To determine changes in bioavailability of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with sediment aging, Lumbriculus variegatus were exposed for 4 weeks to sediment core sections taken from a contaminated lake. Core depths included surficial (0 to 4 cm), 4- to 8-, 12- to 16-, 28- to 32-, and 44- to 48-cm sections deposited from approximately 1899 to 1993, and were known to be historically contaminated with PAHs. Bioaccumulation was maximal at the 12- to 16-cm depth (circa 1967) where sediment PAH concentrations were greatest. Accumulation was generally below detection limits in the 0- to 4-cm depths, even though sediment concentrations of some compounds were comparable to those at the 12- to 16-cm depth where accumulation was great enough to generate accurate kinetics curves. Accumulation peaked at about 96 h, then declined over the remainder of the study for the lower-molecular-weight PAHs. For most higher-molecular-weight PAHs, accumulation peaked at about 2 weeks, then declined only slightly after 4 weeks. The differential bioavailability observed between surficial and at-depth core sections raises questions concerning the adequacy of results generated from toxicity and bioaccumulation tests routinely conducted with surficial sediments.


Continuous fiber reinforced composite materials are susceptible to delamination upon impact. Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires can be used to assist the healing of damage employing various known or new healing methodologies. Upon a local heating stimulus the contracting action of pre-strained wires, oriented parallel to the out-of-plane direction of the composite material, can be utilized to compress a delaminated region. In this work the healing behavior of a continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic model material is studied with woven-in SMA wires. The thermoplastic character of the matrix material allows for welding/healing of delaminated regions under the generated compressive stress when the material is in a soft state at elevated temperatures. The requirements for optimum matrix healing at the delaminated interface are studied as a function of temperature and local stress state for different SMA wire distributions and volume fractions. The progress of interface healing is based on a reptation model for the interface mobility of polymer chains of the thermoplastic matrix. The healing process is critically dependent on the thermal and mechanical properties of both the thermoplastic matrix material and the shape memory alloy wires. The developed compressive stresses in the out-of-plane direction depend on the weave pattern of the SMA wires employed. Additional stresses develop in the in-plane directions upon heating due to the undulating character of the weave patterns of the SMA wires. Requirements for optimum healing conditions with assistance of 3D woven SMA wires are provided.


It is an assiduous examination of the three generations Party leadership on the economic status and its fuctions in the construction of socialism in New China.The leaders of the second generation or rather the third generation,carry on and develop predecessors' correctness and put the nonpublic sector of the economy in a proper place both economically and politically.Inevitably,the renovation of theory may lead to an innovation in practice, and the joint economic development of different types of ownership will surely bring about a thriving economy in the primary and initial stage of socialism.


This paper reports a hollow copolyester fiber modified with polyethylene glycol and sodium-5-sulfo-bis-(hydroxyethyl)-isophthalate, abbreviated as ECDP-H, which has the potential to be a replacement for cotton. The objective evaluation of luster (contrast glossiness) and Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-F) (four Primary Hand Parameters and the Total Hand) of ECDP-H, PET and cotton fabrics are studied in order to investigate the cotton-like appearance of the ECDP-H. The results of moisture regain and dynamic moisture absorption values obtained indicate that the hydrophilicity of the ECDP-H fabric is better than that of PET fabric. The thermo-physiological performance for three fabrics is determined using air and water vapor permeability, wicking, warm-cooling feeling, thermal resistance and vapor resistance. The results show that the ECDP-H fabric has better hand and comfort properties than cotton.


Human ecology is a specialization of ecology, tailored to suit the characteristic features of human populations. This essay focuses upon human ecology as set forth by Hawley and Duncan, although other conceptualizations are referred to. The bio-ecological framework is described together with an introduction of the distinction between population ecology and community ecology. Bio-ecology is an important subdiscipline of biology, but its subject has never been as complex as that of human ecology. Human ecologists developed their own theoretical framework distinct from that of bio-ecology. The author briefly outlines the history of human ecology, emphasizing the initial phase of the Chicago School, which focused upon spatial patterns of human phenomena, and the succeeding one, in which a reorientation focused upon the organizational aspects of population dynamics. The author then reviews some of the basic features of human ecology, discusses population ecology and its applications, with reference to the study of populations of households, and outlines the use of graph theory, input-output frameworks, and multilevel modeling to improve the formal and methodological aspects of human ecology. The spatial concern of human ecology is considered and situated in a broader context.


In recent years, social VR (Virtual Reality) contents for communication have become more and more active. However, social VR contents cannot convey a sense of touch or warmth during the pseudo-body contact. This study investigated whether changing the color of a hand during the pseudo-body contact in virtual reality can produce temperature sensations and a sense of contact from visual stimuli. In addition, changing the color of the hand may affect not only the temperature illusion but also the user's psychology. Therefore, in order to induce the temperature illusion, the color of the hand during the simulated handshake was changed, and the evaluation of the sense of contact, closeness, and the user's psychological state was investigated in a subject experiment. The results showed that warm colors of the hands can make users feel warm and enhance the sense of contact. When the color of one's own hand and the other's hand were warmer than each other, the feeling of closeness increased. When the other person's hand is in the cold color, people feel coldness, and increase negative feelings toward the other person, such as a decrease in happiness, and a feeling of anxiety and disgust. By investigating and clarifying the effects of pseudo-body contact in a virtual space, this study contributes to providing an environment for high quality communication in social VR contents.


Simple Summary Studies from several countries have shown that migrant women utilize cervical cancer screening less frequently than non-migrant women. Little is known about how disparities differ across different countries of origin. The present study addresses this limitation by means of 2019 survey data from Austria. Comparing the five largest groups of migrants residing in the country, the results show that particularly Turkish migrant women have a lower utilization than the Austrian majority population. This illustrates the heterogeneity of migrants and likely results from different obstacles some groups of migrants encounter in the health system. The findings may contribute to raising the awareness of the heterogeneity of the migrant population and to providing cancer screening interventions tailored to different cultural backgrounds, consequently improving overall access to cancer screening for particularly disadvantaged and vulnerable population groups. Abstract In most European countries, migrant women have lower rates of cervical cancer screening utilization than non-migrant women. While studies have illustrated that disparities can be partially explained by social determinants, they usually did not take into account the heterogeneity of the migrant population in terms of cultural background or country of origin. Applying an intersectional approach and using 2019 data from a representative survey from Austria on 6228 women aged 20–69 years, the present study examines differences in the utilization of cervical cancer screening in the five largest migrant groups (i.e., individuals with a nationality from or born in a Yugoslav successor state, Turkey, Romania, Hungary, or Germany) residing in Austria. By means of a multivariable analysis, amongst others adjusted for socioeconomic and health-related determinants, it is illustrated that particularly Turkish migrant women have a lower utilization than the Austrian majority population (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.60; 95% confidential interval (CI): 0.40–0.91), while no significant differences between the majority population and other groups of migrants became evident. The findings are indicative of the heterogeneity of migrants and likely result from different obstacles some groups of migrants encounter in the health system. This heterogeneity must be taken into account in order to support informed decision-making and to ensure adequate preventive care.


One remarkable feature of vehicular ad hoc networks is characterized by an opportunistic communications by means of store-carry-forward message relaying which requires the cooperation of vehicles on the networks. However, we cannot be sure that all vehicles willingly contribute their computing resources to the networks for message forwarding with no rewards for their efforts in real-world scenarios. In addition, unfortunately, there may exist some selfish and greedy node which may not help others but tend to take their own gain. To cope with this challenge, incentive mechanisms are generally considered as the promising solution. In this paper, we design a Bitcoin-based secure and reliable incentive scheme for cooperative vehicular delay tolerant networking services. Bitcoin is the well-known worldwide cryptocurrency and digital payment system whose implementation relies on cryptographic techniques, which makes it possible to develop a practical credit-based incentive scheme on the vehicular networks at a low cost. We also implement Bitcoin transaction scripts to handle our proposed incentive scheme.


This article asks, 'Who is the Holy Spirit in the Christian message and what specifically is the cultural understanding of the Holy Spirit in the thought of womanist theologians?' First, it offers a description of the meaning of 'womanist', particularly according to Alice Walker, who coined the term, in part to lift up African American women's cultural understanding of 'womanish', particularly with reference to daughters who claim agency as freedom fighters. Second, it states who the Holy Spirit is in relation to God and to the Trinity as a whole. Third, as a Christian ecowomanist essay that employs Walker's description of 'womanist', it is attentive to God's redemptive aim for all creation, heaven and earth, in other words for the entire cosmos.


Electrical stimulation of the isolated intact guinea-pig trachea causes a biphasic re- sponse, initially excitatory and then inhibitory. The excitatory response was abolished by atropine ng/ml)


In recent years, with the continuous increase of the number of blind people in China, the construction of blind roads and their ancillary facilities has become the focus of urban road pedestrian space planning and design. However, in practical use, the existing blind path does not really solve the problem of blind people's travel and there are few blind people on the blind path. We use part of the primary and secondary trunk road and branch of the blind road in Dujiangyan city as an example. By simulating the blind, feeling the blind track system in person, using the SD method to evaluate the status quo of the use of the existing blind road, we analyse and summarize the blind road system of Dujiangyan city from the angle of space perception, so as to provide certain reference and reference for the blind road system planning of city road pedestrian space.


Reggies are plasma membrane‐associated proteins and characteristic markers of lipid‐raft microdomains. They are highly conserved from flies to humans and have been implicated in axon regeneration and cell process and contact formation, possibly providing functional platforms for cell‐signaling in neurons and other cell types. We analyzed reggie mRNA and protein expression patterns during early zebrafish development. All three zebrafish genes, re‐1a, ‐2a, and ‐2b, span a considerably diverse set of expression patterns, and their proteins are induced maternally, showing ubiquitous expression at early stages. Although re‐2a mRNA can be observed in differentiating neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and neurogenic placodes, re‐2b is transcribed mainly in head mesoderm, in neural crest derivates, and along somite boundaries. re‐1a mRNA is present at high levels in expression domains that overlap with the combined expression pattern of both re‐2 genes except at the somites, where it complements the pattern of re‐2b. Immunostaining on embryos reveals reggie protein localization at the cell membrane, at cell–cell contacts, and along all early axon tracts. The early phase of reggie expression suggests a basic and ubiquitous function during the first stages of embryogenesis and into the gastrula period. Upon segmentation, a second phase of expression shows distinctly localized expression patterns, indicating tissue‐specific roles and an involvement of re‐1a/re‐2a in neural development. J. Comp. Neurol. 482:257–272, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The Finite Element Method solution to the torsion problem of a linearly elastic, homogeneous, isotropic cylinder with a non-simply connected cross-section of variable wall thickness is presented. The computed displacement, warping, stress, strain and Mises invariant are shown for several shapes of the cross-section: a rectangle, a rectangle with a crossbar, and rings with sinusoidal boundaries of various amplitudes and periods. The computed results enable us to analyze the shape sensitivity to warping under torsion in thick-walled cylinders with complicated cross-sectional shapes.


Pycnonuclear fusion processes in an ionic crystal at zero temperature are discussed. Rearrangement effects of the lattice during the fusion process are accounted for exactly in the screening potential by computing the relaxation of the surrounding nuclei. The dynamics of the rearranging ions also generates an increased effective mass that must be used in describing the tunneling of the fusing nuclei. The opposing effects of lattice polarization through enhanced screening and the effective mass results in pycnonuclear reaction rates that are several orders of magnitude smaller than those calculated in the Wigner-Seitz approximation and are roughly equal to those obtained in the static approximation that neglects polarization entirely. 12 refs.


Lecturer, ANU College of Law, Australian National University Freedom of expression is a human right, which enables other rights to be realized. The freedom includes access to government information. The International Law of Human Rights allows for restrictions on freedom of expression, including the prohibition of hate speech, but these restrictions must be carefully interpreted to prevent suppression of the freedom. Current controversies in Australia show us the importance of understanding the scope of freedom of expression and the limited ways it may be restricted.


In recent years, there has been an upsurge in the quantity of transgressions perpetrated by adolescents, signifying that a considerable proportion of the youth populace experiences a great degree of marginalisation within their social milieu. Moreover, many youths have succumbed to challenges related to academic failure, socio-economic adversity, family turmoil, substance abuse and deviant peer affiliation. Consequently, this impedes their transition into adulthood and dissuades them from evolving into meaningful social actors. Based on this premise, the current study was conducted to explore the socio-criminogenic risk factors which manifest in the family, community, school and peer group domain, through gauging the lived experiences of youth regarding the factors which they most closely associate with their offending behaviour. Data were obtained using a sample of 20 males incarcerated at the Kimberley Youth Development Centre in the Northern Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa, and analysed using thematic analysis. Several key factors perpetuating youth misconduct were identified, including antisocial peer-affiliation, gang membership, community disorganisation and illicit substance use. It is thus envisaged that these findings will stimulate further research, contribute to the existing body of knowledge and aid in policy development, with the reduction of conflict as the ultimate aim.


This paper describes the electromagnetic and thermal design of a magnetically geared induction motor (MaGIM). The device consists of a wound-rotor induction machine artfully coupled to a magnetic gear to achieve a high torque density low speed drive system. The aim is to replace the conventional system which combines a high-speed induction motor and a mechanical gear as to improve performance and reliability.


In the past few months I have had occasion to reoperate in five cases of prostatic obstruction in which a suprapubic prostatectomy had previously been done. One of these cases was one in which I, myself, had operated. The other operations had been done by men of experience in Kansas City and elsewhere. In two of the cases I assisted the original operator to correct the secondary obstruction. The usual history of these patients was of their having made a good recovery from the operation, of having left the hospital in good condition in from four to six weeks, voiding urine well and being apparently cured. From that time on, the size of the stream would progressively diminish, and it would become more difficult to void. Finally the suprapubic wound would reopen and remain open, and the passage through the urethra become closed, or nearly so. In the case in


This repo r t explores the subject o f speech synthesis. Informat i o n given includes a b r i e f explanat ion o f speech product ion i n man, an h i s t o r i c a l view o f speech synthesis, and four types o f e lect ron ic synthesizers i n use today. Also inc luded i s a b r i e f presentat ion on phonetics, the study o f speech sounds. An understanding o f t h i s subject i s necessary t o see how a synthesizer must produce ce r ta in sounds, and how these sounds are put together t o create words. Final ly a description o f a 1 i m i ted t e x t speech synthesizer i s presented. This system al lows the user t o enter English t e x t v i a a keyboard and have i t output i n spoken form. The future o f speech synthesis appears t o be very b r i gh t . This repor t a lso gives some possib le app l ica t ions o f verbal computer com-


This paper focuses on the work of one NGO, the Organization of Civic Rights, which works on a range of housing and urban renewal issues in Durban. The organization is unusual in that it has been working on issues related to tenant rights since 1984 with a particular focus on the central city areas. The paper starts with a general introduction to the situation of tenants in South Africa and then describes the four different strategies used by the organization in its work with tenants: education and empowerment for tenants, advocacy, networking and tenants' action groups.


Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) studies of cytochrome P-450j,, myoglobin, and cytochrome ç have demonstrated that the native structure of hemecontaining proteins can be retained at SERRS-active substrates. However, certain adsorption parameters must be maintained in order to preserve the native state of the adsorbed species. Our work shows that the optimal adsorption conditions depend upon the nature of the protein Spectra relevant to unperturbed cyt P-450̂ were obtained only when SERRS-active electrodes were subjected to liquid nitrogen temperatures. Under these same conditions, the band frequencies of myoglobin indicated that the heme environment was indeed perturbed. The native state of the protein was retained only when myoglobin was adsorbed onto citrate-reduced sols or onto an electrode roughened in the presence of citrate. In contrast, cyt c is stable at different SERRS-active substrates, including electrochemically-roughened silver electrodes, silver-island films and citrate-reduced silver sols. In order to retain the native integrity of cyt s, the adsorption conditions at the SERRS-active substrates must also be established. The results support the enormous potential of SERRS as a


ASYA FATHYA NUR ZAKIAH. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis and Protein Profile Some Freshwater Fish of Indonesia. Supervised by MALA NURILMALA and AGOES M. JACOEB. Mitochondrial DNA (COI)-based analysis can be used to study genetic relationship between Striped Snakehead, Indonesian Snakehead, Marble Goby, Asian Redtail Catfish, and Soro Brook Carp which has not been reported its potential. This research was conducted by primer design, DNA isolation, PCR, electrophoresis, and bioinformatic analysis. Protein profiles identified by SDS-PAGE method; albumin protein content measured by BCG method; and analyzed relationship between COI gene and proteins produced. Spesific primers were successfully amplified at 500-600 bp. Resulted sequence of Striped Snakehead have been processed by GenBank with accession number KU204858. Protein profiles of third samples showed similiarity with 15-18 bands at 6,89-156,25 kDa. Albumin protein content on Indonesian Snakehead, Striped Snakehead, Soro Brook Carp, Marble Goby, and Asian Redtail Catfish has no significantly different, however protein electrophoregram shows Indonesian Snakehead and Asian Redtail Catfish has areas larger than others. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA can be applied so this method becomes an alternative to determine source of albumin.


By the use of diathermy troublesome distention following abdominal operations may be controlled. This procedure is most useful in those cases in which, following rupture of the appendix, the distention and toxic state become pronounced and dangerous. There is no difficulty in its management. It causes the patient no physical or mental discomfort, even acting as a soporific. It can be used as often as is necessary, and adds no extra burden to the circulatory system, as may be the case where hypodermic medication is used. In those cases where toxicity is marked a saline-glucose solution intravenously may be of assistance in overcoming the toxwemia and increasing peristalsis.


This news article highlights the focus of the UN World Summit on Sustainable Development to be held in Johannesburg South Africa on August 26 to September 4 2002. The Agenda 21 proposals which is a blueprint for achieving sustainable development is also detailed in this article.


In accordance with the disadvantages of focus depth decrease caused by the large enough numerical aperture of the project photolithography imaging system and larger optical energy loss of amplitude filtering, the improvements in imaging resolution, focus depth and the availability of optical energy by means of amplitude phase compound filtering are studied in detail. The fact that corresponding optimal compound filters should be designed according to the different mask pattern designs has been proposed. The calculation analysis and experimental results show that amplitude phase compound filtering can improve the imaging resolution and focus depth of project photolithography by a big margin. At the same time the availability of optical energy can be improved and this is good for the improvement of production efficiency.


For most young scientists on the Ph.D./postdoc track, deciding which of several lucrative job offers to accept isn't an issue that comes up all that often. But for many in one of the professional science master's (PSM) programs now proliferating around the country, it is literally a $64,000 question. "They get multiple offers," often at salaries around that figure, says Christine Sjolander, associate vice president for enrollment management and director of career services at Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences in Claremont, California. PSM alumni "are so in demand that we're actually trying to boost our enrollment because we can't keep up."


Permeability measurements, using a consolidometer, were made for kaolinite, montmorillonite, and a clay-rich soil (the Lockport clay) with a variety of organic liquids and water as permeants. These data, along with selected values from the literature, were used to evaluate several theories that have been proposed as explanations for the general observation that permeabilities of clay soils with organic fluids as the permeants are higher than with water as the permeant. Of the several obvious differences in physical properties between water and organic liquids (e.g., dielectric constant, viscosity, dipole moment, specific gravity, and surface tension), only the dielectric constant provided a consistent correlation with the permeabilities used in this study. The permeabilities for the organic chemicals used in this study can be predicted using the measured permeability for the soil with water as the permeant and the dielectric constant of the organic by way of an exponential equation. For mixtures of aceton...


In recent years, multiple techniques have been proposed to defend computing systems against control-oriented attacks that hijack the control-flow of the victim program. Data-only attacks, on the other hand, are a less common and more subtle type of exploit which are more difficult to detect using traditional mitigation techniques that target control-oriented attacks. In this paper we introduce a novel methodology for the detection of data-only attacks through modeling the execution behavior of an application using low-level hardware information collected as a data series during execution. One unique aspect of the proposed methodology is that it uses a compilation flag based approach to collect hardware counts, eliminating the need for manual code instrumentation. Another unique aspect is the introduction of a data compression algorithm as the classifier. Using several representative real-world data-only exploits, our experiments show that data-only attacks can be detected with high accuracy using the proposed methodology. We also performed analysis on how to select the most relevant hardware events for the detection of the studied data-only attack, as well as a quantitative study of hardware events' sensitivity to interference.


sometimes rhetorically and sometimes supported by convincing figures. Fourteen messages urge the adoption of a "budget system" and minor financial reforms are urged in many cases. Among the few jarring notes the most strident is that sounded by the incoming governor of Ohio, who sees in centralization of authority in the name of efficiency, a menace to free government. He says •'Efficiency is important, self government is vital." "Freedom and the strength of civic character which come only from the exercise of self government are paramount to efficiency." ' ' I t is one of the evils of concentrated authority that the people come to look to the executive solely for needed changes in legislation, disregarding their own immediate constitutional representatives in the law-making bodies." "The people have looked with suspicion on all efforts to take power from them or their own representatives and vest it in some central authority with large powers of appointment." But, says he, "Fortunately for the people in our State not all the executive power is vested in the governor." The tenor of this message may, however, be accounted for in part in the light of recent vicissitudes of politics in that State.


Introduction: Prune Belly The term was coined by William Osler in 1901. The triad is characterized as: deficient abdominal wall musculature, urinary tract malformations (hydroureteronephrosis, megaureters) and cryptorchidism bilateral.Todos children with laxity of the abdominal wall without genitourinary malformations and girls are referred to as triad incomplete, partial or pseudoprune. For those who only manifestations is the laxity of the abdominal wall introduce the term pseudopseudoprune Belly. Objective: To report the first case of the literature of a female patient with flaccid muscles of the abdominal wall in which it made plasty of the abdominal wall in the neonatal period. Case report: Women's 24 hrs. of life, history of prenatal ultrasound abdominal wall defect as obtained by cesarean section, A physical examination is striking only prune belly. The postnatal ultrasound reported both kidneys with reduced size and without dilatation pyelocalyceal. Intravenous urography delayed in the concentration and elimination of contrast medium in both kidneys, the size and shape of ureter and bladder and kidney gamagrama normales.El voiding cystogram showed right ureteral dilatation and bilateral grade II vesicoureteral reflux. He had surgery at 14 days of life. After two months of life merited reoperation for gastroesophageal reflux disease and alteration in the mechanics of swallowing. Discussion: We refer to this case Belly Pseudo-pseudoprune because no genitourinary conditions specific to this pathology. The surgery in the neonatal period provides a better body image in childhood allowing to perform other surgical event simultaneously. It is striking in this patient was re abdomen without difficulty and that to date there have been no postoperative complications, besides enjoying an excellent condition. Index words: Prune Belly; Pseudo-pseudoprune Belly.


The Wilms'‐tumor gene WT1 may have a different function from a tumor‐suppressor gene in some leukemias. Using the 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)‐induced rat leukemia system, we examined whether WT1 expression was involved during leukemogenesis, since this model enabled us to analyze cells altered by DMBA at various stages of leukemogenesis. By the semi‐quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT‐PCR) method, WT1 expression was detected in 15 (71%) of 21 DMBA‐induced erythroblastic leukemias. Among 15 WT1‐expressing leukemias, GATA‐1, which is an erythroid‐specific transcription factor and might regulate WT1 expression, was also expressed in 13 cases (p < 0.05). On the other hand, WT1 expression was not detected in any normal or early pre‐leukemic rats and was detected in 1 of 8 rats in late pre‐leukemic stages. These results showed that cells with a high expression level of WT1 tended to develop into leukemia and that WT1 contributed to leukemogenesis in the late stage, suggesting that the expression of WT1 plays an important role in cell proliferation and in maintaining the viability of some leukemia cells. Int. J. Cancer 72:696–699, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


ModelMaker is a tool being developed to help modelers rapidly develop behavioral models from natural language descriptions to support the construction of virtual prototypes. This tool analyzes documents for behavioral patterns and constructs a component and signal index for search and retrieval of relevant text. The tool's interface features an edit window for HDL model development and a source window in which retrieved text and behaviors are displayed. Relevant source text can be retrieved by searches on entity and signal identifiers or on noun phrases automatically extracted from the source document. In addition the document can be automatically analyzed for behaviors which identify processes and events, as well as the devices and values which participate in them and, in some cases, how they interact. A natural agent/transaction modeling style is suggested for exploiting the extracted information.


Abstract For nearly 300 years, the Knights of St John forced a range of captives to labour on their galleys, with slave, convict and debtor oarsmen propelling the Knights' navy in their crusade against Islam. This article considers how we can investigate these captives and the consequences of their presence in Malta by reconfiguring captivity as a process that extended into wider society. By seeking material traces of captivity at sea on board galleys and on land, the article opens new investigative avenues into early modern captivity in the Mediterranean. In addition, it brings to current debates a rare archaeological example of modern slavery within a European context.


South Africa planned early for its covid vaccination programme. Yet ongoing procurement problems and new variant fuelled waves have left its population vulnerable, reports Bibi-Aisha Wadvalla


Constant changes in a modern world and scientific knowledge from the growing field of Positive Psychology appear to make a previously unheeded contribution to preschool teacher competences. The aim of this study was to explore preschool teachers' opinions concerning the need for positive psychology knowledge and its implementation. A nine-item pool was used on a sample of 49 preschool teachers (mean age 33) enrolled in a graduate programme of early and preschool care and education in Rijeka. Overall, preschool teachers liked this subject very much and thought it was needed very much for their profession at all work levels. Also, they viewed the positive psychology findings as very useful and applicable in their work, and especially in their work with children. Finally, they saw lots of implementation possibilities in Croatian kindergartens.


A MEETING of the Victorian Branch of the British Medical Associa tion was held at the Children's Hospital, Carlton, Melbourne, on November 19, 1947. The meeting took the form of a series of demonstrations by members of the honorary medical staff of the hospital and was combined with the monthly meeting of the Melbourne Prediatric Society. Part of this report appeared in the issues of May 22, m。セG@ 29 and .Tune 5, 1948.


In extremely acidic lakes, low primary production rates have been measured. We assumed that proton stress might explain these observations and therefore investigated the photosynthetic behaviour of a Chlamydomonas species, a main primary producer in acidic lakes, over a range of pH values. Identified as C. acidophila using small subunit rDNA analysis, this species is identical to other isolates from acidic environments in Europe and South America, suggesting a worldwide distribution. Laboratory experiments with C. acidophila, revealed a broad pH-tolerance for growth and photosynthesis, the lower pH limit lying at pH 1.5 and the upper limit at pH 7. Growth rates at optimum pH conditions (pH 3 and 5) were equal to those of the mesophilic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In contrast, photosynthetic rates were significantly higher, suggesting that higher photosynthetic rates compensated for higher dark respiration rates, as confirmed experimentally. Electron transport capacities of PSI and PSII, P700 + re-reduction times and measurements of PSII fluorescence revealed the induction of alternative electron transport mechanisms, such as chlororespiration, state transitions and cyclic electron transport, only at suboptimal pH values (pH 1.5; 4 and 6-7). The results indicate, that C. acidophila is well adapted to low pH and that the relatively low primary production rates are not a result of pH stress.


Design and implementation process of the factory foundation information management system based on SmartPlant Foundation were introduced.The factory foundation information management system can effectively manage vast amounts of dynamic,complex engineering data which large refining and chemical enterprises are facing in the process of construction and operation and maintenance.


Abstract : Because heat transfer in sealed spacecraft cells is primarily by conduction, thermal resistance analog models of four types of nominal 20 amp-hr nickel-cadmium cells of different manufacture were used to predict the cell thermal properties as a function of the materials and types of construction. Experiments were performed to verify the predictions and to obtain overall cell conductivities in directions parallel with, and perpendicular to, the plane of the plates. Studies were also made of the feasibility of measuring the conductivity of individual cell components. (Author)


In recent years, with the increasing number of Internet users and mobile phone users in China, various social contradictions have been discussed locally from the real world to the global discussion of the virtual world. In order to distinguish new media events in time and accurately, based on the analysis of common clustering algorithms, a hybrid K-means genetic algorithm suitable for clustering new media events is proposed by combining genetic algorithm with K-means algorithm. The algorithm uses the optimal preservation strategy, single-point crossover and single-point mutation to ensure the convergence of the hybrid K-means genetic algorithm to a greater extent. Multi-round merging based on dynamic weights is adopted to make segmentation results suitable for retrieval requirements, and the retrieval method of feature integration is improved. On the basis of the initial weights, the weight knowledge base can be stabilized through a certain number of user feedback training processes. Finally, according to the weights in the knowledge base, different features are integrated for retrieval. Experimental results show that the algorithm is effective.


"Mirabeau and Sieyès are the two strongest minds of the Revolution," said Talleyrand who knew both of them well. This is no doubt true. It is likewise true that Mirabeau and Sieyes were at opposite poles from each other intellectually. Sieyès was a political theorist; they called him the brain. Mirabeau, on the other hand, was the least theoretical of men. When the Estates General opened he had no draft of a Constitution; Sieyès, on the other hand, had thought of one and even several. For the whole course of the Revolution until his death in April, 1791, Mirabeau cannot be described by an invariable formula. He cannot be classified in the pro-English school. He wrote to a minister before the Revolution: "the executive life" suited him better than "the speculative life." Sieyès, and even Mounier, would have been wonderful professors of Constitutional Law. Not Mirabeau. His culture was enormous but disorganized. An omnivorous reader and always with pen in hand, he had made innumerable excerpts from all sorts of books, and drew upon them with no scruples about plagiarism when he wrote his own works. One must be careful to avoid the temptation, to which some have succumbed, of seeing in these plagiarisms the expression of Mirabeau's own ideas.


Transvestites as a part of society deserve equal treatment as other people, on the one hand should be placed as social reality that can not be denied. On the other side, their existence for some people in Indonesia is still considered as behavior deviation and a marginalized community, and also underestimated. This research aims to determine the self concept and communication behavior of the transvestites in Pekanbaru City. How the self concept of transvestites is phisically, mentally, and socially in both positive and negative perceptions, and how to conduct interpersonal communication of the transvestites in verbal and non-verbal communication. This research used qualitative research methods with a presentation of descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and documentation. In achieving the validity of the data in this study, researcher used participatory extension and triangulation. The subject was the transvestites in Pekanbaru City, and the object was self concept and communication behavior of the transvestites in communicate between each other in interaction of interpersonal communication. The result shows that perceptions of the transvestites' self concept physically, mentally, and socially in positive and negative way in Pekanbaru City was based on some factors, such as family background, financials, environment, and their own experience. Researcher also found their interpersonal communication between each other in verbal and non-verbal were varies, and they used symbols to do their interraction. Key word: Transvestites, self concept, interpersonal communication


This research originated from the fact that the teacher's ability in thematic teaching in the class was not good enough to overcome this matter the headmaster held peer teaching. This type of research is school action research (scholl action research), research uses qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research procedure consists of: planning stage, implementation phase, observation stage, and reflection stage. The research data was obtained from teacher competency assessment in the material study by observing all teaching activities through peer teaching. The results of the study showed that the teacher's ability to teach through peer teaching was proven by the teacher's competence in thematic teaching and was 86.6% in the second cycle. The activity of school principals in implementing peer teaching carried out the activity of the principal of the first cycle 69.2%. implemented after being reflected increased to 93.35% carried out in cycle II. After being reflected, an increase in the second cycle of teacher competence in thematic teaching can be increased to the activities of teachers in peer teaching. The first cycle of 68.75% was implemented after being reflected to increase to 86.63%. carried out in cycle II. From the analysis of the research it can be concluded that through peer teaching it can improve the competence of teachers in teaching at SDN 01 Muara Panas.


Military executives often seize power because the military sees itself as the best institution to lead the country. Yet the track record of military executives paints a very different picture. This chapter explains the consequences of military rule. In doing so, this chapter justifies why military executives need to be studied as a separate category from other types of authoritarian rule, and how the evolution of the study of military rule has changed over time. Countries ruled by military executives are more likely to commit human rights abuses and become embroiled in civil wars than are civilian executives. In spite of this, military executives have been able to construct the myth that they are better at ruling than civilians. This chapter explains how military executives actually govern and what the future is for the study of military executives.


The chapter aims at building the theoretical framework to understand the evolution of growth regimes in advanced capitalist economies. It starts by recalling the main questions, approaches, and current debates on the dynamics of capitalist development in the comparative political economy literature. In a second step, it revisits the terms of the various approaches considered (Regulation School, Varieties of Capitalisms, Growth Models), defines growth regimes and growth strategies, and emphasizes the role played by welfare systems in these. Third, it presents the main economic challenges capitalist economies have been confronted with (deindustrialization, financialization, and the rise of the knowledge economy) and underlines the fact that, despite common challenges, the economies have remained distinct. Fourth, it provides an overview of five main ideal-typical growth regimes that have developed in advanced capitalist economies: the dynamic services export-led growth regime, the high-quality manufacturing export-led, the FDI-financed export-led, the finance-based domestic demand-led, and the public-financed domestic demand-led ones. Finally, the chapter summarizes the main contributions of the other chapters of the book.


This project examines the effects of self- and partner-rated personality and their reciprocal interaction between two partners. Personality in 113 young dating couples was measured with the Five-Factor Model and maladaptive personality trait model of the DSM-5. Partners completed self- and partner-reports of the NEO-FFI-3 and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) as well as the self-report Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). Three sets of Actor-Partner Interdependence Models (APIMs) were run to estimate actor and partner effects of self-rated personality, partner-rated personality, and of both sets of effects simultaneously in an integrated model. When self- and partner-rating models were examined separately, several significant actor and partner effects were observed. However, the strongest effects were observed in the partner-rating models. When self- and partner-rated personality were examined at the same time, most effects from the self-rating models disappeared. Furthermore, most of the effects as well as the strongest one observed were associated with an individual's perception of their partner's personality, particularly men's perception of women's personality. This study demonstrates the incremental predictive utility of individuals' perception of their partner's personality for explaining their own dyadic adjustment.


This bibliography was compiled as part of an extensive study of the economics of producing energy from biomass. The sources covered include technical as well as economic analyses of various types and forms of energy from renewable resources, primarily from the 1975-80 period. A list of 116 articles arranged alphabetically by author is followed by 100 unauthored articles grouped by year.


Coherent structures by the particles suspended in the half-zone thermocapillary liquid bridges via experimental approaches are introduced. General knowledge on the particle accumulation structures (PAS) is described, and then the spatial–temporal behaviours of the particles forming the PAS are illustrated with the results of the two- and three-dimensional particle tracking. Variations of the coherent structures as functions of the intensity of the thermocapillary effect and the particle size are introduced by focusing on the PAS of the azimuthal wave number m=3. Correlation between the particle behaviour and the ordered flow structures known as the Kolmogorov–Arnold—Moser tori is discussed. Recent works on the PAS of m=1 are briefly introduced.


As a nurse and policy analyst, my interest in the subject of active euthanasia lies in the practical consequences of formal policy (for example, ethical guidelines), as well as the consequences of having no formal policy, for therapeutic practice. The basic assumption underpinning this paper is that policy decisions in the area of euthanasia cannot be simply 'read off from any theoretical body of knowledge, but rather such decisions are always grounded in particular situations and social relationships. In this, I concur with Reedy, Minogue, and Sterk, who argue that:


Anthropomorphism in arts has been known since the prehistoric period and developed in all over the world, including the primitive arts in the Borneo and Papua hinterland. During the Indonesia-Hindu culture, anthropomorphism was used to represent the character of 'extraordinary' in the old fables and serves as a medium of religious. While anthropomorphism in modern Indonesian arts today can be found in the form of comics, movies, and television soap operas although anthropomorphic shape still not as extraordinary as Indonesian-Hindu arts earlier. Key word: anthropomorphism, arts, Indonesia


A series of new copolymers based on 9,9dioctylfluorene and 4-(N,N-diphenylamine)-3',5'-dibromobiphenyl were synthesized by Suzuki polycondensation.UV-Vis absorption,photoluminescence(PL) and Electroluminescence(EL) properties were also investigated.Along with the increasing of m-phenylene,blue-shifting of the peak positions of UV-Vis absorption and PL spectra were found.The device based on PFTPA10 shows good stability at different voltages(7V to 13V).The CIE coordinate at 6V is(0.17,0.06),the full widths at half maximum of the EL spectra is 27nm and external quantum efficiency is 0.72%.


Intelligent compaction is an emerging technology in the management of pavement layers, more specifically, of unbound geomaterial layers. Different types of intelligent compaction measurement values (ICMVs) are available on the basis of the configuration of the roller, vibration mechanism, and data collection and reduction algorithms. The spatial distribution of the estimated ICMVs is usually displayed as a color-coded map, with the ICMVs categorized into a number of classes with specific color codes. The number of classes, as well as the values of the breaks between classes, significantly affect the perception of compaction quality during the quality management process. In this study, three sets of ICMV data collected as a part of a field investigation were subjected to geostatistical analyses to evaluate different classification scenarios and their impact on the interpretation of the data. The classification techniques were evaluated on the basis of the information theory concept of minimizing the information loss ratio. The effect of the ICMV distribution on the selection of the classification method was also studied. An optimization technique was developed to find the optimal class breaks that minimize the information loss ratio. The optimization algorithm returned the best results, followed by the natural breaks and quantile methods, which are suited to the skewness of the ICMV distribution. The identification of less-stiff areas by using the methods presented will assist highway agencies to improve process control approaches and further evaluate construction quality criteria. Although the concepts discussed can apply to any compacted geomaterial layer, the conclusions apply to the type of compacted soil in this particular test section.


The viscous fluid flow past a semi-infinite porous solid, which is proportionally sheared at one boundary with the possibility of the fluid slipping according to Navier's slip or second order slip, is considered here. Such an assumption takes into consideration several of the boundary conditions used in the literature, and is a generalization of them. Upon introducing a similarity transformation, the governing equations for the problem under consideration reduces to a system of nonlinear partial differential equations. Interestingly, we were able to obtain an exact analytical solution for the velocity, though the equation is nonlinear. The flow through the porous solid is assumed to obey the Brinkman equation, and is considered relevant to several applications.


In this article, we present two improved third‐order weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) schemes for recovering their design‐order near first‐order critical points. The schemes are constructed in the framework of third‐order WENO‐Z scheme. Two new global smoothness indicators, τL3 and τL4, are devised by a nonlinear combination of local smoothness indicators (ISk) and reference values (ISG) based on Lagrangian interpolation polynomial. The performances of the proposed schemes are evaluated on several numerical tests governed by one‐dimensional linear advection equation or one‐ and two‐dimensional Euler equations. Numerical results indicate that the presented schemes provide less dissipation and higher resolution than the original WENO3‐JS and subsequent WENO3‐N scheme.


Submitted for the GEC15 Meeting of The American Physical Society Temporal evolution of the EVDF in a ns-pulsed APPJ in Helium UWE CZARNETZKI, CHRISTIAN SCHREGEL, DIRK LUGGENHÖLSCHER, Institute for Plasma and Atomic Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum — The temporal evolution of the EVDF in a ns-pulsed jet-discharge operated in Helium is measured by Thomson scattering. Further, spatially and temporally resolved emission spectra and current and voltage waveforms are measured. The discharge consists of two molybdenum electrodes of 20 mm length which form a 1.5 mm high and 0.95 mm wide gap between two glass plates. A 150 ns long voltage pulse of 1-2 kV (5 kHz) is applied. A Nd:YAG laser provides an 8 ns laser pulse at 532 nm and the scattered light is detected by a gated ICCD camera connected to a TGS. Up to three orders of magnitude dynamic range for the absolutely calibrated EVDF are archived in the range 0.5 eV to 12 eV. A 60 ns Townsend pre-phase is followed by a 90 ns long DClike discharge showing strong atomic emission lines. The 1,000 ns long afterglow is characterized by initial recombination of cold electrons and Helium excimer formation, predominately in Rydberg states, which slowly relax to lower states radiating in the visible range of the spectrum. Rydberg states are probed by ionization with an intense laser pulse and subsequent detection of the additional free electrons by Thomson scattering. This work was funded by the DFG Research Group FOR1123. Uwe Czarnetzki Institute for Plasma and Atomic Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum Date submitted: 19 Jun 2015 Electronic form version 1.4


The Internet of Things is playing a significant role in the present era of technology to develop methods of communication in day-to-day life. By establishing seamless communication with the digital world, it has allowed us to communicate, analyse, and organize our daily operations in an effective manner. Voting is significant and intricate procedure that requires transparency. Manual voting is always laborious and transparent danger is larger. The challenge of conducting fair elections in universities is always highly challenging due to election rigging among many student organizations. Therefore, a secure electronic voting system based on the Arduino microcontroller and pubNub is suggested in this research work. The students can generously and without any restrictions cast their votes in online to this sophisticated, contemporary, and reliable technology. The fundamental aim of this article is to use the internet of things to automate the voting process, which will increase the accuracy, speed, and overall security of the elections. Students' fingerprints are typically taken by institutions as part of the admissions procedure. The voting process will be verified using these fingerprints. To verify the veracity of the suggested system, a test case prototype has been put into practice during experimentation. Utilizing online views and graphs, real-time findings are demonstrated.


This study is devoted to analyse the MHD natural convection flow in a vertically placed microchannel. The channel is filled with porous medium and the flow is analysed with the generation and absorption of heat.The governing nonlinear coupled equations are tackled using the finite difference method. The important flow parameters such as velocity and temperature, skin friction and rate of heat transfer of the flow are calculated by considering the velocity slip and temperature jump conditions at the walls of microchannel. The study highlights that rarefaction parameter, fluid-wall interaction and heat generation in the flow affects the flow significantly and enhances the fluid velocity and due to the retardation force raised by the porous medium the fluid velocity shows the declining nature.


Anti-copyright refers to the complete or partial opposition to prevalent copyright laws. Copyright is known as the author's rights for copies to be only made by the author or with his/her authorization in form of a license.The classic argument for copyright is the view that granting developers temporary monopolies over their works encourages further development and creativity by giving the developer a source of income.A central anti-copyright argument is that copyright has never been of net benefit to society, and instead serves to enrich a few at the expense of creativity.Anti-copyright groups may question the logic of copyright on economic and cultural grounds. In the context of the Internet and Web 2.0 it is argued that copyright law needs to be adapted to modern information technology. More general anti-copyright arguments point to the fact that humans have always copied and establish arguments around the ?need? to share or mash-up culture and knowledge.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the presidential threshold concept in the election of President and vice president and its impact on the Indonesian constitutional system. The theory used is the theory of democracy compared to political parties and elections. The method used in this study uses a normative juridical approach by analyzing the laws relating to the General Election and using a qualitative approach by collecting existing data in literacy and literature. The results of the discussion show that the Presidential Threshold concept is used as an alternative in minimizing divisions in the electoral process, it can be seen from the existence of a threshold system specified in the law by directing political parties to form a coalition. However, the presidential threshold concept can have an impact on the reduction of public participation in democracy because of the threshold that is determined in the nomination process. The presidential threshold gave birth to coalitions between electoral parties in carrying out their candidates, with the existence of collusion between political parties could indicate the existence of policy transactions based on the interests of each political party.


Through the understanding of Japan Science and Technology Agency,this paper extends some new channels to look up Japanese sci-tech literatures by using the resources provided by its relevant databases and Websites.


In view of the ever-increasing demand for energy and ever increasing operating pressure of line pipe, it is very essential to develop high strength steel and production technology for manufacturing the line pipes of high strength of level to X-120M. Recent experiments show that the grade (X- 80M) with respect to grade (X-70M) could give investment cost saving of pipe line construction project. if we use X-120M steel line pipes, the cost saving is much higher. Therefore, economic transport of gas from remote sources is an important consideration in today's global economic environment. To solve these challenges, a high strength grades, large diameter line pipe of X-120M strength level through J-C-O-E technique has to be developed. The J-C-O-E longitudinal double submerged arc welding (LDSAW) of X- 120M line pipe has major challenge to establish the toughness for heat affected zone (HAZ) at theX-120M strength level, as the SAW welding is high heat input welding process. So the maintaining the strength and toughness at the strength level of X-120M of heat affected zone (HAZ) is very critical as the cooling rate is very high.


This article considers equilibrium decentralized trade when there is a marketplace where buyers and sellers meet costlessly. Since buyers have idiosyncratic match payoffs for each seller's good, some buyers, rather than trade with the current stock of sellers, wait for new sellers to enter the marketplace to obtain a good they like. A turnover externality exists where all traders are better off with higher entry rates of new traders. Furthermore, this turnover externality supports multiple Pareto-rankable equilibria. This provides new insights into similar results obtained in the random-matching literature. Copyright 1999 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.


The estates of individuals who die with wealth over specified levels are taxed at high marginal rates. In 1999 the marginal tax rates ranged from 37 percent on estates of $650,000 to 55 percent on estates of over $3 million. Because children are the most frequent heirs, one would expect other gift-giving behavior to children to be affected by the potential tax rates faced by the estate. However, surprisingly little is known about this relationship. This paper investigates the link between estate taxes and inter vivos transfers from parents to children. I find that the existence of estate taxes hastens the transfer of resources from parents to children. Those parents whose estates are likely to be subject to tax make greater inter vivos gifts to their children and these gifts increase with the marginal tax rate. I estimate that if estate taxes were eliminated, inter vivos transfers from parents to children would be reduced by nearly 30 percent per year. Despite these findings, there is also strong evidence that parents fail to take full advantage of opportunities for tax-free giving and transfer too little to children over their own lifetimes.


The present invention discloses a formulation and method for manufacturing the solar cell, and solar-cell contact. Generally, the present invention, prior to firing, there is provided a solar cell contact made from a mixture comprising a metal portion comprising nickel and silver.


The experimental study on high efficiency technology and traditional corn fallow rotation and no-tillage farming soil sample analysis. The results showed that high efficiency corn fallow rotation technique could improve soil tillage, increase soil organic matter, lock soil moisture, improve water use efficiency, reduce soil erosion, improve air quality, water retention capacity and storage capacity was higher than conventional ridge system and free tillage farming, effective use of soil nutrients and reduce wastage. Through trial concluded that high efficiency corn fallow rotation soil element contents were fully utilized, soil quality had been protected, the agricultural land application of technology had restored fertility, use seedlings with soil environment in a better growth, the formation of soil reservoir, adequate supply of the crop water, to ensure crop growth, solve water supply and demand. Less groundbreaking,multi-surface stubble, straw mulch capacity, soil organic matter and soil conservation are fully replenish soil moisture.


An experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield and physico-chemical performance of 18 apple cultivars. The highest fruit yield (46.11 kg/tree), fruit weight (217.33 g), fruit volume (231.67 cc), fruit length (6.98 cm) andfruit diameter (8.22 cm) was recorded in 'Spur Type Red Delicious'. The lowest fruit yield (19.12 kg/tree) and fruitlength (4.33 cm) was recorded in 'Chaubattia Anupam'; while, lowest average fruit weight (64.67 g), fruit volume (63.33 cc) and fruit diameter (5.32 cm) was observed in 'Gloster'. The maximum TSS was recorded in 'Skyline Supreme' (14.73°B) and minimum was in 'Chaubattia Princess' (11.26°B). However, the highest titratable acidity was recorded in 'Golden Delicious' (0.66%) and lowest in 'Chaubattia Princess' (0.14%). The cultivar 'Skyline Supreme' possessing highest values for ascorbic acid (8.25 mg/100 g), reducing sugars (9.62%), total sugars(12.42%), total carotenoids (235.73 μg/100 g) and total anti-oxidant activity (41.95 mMTE/L) while 'Prima' exhibitedlowest values of ascorbic acid (3.92 mg/100 g) and total sugar contents (6.15%). The lowest values for reducingsugars (5.13%), total carotenoids (79.45 μg/100 g) and total anti-oxidant activity (30.66 mM TE/L) were recordedin 'Gloster', 'Vermont Spur' and 'Stark Spur', respectively. The cultivar 'Golden Delicious' is the most luminous(L*=84.86) and having the highest yellow colour (b*= 67.10) and hue angle (h° = 87.41), whereas 'Chaubattia Anupam' showed the highest red colour (a*= 54.15) and Chroma (C*= 67.53). From this investigation it can beinferred that the cultivar 'Spur Type Red Delicious' and 'Skyline Supreme' performed better in the region under prevailing climatic conditions.


The plate lumber N and resolution RS are often used as criteria for evaluating chromatographic conditions. A high column efficiency N and appropriate separation R, always lead to high-precision measurements. Quite recently, a novel phenomenon in liquid chromatography was predicted theoretically.' More precise measurements can be obtained in a shorter observation time even from an operating condition with smaller values of N and RS.' This is termed here the bonanza effect. The bonanza effect can be construed in terms of the information theory of chromatography developed in this laboratory.2-4 The precision is shown to be equivalent to the amount of Shannon information Ji called FUMI (Function of Mutual Information).3 The analytical efficiency can be described as the information flow i3 (='P/ tq) where tq denotes the observation time.4 The high value of t9 means a markedly rapid analysis with a satisfactory precision li. c/i and i can be calculated from the peak size (width and the height of the peak maximum) and noise level in a chromatogram.'-4 More information P and flow 19 can be obtained in the bonanza effect, in spite of decreases in RS and N. This paper presents an example of the bonanza effect in liquid chromatography for quantitative analysis of an antipyretics mixture. Manipulation of column length L and flow rate v can make chromatography more precise and analytically efficient. This paper offers a theoretical guarantee to the use of short-columns in chromatographic assays, recently studied widely.5-1o


The aim of the study is to highlight the fact that Lactobacillus plantarum BS1 and BS3 strains have productivity at least similar to that calculated in the case of MRS medium when corn extract is used as nitrogen source. For tests, a medium that contains glucose 2%, corn extract – 50% d.s. 1%, Ca(OH) 2 1% was used. The selection of the medium was made due to the fact that corn extract is a natural raw material very often used in the processes of biosynthesis from the medicines industry. Analyzing the results obtained it can be ascertained that the development of Lactobacillus plantarum strains on the medium used is comparable to that on MRS.


Abstrcat Public debt for infrastructural investment is an important means to foster economic growth. But with the ever increasing volume of the public debt develops the concern about the crowding-out effect of the debt on private investment. The correlation analysis of the investment shares and volume by investors and cluster analysis of the direction of public debt funded investment indicate that, owing to the present macroeconomic environment, the crowding-out effect is small relative to its positive stimulating effect.


Background/Purpose: Short-term outcomes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are well described. We present the long-term outcomes and co-morbidities found in patients who underwent CDH repair at our institution. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients from 2004 – 2019 who underwent repair of CDH with survival to discharge. Means and percentages were used …


ABSTRACT The paper analyses the collaborative development of emergent IOS in three data intensive industry sectors (telecommunications, news media, and financial services). The findings reveal that environmental complexities (the complexity of data consumption patterns and increased interdependence within value webs) require context-sensitive value exchanges operationalised within co-operatively developed commodity-like IT infrastructures. The paper concludes by examining the implications of the study findings for developing IOS to support pooled, sequential, and reciprocal inter-organisational interdependencies. INTRODUCTION The potential of inter-organisational co-operation has been advocated since the 1960s by researchers such as Kaufman (1966). From the 1970s to the early 1990s, researchers (e.g. Van de Ven, 1976; Provan, 1982; Borman, 1994) argued that an organisation should link with others in order to cope with its environment and reduce environmental uncertainty, and that inter-organisational systems (IOS) were essential in this regard. Traditionally, IOS operationalised sequential inter-organisational relationships and supported limited internal processes such as inbound logistics and outbound logistics. Such IOS configurations can be classified as 'value chain' to 'value chain' models involving bilateral relations between two firms (Howard, Vidgen and Powell, 2003). Normann and Ramirez (1993) argue that traditional notions about value creation are based on outdated assumptions with an upstream supplier providing inputs to a value chain, an organisation adding value to the inputs and subsequently passing outputs to the customer or next participant in the supply chain. Subsequently, Internet focused research such as Timmers (1999), Kaplan and Sawhney (2000), and Hayes and Finnegan (2005) focused attention on the development and exploitation of new IT-enabled business-to-business models. While the focus was on e-business, the operationalisation of such linkages is characterised as IOS. Timmers (1999) sees new business models emerging from linkages between elements of the value chains of different organisations. Consequently, the boundary between organizations and their supply-chain partners is becoming even less distinct with interdependencies between them being more important (Hughes, Powell, Panteli and Golden 2004; Gulati and Kletter, 2005; Premkumar, Ramamurthy and Saunders 2005). Further, El Sawy, Malhotra, Gosain and Young (1999) argue that organisations that survive in this type of dynamic environment will need to be innovative in order to create new approaches to delivering value and will, as a result, have to employ altered enterprise structures and IT infrastructures. Thus, while increasing environmental complexity and technological innovation have led some organisational networks to explore more dynamic IOS models (Baron, Shaw and Bailey 2000; Howard, Vidgen and Powell 2003), empirical research on such systems is sparse and our conceptualisations of IOS need to be updated to include them (Hong, 2002). This paper reports on a study that explores the regulatory, economic, socio-cultural, technological and other inter-organisational environments that facilitated the development of IOS in three data intensive industry sectors (telecommunications, news media, and financial services). We firstly discuss the theoretical foundations for the study by examining the need to revisit IOS theory due to changing business requirements and enabling technology. Next, we explain the methodological approach used for the study. The findings illustrate that emerging IOS can help overcome the complexities of data consumption and value webs by facilitating standardisation and customisation for participants utilising context-sensitive value exchanges. This requires the development of a commoditised IOS infrastructure and higher co-operation levels amongst participants. We conclude by proposing an update to our conceptualisation of IOS by outlining an extension to an IOS framework developed by Kumar and Van Dissel (1996). …


The Capitan is the best known of the larger Permian barrier reefs of the Southwest. This paper describes the sedimentation and depositional environment of this well-known reef.


Taking the rock-bolting works of Hualinping slope in Lanzhou city for example,this paper discusses the technology of drilling holes in loess layer,sandstone and gravel layer for rock-bolting and summaries the technically reliable and economically feasible construction method for drilling anchorage cable and rock-bolting holes in earth slopes and deluvial sandstone and gravel layers,with expectation to provide reference for similar projects in the future so as to decrease the cost and speed up construction effectively.


This study presents the results of a national survey of postal workers concerning their attitudes toward the importance and impact of having a contractual grievance procedure. Differences in employ...


The rate {per electron) at which a Maxwellian distribution of electrons with a temperature (T ) loses energy via Compton scattering to a Planckian distr i bution of photons with an energy density (u) can be written: E = 4u[kT k t u / a ) 1 ' 4 ] where (afl> is the classical Thompson scattering cross section and (a) is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. The cor re  sponding rate is calculated for (nonThe rate at which electrons are cooled by photons via Compton scattering is determined by three parameters : 1. The average electron energy (E ). 2. The energy density u oS the radiation field. 3The (weighted) average photon energy {(1 + n)hi/). This average is taken over the energy spectrum of the photons, and the weighting factor (1 + n) is the familiar factor that accounts for stimulated emission. In a three-temperature code such as LASNEX the first two parameters are known, in fact they provide the definition "We assume the radiation field to be isotropic, and ignore relativisUc effects. Planckian) photon spectra associated with a uniform fully-ionised isothermal gas sphere in local thermodynamic equilibrium. It is found that the formula quoted above overestimates the cooling rate if scattering is significant and absorption is negligible; underestimates the cooling rate if the converse is true; and is ap proximately correct if both scattering and absorption are negligible. The photon spectrum that maximizes the cooling rate is also determined.


The purpose of the master's thesis is to find out whether the basic concepts related to earthquakes are appropriate to address in an elementary school setting, namely elective content covered in Physics. In the introductory part of the thesis, we explain the basic seismological concepts that we aim to familiarize the students with, then we present a two-hour workshop that we developed and tested for the purpose of this master's thesis. The first part of the workshop is designed to familiarize students with the effects of earthquakes and the EMS (European Macroseismic Scale). The students use authentic reports of real earthquakes. In the second part, calculations are made from real seismological data and the epicenter of the earthquake is determined. By comparing the exams completed by students before and after the workshop, we assess the students' acquired knowledge and understanding of the seismological concepts introduced.


EnglishIntroduction: Critical patients need intensive care on their nutrient income due to hypercatabolic state, which commonly lead to nutritional impairment. Objective: To analyze through anthropometric and biochemical indicators, the nutritional status and adequacy of nutritional support in critically ill patients under exclusive Enteral Nutritional Therapy. Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients from two hospitals of Aracaju-SE, was carried out. Patients were evaluated at two times: at the beginning and the end of Enteral Nutritional Therapy. Weight and height were measured or estimated by predictive equations for the case of bedridden patients. Arm and calf circumferences were measured. To assess the adequacy of calories and macronutrients intake, caloric goal was calculated taking into account the reference values for intake presented at Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range/ Dietary Reference Intakes and these were compared with the mean prescribed values. Target for energy intake was considered ≥ 90%. A significance level of 95% or p portuguesIntroducao: Pacientes criticos necessitam de um intenso cuidado na oferta de nutrientes devido a estados hipercatabolicos, que comumente levam a prejuizos nutricionais. Objetivo: Analisar, atraves de indicadores antropometricos e bioquimicos, a evolucao nutricional e adequacao do suporte nutricional em pacientes criticos em Terapia Nutricional Enteral exclusiva. Metodos: Estudo transversal realizado com pacientes de dois hospitais publicos de Aracaju-SE. Os pacientes foram avaliados em dois momentos: no inicio e ao final da Terapia Nutricional Enteral. Foram aferidos o peso e a estatura ou estimados por equacoes preditivas nos acamados. Mediram-se tambem as circunferencias do braco e da panturrilha. Para avaliar a adequacao de calorias e macronutrientes foram calculadas as Necessidades Energeticas Estimadas e utilizados os valores de referencia de ingestao da Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range/ Dietary Reference Intakes e estes foram comparados com a media de valores prescritos. O percentual ≥ 90% foi utilizado como meta para a oferta calorica. Foi adotado um nivel de significância de 95% ou p


This essay takes up the concept of "thresholds" as it was developed in the Spring 2014 issue of Departures in Critical Qualitative Research . It opens up a fertile seam of thought about encounters with people labeled as "disabled" and with one9s own child in particular. The article troubles the processes of normalization, and opens up the space of difference by excavating its unspeakability. The stories of two mothers and their disabled children are told using the concept of thresholds to examine their encounters with (the difference of) their children. The essay concludes with implications for professional practice.


The purpose of this paper is to understand the perspectives of the application of Health related Knowledge Management (HKM) at hospitals in Bangkok in a qualitatively-oriented research inquiry. The paper examines the scope, reflections, attitudes of management to the development and application of HKM to a select number of Thai private hospitals. The paper develops a model that attempts to conceptualise the findings from a diverse range of qualitative personnel opinion into an engaged framework. Outcomes from this inquiry suggests that managers know clearly that HKM may be a logical factor in the development of business attributes in these hospitals and explores the derived themes of namely five (5) main themes, Organizational Priorities Issues; Change Management Issues; Performance Measurement Issues; Staff Priority Issues; and Communication Issues. This study also provides insights into the application and development of HKM in Thai private hospitals.


Objectives To develop glutaraldehyde concentration monitor box and to determine the method of glutaraldehyde concentration. Methods The effect of interferents on this colourimetry was determined including the addition and sequence of agent A and B. The colourimetry was contrasted with the monitoring card of 3M glutaraldehyde and imitation. Results This colourimetry can quantitate in two minutes with bright coloration and quick reaction, and demonstrate the relationship of different concentration and color. The reagent was stable and the detecting cost was low with the advantage of less interfering factors. Conclusion The concentration of glutaraldehyde can be detected quickly and easily by the glutaraldehyde concentration monitor box.


Often used as an introduction to the US banking profession, this book touches on almost every aspect, from the fundamentals of negotiable instruments to contemporary issues and developments in the industry. This seventh edition covers changes in customer service, emerging technology and expanded banking powers and markets. Topics include: the evolution of banking; the deposit function; the lending function; fund management and bank investments; specialized products and services; electronic financial services; and a summary of Federal Reserve regulations.


The genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution of 247 bp mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) D-loop sequences of 27 Guanzhong horse samples were analyzed by sequencing and bioinformation techniques.The results revealed 9 mitochondrial haplotypes with 19 polymorphic sites,covering 7.69% of the analyzed length of the 247 bp D-loop sequences.Among the polymorphic sites,there were all transitions.The nucleotide diversity(π value) and haplotype diversity(H) estimated were 0.0219±0.0076 and 0.843±0.041,respectively,showing high mitochondrial genetic diversity in Guanzhong horse breed.The constructed Neighbor-Joining molecular phylogenetic tree based on the 9 mtDNA D-loop haplotypes,indicated that lineages A,C,D,F and G were detected which showed multiple maternal origins in Guanzhong horse breed.


Education is one of the tools to achieve a happy life both in the world and in the hereafter and through education can also lead us to error if wrong education is provided by parents, teachers and other education actors. So that only with Islamic education humans will live in peace, peace and happiness in the afterlife. Child education should begin as early as possible with religious education taught by the Qur'anic conception in a good and right way. Education starts from the womb until they are justified so that parents are separated from their responsibilities to them. The family is the child's first environment for learning. What is seen, heard and done in his family, will imprint on the child personally until they grow up so that education in the family determines their moral development when they are in another environment. Child coaching is carried out through, for example, good examples, attitude
formation and training. character and personality of a person is formed from two side factors namely biological factors and environmental factors


The proliferation of preferential trade agreements in Asia may result in a number of hub and spoke configures with Japan, China and ASEAN competing as regional hub of bilateral FTAs. Using a newly developed global CGE model with imperfect competition, increasing return to scale and heterogeneous firm, we explore the potential economic effects of alternative hub and spoke configurations in Asia. The simulations results suggest that the regionalism approach to integration in the Asian context can hardly act as building block of global trade liberalization, if it is confined to shallow integration only. However, the regional trade agreements involving deep integration measures provide promising path towards global free trade.


Objective: The present study aimed to develop a scale to assess end-of-life nursing care provided by home-visit nurses for cancer patients and examine its reliability and validity. Methods: A draft of the Scale to Assess End-of-life Nursing Care Provided by Home-visit Nurses for Cancer Patients was created based on data extracted qualitatively and inductively from the results of a field survey and literature review. A self-completed questionnaire survey involving home-visit nurses across Japan was conducted, using a 5-grade Likert method with 23 items, and 669 nurses were selected as analysis subjects. Results: A factor analysis based on the maximum likelihood promax rotation was conducted. Two factors (15 items) were extracted: [Support provided for cancer patients and their families to live a secure and peaceful life] and [Support provided through interprofessional collaboration to provide reliable home care and respond to sudden changes in conditions]. The reliability and validity of the scale were examined, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the entire scale was .948, and the criterion-related validity was .745. The goodness of fit of the model was as follows: GFI = .882, AGFI = .841, CFI = .925, and RMSEA = .097. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that the reliability and validity of the scale were within the permissible ranges, and that it can be used by home-visit nurses and managers of home-visit nursing stations who support cancer patients living at home and their families, as indices of the characteristics and levels of their nursing care support.


In this paper, we consider joint power and time allocation for wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs). We propose a novel system model that allows users to first harvest energy from the power station (PS) in downlink, and then concurrently send data information to their access points (APs) in uplink. For fixed users' data demands, we provide an iterative algorithm to compute the transmit power and time of each user by using the properties of standard interference mappings. As an exemplary application of the proposed model, we further investigate the minimum throughput maximization problem, which aims at achieving high data rates but also ensures fairness among users. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the theoretical findings and to show the advantage of our proposed model compared to previous protocols.


A campaign on the open cluster NGC 5617 was organized in order to characterize the pulsations and to better understand the internal structure of its stars. The variability of the cluster members was never studied before. We present the observations taken and an up-to-date analysis of the obtained time series, especially of several SPB candidates we discovered.


Using a sample of $(10087\pm44)\times 10^6$ $J/\psi$ events, which is about fifty times larger than that was previously analyzed, a further investigation on the $J/\psi \rightarrow \gamma 3(\pi^+\pi^-)$ decay is performed. A significant distortion at 1.84 GeV/$c^2$ in the line-shape of the $3(\pi^+\pi^-)$ invariant mass spectrum is observed for the first time, which is analogous to the behavior of $X(1835)$ and could be resolved by two overlapping resonant structures, $X(1840)$ and $X(1880)$. The new state $X(1880)$ is observed with a statistical significance of $14.7\sigma$. The mass and width of $X(1880)$ are determined to be $1882.1\pm1.7\pm0.7$ MeV/$c^2$ and $30.7\pm5.5 \pm2.4$ MeV, respectively, which indicates the existence of a $p\bar{p}$ bound state.


To observe the clinical outcome of surgical treatment of Volkmann contracture with a three-stage operation. Methods 32 cases of late Valkmann contracture of the forearm treated with a three-stage operation from 1992 to 2004 were involved in the study. In the first stage operation, distal sliding of flexor muscles and exploration of the vasculature and nerves were performed, the degenerated and necrosed muscles which lost its elasticity were severed or resected to improve the extension of the wrist, the fingers and the thumb. The muscles were preserved or lengthened if their elasticity was good. In the second stage, tendon transfer, free or pedicled muscle transfer was performed. In the third stage, tenolysis and reconstruction of intrinsic muscle function were performed, followed with a 2-3 months rehabilitation regimen. Long-term outcomes of hand function was assessed. Results Postoperative follow-up ranged from 10 to 24 months. 22 cases were graded as excellent (S3M4), 6 as good(S3M3), 2 as fair (S2M2), and 2 as poor (S1M0). 22 cases achieved wrist extension of more than 30 degrees and grip strength of more than 70% of that of the contralateral side. 6 cases had wrist extension of more than 20 degrees and grip strength of more than 55 % of that of the contralateral side. The overall satisfactory rate was 87.5 % . Conclusion A staged operation combined with supervised rehabilitation was an effective approach for improving functional recovery of late Volkmann contracture.


Objective To compare the effects on hemodynamics from different target concentrations of sufentanil combined with etomidate infused by TCI during induction course.Methods Sixty patients undergoing selective surgery with general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups with 20 cases each.The etomidate concentrations were separately 0.4,0.5 and 0.6μg/ml at the beginning,was administered by TCI in three steps.Then the concentrations of TCI sufentanil were respectively 0.2,0.3 and 0.4ng/ml for group I,0.3μg/ml group Ⅱand 0.4μg/ml group Ⅲin the effect-site.The BP and HR were recorded before anesthesia(T0),when the concentrations of etomidate were 0.4μg/ml(T1),0.5μg/ml(T2),0.6μg/ml(T3),the target-controlled concentrations of the sufentanil were 1min(T4),1min(T5),3min(T6)and 5min(T7) after being balanced,and intubation in the MAP,HR and BIS.Results BP at T5~T7 in groupⅠand at T5~T6 in groupⅡand group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those at T4(P0.05).HR at T5~T8 in group I and at T6~T7 in group Ⅲ increased rapidly(P0.05).Conclusions It is recommended that when the mixtured etomidate should be infused in concentration 0.6mg/ml and that of sufentanil in effect site 0.3ng/ml it is suitable for tracheal intubation.


Cellulose is the principal ingredient of cell wall in bamboo.Small microfibrils were crystallized by 36 tails of β-1,4 glucoside chains that were catalyzed by cellulose synthases.Phylogeny,physical properties,transmembrane domains and secondary structures were studied by bioinformatics tools basing on complete protein sequences of bamboo from GeneBank.The results showed that the CesAs from Bambusa oldhamii and Phyllostachy edulis were highly homologous sequence with those from oryza sativa.5,6 or 8 transmembrane domains were in their proteins with pI from 6.16 to 8.62.Alpha helix,beta turn,extended strand and random coil were existed in secondary structures without 310helix,Pi helix,beta bridge,bend region,ect.


150 cases of scoliosis were treated with Chi's rod and multi-screws fixation distraction-compression system via vertebral pedicle. The result showed that if the Cobb' s angle was over 100°, the mean correction rate was 59. 2%, if the Cobb's angle was within 50~100° the mean correction rate was 68. 63% and if the Cobb's angle was below 50°, the mean correction rate was 76.71%, The faults within the operation included imprecise drilling point (2. 4%), breaking of meninges and pleura (0. 27%), injury of nerve root (0. 13%). The mean complication rates after the operation were 3.3%of broking rod, O.41% of broking screws, 0. 82% of bending screws, 0. 41 % of lossening of screws,2% of infection of the incision,4% recurrence of the malformation and 3. 3% of pseudoarthrosis.


Research has identified three categories of factors that influence transfer of learning to the workplace, those related to the individual learners, the training design and the work environment. This research concentrates on the later increasingly recognized as having a marked influence on transfer. It concentrates more specifically on the posttraining support provided at the organizational, supervisory and peer level in an international cooperation context. The purpose of this exploratory and qualitative research, is to better understand the posttraining support characteristics which facilitate transfer of learning to the workplace. The country selected is Haiti. The sample consists of five groups totaling 28 individual learners, 7 supervisors and 3 representatives of organization. Our method was through semi-structured interviews and content analysis. Results show that organizations which give high priority to training and have a leadership style focusing on collaboration, motivation and participation of employees and a work climate featuring a strong team spirit and solidarity are perceived as favorable to transfer. Post-training support by the supervisor emphasizes administration and management functions. The task of supervising is being shared by several individuals. The supervisor is mainly working as coach and facilitator, has a supportive management style and gives regular feedback. Support should concentrate on evaluating learning and transfer, focus on the training content and be provided according to needs and difficulties encountered. The desired qualities for a supervisor are of operational, communicational and personal nature. The determination to apply, to share and to collaborate and an appreciation toward the training received represent the characteristics of the peer attitude and behavior. The post-training strategies which have helped the most transfer to the workplace are firstly supervisory support and than organizational support. Transfer main obstacles are lack of means and material and the unfavorable dispositions of certain indirect beneficiaries, concerns which are associated with developing countries' context and resistance to change. Finally, it is mainly the individual learners who contribute substantially to meeting obstacles and finding solutions. Key-words : transfer of learning – posttraining support – workplace training – capacity strengthening – international cooperation – non-formal training human resources development


About half of all American adults are living with at least one chronic condition.1 Most chronic diseases are attributable to a short list of modifiable risk factors: high blood pressure, tobacco use, obesity, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol use, and poor diet (see the Behaviors chapter for more data).2 Fortunately, addressing the same risk factors can also serve as strategies to lessen the burden of chronic disease. The risk factors must be addressed at two levels: the individual level (including healthcare interventions) and the population level (policies and environments that promote health). This chapter summarizes the burden of some of the common chronic diseases.


Cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles with the diameter of about 3.4nm have been synthesized from the mixed aqueous solution of distilled water and diethanolamine at room temperature. The cadmium chloride (), sodium selenosulfate () were used as the cadmium and selenium source, respectively. The properties of CdSe nanoparticles were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis measurements. CdSe nanoparticles were analyzed to be cubic phase with the absorption excition peaks between 540 and 600 nm. CdSe nanoparticles also showed red-shifted excition peaks with increasing the sonication time. This paper mainly presents the sonication effects on the formation of CdSe nanoparticles prepared from the mixed aqueous solution of distilled water and diethanolamine.


In this paper we obtain a new class of transformation formulae (without an explicit presence of a derivative) for the integrals containing products of factors $|\zf|^2$ with respect to two components of a disconnected set on the critical line.


developed and discusses the issues which must be considered in future development. It consists of 29 papers written by natural and social scientists and research administrators associated with international and national agricultural research institutes and academic institutions throughout the world. Most of the papers were prepared for a conference held in January 1975 at Airlie House, Virginia, sponsored by the Agricultural Development Council, to examine recent evidence of the returns to investment in national and international agricultural research systems, and to explore the relevance of social and economic factors for the management of such systems. As the editors point out, it is not easy to present conference papers by such a varied group of writers in a single volume. An introductory paper by Arndt and Ruttan sets out the problems and issues in valuing productivity of agricultural research, followed by the other papers in six sections with a minimum of cross-referencing under the titles Productivity of National Research Systems; Productivity of International Research Systems; Organization and Development of the International Research System; Organization and Management of Agriculture Research Systems; Economic and Social Factors in Research Resource Allocation; and the Future of the International Research System. These titles provide a fair indication of the wide scope of the material presented which varies from the very broad to treatment of economic minutiae. Although the bias may be marginally in the direction of the international institutes, there is very general support for the view that these will not achieve their objectives unless there are also properly established national research systems with which they can collaborate. There is something here for everyone, whatever their interest in or responsibility for agricultural research.


Within the present study, the opinions of the 1st year students from the department of mathematics teaching about the use of web adventure in the course of introduction to computer were investigated. The study group of the present study consists of 40 pre-service teachers. The students created groups of 2 or 3 students. The groups were asked to determine the characteristics to be possessed by a good teacher and then to make some comments and create graphs related to these characteristics. The students' comments and graphs were organized in a presentation program and then presented to their classmates. At the end of the application, a data collection tool aiming to elicit the students' opinions about the application was administered. The data collected were analyzed by two evaluators. And as a result, it was found that web adventure is a different and effective method and can be used in various courses by means of some enrichment.


Shear failure of reinforced concrete beams is usually sudden, occur without sufficient advanced warning. This type of shear failure is considered to be high risk type of failure. The cost and safety of shear reinforcement in reinforced concrete beams led to the study of other alternatives. Designers try to avoid the shear mode of failure when designing reinforced concrete beam due to the sudden nature of shear failure. Swimmer bar system is a new type of shear reinforcement. It is a small inclined bar, with its both ends bent horizontally for a short distance and welded to both top and bottom flexural steel reinforcement. Regardless of the number of swimmer bars used in each inclined plane, the swimmer bars form plane-crack interceptor system instead of bar-crack interceptor system when stirrups are used. Test results of reinforced concrete beams will be presented. The effectiveness of the new swimmer bar system as related to the old stirrup system will be discussed. Beam deformation is also measured in the laboratory.

 Key words: Swimmer bar, deflection, shear, crack, stirrup.


Goat, which is also known as 'Poor man's cow', is an important source of income for the marginalized section of rural population that owns majority of the small ruminants (Ali et al., 2007). A persistent rise in demand for animal products due to changes in consumer tastes and expanding markets; particularly in developing countries showing expansion in wealth has created a challenge for animal scientists to meet this demand by optimization of housing for better production (Hopkins et al., 2007).

https://www.ijcmas.com/8-2-2019/Mohit Antil2, et al.pdf