Looking back at the twenty five years that have passed after the transformation processes started in the countries of Eastern and Central Europe we may say that each of these countries had to cope with the same major challenge in the course of the reform of the system of state organs: the place of the prosecution regime. Consequently, each embarked on finding solutions which, by breaking away with the principle of the unity of power, would allow to arrive at the most effective model for situating the prosecution within the system of separation and balance of powers. As emphasised by the Venice Commission, there is no uniform model of the prosecution regime in the European system. Lawmakers may therefore choose from among different scenarios which all meet so-called European standards. Consequently, it may be claimed that none of the existing solutions, be it a model subordinating the prosecution to the parliament, or to the government, may be classified as contrary to democratic norms. No doubt, further, that in individual states efforts to find a proper place for the prosecution were determined by their legal traditions. Poland for that matter found itself in a relatively privileged position when compared with other states as it already had its own tradition. Thus, in an attempt to find the best possible option in the circumstances of 1989 with respect to the regime structure it was decided to rely on the solutions existing prior to the Constitution of 1952, and to rely on the solutions from before 1950 with respect to the prosecution. Following the amendments to the Constitution in 1989, the prosecution became subordinate to government. The logical consequence of this decision was a regulation that the function of the Attorney General (General Prosecutor) is performed by the Minister of Justice. Irrespective of the absence of precision in this expeditious formulation, the very idea of the concept of government-subordinated prosecution was  justified and could not be considered contradictory to the democratic solution and the rule of law. There was no time, however, to draft and adopt a new act on the prosecution. Consequently, it was decided to regulate the prosecution by amending the existing law of 1985. Unfortunately, this other option of regulating the prosecution has continued till the present, with the result that the prosecution today is governed by the provisions of an act adopted five years before the process of transformation even began. The act underwent multiplied amendments, both before the adoption of the Constitution of 1997 as well as thereafter. One of the important changes was the amendment of 1996, liquidating the prosecution department at the Ministry of Justice and creating the National Public Prosecutor's Office and the office of the Public Prosecutor who became at the same time deputy General Prosecutor (Attorney General) – the Minister of Justice. Another substantial amendment to the act of 1985 was adopted in 2009 when the functions of the Prosecutor General and the Ministry of Justice had been separated. The National Public Prosecutor's Office was liquidated and replaced with the General Prosecutor's Office taking the role of the central organisational unit of the prosecution. This amendment allowed to secure a number of executive power competences in relation to the prosecution. Despite that, it seems that a step has been made towards singling out the prosecution from the executive power in order to, as may be assumed, turn it into an independent body. Certain doubts, however, arise regarding the validity of the place of the prosecution as a body independent of the government in light of the provisions of the Constitution of 1997: since the office of the General Prosecutor is no longer to be tied to the function of the Minister of Justice (i.e. a member of government), it seems that such change must be anchored in the Constitution. It also needs to be emphasised that regardless of the place the prosecution occupies in the state bodies regime, which of course is also of importance, what is really necessary is a catalogue of principles and guarantees that will not only ensure impartiality of the prosecutor in decisions making, but will also determine his liability. These guarantees are equally essential in the case of the government-subordinated prosecutor (to free him from political pressure) as well as in the case of independent prosecution (to eliminate pressures within the prosecution itself). It is rather obvious that twenty five years after the beginning of transformations and almost thirty years since the adoption of the still binding and applicable Act on Prosecution in the Polish People's Republic, a new act on the prosecution must be drafted in line with the European standards, which will also account at the same time, for the positive experiences of the past decades.


The main objective of this dissertation is to provide a comprehensive framework for Customer Relationship Management (CRM) implementation for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in order to dramatically and sustainability improve SMEs' financial performance. For achieving this objective, the dissertation work also attempted to address the two current noticeable CRM-related research gaps. The first one is about the full mechanisms through which CRM can improve firm's financial performance. The second one concerns about the integration of change-mechanism into CRM for dealing with fast-paced changes in the current dynamic business environment. For developing the framework, theories and frameworks from organizational economics, strategic management and marketing literatures are reconciled to form the unifying framework of sources of performance differentials as the theoretical background. Then, another three rounds of investigations are conducted for defining the successful factors for the successful CRM implementation and testing their impacts to SMEs' performance. The first qualitative investigation using in-depth interviews with 41 managers in SMEs in Vietnamese tourism industry have provided profound information for defining the unique characteristics for each factor in the proposed framework. Especially, the Customer Agility concept from operational management field is integrated into the framework for the first time in order to provide a brand new and more comprehensive approach toward CRM implementation in SMEs. Then the framework is tested on data collected from a survey of 111 SMEs in tourism industry in Vietnam using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). As the last attempt, the findings from previous two rounds of investigations are reflected and justified in the case study research in two chosen tourism SMEs.


The synthesis of telechelic polyisobutylenes (PIB) by coupling with 2,5-bis-(2-furyl-2-propyl)furan is described. Hydroxyl telechelic PIB with controlled molecular weight was obtained by haloboration-initiation of isobutylene (IB) with a BCl3/BBr3 mixture, followed by coupling of the living ends and oxidation of the (CH3O)2B- end groups with H2O2 in alkaline tetrahydrofuran. Vinyl telechelic PIBs were prepared by coupling living PIB obtained using a novel vinyl functional initiator 5-chloro-3,3,5-trimethyl-1-hexene in conjunction with TiCl4 in hexanes/CH3Cl (60/40, v/v) at −80°C. Chlorosilyl telechelic PIBs were synthesized for the first time by employing chlorosilyl Functional initiators (1-chloro-1-methyl)ethyl-3-(1-dichloro-methylsilyl-methyl)ethylbenzene and 1-methyldichlorosilyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-chloro-hexane in conjunction with TiCl4 in hexanes/CH3Cl (60/40, v/v) at −80°C. After coupling, the dichlorosilyl groups were converted to dimethoxysilyl groups upon quenching with methanol. The bis-dimethoxysilyl telechelic PIBs were crosslinked by moisture at room temperature in the presence of catalytic amounts of tin(II) 2-ethyl-hexanoate. Extraction of the crosslinked samples with hexanes resulted in negligible soluble content, indicating essentially quantitative crosslinking. † Part 3: Ref. [10]


Personal Watercraft use has been steadily increasing over the last two decades.1 As of 2013, there were over one million registered personal watercraft (PWC) in the US, and these numbers have steadily been on a rise.3 Injuries related to personal watercraft use continue to increase and now account for roughly onefifth of the accidents on the US waterways each year. Although only accounting for 10 per cent of registered recreational vessels in the United States, PWC carry an unexpectedly high rate of injury (23.5%) and fatality (6.5%).3 The most common cause of serious injury and death in PWC-related accidents is blunt force trauma.4 Direct collision with other watercraft or objects is the most common mechanism behind PWC-related injuries, accounting for 60 per cent of all injuries.5 An additional 17 per cent of injuries result from being forcibly ejected or falling off the watercraft, and the remaining are due to axial loading, handlebar straddle injuries, and hydrostatic jet injury resulting from falling off the back of the craft into the high power water jet.5 Overall, PWC riders sustain injury 8.5 times more often than motorboat users.6 The most common types of injuries sustained in the new era of powerful PWC are traumatic brain injury and spinal injury.5 Most injuries are sustained by a young patient population with the average age of an operator involved in a fatal or nonfatal PWC related injury being 37 and 31 years, respectively.3 The newer generations of PWC are larger, more powerful, and faster, with most harboring up to 300 horsepower and the ability to reach speeds in excess of 50 to 70 miles per hour. With this comes higher kinetic energy and thus resulting in more severe and lethal injuries.6 Regulations on personal watercraft use vary by state, with some states still imposing no specific limitations or restrictions. Florida law dictates that operators of personal watercraft be at least 14 years of age, and those under the age of 21 must obtain a Florida Boating Safety Education certificate. The objective of this study was to examine our institution's experiencewith personal watercraft injuries over the last 16 years, reassess the patterns and severity of injury, analyze the mortality associated with these injuries, define how the mechanism of injury (MOI) affects the distribution and severity of injury, and further investigate injury patterns associated with hydrostatic jet injuries. After approval from the Institutional Review Board, the medical records of consecutive patients admitted to the Ryder Trauma Center in Miami, Florida, from January 1998 to December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Over the 16-year study period, 127 patients were identified to have sustained injuries related to PWC accidents. The population was predominantly male (63.8%) with a mean age of 27.7 years and an average injury severity score (ISS) of 14.7. Eighty-one per cent of the patients met the criteria for hospital admission. Thirty-nine per cent of the patients required ICU admission. The average length of an overall hospital stay was 9.8 days, and the average length of stay in the ICU was 7.9 days. The overall mortality rate was 8.6 per cent (11 patients). A total of 212 injuries were identified among the 124 patients that arrived alive. The most common injury location was the head, neck, and face region (30%) followed by extremities (22%) and the chest (20%). In terms of the MOI, direct collision was the most common (54.3%), followed by fall from watercraft (22.8%), handle bar injury (14.2%), axial loading (4.7%), and hydrostatic jet injury (3.9%). On further breaking down the anatomical distribution by eachMOI (Fig. 1), direct collision showed that diffuse distribution of injury and fall from PWC have similar pattern. Handle bar injury has the most extremity injury. Spine injury is the main injury of axial loading. Comparing direct collision with the rest of the MOI, Address correspondence and reprint requests to Seung H. Shin, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 North West 12th Avenue Holtz-East Tower 2169, Miami, FL 33136. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


We present a new approach for detection of the brain tumour boundaries in medical images using a Hopfield network. The boundary detection problem is formulated as an optimization process that seeks the boundary points to minimize an energy functional based on the active contour model. A modified Hopfield network is constructed to solve the optimization problem. Taking advantage of the collective computational ability and energy convergence capability of the Hopfield network, results from the proposed method are comparable to those of standard snakes based algorithms, but with less computation time. Experiments on several magnetic resonance brain images show the effectiveness of our approach.


We determined the perceived exertion and thermoregulatory indexes in 14 adult men during a submaximal exercise task in a hot environment both before (CT1) and after (CT2) an endurance training/heat acclimation (T/A) program. Following blood volume and peak VO2 measurements, subjects pedaled a cycle ergometer for 60 minutes at 50% of aerobic capacity (temperature [Ta], 30°C; relative humidity, 35%). Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), rectal (Tre) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures, and heart rates (HRs) were recorded. After CT1, subjects completed a four-week T/A program that resulted in significant (P


Small-scale thermochemical devices driven by hydrocarbon-fueled combustors have attracted increased attention for portable power generation applications due to their superior power density compared to state of the art Li-ion batteries. A combined experimental and numerical investigation is presented for the performance characteristics of a mesoscale, propane-fueled, catalytic combustor, to be used in an integrated, gas-turbine-based, mesoscale (ca. 100Wel) power generation system. Experiments in an optically accessible reactor led to a global reaction rate for the total oxidation of propane on platinum, valid over the pressure range 1 bar ≤ p ≤ 7 bar. Parametric numerical studies were subsequently carried out in a single catalytic channel, using a 2D elliptic code with the aforementioned validated kinetic scheme and all relevant heat transfer mechanisms. The predictions identified favorable materials and operating conditions for the burner under consideration. A subscale monolithic honeycomb reactor was finally constructed, based on the findings of the parametric study. The reactor met the set goals for power output as a function of mass throughput. However, heat losses to the environment were responsible for measuring reduced combustor efficiency at certain operating conditions. A continuum model for the entire monolithic structure complemented the experiments and provided the 2D temperature field. mper Computed exhaust gas te


Subscription information is available online at www.nawindpower.com. Today, there are approximately 150,000 miles of highvoltage transmission lines in the U.S. While this number is more than double what existed in 1960, load growth and generation have each increased by over 500% in the last 50 years. Renewable energy project installations have further strained the existing transmission grid. As federal and state policies have promoted renewable energy investment in the past three decades, investment in transmission has simply not kept pace – especially in the service provided to renewable energy projects. And the grid, electric reliability and consumers have suffered as a result. The transmission grid through which today's interstate electricity flows was not designed for a national wholesale electricity market, nor to support remote renewable generation. The nation's transmission infrastructure was built by vertically integrated utilities, primarily in order to serve the needs of their serviceterritory customers. Today, however, the grid is illdesigned to transmit electric power from renewable generation sources in the Great Plains, West Texas, the Southwest and elsewhere to the nation's load centers. In congested markets, such as Manhattan, Los Angeles and Chicago, low-priced generation simply cannot reach consumers, because the transmission infrastructure necessary to deliver the power has not been constructed. Inadequate transmission is costly. In 2008, the Department of Energy estimated that congestion cost the 200 million consumers on the Eastern Interconnection $8 billion, or nearly $40 per capita, over the course of the year. Congestion charges in New York state alone cost Empire State consumers well over $1 billion annually. And the economic costs of transmission disruptions are staggering. The blackout of summer 2003 alone, for example, is estimated to have exacted an economic cost of $4 billion to $6 billion. Inadequate transmission is a principal impediment to the development of renewable generation. The experience of wind projects in Tehachapi, Calif., and Wyoming is similar: an inability to interconnect without significant cost or delay. Or, in the case of wind projects in West Texas, curtailment and low spot market prices as the amount of installed generation has overcome the transmission infrastructure.


AbstractThe efficiency of interactive powder mixtures as a process used to increase the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs is dependent on the degree and extent of dispersion of drug agglomerates into individual particles. Furthermore, the dispersion mechanism is dependent on the surface characteristics of excipient particles.The smooth excipient particles produce interactive powder mixture with high dissolution efficiency for poorly soluble drugs. In contrast, when the excipient particulate surfaces have high rugosity, the corresponding interactive powder mixtures produce lower dissolution efficiency. The main reason is the entrapment of drug particles and agglomerates into the indentations already present on excipient particulate surfaces. When the entrapment sites are blocked with fine excipient particles the dissolution efficiency increases significantly. Therefore, surface characteristics of excipient particles should be examined carefully before formulation of solid dosage forms using interact...


Basic meteorological concepts are covered as well as plume rise, source effects, and diffusion models. Chapters are included on cooling tower plumes and urban diffusion. Suggestions are given for calculating diffusion in special situations, such as for instantaneous releases over complex terrain, over long distances, and during times when chemical reactions or dry or wet deposition are important. (PSB)


Terrain correction (TC) needs to be treated in a precise and rigorous way in every gravity reduction technique within the context of precise geoid determination, especially for mountainous areas. Since the small grid spacing in the modern digital terrain models (DTMs) can represent the local features of rugged terrain very precisely, such high-resolution DTMs should be used, if available, in the numerical computation of TC according to the Newtonian attraction integral formula. Two areas within Canada are selected to study the effects of using different DTM grid spacing on TC computations. The DTM resolution levels used for this test are 15′′, 30′′, 45′′, 1′ and 2′. Firstly, the computations are applied using constant crust density (2.67 3 g/cm ) and the algorithm for the mass-prism (MP) topographic model, which is evaluated by fast Fourier transform technique in planar approximation. Secondly, we use lateral crust density variations in the TC computation for the MP model through the incorporation of the available digital density models (DDMs) with 30′′, 1′ and 2′ grid resolution. The comparison of the results using different DTM and DDM grid resolutions is carried out. Finally, the terrain effect (direct, indirect and total) on the geoid is studied using constant crust density with different DTM resolution levels and the direct effect on geoid is studied using lateral density variation with DTM and DDM of different grid resolutions.


In view of the broadcasting emergency system of radio station,seven auxiliary part are designed to improve broadcast security,including emergency radio room,signal choice,transmission,supply,satellite,radio vehicle and monitor system.


For organizing file comprizing figure and word,We ofen need insert the complicated figure into the Word,which cann't be protracted in the Word,but it is very easy in AutoCAD. In this paper, the common methods of inserting figers of the"AutoCAD"into the Word"and the skills of disposing of figers in the"Word"are introduced,some familiar problem analyzed and resolvent bringed forward.


- Deterritorialisation of state and society is one of the most striking effects of information and communication technologies (ICTs). However, location aware technologies (LATs) have emerged as ICTs reinstating the importance of place and time. ICTs may thus cause deterritorialisation and territorialisation at the same time. This paper focuses on exploring this possible territorialisation paradox for the interactions government may have with citizens as subjects, clients or citoyens. Three aspects of place affected by deterritorialisation are distinguished: power over a place, place as an organising principle and unity of place. Literature about the use of LATs in public administration shows that the territorialising capabilities of these technologies hardly counter the deterritorialising effects of ICTs. It is suggested that LATs create new meanings of place in citizen-government interactions when looking at place as an organising principle and unity of place. These developments can be understood as a paradox rather than a contradiction. Institutional innovation is expected to take place as a result of these types of applications of LATs.


The orphrey is a part of textile collection from Archdiocese's Museum in Przemyśl (south-east of Poland). Orphrey is made in so-called relief embroidery technique and it is a typical example of late gothic embroidery.


The discussion on the relative merits of galvanic isolators and shunt diode safety barriers has been carried on for many years. The majority of other articles on this subject have aimed to prove the superiority of one technique over the other. This paper brings together the illustrations which have accumulated over a considerable time in response to various questions raised at presentations. It attempts to make balanced arguments so that the reader can decide the most suitable technique for a particular application.


Abstract A new Co(II)-containing coordination complex with the chemical formula of [CoL2(SCN)2](H2O)2 (1) has been assembled from the Co(NO3)2·6H2O with a tripyridyltriazole ligand 3-(2-pyridyl)-4-(4-pyridyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole by introduction of the NH4SCN as the additive reagent. Complex 1 has been studied via the single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) along with the thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Furthermore, its local anesthesia activity was evaluated. Firstly, the hot plate analgesic experiment was performed, and the local anesthesia activity was assessed. In addition to this, the levels of the acetylcholine in local were also measured with ELISA detection kit. Graphical Abstract A new Co(II)-containing coordination complex has been assembled from the Co(NO3)2·6H2O with a tripyridyltriazole ligand 3-(2-pyridyl)-4-(4-pyridyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole by introduction of the NH4SCN as the additive reagent. The local anesthesia activity of 1 was evaluated via hot plate analgesic experiment. The ELISA study was performed to measure the content of acetylcholine in local.


ABSTRACT The current study explores the experiences of Polish interpreters who interpret for mental health clinicians and how Polish interpreters view the triadic relationship among themselves, the service user and the mental health clinician they work with when interpreting in a mental health setting. Six participants (four female and two male) were recruited with each taking part in a semi-structured interview. Length of time working as an interpreter in the UK National Health Service (NHS) ranged from six months to 10 years. Interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, J. A. (2004). Reflecting on the Development of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and its Contribution to Qualitative Research in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 1, 39–54. doi:10.1191/1478088704qp004oa.). Three themes emerged from the analysis of the participants' interview transcripts. These were: (1) 'Just a linguist?' – highlighting the confusion and complexity of the interpreting role; (2) 'Unspoken alliances' – describing the interpreters' experiences of the triadic relationship; (3) 'Communicating emotional reactions' – noting the emotional impact of mental health work on interpreters. The findings of the current research emphasise that it is important for clinicians, mental health and interpreting services to take into account the emotional impact and disempowerment caused by structural systemic factors which limit the voice of the interpreter.


This article discusses the epistemological underpinnings of the use of the randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) in psychotherapy research. It is argued that underlying the therapy-choice dispute overtly targeted by the RCT is an epistemologically controversial (and covert) theory-choice dispute. Furthermore, the RCT is not a theory-neutral evaluative method but rather a research method shaped by assumptions that originate in behaviorist theories of therapy. Because there is no neutral language or basic vocabulary shared by the competing theories that would enable the comparison of their observation reports and because behaviorist and nonbehaviorist therapies are grounded in incommensurable theories, an RCT cannot be used to compare them. Therefore, RCT cannot be held up as the definitive method for investigating psychotherapy. The current perspective of sociology of science is provided to explain the social factors embedded in the use of the RCT to generate lists of empirically supported treatments


This thesis describes the process of developing the aerodynamics package ofa Formula Student race car with computational uid dynamics. It investigatesthe eects of aerodynamics on the vehicle's behaviour and performance withregard to the Formula Student competition format. The methods used duringthe development are evaluated and put into context by investigating thecorrelation between a wind-tunnel experiment of a wing in ground proximity,and its simulated counterpart. The aerodynamics package consists of an undertray,a front wing and a rear wing and the report details the stages involvedin optimising these components to achieve the desired results.


In this paper, a multi-hop airborne system is built based on Bluetooth 5 connected autonomous drones to relay real-time data of Internet of Things (IoT). A new lightweight Onboard Bluetooth Transceiver (OBT) is developed for reliable drone-to-drone and drone-to-ground communications. A graphical user interface is presented to monitor real-time flight trajectory of the drones and end-to-end data delivery. Outdoor experiments are conducted in real world to test autonomous flight control of the drones and received signal strength of the OBT communications.


Indium tin oxide (ITO) films were deposited on a glass slide at a thickness of 280 nm by radio frequency(rf) magnetron sputtering from a ceramic target composed of In₂O₃ (90%) + SnO₂ (10%). We investigated the effects of the annealing temperature (T_a) between 200 and 350 ℃ for 30 min in air on such properties as thermal stability, surface morphology, and crystal structure of the films. X-ray diffraction spectra revealed that all the films were oriented preferably with [222] direction and [440] direction and the peak intensity increased with increasing annealing temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the sodium was out-diffused from the glass substrate at the annealing temperature of 350℃. The sodium composition of the ITO film annealed at 350℃ for 30 min was 2.5% at the surface. Also the sodium peak almost disappeared after 3 keV Ar^+ sputtering for 6 min. The visible transmittance of all ITO films was over 77%.


In recent years, a group of researchers in Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Learning (ICALL) has emphasized the importance of developing ICALL systems that can be incorporated into real-life language programs (Heift, 2003; Amaral and Meurers, 2006; Amaral, 2007) or used for specific pedagogical goals (Nagata, 2002; Dodigovic, 2005). Continuing this line of research and following the arguments in favor of the role of pedagogical concerns and SLA research in the development of ICALL technology (Amaral and Meurers, 2007a), this paper explores what is involved in adapting ICALL systems to different instructional settings, such as regular classes or individualized instruction at different universities as well as distance learning programs. Going beyond the single pedagogical context envisaged in the above-mentioned research, we investigate the impact that these different pedagogical contexts can have on the development, integration, and reuse of ICALL resources.


The present invention relates to a setting BGR circuit (1) operating point of a circuit, wherein the voltage comparator (P5, P6, I3) of the BGR circuit is the comparator (1) of the operational amplifier (OP1) and the output voltage across the auxiliary circuit branch (R5, D3) pressure drop, and the auxiliary circuit branch (R5, D3) is the branch of the BGR circuit similar to the circuit (1) of (R3, D1) device, and a current source (P8) can be fed to an operational amplifier produces function of the comparison result of the set current (OP1) input (Iein).


Last year, a revolutionary new idea was presented at the CAA conference introducing VorteX, a collaboration tool that allows fairer grading of group based assessments through its monitoring of group work, and the presentation of statistical information.
Since that time, further research has been carried out at Aberystwyth to improve the effectiveness of group-based assessments, and to ultimately improve students results and learning. Although VorteX has helped students collaborate and work as a team, it has become apparent that there are still several issues when working in a group. As soon as students are monitored, it appears that many of the standard issues of team-working are overcome, in particular the problem of students not putting in their fair share of the effort. What is difficult to overcome is the clash of personalities and biased preconceptions.


Fruit development of Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Salustiana Experiments were performed with fruits of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Salustiana with the objective to study the development of the different anatomical parts and their kinetic growth. Ten reproductive structures of different cultivated trees from an orchard located in Museros (Valencia, Spain) were collected periodically, from anthesis to 118 days after anthesis (daa) and used to determine transverse sections area of their anatomical parts: pericarp and locules. For anatomical observations with light microscopy, ten countings of each sampling were obtained with the freezing microtome or after inclusion in paraffin. The growth curve of the fruit of cv. Salustiana fitted a single sigmoide curve. Initial growth was related to both division and cellular expansion in the pericarp. Fruit transversal surface showed important increments from 48 daa and the linear fruit development stage was initiated from 76 daa, together with locules/vesicles expansion. The fruit showed an anatomical structure similar to the indicated for C. sinensis and other species of Citrus with clear differentiation between flavedo and albedo only at the end of the study. Secretory cavity fitted schizolysigenous ontogeny and vesicle differentiation derived from epidermal and subepidermal tissue of the endocarpo, from anthesis until 48 dda.


ABSTRACT This paper looks at the role of gender and other socioeconomic factors in the adoption of the contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) vaccine in response to three research questions: What gender and socioeconomic factors affect the adoption of the CBPP vaccine? How do they affect the adoption? What can be done to enhance the adoption of CBPP? Answers to these questions were obtained through a review of literature on CBPP and technology adoption studies. The review revealed that technology adoption, including vaccine technology adoption, is gendered, with women tending to adopt less than men, especially in terms of consumer associated drivers. CBPP vaccine adoption can be enhanced through one or a combination of up to four strategies, which include: price reduction and provision of subsidies by government and philanthropic projects especially in times of enhanced and unpredicted demand; convincing, evidence-based, demonstration of benefits of vaccination over its alternatives using methods such as return on investment for every dollar used; gender sensitive advocacy strategies and messages; and carrying out human and livestock vaccination campaigns, simultaneously, in pastoral communities living in marginal areas.


An unstable field theory is what we obtain when we linearise the equations of an interacting field theory near an unstable state. Theories of this kind are adopted to model the onset of spontaneous symmetry breakings, when the fields are sitting on the top of the Mexican hat, and they start to "roll down" to the bottom. At present, there exists no rigorous proof that unstable quantum field theories are Lorentz-invariant (in the sense of Wigner's theorem). Here, we show that they shouldn't be. In fact, unstable theories always have a limited regime of applicability, and they are valid only for a very short time. As consequence, there is a preferred simultaneity hyperplane, along which the unstable theory is everywhere applicable, while a generic observer (whose four-velocity is not orthogonal to such hyperplane) must use the full non-linear theory. In summary: the current quantization schemes are "ok", independently from whether they lead to a Lorentz-invariant theory.


The inhibition effect of aspartic acid and Schiff base on the corrosion of N80 steel in sulfuric acid solution( 0. 1 mol·L- 1) was investigated using celectrochemical impedence( EIS) and polarization techniques. The study show ed that w ith the increasing of the concentration of the inhibitor,inhibitor efficiency w as also increased. The inhibition efficiency of aspartic acid reached 70. 78 % and the inhibition efficiency of aspartic acid Schiff basereached 79. 71 %,w hich show ed that the anti-corrosion performance of the Schiff base w as superior to aspartic acid. Using the dynamics equations of the tw o inhibitors adsorption process fitting and geting good linear relationship indicated that adsorption of these tw o inhibitors at the surface of N80 low carbon steel and Langmuir adsorption isotherm w ere consistent.


The electronic and magnetic structure of the Cl5 compounds ZrZn2 and TiBe2 has been determined by means of self‐consistent spin‐polarized LMTO band calculations. The spin‐densities and neutron magnetic form factors are compared with neutron scattering data for ZrZn1.9 and TiBe1.8Cu0.2. The moments are found to reside almost entirely on the Zr/Ti atoms, and are found to be 0.14 and 0.21 μB per formula unit respectively.


The regularized long-wave (RLW) equation was proposed as an alternative model to the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation to describe small-amplitude long waves in shallow water. However, unlike the KdV equation—which is exactly solvable by the inverse scattering method—the RLW equation is deemed not to be completely integrable. In this paper, an inverse scattering scheme is described for solving the RLW equation which is based on the "dressing method" of Zakharov and Shabat. Significantly, the compatibility of the "dressed" operators leads to two governing equations which, taken together, reduce to the RLW equation. One of these equations links the RLW equation to the (completely integrable) shallow water wave (ASWW) equation due to Ablowitz et al.; the second is a linear wave constraint that signals the nonintegrability of the RLW equation and prohibits the existence of multisoliton solutions. Contrary to results already reported in the literature, the proposed scheme associates the RLW equation with a third-order scattering problem. Moreover, as a special case of the RLW scheme, we obtain an inverse scattering procedure for the integrable ASWW equation; its formulation via the dressing method would appear to be given here for the first time. Explicit solutions are constructed for both equations using the respective inverse scattering schemes.


Fig. 2. Gross observation and histology of retrieved samples from the in vivo experiment. (a) The implanted specimens (n =5/time point/ group) were retrieved at 1 week after implantation. The gross images of specimen were presented vessel invasion in vivo. (b) The sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and alpha smooth muscle actin to observed vessel invasion. Scale bar: 1mm for 20× and 200mm for 400× image.


In this paper, we propose a global approach for estimating the motion of a camera which films a static scene. The method is direct, fast and robust and deals with adjacent frames of a sequence. It is based on a quadratic approximation of the observed deformation between two adjacent images, in the case of a scene with constant depth in the camera coordinate system. This condition is very restrictive but we show that, provided translation and depth inverse variations are small enough, the error on the optical flow involved by the constant depths approximation is small. In this context, we propose a new model of camera motion, that allows to separate the image deformation in a similarity and a "purely" projective application, due to change of optical axis direction. This model leads to a quadratic approximation of image deformation that we estimate with an M-estimator; we can then immediatly deduce camera motion parameters.


The invalid marriage plays an important role in the marriage system.It is the "marriage" that doesn't cause rights and obligations between the married people,for it doesn't have the important conditions of legal marriage.This thesis analyzes the articles about invalid marriage in China.After studying the law of marriage of other countries,and combining the practical condition of our country,the author puts forward some legislative suggestions.


Fourier descriptors (FD's) are widely used shape descriptors. By first warping the scanning speed of the contour before calculating the FD's, the shape approximation can be improved. This approach has never been properly tested on real applications. In this paper we compare these new shape descriptors to the regular FD's. A database of over 400 leaf shapes is approximated using these shape descriptors and compared to the approximation based on FD's. The error of the approximation was measured with the Hausdorff distance and modified Hausdorff distance, resulting for both criteria in an average improvement of more than 10% over approximation based on FD's.


Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) the one is horticultural plants of the Solanaceae family that has high economic value. Cayenne pepper is used as a spice in cooking and medicine. The average national production of cayenne pepper in 2009 was 5.89 t ha-1, whereas in South Kalimantan in 2009 it was 4.4 t ha-1. This was due to uncertain season, also the handling of how to cultivate cayenne cultivation was less than the maximum For example, irrigation is still a matter of relying on rain and the use of seeds that are not selected, as well as the application of fertilizers that are not optimal. Water hyacinth is an alternative source of organic material that is widely available in waters that are not utilized, but can be used as pupu bokashi. This study aims to determine the different effects of the administration of several types of bokashi fertilizer to the growth of the chili variety in the vegetative phase. This study uses a completely randomized one factor in the form of water hyacinth dose consisting of 5 levels, P0 = Control (5 kg soil + 1 kg chicken manure fertilizer) / poly bag P1 = 10% g bokashi water hyacinth P2 = 20% g bokashi fertilizer water hyacinth P3 = 40% g bokashi fertilizer water hyacinth P4 = 80% g bokashi fertilizer water hyacinth. The observation variables in this study were plant height, stem diameter and number of flowers. The results of this study show that the application of water hyacinth bokashi has a significant effect on the diameter of the stem at the age of 35 HST where the best treatment is in the treatment P4 = 80% g of bokash ieceng goiter with 0.60 cm in diameter.


Micro scale soil surface roughness is a crucial parameter in many environmental applications. Recent soil erosion studies have shown the impact of micro topography on soil erosion rates as well as overland flow generation due to soil crusting effects. Besides the above mentioned, it is widely recognized that the backscattered signal in SAR remote sensing is strongly influenced by soil surface roughness and by regular higher order tillage patterns. However, there is an ambiguity in the appropriate measurement technique and scale for roughness studies and SAR backscatter model parametrization. While different roughness indices depend on their measurement length, no satisfying roughness parametrization and measurement technique has been found yet, introducing large uncertainty in the interpretation of the radar backscatter.


The chaos, intensity, and dynamism of the city increase the stress on people living in the city, and thus people start to look for places where they can breathe. The closeness perception formed by the interior spaces, causes the people to turn to the outdoor spaces. The open spaces, courtyards, urban courtyards jammed between densely built urban leave a positive impact on the people in this regard. In particular, the urban courtyards, which provide a common space for various functions of the city dwellers who are restricted to one or more structures, structural element or urban element, and are compatible with the urban context, are the outdoor spaces which may include public or semi-public features that open to streets, boulevards and squares within the city. This study, which has been performed within the framework of contributions of urban courtyards into the city and their positive effects on the city dweller, aimed to perform spatial analysis of urban courtyards with different scales, different functions and different characteristics in the city of Afyon. Within the scope of the study, the spatial analyses of courtyards of the structures with functions of semi-public, public inn, madrasa and shopping center located in the city of Afyon have been performed. The spatial analyses of the courtyards have been tabulated under subtitles such as the form, the nature, the shape and the limitations of the selected courtyard within the scope of formal features; the position of the courtyard in the city, its position relative to the structures, its relationship with surrounding and settlement aspects within scope of environmental relations; courtyard outfits, material, color, texture,plan diagram within the framework of the physical features. The psychological effects of the courtyards have been measured as a result of interviews conducted with users of these courtyard selected within the scope of the study performed in Afyon. The courtyards included to the study have been selected as Stone Madrasa courtyard, Stone Inn courtyard, Mevlevi Mosque courtyard, Mihrioglu courtyard and Afium shopping center courtyard among different types of structures. The fact that the scales of the courtyards selected, their user groups and qualifications are different from each other has changed the dimension of the spatial analysis, and in this context, the spatial level of performance has been measured in line with the differentiating physical, structural and environmental characteristics of the courtyards.


At the present time, there are no adequate means of estimating pancreatic function. Many tests have been devised and modified, but sooner or later have been discarded. The chief objection seems to be that clinical diagnoses cannot be confirmed by such tests with any reasonable degree of accuracy. That several of the present means of estimation are based on sound principles is evident, but entirely too much has been expected of the tests. With the present means, diseases of the pancreas of a mild degree, or relatively nondestructive, cannot be determined. The probability that the pancreatic tissue is normally present in an amount far in excess of the actual enzyme requirement seems to have been overlooked or disregarded in much of the work that has been done. Criticism that has been offered in connection with the problem has not taken this factor into consideration. It seems likely that the pancreas,


The recent spirit of apparent generosity by the Ford Foundation may have come as a sort of "face lifting" to many institutions, but it perhaps more especially indicates a trend which is taking place at some of the higher levels toward education in general. Since this is no polemic nor academic conundrum, we shall simply report as we have observed certain of these changing and unchanged attitudes toward education during at least the past quarter of a century. We have been looking up at education and down at the teacher; we have looked to the schools for citizenship training while we withheld even a sympathetic endorsement of the procedures; we have asked the schools for leadership, able and prepared, while we manifested too little concern as to the means of its accomplishment; we have given the socio-economic squeeze to professionalism without providing the opportunity for a restorative blood transfusion. More especially we have been willing to sacrifice leadership training among the top brackets of our student enrollments for mass education, while caution remonstrates that we are in danger of losing our world leadership unless we train more persons with the "know how" demanded by our times. We must yet find more effective means and procedures both at the level of democratic mass education and at the level of specific leadership training. Education must remain qualitative as well as quantitative, aesthetic as well as idealistic. It should never be true that mass hysteria get a hearing before trained leadership. Everyone has been constantly aware that the classroom teacher is the key to educational outcome. Even Hitler recognized that he who controls the thinking of the classroom determines the destiny of the nation. Yet teachers have been thwarted from their high purposes many times by maudlin minds who have no administrative purpose other than personal aggrandizement. These become the stooges of educational pres-


Like the liver, the brain is commonly affected by long-term alcohol misuse. While neurocognitive dysfunctions are widely known in their most extreme presentations, such as Korsakoff's syndrome and Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), there are other less explicit manifestations of neurocognitive damage which occur more frequently. This chapter explores these conditions under the umbrella term 'alcohol-related brain damage' (ARBD), more specifically employing the term Wernicke–Korsakoff's syndrome (WK) when referring to the acute and chronic effects of thiamine deficiency. The correlation between excessive alcohol consumption and thiamine intake is explored, along with the body's response of boosting gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)–benzodiazepine and NMDA receptors. In acute and non-acute cases of ARBD, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential due to the risk of long-term cognitive and intellectual damage it can yield. As such, psychosocial treatment in the aftermath of the clinical phase is equally important, focusing on assessment, therapeutic intervention, adjustment, and social integration.


Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of MDR1 gene tagSNPs and intractable epilepsy in Han Chinese population.Methods Totally 164 Han epilepsy and 198 controls living in or near Anhui Hefei were recruited in this study.Tag SNPs rs3789243 and rs2235046 were genotyped through PCR-CTPP and the same polymorphism was genotyped by DNA sequence analysis,assaying in all subjects.Results There was significant difference in genotypic CC of rs3789243 between epilepsy group and the controls,intractable epilepsy group and the controls(P0.01),with OR of 4.315 and 7.123(all P0.01);There was also significant difference of genotypic AA of rs2235046 between epilepsy group and the controls(P0.01),with OR of 2.837(P0.01).Conclusion Our study informed that the higher risk for epilepsy might be associated with the genotype rs3789243 CC and rs2235046 AA of MDR1 gene.And the higher risk of intractable epilepsy might be related with genotype rs3789243 CC.


A magnetic resonance imaging sequence is defined by an imaging protocol and parameter values for a set of parameters of the imaging protocol. A contrast signal score is computed for the magnetic resonance imaging sequence respective to a contrast type to be scored using a scoring equation. A contrast type is determined for the magnetic resonance imaging sequence based on the computed contrast signal score. In one approach, the computing is repeated for a plurality of different contrast types to be scored, and the determining is based on the computed contrast signal scores.


The conventional linear digital control fails to provide precise positioning of a control object under the influence of static friction, Coulomb friction and backlash. This paper presents an adaptive pulse width control (PWC) scheme. This scheme is developed based on the relationship between the displacement of a control object due to a single pulse input and the pulse width. The coefficient appearing in this relationship is estimated by a parameter adaptation algorithm. Sufficient conditions for asymtotic stability of this adaptive scheme is developed using Popov hyperstability theorem. This adaptive PWC is tested on a laboratory positioning table and is shown to be effective.


Keywords: Esthetique ; Musique et histoire culturelle ; Section IN ; Best Reference SHS-STUDENT-2008-093 Record created on 2008-07-07, modified on 2017-05-12


This study aims to describe students' response to project learning with online guidance through Google Classroom on biology projects. This is a descriptive study which involved 35 high school students in the West Bandung regency.The study was conducted from March to April 20018 for 7 weeks. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews to the students directly.The result of this research is Google Classroom can be used as a medium of online guidance on project learning. Students find it easy to upload their project progress reports and students feel that Google Classroom can be used in the future. Students also find it quite effective if Google Classroom is used to guide students' projects. However, students find it difficult to understand the feedback given by teachers through Google Classroom. The presence of teachers physically was still needed to guide students especially when discussing feedback.


In this study,a salt responsive gene GhCPK5was firstly obtained from upland cotton using RT-PCR and RACE.GhCPK5located probably in cell nucleus and the genomic sequence indicated that GhCPK5had 7 exons and 6 introns.GhCPK5contained an open reading frame(ORF) of 1 707 bp,which encoded a protein with 568 amino acids,with a molecular weight of 63 ku.GhCPK5 contained one protein kinase domain and four conserved EF-hand domains.The amino acid sequence of GhCPK5 shared 89% identify with Populus trichocarpa homolog PtCPK5.RT-PCR analysis revealed that GhCPK5expressed in root,stem and leaf,and its expression level was significantly up-regulated by salt stress.


ABSTRACT This article explores the conventional conceptualisation of security from a feminist perspective. Using insights gained from difference feminism and other feminist perspectives, a critique of conventional security thinking is proposed and a broader, more inclusive approach is suggested which takes into account security threats and needs other than those concerned with military‐political issues.


A novel spring balancing device for the gravity balance of a rotary system is presented. Although most existing spring balancing designs use zero-free-length springs or their equivalent devices to counterbalance the gravity effect of the system, a spring-to-gravity balanced system with zero-free-length spring usually suffers from the problems such as the availability of springs, small and uncertain balancing errors, complicated construction of the system, and motion interference between links. Hence, this work proposes a new spring balancing device with a simple and reliable structure, for which it composes of a Scotch yoke mechanism, a compression spring and a gear pair. Using this device, the gravitational effect of a rotary system can be fully balanced at all configurations, where balance condition of the system is derived based on the theory of conservation of potential energy. Practical installation of such a device is illustrated and a numerical example is given for the justification of the approach.


The Irish famine of the 1840s ranks among the greatest natural disasters in modern history, and it is generally seen as a major dividing line in the history of modern Ireland. Yet Ireland experienced not one but two acute famines in little more than a century. The famine of the 1740s, though largely forgotten, probably killed an even higher proportion of the population. The fact that Ireland experienced two major famines within a century was mainly due to poverty, but the inadequacy of relief systems, or unresponsiveness – especially when compared with elsewhere in western Europe – is also noteworthy. Famine or its Absence, 1740–1840 Ireland escaped lightly during the major European food crises of the 1690s and the early eighteenth century. However, 'twenty-one months of bizarre weather', beginning in December 1739, which affected a large area of northern Europe, resulted in a major crisis. The Great Frost of 1740 was the longest period of extreme cold in modern European history. In Ireland 1741 was known as blian an air – the year of the slaughter. Frozen waterways disrupted trade and business: water wheels could not function, so milling came to a halt. Potatoes, which had traditionally been left in the ground until needed, were destroyed, so households had to rely on oatmeal; many consumed the seed grain and seed potatoes reserved for the coming season. Dublin food prices rose sharply during the summer of 1740, but as the new season crops were small and late, prices peaked again in December 1740, prompting food riots. Cattle and sheep perished from lack of fodder; many horses died because of an epizootic disease. In some areas livestock numbers did not recover for many years, and many under-tenants were ruined by the crisis, if they didn't die. The famine ended with a bumper harvest in 1741. The primary cause was the damage caused to crops by acute weather, but the lack of food imports, because of extreme weather in Europe, was a contributory factor. Burials in Dublin city in January–February 1740 were three times the normal figure. In St Catherine's parish burials from January 1740 to the end of September 1741 were double those of previous years.


The Aquaculture Department of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC/AQD) started its Stock Enhancement Program more than a decade ago with the first stock enhancement initiative on the mud crab Scylla spp. funded by the European Commission. This was followed by another stock enhancement program in 2005 supported by the Government of Japan Trust Fund. In preparation for its implementation, a Regional Technical Consultation on Stock Enhancement of Species Under International Concern was convened in Iloilo City, Philippines in July 2005 to identify species for stock enhancement. During the meeting, seahorses Hippocampus spp., giant clam Tridacna gigas, abalone Haliotis asinina, and sea cucumbers Holothuria spp. were among the priority species for stock enhancement work. Stock enhancement, restocking and ranching are management approaches involving the release of wild or hatchery-bred organisms to enhance, conserve or restore fisheries. This paper reports SEAFDEC/AQD release activities and some of the release strategies that have been established for mud crabs, giant clams and abalone. Mud crab, Scylla spp. – Studies on the mud crab, conducted from April 2002 to November 2005, evaluated the effectiveness of releasing wild and hatchery-reared (HR) crabs in the mangroves of Ibajay, Aklan, Philippines where preliminary studies demonstrated declining fishery yields, abundance and size of crabs (Lebata et al., 2007). Comparison of survival and growth of wild-released and HR Scylla olivacea and HR Scylla serrata demonstrated the effect of nursery conditioning, size-at-release and species differences. Overall yield and catch per unit effort (CPUE) increased by 46% after stock enhancement trials. Recapture rates of released crabs were highest in wild-released S. olivacea and in crabs measuring 65.0–69.9mm carapace width (CW) and lowest in non-conditioned HR S. serrata. Growth rates were highest for conditioned HR S. olivacea and lowest for conditioned HR S. serrata (11.7 and 3.7 mm month-1, respectively). Fishing mortality was highest for S. olivacea, whereas natural mortality was greater for S. serrata. Conditioning hatcherybred animals before release is also important in obtaining higher survival. S. olivacea was the more appropriate of the two species for release in mangrove habitats inundated with low-salinity water. However, there is a need for site-specific studies to evaluate the effectiveness of releases (Lebata et al., 2009). It is important to consider the following factors when releasing mud crabs: 1) hatchery-


Mass-balance calculations indicate that the molten layer originally covering the moon may have been several hundred kilometers deep. The solidification of this magma ocean involved some unusual effects resulting from the large-pressure differential in the thick magma layer. The sunken cumulates from this differentiation would be more iron-rich, less refractory, and would contain more incompatible elements than would be expected in simple isobaric fractional crystallization and crystal sinking models of magma differentiation. These lower cumulates can have the mineralogical and chemical properties of the source regions of the low-Ti mare basalts.


Mixtures of zinc metatitanate and rutile (ZnTiO3+xTiO2, where x= 0-0.5) have been prepared via the conventional mixed-oxide method. Centrifugal planetary milling with zirconia beads 1 mm in diameter produced very fine powders (mean particle size of 0.2 µm), which allowed the synthesis of ZnTiO3 and sintering at temperatures 94% of the theoretical density have been attained for the specimens that were sintered at 875°C for 4 h with B2O3 additions of <1 wt%. Microwave dielectric properties of the aforementioned compositions were as follows: dielectric constant of 29-31, normalized quality factor of 56000-69000 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of resonance frequency between -10 and +10 ppm/°C. Sintering was enhanced by the formation of a ZnO-B2O3 liquid phase, which affected the microwave properties, because of variation in the phase composition.


In 1948 Graham et al 4 reported on chronic obstructive pneumo nitis of the right middle lobe, which since then has been given the name of the middle lobe syndrome. There have been many articles on this subject since then and there seems to be no doubt in the opinion of the majority, that this is a definite clinical entity. Rubin and Rubin 8 saw no need to designate this condition a syndrome because of an anatomical peculiarity. Harper 5 et al were unable to find that it was a correlated clinical and pathological entity. In this they were supported by Fretheim. 3 Kross and Rosenblatt" believed that this is the same clinical entity described by Eliasberg and Neuland as epituberculosis and by Prosoroff in 1929 .


Objective To explore the method for establishment of small pulmonary transplanted tumor in rabbit models.Methods Thirty New Zealand rabbits were divided into experiment group(n=20)and control group(n=10),in which tumor tissue blocks parceled by gelatin sponge or not were implanted into the lungs using CT-guided trochar implantation technique,respectively.CT scanning of the lung was performed to observe the tumor growth every three days since 1week after operation.The maximum diameter of tumor was measured in CT image.Small transplanted tumor was defined as the one which had a diameter of 5—10mm and was solitary without metastasis.Pleural effusion still existed 1week after operation was considered as pleural metastasis.Results The unifocal tumor formation rate and pleural metastasis rate of experiment group and control group was 95.00%(19/20),5.00%(1/20)and 50.00%(5/10),50.00%(5/10),respectively(both P0.05).The maximum diameter of tumors in experiment and control group measured from CT was(7.84±0.67) mm and(7.94±0.42)mm,measured from gross tumor was(8.00±0.68)and(8.02±0.47)mm,respectively(both P 0.05).Conclusion Implantation of VX2tumor tissue block parceled by gelatin sponge is an ideal method for establishment of small pulmonary cancer model in rabbits,which has high success rate,accurate location and simple operation.


The aim of this paper is to show that the recently developed high performance algorithm for solving linear recurrence systems with constant coefficients together with the new BLAS-based algorithm for narrow-banded triangular Toeplitz matrix-vector multiplication allow to evaluate linear recursive filters efficiently, even on clusters of workstations. The results of experiments performed on a cluster of twelve Linux workstations are also presented. The performance of the algorithm is comparable with the performance of two processors of Cray SV-1 for such kind of recursive problems.


The recording,collecting and management of environmental monitoring materials are an important step for environmental monitoring research.Systematic collecting and analysis and packing and building database and integrated design of information materials are the main procedures.The information management system will make the research job more useful and efficient.


The paper considers certain morphosyntactically marked focus constructions in five Ghanaian languages which display special structural features in the out-of-focus part of the sentence compared to the canonical clause. Such a phenomenon is widespread in West African languages, and these non-canonical structures are often labeled "relative" because they seem to be typical for relative clauses. However, while the parallels with relative clauses are never complete in the languages studied, there is a constant structural isomorphism with clauses encoding sequential events in narration. Consequently, it is suggested that these focus constructions should be analyzed as extra-clausal structures in which the non-focal information is presented as a narrative clause.


Lymphangiography has become an important diagnostic and therapeutic modality since its introduction by Kinmonth, Taylor and Harper in 1955. Locating a suitable lymph vessel and cannulating that vessel remain difficult, however, even for those with keen eyes and sure hands (DeRoo, 1966; Howland, 1972; Kuisk and Panning, 1967; Miller, 1967; Norman, 1971; Tong, 1969; Turner, 1966; Viamonte and Stevens, 1966). Insertion of the needle into the vessel is simplified by the lymphduct cannulator described here. The localization of the lymph vessel is a modification of the technique of Kinmonth et al. (1955). 0·5 ml. of a solution of Evans Blue dye mixed in a 1:1 ratio with 1 per cent lidocaine hydrochloride (Xylocaine) is injected intradermally and subcutaneously into each of the three web spaces between the 1st and 4th toes. After ten minutes the dyecarrying lymphatics are easily identified. A flat area on the dorsum of the foot is chosen for the skin incision to allow stable placement of the lymph-duct cannulato...


In 1998 Donovan and Howse proved that for all n there exist critical sets of order n and size s, where l rt J ~ s ~ n2;n with the exception of the case s = rt + 1 when n is even. In this paper we will present a construction for this case, where n :2: 6, based on the discovery of a critical set of size 17 for a Latin square of order 8. This verifies that there does exist a critical set of order n and size rt + 1 when n is even.


Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which include human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), can self-renew while maintaining the pluripotency. They have been a prime candidate cell source for the development of cell replacement therapies and regenerative medicine. hESCs and hiPSCs are similar in morphology, cell-surface marker and teratoma formation capacity. However, questions remain on whether the epigenetic reprogramming is complete. For this reason, in this study, we compared the transcriptom and epigenetic properties between hESCs and hiPSCs.


Most countries in the world adopt trade and domestic market policies that affect production incentives. Recent results produced by FAO's Monitoring and Analyzing Food and Agricultural Policies (MAFAP) programme show that other factors than explicit policies contributed to the pattern of production disincentives across commodities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Severe market failures in the form of high marketing margins lowered farmer prices. Governments in SSA are increasingly recognizing that smallholder farmers' participation in markets and agribusiness development also depend on investments and not only on short term policies. Yet, the specific issue of excessive market access costs for farmers and other agents in key value chains has been insufficiently analyzed. In this paper, we perform several real-world policy simulations to further explore the issue of production resulting from high marketing costs. We propose to answer the questions like of how much would the marketing margins in a given value chain be reduced as result of a 10% increase in the budget for roads. As budgetary allocations are usually a zero sum game in SSA, we account for the trade-offs in public expenditure allocation decisions. Exploiting the MAFAP dataset, we extend the standard GTAP 9 Data Base to include not only domestic support and border protection but also detailed data on market access costs in a few commodity-specific value chains and the agricultural sector as a whole for a dozen of SSA countries. Taking into account transaction costs as well as missing markets, we examine the welfare effects for both net food buyers and net sellers of an improved connection of farmers to domestic and international markets compared to a scenario where major policy distortions have been discontinued. Furthermore, we investigate the impact and fiscal implication of an increase in agricultural spending to 10 percent of the national budget with an exclusive focus on physical infrastructure.


This document discusses a cellular based central control
mechanism(CCC) for middle/small scale mobile Ad hoc networks. The
proposed mechanism can be used for the mobile operators to build a
central-controlled and manageable mobile Ad hoc network.


Prohibits the importation of goods into the United States from a country that does not adhere to specified standards respecting the employment of minorities and older or disabled individuals. Requires the United States Trade Representative to determine each importing country's adherence to such standards.


Control synthesis is now considered as one of the optimization problems, which can be successfully and completely solved by efficient metaheuristic optimization techniques called "metaheuristics". This article proposes a novel spiritual search (SS) metaheuristic algorithm-based approach for control engineering optimization. The proposed SS is conceptualized by the spiritual concentration according to the Buddhist principles. In the SS algorithm, single solution-based (trajectory-based) and population-based approaches are combined to balance the advantages of exploration and exploitation properties. To perform its effectiveness, the SS is tested against eight standard test functions and compared with the tabu search (TS) as one of the most powerful solution-based metaheuristics and the cuckoo search (CS) as one of the most efficient population-based metaheuristics. As results, the SS can provide better solutions with higher solution-found rates and shorter search-time consumed than TS and CS, respectively. Various control engineering problems, including model identification of DC motor, PID controller design and PIDA controller design, are optimized in order to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the SS algorithm. Obtained results indicate that the proposed SS algorithm is a powerful optimization technique that can provide very satisfactory solutions within very short search-time consumed.


The Public Relations machineries of the government or the public sector establishments of all countries, irrespective of whether they are democracies or not, play a very important role in disseminating information about the various activities and welfare schemes of the government they represent. In case of democracies, their role is extremely crucial since their success or failure in spreading the good word about the activities of the government often decide whether the party in power emerges victorious in the elections or not. In case of the Government of India, the public relations and advertising activities are handled by primarily two agencies – the Press Information Bureau (PIB) – for media relations and the Directorate of Audio Visual Publicity (DAVP) for advertisements. The other crucial arms of the government such as the police, defence forces, railways, public sector undertakings etc have their own public relations departments. Generally, the information regarding the activities of the government are spread through press statements, conferences and print as well as audio-visual advertisements. However, the use of new media, that is, digital platforms available through internet have also become potent alternatives for the government to spread information. Effective use of this new option has tremendous potential since, using new media is cost effective and the dissemination of information is instant with the added advantage of instant feedback. The public relations machineries of the private sector have been very prompt in adopting these technologies and now a days, new media forms a very important part of their public relations strategies. However, the same cannot be said about the government sector. Barring a few exceptions, new media usage is still at its nascent stages in the government sector in the country. The Prime Minister of the nation, Mr. Narendra Modi is very active on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube and also runs a website called www.mygov.in where he invites citizens to submit their suggestions and grievances. The Ministries of Railways, Petroleum etc also have substantial presence on social media. Among the important central government organisations, the Delhi Traffic Police has presence on both Facebook and Twitter. They also have a mobile application and a dedicated WhasApp number for registration of complaints. The University of Delhi, a prestigious centre for higher education also, has a Facebook page to address the queries of the people. However, most of the government establishments lag behind in using new media. While, the usage of new media tools by the central government bodies is gradually improving, the scenario among the provincial governments of the states is rather bleak. The states execute their public relations activities through the directorates of information and broadcasting. Most of these arms do not have any social media presence and their websites are also poorly designed lacking any relevant information. Important arms of the government such as provision of certain services, complaint redressal can be done very effectively online, but the efforts in the Indian scenario are still not adequate. One of the primary reasons behind the inadequate usage of new media by the government arms is the apparent lack of penetration of the internet. However, as regards the penetration of the internet as well as the use of social media, India is today among the fastest growing markets in the world. Through programmes such as 'Digital India', the government of India is also trying its best to take internet to the villages and improve the overall infrastructure. Therefore, the public relations machineries working under the government must incorporate new media into their functioning as this will ensure much faster dissemination of information among the people of the nation. The use of new media has tremendous potential in forming positive public opinion regarding the activities of the government. The social media can help the government send messages instantly and the feedback also would be immediate and genuine, which would help them frame their future schemes and policies better. With the use of social media and an effective interactive website, the organisations would also be able to offset negative criticism of the government by the traditional media by directly connecting with the people through Facebook posts, tweets, clarifications on the website and so on. They would emerge as the gatekeepers of the information themselves and would not depend on the traditional media to carry their news. I. Objectives of the study 1. To analyse the current scenario of new media usage by the public relations establishments of the government run departments and undertakings in India. Use of new media in the government run PR machinery: an Indian perspective DOI: 10.9790/0837-20832432 www.iosrjournals.org 25 | Page 2. To study the potential that the new media tools have to improve the quality of communication strategies employed by the public relations establishments of the government run departments and undertakings in India. II. Methodology For the study, the researcher has conducted a content analysis of the news reports that appeared on the two leading English dailies published from Delhi – The Times of India and Hindustan Times, about the launch of the "Digital India Week" on 1 July, 2015. Detailed social media analysis of the social media pages of the Prime Minister"s office (Facebook, Twitter) as well as those of other ministries – the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Petroleum have been done. The websites – www.mygov.in, www.pib.nic.in have also been analysed in details. III. Review of Literature Even though the use of new media tools in the sphere of media in general and public relations in particular, are a recent phenomenon, there have been many studies analysing the role and scope of new media in the world of media as a whole. However, before we proceed towards studying the literature that has been generated to analyse the role of new media in the world of media as well as in public relations, let us take a look at some definitions of the term new media and its usage in relation to the other recently coined term "social media". "New Media is a 21st Century catchall term used to define all that is related to the internet and the interplay between technology, images and sound. In fact, the definition of new media changes daily, and will continue to do so. New media evolves and morphs continuously. What it will be tomorrow is virtually unpredictable for most of us, but we do know that it will continue to evolve in fast and furious ways." (Socha and Eber-Schmid, 2012) In this review of literature, we shall look at the impact of both new and social media as tools of public relations practices. Canadian Research Firm, FAD Research, in a study titled, "Changing Media, Changing Roles: New Media Comes of Age" had mentioned about the role of the new media tools in changing the overall media landscape of the world way back in the year 2006. "Media consumption is gravitating towards increased use of interactive platforms that are not tied to a single location or confined to the display of a single type of media. Media programming is being promoted and distributed across a wider array of platforms. Consumers are headed towards reaching a state of ultramedia, a condition whereby all media is accessible at any time from any location. Media production is no longer a business that occurs in discrete silos as producers need to consider the array of channels open to them to reach an audience. Conducting regulation of the media environment has become increasingly complex (and irrelevant). Traditional media packagers and distributors continue to be disintermediated as producers find new ways to go directly to market." (FAD Research, 2006) Christine Larabie, in a study titled, "A Reflection on the Role of New Media – From Peer-to-Peer to Protest" also recognises that new media is enabling more participation by the audience. "Participation is also a widely used term, especially in the context of new media technologies that enable peer-to-peer file sharing, and encourage users to actively create and distribute content. This participation is believed to have widened social spheres and revitalized political communication, addressing many problems associated with traditional media. Similar to the path of preceding technologies, new media has permeated many different social, political, and economic realms, transforming the way we carry out daily life. However, the emergence of new media has given rise to a set of assumptions surrounding technological advancement that overlook historical dimensions and ways of thinking about new technology. More specifically, the "newness" of new media carries with it a renewed sense of optimism about technology and its ability to drive social change, revive political landscapes, and foster economic prosperity." (Larabie, 2011) Among the research works that focus on the role of internet in public relations, one interesting study undertaken in the United States in 2007 recognized the huge scope of internet in devising public relations strategies. "The Internet gives public relations practitioners a unique opportunity to collect information, monitor public opinion on issues, and engage in direct dialogue with their publics about a variety of issues". (McAllister & Taylor, 2007) Much earlier in 1999, American researcher Lisa Hoggatt of the San Jose State University, in a thesis had also mentioned about the immense potential of new media technology, then perceived only as the internet as a tool of public relations. "New media technology is rapidly evolving the media industry and the practices of mass communications. New media technology is the application of digital (computer) technology to mass communications. In a few short years, two main factors associated with the techn


The chapter examines how the transformations in the Bulgarian cities and countryside affected the Muslims and their institutions. From the first years of its establishment Bulgaria embarked upon an ambitious program of urban development whose goal was to do away with the vestiges of Ottoman imperial presence and bring the appearance of Bulgarian cities in line with European models. But these efforts were not targeting defunct institutions or obsolete practices; in reality, they affected Muslims and their institutions. In the countryside one of the most notable developments was the transfer of considerable amount of land from Muslim into Bulgarian hands. The chapter concludes with a discussion of public health measures, particularly those related to Muslim pilgrimage. These policies produced a sense of crisis among the local Muslims and in turn, they acted as a catalyst for the emergence of reform initiatives.


A LEADING theory of the mechanism of memory storage suggests that this process might be mediated by the growth of new connections between neurons (HEBB, 1949). The notion that growth may be involved in the remoulding of the nervous system required for memory is consistent with the multiple observations that growth of both the nerve cell body and its processes is one of the long term responses which this tissue can make to repeated stimulation (WEISS, 1955). Since the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids increases prominently when cells grow, there recently has been extensive consideration of the possibility that these processes may be critical for the neuronal alterations which constitute the physical basis of memory (HYDBN, 1960). The following experiments were therefore performed in an effort to test one aspect of this hypothesis by determining whether learning and memory can occur in animals in whom brain RNA synthesis is markedly inhibited. The consequences of RNA synthesis in many systems are currently under intensive investigation. Actinomycin-D has been particularly valuable for these studies since it is believed to inhibit completely DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in a number of bacterial and mammalian systems (REICH, FRANKLIN, SHATKIN and TATUM, 1962). The consequence of this inhibition is that new RNA, which might be required to direct the synthesis of some proteins, is not synthesized. In the present study, actinomycin-D was employed to inhibit RNA synthesis in brain and the anticipated functional consequences include both a decrease in formation of new RNA and, in addition, a decrease in formation of that protein whose synthesis would be directed by this RNA. It was found that although extensive inhibition of brain RNA synthesis could be produced, learning and memory were not apparently impaired in the experimental situations which were studied.


Peter Carruthers' notes on wavelet analysis in physics introduction of wavelets wavelet applications in theoretical physics applications in particle physics applications in astrophysics applications in statistical mechanics. (Part contents).


My title comes from remarks made to the then-President and Chief Operating Officer of NBC, Andrew Lack, on the links of corporate America in 2002. Perhaps they were passed affably, perhaps coquettishly. NBC had just invested in Telemundo, a Yanqui Spanish-language TV network. Lack reflected on the reaction from other anglo parlantes like this: "'It's a little unsettling when you've spent close to $3 billion and people come up to you and say, 'So, you're serious about this Spanish thing?'" (quoted in Romano, 2002). As with the bourgeois US media, so with most of its scholarship. Must we keep reading, ramifying, and ratifying the dominance of the English language in academia by requiring everyone to write in this language in order to "count" (Miller, 2013)? That hegemony means that people from major and minor scholarly institutions alike will not understand many significant theorists and analysts—unless their work is translated. It's really a wonderful, as much as a "Spanish," thing that the editors of Critical Studies in Media Communication have initiated a translation project as part of their work. The introduction of regular space and the allocation of skilled resources to this end can only be welcome, especially in a field such as critical communications that presumes a radical perspective on global affairs. Given the journal's provenance as part of an avowedly nation-based association, theirs is an even more notable decision. This slender, but I hope substantial, dossier features work done in Latin America in Spanish on the media and communications. It comes from two notable sources: the late Octavio Getino and Mexico's media-reform movement. Octavio Getino was a remarkable man. Associated with radical change throughout his eventful, inspiring life, Getino embodied paradox rather than the arrow-like, unswerving teleology of conventional academia. Many readers familiar with one part of his oeuvre may be surprised to discover how many Getinos there were.


Background: Depression is one of the most common mental problems which is not limited to a certain location or time, afflicting various social and age groups. This study aimed to examine factors affecting depression among women in rural areas. Methods : This study was conducted on an Iranian population residing in rural areas of Iranshahr. The research population comprised all women in rural areas of Iranshahr. Using systematic random sampling, about 6% of the 666 covered villages were selected. Using Goldberg's standard questionnaire, the data on blood glucose, physical activity, height, weight, and blood pressure were collected using interviews and measurement and analyzed via correlation test and chi-squared test. Results : In this study, a correlation existed between depression factors and blood pressure, physical activity, blood glucose, economic and family problems of female householders (Pvalue<0.05). Conclusions : One of the best solutions for preventing depression in women in rural areas is strengthening their economic status. By predicting depression, the emergence of many physical diseases and disorders such as hypertension and high blood glucose can be prevented beyond expectations. Keywords : Rural women; Risk factors; Depression; Iranshahr


At 100 microM 5'-S-isobutyladenosine (SIBA) inhibits polyoma virus production in infected mouse embryo fibroblasts and in mouse kidney cells, as measured by plaque formation and by haemagglutination assays. SIBA has no significant effect on the synthesis of T and V antigens as well as on viral DNA synthesized in infected cells. Analysis of virus production on CsCl gradients on CsCl gradients showed that in the presence of SIBA reduced amount of heavy viral particles is produced and that part of these particles are pseudovirions containing low density DNA instead of supercoiled viral DNA.


The aim of this review was to evaluate data regarding potential thermodynamic mechanisms for increased rates of weight loss in subjectsconsumingdietshighinproteinand/orlowincarbohydrate.Studiesthatcomparedweightlossandenergyexpenditureinadultsconsumingdietshighinproteinand/orlowincarbohydratewiththoseinadultsconsumingdietslowinfatwerereviewed.Inaddition,studiesthatmeasuredthemetabolizableenergyofproteins,fats,andcarbohydrateswerereviewed.Dietshighinproteinand/orlowincar-bohydrate produced an (cid:1) 2.5-kg greater weight loss after 12 wk of


This paper proposes a classification system for definition, analysis and management of the primary ambiguities influencing the performance of engineered systems. One category of ambiguities (Intrinsic) is addressed with 'hardware and structure' approach that is intended to develop and maintain 'robust' damage and defect‐tolerant systems. The other category of ambiguities (Extrinsic) is addressed with 'human and organizational' approach intended to develop and maintain high reliability organizations having high reliability management with high reliability systems. Proactive (performed before activities are conducted), Reactive (performed after activities are conducted) and Interactive (performed while activities are conducted) risk management approaches and strategies are described to help develop and maintain systems having desirable performance characteristics, including acceptable 'safety'. Results from a study of seven organizations that worked for more than 10 years to implement these approaches and strategies to assess and manage ambiguities are summarized.


Following the completion of the 4th supplementary series of the "Beilstein" handbook, this centennial index has been produced. In total, it contains all compound names (over 10 vols of which this, A-Am, is the first) and all formula names (over 13 vols) described in the basic series, and in the supplementary series I-IV, covering 180 years of organic chemistry. Earlier names, constructed according to now-superceded principles of nomenclature, have been replaced with names created using appropriate IUPAC-sanctioned rules, as used in the 4th supplementary series. This index, containing over 1.2 million compounds, provides complete access to the critically evaluated information contained in the "Beilstein" handbook.


This study aims to examine and analyze whether the auditor's experience, pressure of obedience, task complexity, and location of self-control, both partially and simultaneously influence the audit considerations in the Public Accounting Firm in Surabaya. In this study there are five variables, consisting of four independent variables namely auditor experience, obedience pressure, task complexity, and the location of self-control and one dependent variable that is audit considerations. Sampling in this study uses simple random sampling method which is done by taking it directly from the population randomly. Based on the F test that has been done it can be seen that the auditor's experience, obedience obedience, task complexity and the location of self-control influence simultaneously on audit considerations. This result is evidenced by the significance value for the F test of 0.000 0.05.


Continuity of care is dependent on effective patterns of communication. Currently useful patterns of communications are nonexistent between the nursing staffs of tertiary medical centers and community hospitals. Nurses in community hospitals have difficulty obtaining discharge data regarding a child's admission to the tertiary center. In order to promote continuity of care between health agencies, Continued Help in Lending Direction (C.H.I.L.D.) has been proposed to assure a statewide telecommunication system between nurses at tertiary centers and community hospitals. Through the use of the hot-line, nurses in outlying hospitals will immediately be able to obtain information from the pediatric tertiary center if a child is later seen in the emergency room or admitted to the community hospital.This article proposes a communication network that would allow nurses working in hospitals throughout a state or region to have direct contact with a pediatric medical center through the simple process of dialing the...


TURP is still considered the standard surgical therapy for patients with severe LUTS caused by benign prostatic obstruction refractory to medical therapy, or in those with an absolute indication for surgery [1]. Recently holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) has been established as a minimally invasive procedure giving a comparable clinical outcome to that after conventional TURP and open prostatectomy [2–5]. A major advantage of HoLEP is the excellent haemostasis when the holmium laser beam (at 2140 nm) is defocused [2]. This excellent haemostasis provides the theoretical possibility of early catheter removal. Thus we tested this possibility in a consecutive series of patients undergoing HoLEP.


Experimental results are presented on the fatigue strength of an orthotropic steel plate deck with trapezoidal closed longitudinal ribs intended for use in railway bridges. A preceding analytical study provided the information to define the structural details of particular concern and the appropriate testing conditions. The intersection of plate deck and transverse floor beam was identified as the most specific detail to be investigated in full scale test pieces. An improved form of the cut outs in the web of the floor beam was developed and the corresponding weld class was specified along with a structural model on which the calculation may be based. The weld class applicable to splices of the closed ribs by means of butt welds on backing plates was found to depend on the arrangement of the tack welds. In evaluating the test results it was necessary to critically account for the differing fatigue behaviour of simple small specimens and of full scale welded test pieces in terms of the mean stress effect and the range of scatter as depending on residual stresses. This article was originally published in German in Der Stahlbau, 1983-09, No. 9, 269-74. (TRRL).


The invention provides an intelligent partner robot for children. The intelligent partner robot comprises a base, wherein rolling wheels are arranged at the lower part of the base; a robot body is fixed on the base; a rotatable head is connected with the upper part of the robot body; two rotatable arms are arranged on the left and right sides of the robot body; a cover body is arranged at the upper part of the head, and connected with a telescopic rod arranged in the head; a plurality of LED light sources are arranged on the lower surface of the cover body; a light sensor is arranged on the robot body; the robot body, the head and the arms are coated with a soft material which has a carbon crystal heating sheet; a temperature sensor is arranged inside the robot body and has sensing elements; the sensing elements are uniformly distributed on the surface of the robot body; the temperature sensor is connected with the carbon crystal heating sheet; when the ambient temperature is lower than a preset low-temperature value, the heating function of the carbon crystal heating sheet is enabled; and when the ambient temperature is higher than a preset high-temperature value, the heating function of the carbon crystal heating sheet is disabled.


Fluorescence Microscopy Methods are widely used in the Life Sciences to visualize and spectroscopically analyze biologically processes. Single molecule methods, such as FCS (Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy) and SMT (Single Molecule Tracking), allow the investigation of single macromolecular complexes with high temporal resolution. Due to the non invasive nature of light microscopy those investigation can be done in living cells, something which is e.g. not possible with electron microscopy. Unfortunately light microscopy is limited in its spatial resolution by diffraction (> 200nm). Recently several approaches (e.g. STED, PALM, STORM) have been developed to overcome the resolution limit by taking advantage of the photophysical properties of the fluorescent dyes in use. The combination of single molecule methods and STED microscopy permits the investigation of biological questions simultaneously with a high temporal and spatial resolution. In the first part of this work I have characterized the physical properties of such a combination of a STED microscope and the FCS method and in the second part I could successfully show how this combination allows new insights into the dynamics of lipids within the cell membrane.


This study aims to determine how much influence Coordination, Communication, and Public Service Effectiveness Against Hajj at the Ministry of Religious Pangkalpinang. This study used quantitative analysis. Total population of this study were 167 pilgrims with a total sample of 62 respondents using slovin formula with 10% error level. Selection of samples using techniques Probability Sampling Simple Random Sampling types. Data were collected using a questionnaire with Likert scale and documentation. Test requirements analysis using normality test, and test multikolinieritas. The analytical method used is a simple regression analysis. And hypothesis testing; t-test (partial) and F-test (simultaneous). The results showed that: (1) There is a significant influence on the effectiveness of the Coordination variable Hajj at the Ministry of Religious Pangkalpinang. This is evidenced by the t count of 3.241, while the value t table 2.00030 thereby t hitung (3241)> t table (2.00030). (2) There is a significant influence on the effectiveness of the Coordination variable Hajj at the Ministry of Religious Pangkalpinang. This is evidenced by the t count of 3,194, while the value t table 2.00030 thereby t hitung (3.194) t table (2.00030). (4) There is a significant influence of variables Coordination, Communication, and Public Service Effectiveness Against Hajj at the Ministry of Religious Pangkalpinang. This is evidenced by the value F hitung 5.968, while the value F table thus F hitung 2.76 (5.968)>F table (2.76).


This paper deals with the link between the Augustinian thinkingand ancient philosophy to show two times in its relationship: first, the integrationof Platonic-Neoplatonic speculation as an essential philosophicalstructure while thinking and, second, its particular reconfiguration from theintellectual Christian matrix. It will be also stand out how this new worldviewis always present in Augustine, even when it can be observed that the risingdegree of faith inhesion in the life of Bishop of Hippo lets us recognize arenewed development of Christian philosophy.