuracy was assessed through the determination of a certified reference material, and also through recovery experiments.


The complex-formation reaction of hydroxycalix[ n ]arene- p -sulfonates, H_j 1 _n^n–( n =4,8; j = n /2, n =6; j =2), with various metal ions were studied while focusing on the uranyl ion, UO_2^2+, by the pH-titration method at 25ʰC and m =0.1. From the pH-titration data for H_j 1 _n^n–, the acid-dissociation constants were determined to be as follows: p K _a1=3.25, p K _a2=12.8 for H_2 1 _4^4–, p K _a1=3.28, p K _a2=4.86 for H_2 1 _6^6–, and p K _a1=3.73, p K _a2=4.39, p K _a3=8.07, p K _a4=10.1 for H_4 1 _8^8–. These results indicate that the present ligands are relatively strong multi-protonic acids which release j mol of proton from one mol of ligand, H_j 1 _ n n–, having n mol of hydroxyl group in a weakly acidic-to-alkaline aqueous solution. The tetramer ligand, H_2 1 _4^4– formed two unstable 1:2 (UO_2^2+:ligand) complexes, [(UO_2^2+)( 1 _4^6–)_2(H^+)]^9– and [(UO_2^2+)( 1 _4^6–)_2]^10–, and a hexamer ligand, H_2 1 _6^6– formed four 1:1 complex species, such as [(UO_2^2+)( 1 _6^8–)]^6–, [(UO_2^2+)( 1 _6^8–)(H^+)_–1]^7–, [(UO_2^2+)( 1 _6^8–)(H^+)_–2]^8–, and [(UO_2^2+)( 1 _6^8–)(H^+)_–3]^9– with UO_2^2+. Their selective reactivity to UO_2^2+ over other various metal ions was evaluated based on their p K _a values, stability constants and the compositions of the complexes including that for the octamer ligand, H_4 1 _8^8–, for which the complex-formation reactions with various metal ions were already studied and found to form an extremely stable 2:1 complex, [(UO_2^2+)_2( 1 _8^12–)(H^+)_–3]^11–.


Aninterval exchange transformation isapiece- wise order-preserving isometry ofafinite interval. Inprevious works theauthor hasreduced certain questions about interval exchange transformations toquestions about theergodic behavior ofarelated class oftransformations, with domain thebody ofall interval exchange transformations. Thelatter questions canbe answered with theaidofGauss measures fortherelated trans- formations; byGauss measure isunderstood aconservative, er- godic invariant measure whose density isarational function. The present note describes theconstruction ofsuch Gauss measures. Denote byir(E6m) apermutation j-- rrj, 1-<i m;denote byA(EAm) avector inR'with positive coordinates; andsetJAI = AJ.The(Air) interval exchange, T= T(A,, ,),isdefined piecewise on(O,IAI) by wi-1 Tx= x+ j=l il i-l i A -lj AjE Aj' x<E Aj, 1ci'm. j=l j=l


In recent decades, different types of plasma sources have been used for various types of plasma processing, such as, etching and thin film deposition. The critical parameter for effective plasma processing is high plasma density. One type of high density plasma source is Microwave sheath-Voltage combination Plasma (MVP). In the present investigation, a better design of MVP source is reported, in which over-dense plasma is generated for low input microwave powers. The results indicate that the length of plasma column increases significantly with increase in input microwave power.


As the field of UCBT expanded exponentially a parallel evolution was seen in the system of cord blood banking. There are at least 142 public and 25 private UCB banks the world over with 3 public and 7 private banks located in India [4]. The private banks store approximately 900,000 UCB units as compared to a mere 400,000 units available in the public banks [5], highlighting a great divide. The futility of storage of UCB for autologous use is well recognized by the medical fraternity bringing it much obloquy. Currently, the indications for autologous UCBT in the pediatric populations are limited to recurrent lymphoma, solid tumors such as neuroblastoma and severe aplastic anemia [6]. The utility of autologous UCBT in the pediatric population is extremely low at 1-3 per million children as is the estimated risk of developing the few indications requiring autologous UCBT in children which is pegged at less than 1 in 50,000 [6].


Customer relationship management (CRM) is a growing trend in banks today and billions have already been spent on CRM systems. Financial service providers (FSPs) are, however, recognising the many challenges they face in implementing an enterprise CRM business strategy. This paper provides an overview of research work undertaken, in partnership with a major UK bank, to assess the validity of the 'sales through service' concept. The project aimed at identifying the requirements for a successful cross-selling system to provide an external input to the current initiative already underway at the bank. The paper aims to summarise the work undertaken to present what is believed to be a considerable gap between what CRM literature publishes and the actual implementation in 'real-life' organisations. It concludes with recommendations for developing the cross-selling initiative at the bank.