Economic integration implemented at regional and sub-regional levels seems to be the key to a fairer globalization, and ultimately aids in taking a broader approach to trade liberalization. A wider range of economic and social policies are needed in free trade agreement communities because they create a huge impact on local working populations. Focusing on the Americas, this paper serves to investigate the effect of regional economic integration on employers and workers in this area, but also compares theses developments with those in other parts of the world. The paper concludes that urgent action needs to be taken so there are more transparent negotiation processes, more active participation by social actors in those processes, development of a labour dimension in economic integration and trade liberalization processes, and comprehensive applications of the socio-labour agreements that are reached. Ultimately, this would help make these processes important for development, welfare, and social justice.


The accurate value of COD_(Cr) of the refinery waste water was determined preliminarily by the conventional refluxing method, and used as standard instead of the potassium hydrogen o-phthalate standard, in the preparation of standard working curve or in the calculation of the linear regression equation. The absorbance of the sample solution (or the standard solution) after digestion was measured photometrically at 600nm for its trivalent chromium content. The power used in the microwave heating of sample (or standard) solution is 720W and the time taken for the digestion is 12min. The range of determination of COD_(Cr) of this method is from 90 to 2 000mg·L~(-1). It was found that results of COD_(Cr) obtained by this method are more closer to the results obtained by the refluxing method as compared with the method using o-phthalate as standard. It was shown by the results obtained, that the present method is more profitable and feasible to be used in the monitoring of waste water from petro-refinery.


This paper reports on a laboratory experiment conducted more than 30 years ago (Eli, 1974, unpublished), and recent Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) investigations, focusing on the properties of a plane tangential jet produced by an apparatus called a "centrifugal nozzle." The authors believe that the centrifugal nozzle has potential industrial applications in several areas related to fluid mixing and particulate matter suspension in mixing tanks. It is also believed that this experiment, or one similar, may provide data useful for benchmarking CFD models.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Objective To investigate mental health status of migrant workers in Qingdao and their coping style.Me-thods This study consisted of 1 300 migrant workers working in Qingdao city,who were divided into two groups as brainworkers and manual workers based on the nature of labor.A symptom checklist was used to assess their mental health,and a questionaire used to understand their ability in solving problems they met.SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis.Results Of the workers surveyed,the total score and each-factor score of SCL-90 of manual workers were lower than that of brainworkers(t=2.36-5.32;P0.05,0.01).Compared with manual workers,the score of problem-solving in brainworkers was lower,and scores of fantasy,backoff and rationalization factors were higher,the difference being significant(t=2.54-3.84;P0.05,0.01).ConclusionThe differences of mental health and coping style exist between migrant brainworkers and manual workers,an intervention program should be accordingly formulated for them.


Abstract The thermal alteration process of filmy quenched carbonaceous composite (filmy QCC) has been studied in situ by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). HRTEM images of the as-prepared filmy QCC showed the typical amorphous carbon film structure. By heating above 300 °C, the structural alteration takes place. Curled graphene structure started to appear at 300 °C. Distorted onion-like structure similar to dark QCC appeared above 500 to 700 °C. The distorted onion-like structure that appears at 700 °C after heating for 30 minutes also appeared by heating at 450 °C for 2 hours.


Siyu Yang Xiaojiao Yin Ying Yue Siqing Wang 1Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; 2Department of Cancer Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China Abstract: Ovarian cancer (OC) has been the most fatal gynecological disease that threatens women's health. Surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy are the basic ovarian cancer treatments that can improve survival, but the five-year survival rate has not improved because of delayed diagnosis, drug resistance, and recurrence. Novel treatments are needed to improve the prognosis and survival rate of ovarian cancer patients. In recent years, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has received increasing attention as an emerging therapeutic strategy in the treatment of solid tumors including OC. ACT has shown promising results in many preclinical and clinical trials of OC. The application of ACT depends on different effector cells, such as lymphokineactivated killer (LAK) cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and genetically modified T cells. In this review, we focus on adoptive immunotherapies in ovarian cancer and summarize completed and ongoing preclinical/clinical trials. The future development directions and obstacles for ACT in OC treatment are discussed.


The accidents taking place in Kaliurang street increase each year. This research background is the high number of accidents that occured in the Kaliurang street area particularly in Km 7 up to Km 9. This research aims to identify the types of accidents and the number of accidents occured, analyzing the correlation of road capacity volume ratio with the vehicle speed, and analyzing the correlation of road capacity volume ratio with the accident rate. This research was conducted by collecting primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected from the road geometric survey and traffic survey while the secondary data were collected from Sleman Sector Police covering the data on the accidents and types of accidents in 2017-2018. To analyze the correlation between road capacity volume with accidents, this study applied the MKJI 1997 rules while the regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between variables using the Microsoft Office Excel application. The results showed that the types of accidents that occurred were front-front, front-side, front-back, side-side. In 2017 the highest type of accident was a front-back hit (42,85%) and front-side hit(40%) in 2018. The correlation of road capacity volume ratio with speed is inversely proportional with the linear equation y = -68,493x +76,006 and the value of R2 = 0,8941. It means that when the road capacity volume is high, the vehicle volume is lower. Meanwhile, the correlation between road capacity volume ratio and accident was analyzed using non-linear equation with polinomial graphic. Based on analysis taken, it can be concluded that the lowest accident occurs in V/C 0.5 to 0.6 resulting in the equation y = 15,596x2 - 18,16x + 6,4528 with the value of R2= 0.7636 in 2017 and in 2018 the equation y = 68,673x2 - 76,176x + 22,31 with the R2= 0,8804.


This article attempts to demonstrate that personnel reform can be implemented much more smoothly if formal employee participation groups are established to ease system development and acceptance. Based on the experience of Biloxi, Mississippi, in its implementation of a merit pay plan, the utilization of employee merit councils appears to have had a very positive effect on employee attitudes toward management and merit system acceptance. Employees who participated on the merit councils were much more likely to perceive the system as fair and as one which actually in creased individual and team productivity — when compared to those employees who did not engage in formal group participation. These results, while not unexpected, provide further evidence support ive of participative management strategies.


6 S.Karger Basel Munchen Paris London New York Sydney Duodenal Ulcer Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine Vol. 6 Founded by BERTHOLD STOKVIS t FELIX DEUTSCH ARTHUR JORES Edited by J. BASTIAAN, Leiden; H. FREYBERGER, Hamburg; L. LEVI, Stockholm; Z.J. LIPOWSKI, Montreal; J.C.NEMIAH, Boston, Mass.; E. MEYER, Baltimore, Md.; F. REICHSMAN, Brooklyn, N.Y.; P. SAINSBURY, Chichester; H. WEINER, New York, N.Y. S. Karger Basel Mnchen . Paris London New York Sydney Duodenal Ulcer Edited by H. WEINER, New York, N. Y. 14 figures and 11 tables 1971 S. Karger. Basel Mnchen . Paris London New York Sydney Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine Vol. 1: Symposium of the Fourth European Conference on Psychosomatic Research, Hamburg, April 1959. VIII + 328 p., 35 fig., 1960. sFr. 58.Vol. 2: DEUTSCH, F. (Cambridge, Mass.): Body, Mind, and the Sensory Gateways. IV + 106 p., 1962. sFr. 18.Vol. 3: Proceedings of the Vth International Congress of Psychotherapy, Vienna 1961, Part III: Psychosomatic Medicine in Practice. VI + 207 p., 17 fig., 5 tab., 1963. sFr. 52.Vol. 4: Training in Psychosomatic Medicine. X + 221 p., I fig., 1964. sFr. 53.Vol. 5: Training in Psychosomatic Medicine. XII + 179 p., 1967. sFr. 39.S.Karger AG. Arnoid-Bocklin-Strasse 25, CH-4000 Basel I I (Switzerland) All rights, including that of translation into other languages, reserved. Photomechanic reproduction (photocopy, microcopy) of this book or parts thereof without special permission of the publishers is prohibited.


During the last three decades, population and housing censuses have been the most critical source of data for policy decisions and for formulation, monitoring and evaluation of national and sectoral development programmes in Africa. This was achieved through active participation of many countries in the decennial census programmes, commonly known as census rounds. The 2000 census round can be described successful in most cases. However, a number of countries experienced implementation problems and challenges, including inadequate funding and weak technical expertise in national statistics offices. To ensure successful implementation of the 2010 census round, it will be necessary to develop strategies that would address the identified problems of 2000 round. For instance, African governments and the international community should commit adequate resources to statistical programmes, including censuses and enhance capacities of the national statistics offices, especially through formal training of staff and provision of the equipment and materials.


The Maritime Archaeological Association of New Zealand was formally established in August 1989 as the result of a growing awareness of the need to control and direct maritime archaeology in New Zealand. In 1977, Jim McKinlay, Senior Archaeologist for the New Zealand Historic Places Trust. spoke al the First Southern Hemisphere Conference on Maritime Archaeology about the legislation in place in New Zealand which affords protection to marine sites around the New Zealand coast and inland waters (McKinlay, 1977). This legislation has remained largely unchanged, however a greater respect and recognition of the Treaty of Waitangi which is our founding document has emerged.


Using gravity, geoid, topography and surface heat flow data, we have modeled the density and temperature distribution in the lithosphere along three profiles crossing Iran in SW‐NE direction from the Arabian foreland in the SW to the South Caspian Basin and the Turan Platform to the NE. We find thin lithosphere (100–120 km) underneath central Iran, whereas thick lithosphere (up to 240 km) is found underneath Arabia, the South Caspian Basin and the Turan Platform. Crustal thickening is found under the Zagros and Alborz mountains (up to 60 km) and under the Kopet‐Dagh Mountains (48 km), whereas the thin crust under the southern Caspian Sea is either an oceanic crust or a highly thinned continental one. Below the South Caspian Sea, the shape of the crust‐mantle interface and the base of the lithosphere indicate a subduction of the South Caspian block toward the N‐NW. Further east, under the Kopet‐Dagh, no evidence for active subduction is visible. This can be explained by a rheologically very strong South Caspian block, surrounded by weaker continental lithosphere.


Ashley Patterson is a beautiful woman, guys was crazy to have her, but something is wrong inside her. She's always felt someone chase her and intend to kill her. Ashley has something that others hasn't. Unique characteristics of her that's made writer interested to seek deep inside of her story. The writer believe that the findings of her characteristics may enrich the knowldege of the characteristics. The aims of this project are to describe the characteristics of Ashley Patterson as a main character in the novel "Tell Me Your Dreams". This project used qualitative method since the result of the project are in the form of descriptions. The source of data is the novel of Tell Me Your Dreams. The results of this project are, Ashley is a paranoid women, Ashley always haunted by the past, Ashley is a tenacious women, Ashley is unconcentrating women, Ashley is smart, Ashley is always felt uncomfort, Ashley needs secure, Ashley is an old stylish, and Ashley is a stiff women.


Abstract— Impact ejecta eroded and transported by gravity flows, tsunamis, or glaciers have been reported from a number of impact structures on Earth. Impact ejecta reworked by fluvial processes, however, are sparsely mentioned in the literature. This suggests that shocked mineral grains and impact glasses are unstable when eroded and transported in a fluvial system. As a case study, we here present a report of impact ejecta affected by multiple fluvial reworking including rounded quartz grains with planar deformation features and diaplectic quartz and feldspar glass in pebbles of fluvial sandstones from the "Monheimer Höhensande" ?10 km east of the Ries crater in southern Germany.


The Blown Powder Process is a new way of laser assisted Rapid Tooling. Material properties of the produced models or tools are mostly determined by the properties of the base metal powder, while process parameters show almost no influence.The process behaviour can be improved by adequate process control. With a temperature control a constant melt pool temperature could be achieved. Different types of distance control systems were implemented and compared. An image process system was easily installed and operated while a distance measuring system based on the optical back scattered radiation provided higher precision.Finally, optimum powder catchment rate and surface quality were achieved by improving the powder nozzle system, based on FV-analysis.The Blown Powder Process is a new way of laser assisted Rapid Tooling. Material properties of the produced models or tools are mostly determined by the properties of the base metal powder, while process parameters show almost no influence.The process behaviour can be improved by adequate process control. With a temperature control a constant melt pool temperature could be achieved. Different types of distance control systems were implemented and compared. An image process system was easily installed and operated while a distance measuring system based on the optical back scattered radiation provided higher precision.Finally, optimum powder catchment rate and surface quality were achieved by improving the powder nozzle system, based on FV-analysis.


The experiment was conducted to study the effects of three different types of feed regime,i.e.feeding ducks in the pen,feeding ducks on the plastic mesh and pasturing ducks,on egg contents and egg yolk color in egg-laying duck.Results indicated that: The dry matter content of egg white was affected significantly by feed regime(P0.05),the egg whites from the eggs of pasture ducks had more water and less dry matter than that from the other two types of feed regime,that of the other two types of feed regime had no significant difference.The dry matter content of egg yolk was not affected significantly by feed regime(P0.05),but that of pasture duck is low,that of the ducks fed in the pen is higher than that of pasture duck,that of ducks fed on the plastic mesh is the highest.The absolute content of amino acid of egg white was affected significantly by feed regime(P0.05),but the ratio of single amino acid to the total content of amino acid was only affected a little.The grade of egg yolk color,fat content of dry matter of yolk and the flavor of the egg were affected significantly by feed regime(P0.05),and that of pasture ducks were better than that of the ducks fed by the other two types of feed regime.Synthetically appraising the eggs from ducks fed by three different types of feed regime indicated that the total nutrition content of eggs had little difference among the ducks fed in the three different types of feed regime,but the flavor of the egg from pasture ducks was better than that of the ducks fed by the other two types of feed regime.


B[e] Supergiants are luminous evolved massive stars. The mass-loss during this phase creates a complex circumstellar environment with atomic, molecular, and dusty regions usually found in rings or disk-like structures. For a better comprehension of the mechanisms behind the formation of these rings, detailed knowledge about their structure and dynamics is essential. To address that, we obtained high-resolution optical and near-infrared spectra for 8 selected Galactic B[e] Supergiants, for which CO emission has been detected. Assuming Keplerian rotation for the disk, we combine the kinematics obtained from the CO bands in the near-IR with those obtained by fitting the forbidden emission [OI] $\lambda$5577, [OI] $\lambda\lambda$6300,6363, and [CaII] $\lambda\lambda$7291,7323 lines in the optical to probe the disk structure. We find that the emission originates from multiple ring structures around all B[e] Supergiants, with each one of them displaying a unique combination of rings regardless of whether the object is part of a binary system. The confirmed binaries display spectroscopic variations of their line intensities and profiles as well as photometric variability, whereas the ring structures around the single stars are stable.


Naked singularities are hypothetical astrophysical objects, characterized by a gravitational singularity without an event horizon. Penrose has proposed a conjecture, according to which there exists a cosmic censor who forbids the occurrence of naked singularities. Distinguishing between astrophysical black holes and naked singularities is a major challenge for present day observational astronomy. In the context of stationary and axially symmetrical geometries, a possibility of differentiating naked singularities from black holes is through the comparative study of thin accretion disks properties around rotating naked singularities and Kerr-type black holes, respectively. In the present paper, we consider accretion disks around axially-symmetric rotating naked singularities, obtained as solutions of the field equations in the Einstein-massless scalar field theory. A first major difference between rotating naked singularities and Kerr black holes is in the frame dragging effect, the angular velocity of a rotating naked singularity being inversely proportional to its spin parameter. Because of the differences in the exterior geometry, the thermodynamic and electromagnetic properties of the disks (energy flux, temperature distribution and equilibrium radiation spectrum) are different for these two classes of compact objects, consequently giving clear observational signatures that could discriminate between black holes and naked singularities. For specific values of the spin parameter and of the scalar charge, the energy flux from the disk around a rotating naked singularity can exceed by several orders of magnitude the flux from the disk of a Kerr black hole. In addition to this, it is also shown that the conversion efficiency of the accreting mass into radiation by rotating naked singularities is always higher than the conversion efficiency for black holes, i.e., naked singularities provide a much more efficient mechanism for converting mass into radiation than black holes. Thus, these observational signatures may provide the necessary tools from clearly distinguishing rotating naked singularities from Kerr-type black holes.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four diets on the results of seven-day Ceriodaphnia dubia toxicity tests. Survival and reproduction were used as indices to detect the sensitivity of this species to acute and chronic copper stress. All toxicity tests were conducted using the moderately hard reconstituted water recommended in 1989 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Diet differentially affected the acute and chronic toxicity of copper. Daphnids fed Selenastrum capricornutum (alga) showed the greatest sensitivity, followed by those fed the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardti, then by animals fed a Yeast-Cerophyll[sup TM]-Trout Food (YCTF) mixture plus Selenastrum, and finally by animals fed YCTF alone. These differences may result from the poor nutritional adequacy of Selenastrum when fed alone, the different caloric contents of the diets, the increased toxicant uptake by the organisms through ingestion of copper-laden algal cells, and/or copper ions sequestered by fats and insoluble substances in YCTF. The authors recognize that diet is an important variable in seven-day toxicity tests, and that the selection of a diet should not be based only on its effects on long-term culturing of C. dubia, but also on its possible effects on test results.


A diagnostic technique is discussed and illustrated by experiment, which reveals sources of error in current integration dosimetry. The technique uses simple, specially prepared samples and an oscilloscope display of the measured current versus time.


The genetics of eight small red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris L. ) populations in northern Belgium is investigated by analysing variation in a section of the mitochondrial control region and five microsatellite loci. The full sequence of the mitochondrial control region in red squirrels is determined and is compared to that of other mammals. The isolation of microsatellite loci is also described.
The eight fragment populations are compared with two large Belgian populations and one large population in the Bavarian Forest, Germany. Virtually no variation is found in the control region within any of the Belgian squirrels, although the German population is found to be highly variable. However, the Belgian and German samples show comparable levels of diversity at the microsatellite loci. The lack of variation in the control region of the Belgian squirrels suggests that they have lost variation, due to either selective or demographic pressures. A combination of a bottleneck and metapopulation structuring could lead to reduced diversity levels and explain the observed patterns of variation.
The recent effects of habitat fragmentation and population expansion can be seen in the microsatellite data. Three of the fragment populations show evidence of recent bottlenecks or founder events, probably due to the recent colonisation of these areas by squirrels from nearby expanding populations. Estimations of FsT and RsT show that there is some differentiation among the populations, but none of the populations are significantly differentiated from any of the others. There is no correlation between genetic differentiation and geographic distance indicating that migration is influenced by other factors as well as distance. The fragment populations all contain more allelic diversity than would be expected in populations of their size at mutation-drift equilibrium. Migration between the populations appears to be maintaining nuclear variation and counteracting the effects of random genetic drift.


In this paper we analyze a cell vertex finite-volume method for linear and non-linear convection-diffusion problems in one dimension. For linear problems, the stability proof relies on compactness arguments developed by Grigorieff. However, Grigorieff's ideas have had to be extended to account for non-compact schemes. The analysis establishes second-order convergence of both the approximate solution and its gradient. This is despite the fact that the scheme is only first-order consistent. The analysis of the linear problem is taken over to non-linear problems via the theory of Lopez-Marcos and Sanz-Serna. Numerical experiments are provided which back up the analysis


Based upon the development of the human aesthetic idea,the paper examines the the aesthetic courses of Chinese calligaphy in the vision of appreciating the ugly.the writer holds the opinion that the development of calligraphy is in reality the process of assembling the beautiful and abandoning the ugly.Assembling the beautiful and abandoning the ugly and pursuing the ugly form the two aesthetic sourses of the Chinese calligraphy.


. The problem of processing huge data sets has been studied for many years. Many valid technologies and methods for dealing with this problem have been developed. Random sampling [1] was proposed by Carlett to solve this problem in 1991, but it cannot work when the number of samples is over 32,000. K. C. Philip divided a big data set into some subsets which fit in memory at first, and then developed a classifier for each subset in parallel [2]. However, its accuracy is less than those processing a data set as a whole. SLIQ [3] and SPRINT [4], developed by IBM Almaden Research Center in 1996, are two important algorithms with the ability of dealing with disk-resident data directly. Their performance is equivalent to that of classical decision tree algorithms. Many other improved algorithms, such as CLOUDS [5] and ScalParC [6], are developed later. RainForest [7] is a framework for fast decision tree con-struction for large datasets. Its speed and effect are better than SPRINT in some cases. L. A. Ren, Q. He and Z. Z. Shi used hyper surface sep-aration and HSC classification method to classify huge data sets and achieved a good performance [8, 9]. Combining the divide and conquer method, a quick attribute reduction algorithm based on attribute order is developed. Its time complexity is O ( m × n × ( m + log n )), and its space complexity is O ( n + m ) [19]. (2) Quick knowledge reduction attribute In some huge databases, the number of attributes is big, even over 1000. It is very difficult for domain experts to provide an attribute order. In this case, attribute reduction algorithm without attribute order will be needed. Although many algorithms are proposed for such applications, their complexities are too high to be put into industry application. Combining the divide and conquer method, we will develop new knowledge reduction algorithms without attribute order. The aim of complexities of such algorithms will be: t = O ( m × n × ( m + log n )) and s = O ( n + m ). In this research framework, we have had some good results on attribute core calculation, its complexities are t = O ( m × n ), s = O ( n + m ) [20].


Objective To improve the identification(1) and determination of content for amantadine hydrochloride granules in the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" of part two for 2010 edition.Methods Replaced pre-treatment sampling for identifying reaction sample with "the equivalent of amantadine hydrochloride 0.01g with 5ml of water soluble" and used HPLC-ELSD method instead of the current methods for determination,with parameters of column was C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile-0.06% trifluoroacetic acid solution(20:80),the column temperature was 30℃,the injection volume was 10μl,the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,the detector was ELSD,the drift tube temperature was 55℃ and the atomization gas was air.Results Improved methods of identifying were simpler,easier for filtering and the phenomenon was more obvious;the linear range of HPLC-ELSD for amantadine hydrochloride was 80.48μg-281.68ug μg(r= 0.9991);the mean recovery was 100.34%,(RSD = 0.92%).Conclusion The improved methods of identifying are simple,rapid and sensitive;determination methods(HPLC-ELSD) are simpler,more reliable,more accurate than standard method and suitable for quality control of preparation.


Abstract Sexual self-concept (SSC) is an important component of health that is closely associated with the well-being of survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA). Compared with non-CSA respondents, SSC of CSA survivors was deleteriously affected, resulting in ineffective psychological functioning (negative self-evaluation, psychological ill-health, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships). Negative SSC (sexual anxiety, sexual depression, and sexual fear) played a significant role in mediating the adverse effects of CSA on psychological functioning. Future studies may recruit a sample with greater variation in CSA characteristics and use externalizing problems as outcome measures to cross-validate findings of this study.


The article is devoted to the problem of improving the quality of higher pedagogical education based on the methodology of the reflexive-activity approach in the organization of training of future teachers. The creation of a reflexive educational environment ensures the active formation of professional thinking, metacognitive skills and communicative culture of students. In professional education, students ' reflexive activity promotes awareness of the process and results of professional development. At the present stage, the use of reflexive technologies is carried out in the process of organizing reflexive support for a holistic pedagogical process. Various types of reflexive techniques are described. Reflection is used in conducting various training sessions in the context of the use of traditional and active (interactive) pedagogical technologies. Students ' reflexive activity in games allows them to evaluate their role-playing behavior: how well it is competent, psychologically and pedagogically justified and appropriate, whether it can lead to success, etc. The article shows the method of using reflexive technologies in the process of organizing simulation and non-simulation games. In the context of digitalization of education, new opportunities are emerging in the use of reflexive technologies. This is due to the use of tele-reflection in the pedagogical process, as a way of visualizing the reflexive practice of students. It is based on the use of audio and video recordings of the game interaction of students.


Storytelling plays a central role in human socializing and entertainment, and research on conducting storytelling with robots is gaining interest. However, much of this research assumes that story content is curated. In this paper, we expand the recently-proposed task of collaborative storytelling, where an intelligent agent and a person collaborate to create a unique story by taking turns adding to it, for application to social robot and consider the design implications that arise. Since latency can be detrimental to human-robot interaction, we examine the performance-latency trade-offs of an existing generate-and-rank-based approach to collaborative storytelling by finding the optimal ranker's sample size that strikes the best balance between quality and computational cost. We improve on existing evaluation that was previously based on system-generated stories by having human participants play the collaborative storytelling game with our system and comparing the stories they create with our system to a naive baseline. Finally, we conduct a pilot elicitation survey that sheds light on issues to consider when adapting our collaborative storytelling system to a social robot. Our evaluation shows that participants have a positive view of collaborative storytelling with a social robot and consider rich, emoting capabilities to be key to enjoyment.


In NIME design, thorough attention has been devoted to feedback modalities, including auditory, visual and hap-tic feedback. How the performer executes the gestures to achieve a sound on an instrument, by contrast, appears to be less examined. Previous research showed that auditory imagery, or the ability to hear or recreate sounds in the mind even when no audible sound is present, is essential to the sensorimotor control involved in playing an instrument. In this paper, we enquire whether auditory imagery can also help to support skill transfer between musical instruments resulting in possible implications for new instrument design. To answer this question, we performed two experimental studies on pitch accuracy and fluency where professional violinists were asked to play a modified violin. Results showed altered or even possibly irrelevant auditory feedback on a modified violin does not appear to be a significant impediment to performance. However, performers need to have coherent imagery of what they want to do, and the sonic outcome needs to be coupled to the motor program to achieve it. This finding shows that the design paradigm should be shifted from a direct feedback model of instrumental playing toward a model where imagery guides the playing process. This result is in agreement with recent research on skilled sensorimotor control that highlights the value of feedforward anticipation in embodied musical performance. It is also of primary importance for the design of new instruments: new sounds that cannot easily be imagined and that are not coupled to a motor program are not likely to be easily performed on the instrument.


Development of cleanup technology for combustion waste is more and more necessary today. The emissions of stationary natural-gas-fueled engines can be purified by in-engine methods and by treatment of the exhaust gases. This paper describes the latter technologies. There are two conventional technologies for nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction methods by the three-way catalyst and the selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The three-way catalyst operates only well within a narrow air-to-fuel ratio window, but when the exhaust gas is too lean, the NOx will not be removed. The SCR of NOx in exhaust gas has the advantage that the engine process itself does not have to be adapted and closely controlled as in case of extended lean-burn technologies. Ammonia or urea injected into the exhaust gas must be used as the reducing agent with conventional SCR system. However, the addition of a SCR system for the small or middle size cogeneration system, it would pose problems regarding cost and space for storage and injection of the reducing agent. Therefore, we have examining the catalyst which is able to reduce NOx with hydrocarbons (HC) containing in exhaust gas itself, and we developed the new HC-SCR catalyst. The de-NOx system using the HC-SCR catalyst has numerous advantages as follows:
 1) Compactness and low cost: catalyst unit only
 2) High efficiency: adaptation of lean-burn technology for engine operation
 3) High performance: excellent catalytic activity and durability
 4) Safeties: no use of ammonia as a reducing agent
 In this study, we report the catalytic activity of the new catalyst and propose a total cleanup system for exhaust gases of lean-burn gas engines. Alumina-supported silver (Ag/Al2O3) was used for the new catalyst. When the measurement was carried out with one reducing gas in the reactant gas each, propane and propane were most effective for NOx reduction, ethane and ethylene were secondly effective for NOx reduction.
 Practical test of the Ag/Al2O3 catalyst was carried out using a real exhaust gas from a 400 kW class lean-bum gas engine. The full-size catalyst was obtained by washcoating the catalyst powder on a metallic monolithic honeycomb substrate (size: 650 mm ϕ × 324 mmL, 200 cells/inch2). When the engine was operated at 400 kWe output, temperature of the exhaust gas was 762 K and GHSV was 17635 h−1. The NOx conversion was reached to 30% and the catalytic activity was maintained after the operation for more than 2000 hr.
 Conventional alumina-supported platinum (Pt/Al2O3) catalysts were mounted to exhaust gas line for cleanup test. The emission of CO and aldehydes was in the exhaust gas, but it could be highly removed by the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. Practical tests of this catalyst were carried out using 300–400 kW class lean-burn gas engines. GHSV of these catalysts were about 50,000 h−1. The CO and aldehydes conversion were reached to more than 90% and the catalytic activities were maintained after the operation for about 10,000 hr.


The V-I characteristic math expression of a PV module extracted fully from the datasheet values provided by PV manufactures was presented in this paper.The V-I curve at arbitrary irradiance and temperature conditions could be obtained from this model.Then a PV module model was done based on Matlab S-function according to the above-mentioned path and the simulation run with the datasheet values of a commercial product.The result reveals that the V-I curve generated by this model fits the real V-I curve well.This model can be used in the simulation of PV system MPPT control.


Diploma 9, from the Architectural Association of London, was invited to finance and build a watch tower for the Botanical Garden of the international city of Auroville, on the east coast of southern India.
Since 1968, groups of people from all around the world, have been building the experimental township. Today the latest challenge is to transfer all the innovation onto an urban scale to create a sustainable development able to answer the global challenge of the new century.


We present viable $F$-term realizations of the hybrid inflationary scenario in the context of supergravity addressing at the same time the well-known problems of the initial conditions and of the adequate suppression of the inflaton mass. An essential role in our construction is played by decoupled superheavy fields without superpotential acquiring large vacuum expectation values due to $D$ terms associated with anomalous $U(1)$ gauge symmetries. The naturalness of the initial conditions is achieved through a chaotic inflation starting at energies close to the Planck scale and driven by the anomalous $D$ terms. We discuss two distinct mechanisms leading to such an early chaotic $D$-term inflation which depend on the choice of the K\"ahler potential involving the superheavy fields. The one relies on a choice of the K\"ahler potential of the $SU(1,1)/U(1)$ K\"ahler manifold of the type encountered in no-scale supergravity whereas the other employs a more conventional choice for the K\"ahler potential of the $SU(1,1)/U(1)$ or $SU(2)/U(1)$ K\"ahler manifold but invokes rather specific values of the Fayet-Iliopoulos $\ensuremath{\xi}$ term. For such specific values of the $\ensuremath{\xi}$ term we exploit the existence of special classical nonoscillatory solutions describing inflationary expansion at both large and small inflaton field values. In the scenarios considered the superpotential is linear in the inflaton field associated with the observable inflation on account of a $R$ symmetry and the suppression of the inflaton mass is a result of a cancellation between the always positive contribution of the decoupled superheavy fields and a negative contribution originating from the part of the K\"ahler potential involving the inflaton.


An experimental research with a Pre and Post test design was used to assess the effect of Self acupressure on anxiety among the Nursing students awaiting their University examination. The students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups through odd and even number method. Totally 38 students were selected, 19 each in the experimental and control group. Self acupressure at P6 acupoint was used for anxiety relief in the study. DrSpeilbergers State and Trait Anxiety Inventory( STAI) - Form Y was used to assess the State and Trait Anxiety among the students. The mean post test anxiety score in the control group was 52.58 (moderate anxiety level) as against 40.37 (low anxiety level) in the experimental group, which was statistically significant at P < 0.05. Self acupressure at P6 acupoint was effective in reducing anxiety as a significant difference was observed between the mean post test anxiety score in the experimental and control groups.


Objective:To study the correlation between interventional therapy effect and the changes of some parameters of dynamic enhanced MRI.Methods:Dynamic enhanced MRI was performed shortly before and after interventional therapy in 30 patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head.Time intensity curve(TIC) were charted.Some parameters,such as peak intensity,maximum enhancement value,maximum enhancement ratio,the steepest slope etc.were measured and calculated.The interventional therapy effect was evaluated by the traditional methods.The correlation between interventional therapy effect and the changes of some parameters of dynamic MRI was analyzed.Results:Peak intensity of TIC before and after interventional therapy was 19.504±1.231 and 42.125±1.351(P0.05), maximum enhancement values 8.962±0.153,18.177±2.324(P=0.05);maximum enhancement ratio 1.85±0.231,1.76±0.034(P0.05) and the steepest slopes 0.251±0.011,0.412±0.023(P0.05).Conclusion:The changes of some parameters of dynamic MRI after interventional therapy in ANFH patients are well correlated with interventional therapy effect,therefore,dynamic enhanced MRI may be useful in estimation of interventional therapy effect,which provides a supplementary reference.


Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Ezetimibe combined with atorvastatin in treating hyperlipidemia.Methods 171 cases with hypercholesterolemia(an average age of 78 years) were randomly divided into three groups,A(Ezetimibe) group,B(atorvastatin calcium) group and C(Ezetimibe combined with atorvastatin) groups for 12 weeks of treatment.Results There were significant differences between group C and group A,B in TC、LDC-C level after treatment;the effective rate in group C was higher them those in group A and B.There was no significant difference in adverse reaction among the groups.Conclusions The efficacy of combination of ezetimibe and atorvastatin is significantly better than either alone in treating hypercholesterolemia with good safely.


In this paper, the high thermo-optic coefficient, and enhancing sensitivity with temperature, high birefringence PCF filled in ethanol was manufactured by temperature sensor of filling the air holes with ethanol. The theoretical model of high birefringence PCF has proposed by the plane wave expansion method, at the same time the temperature impacts of the birefringence and beat length in high birefringence PCF which filled with ethanol were numerical analyzed. The birefringence increases as a beat length decreases with a wavelength increases. Especially high birefringence PCF is more sensitive to temperature with the long wavelength, which is a reference significance in useful to design temperature sensors.


Introduction: This study seeks to understand the origin of the equatorial layered deposits (ELDs), including the Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) and the filled craters of Elysium and Arabia Planitiae (e.g., Gusev and Henry Craters). Several origin hypotheses have been proposed for the MFF [c.f. summary in 1], most involving a pyroclastic origin but one proposing formation at the poles [2]. Previous work using MOLA to test the polar formation theory found that there are both similarities and significant differences between the equatorial and polar layered deposits, and concluded that the MFF may be volatile rich, but did not form at the poles [3]. Another MOLA-based study similarly found that the deposits were not polar in origin, and instead concluded that they were most consistent with a welded ashfall tuff [4]. [5] further showed that the ELDs could not be evidence of true polar wander on the basis of the time scales necessary for polar wander to have occurred. Morphological evidence also indicates that while there are similarities between the poles and the ELDs, including extensive layering at multiple scales, unusual smoothness at several scales [see also discussion in 6], steep slopes (~1-6 ̊ in the MFF, ~1-10 ̊ at the poles), and distal thinning of the materials, there are also fundamental differences, notably the lateral extent of the ELDs: the MFF itself reaches across 90 ̊ of longitude (Figure 1), and filled craters are present around the globe. If the ELDs did form by a mechanism similar to that of the poles, what were the sources of the volatiles, and how did they reach the equator?


The Ethiopian languages x) of Geez, Tigrinya, Amharic and Argobba have a form called the gerundive. The bases of the gerundive are: Geez ndgird-, Tigrinya ndgir-2), Amharic nagra-, Argobba tagtod-z), all of them followed by suffix pronouns. While in Tigrinya the gerundive can be used for both main and subordinate clauses4), in the other languages it expresses mainly a subordinate action. Thus, in Amharic the gerundive usually expresses an action that precedes that of the verb of the main clause as in masobun kafto dabbowzn wassada " having uncovered the basket he took the bread It can also have a co-extensive circumstantial usage, as in ruto hedd " he went running Caha does not have a gerundive like the forms mentioned above, but can express the meanings of the gerundive by a form called pseudogerundive.


In anthropology, infrastructure as a site of inquiry or as an analytical framework has led to the steady production of ethnographical works around the world. Daniel Mains's book on infrastructural systems in urban Ethiopia represents a seminal contribution to the growing literature on infrastructure within the discipline. Looking at different infrastructural projects such as dams, roads, and three-wheel motorcycles in two medium-sized cities of Ethiopia, Jimma and Hawassa, the author focuses on the mere process of construction as "a site for exploring everyday encounters between citizens, the state, and infrastructural technologies" (4). In the course of global structural adjustments of deregulation, and a revolution which put an end to the military dictatorship (1974–91), the Ethiopian state, and so many more states in Africa and beyond, retreated from many areas of economic life. Notwithstanding and due to its central role in the country's development, the state is still a key actor in the processes of construction. Rapid economic growth between 2007 and 2017 and a new political agenda paved the way for state-led infrastructural projects in Ethiopia. Meser Limat, the term used in Ethiopia's national language Amharic, to refer to infrastructure literally translates to "the foundation of development" and encapsulates the narratives of progress and renaissance employed by the leading and ruling party EPRDF (Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front).


This study discusses social personal guidance as an effort to develop positive mental attitudes in students. In social personal guidance is often related to environmental factors and traits, as well as various aspects need to be a concern of counselor understanding in dealing with service goals as a basis for diagnosis, and providing assistance to students. One of the social personal guidance services to carry out a counseling guidance for the development of positive mental attitude of students. The type of research used is library research (library research). which has the nature of qualitative descriptive research who wish to obtain analytical data on social personal guidance in an effort to form a positive mental attitude. The results of this study are the implementation of personal-social guidance services consisting of 4 stages, namely the planning stage, implementation stage, evaluation stage and follow-up. Forms of implementation of social personal guidance services with indirect methods include classical guidance, collaboration with homeroom teachers, classical guidance, collaboration with homeroom teachers, collaboration with parents, collaboration with related parties outside of school, home visits. The material presented includes motivation, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-adjustment, and emotional control. Forms of implementation with direct methods include individual guidance, group guidance, and individual counseling. Social personal guidance to develop and maintain positive mental attitudes of students.


The research work was conducted in a cooled plastic tunnel to Study the response of cucumber to different doses of soluble nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P and K) fertilizers at Shambat Research Station, Sudan, during the seasons, 2020 and 2021. The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The hybrid variety of cucumber "Mawasim" was used. Three combination doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (20gm N + 13.3gm P + 23.3gm K), (40gm N + 26.7gm P + 46.7gm K) and (80gm N + 53.4gm P + 93.4gm K) per m2 in addition to control (no fertilizer) were applied. The fertilizer doses were added twice weekly starting two weeks from sowing date. The data collected included plant growth parameters, the yield, yield and its components and fruit quality. The combined ANOVA was used for analysis. The results showed that application of fertilizers significantly increased all growth, yield and its components compared to control. The medium dose (40gm N + 26.7gm P + 46.7gm K/ m2), gave significant positive effects on all parameters tested in both seasons. The growth and yield values were decreased with increased fertilizer dose. This indicates that the medium dose from N, P and K can be recommended for cucumber production under the cooled plastic tunnels.


Despite a large interest from the developing community and the aid of Ontario's Small Hydro Encouragement Program (Ministry of Energy 1986) which is administrated by the Ontario Ministry of Energy, the development process is complicated by a myriad of federal and provincial legislation that regulate small hydro in Ontario. The purpose of this paper is to outline the requirements of the various forms of relative legislation, regulation and policies that affect small hydro in the province. In addition, many forms of approvals require consideration of the environment and therefore, a general approach to environmental impact is discussed. 3 refs.


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: proposed method of continuous mixing of fibres with binder at production of fibrous boards with the help of continuous mixer including at least one mixing chamber and one or several mixing tools fitted on rotary mixing shaft. Note here that said mixing tools mix the fibres and displace them via mixer in direction of feed. It differs from known processes in that mixing shaft rpm (n) and mixing chamber diameter (d) comply in case when the rated centrifugal acceleration of fibres at the mixer inner wall section makes 10000 to 30000 rev/sec 2 . EFFECT: higher efficiency. 16 cl, 4 dwg


Burnout has been recognized as an important stress-related problem. Researchers have been troubled by some of the psychometric limitations of the questionnaires developed to evaluate burnout. This study was designed to assess the factor structure of the Spanish Burnout Inventory in a sample of 548 Brazilian public administration employees. This instrument comprises 20 items distributed in four dimensions: enthusiasm toward the job (5 items), psychological exhaustion (4 items), indolence (6 items), and guilt (5 items). The factor structure was examined through confirmatory factor analysis. To assess the factorial validity of the Spanish Burnout Inventory, four alternative models were tested. The four-factor model obtained an adequate data fit for the sample, χ2(164) = 514.358, p < .001, RMSEA = .062, GFI = .910, NFI = .915, CFI = .940, and AIC = 606.358. The results showed that the four-model factor of the Spanish Burnout Inventory possesses adequate psychometric properties in the Brazilian cultural context. Implications for future research and practice are also discussed.


It was well known that the presence of iodide had a negative effect on determination of mercury by the flameless atomic absorption photometry. In this case, however, a permissible amount of iodide differed from one another in workers. Then, the effect of iodide on the mercury determination was examined. As a result, up to about 1μg/ml iodide had no effect on the determination of up to about 0.01μg/ml mercury within the relative error ±4%.For the determination of mercury in tissues of rat the following method was applied.Tissues of rats were digested with perchloric acid-nitric acid mixture at 70-75°C overnight. The solution was diluted to 100ml with water, and then 5ml of sulfuric acid (1: 1) and 10ml of stannous chloride solution (10%) were added. 0.01-1μg of mercury was determined with 98-104% recovery in the presence of up to 100μg of iodide.


There are many problems in land expropriation compensation. Study on subjects, obligee, compensation standard, and scope, compensation way and procedure can be done by taking foreign experience for reference. Relevant legislations about the system of land expropriation compensation can also be strengthened.


Over the past decade, Belgium, like many OECD countries, has set out to modernize the management of its public affairs. In April 2000, the Belgian federal government adopted a far-reaching reform of the structures and functioning of the State: the Copernic Plan. One of the ambitions of the changes introduced by the reform is the accountability of senior civil servants. In line with this reform, various measures were developed, the results of which appear to be mixed. This article aims to analyse the outcome of these mechanisms through the behaviour of the stakeholders and their impacts on the regulation and practice of the mechanisms. To do this, the author uses the strategic analysis developed by Crozier and Friedberg (1977). In doing so, the interaction of the stakeholders in response to the measures introduced to increase accountability is highlighted in order to understand certain stand-offs still blocking the processes of modernization.Points for practitionersThis contribution sets out to analyse the...


In the previous study, the authors had suggested a rudder system with the trailing edge rotor. The study showed that the rudder system is simple and the trailing edge rotor can augment the rudder force twice than that of the original rudder system. In this study, we changed the rotational direction of the trailing edge rotor from clockwise into counterclockwise and investigated the lift and drag performance of the rudder system. Purpose of this study is whether the trailing edge rotor can be applied to not only the rudder system but also the fixed foil system. The results of this study shows that the trailing edge rotor can control the lift force by changing the rotational direction and angular velocity, and it can be applied to the fixed foil system.


Objective: To implement the nursing process in a pregnant woman with falciparum malaria. Method: Case study, qualitative approach, unique and intrinsic type. Conducted in the mixed unit in a county of the Brazilian Amazon in the months of May and June 2018. The primary data were obtained through anamnesis, physical examination and clinical judgment and the secondary data were extracted from the medical record to support the nursing diagnoses proposed by North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), interventions and results as Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) respectively, in the light of Wanda Horta's theory. Results: Nursing diagnoses found according to basic human needs were: intolerance to activity; hyperthermia; risk of electrolyte imbalance; acute pain and ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion. Conclusion: Standardized and individualized nursing care provided quality care and health recovery of pregnant women, preventing severe complications.


The general applicability of the Monod relationship between the logarithmic growth rate constant and substrate concentration was studied for heterogeneous populations metabolizing a variety of substrates including concentrated municipal sewage. It was found that growth could be described by the Monod equation, μ = μm/ks + s. The kinetic "constants" for heterogeneous populations growing on concentrated sewage were comparable to those found with glucose as substrate.


The author discusses some of the problems of failure-survival automatic flight control systems and suggests some basic ground rules as design criteria.The advantages and disadvantages of some of the main types of system are discussed: duplex, triplex, triple component, duplicate-monitored and quadruplex systems being covered.In particular, a quadruplex actuator is described which has been designed and developed mainly for automatic flight control system applications where a very high degrees of failure-survival capability is required.A detailed failure analysis of the various systems is carried out and the importance of the electrical and hydraulic supply system configurations and failure rates is brought out.


There is a continuing trend in developing countries, as elsewhere, to devolve activities which have hitherto been performed by the public sector to the private sector, and to less regulated markets. The marketing of staple foods is no exception to this trend, but it raises important issues about national food security, price stability, and the protection of poor people from price rises which could mean malnutrition or starvation. Rice Marketing in Indonesia describes a research project which explores these issues in depth for a staple food commodity in a large developing country. The research focuses on seasonal rice price formation, on storage and sales decisions by farmers and traders, and on competition and efficiency in marketing channels. The research approach, which involves tracing marketing chains from sample farmers, is likely to be of interest to all those concerned with studying the liberalization of food markets in developing countries.


Abstract Damping of low-frequency electro-mechanical oscillations is essential for reliable operation of power systems. The fast acting, power electronics based FACTS controllers which are capable of improving both steady state and dynamic performance permit enhanced approaches to system stabilization. This paper presents the control laws and location index proposed for a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) based on a circuit analogy of the electro-mechanical system. The signals which are used can be synthesized using locally available measurements. A detailed study of small signal analysis is carried out to study the effectiveness of the control law and strategic location of the damping controller. With the objective of damping oscillations, a nonlinear constrained optimization technique has been presented for tuning the controller parameters with and without phase compensation. Transient stability analysis has then been performed with STATCOM for a multimachine power system. Comparison of the optimization technique with that of the classical root locus method shows improvement of stability obtained with the former. Case studies on a single machine infinite bus system, three machine system and ten machine systems illustrate the effect of STATCOM on transient stability and its accurate prediction.


In Wireless Sensor Networks, nodes near the sink have to transmit data of those sensor nodes which are at a far distance from sink node. So they lose their energy very soon. Hence it divides the network and reduces the lifetime of the network as the sensor nodes die at an early stage. The resulting issue is called as Energy-hole problem. We overcome this problem by placing many mobile sinks which move in the network to gather the data sensed by other cluster heads which fall in its range. While collecting this data the mobile sink saves the information about the remaining energy of the sensor cluster heads. Using this information the mobile sink move to those cluster heads with greater energy. Hence the Energy-hole problem is reduced as the next neighbouring node of the sink is the greater energy potential node and sink keeps moving regularly. Thus there is a fair use of energy in the network which increases the durability of the network. To achieve this we prefer quite good geometrically principled Circular orbits consisting of many mobile sinks in the huge wireless sensor networks which have time based constraints. Suppose if we have 1000 sensor nodes and 40 sinks, then we can avoid 50% delay when compared to the mobile sinks with irregular pattern of movement. So placing mobile sinks in circular orbits of pre-defined range avoids energy loss or more usage of energy and is time efficient.


The proposal to publish NHS consultants' private earnings must have led to sharp intakes of breath all along Harley Street.1 We British are squeamish about money talk. And NHS England's timing—right after the junior doctors' strikes and before negotiations on the consultants' contract—has prompted suspicion.

I was brought up in the era when consultants weren't there to take ward rounds because they were "down at the mint" (seeing private patients). Then, also, private ambulances would deposit patients with no recordable blood pressure into NHS care. These were patients freshly wounded by private institutions that lacked intensive care facilities. Without doubt, there …


Readers of PMLA Recognize 26 Broadway, in New York City, as the Headquarters of the Mla, One of the Major Hubs of Intellectual work in literary and cultural studies in North America. But in the summer of 1840, 26 Broadway was a commercial hub that connected the world of the Atlantic Ocean with the world of the Indian Ocean. Here, in the offices of the New York firm Barclay and Livingston, Ahmad Bin Na'aman, special envoy of the sultan of Zanzibar, Sayyid Said, offered for sale merchandise that had been brought to the United States from Muscat and Zanzibar. The merchandise included "1,300 bags of dates, 21 bales of Persian wool carpets and 100 bales of Mokha coffee" that had been acquired at Muscat and "108 prime ivory tusks, 81 cases of gum copal, … 135 bags of cloves and 1,000 dry salted hides" from Zanzibar (Eilts 32). The cargo had come to New York on 30 April 1840 aboard the Sultanah, a bark owned by the sultan and commanded by William Sleeman, an Englishman. Except for two Frenchmen whose identities are uncertain and two Englishwomen who had sought passage to London, where the ship was headed, most of those on board were African slaves belonging to the ship's officers and hired lascars, Muslim seamen from the lower Konkan and Malabar coasts of India who had been signed on in Bombay, where the ship had been refitted for the transatlantic voyage and from which it first embarked (3). The slaves, we are told, were dressed in garments made of coarse cotton cloth "called merikani, after the country of its manufacture" (4). In his account of the voyage of the Sultanah, Hermann Frederick Eilts writes of "the pungent vapors of cloves, gum copal and coffee (from the ship's cargo), of tar and pitch, of open-hearth cooking in deep, acrid sheep tail's fat, called ghee, of primitive shipboard sanitation and of coconut oil" (4). This account of the "first Arab emissary and the first Arab vessel to visit American shores" is a rich reminder of the historical interconnections in the world (6).


The fourth harmonic generation (FHG) of Nd:YAG laser using NLO crystals is an effective method to achieve a high-power UV laser at 266 nm. Based on practical application, the growth...


Porous dolomites of the Grayburg/San Andres Formations (Permian, Guadalupian) form major hydrocarbon reservoirs along the eastern edge of the Central Basin platform of the Permian basin, Texas. A comparison of the lithologic descriptions and depositional models for these reservoirs shows that although substantial local variation exists, the overall generalized vertical sequence and, particularly, the occurrence of porous shoal grainstones are strikingly similar. Data presented in this pilot study comes from the Gulf Oil 223-R J. T. McElroy Cons. well in McElroy field, the Gulf Oil 35 E.N. Snodgrass well in Waddell field, and the Gulf Oil 1359-56 C.A. Goldsmith et al well in Goldsmith field. Grayburg/San Andres reservoirs in all three fields occur mainly in the middle part of a shallowing-upward carbonate-shelf sequence that is 250-300 ft thick. The sequence consists of: (1) basal open-shelf, bioturbated dolowackestones/packstones; (2) middle shallow shelf fusulinid dolowackestones overlain by nonskeletal shoal dolopackstones/grainstones; and (3) upper variable intertidal/supratidal deposits that grade into the Queen Formation. The depositional sequence formed in a regional facies tract of shallow-water shelf and shoal environments with related tidal-flat and evaporitic (sabkha) sediments. The facies developed during easterly progradation across a deeper water open shelf. Porosity was formed by near-surface dolomitizationmore » and minor dissolution. Early and late evaporite plugging reduced porosity, so reservoir zones average 9% intercrystalline and moldic porosity with 10-md permeability.« less


Background & aims The unexplained interpatient variation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major challenge. We aimed at addressing the under-explored association between the disease and the hepatic autonomic nervous system (ANS). Methods & Results We in-depth characterized the innervation of French biobanks HCC samples by conventional biochemistry methods. We also applied bioinformatics approaches to the TCGA dataset in order to stratify samples according to neural features and molecular correlates. We highlighted the predominant parasympathetic polarity of HCC nerves, and demonstrated that a cirrhotic rat model of aggressive HCC hosts liver neurogenesis with cholinergic features. Using the TCGA dataset, we then defined an HCC neural signature, derived from adrenergic and cholinergic receptor levels, that allowed patient stratification into two classes. Cholinergic tumors correlated with TP53 mutations (p ≤ 0.05), shorter progression-free interval (PFI) and overall survival (OS), displayed more pathogenic molecular traits (e.g., AFP-rich, proliferative tumors, mitotic functions including DNA repair, EMT, Ras, and Akt/mTOR pathways), aggressive HCC signatures and B cell accumulation. Instead, adrenergic tumors, predominant in patients aged >60 and with mutated CTNNB1, were correlated with better OS and PFI (p < 0.05), and numerous immune pathways. Conclusions Our results depict neural features of HCC and how the existing tumor classification may also be shaped by neural inputs. Altogether, we show that the parasympathetic branch of the ANS is implicated in the pathobiology of HCC, and advocate for the use of ANS-targeting drugs in HCC research, many of which are clinically safe and well characterized.


ABSTRACT The most fundamental problem in radar signal is the detection of a moving object or a physical phenomenon. This problem became more challenging to the signal processing and radar communities under severe interference. In order to effectively detect moving targets in strong noise conditions, we proposed a new method based on wavelet and Hough transform for multiple moving targets detection. First, the noise is removed from the received signal by the wavelet technique. We propose an improved wavelet threshold function. The new threshold function not only reduces constant error of soft thresholding but also improves the discontinuity of hard thresholding. Second, the image processing technique of the Hough transform is used. The benefits of this method include improved performance of detection and implementation flexibility, which indicates the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm.


The extracellular amino terminal domain (ATD) of the NR2 subunits differentially controls NMDA receptor activity. Ifenprodil binds to the ATD of NR1/NR2B receptors inhibiting the receptors. To delineate the effects of ifenprodil on NR1/NR2B receptor gating, we recorded steady state currents from cell attached and excised outside out patches at pH7.9. NR1/NR2B receptors were found to exhibit modal gating in both forms of recording which was unaffected by ifenprodil. Ifenprodil increased the occupancy of the receptor in long-lived shut conformations hence reducing the open probability of receptor with no change in the mean open time. We found a negative correlation between the open and shut intervals in NR1/NR2B recordings from cell attached patches containing one active channel similar to those previously reported for NR1/NR2A receptors. In order to further understand actions of ifenprodil we fitted the single channel data to previously proposed models for NMDA receptor gating. Log likelihood criteria suggested that a cyclic model containing two uncoupled open states (Schorge et al. 2005) fitted the data better compared to a linear model with sequential open states. Ifenprodil modified multiple gating steps when fitted to an 'uncoupled cyclic' model and promoted receptor desensitization. In contrast a single gating step was modified when single channel data was fitted to the 'linear' gating model. Our results suggest an allosteric cross talk between the NR1 and NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptors.


Michael Lempert's misleading critique of what I have called ordinary ethics provides a welcome invitation to clarify my perspective. I briefly address what I mean by immanence and point to my argument that the ethical is intrinsic to action and practice rather than discernable only as a discrete object or distinct product of linguistic interaction. Lempert's invocation of entanglement is fine but, with respect to my argument, beside the point.


In this study, a square cavity with two ventilation ports in the presence of
 an adi-abatic fin of different lengths placed on the walls of the cavity is
 numerically analyzed for the mixed convection case for a range of
 Richardson numbers (Ri=0.1,1, 10, 100) and at Reynolds number of 300. The
 effect of the fin height, placement of the fin on each of the four walls of the
 cavity and Richardson number on the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics
 is numerically analyzed. The results are presented in terms of streamlines,
 isotherm plots and averaged Nusselt number plots. It is observed that for
 the convection dominated case, fin length and its position on the one of the
 four walls of the cavity do not alter the thermal performance whereas when
 the buoyancy effects become important thermal performance increases for high
 fin length.


Purpose To evaluate alterations in central retinal sensitivity following intravitreal triamcinolone injection in patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema that persisted after laser treatment. Methods Fourteen eyes of 14 patients that received 4 mg 0.1 cc intravitreal triamcinolone underwent macular threshold test using computerized visual field analyzer before and after 1, 2, 3, and 5 months of triamcinolone injection. Pre- and postinjection values of total defect depth, total threshold, and best-corrected visual acuity were compared and correlated. Results At the last follow-up, compared to baseline, visual acuity improved from 1.4±0.4 (logMAR, mean ± standard deviation) to 1.0±0.4 (p=0.01). Total defect depth tended to recover from 148±64 dB to 121±48 dB (p=0.12), and total threshold tended to increase from 241±87 dB to 271±68 dB (p=0.16), but these values did not reach significance. There was a significant correlation between baseline and 5 months postinjection values of total defect depth (rho=0.60, p=0.02), and of total threshold of light sensitivity (rho=0.55, p=0.04). Conclusions Best-corrected visual acuity was found improved in patients with diabetic macular edema 5 months after triamcinolone injection. Improvement in central retinal sensitivity did not reach significant level at the last follow-up. Macular threshold test may be a valuable tool in the follow-up of patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema after intravitreal triamcinolone injection.


Studies of Pathogenic Variability, Mycelial Compatibility and Incompatibility Groups of Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Ciceri Isolates Laboratory studies of fifteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, obtained from different locations were categorized into various groups based on cultural characters and pathogenic variability. Results of this study shows that the isolates varied in colony colour (white, dirty white and milky white), type of growth (fluffy and compact), growth rate (fast and slow), Pathogenecity (weakly pathogenic, moderately pathogenic, highly pathogenic). Based on cultural characters and relative Pathogenecity of 15 isolates of Foc studied were finally characterized into 5 groups. Five isolates viz., 16, 60, 80, 105 and 88 were found highly pathogenic with medium growth i.e., 70-79 mm, while 3 isolates exhibited fast growth and highly pathogenic too. Seven isolates belonging to moderately pathogenic group which are either medium or slow growing (<70mm). Mycelial compatibility among the isolates was also observed and out of 105 combinations only 72 combinations (68.5%) showed compatible reaction and 22 (25.9%) whereas vegetative incompatibility groups were identified. Almost 31.42 per cent combinations i.e. 33 showed antagonistic reaction. Microscopic observations on mycelial interaction revealed protoplast lysis, vacuole formation, hyphal thickness and hyphal lysis..


 Abstract — In order to study the impact of various factors on the housing price, we propose to build different prediction models based on deep learning to determine the existing data of the real estate in order to more accurately predict the housing price or its changing trend in the future. Considering that the factors which affect the housing price vary widely, the proposed prediction models include two categories. The first one is based on multiple characteristic factors of the real estate. We built Convolution Neural Network (CNN) prediction model and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network prediction model based on deep learning, and logical regression model was implemented to make a comparison between these three models. Another prediction model is time series model. Based on deep learning, we proposed an LSTM-1 model purely regard to time series, then implementing and comparing the LSTM model and the Auto-Regressive and Moving Average (ARMA) model. In this paper, comprehensive study of the second-hand housing price in Beijing has been conducted from three aspects: crawling and analyzing, housing price predicting, and the result comparing. Ultimately the best model program was produced, which is of great significance to evaluation and prediction of the housing price in the real estate industry.


Microwave methods for the study and control of the dielectric properties of substances using regular and irregular rectangular metal waveguides have many applications and are of great practical interest. The dielectric properties of materials are assessed based on the determination of the reflection and transmission coefficients in a resonant system. This article considers resonant phenomena of electromagnetic oscillations in a prismatic cavity based on a length of a rectangular waveguide with two diaphragms and with a dielectric specimen in the form of a cylinder centrally positioned between them. The goal of this work is to evaluate the resonant properties of a prismatic cavity based on a length of a rectangular waveguide with two diaphragms as a function of the geometrical dimensions of the rectangular diaphragm windows, the distance between the diaphragms, and the dimensions and dielectric properties of the specimen located at the center of the waveguide length. By computer simulation, the resonant properties of the system were determined as a function of the dielectric constant and diameter of the specimen and the geometrical dimensions of the diaphragm windows. It was found that for each value of the specimen diameter there exists a maximum allowable value of the dielectric constant at which the resonant properties of the system are kept in a selected operating frequency range. The effect of the height of the diaphragm windows on the resonant frequency of a prismatic cavity and the reflection and transmission coefficients was studied, and the behavior of the intrinsic Q factor was assessed qualitatively. A minimum possible diaphragm window height was found such that both the required coupling between the rectangular cavity and the external microwave line is provided and the maximum value of the loaded Q factor in the absence of a dielectric specimen is kept. The results of this work may be used in the design of high-frequency sensors for controlling the dielectric properties of materials in various industries.


Feedback vertex set (FVS) problem is a classical NP-complete problem.There are important applications of the problem in many areas.Many studies have been done on the FVS problem,but there is no effective algorithm to enumerate the FVS in weighted undirected graphs.In this paper,a fixed-parameter enumeration algorithm based on the branch-and-search technique is given by analyzing the structure of the FVS problem in weighted undirected graphs.In the algorithm,the feedback vertex set problem is transformed to feedback edge set (FES) problem and the z minimum-weight FES of size k are enumerated by enumerating z maximum-weight forests,then the z minimum-weight FVS of size k can be found.The fixed-parameter enumeration algorithm for FVS runs in time O(5kn2(logn+k)+3kz(n2logn+z)).


The shear viscosity of a fully‐flexible model for n‐decane is calculated via equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations at the state point T=480 K and ρ=0.6136 g/cm3. A reversible multiple‐time step approach is used in conjunction with Nose–Hoover chain dynamics to generate data in the canonical (NVT) ensemble. For comparison the shear viscosity is also computed in the standard microcanonical NVE ensemble. A model that accurately reproduces the experimental vapor–liquid coexistence curve is shown to yield excellent results for the shear viscosity at the state point under study.


Many Central and Eastern European libraries have been forced by the Communist economic system to acquire needed foreign materials through non-commercial but efficient exchange procedures. To buy materials with hard currency, Czechoslovak libraries had to deal with two levels of government trade organizations. Thus, the exchange sections in socialist research libraries were the most developed areas. The Standing Conference of Specialists of National LiIbraries of the Socialist Countries in Acquisitions and International Exchange of Publicaitons was founded in 1976 to share experience in this area. Though many Western libraries participated in exchange agreements or provided gifts of materials, the level of acquistions does not meet reader needs. Exchanges also allowed the National Library in Prague to acquire exile literature, an important part of the national culture even if these publications could not be made accessible to the public. Now that our library can freely buy foreign publications, we do not have the funds to do so because libraries have not benefitted from the market economy. Until funding can be found, international exchanges will remain the main source for foreign acquisitions.


Over the last few years, there has been a definite trend in the satellite industry that shows distributed mission concepts being increasingly considered in satisfying a vast diversity of needs. Some of the distributed missions are designed to fulfill specific goals which would not be possible to accomplish with monolithic satellite missions. Others take advantage of the new distributed scenarios to further optimize previously existing systems. A particular case is the utilization of the distributed concept to enhance some capabilities of satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions.


The most common pharmaceutical delivery technique is oral dose forms, although there are significant drawbacks compared to other delivery systems, such as the potential for drug absorption, which can be reduced by giving the medication in a liquid form. Reduced dose use is one potential advantage of doing this. Because some medications are unstable in their liquid dose form, there is a problem that limits the use of liquid dosage forms. There is a different approach that uses the effervescent process to create dose forms. This technique has the benefit of speeding up medication dissolution and disintegration. The product made using this technique is an example of the quick release preparations. A few of the products of this technique include pulsating drug delivery systems, sustained and controlled release preparations, and effervescent tablets, which play a large role in managing drug release behaviour. This review demonstrated how to use an effervescent tablet in a new way.


Abstract Today, we witness the appearance of many lifelogging cameras that are able to capture the life of a person wearing the camera and which produce a large number of images everyday. Automatically characterizing the experience and extracting patterns of behavior of individuals from this huge collection of unlabeled and unstructured egocentric data present major challenges and require novel and efficient algorithmic solutions. The main goal of this work is to propose a new method to automatically assess day similarity from the lifelogging images of a person. We propose a technique to measure the similarity between images based on the Swain's distance and generalize it to detect the similarity between daily visual data. To this purpose, we apply the dynamic time warping (DTW) combined with the Swain's distance for final day similarity estimation. For validation, we apply our technique on the Egocentric Dataset of University of Barcelona (EDUB) of 4912 daily images acquired by four persons with preliminary encouraging results. Methods The search strategy was designed for high sensitivity over precision, to ensure that no relevant studies were lost. We performed a systematic review of the literature using academic databases (ACM, Scopus, etc.) focusing on themes of day similarity, automatically assess day similarity, assess day similarity on EDUB, and assess day similarity using visual lifelogs. The study included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies published between 2006 and 2017.


In the title compound, C6H6Cl2N2, intramolecular N–H⋯Cl and C—H⋯Cl contacts generate five-membered rings, producing S(5) ring motifs. Pairs of intermolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link neighbouring molecules into dimers with R 2 2(8) ring motifs. In the crystal structure, these dimers are connected by N—H⋯Cl interactions and are packed into columns.


Anthropogenic (man-made) noise is a global pollutant of international concern. Although the impacts of anthropogenic noise on humans have been studied for decades (Muzet 2007), it is only in the last 10–15 years that similar attention has focused on nonhuman animals (Shannon et al. 2016). Some of the earliest work considered how vocal signalers might overcome potential masking, with research investigating changes in song frequency by birds leading the way (Slabbekoorn and Peet 2003). Studies on shifting song frequencies continue to dominate the anthropogenic-noise literature, and so the meta-analysis conducted by Roca et al. (2016), drawing together and comparing these studies, is timely and welcome. Roca et al. (2016) demonstrate that bird species differ in whether and how they alter their song frequencies when faced with anthropogenic noise. Such interspecific variation has also been documented with respect to other behaviors (Francis et al. 2011; Voellmy et al. 2014), and is to be expected due to differences in, for instance, physiological stress responses and hearing thresholds (Hofer and East 1998; Manley 2012), as well as the variation in body size and vocal characteristics discussed by Roca et al. (2016). Because interspecific differences may alter relative success under conditions of anthropogenic disturbance, studies that start to establish which species are most at risk and if there are generalizable patterns in response are important, both for a full understanding of the impacts of anthropogenic noise and to best-inform potential mitigation measures. Given the preponderance of such studies, Roca et al. (2016) sensibly focus their meta-analysis on birdsong (and also consider anurans). However, they rightly point out 2 extensions that are needed in this research field. First, that more work considers acoustic communication in other taxa (see also Morley et al. 2014; Radford et al. 2014). It is likely that there will be effects on the vocalizations of mammals (Parks et al. 2011), as well as the wider range of acoustic signals produced by fish (Picciulin et al. 2012) and insects (Lampe et al. 2012). Second, that there should be investigations of acoustic signals that are not sexually selected (i.e., that function in mate attraction and territory defense). Early evidence suggests that anthropogenic noise could also affect, for example, signaling about danger (Lowry et al. 2012) and communication between parents (Halfwerk et al. 2012) and between parents and offspring (Leonard and Horn 2012). Invited Commentary Nemeth E, Brumm H. 2010. Birds and anthropogenic noise: are urban songs adaptive? Am Nat. 176:465–475. Potvin DA, Mulder RA, Parris KM. 2014. Silvereyes decrease acoustic frequency but increase efficacy of alarm calls in urban noise. Anim Behav. 98:27–33. Roca IT, Desrochers L, Giacomazzo M, Bartolo A, Bolduc P, Deschesnes R, Martin CA, Rainville V, Rheault G, Proulx R. Shifting song frequencies in response to anthropogenic noise: a meta-analysis on birds and anurans. Behav Ecol. 27:1269–1274. Slabbekoorn H. 2013. Songs of the city: noise-dependent spectral plasticity in the acoustic phenotype of urban birds. Anim Behav. 85:1089–1099. Slabbekoorn H, Ripmeester EA. 2008. Birdsong and anthropogenic noise: implications and applications for conservation. Mol Ecol. 17:72–83. Wong BBM, Candolin U. 2015. Behavioral responses to changing environments. Behav Ecol. 26:665–673. I suggest that for a complete picture of how anthropogenic noise impacts acoustic communication, 3 further elements are crucial. First, there is the need to consider not just the signaler but also the receiver. Singing at a higher pitch, for instance, is not necessarily a guarantee of success for bird species in urbanized environments (Moiron et al. 2015). Second, there should be greater consideration of the costs, as well as the potential benefits, of vocal adjustments (Read et al. 2014). Alterations in acoustic characteristics could result in many direct or indirect costs, including reduced transmission distances, increased risk of predation or parasitism, higher energy expenditure, and loss of vital information. Finally, and not unrelated to the above, fitness consequences ideally need to be assessed. Studies directly measuring how anthropogenic noise affects survival or reproductive success are rare, both with respect to acoustic communication (but see Halfwerk et al. 2011) and more generally (but see Simpson et al. 2016). However, they are ultimately required if we are to determine the consequences of this pervasive pollutant for population viability and community structure.


Given any triangulation of a topological n-cell, In, there is an integer k such that the kth barycentric subdivision of the triangulation is simplicially collapsible (3). In the following, we show that given any integer k, we can construct a triangulation of an n-cell, n > 2, whose kth barycentric subdivision is not simplicially collapsible.


Let f(6)=720, and let f(n+1)=f(n)! for every integer n \geq 6. For an integer n \geq 6, let \Lambda_n denote the following statement: if a system S \subseteq {x_i!=x_j: 1 \leq i < j \leq n} \cup {x_i \cdot x_j=x_{j+1}: 1 \leq i < j \leq n-1} has at most finitely many solutions in integers x_1,...,x_n greater than 3, then each such solution (x_1,...,x_n) satisfies x_1,...,x_n \leq f(n). We conjecture that the statements \Lambda_6,...,\Lambda_9 are true. We prove that the statement \Lambda_9 implies that there are infinitely many primes of the form n!+1.


Objective To establish a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay to detect and discriminate influenza A virus(FluA),influenza B virus(FluB),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) and novel H1N1(nH1N1) virus in a single test tube.Methods Using the Primer Express 3.0 software,the primers and probes of PCR for the above-mentioned viruses were designed,and the primer and probe set specifically targeted to the human nucleic acid RNase P(RP),which was used as the internal control,were designed.The analytical sensitivity was determined by serial dilutions of each virus,and the specificity of multiplex assay was determined by testing different virus.Results The analytical sensitivities of the multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for Flu A,Flu B,RSV and nH1N1 virus were ranged from 0.02 to 0.2 TCID50/mL,and the specificity was 100%.No cross-reaction was observed for the mixed viruses and common respiratory pathogens and commensal organisms.All of the specific target DNA showed strong positive signals.Flu B,RSV and nH1N1,which were certified by other methods,were successfully detectable by the established multiplex assay.Conclusion A sensitive and specific multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay was developed to detect the most common pathogens causing respiratory tract infection,e.g.,Flu A,Flu B,RSV and nH1N1 virus.The multiplex RT-PCR should be valuable for clinical diagnosis of respiratory virus infection.


Monitoring Massive Microbial Dispersal Quantifying the relative influence of present-day environmental conditions and geological history on the spatial distribution of species represents a major challenge in microbial ecology. Ecological approaches to distinguish between these two biogeographic controls are limited by environmental variability both in space and through time (see the Perspective by Patterson). Using a 1.5-million-year fossil record of marine diatoms, Cermeño and Falkowski (p. 1539) show that, even at the largest (global) spatial scale, the dispersal of marine diatoms is not very limited. Environmental factors are the primary control shaping the global biogeography of marine diatom morphospecies. Thermophilic microorganisms are routinely detected in permanently cold environments from deep sea sediments to polar soils. Hubert et al. (p. 1541) provide a quantitative analysis of a potentially large-scale dispersion of thermophilic bacteria in the ocean. Approximately 108 thermophilic spores are deposited each year on every square meter of Arctic sediment. Fossil records show that the dispersal of diatoms from ocean plankton has not been constrained by geographical barriers. The extent to which the spatial distribution of marine planktonic microbes is controlled by local environmental selection or dispersal is poorly understood. Our ability to separate the effects of these two biogeographic controls is limited by the enormous environmental variability both in space and through time. To circumvent this limitation, we analyzed fossil diatom assemblages over the past ~1.5 million years from the world oceans and show that these eukaryotic microbes are not limited by dispersal. The lack of dispersal limitation in marine diatoms suggests that the biodiversity at the microbial level fundamentally differs from that of macroscopic animals and plants for which geographic isolation is a common component of speciation.


Let T be a skew-symmetric Toeplitz matrix with entries in a ®nite ®eld. For all positive integers n let Tn be the upper n n corner of T, with nullity mn ˆ m…Tn†. The sequence fmn : n 2 Ng satis®es a unimodality property and is eventually periodic if the entries of T satisfy a periodicity condition. We compute the maximum value and the period of the nullity sequence for Toeplitz matrices of ®nite bandwidth. This sequence satis®es a certain symmetry condition about its maximal values. These results apply to give some information about the ranks of general skew-symmetric Toeplitz matrices with eventually periodic entries. Ó 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.


This study is designed in qualitative form which focuses on musical coordination skill that is sing and clapping rhythm simultaneously in meter. The researcher used one of music teaching method which is Dalcroze Approach as an intervention in this study. Dalcroze Approach is a method which relates musical concepts with movement. Research sample is among Year 4 students aged 10 years old from different sex and race. Data have been collected through observation and interview. A comprehension exam is conducted as a supplementary data collection. Findings show the students have achieved good result in music coordination skill after the implementation of the Dalcroze Approach. Observation revealed that all the students have increase their coordination skill in singing and clapping the rhythm simultaneously. Interview which is conducted on students found 60 percent of them are very confident to do the skill as well. The result of comprehension exam shows 73 percent of students score A which can be described as excellent. Researcher wish to have further study in developing the music coordination skill by improving the intervention of the study.


Tax advoidance is one of the main strategies for the multinational companies to transfer price.With the Increasing investment of multinational companies in our market the problem of transfering price become move and move sevious.How to deal with the problem of tax avoidance is urgent for us to think about.


The invention relates to an indoor positioning system, which comprises an acquisition module used for acquiring an indoor map of an assigned place, wherein an image input apparatus is used for reading a two-dimension code placed in the assigned place and acquiring the current positional information recorded in the two-dimension code; an input module used for determining a target place according to the information input by the user; a direction determination module used for running a direction guiding apparatus and prompting a specific direction guided by the direction guiding apparatus; and a navigation module used for indicating the navigation path on the indoor map according to the current positional information, the specific direction and the target place, and then prompting the navigation information for the user. The invention also provides an indoor positioning method. Indoor positioning and navigation can be carried out by the indoor positioning system and the method.


The need for underground industrial space is discussed, the characteristics which make a mine suitable for secondary industrial development and use are described, the various methods of development are reviewed, and comments are made on the comparative economics of development alternatives. The advantages of underground storage and manufacturing sites are listed. To be suitable for underground industrial usage after mining, the rooms must be of adequate size, it must have a competent roof, the pillars must be of sufficient size and strength to support all loads, the floor rock must be strong enough to prevent heaving or pillar settling, surface drainage and groundwater conditions must prevent water influx into the mine openings, and the openings must be easily accessible. The general design of the developed area may include round or square pillar support, rib pillars, or the modular concept which consists of large modules with rib pillars more widely separated and intermediate support provided by round or square pillars. The type of access provided for rail or truck haulage is dependent upon the volume of material to be moved per day in the secondary phase. Some cost advantages and income tax savings may be achieved in planning the mining system and the conversion of the space for industrial usage. An example is presented to describe the conversion into secondary use of a limestone mine producing 600,000 tones of stone per year.


22 23 Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are essential plant nutrients and vital for human and animal 24 nutrition. Biofortification of crops has previously been suggested to alleviate widespread 25 human Ca and Mg deficiencies. In this study, new candidate genes influencing the leaf 26 accumulation of Ca and Mg were identified in young Brassica napus plants using associative 27 transcriptomics of ionomics datasets. A total of 247 and 166 SNP markers were associated with 28 leaf Ca and Mg concentration, respectively, after false discovery rate correction and removal 29 of SNPs with low second allele frequency. Gene expression markers at similar positions were 30 also associated with leaf Ca and Mg concentration, including loci on chromosomes A10 and 31 C2, within which lie previously identified transporter genes ACA8 and MGT7. Further 32 candidate genes were selected from seven loci and the mineral composition of whole 33 Arabidopsis thaliana shoots were characterised from lines mutated in orthologous genes. Four 34 and two mutant lines had reduced shoot Ca and Mg concentration, respectively, compared to 35 wild type plants. Three of these mutations were found to have tissue specific effects; notably 36 reduced silique Ca in all three such mutant lines. This knowledge could be applied in targeted 37 breeding, with the possibility of increasing Ca and Mg in plant tissue for improving human and 38 livestock nutrition. 39