The CDH-1 gene encodes for the cell adhesive protein E-cadherin and patients with germline CDH-1 mutations have an increased risk of diffuse gastric cancer. They are offered close endoscopic surveillance or prophylactic gastrectomy. This is our experience with screening, counseling, and ultimately, prophylactic laparoscopic total gastrectomy. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a rare form of gastric cancer with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern caused by a mutation on the CDH-1 gene. The first prophylactic gastrectomy was first published in 2001, and laparoscopic approach is an acceptable, minimally invasive approach.1 The rarity of laparoscopic gastrectomy for CDH-1 mutations limits outcomes research to case reports and case series. Here we present our experience with two patients undergoing laparoscopic prophylactic gastrectomy for CDH-1 mutation.


Background : Heart failure is the progressive disease with many clinical manifestation. Early diagnosis and therapy can avoid hospital care and reduce healthcare costs. Biomarker assay like NT-proBNP has been studied as test for diagnosis, management and prognosis for heart failure patients Aim : To determine the relationship between the level of NT-proBNP and heart failure, and to determine the relationship between the level of NTproBNP and the severity of heart failure Method : Cross sectional study was conducted at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan on October to December 2008. Every patients was examined with history taking, physical examination, 12 lead ECG, renal function test and blood glucose. Those patients were grouped into NYHA l-ll and NYHA lllIV. NT-proBNP was examined after that. T-independent test was used to compare the level of NT-proBNP and the severity of heart failure Results : From 24 eligible subjects that grouped into 2 group. There were 12 (50%) NYHA l-ll and 12 (50%) NYHA lll-IV with 17 (70,8%) men and 7 (29,2%) women. The mean age was 54,88±12,13 years. The mean level of NT-proBNP from each group NYHA l-ll and NYHA lll-IV respectively were 1067,25±552,59 and 2993,33±1052,81 pg/ml. There was a significant difference between the level of NT-proBNP in NYHA l-ll compared to NYHA lll-IV (p=0,0001) Conclusions : There was significantly increasing the level of NT-proBNP according to the severity of heart failure


In the cation of the title salt, the central thiazolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation. In the crystal N-H ··· Br hydrogen bonds link the components into a bi-dimensional network with the cations and anions stacked parallel to plane (101). The molecular structure shows several positional disorders over -CF3 and thiazolidine fragments and these were modeled. The weak intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure are mainly constituted by H ··· F, H ·· · π and H ··· Br. Hirshfeld surface analysis were used to verify the contributions of the different intermolecular interactions.


Chinese character is a treasure of Chinese traditional culture,is also an important element of modern design.Graphical design of Chinese character gives more fully expression to sound,shape,and meaning of Chinese character.Starting with the relationship between graphical design of Chinese character and hieroglyphs,creative expressions of Chinese character were discussed,including fully visualization,replacement and isomorphism,decomposition and reconstruction,and painting and calligraphy combination.


An aneurysm is a localized, blood-filled balloon-like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel. It is a cardiovascular health disease that occurs when the blood vessel becomes weak. Aneurysms can occur in any blood vessel commonly seen in artery of circle of Willis in the brain, aortic aneurysm affecting the thoracic aorta and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Aneurysm rupture is a complex phenomenon, depending on the maximum diameter, locally varying mechanical properties of arterial wall, distribution of internal pressure, wall stress, asymmetry, saccular index, presence of intra luminal thrombus, and tortuosity etc. The dilation of aneurysm and the risk of rupture depend on a complex interplay between hemodynamic stresses and biomechanical reactions occurring inside the arterial wall, which are affected by blood flow patterns. The blood flow patterns in aneurysm are affected by the change in geometry of aneurysm. Thus, the flow pattern related to various geometrical aspects of aneurysm need to characterise for better understanding the cause and characteristics of the disease. This study is focusing on abdominal aortic aneurysm. In the present work, an effort has been made to numerically predict the flow characteristics of blood, related to risk of rupture for two dimensional, rigid aneurysm models with variation of Reynolds number ranging from 50 to 400 and Length ratio ranging from 0.5009 to 1.996. The commercial CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software ANSYS 14.5 (FLUENT) is used to design the computation field, meshing and further post-processing. The different hemodynamic factors like streamline contour, wall static pressure distribution and wall shear stress characteristics at the potential locations are investigated. From the flow simulation, it is observed that the flow through an aneurismal artery consists of two main parts, a high velocity flow in the middle of the geometry with slow recirculation bubbles in the area of the aneurysm cavity. This condition may increase the blood residence time and so the thrombus formation. A peak wall static pressure and peak wall shear stress gradient are found at distal end of aneurysm. The peak static pressure can be the cause of further dilation of arterial wall. The elevated level of wall shear stress may lead to damage of endothelial wall of distal end of aneurysm. It is found that posterior bulging, i.e. greater length ratio leads to increment in peak wall shear stress and maximum wall static pressure at distal end. The magnitudes of peak wall shear stress and maximum wall static pressure are having linearly varying nature with increase in Reynolds number.


The integrated navigation of SINS/Beidou system is studied. The mathematic model of integrated system is built up. Because of the unknown characteristic error of double-star system,the whole system is realized by the technology of a simplified adaptive Kalman filter.Meanwhile a solution to the delay problems in the instrumentation is proposed.In the end, the result of simulation indicates that the integrated navigation has high precision ,the system design method is successful ,and it has better value of engineering application.


ABSTRACT The high nitrogen nutrient requirement of maize is a major production constraint in areas that have a low availability of soil nitrogen. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to characterize open-pollinated varieties of maize by identifying possible sources of variability targeting low N environments. Twelve experimental varieties and two checks, AL Avaré and Ipanema, were cultivated under high and low nitrogen levels and evaluated for chlorophyll content index, lodging, prolificacy and grain yield. The results indicate that the applied nitrogen resulted in differences in the chlorophyll content index between environments. Nitrogen level affected the percentage of lodged plants of varieties K and L. Grain yield and lodging were the traits that most affected genotypic variability, and 17% of the studied varieties were considered as superior due to higher lodging-resistance and higher grain yield.


Aim: This study was conducted to compare the effects of enrichment nutrients, NPK (Nitrogen, Posphorus, Potassium) and organic wastes on the growth of indigenous bacterial species in spent lubricating oil contaminated water. Six bacterial species which were isolated from spent lubricating oil impacted soils (Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Actinomyces sp., Acinetobacter sp., Enterobacter sp., and Micrococcus sp.,) and showed profuse utilization of spent lubricating oil on screening, were used for this study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, between 2018 and 2019. Methodology: The study and was conducted using Mineral Salts Medium broth, spent lubricating oil substrate and NPK (20:10:10), Chicken droppings and Cow dung as nutrient sources (biostimulants). The effect of the biostimulants on the growth of the bacterial isolates was assessed weekly for 14 days by measuring the turbidity, bacterial counts and pH. Results: Pseudomonas sp. recorded the highest count of 1.16E+19 CFU/ml, 2.53E+17 CFU/ml and 1.74E+14 CFU/ml for biostimulation with NPK, Chicken droppings and Cow dungs respectively. Original Research Article Laurelta; JALSI, 23(3): 39-48, 2020; Article no.JALSI.56621 40 The treatment with NPK enhanced the bacterial isolates most, of the three treatments used at the end of the test period. The pH values obtained for the test cultures at the end of the study, ranged from 6.52±0.02 for Enterobacter sp. in Cow dung treated cultures to7.85±0.03 for Pseudomonas sp.in NPK treated cultures. The values were within the optimum biodegradation range of 6.50 -8.50. There was significant difference between the bacterial counts obtained with the cultures treated with NPK and Chicken droppings (P=0.006), between NPK and cow dungs (P = 0.031) and between NPK and the control (P = 0.033). The study affirms the benefits of using organic wastes in the bioremediation process of hydrocarbon contaminated sites; it enhances the nutrients required by the bacteria for the remediation process and it's a waste management strategy for disposing these organic wastes at very minimal costs and in an ecofriendly manner.


We seem reluctant to accept a simple fact. The structures of thought and implementation, whether in the imaginary area of concepts and creativity, or within the more rigid and defined disciplines of scientific and technological application, must of necessity undergo major transformation when attempting to overcome persistent crises and failures. If we are agreed, as I believe we are, that our world can no longer progress along the accepted pathways, then we have to evolve new and very different frameworks for tackling the global problematique.


A graph G is called preperfect if each induced subgraph G' C G of order at least 2 has two vertices x, y such that either all maximum cliques of G' containing x contain y, or all maximum independent sets of G' containing y contain x, too. Giving a partial answer to a problem of Hammer and Maffray [Combinatorica 13 (1993), 199-208], we describe new classes of minimally non-preperfect graphs, and prove the following characterizations: (i) A graph of maximum degree 4 is minimally non-preperfect if and only if it is an odd cycle of length at least 5, or the complement of a cycle of length 7, or the line graph of a 3-regular 3-connected bipartite graph. (ii) If a graph G is not an odd cycle and has no isolated vertices, then its line graph is minimally non-preperfect if and only if G is bipartite, 3-edge-connected, regular of degree d for some d > 3, and contains no 3-edge-connected (/'-regular subgraph for any 3 < d! < d.


Asphaltic binders are highly important to asphaltic paving mixtures in providing a durable pavement. However, standard routine tests do not indicate, in a satisfactory manner, the required engineering properties, and a vast amount of research has been performed in an effort to improve this situation. Researchers have recently begun studying viscoelasticity theory to explain mechanical behavior of asphalts. The results of these studies simply confirmed a well known fact; namely, that the mechancial properties of an asphalt are dependent on the temperature and speed of loading. Recognition of these concepts has allowed a better understanding of required engineering properties for paving grade asphalts. In 1943, an initial progress report was presented on the authors' studies concerned with asphaltic materials. This paper gives results obtained since then and a tentative specification for paving grade asphalts that is based on standard and recently developed test methods.


The aim of this study was recycling of gold and silver from the old computers using the hydrometallurgical process. Previous disassembled computer components are leached in three different ways. Except the direct leaching in aqua regia, two and three phases leaching were carried out. The two-phase leaching consisted of the first leaching in nitric acid, and the second phase in aqua regia. The three-phase leaching was carried out, firstly by leaching in hydrochloric acid in order to remove the tin, then in nitric acid in order to leach silver and, at the end, using aqua regia for gold dissolving. The best results, leaching degree of 98% for silver and gold, were obtained the for three-phase leaching. The purity of obtained metals was 99.99%.


We classify all CG(t)-signalizers, where G is a finite group of Lie type and t is an automorphism
of G of prime order s > 3. Our results extend existing work by Korchagina ([Ko], [Ko2]).


Relationship initiation research supports the existence of 5 styles of communicating romantic interest in others: traditional, physical, sincere, playful, and polite. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on a large adult sample (N = 5,020) supported the existence of the styles. Styles predictably corresponded with self-monitoring and a 5-factor personality model. Women scored higher on all styles, except the playful style. Predictive validity was demonstrated by correlating styles to courtship initiation behaviors and past relationship experiences. The physical, sincere, and playful styles correlated with more dating success. The physical and sincere styles correlated with rapid relational escalation of important relationships with more emotional connection and greater physical chemistry.


Objectives: To review the published evidence of repurposed drugs, antivirals and biologics for the treatment of COVID-19.

Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted in several databases and research portals. Search terms included COVID-19, SARS-Cov-2, MERS, MERS-CoV, SARS, SARS-CoV, coronavirus, beta-coronavirus, influenza, pneumonia and several drugs considered for use in COVID-19.

Results: There is a paucity of clinical evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of most agents being considered for the treatment of COVID-19. However, based on promising preliminary research the US Food and Drugs Administration has authorized the emergency use of hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. To date, the most robust evidence for lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r) found that it was no better than standard care. Overwhelming evidence suggests that corticosteroids increase mortality, nosocomial infections and lengthen hospitalization in SARS and MERS patients, and should be used cautiously in patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Additionally, low level evidence suggests that tocilizumab may be useful to reduce the cytokine storm precipitated by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions: Hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir have surged to the front of the race to repurpose drugs in the fight against COVID-19. With hundreds of ongoing trials it is envisaged that indisputable evidence would be provided for prophylactic and therapeutic use of drugs and biologics within the next few months. However, in our setting it would be worthwhile to consider the availability and accessibility of some of these agents.


Abstract Aromatic aldehydes are smoothly converted into the corresponding acylals in good yields in the presence of 3–10 mol% Bi(NO3)3·5H2O. Ketones are not affected under the reaction conditions. The relatively non-toxic nature of the catalyst, its ease of handling, easy availability and low cost make this procedure especially attractive for large-scale synthesis.


Automatic methods of calculating canvas thread counts from x-rays of paintings reveal a systematic pattern for warp and weft thread densities that persists along the respective thread directions. These patterns can be used to find paintings that have matching weave patterns, with warp-thread pattern matches more prevalent than weft-thread matches when trying to associate paintings to the same canvas. Exploring the commercial priming process provides a way to interpret canvas matches found from thread counting: when can two paintings that express weave matches be declared to come from the same roll? In addition, the automatic technique must take into account the variations in thread angles to extract the thread count. The resulting angle maps readily indicate the presence of weak and strong cusping. The weft-thread angle map in particular provides additional insights into the canvas weaving process and can be used to elaborate weave matches.


This paper brieey presents a new discrimination network algorithm called Gator that is a generalization of the widely known Rete and TREAT algorithms. Gator is designed as a target for a discrimination network optimizer. Several strategies for optimizing Gator networks were implemented, and then tested and compared using randomly generated simulated rule structures as input. The optimization methods evaluated include dynamic programming (akin to traditional relation database query optimization), simulated annealing, iterative improvement (hill climbing from multiple random starting points), and a blend of simulated annealing and iterative improvement called two-phase optimization. Regardless of the optimization algorithm used, simulation indicates that optimized Gator networks can be expected to substantially outperform Rete and TREAT networks in most cases. The results indicate that two-phase optimization is the preferred optimization method, followed closely by iterative improvement. Both run fast and produce high quality results, even for rules with many condition elements, which dynamic programming cannot handle. Moreover, two-phase optimization produces better quality results than dynamic programming, even for rules with a relatively small number of condition elements, because 2PO explores a less constrained search space.


We prove non-uniqueness for a class of weak solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations which have bounded kinetic energy, integrable vorticity, and are smooth outside a fractal set of singular times with Hausdorff dimension strictly less than 1.


Background: The incidence of dysmenorrhea is quite high worldwide. According to WHO's data, on the average incidence of dysmenorrhea in young women is 16,8 – 81%. The impact of untreated primary dysmenorrhea is disruption of activity, retrograde menstruation, infertility, endometriosis, rupture ectopic pregnancy, and cyst. The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between stress and primary dysmenorrhea.
Methods: This study used a cross sectional study design. The sample of this research are the S-1 female students at the faculty of Public Health, Sriwijaya University's of class 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 chosen based on simple random sampling method.
Result : That there are two variables related to primary dysmenorrhea's incidence is stress (p-value=0,015) and exercise (p-value=0,032). There are no relation of nutritional status (p-value=0,960), menarche age (p-value=0,593), duration of menstruation (p-value=0,274), amount of sleep time (p-value=0,504), and menstruation cycle (p-value=0,323) to primary dysmenorrhea's incidence. Stres risk 2,717 higher occuring to primary dysmenorrhea's compared with non stres female students, where exercise and duration of menstruation are confounding relationship between stress and incidence of primary dysmenorrhea
Conclusion: Stress is related to primary dysmenorrhea's incidence after controlled by exercise and duration of menstruation. Students are expected to be able to avoid or control stress by acting and positive mindset, learning to accept what it is, expressing feelings that become a burden of the mind, doing a favorite hobby, doing meditation, confident and not low self and doing exercise 3-5 times a week or for 30 minutes in one exercise.


Consider a function whose set of vector arguments with known distribution is described by a trellis. For a certain class of functions, the distribution of the function values can be calculated in the trellis. The forward/backward recursion known from the BCJR algorithm [2] is generalized to compute the moments of these distributions. In analogy to the symbol probabilities, by introducing a constraint at a certain depth in the trellis we obtain symbol distributions and symbol moments, respectively. These moments are required for an efficient implementation of the discriminated belief propagation algorithm in [8], and can furthermore be utilized to compute conditional entropies in the trellis.

The moment computation algorithm has the same asymptotic complexity as the BCJR algorithm. It is applicable to any commutative semi-ring, thus actually providing a generalization of the Viterbi algorithm [10].


The aim of this study was to evaluate the productivity, costs, and tree damage caused by machines in first thinning operations. The study was carried out in a 10 year old pine stand with two thinni...


This article is about globalisation and its local impact in a rural Community in central Senegal. Following Kloos (2000b) globalisation is hère defined as thé rise and extension of transnational, ultimately global régimes. A régime can be defined as a more or less formalised constellation of human interdependencies in which implicit and/or explicit principles, rules and decision-making procédures created by actors enable as well as constrain their activities in a given area of activity. A régime becomes transnational once thé constellation of human interdependencies transcends state boundaries. We will go into one such transnational regime, the 'donor regime', in which assistance from thé west is acquired-if southern states meet certain conditions. One such condition is applying 'good governance' by the aid-receiving country. The centrality of 'good governance' in the approaches of donor institutions dates from thé end of thé 1980s (World Bank, 1989, 1992, Hyden & Bratton, 1992). Within the donor Community the idea took root that liberal market forces linked to political democracy and décentralisation will foster development, in that it will lead to greater efficiency and to broader populär participation; the state has to change its rôle from centralist and dictating to enabling. As a conséquence of this shift in development-thinking during the 1990s many policies and programmes for promoting 'good governance' were initiated, such as décentralisation programmes and donor or NGO projects aiming at 'strengthening civil society'. It may be queried, however, whether this notion of good governance as a motor of development that is spreading throughout thé world as a resuit of donor interventions will make good its promises once implemented. Critics argue that the paradigm of 'good governance' attends too little to thé local context in which this général notion is to be implemented. Thus, as in the past, in many African states thé political culture scarcely allows for independent opération of local government councils or local organisations. Fowler (1991) argues that the first priority of the state in Africa is to maintain its hegemony. This is considered more important than providing scope for 'development'. Although 'less state' is followed by a transfer of decision-making authority to local government, state control is maintained. In Senegal, for example, state influence in local rural councils is assured by a vertical System of party patronage, in which local patrons are clients of politicians at higher levels of administration. Means of the state are used to keep the System going; people participate in order to get access to thèse means (Blundo, 1991,1995,Gellar, 1996,Ribot,


In simple, well-structured problem solving, assessment is straight-forward since there is usually a single correct answer to such problems. In the case of complex, ill-structured problems, such as instructional design problems, typically, performance on actual problems, while generally desirable for determining actual level of expertise, is less appropriate since these often require teams of experts and specialists interacting over a period of months to develop an actual solution. Furthermore, it is hard to evaluate individual students on the basis of their actual performances since such problems do not have standard 'correct' responses. Given this situation, the motivation underlying this study was the lack of a reliable assessment method to determine progress in higher-order learning in situations involving complex and ill-structured problems. One may argue that differences in performance-outcomes imply domain experts conceptualize ill-structured problems differently. Another alternative explanation may be that experts do conceptualize a given problem similarly but there are other factors that lead to different performance-outcomes of experts. In this case, expert problem conceptualizations could be used as a basis for assessment. In this direction, this study aimed at (1) exploring the processes underlying complex, ill-structured problem solving of instructional design experts to investigate whether expert instructional designers exhibit recognizable patterns in their conceptualizations of a given instructional design problem; and (2) investigating the utility of annotated causal representations for eliciting problem conceptualizations of experts in a complex, ill-structured problem domain such as instructional design. The results of this study suggested that annotated causal representations are useful in eliciting problem conceptualizations of individuals and identifying their relative levels of expertise. In addition, expert instructional designers exhibited recognizable patterns in their conceptualizations of the given instructional design problem. Despite these similarities, however, each expert offered different solution approaches for the given problem. This was explained by the differences in the processes underlying wellstructured and complex, ill-structured problem solving. Unlike in well-structured problem solving, problem conceptualization and problem solution are not two separate activities in ill-structured problem solving. Rather, they are intimately connected; they complete each other, and develop in parallel. Copyright 2006 Deniz Eseryel All Rights Reserved


This paper describes an arch type steel footbridge, its analytical modeling, modal testing, finite-element model updating, and dynamic analysis. A modern steel footbridge which has an arch type structural system and is located on the Karadeniz coast road in Trabzon, Turkey is selected as an application. An analytical modal analysis is performed on the developed three-dimensional finite-element model of footbridge to provide analytical frequencies and mode shapes. Field ambient vibration tests on the footbridge deck under natural excitation such as human walking and traffic loads are conducted. The output-only modal parameter identification is carried out by using peak picking of the average normalized power spectral densities in the frequency domain and stochastic subspace identification in the time domain, and dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios are determined. The finite-element model of the footbridge is updated to minimize the differences between analyt...


The paper critically reviews existing published and unpublished literature on the methodologies for estimation of marketed surplus and private stocks of rice in Bangladesh and enumerates their strengths and weaknesses, then suggest alternative concepts and methods to overcome them.


Abstract A Vigenère cipher applies a single short key repeatedly to encrypt a plaintext. If a cryptanalyst correctly finds out the key length, the ciphertext can be divided into multiple instances of shift cipher and be broken by frequency analysis. To determine the key length, the twist algorithm, an alternate method to the standard Kasiski and Friedman tests, was recently proposed. In this article, we propose the twist+ algorithm, an improved twist algorithm, which can estimate the key length more accurately than the original twist algorithm.


The values of mental products should be evaluated through philosophy instead of economics. The types of mental products are complicated because there are many factors in them, such as mental products and their producers and receivers, their contents, their methods of understanding the world, their meeting the human needs as well as their economic relationships.


Introduction: Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2012 14 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths. (WHO, 2019). Patients in treatment, surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been shown to have high levels of cortisol that influence their quality of life. Objective: to identify the relationship between stress, cortisol level and coping strategies in cancer patients undergoing treatment. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study conducted June to December 2018. In 65 male and female patients under treatment. Results: 68.2% were women 31.8% men, between 17 and 76 years. With diagnoses Ca breast (30.3%), prostate cancer (18.3), colon (15.2), lung (13.6), cervical (12.1% gastric (9.1%) skin cancer (1.5%). Statistics: 35.3% reported cortisol at normal levels and 64.5% high levels; stress averaged 13.9 (DE s 4.64). On the level of cortisol and the type of treatment, significant differences were observed (X2 x 1,546, p .04), i.e. the patient who has a mixed treatment cortisol is higher. Conclusions: It is important to reevaluate the strategies focused on the problem, analyze implications and propose studies in the context in which they operate, in the future develop an intervention including nursing activities in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, supporting effective coping strategies. minimizing threats focused on the problem, it is important to have a deeper comprehensive approach.


Progress was made on the Cancun Climate Change Conference with the compromise of different countries,including continuance of "Kyoto Protocol",emission reduction,forest protection,reduction transparence,fund assistance,and so on.However,essential progress wasn't made because of countries' divergence on their core benefit,especially for the unsettled negotiation on the second phrase of "Kyoto Protocol".As a responsible developing country,China played crucial role on the conference.There is still a lot of work to do for the climate change after Cancun Conference.


Antimony dimercapto-succinate (TWSb) has been introduced in recent years for the treatment of the three main types of human bilharziasis. Preliminary pharmacological studies indicated reduced toxicity compared with the older antimonials (Friedheim et al., 1954). In view of the known cardiographic changes following the use of other trivalent antimonials, the effects of this new preparation were studied.


The  purpose  of  this  study  is  to  determine  the  level  of  feasibility  and  provide recommendations  related  to  improvements  made  by  Combined  Farmer  Group  Coffee  Maju Mapan of the principle of sustainable agroindustry. This research is conducted because of the high  growth  in  coffee  production  in  Jember  Regency  since  2016  and  the  high  potential  of Combined  Farmer  Group  Maju  Mapan  to  develop  sustainably  due  to  the  assistance  of  credit funds from Bank BPR Jatim. The research data required in this study is obtained directly from the  Combined  Farmer  Group  Maju  Mapan  coffee  and  documents  owned  by  the  Combined Farmer Group Coffee Maju Mapan. Data collection techniques in this research are field survey, interview,  and  documentation.  The  data  analysis  technique  used  in  this  research  is  using  the basic principle of sustainability agroindustry. The results of this study indicate that Combined Farmer Group Maju Mapan consists of 6 groups of farmers  with decent business if based on the  principle  of  sustainable  agroindustry.  The  results  showed  that  the  level  of  production  of farming  Combined  Farmer  Group  Maju  Mapan  greater  than  the  area  of  land  managed.  The results  also  indicate  that  farming  Combined  Farmer  Group  Maju  Mapan  has  BC  value  ratio more than 1. The business of Combined Farmer Group Kopi Maju Mapan has a good method related to the maintenance of coffee plant resources through the mixing of natural and artificial fertilizers, so this does not cause the soil to be damaged and produce more quality coffee plants tub.  Combined  Farmer  Group  Kopi  Maju  Mapan  is  also  able  to  manage  the  waste  generated from  coffee  processing  to  be  used  as  raw  material  to  produce  liquid  fertilizer,  so  it  can  be recovered and reduce the negative impact to the environment.


In La-Mg-Ni type of hydrogen storage alloy with type A 2 B 7 as the research object,it was systematically analyzed that effects of the A,B-side element content on the electrochemical properties of the alloy.The discharge capacity and the discharge capacity decay rate of La 1-m-n-y Pr m Nd n Mg y(Ni 1-z Co z) x were discussed.Results showed that the discharge capacities of alloys with B / A value first increased and then decreased.When x =3.5,the discharge capacity of the alloy was maximum and the alloy discharge capacity decay rate was minimum.The best ratio of the alloy was optimized which was La 0.5 Pr 0.2 Nd 0.1 Mg 0.2(Ni 0.8 Co 0.2) 3.5.XRD analysis showed that all of alloys main phases of La 1-m-n-y Pr m Nd n Mg y(Ni 1-z Co z) x were La 2 Ni 7 phases with Ce 2 Ni 7 type.


An introduction to the present situation and the major problems of marine logistics industry in Fujian Province was given,and some measures for its development were put forth.


ICU defined as an intensive monitoring place and life support activities as well as definite therapy in life-threatens disease patients. In this Unit, patients generally receive treatment from various doctors that a patient can receive a variety of drugs from different doctors (polypharmacy). This unit also has higher frequency of drug demand than the other units in the hospital so the potential or actual drug interactions can occur. This study begins with a retrospective pilot study in ICU, concurrent studies in GICU (General Intensive Care Unit), data analysis and conclusions. Detection of drug interactions concurrently on 185 patients obtained 78 drug interactions that consists of 46 (58.97%) pharmacodynamic interactions and 27 (34.61%) pharmacokinetic interactions.


the influence rules for the settlement of tailings from bauxite direct flotation were investigated under the different pulp pH and dosage of inorganic flocculants(such as Al2(OH)nCl6-n, Al2(SO4)3) and organic flocculants(nonionic polyacrylamide(080), cationic polyacrylamide(603), anionic polyacrylamide(JB-TR782)). The results show that surface static potential of particles is the key effect factor for the settlement of tailings. The good settlement of tailings can be obtained with adding a little dosage of flocculants when pH was kept at about 7.0, 080 and 603 can increase the sedimentation rate in the alkaline pulp evidently, the organic flocculants can do as well. The combination of Al2(SO4)3 and 080 could produce good sedimentation results for tailings and the dosage of Al2(SO4)3 and 080 can be decreased as well, so it has an application prospect.


Context: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight polysaccharide that is distributed in all bodily tissues and fluids. The liver is the most important organ involved in the synthesis and degradation of HA. Research has shown that liver cell injury can affect serum HA levels. In this review, authors aimed to describe the biochemical and physiological roles of this glycosaminoglycan and its changes in various liver diseases. Evidence Acquisition: Liver fibrosis and in more severe form, cirrhosis are results of an imbalance between fibrogenesis and fibrinolysis. Liver biopsy is the gold standard to assess liver necro inflammatory injuries. This method is invasive and has some major side effects; therefore it is an unfavorable method for both physicians and patients. Now, a wide variety of noninvasive methods have been introduced based on evaluating serum level of different markers. They are safe, readily available, and more favorable. Serum HA levels are used by some researchers to assess stages of liver fibrosis. Results: There are several scientific studies indicating HA as a biomarker for high score fibrosis and cirrhosis in various liver diseases alone or in algorithm models. It seems from various algorithm models that the use of HA as a major constituent has more diagnostic reliability and accuracy than the use of HA alone. Conclusions: Use of HA in an algorithm model, is an extra and valuable tool for assessing liver necro inflammatory injuries- in parallel with liver biopsy- but more comprehensive studies are needed to approve the use of HA as an appropriate clinical tool.


I am provoked to write this letter after perusing the recently-arrived January 1966 number of Pediatrics. Just because you Americans were plunged into blackness as the result of a minor electrical switch failure NORTH of Niagara Falls is no reason to darken Canadian-American relations as well as the affairs of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
 Quebec is the largest province of Canada, covering an area of 594,860 square miles (larger than a combination of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, with the District of Columbia thrown in for good measure).


Borazine,a precursor for BN,was synthesized by a reaction of LiBH4 with(NH4)2SO4.The composition and structure of the synthesized product was characterized and confirmed by GC-MS,FT-IR and 1H-NMR. Cured polyborazine was obtained by heating borazine at 80℃ for 72hrs and was converted to BN ceramic after pyrolysis.The pyrolysis behavior of polyborazine was investigated based on TG,FT-IR and XRD analysis.The results show that polyborazine still holds some B-H and N-H bonds,which will be continuously dehydrogenated when heated,and the ceramic yield is about 89.5%at 1400℃.Bonds of B-H are broken mainly before 800℃,while disappearance of N-H bonds occurs at much higher temperature.The inorganic extent is high and amorphous BN is obtained when polyborazine is pyrolyzed at 800℃,while h-BN is obtained when it is pyrolyzed at 1600℃.


Oxide semiconductors have been extensively studied as active channel layers of thin-film transistors (TFTs) for electronic applications. However, the field-effect mobility (μ
 FE) of oxide TFTs is not sufficiently high to compete with that of low-temperature-processed polycrystalline-Si TFTs (50–100 cm2V−1s−1). Here, we propose a simple process to obtain high-performance TFTs, namely hydrogenated polycrystalline In2O3 (In2O3:H) TFTs grown via the low-temperature solid-phase crystallization (SPC) process. In2O3:H TFTs fabricated at 300 °C exhibit superior switching properties with µ
 FE = 139.2 cm2V−1s−1. The hydrogen introduced during sputter deposition plays an important role in enlarging the grain size and decreasing the subgap defects in SPC-prepared In2O3:H. The proposed method does not require any additional expensive equipment and/or change in the conventional oxide TFT fabrication process. We believe these SPC-grown In2O3:H TFTs have a great potential for use in future electronic applications.


Measurements of the drift velocity vdr and the ratio of the lateral diffusion coefficient to mobility D1/p. have been made in pure methane at 293 K. Measurements of vdr and D1/p. were made for values of E IN (the electric field strength divided by the number density) ranging from 0·03 to 14 Td and 0·02 to 12 Td respectively (1 Td == 10-21 Vm2). The estimated accuracy of the results is ± 1 % for vdr and ±2% for Dli p.. The data have been analysed by means of a multiterm solution of the Boltzmann equation to provide a set of low energy electron collision cross sections consistent with the transport data.


Radiation-sensitive compositions comprising (a1) a cationically or acid-catalytically polymerisable or crosslinkable compound or (a2) a compound that increases its solubility in a developer under the action of acid; and (b) at least one novel diaryliodonium salt of formula I as photolatent acid donor wherein X is branched C 3 -C 20 alkyl or C 3 -C cycloalkyl; X 1 is hydrogen, linear C 1 -C 20 alkyl, branched C 3 -C 20 alkyl or C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl; with the proviso that the sum of the carbon atoms in X and X 1 is at least 4; Y is linear C 1 -C 10 alkyl, branched C 3 -C 10 alkyl or C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl; A - is a non-nucleophilic anion, selected from the group (BF 4 ) - , (SbF 6 ) - , (PF 6 ) - , (B(C 6 F 5 )) 4 - , C 1 -C 20 alkylsulfonate, C 2 -C 20 haloalkylsulfonate, unsubstituted C 6 -C 10 arylsulfonate, camphorsulfonate, and C 6 -C 10 arylsulfonate substituted by halogen, NO 2 , C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 1 -C 12 halo-alkyl, C 1 -C 12 alkoxy or by COOR 1 ; and R 1 is C 1 -C 20 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl; or phenyl mono- or poly-substituted by C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 1 -C 12 alkoxy or by halogen; with the proviso that the two phenyl rings on the iodine atom are not identically substituted, have high sensitivity, high storage stability, good solubility and a low tendency to crystallise.


In 2015, the existing GOL-3 multiple-mirror trap has been converted into three specialized devices, each dedicated to a specific scientific problem. Experiments on studies of plasma mechanisms of sub-THz radiation generation use the GOL-3T device. A device with a sub-ms electron beam was isolated for further studies of ITER-grade transient heat loads to tungsten. Research of multiple-mirror physics will continue in a new GOL-NB device that will consist of a central trap with 0.3 – 0.6 T field, 2.5 m length and 1 m diameter and two attached multiple-mirror sections with 4.5 T field. The plasma will be heated by 1.5 MW NBI. Operation of the first stage of GOL-NB started in 2015. It includes 6-m-long 4.5 T solenoid of variable configuration with a plasma gun. The (1 – 4)×10 m plasma stream transport through the system was studied. A new helical mirror confinement idea and the first concept exploration device SMOLA will be presented as well.


Public awareness and participation is a critical component in any solid waste management programme along with the support of local bodies, government regulation and new techniques. Waste is the result of human activities and everyone needs to have a proper understanding of waste management issues ,in the absence of which even the best perceived techniques becomes uncertainCommunities have a perception that solid waste management is the sole responsibility of respective local authorities Consciousness of masses is essential to protect the environment in time of rapid industrialization compromising  on  environmental aspects   The study has made an attempt to understand the current practices of segregation of solid waste, disposal , management and majorly  the awareness of households in Nagpur city


Abstract:  Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic relapsing disorder of follicular occlusion that is often recalcitrant to therapy. Topical and systemic antibiotics, hormonal therapies, oral retinoids, immunosuppressant agents, and surgical treatment are some of the therapeutic alternatives used for this often recalcitrant and frequently troublesome disorder. This article reviews the pathophysiology of hidradenitis suppurativa, an evidence‐based analysis of standard treatments, and recent advances in the therapy of this disorder.


The surging popularity of bitcoin comes at a huge environmental cost. According to the latest analysis of its sustainability, the electronic currency uses as much energy as a medium-sized country and could generate thousands of metric tons of electronic waste per year (Joule 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.02.007). Users "mine" new bitcoins with customized computer chips that solve cryptography problems and record their ownership of this cryptocurrency in a shared database called a blockchain. As more bitcoins enter circulation—there are currently about 17.5 million of them—it gets progressively harder to mine new coins, requiring more computing power and, therefore, more energy. Alex de Vries, a blockchain specialist at the accountancy firm PricewaterhouseCoopers in Amsterdam, has calculated that bitcoin mining in 2018 used 40–62 TW∙h of energy and had a carbon footprint of 19 million–30 million metric tons (t) of CO2 emissions. Bitcoin already accounts for at least 20% of the energy consumption


Vacuum feedthrough,which is one of key components of the ion cyclotron range of frequencies(ICRF) antenna,is applied to seal for the ICRF antenna.In view of the importance and safety of the vacuum feedthrough,the finite element methods(FEM) were utilized to perform the thermal and thermal mechanical analysis for two types of the vacuum feedthroughs.The distributions of temperature and stress for two types of the vacuum feedthroughs were demonstrated.The results show that the temperature and the stress in the vacuum feedthrough coated with silver are lower than those in the vacuum feedthrough coated without silver.However,the stresses in the vacuum feedthroughs coated with and without silver are all below the allowable stress,which demonstrates the feasibility and safety of two types of the vacuum feedthroughs.


Binding of polyanionic DNA depends on the cluster of electropositive atoms in the binding site of a DNA‐binding protein. Such a cluster of electropositive protein atoms would be electrostatically unfavorable without stabilizing interactions from the respective electronegative DNA atoms and would likely be evolutionary conserved due to its critical biological role. Consequently, our strategy for predicting DNA‐binding residues is based on detecting a cluster of evolutionary conserved surface residues that are electrostatically stabilized upon mutation to negatively charged Asp/Glu residues. The method requires as input the protein structure and sufficient sequence homologs to define each residue's relative conservation, and it yields as output experimentally testable residues that are predicted to bind DNA. By incorporating characteristic DNA‐binding site features (i.e., electrostatic strain and amino acid conservation), the new method yields a prediction accuracy of 83%, which is much higher than methods based on only electrostatic strain (57%) or conservation alone (50%). It is also less sensitive to protein conformational changes upon DNA binding than methods that mainly depend on the 3D protein structure. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


"The Nutcracker, cracked" sheds light into the inner world of Marie, the main character from the story of "The Nutcracker" by E. T. A. Hoffmann, through a mainly classical psychoanalytic interpretation. This work is meant to elicit certain reactions from the reader, some being identification with Marie, reflection over one's own childhood, as well as an overall, but holistic sense of understanding of why we do what we do. Finally, this interpretation also tries to explain, through the example of "The Nutcracker", the modern phenomena of the series binge-watching behaviour, and why so many people display it today.


A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) structure is proposed in which a composite thin film cathode substrate supports a dense thin film electrolyte with a thickness of less than 1 μm. The cathode substrate has a graded porosity achieved through the partial sintering of a spin-coated CeO2 colloidal suspension. The resulting surface has a pore size and surface roughness which allowed a fully dense ZrO2:16%Y (YSZ) electrolyte to be spin-coated directly from a polymeric precursor without capillary forces removing the precursor from the surface of the porous substrate. Using this process, fuel cell structures were constructed with temperatures not exceeding 800°C. The porous CeO2 interlayer should allow for decreased ohmic losses, as well as decreased reactions between the YSZ and the cathode substrate. In addition, the nanocrystalline grain sizes should allow for increased catalytic activity on the cathode. Calculated ohmic losses indicated the resistance of the CeO2 interlayer limited the power of the structure, which was minimized by impregnating the porous layer with a mixed-conducting perovskite. The final structure shows significantly reduced ohmic losses as calculated at 400°C.


To meet growing energy demands, degradation mechanisms of energy storage devices must be better understood. As a non‐destructive tool, X‐ray Computed Tomography (CT) has been increasingly used by the battery community to perform in situ experiments that can investigate dynamic phenomena. However, few have used X‐ray CT to study representative battery systems over long cycle lifetimes (>100 cycles). Here, the in situ CT study of Zn–Ag batteries is reported and the effects of current collector parasitic gassing over long‐term storage and cycling are demonstrated. Performance representative in situ CT cells are designed that can achieve >250 cycles at a high areal capacity of 12.5 mAh cm−2. Combined with electrochemical experiments, the effects of current collector parasitic gassing are revealed with micro‐scale CT. The volume expansion and evolution of ZnO and Zn depletion are quantified with cycling and elevated temperature testing. The experimental insights are utilized to develop larger form‐factor (4 cm2) cells with electrochemically compatible current collectors. With this, over 500 cycles at a high capacity of 12.5 mAh cm−2 for a 4 cm2 form‐factor are demonstrated. This work demonstrates that in situ X‐ray CT used in long cycle‐lifetime studies can be applied to examine a multitude of battery chemistries to improve performances.


People have concerns, and ethicists often respond to them with philosophical arguments. But can conceptual constructions properly address fears and anxieties? It is argued in this paper that while it is possible to voice, clarify, create and—to a certain extent—tackle concerns by arguments, more concrete practices, choices, and actions are normally needed to produce proper responses to people's worries. While logical inconsistencies and empirical errors can legitimately be exposed by arguments, the situation is considerably less clear when it comes to moral, cultural, and emotional norms, values, and expectations.


Objective To summarize the experience of diagnosis and therapaeutic strategies of pancreatic trauma.Methods The clinical data of pancreatic trauma in 34 cases who received surgical therapy in our hospital from March 2001 to November 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.Results All 34 cases underwent surgical therapy and diagnosis of pancreatic trauma were established during operation,16 cases had developed post-operative complications which include 6 cases of pancreatic fistula,2 cases of intraperitoneal hemorrhage,2 cases of intraperitoneal infection,1 case of bile leakage and pancreatic pseudocystics developed in 1 case.The overall mortality rate was 11.8%(4 patients).Conclusion Different operative procedures should be chosen according to the severity of pancreatic trauma.The thorough and effective surgical procedure and postoperative wide drainage routes are critical to successful treatment.Identification and location of main pancreatic duct disruption are also important determinants in the appropriate management of pancreatic trauma.Continuous anastomosis technique using prolene thread in the course of pancreatic drainage reconstruction can increase significantly the therapeutic efficacy and minimize the risk of pancreatic fistula.


Results of cluster analysis of clinical-morphological features of disease at 62 patients with cancer of lungs and combination to various forms of a tuberculosis are presented. The lead analysis can be step to revealing the reasons of late diagnostics of a cancer at patients with various forms of a tuberculosis of respiratory apparatus and optimization of algorithms of diagnostic search.


This report provides a short description of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility (ACRF) microwave radiometer (MWR) RETrievel (MWRRET) value-added product (VAP) algorithm. This algorithm utilizes a complementary physical retrieval method and applies brightness temperature offsets to reduce spurious liquid water path (LWP) bias in clear skies resulting in significantly improved precipitable water vapor (PWV) and LWP retrievals. We present a general overview of the technique, input parameters, output products, and describe data quality checks. A more complete discussion of the theory and results is given in Turner et al. (2007b).


Study primarily designed to test whether the capital asset pricing model met the scientific application of shares for the companies that listed in Amman Stock Exchange in order to achieve this goal. It was collected financial data on study variables that represented monthly for sample companies and prices monthly closing index likely market value of free shares which have free return of risk (Treasury Bills), where the researcher calculates beta for stocks sample companies, both separately then test the capital asset pricing model through a simple linear regression by using statistical analysis program (SPSS). Where the study found a number of results that were the most important: beta coefficient, which is a statistical measure of systemic risk could not interpret without 8.2% of the stock dividend for public shareholding companies that listed in Amman Stock Exchange in other words, stock returns have not been fully interpreted by a beta factor, and it also can say that there are other influential factors on stock returns, that the model could not be interpreted, the final result reached by the researcher that this model is not fit to predict accurately returns traded in Amman Stock Exchange for shares, since it is not available, we have evidence that this form applies to companies that listed in the Amman Stock Exchange companies. Find recommended the following: the requirement to study other influential factors, such as earnings per share index and earnings per share index. Expand the length of time to research not less than ten years and to include a greater number of data, noted the necessity of complying with the central bank transparency and disclosure of versions of the monthly Treasury exporting permissions.


The Efficiency of a particular form of radiation therapy is gauged by its ability to produce rather homogeneous dose distribution within the tumor region with minimal irradiation of the surrounding tissues. Supervoltage rotation therapy with 2 Mv x-rays has been found by Trump, Hare, and associates (1, 2) to produce efficient dose distributions. The principles and special advantages of supervoltage rotation therapy will be illustrated by the report of a case of chordoma of the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra. The therapeutic problem was to deliver a large tumor-lethal dose of radiation (approximately 7,000 r) to a deep-seated lesion which lay not only near the center of the torso but also close to the cauda equina. Case Report W. T. H., a white male aged 44 years, in June 1952 suddenly experienced sharp pain in the lumbar region and posterior right thigh, interfering with locomotion. Radiographic examination (Fig. 1) disclosed an osteolytic tumor of the anterior and right half of the body of the fourth...


In putting their plans on the table, some health care reformers are forgetting the needs of women and children, advocates for those groups say. Meanwhile, hospitals are collaborating in efforts to fulfill still-unmet health needs.


ABSTRACT This article explores the role of art interventions in mobilisations unleashed in Chile in October 2019, situating them in the urban fabric of one of the most segregated cities in the world: Santiago. Understood as an uprising against the precarity of life imposed by the neoliberal state, this social explosion devised creative and expressive strategies to disrupt the daily flow of ingrained normative structures, and questioned its longstanding legitimacy in shaping the city's neoliberal layout. In this text, we first focus on the ways this spring of protest overflowed the genealogies that cross art, politics and public space on the local scene, opening up vanishing points between a certain tradition of politicisation of public art with solid roots in Latin American territory, on the one hand, and a more recent history of aestheticisation of urban protest that finds a crucial milestone in the playful resources of the student protests of 2011, on the other. From an interdisciplinary approach, we examine diverse art interventions that vindicated the urban space as a territory of public expression and political imagination to conceive a new constituent process. In this work, we sustain that these exercises reclaiming citizenship operated as 'strategies of estrangement', shedding light on how the neoliberal infrastructure of the city has naturalised inequality, social insecurity and segregation. By way of conclusion, we cross-examine the possibilities that aesthetic experience can offer for social and political resistance against neoliberal normalcy, and a common ground to explore alternative visions of futurity.


Shorebirds have experienced a precipitous reduction in abundance over the past four decades. While some threats to shorebirds are widespread (e.g., habitat alteration), others are regional and may affect specific populations. Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) are long-distance migrants that breed across the North American boreal biome and have declined in abundance by 60–80% since the 1970s. The documented harvest of Lesser Yellowlegs in the Caribbean and northeastern South America during southward migration is a possible limiting factor for the species, but it is unknown to what extent birds from different breeding origins may be affected. To address the question of differential occurrence in harvest zones during southward migration, we used PinPoint GPS Argos transmitters to track the southward migrations of 85 adult Lesser Yellowlegs from across the species' breeding range and 80° of longitude from Anchorage, Alaska, USA, to the Mingan Archipelago, Quebec, Canada. We classified migratory locations as inside or outside three zones with high levels of harvest (Caribbean, coastal Guianas, and coastal Brazil) and then fit generalized additive mixed models to estimate the probability of occurrence of Lesser Yellowlegs in harvest zones according to their breeding origin. Individuals from the Eastern Canada population had a higher probability of occurrence within one or more harvest zones and remained in those zones longer than individuals breeding in Alaska and western Canada. Linear regressions also suggested that longitude of the breeding origin is an important predictor of occurrence in harvest zones during southward migration. Lastly, our findings, combined with other sources of evidence, suggest that current estimated harvest rates may exceed sustainable limits for Lesser Yellowlegs, which warrants further investigation.


In order to quantify the accumulation effect of projectiles in target material for sputtering, sputtering yields of carbon for pure graphite and the projectile retaining carbon target material bombarded by xenon and helium ions are calculated with a Monte Carlo code ACAT. The ACAT results have indicated that the threshold energy for sputtering is reduced due to the accumulation of the xenon atoms in graphite. Meanwhile, the threshold energy for carbon sputtering is not largely influenced by the retained helium atoms in graphite. Mass ratio of the projectile to the target atom is the important factor for the low energy sputtering yield. An empirical formula for sputtering yields for graphite retaining xenon atoms has been proposed.


Hydraulic analysis of dam spillways has been traditionally performed by means of experimental testing. In the last decades, numerical modelling is increasingly used to tackle certain design aspects, mainly limited to 2D analysis and evaluation of the discharge capacity [1]. However, the verification of supercritical flows in spillway chutes with clear 3D behaviour remains as a challenge for researchers and practitioners. The flow in these structures features high velocity and irregular shape of the free surface, as well as large computational domains. All these characteristics represent obstacles for conventional numerical schemes. The capability of the particle finite element method (PFEM) for computing free flow problems with high variations in the free surface, both in time and space, make it appropriate to handle this problem. Moreover, recent advances towards computation efficiency allow considering real-scale domains of large structures. Examples of application have been published in the field of harbour [2], geomechanical [3] or marine engineering [4], among others. In dam engineering, it was used to verify the aeration system in bottom outlets [5]. In this contribution, the hydraulic analysis of several dam spillways with the PFEM at full scale is presented. The results show that local phenomena such as shockwaves or rooster tails can be correctly captured. As a result, numerical modelling with the PFEM can be useful for the design of new spillways, as well as in refurbishing projects of existing structures.


In the current study, soybean oil was epoxidized to form epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), which was then transesterified by a base catalyzed process to form epoxy methyl soyate (EMS), which was subsequently confirmed through FTIR and 1H NMR. In the second step, the EMS bioresin was blended with a petroleum based epoxy (DGEBA) in different composition ratios as a reactive diluent and their various properties were compared with epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and commercial diluent (alkyl(C12–C14) glycidyl ether (AGE)) based epoxy blends. The rheological behavior of the pure epoxy, bioresins (ESO and EMS), AGE and modified epoxy blends was studied by applying the Cross model to investigate the flow behavior at variable shear rates. The critical stress intensity factor and critical strain energy release rate of all types of blends were determined using a single edge notch test, and the results were compared. It is observed that EMS has a comparable viscosity with AGE at both low and high shear rates and it also toughened the virgin epoxy effectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study shows an increase in the heat of curing reaction by the incorporation of a diluent, which confirms better contact with the curing agent, but the peak temperature shifts towards a higher value. The mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of the EMS based system are found to be improved. The high intensity peak of the loss tangent curve indicates the superior damping properties of the EMS based formulation under vibrating conditions.


In simple view, the universe consists of coherent, organizational sentience that we can call Intelligence. This builds organizationally from sub-quantum through the cosmos. An axiom rather than a theory — this a priori millenia-old assumption provides fruitful means for fundamental advance in all scientific investigation. We re-posit and reinvigorate it, as a prelude to further work, with extensive consequences.


Nematode species are well-known for their invariant cell lineage pattern, including reproducible division timing, volume segregation, fate specification and migration trajectory for each and every cell during embryonic development. Here, we study the fundamental principle optimizing cell lineage pattern with Caenorhabditis elegans. Combining previous knowledge about the fate specification induced by asymmetric division and the anti-correlation between cell cycle length and cell volume, we propose a model to simulate lineage by altering cell volume segregation ratio in each division, and quantify the derived lineage's performance in proliferation rapidity, fate diversity and space robustness (PFS Model). The stereotypic pattern in early C. elegans embryo is one of the most optimal solutions taking minimum time to achieve the cell number before gastrulation. Our methods lay a foundation for deciphering principles of development and guiding designs of bio-system.


A dictionary is a vital component for any natural language processing system, be it a human being or a machine. Yet, what for an outsider seems to be one and the same object, turns out to be something very different viewed by an insider. Hence, the reached conclusions may not only be different, but also irreconcilable, which makes knowledge transfer difficult. The goal of this paper is to present three views, discuss their respective qualities and shortcomings, and offer some suggestions as of how to move on from here.


Today people pay more and more attention to popular things, so it is very necessary, even important to study fashion products.This article takes fashion glasses for example, simplifying and classifying the glasses graphics acquired from authority magazines. Then we can get a four-group glasses evolution graph. Through the graph we can also find every g roup's changing curve, from which then we abstract the rules for the four groups . At the same time, every group's developing trend will appear or be forecasted, which is helpful for the RD of fashion products especially for our country n owadays.


Therefore, to further verify that Runx2 acetylation is indispensible for Erk-mediated Runx2 stabilization, we induced deacetylation of Runx2 by overexpression of Myc-HDAC4 or Myc-HDAC5 in 293T cells (Fig. 3A). As expected, Runx2 acetylation was decreased in the presence of HDAC4 and HDAC5. Moreover, overexpression of HDAC4 or HDAC5 blocked MEK1-induced Runx2 acetylation and stabilization. These results indicate that Erk-induced Runx2 stabilization requires Runx2 acetylation. To further confirm the necessity for p300mediated acetylation in Erk-induced Runx2 stabilization, we knocked down the endogenous p300 by siRNA (Fig. 3B). The efficiency of p300 siRNA was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. MEK1 overexpression also significantly increased endogenous p300 protein levels. siRNA for p300 decreased basal as well as Erk-induced p300 protein expression. Furthermore, knockdown of p300 suppressed Erk-induced Runx2 acetylation and stabilization. These results indicate that p300 is involved in Erk-induced Runx2 acetylation. Erk Activation Increases p300 Protein Levels and HAT Activity—Because the above data showed that Erk activation increases p300 protein levels, we examined whether p300 mRNA levels are also changed by Erk activation. For this, C2C12 cells were transiently transfectedwith pcDNAorMEK1 expression plasmids and incubated for 13 h. The mRNA levels for p300 were then examined using real-time PCR (Fig. 4A). Dissimilar to the effect on p300 protein levels, Erk activation did not exert a significant effect on p300mRNA levels. Because Erk activation increased exogenously expressed p300 protein as well as the endogenous form, it is likely that Erk regulates p300 at the post-transcriptional level. A previous study had demonstrated that Erk2 increases p300 HAT activity directly by phosphorylation (39). Therefore, we assayed whether overexpression ofMEK1 increases p300 phosphorylation in 293T cells. Erk activation increased p300 phosphorylation as well as its total protein level (Fig. 4B). Because p300 has auto-acetylating activity (29), we also checked the acetylation level of p300 (Fig. 4B). Similar to phosphorylation, p300 acetylation is also increased by Erk activation. In accordance with the p300 acetylation data, MEK1 increased p300 HAT activity, whereas U0126 slightly decreased the activity (Fig. 4C). These results indicate that Erk activation increases p300 protein levels as well as HAT activity. FIGURE 2. Erk activation increases Runx2 acetylation and stability, whereas it decreases Runx2 ubiquitination. A, U0126 decreased BMP-2induced Runx2 protein expression. C2C12 cells were pretreated with vehicle or U0126 for 1 h and further incubated in the presence or absence of BMP-2 (200 ng/ml) for an additional 48 h. Endogenous Runx2 protein levels were determined by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis. B, U0126 suppressed constitutively active BMP type IB (BMPR-IB)-induced increase in Runx2 protein levels and acetylation. C2C12 cells were transiently transfected with FLAG-Runx2 and BMPR-IB expression plasmids and incubated for 24 h. When indicated, the cells were incubated with U0126 for the last 3 h. Immunoprecipitation (IP) and immunoblot (IB) analysis were then performed. AcK, anti-acetylated lysine antibody. C, BMP-2 increased exogenously expressed Myc-Runx2 protein levels. C2C12 cells were transfected with Myc-Runx2, incubated for 8 or 24 h in the presence of BMP-2, and subjected to IB analysis. D, Erk activation by BMPR-IB or MEK1 expression stabilized Runx2 protein, whereas U0126 enhanced degradation of Runx2. 293T cells were transiently transfected with Myc-Runx2 and concomitantly with either BMPR-IB or MEK1 as indicated. Thirty hours after transfection the cells were treated with cycloheximide (CHX, 10 g/ml) in the presence or absence of U0126 for the indicated times. The levels of Myc-Runx2 and actin were determined by IB analysis. E and F, U0126 increased, whereas Erk activation decreased Runx2 ubiquitination (upper panel). C2C12 cells were treated with vehicle or 5 M MG132 for 18 h. When indicated, U0126 was added for the last 3 h (E). C2C12 cells were transfected with a MEK1 expression vector, incubated for 24 h, and treated with vehicle or MG132 for an additional 18 h (F). Ubiquitinated endogenous Runx2 was detected by IP with an anti-Runx2 antibody and subsequent IB with an anti-ubiquitin (Ub) antibody. Nonubiquitinated Runx2 and acetylated Runx2 were also examined using the same cell lysates (middle and lower panels). FIGURE 3. Runx2 acetylation and p300 are required for Erk-induced Runx2 stabilization. A, overexpression of HDAC4 or HDAC5 blocked an Erkmediated increase in Runx2 protein and acetylation. 293T cells were transiently transfected with FLAG-Runx2, MEK1, Myc-HDAC4, and Myc-HDAC5 expression vectors as indicated. Twenty-four hours after transfection, IP and IB analysis was performed. B, knockdown of p300 using siRNA suppressed Erk-mediated Runx2 acetylation and stabilization. 293T cells were transfected with siRNAs for p300 (sip300) and a non-targeting control siRNA (siControl). Six hours after transfection, a second transfection with Myc-Runx2 and MEK1 expression vector was performed, and the cells were incubated for an additional 32 h, then IP and IB analysis was performed. AcK, anti-acetylated lysine antibody. Erk Increases p300-mediated Runx2 Stabilization


We observe power transients lasting several seconds in a reconfigurable network including cascaded channel power equalizers and chains of fiber amplifiers in a 1898 km fiber link. Gain clamping of the fiber amplifiers proves effective in suppressing the power transients.


The paper deals with clustering of text documents by neural networks. For representation of text documents is used the Vector Space (VS) model, which describes the text documents by VS matrix X. Multidimensional space of matrix X for text documents clustering requires the high computational complexity therefore it is needed of its reduction. In our approach for reduction of the text document space we used decomposition of multidimensional space of matrix X by projection into subspaces. The presented approach for creation of subspaces of multidimensional spaces uses the Projective Adaptive Resonance Theory (PART) neural network which enables this way of reduction of multidimensional text document space and also the text document clustering. Efficiency of clustering the text documents by subspaces of multidimensional space it is influenced by properties of PART and because of the optimal parameters of PART have to be set. Thanks to exact settings of distance and vigilance parameter of PART it is possible to find the clusters, their centers in the projective dimensions of subspaces and create outlier cluster for noisy data sets. The utilization of PART neural network to the text document clustering can easy discover the intrinsic clusters in used sets of documents.


Objectives: This study describes the information practices of the various professions such as emergency management, public health, health and medicine, and public safety, involved in regional disaster preparedness groups. A thorough understanding of the similarities and differences between the professions in information seeking, use, and sharing, will further the development of high-quality information sources and information-sharing channels acceptable to all professions on the team. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was undertaken. Twelve participants in the Pennsylvania Preparedness Leadership Institute (PPLI), a multi-disciplinary training program attended by members of the Pennsylvania Regional Task Forces, were recruited interviewed. Open-ended individual interviews were conducted at PPLI trainings and in participant workplaces. Interviews focused on information practice in the workplace, including preferences for information seeking and sharing, and barriers and facilitators to information access in the workplace. Analysis used Taylor's Information Use Environments model as an organizing framework. Findings: As Taylor's model states, information practice is shaped by the educational and training requirements for entry into each profession. Factors not included by Taylor but important to this study include volunteer experience in related fields, and overlap between personal and professional information practice on the Internet. Participants report heavy use of the Internet and email, but not of Web 2.0 social media. They value face-to-face meetings for building the social networks critical to disaster response. Only public health and medical professionals use peer-reviewed literature. All would like tools to filter incoming information, and more access to the "lessons learned" reports of other agencies engaged in similar work. Conclusions: There are differences between professions in information practice, but also commonalities that can be exploited to further information use in preparedness. Librarians can make a significant contribution to preparedness efforts by incorporating these findings into the design of information services and resources for disaster professionals. Public health significance: Improving information gathering and sharing practices for all disciplines on the disaster planning team is critical to reducing the impact of man-made and natural disasters on the health of the general public.


Abstract It is well known from the seminal paper by Fujita [22] for 1 < p < p0, and Hayakawa [36] for the critical case p = p0, that all the solutions u ≥ 0 of the semilinear heat equation ut = Δu + |u|p−1u in ℝN × ℝ+, in the range , (0.1) with arbitrary initial data u0(x) ≥ 0, ≢ 0, blow-up in finite time, while for p > p0 there exists a class of sufficiently "small" global in time solutions. This fundamental result from the 1960-70s (see also [39] for related contributions), was a cornerstone of further active blow-up research. Nowadays, similar Fujita-type critical exponents p0, as important characteristics of stability, unstability, and blow-up of solutions, have been calculated for various nonlinear PDEs. The above blow-up conclusion does not include solutions of changing sign, so some of them may remain global even for p ≤ p0. Our goal is a thorough description of blow-up and global in time oscillatory solutions in the subcritical range in (0.1) on the basis of various analytic methods including nonlinear capacity, variational, category, fibering, and invariant manifold techniques. Two countable sets of global solutions of changing sign are shown to exist. Most of them are not radially symmetric in any dimension N ≥ 2 (previously, only radial such solutions in ℝN or in the unit ball B1 ⊂ℝN were mostly studied). A countable sequence of critical exponents, at which the whole set of global solutions changes its structure, is detected: , l = 0, 1, 2, ... .. See [47, 48] for earlier interesting contributions on sign changing solutions.


We have studied the primary and secondary γ rays (414 in Ni59, 390 in Ni60, and 240 in Ni61) following thermal-neutron capture by the stable Ni58, radioactive Ni59, and stable Ni60 isotopes. Most of these γ rays have been incorporated into the corresponding level schemes consisting of 65 levels in Ni59, 88 levels in Ni60, and 40 levels in Ni61. The measured neutron separation energies (Sn in keV) for Ni59, Ni60, and Ni61 are, respectively, 8999.28±0.05, 11 387.73±0.05, and 7820.11±0.05. The measured thermal-neutron capture cross sections (in barns) for Ni58, Ni59, and Ni60 are, respectively, 4.13±0.05, 73.7±1.8, and 2.34±0.05. In all three cases, primary electric-dipole (E1) transitions account for the bulk of the total capture cross section. We have calculated these E1 partial cross sections (in Ni59 and Ni61) using direct-capture theory and models of compound-nuclear capture. The agreement between theory and experiment is good. The experimental level schemes have been compared with the results from a large-basis shell-model calculation. The agreement was also found to be quite good.


Objective: To compare mean time taken for tracheal intubation with Airtraq versus Macintosh laryngoscope in elective surgeries.
Study Design: This is a Randomized control trial (RCT) study.
Setting: Study carried out at Department of Anaesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Unit and Pain Management, Clinic, Dow University of Health Sciences and  Dr. Ruth Pfau  Hospital Karachi, from June 2016 to November 2016.
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients divided 30 in each group randomly i.e. Macintosh laryngoscope Group A and Airtraq laryngoscope Group B who scheduled for elective surgery and fulfill the inclusion criteria. All patients were received intravenous glycopyrolate 0.2 mg, tramadol 2 mg/kg, and midazolam 0.03 mg/kg 10 minutes before induction of anesthesia. Induction was done with propofol 2-2.5 mg/kg, minimum 3 minutes were given to maximum effect of muscle relaxant. Time taken to intubate the trachea were noted in seconds and entered into the predesigned proforma.
Results: The analysis included data on all the patients between 18 to 50 years of age who scheduled for elective surgery during the study period after applying the exclusion criteria. Mean ± SD of age in group A were 36.85±8.47 years and in group B were 37.49±9.32 years. In Gender distribution of group A 11 (36%) were male and 19 (64%) were female and in group B the distribution of male and female were 8 (27%) and 22 (73%) respectively. By comparing both the groups for time taken in tracheal intubation in seconds Mean ± SD of group A was 35±7.8 and in group B was 21±4.2 and P value found to be highly significant i.e. (0.0001).
Conclusion: It is to be concluded that Airtraq laryngoscope is more effective instrument than Macintosh Laryngoscope for use in routine airway management and duration of successful tracheal intubation was shorter in the Airtraq group.


The question of whether exercise has an acute antipanic activity versus inducing panic symptoms is not without controversy. A literature search revealed no data regarding the utility of serotonin reuptake inhbitors regarding possible modulating effects during exercise. Here is a case presentation that discusses the benefits of medication in panic disorder regarding the ability to tolerate higher intensities of exercise. Mr. Z was a 33-year-old African American male who endorsed panic symptoms, including dizziness, palpitations, sense of fear, shortness of breath, shaking, and tachycardia, which would occur "out of the blue" and were not situation specific. When exercising, he noticed that an increased heart rate was a trigger for further and increased panic symptoms. A medical evaluation including a complete cardiac assessment was within normal. Sertraline was initiated and tapered up to 200 mg/day, which resulted in full remission of his panic symptoms while in a nonexercise state. Alprazolam was initiated at 0.5 mg/day for breakthrough episodes early in treatment and was discontinued once his symptoms were in remission. However, prior to sertraline, a heart rate >130 beats per minute was followed by increased dizziness which resulted in a full blown panic attack. Post-sertraline, panic symptoms did not occur until Mr. Z's heart rate >150 beats per minute. This difference was verified by preand post-treadmill tests using the Bruce protocol.This extension of the panic-free symptoms allowed Mr. Z to exercise at a moderate intensity level and pass his sub-maximal (AstrandRhyming protocol) ergometry fitness test. This case suggests that medication treatment may increase the threshold for panic symptoms during exercise. Also, full remission of symptoms while in a non-exercise state may not necessarily translate to an exercise setting. Furthermore, heart rate monitoring during exercise, by noting the onset of panic symptoms may be a useful gauge of medication efficacy.This may be especially helpful when dealing withactivities that are more arduous. More research is necessary to fully substantiate these observations.


Ethyl glycidate (EG) was copolymerized with propylene oxide (PO), 1-butene oxide (BO), and
oxetane by organoaluminum initiators to produce high molecular weight polyethers with pendant ester groups.
The ternary initiator system AlEt_3/H20/AcAc (1/0.3/0.5) gave the best results with PO and BO, yielding
polymers of η_(inh) 0.6-4.3 dL/g containing up to 4 mol % of EG units. EG was relatively unreactive in these
copolymerizations; the concentration of EG in the copolymer was always significantly less than that in the
feed, and increased EG feed concentrations depressed both the rate of polymerization and the product molecular
weight. Oxetane copolymers containing ca. 1 mol % of EG units were obtained with η_(inh) 0.7-1.0 dL/g, along
with oligomeric products, using a similar initiator system. Conversion of these polyethers into novel ionomers
was demonstrated: treatment of the ester with NaOH gave the polymeric sodium salt, which was further
converted to the free acid by reaction with glacial acetic acid in dioxane.


Daniel Mannix: Wit and Wisdom By Michael Gilchrist Melbourne: Freedom Publishing (582 Queensberry Street, North Melbourne, 3051), 2004, pages 270 and index.


When French legislators passed the See Law of 1880 establishing the first lycees and colleges in France for young women, they were building on a precedent established during the late years of the Second Empire. In 1867 the liberal minister of public instruction, Victor Duruy, had created public secondary courses for young women in forty towns and cities throughout France.1 The responses to these courses had been mixed. Liberals, republicans, and anticlericals generally supported them, while conservatives, legitimists, and clericals opposed them. The range of their support or opposition varied widely, from strong approval to vociferous rejection. Despite the opposition, however, the courses enjoyed a fair measure of success between 1867 and 1869. Then in 1869 Duruy was forced out of office, and the courses fell into rapid decline. By 1878 there were only ten locations in France which still offered the courses. This brief synopsis, similar to what one would find in a standard textbook on modern France, leaves many crucial questions unanswered: Why did the government of Napoleon III decide to establish the courses? How were they structured? What was the nature of the opposition to them? And how does this episode in the history of the Second Empire illuminate some of the political, social, and cultural tensions of the time? Drawing heavily on documents found in the F17 series at the National Archives in Paris, this article will explore the answers to these crucial questions.


AbstractTropical cyclones have enormous costs to society through both loss of life and damage to infrastructure. There is good reason to believe that such storms will change in the future as a result of changes in the global climate system and that such changes may have important socioeconomic implications. Here a high-resolution regional climate modeling experiment is presented using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to investigate possible changes in tropical cyclones. These simulations were performed for the period 2001–13 using the ERA-Interim product for the boundary conditions, thus enabling a direct comparison between modeled and observed cyclone characteristics. The WRF simulation reproduced 30 of the 32 named storms that entered the model domain during this period. The model simulates the tropical cyclone tracks, storm radii, and translation speeds well, but the maximum wind speeds simulated were less than observed and the minimum central pressures were too large. This experiment i...


Ahlussunnah wal Jamaat was an icon of theological understanding used in the past as Islamic approach for Muslims in Indonesia referring to preservation of balance condition. On the other hand, this theological understanding was effective enough to reach islamization process without causing social upheaval; however it was weak to transform social system. Then community had conversion into Islam but their social system in economy, politics, education, and law were controlled by local tradition or western modernism manipulation. This situation changed after 1970s when reorganization in teaching Islam occurred by introducing the distinction between Islam teaching and Islamic culture. However, these ideas were getting reaction from intellectual Muslims. The greatest goal of Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah theology was formulating a synergy among the Islamic discourse, democracy, and nationality at NU Congress in Situbondo in 1984, so Indonesia as a country based on Pancasila was considered as the final form of Islam toward the statehood concept.


Primary intraosseous adenoid cystic carcinoma (PIACC) of mandible is a rare malignant tumour of the salivary tissue with only 47 cases being reported in the literature. This article reports a case of PIACC in a 34 year old male patient in left mandibular region presenting as an irregular lytic expansile lesion on Computer tomography. Microscopic examination of the lesion showed basaloid cells arranged mostly in solid islands with few cribriform areas suggesting solid subtype of intraosseous adenoid cystic carcinoma. Solid growth pattern of the tumour indicates poor prognosis, thus warranting regular follow up of the patient. This case implies the importance of considering malignant salivary gland tumors in the differential diagnosis of poorly defined radiolucencies of the mandible. Early detection of such lesions will benefit the patient and reduces the associated mortality and co-morbidity. Author Affiliations: 1,2,3,4 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Best Dental Science College and Hospital, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.


Three new genera and species of primitive termites (Isoptera) are described and fi gured from Early Cretaceous French and Lebanese ambers: Santonitermes chloeae ENGEL, NEL & PERRICHOT, n. gen., n. sp., from an imago preserved in Charentese amber (AlbianCenomanian); Syagriotermes salomeae ENGEL, NEL & PERRICHOT, n. gen., n. sp., from an alate detected in opaque amber from the same locality and reconstructed using synchrotron microtomographic imaging; and Lebanotermes veltzae ENGEL, AZAR & NEL, n. gen., n. sp., from an alate preserved in Lebanese amber (Aptian). The three genera exhibit primitive features of the Meiatermes-grade of early isopteran genera (sensu ENGEL et al. 2009). In addition, three further fragmentary specimens from Lebanon amber are reported, each apparently distinct from Lebanotermes n. gen. and the previously described Melqartitermes ENGEL et al., 2007. The new fossils further document the diversity and morphological disparity of 'lower' termite groups during the Early Cretaceous, highlighting the importance of palaeontological material for understanding isopteran phylogeny as well as the diversifi cation of Isoptera in the latest Jurassic and Early Cretaceous.


1-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)- and 1-(3-chloro-4-t-butylphenyl)-1-methylethyl chloride have been prepared from the corresponding alcohols by action of hydrogen chloride. The alcohols were prepared by the reaction of methylmagnesium iodide with the ester of the corresponding disubstituted benzoic acid. The solvolysis rates of the two alkyl chlorides have been measured in 90% aqueous acetone at various temperatures. The energies of activation for the solvolysis reactions have been calculated. The results are compared with those obtained for cumyl chloride and its mono-substituted derivatives. The observed and calculated rate constants of solvolysis have been compared and it has been found that the observed rate constant for 1-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-1-methylethyl chloride is 79% of the predicted value, while for 1-(3-chloro-4-t-butylphenyl)-1-methylethyl chloride it is 44%. This decrease in the observed rate constant as compared with the calculated value might be due to the steric interaction between the 3-Cl and 4-alkyl group. It also shows that the calculations of the rates of solvolysis of 3-chloro-p-alkylcumyl chlorides based upon additivity, underestimate the retarding effect of the chlorine substituent.


The development environment of international tourism and national tourism is a basis of tourism development in China, the actual characteristics of China tourism are showed and the development tendency of China tourism are pointed out, by generalizing developing tide and new characteristics of international tourism.


Abstract Psychological testing for Education and Personnel selection is of great importance in the efforts by many African countries to ensure that suitable candidates are selected for education beyond the primary school level and for training for different employment. Major investigations directed to this need have been in the area of adapting tests already available in Western countries and determining the reliability and predictive validity of battery of tests so adapted and their tryout in African schools to determine their efficiency as tools for selection.


The existence or non-existence of Einstein metrics on 4-manifolds with non-trivial fundamental group and the relation with the underlying differential structure are analyzed. For most points $(n,m)$ in a large region of the integer lattice, the manifold $n\mathbb C \mathbb P^2\#m \overline{\mathbb C \mathbb P^2}$ is shown to admit infinitely many inequivalent free actions of finite cyclic groups and there are no Einstein metrics which are invariant under any of these actions. The main tools are Seiberg-Witten theory, cyclic branched coverings of complex surfaces and symplectic surgeries.


The Hungarian pension system is financed by contributions from the wages of economically active people. The demographic dependency rate more than doubled during the 20th century in Hungary. By increasing the age of retirement this rate was reduced by almost 20% until 2010. The number of retired people seems to be peaking with approximately 2 million people. Under an optimistic scenario the number of actively employed people will be increasing by 1-1.5% until 2015. This would mean 4.9 million active wage earners in 2037. Under a pessimistic scenario the number of active wage earners will not change until 2050 and will stay the same with 3.6 million people. The rate of dependency on the system (the proportion of retired people compared to the proportion of active wage earners) will be alleviated until 2010 because of the raising of the retirement age. The rate of pensions/wages increased substantially between 1970 and 1990 although the retired people during this period became poor because pensions were never indexed to follow the increasing trends of higher wages. The aging of the population their longer life expectancy is an achievement of human civilization. However it places new burdens on the retirement systems of economically advanced countries because of the decreasing proportion of active wage earners. Economic factors including various forms of employment (part-time work work at home contractual work interruption of life-long careers) seem to be the decisive factors in the financing of pensions systems.


Vanillin and isobuthyl methyl ketone (4-methylpent a -2-one) reacts under Claisen–Schmidt conditions yielding corresponding d ehydrozingerone analogue, ( E)-1(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylhex-1-en-3-one. A small series of its O-alkyl derivatives was prepared by alkylation of free phen olic group with corresponding alkyl halides. Products had been tested for their biologi cal activity and demonstrated relatively strong in vitro antimicrobial activity towards different strains o f bacteria and fungi. All new compounds were well characterized by IR, H and C NMR spectroscopy and physical data.


This descriptive article explores a collaborative model that blends the dual missions of training social work students to work with military personnel, veterans, and their families while serving student veterans on campus. The model consists of 2 main components: (1) a nationally recognized service component for providing academic, health and behavioral health, career, and research and technical assistance services for student veterans as they transition into, through, and out of higher education; and (2) a training component for social work students that includes a campus-based field unit that trains social work students to work with student veterans, a course on helping troops and veterans transition, and a federal grant designed to produce social work graduates for working with veterans.


The utility model is an electric control lock magnet attached with a magnet increasing sheet, which belongs to hardware electric apparatus manufacture industry. The utility model is positioned with a magnet increasing sheet on front end surface of a fixed iron core of two coils, thus can improve the magnetic attraction of the iron core and lower the instant current without changing the iron core size of the original coil. The utility model features rational structure, easy fabrication, convenient installation and good utilizing effect, which comprises a magnet holder (1), a coil bracket (3), a coil (4) and a fixed iron core (5), and is characterized in that: a magnet increasing sheet (10) is connected to the bottom of the two coils (4) and is shaped as long waist; a connecting hole (10-1) is positioned in middle at two sides of the two coils and a fixed hole (10-2) is provided at end of a round plane edge; a lug boss (11) is provided at center of the fixed iron core (5) at one end of the coil bracket (3) of the coil (4); two columns (12) are arranged on the round end surface, which is arranged symmetrically corresponding to the lug boss (11); the magnet increasing sheet (10) is connected on the lug boss (11) of the fixed iron core (5).


A primary motivation for utilizing robots in nuclear power plants is maintenance economics and the nuclear industry's concern with reducing personnel radiation exposure to as low as reasonably achievable as recommended by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Recent studies by Battelle Columbus Laboratories, the Electric Power Research Institute, the NRC and others indicate that robots for surveillance and inspection can be retrofitted into existing boiling water reactor and pressurized water reactor plants, but economics must be evaluated on a case-by-case, site-specific basis, because nuclear power plants in the US are usually different in design. Application areas or robot functions being considered are broad and range from primary containment inspection, reactor maintenance, routine health physics tasks, and various operation and maintenance procedures, to facility decontamination and decommissioning, and post-accident recovery such as at Three Mile Island Unit 2. This paper will discuss the general use of robotic devices in nuclear power plants, the pioneering use of robotics technology at Three Mile Island nuclear power plant, and the field testing of mobile robots at Public Service Electric and Gas Company's Salem and Hope Creek nuclear plants.


Introduction: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) has a potential for long-term complications. We report a case of LAGB slippage with extensive gastric necrosis managed with emergent sleeve gastrectomy. Case Report: A 45-year-old man presented to the emergency department after returning from a distant trip and reported a 3-day history of progressively severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. He had undergone placement of the LAGB 2 years before this presentation, which resulted in subsequent weight loss of 143 lb and resolution of his comorbidities. On admission, the patient was hypotensive, tachycardic, and oliguric, with evident peritonitis. A computed tomography scan revealed extensive intraperitoneal free air and intra-abdominal fluid. After intravenous fluid resuscitation, he underwent emergent exploratory laparoscopy. A slipped band with gastric prolapse and extensive gastric necrosis were found, with multiple perforations involving most of the greater curvature of the stomach. The LAGB was explanted and a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed. A liquid diet was introduced on postoperative day 4. Immediate recovery was prolonged because of acute-onset chronic renal failure and requirement for optimization of nutrition. The patient was discharged home on postoperative day 13 and had a subsequent uneventful recovery. Conclusion: Gastric prolapse complicated by gastric necrosis is a rare life-threatening complication of LAGB. Once acute LAGB slippage is suspected, urgent attention and treatment are needed to minimize the chance of gastric ischemia. Laparoscopic explanation of LAGB and emergent sleeve gastrectomy may be considered in similar clinical settings to optimize the outcome and minimize the morbidity of near total or total gastrectomy.