In sociology-or more correctly sociology of religion - there exists a theory which views religion as an economic commodity. That is to say, religion is a commodity which is produced and marketed in a religious market. This theory is known as the supply-side approach. The idea of applying an economic concept to religion has been promoted by many sociologists particularly the likes of Bain-bridge, Finke, Iannaccone, and Stark. This paper examines the application of the supply-side approach, with particular focus on its application in the Indonesian context (with reference to Islam). We will further consider the possibility of the eventuation of a triple market in Indonesia, drawing on a case study of the Eden-Salamullah group. DOI:  10.15408/sdi.v15i1.538


This thesis is a contribution to the theory of measurable actions of discrete groups on standard probability spaces. The focus is on nonamenable acting groups. It is organized into two parts. The first part deals with a notion called weak equivalence, which describes a sense in which such actions can approximate each other. The second part deals with the concept of entropy for measure preserving actions of sofic groups.


The segmentation of ribs is one of the key problems for computer-aided diagnosis. This paper presented a novel scheme for rib segmentation in chest radiographs. The Gaussian filter was used repeatedly to remove uneven background of chest. Detail images could be obtained by use of the multi-scale wavelet decomposition, and then Gaussian derivative was employed to extract features from the detail images. The rib model for support vector machine (SVM) was established, which was employed to classify ribs. In our study, a method of sample selection with property reduction was used to reduce calculation time. The experimental result shows that proposed scheme can segment ribs in chest radiographs effectively. Keywords-rib segmentation; support vector machine (SVM); wavelet transformation; Gaussian derivative; feature extraction


Recently, brewers have been able to produce beer with less than half of 1 percent alcohol which is classified in the U.S. as a non-alcoholic drink. Currently 6 percent of American males report having consumed non-alcoholic beer in the last six months. This pilot study involved surveys designed to identify the extent to which non-alcoholic beers are used by high risk drivers (1,000 youth under 21 and 1,000 drivers convicted of driving while impaired). These surveys explored the context in which these beers were used and the reasons given for their use, to answer such questions as whether they appeared to support the use of designated drivers. The study also explored the extent to which these high risk drivers choose to consume beers with differing amounts of alcohol content. This is to determine whether if, current U.S. laws - which prohibit indicating the amount of alcohol in beer on the container label - were changed, whether this would likely result in greater alcohol consumption among these high risk groups. (a) For the record of the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no 868581.


Having successfully used the falling weight deflectometer (fwd) for the structural evaluation of many pavements, detailed investigations were carried out on different sites to determine the potential of fwd testing directly on granular materials. The results of these investigations are reported. The computer program padal was used to perform the back analysis of the insitu effective elastic stiffness of each pavement layer from the measured deflection bowls. Since the subgrade is so influential, it must be correctly modelled, and as a consequence, a non linear elastic model is incorporated for this layer. The performance of five different granular capping materials was assessed at one particular site and the materials ranked accordingly. The actual performance of the capping was also checked after it had been covered with a granular subbase and found to agree with the earlier ranking. Deflection parameters were proposed to rapidly identify possible causes of differing behaviour of granular materials and subgrade. In addition, the results of comparisons made between elastic stiffnesses obtained using the fwd and the clegg hammer were obtained (a). For the covering record of the conference, see IRRD no 808936.


In this paper, we propose a Tau method for solving the singular Lane–Emden equation—a nonlinear ordinary differential equation on a semi‐infinite interval. We applied collocation, Galerkin, and Tau methods for solving this problem, and according to the results, the solution of Tau method is the most accurate. The operational derivative and product matrices of the modified generalized Laguerre functions are presented. These matrices, in conjunction with the Tau method, are then utilized to reduce the solution of the Lane–Emden equation to that of a system of algebraic equations. We also present a comparison of this work with some well‐known results and show that the present solution is highly accurate. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This article is focused on bibliographic analysis and collaboration pattern analysis of the textpapers published in the IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles (TIV) from January 2019 to January 2023. We have identified the authors, institutions, and countries/regions that are the most productive and have the highest impact. It is found that research on intelligent vehicles is dominated by researchers and institutions from China. Researchers from the US are the second largest contributor to the transaction, whilst those from Germany rank the third. It is also found that, Fei-Yue Wang, Mohan Manubhai Trivedi, and J. Christian Gerdes are the three most productive and influential authors at IEEE TIV, and the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, and the University of California, are three most productive and influential institutions. In addition, three networks are generated (i.e., the co-authorship, co-keyword, and author-keyword) to mine collaboration patterns among authors and keywords. Collaboration relationship between researchers and hot research topics are also investigated. Furthermore, an open-source tool is developed to automatically collect metadata, perform bibliographic analysis, and mine collaboration patterns.


Describes habits, predators, morphology, sexual variation, pelages, and distribution of pocket gophers. Describes genera and group relations. Describes, lists locations and distribution, and provides a key for species and subspecies.


The storing of fruit in Hungary has declined, in part because of the strong drop in living standards and in part because of the crisis in agricultural production. Essentially, only apples and pears are stored. It appears that next year's agricultural production will stabilise. This trend may have a positive impact on the consumption of stone fruits and, as a consequence, on their storage.


The correspondence problem in computer vision is basically a matching task between two or more sets of features. In this paper, we introduce a vectorized image representation, which is a feature-based representation where correspondence has been established with respect to a reference image. The representation consists of two image measurements made at the feature points: shape and texture. Feature geometry, or shape, is represented using the (2, y) locations of features relative to the some standard reference shape. Image grey levels, or texture, are represented by mapping image grey levels onto the standard reference shape. Computing this representation is essentially a correspondence task, and in1 this paper we explore an automatic technique for "vectorizing" face images. Our face vectorizer alternates back and forth between computation steps for shape and texture, and a key idea is to structure the two computations so that each one uses the output of the other. In addition to describing the vectorizer, an application to the problem of facial feature detection will be presented.


The authors report on thin-film processing improvements in the fabrication of superconducting quasiparticle-trap-assisted electrothermal-feedback transition-edge sensors used in the design of cryogenic dark matter search detectors. The work was performed as part of a detector upgrade project that included optimization of a new confocal sputtering system and development of etch recipes compatible with patterning 40 nm-thick, α-β mixed-phase W films deposited on 300–600 nm-thick, patterned Al. The authors found that their standard exothermic Al wet etch recipes provided inadequate W/Al interfaces and led to poor device performance. The authors developed a modified Al wet-etch recipe that effectively mitigates geometrical step-coverage limitations while maintaining their existing device design. Data presented here include scanning electron microscope and focused ion beam images of films and device interfaces obtained with the new Al etch method. The authors also introduce a method for quantitatively measurin...


As the result of the pollutant content research in the Yenisei River water 5 kilometers lower Krasnoyarsk city it was singled out that the irrigation water is safe according to the ratio of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium and refers to the first class.


With the development of higher education in China, the problems of the restoration project in colleges and universities are becoming increasingly obvious. The paper analyses the current situations of restoration project audit in colleges and universities from the perspective of audit and proposes relevant countermeasures and sugges-tions.


This longitudinal prenatal and postnatal study determined the rates and factors associated with morbidity and mortality among Egyptian neonates and infants. The study population includes 2125 pregnant women from two districts in Egypt (Minia and Qaliubia) who were followed longitudinally for 12 months. Out of 2125 there were 1913 live births 32 stillborns 26 neonatal deaths and 45 postneonatal deaths. Results revealed a high percentage of women seeking both routine and "problem-based" prenatal care from private doctors and governmental health clinics. Women appear to recognize symptoms which might be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes but health seeking on the basis of these symptoms appeared to be irregular. Furthermore it was found that most frequent attendants at birth were dayas (traditional birth attendants) with most deliveries occurring at homes. Perinatal mortality rates for the two districts were mid-range by global standards. Consistent with the literature very high and low birth weights were adversely associated with survival as was prematurity. Most deaths happened at homes rather than in hospitals. Parents do not appear to recognize symptoms of illness among very young neonates and care is less frequently sought even when symptoms were recognized. The intervention implications are discussed.


Taking the strategies such as tourism movement towards the West in Hangzhou, hometown exploration of Confucius Mencius in Shandong, exploiture of tourist products called Valley for Tasting Oxygen in Dinghushan of Guangdong and etc as examples, the author expounds that tourism plan should be schemed in the light of the principles of tourism developmental chain. And the tourism overall program with scientific, predictable and operational natures is expected to compose, if the advantage on resources is about to change into the advantage on economy.


Starting from the importance of promoting and innovating project culture construction,it proposes some innovative ideas,such as standard management,concept innovation,the unity of image,the landscape first,people-oriented,and innovation idea of joint building a harmonious project,and do a specific description.Thus it improves the project management level,promotes healthy development of enterprise.


In conjunction with a capacity expansion of the CFPUA Sweeney WTP from 25 to 35 MGD, the old proprietary DCS control system was replaced with a "latest technology" non-proprietary and open architecture SCADA system. The old philosophy of " islands of automation" in the plant has been replaced with a total plant integrated architecture with all area local control systems integrated into the new central plant SCADA system resulting in major tangible operations benefits. The success of this implementation philosophy has led CFPUA to make the decision of expanding the concept to all the facility assets of the entire water system and create a Total Water System Central at Sweeney which will integrate all geographically dispersed facilities including surface raw water pump stations, the nano-filtration water plant and its well field source, distribution system storage and ASR wells. This Total Water System Central concept can only be achieved with our new open architecture SCADA system which is readily compatible with all types of network and communications infrastructure. Some of the advantages already attained at the Sweeney plant are greatly increased operations efficiency, repeatable water production quality, timely and accurate regulatory reporting compliance, personnel safety and improved working environment. These same advantages when attained throughout the entire water system will result in significantly more efficient delivery of water to the customers with significant cost control helping to control rate increases in the future. This paper will describe the approach and methods taken during the design and construction phases that allowed the plant to operate at full capacity and win quality awards each of the four years of construction. This paper will also describe how the new system is designed to deliver the key benefits of operations and production optimization to Sweeney operators and describe the expected future advantages our Total Water System Central will accomplish once completed.


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a framework for categorizing and evaluating stakeholders that addresses the key five constraints of The Theory of Stakeholder Identification and Salience (TSIS), including (1) binary attributes, (2) heterogeneous stakeholders in each category, (3) ignoring stakeholder-organization relationship, (4) ignoring stakeholders' communication frequency and (5) ignoring fringe stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachIn the first step, a set of solutions for the limitations and constraints of TSIS was extracted by holding three rounds of the Delphi method with the participation of 42 senior and middle Iranian managers in various organizations and based on it, "Basic Analysis for Stakeholder Evaluation and Classification" (BASEClass) was developed as an enhanced theoretical and empirical framework for stakeholder analysis. In the second Step BASEClass is validated by conducting an empirical study in an organization with the participation of 46 managers, experts and specialists.FindingsBASEClass is an enhanced theoretical and methodological framework for classifying stakeholders based on the three primary attributes of legitimacy, power and urgency, and also the communication quantity as a complementary attribute in a 3D cubical schema, prioritizing stakeholders in several cubes based on one of the multi-criteria group decision-making methods. Originality/valueBASEClass effectively reduces the mentioned limitations and constraints of TSIS and as a result can improve the effectiveness of strategies for dealing with different stakeholders.


Nonverbal communication is one of the important parts in intercultural communication.This paper takes the use of nonverbal cues in Chinese and American classroom teaching as an example,intends to explore the cultural differences and the assistant functions of nonverbal communication,then provides further explanations of these differences and puts forward the notion of "cultural dependence" in the hope of increasing teachers and students' awareness of intercultural communication and developing their intercultural communicative competence.


We present a demodulation method for FM signals using baseband techniques. The hardware and software resources available have to be considered in working with both mathematical and simulation models: computational power, processing time, word data length. We consider a digital signal processor as a possible hardware structure to implement the entire method.


In the present paper we establish some new inequalities similar to extensions of Hilbert's double-series inequality and give also their integral analogues. Our results provide some new estimates to these types of inequalities.


Given F : [a,b] k ! [a,b] and a non-constant X0 with P(X0 2 [a,b]) = 1, define the hierarchical sequence of random variables {Xn}n 0 by Xn+1 = F(Xn,1,...,Xn,k), where Xn,i are i.i.d. as Xn. Such sequences arise from hierarchical structures which have been extensively studied in the physics literature to model, for example, the conductivity of a random medium. Under an averaging and smoothness condition on non-trivial F, a upper bound of the form C n for 0 < < 1, is obtained on the Wasserstein distance between the standardized distribution of Xn and the normal. The results apply, for instance, to random resistor networks, and introducing the notion of strict averaging, to hierarchical sequences generated by certain compositions. As an illustration, upper bounds on the rate of convergence to the normal are derived for the hierarchical sequence generated by the weighted diamond lattice which is shown to exhibit a full range of convergence rate behavior.


Objectives: To determine the association of Mallampatti Score as a risk factor for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).
Methodology: This is a prospective questionnaire based survey included 103 individuals
Results: Mean BMI of patients was 23.83±6.03 kg/m2. There were 28 (27.2%) overweight and 22 (21.4%) obese patients. High risk on Berlin questionnaire was found in 12 (11.7%) patients. Both Berlin Questionnaire and Epworth questioner showed a negative association with Mallampati; the low risk group of these variables in our study with a p-value of 0.034 & 0.016 respectively i.e they are good for exclusion of OSA if found negative. Comparison of general characteristics with Mallampatti score and snoring showed significant association among patients with >25 years of age (p=0.02), low risk of Berlin score (p=0.034) and normal Epworth Sleep Score (p=0.016). Fifteen (14.5%) of overweight & obese individuals had higher Mallampatti score III & lV but the P-values were not significant (0.283 & 0.386).
Conclusion: There is strong association between high Mallampatti score and O.S.A. Therefore we suggest that high mallampatti can be taken as a risk factor / screening tool limitation for O.S.A.


Objectives. To estimate the direct oximetry opportunities of the abdominal cavity and parietal peritoneum organs at the experimental peritonitis. Methods. The investigation is based on the results analysis of the direct oximetry of the parietal peritoneum, the liver surface, the intestinal wall in 34 guinea pigs with the experimental peritonitis. Results. The inflammatory process development in the abdominal cavity is accompanied by the metabolic processes activation in the peritoneum that results in the rate increase of the oxygen uptake and ultimately in the adaptation reaction failure and hypoxia progression. Depletion of the oxygen utilization mechanisms resources was registered during the terminal phase leading to the rate decrease of the oxygen uptake and to loss of possibility of its utilization by the tissues. High reserve level of the oxygen utilization mechanisms by hepatocytes was revealed that permits the liver to react adequately to the increasing intensity of the metabolic processes at inflammatory processes and endotoxicosis. Low reserve opportunities of the oxygen uptake mechanisms by the intestinal wall were shown than could explain the development of the intestinal wall ischemia and the enteral insufficiency syndrome development even at the early stage peritonitis. Conclusions. Direct oximetry being a noninvasive method permits to perform intraoperative estimation of the respiratory activity of the organs and tissues. On the basis of the direct oximetry data one can judge on the functional state of these tissues; this can help to choose tactics of finishing the operation as well as further postoperative treatment of a patient.


Piglets weaned from a 1400-sow unit were sent to three different producers in loads of 600 pigs per week. Production records indicated poorer performance and a greater problem with Escherichia coli diarrhea in one herd compared to pigs from the other two (394 g versus 436 g of average daily gain (ADG) and 8.0% versus 0.96% mortality for the case herd and other two herds, respectively). No environment and management differences on the sow farm of origin were found to explain the performance differences in these three groups of pigs.


Effect of body size on accumulation and distribution of 125I in the green mussel (Perna viridis), has been studied. The results showed that concentration capacity of every part in smaller mussels was higher than that in larger ones. Concentration factors of 125I in byssus (about 0. 5 X 103-1. 5 X 103), the highest in all parts of the mussels, were 30-200 times as that in soft tissues, 200~600 times as that in feet, 600 -1000 times as that in shells. Although wet weight of byssus was no more than 1 % of whole body's wet weight, the content of 125I accumulated in it accounted for as high as 75% of total 125I content. The relationship between concentration factor of 125I in byssus and whole body's wet weight (or shell length) can be dis-cribed as a negative power function.


Understanding and representing the meaning of words requires a specific presentation of their context. In previous work, we introduced a context awareness approach that aims to extract context entities to represent the context of a text and provide a reference for knowledge discovery from textual data. This paper will provide a semantic network to structure the different relationships between the identified context entities.


Most engineering, maintenance and operating decisions involve some aspect of Cost/risk trade-off. In this context we will talk about the costrisk optimization applied to information systems in the context of application of regulations. In this paper, a conceptual model of risk based regulation, based on the existing business and risk architecture models will be presented. Then, a conceptual cost-risk model associated with the implementation of risk mitigating controls will be adopted and integrated into the optimization approach. Following this cost model, a mixed-integer linear program will be described. The bi-objective optimization of the risk-cost will then be solved with IBM ILOG CPLEX optimizer to define an optimized solution. The result of the calculation of the optimization will serve as a help to the decision-making of the


ABSTRAK Conventional farming involves the use of synthetic and chemical pesticides that increases the short-term productivity of the soil with the expense of its long-term fertility. The emergence of alternative agriculture movement is estimated to have become a progressive response in increasing awareness of the long adverse effects on effort to promote the soil which is well cultivated by agro-ecological environment. Although it is a shift from conventional farming, alternatative farming practices have not been adequately integrated as organic farming techniques and remain non organic farming options. In an effort to explore the differences, we conducted a literature review of temperate areas studies comparing to conventional and alternative farming techniques in terms of their effects on soil nutrient levels. This review was found that 70% of the literature supports the use of alternative techiques as the means of reducing the agriculture impact on fertility and health of soil and haiglights the need of further research on topic of longitudinal studies primarily in context of ecology of temperate climate. To contextualize contemporary view with the developing popularity of alternative conventional farming system, we also explored the literature about the impact of agriculture that expanded again from 1920s. Historical study examined literature concerning with long-term fertility soil in Canada Journal on scientific agriculture to capture general environment narration about alternative farming at that time. It was found that a segment of the pre-1950s literature viewed the farming practices sustainable time, citing the declining yields to support this claim. The latest increasing proved in alternative farming techniques in response to a growing awareness of the long-term effects of convenstional farming can be contextualized in the context of history as well as the rise of a more traditional approach to farming.


The model of radiation-balanced laser oscillators is described,and the expressions between laser and pump intensities are derived.As an example,the laser and pump intensities in the radiation-balanced laser oscillators of Yb:KYW and effects from the changes of output-coupler reflectivities and length of cavityare calculated.The relationship between output-coupler reflectivities and minimum length of cavity is discussed.


M . M . S A D E K 2 and B. MILLS . 3 The authors are to be congratulated on the application of the perturbation method to the stability analysis of the impact damper. However, the contributors are disturbed to read that the analysis is based on the assumption of impacts occurring at equal times intervals, i.e., ir/co apart. Arnold (reference [3]4 of the paper) also used this assumption despite the experimental evidence in Figs. 7(a) and (c) of his paper, which clearly show that the impacts within each cycle are not ir/to apart. Their distribution does, in fact, depend on r, p, and p. The derivation of this dependence is quite involved, but has been established analytically and verified experimentally in reference [1] of this Discussion, this work being based on reference [2], The main point that emerges from this analysis is the nonlinearity of the response of the damper in the vicinity of its optimum setting. Further tests have been carried out to investigate the effects of gravity, friction and tuning and this work has been published in references [3] and [4]. A digital computer program to provide criteria is now being written and will be published at a later date.


In seismic design of light steel structures according to Eurocode 8 the behaviour factor is accounting for the ability of the structure to dissipate energy by yielding. Applying dissipative design, cross sectional class, joint detailing and management of possible overstrength of material enable behaviour factors up to 8. Thereby, proper choice of the behaviour factor depends on the bracing system, in which all bracing elements which restrain the structure in the same direction should go plastic at the same time. This rule can be easily fulfilled with buildings where identical braces are in parallel walls which provide equal stiffness and equal strength.

However, e.g. in plant construction type and position of the braces often need to be irregular due to operational reasons. So the use of only one type of bracing system does not fulfil the special demands and bracing systems are mixed up.

The common engineering procedure would now imply to calculate on the safe side and therefore to take the lower behaviour factor. Large jumps of the values of the behaviour factors as well as the "black or white" classification leave little space left for the designer. A more sensitive approach might be a linear interpolation between the corresponding behaviour factors depending on the percentage of the bracing system of the whole structure in one main direction.

The paper reports on a study, where the dynamic behaviour of simple combined frame and braced structures is investigated by elastic-plastic time-history analyses. Design recommendations for the amendment of EC8 will be proposed.


Title Historical Background and Diffusion Process of Rice Prawn Gher Farming System in Bangladesh -A case study of Khulna DistrictAuthor(s) Barmon, Basanta Kumar; MATSUDA, Hirotaka; KONDO, Takumi; OSANAMI, Fumio Citation 北海道大学農經論叢 = The Nokei Ronso : The Review of Agricultural Economics Hokkaido University, 61: 85-100 Issue Date 2005-03 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/11277 Type bulletin File Information 61_p85-100.pdf


The editorial article summarises the achievements of the International conference titled "Interagency and International Cooperation in Countering Hybrid Threats." The articles in this volume cover a broad range of issues related to NATO, EU and national experiences in the research and practical activities in countering hybrid warfare.


Entrepreneurship is one of the factors in improving the economy in Indonesia through community economic empowerment. Entrepreneurship runs which one of is through Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) is expected to utilize the available natural resources with properly, and then be able to have idea and creativity in manage them. One of the hamlets that produce banana plantations is Kulubanyu Hamlet. This hamlet is located in Tawangrejo Village, Mojokerto Regenct, East Java Province. The assistance was held by the village development team from State University of Surabaya for the residents of Kulubanyu Hamlet which resulted in product creations, namely Dangkrik "Gedhang Kripik". An important factor in forming a new business by the residents of Kulubanyu Hamlet, except in product innovation, is also related to an understanding of financial management. So the village development team choosed to make counseling, training and mentoring activities for the Dangkrik business group regarding simple bookkeeping. The method that used by the village development team is simple bookkeeping training which runs for 2 months, the period of activity starting on August 18, 2019 and ending October 19, 2019. In the mentoring activity, the Kulubanyu Hamlet production group has been able to implementing simpe bookkeeping.


Attachment, Affect Regulation \u0026 Mentalization Carolyn Daitch Affect regulation toolboxPeter Fonagy: What is Mentalization? Peter Fonagy: Emotional Regulation in Young Children Understanding Affect Regulation Working With the Window Of ToleranceAttachment \u0026 Affect Regulation re encoded Affect regulation theory Loving Someone With Borderline Personality Disorder: A Model of Emotion Regulation 20 Affect Regulation: Why It's Critical For Everyday Life Problems with Affect Regulation Dr. Peter Fonagy on 'Ego-Destructive Shame'Treating Trauma: 2 Ways to Help Clients Feel Safe, with Peter Levine Thoughts Feelings Stress \u0026 Mindfulness ARE Part Of Behavior Analysis Jordan Peterson Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Window of Tolerance a simple tool for emotional regulation Dr. Peter Fonagy on Attachment System ActivationJon G. Allen, PhD, on What We All Need to Know About Attachment Emotional Regulation / Dysregulation in Relationships and Attachment Trauma MARSHA LINEHAN Strategies for Emotion Regulation Allan Schore Neurobiology of Secure Attachment.f4v Having A Life Worth Living Dr Aguirre's Insights on Borderline Personality Disorder The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma What is MENTALIZATION-BASED TREATMENT? What does MENTALIZATION-BASED TREATMENT mean?Affect regulation, mindfulness and enactment in psychoanalysis Dr Jeremy Safran Mentalization and Trust: A New Understanding of Borderline Personality DisorderAttachment Theory and Emotion Regulation PETER FONAGY How a Borderline Individual is Created John Bowlby, Attachment Theory and Psychotherapy – Professor Jeremy Holmes 74: Borderline Personality Disorder Affect Regulation Mentalization And The Buy Affect Regulation, Mentalization and the Development of the Self 1 by Fonagy, Peter (ISBN: 9781855753563) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.


Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammatory disease that could be developed into a fatal condition. Traditional dogma was to rest the pancreas by fasting. However, evidence shows the benefits of early enteral feeding resulting in a shorter hospital stay, improved mortality, multi-organ failure, systemic infections, and the need for operative interventions. Clinicians should encourage enteral feeding as soon as possible even in severe acute pancreatitis if there are no contraindications. An immediate solid diet could be attempted. Regarding tube feeding, the nasojejunal tube did not show superiority to the nasogastric tube. Different formulas and probiotics need more investigation. Guidelines are against using prophylactic antibiotics, but Korean centers still report overuse of antibiotics. However, there is still a debate about using prophylactic antibiotics in severe acute pancreatitis. Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be initiated when an infection is suspected. In conclusion, enteral nutritional support and optimal use of antibiotics are the keys to the management of acute pancreatitis.


The performance of Senegal's agricultural performance exemplifies the impact of unmanaged risk on productivity among vulnerable smallholder crop producers and pastoralists. The government of Senegal has historically responded to drought and other shocks with direct financial support to farmers as well as general assistance to the rural population. The World Bank, with support from the group of eight (G-8) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Equipment (MARE), commissioned the present study. The objective of this assessment was to assist the government of Senegal to: (1) identify, analyze, quantify, and prioritize principal risks facing the agricultural sector; (2) analyze the impact of these risks; and (3) identify and prioritize appropriate risk management interventions that may contribute to improved stability, reduced vulnerability, and increased resilience of agricultural supply chains in Senegal. This report presents a summary of the assessment's key findings. Chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two provides an overview of the agricultural sector in Senegal and a discussion of key growth constraints. An assessment of the main agricultural risks is presented in chapter three. Chapter four analyzes the frequency and severity of highlighted risks and assesses their impact. Chapter five presents some stakeholder perceptions of risks and evaluates levels of vulnerability among various livelihood groups. The study concludes in chapter six with an assessment of priorities for risk management and a broad discussion of possible risk management measures that can help to strengthen the resiliency of agricultural supply chains and the livelihoods they support.


Biomass tar combustion behavior was investigated with perovskite (CaTiO3, Ca2Fe2O5) as catalysts using heating rates of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 °C min−1. The addition of 10 wt % of CaTiO3, Ca2Fe2O5 greatly improved the tar combustion characteristics. For the combustion process, a three stages model, volatilization, low-temperature oxidation (LTO), and high-temperature combustion (HTC), was proposed and applied. The starting temperature of HTC stage was lowered by 30−60 °C, and the combustion residue decreased by nearly 10 wt % resulting from the catalyst's presence. Different reaction kinetics mechanisms using the classical Arrhenius equation were applied to treat TG data, the results showing the first-order combustion model fitted the data best. Volatilization and HTC stages had large apparent activation energy (E), and a uniform trend of decreasing E was observed in the presence of CaTiO3, Ca2Fe2O5.


Interpretation of prostatic biopsies has been a continuous problem for practicing pathologist. This current study aims at the analysis of histopathological features of various non neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the prostate including the grading of malignant lesions and evaluation of role of AgNOR index in different benign, premalignant and malignant lesions of prostate. One hundred and eight transurethral resection of prostate specimens were studied with haematoxylin and eosin and AgNOR staining. Benign prostatic hyperplasia was the most common lesion affecting the prostate in elderly. High grade prostatic intra epithelial neoplasia had strong association with prostatic carcinoma. Among the malignant lesions of the prostate, primary prostatic adenocarcinoma was the commonest. According to Gleason Grading system higher grades were more commonly observed as the predominant pattern. Mean AgNOR counts were higher in malignant lesions when compared with the benign lesions.


With the aim of preserving the Amazigh heritage from being threatened with disappearance, it seems suitable to provide Amazigh with required resources to confront the stakes of access to the domain of New Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In this context and in the perspective to build linguistic resources and natural language processing tools for this language, we have undertaken to develop an online conjugating tool that generates the inflectional forms of the Amazigh verbs. This tool is based on novel linguistically motivated morphological rules describing the verbal paradigm for all the Moroccan Amazigh varieties. Furthermore, it is based on the notion of morphological tree structure and uses transformational rules which are attached to the leaf nodes. Each rule may have numerous mutually exclusive clauses, where each part of a clause is a regular expression pattern that is matched against the radical pattern. This tool is an interactive conjugator that provides exhaustive coverage of linguistically accurate conjugation paradigms for over 3584 Armazigh verbs. It has been made simple and easy to use and designed from the ground up to be a highly effective learning aid that stimulates a desire to learn.


Objective To assess the clinical short-term to mid-term efficacy of transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula by using patent ductus arteriosus occluder in pediatric patients. Methods During the period from Jan. 2008 to May 2013 at authors' hospital, transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula using patent ductus arteriosus occluder was performed in 8 pediatric patients. The clinical data, including follow-up information, were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 8 pediatric patients with a mean age of(4.1 ± 3.8) years were enrolled in this study. The fistula originated from the right coronary artery in five cases and from the left coronary artery in three cases. The blood flow shunted to the right atrium(n = 4) or to the right ventricle(n = 4). Obstruction of the fistula was successfully accomplished in all patients. All patients were followed up for(2.2 ± 1.2) years. No procedure-related complications or cardiac ischemia occurred. Conclusion For the treatment of coronary artery fistula in pediatric patients, the use of domestic patent ductus arteriosus occluder is safe and effective with satisfactory short-term to mid-term clinical efficacy.


Structure elucidation is generally performed by a scientist analyzing the available data. However, for many years, the development of computer-assisted structure elucidation (CASE) technologies has been pursued and there is ample evidence that, in many cases, CASE algorithms can outperform even the most skilled spectroscopists. Despite the significant advances in CASE systems in the majority of instances, structure elucidation remains a manual procedure, and a fully automated elucidation process remains a probable vision. All stages of structure elucidation can, in theory, be automated with computation. Certain stages, specifically the process of structure generation and probabilistic ranking of the elaborated structures, can be fully automated. However, in most cases, data preparation remains a major challenge, and automatic preparation of complex data sets still requires manual intervention. If data preparation can be more fully automated, then the possibility of delivering CASE systems to the masses will be facilitated. Data preparation remains a very important and challenging task. This chapter describes ways in which the data preparation stage can be made more robust and efficient and, in the future, fully automated. Whether serving the needs of CASE systems or not, improvements in this area also simplify direct manual structure elucidation and this, in itself, is very valuable.


Objective To evaluate the capability and accuracy of multi-shce spiral computed tomography(MSCT)in detecting atherosclerotic plaques in nonstenotic coronary arteries with reference to the findings of intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)in a segment analysis.Methods Both IVUS exams and 16-row MSCT scans were performed on 35 consecutive patients among whom 30 patients had successful MSCT scans.A total of 94 coronary segments without significant coronary stenoses were paired-analyzed both on IVUS and MSCT segment by segment.The plaques were classified as calcified,fibrotic and soft types according to the echogeneity on IVUS.Plaque attenuation on MSCT was measured and expressed by Hounsfield units(HU).Results When referred to IVUS,MSCT had a sensitivity of 82.1%(46/56)and specificity of 89.5% (34/38),respectively in detectiong any plaques.For the detection of calcified plaques,the sensitivity and specificity were 92.1%(35/38)and 96.4%(54/56),respectively.For the detection of mixed and noncalcified plaques,MSCT had sensitivity of 73.2%(30/41)and specificity of 88.7%(47/53).But for the detection of the noncalcified plaque,the sensitivity was 66.7%(12/18). According to the findings On IVUS,the plaques were classified as calcified(n=19),fibrotic(n=19)and soft(n=16).The CT attenuation of calcified plaques was(489±169)HU(196 to 817 HU),fibrotic plaques(69±21)HU(25 to 117 HU)and soft plaques(23±18)HU(-12 to 47 HU).Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant difference of plaque attenuation among the three groups(P 0.01).The mean areas of the plaques measured by IVUS and MSCT were 5.6 mm~2 and 5.3 mm~2, respectively and well consistent(r=0.58,P0.01).Conclusions MSCT had a great potential to detect coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patiens without significant coronary stenoses.Coronary plaque composition might be correctly identified by its CT attenuation.IVUS and MSCT were consistent in the measurement of plaque area.


The electrical behavior during compaction of tantalum and aluminum powders was characterized before and after thermal oxidation. The resistivity of unoxidized powders decreased by >10^6 over a narrow range of stress between 1 and 10 MPa. Thermal oxidation of the powders to produce submicrometer thick oxide layers on the particles increased the precompaction electric breakdown strength from <0.2 to >5 kV/cm but did not have a significant effect on the low field resistivity of the powders during compaction. At higher fields, the decrease in resistivity during compaction occurred at lower stresses and over a much narrower stress range since catastrophic electrical breakdown occurred once a certain level of stress was reached. The breakdown field at constant stress also decreased as the stress was increased for the oxidized powders. These effects are caused by the cracking of the brittle oxide coatings at the contact points between the particles during compaction.


Page 4 Introduction Page 5 Limitations to Study Page 10 Literature Review Page 12 Methodology Page 16 How do undergraduate and postgraduate students at the University of Stellenbosch negotiate between the rise of English as the universal academic language and the deep-rooted Afrikaans tradition at Stellenbosch? Page 20 English as a unifying language Afrikaans' role as an academic language Race a determinant of language perception Language as a conduit of heritage Ethical Reflexivity Page 31 Conclusion Page 33 Recommendations for Further Studies Page 35 References Page 36


Water hyacinth (Eichhprnia crassipes) is the most dangerous and worst invasive aquatic weed in the worldwide including Ethiopia, and negatively affecting millions of water resources, fisheries, transportation and social structure. Water hyacinth was introduced in the water bodies of the Rift Valley in 68years ago and currently, the weed is distributed Lake Tana, Lake Abaya, Lake Koka, Koka Dam. The wide distribution and abundance of water hyacinth has led to decreased water availability and sustainable water biodiversity in Ethiopian lakes. However, the spread of water hyacinth is threatening not only water biodiversity but also socioeconomic development and human wellbeing. Water hyacinth in water bodies and nearby areas the local stakeholder has its negative impact on environmental problem and it's influenced aquatics biodiversity. This review paper aimed to investigate the distribution, impacts and its integrated management option against water hyacinth in Ethiopia. Therefore, based on the review it can be concluded that human intervention is considered as the current problem of water resource in the country and further study is needed to sustain the water resource are needed to keep water hyacinth at unproblematic levels.


The pelvic region is a complex three‐dimensional conglomeration of muscles, fascias, nerves, vessels, and viscera in an osteoligamentous ring. Unfortunately, the use of dissection limits the comprehension of the pelvic region because of the donor‐cadaver's thin, possibly atrophied muscles. Virtual reality is also limited in accurately rendering the dimensions, interactions, and relationships with essential organs, nerves, and vessels – not to mention the inconsistency of branching patterns. However, knowledge of pelvic anatomy is essential to pelvic health. The presence of incontinence, pelvic pain, sexual discomfort or dysfunction, and the use of episiotomies are just a smattering of clinical reasons for improving competence in pelvic anatomy. This portion of the Master Class will present the current evidence regarding pelvic anatomy, specifically regarding the recent imaging, histological, and structural publications.


In this paper, I analyze elite discourse in the context of the increasing role played by large-scale corporate platforms in federal immigration enforcement in the US Specifically, I focus on Amazon Web Services' (AWS) alliance with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Incorporating Marx's (2016) "fallacy of explicit agendas" as a heuristic for contextualizing recent employee challenges to company CEO Jeff Bezos, I show how the fallacy serves to conceal far more about the AWS alliance with ICE, an organization with a long track record of deeply troubling practices. The secrecy that is fostered by such discourse also obscures the growing dependency of government entities on large-scale technologies of marginalizing surveillance that threaten civil liberties and rights of refugees and immigrants.


By employing a delay line signal processing technique, a mathematical model of an asymmetrical quad microring resonator (QMRR) can be calculated. Four asymmetrical rings are coupled with each other in vertically connected structures of QMRRs are designed. The performance of QMRR structures is demonstrated using two different types of waveguide bus, namely crossing and parallel waveguides. In the MATLAB environment, the frequency spectrum response and accompanying transmittance, phase, and group delay plots are programmed and graphically presented.


[Objective] To observe the clinical effect of Zizhu ointment on chronic skin ulcer. [Methods] Seventy-two chronic skin ulcer cases were randomized into treatment group of 36 cases and control group of 36 cases. Based on the basic treatment, the treatment group was administered Zizhu ointment for external application once a day, and the control group was administered b-FGF spray for external application once a day. The index of curative effect and security before and after treatment were observed. Meanwhile record the adverse reactions during the treatment. [Results] The cure rate of chronic skin ulcer in treatment group was 28%, the remarkably effect rate was 22%, and the total cure and remarkable effect rate was 50%. The cure rate of chronic skin ulcer in control group was 14%, the remarkably effect rate was 14%, and the total cure and remarkable effect rate was 28%.Difference between the two groups had statistical significance(P0.05). [Conclusion] Zizhu ointment is effective for chronic skin ulcer.


Open teaching is excuted in physical education clubs so that students are centered and teachers play proper roles in enabling students to enjoy greater freedom,and to form sound persoanality and physical health.The clubs are advantageous for both functions of physical education and education,thus breaking the monotony of traditional teaching.This paper is aimed to study the patterning of the physical education in clubs.


The present invention provides a method for determining the antibiotic susceptibility of a microorganism comprising the following steps. First, the culture of the microorganism whose sensitivity is to be determined is mixed with the antibiotic whose sensitivity is to be assayed and the microorganism's permeation agent which is present in an amount effective for microbial permeation without inhibiting the growth of the microorganism. To prepare. The assay culture is then incubated under appropriate culture conditions and for a time sufficient to determine the susceptibility of the microorganism to the antibiotic. In another aspect, the present invention is a method for testing antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms in culture, the method comprising mixing the culture with an antibiotic to be assayed for sensitivity, and sufficient to determine the susceptibility of the microorganism to the antibiotic. A method for testing antibiotic susceptibility by incubating a culture for a long period of time, comprising the step of mixing the culture with a permeabilizing agent for the microorganism present in an amount effective for microbial permeation without inhibiting microbial growth. To provide a method.


Purpose – To establish new measurement technologies in textiles and clothing.Design/methodology/approach – Three areas are covered, diverse in methodology and approach: measurement of fabric mechanics, measurement of seam quality, and measurement of human size and shape.Findings – Three new measurement technologies have been established.Research limitations/implications – The mechanics are limited to the measurement of lightweight fabrics. The human measurement needs clear photographs.Practical implications – All techniques can make measurement more accurate and efficient in all three areas.Originality/value – All techniques are original and have a major contribution to textile and clothing science and technology.


We report the discovery of two clusters of galaxies that contain new, gravitationally lensed images (arcs) of high-redshift background galaxies. Both clusters, MS1621.5+2640 and MS2053.7-0449, were selected from the Einstein Observatory Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey (EMSS) based on their high X-ray luminosity, and are part of a sample of 21 such clusters with L x >2×10 44 erg s −1 and z>0.2 being studied by us. These two clusters have redshifts of z=0.426 and z=0.583 respectively, and are the highest redshift clusters to date in which arcs have been observed


If chaos in therapy is to be avoided, it is plain that new and more accurate methods of evaluation, less costly of time but also of money, must be found.


Gamma emission in Eu/sup 1//sup 4//sup 6/ electron capture was studied with a scintillation coincidence spectrometer. The resolving time varied from 0.2 to 20 mu sec. The Gd fraction was separated from a Ta target bombarded by 660-Mev protons and used as the source. The main activity was related to Gd/sup 1//sup 4//sup 6/ (60 days) and daughter Eu/sup 1//sup 4//sup 6/ (5 days). The contribution of Gd/sup 1//sup 4//sup 6/ to the Eu/sup 1//sup 4//sup 6/ line was negligible. The relative intensities of transitions in Eu/sup 1//sup 4//sup 6/ are tabulated and the gamma and coincidence spectra are plotted. Neither the single spectra nor the coincidence spectra exhibited any direct transition from 1.38 Mev with intensity exceeding 0.05 of the 0.74 Mev line (taken as a unit). A decay scheme which agrees with the results is offered. The energy of Eu/sup 1// sup 4//sup 6/ transition to Sm/sup 1//sup 4//sup 6/ is 3350 kev according to Camer on and 3700 kev according to Levy, supporting the existence of levels up to 3.5 Mev. Observed gamma quanta of 280 kev, which coincide with 115 to 120 kev quanta, belong to Cd/sup 1//sup 4//sup 6/ and Eu/sup 1//sup 4//sup 7/. (R.V.J.)


Through a sampling site investigation,the carbon storage and distribution of 46-year-old Manglietia glauca plantations were studied at Gaofeng forest farm in Nanning of Guangxi Province,China.The results showed that the carbon content in different organs of M.glauca ranged from 476.8 to 532.5 g / kg,and it was in the order of stem root branch bark leaf.Carbon content in the soil(0-80 cm) was 10.36 g / kg and declines with soil depth.The total carbon storage in M.glauca plantation ecosystems amounted to 236.70 t / hm2,of which over-storey of M.glauca stored 118. 03 t / hm2and accounted for 49. 86%. The shrub layer stored 2. 00 t / hm2and accounted for 0. 84%.The herb layer stored 1. 18 t / hm2and accounted for 0. 50%,the litter layer stored 3. 48 t / hm2and accounted for 1. 47%,as well as the soil stored 111. 71 t / hm2and accounted for 47. 19%. The annual carbon storage in the tree layer of M. glauca plantations was up to 3. 72 t /( hm2·a),and the annual carbon storage in different organs of M. glauca was as follow:stem leaf root branch bark.


Bulloch and Sequeira in 1905 1 established the relationship between tumor of the adrenal cortex and pseudohermaphroditism. As early as 1756, however, Cooke described a case of tumor of the adrenal gland in a girl of 7 years of age. She was very obese and had an abnormal growth of hair on the face and pubic region. No attempt was made to point out the part of the gland involved. In 1910 Apert 2 studied a series of cases of tumor of the adrenal cortex in females and concluded that the varying symptomatology depended on the age at which the disease developed. He proposed the following classification: Type 1. Hyperplasia of the embryonal period. In this type the internal organs are female, but outwardly there are masculine forms, such as undeveloped breasts, a hypospadiac penile-like clitoris and a vulva-like cul-de-sac. Type 2. Hyperplasia of the fetal period. Here the anomaly


Bowen and Schuster report that there is considerable pressure on faculty-especially younger faculty-to conduct and publish research.' There is also some evidence that journalism and mass communications administrators value research productivity on the part of their faculties.2 In a recent study of journalism and mass communications administrators, Schweitzer found substantial agreement with the conclusion reached by Bowen and Schuster.3 In Schweitzer's study, fully 84% of the administrators of mass communication doctoral programs agreed or strongly agreed that there is considerable pressure on their faculty to conduct and publish research. Administrators of bachelor's degree programs, however, differed significantly from the administrators of graduate programs in their assessment of the pres-


The picture the biotechnology industry has painted of GM crops in North America is one of unqualified success, after six years of commercial growing. The objective of this report was to assess whether this image is accurate and if not what problems have occurred. We present interviews with North American farmers about their experiences of GM soya, maize and oilseed rape, and review of some of the independent research.

The evidence we have gathered demonstrates that GM food crops are far from a success story. In complete contrast to the impression given by the biotechnology industry, it is clear that they have not realised most of the claimed benefits and have been a practical and economic disaster. Widespread GM contamination has severely disrupted GM-free production including organic farming, destroyed trade and undermined the competitiveness of North American agriculture overall. GM crops have also increased the reliance of farmers on herbicides and led to many legal problems.

Six years after the first commercial growing of GM crops, the use of genetic engineering in global agriculture is still limited. Only four countries including the US and Canada grow 99 per cent of the GM crops grown worldwide, and just four crops account for 99 per cent of the global area planted to GM crops. In the UK, we have a choice over whether to remain GM-free.

Our findings show that GM crops would obstruct the government from meeting its policy objective that farming should become more competitive and meet consumer requirements. It would also prevent it from honouring its public commitment to ensure that the expansion of organic farming is not undermined by the introduction of GM crops. The Soil Association believes this report will contribute towards a more balanced and realistic debate on the likely impacts of GM crops on farming in the UK and assist an informed decision on the commercialisation of GM crops.


For switched-inductor Quasi-Z-source inverter, simulation study on SVPWM modulation strategy was carried on through Matlab/Simulink simulation platform. Simulation results show that compared with simple boost modulation strategy, the SVPWM modulation strategy has the advantages of low switching frequency, small DC bus voltage and large modulation level, improving the utilization of DC bus voltage.


The paper's goal was to investigate whether the current phase of deregulation of rail market has helped to encourage innovation in the rail transportation product and in organizational processes. The paper focused on three aspects: acquisitions in the third party logistics and road haulage distribution sectors; intermodal transportation of swap bodies, semi-trailers and heavy goods vehicles; and rail transportation of maritime containers. The paper recognizes: that deregulation has resulted in increased efforts to make the traditional product more efficient; that rail/road combined transportation in certain logistic chainscan achieve very high performance levels; that average number of weekly services from Mediterranean ports to the Benelux and the UK (the only exhaustive data available) has risen to a level beyond comparison with other services.


In the twenty-first century, the United States and its allies will confront a number of disparate challenges. Enemies will prove adaptive and effective in preparing their military forces to attack, disturb, disorient, and prevent the projection of U.S. military power onto their territory and to deny the United States political and strategic victory. Moreover, they will undoubtedly fight within diverse strategic, operational, and tactical frameworks – frameworks largely determined by their societal, religious, and political cultures, all differing from those of the United States and its allies. America's potential opponents are already preparing to fight the U.S. military and, over the past decade, they have had two spectacular demonstrations of what its forces can do. The great difficulty for the armed forces of the United States lies in the fact that at present – and for the foreseeable future – they confront enormous ambiguity and uncertainty about their potential enemies; the conditions under which war will occur; as well as the staying power, military capabilities, and operational courses potential opponents might employ. The question, then, that confronts the U.S. military is how to prepare forces to fight against opponents, the nature and aims of which are at present unclear. However much one might be tempted to prepare those forces on the basis of capabilities, such an approach will inevitably lead to mirror imaging. Thus, it would seem that red teaming U.S. forces and concepts from the highest to lowest levels represents the best alternative to learning on the battlefield, where military organizations learn by killing their own. This paper will use the term red teaming to mean the willingness to establish independent teams or other means to challenge the assumptions and preconceptions that military organizations often make. Such teams demand independent, perceptive officers and players unhindered by the strictures and mindsets of service cultures and bureaucratic restraints. War games, exercises, and maneuvers that prepare military forces for the future must involve red forces and red teams that can utilize asymmetric approaches, operational concepts, and tactics to challenge the plans and concepts of America's military. If they do not, they simply become one more method of validating the status quo, and historically the price paid for such an approach has been in blood and national treasure.


The paper deals with the use of dual-frequency Carrier-phase Differential GPS for autonomous relative navigation of formation flying satellites. The problem is specifically analyzed for remote sensing applications in which high accuracy in the knowledge of the relative positions is required and the inter-satellite distance largely varies during the mission due to scientific application requirements and orbital constrains. To guarantee high accuracy and robustness a hybrid approach is proposed by combining in cascade an augmented-state Extended Kalman Filter with a kinematic filter. Specifically, the dynamic filter provides robust floating estimates of double-difference GPS ambiguities, which are then processed in the kinematic filter. The approach is numerically tested considering relative orbit scenarios relevant to existing or proposed remote sensing applications. Results show that the proposed filtering scheme is robust and provides estimation accuracy ranging from the millimetre to the centimetre level as the baseline grows from a few to hundreds kilometres.


In this paper we consider the singularly perturbed Dirichlet problem of quasilinear System for the second order equations (d~z)/(dt~2)=A(z,t)(dz)/(dt)+B(z,t),0≤t≤1,0e1, z(0,e)=α,z(1,e)=β where A(z, t) is a conditionally stable m×m matrix.The existence and uniqueness of solution for the problem mentioned above are proved under some conditions, and the solution can be expanded in arbitrary accuracy by the method of boundary layer functiion.


Iatrogenic keratectasia is a corneal disease caused by refractive surgery, most frequently after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) as a surgical correction of ametropia, and also after injuries, penetrating and lamellar keratoplasty. The following changes are noted in case of keratectasia after laser keratomileusis: an increase in keratometric indices in the central and lower parts of the cornea, a decrease in stromal thickness and a myopic shift in refraction, a progressive impairment of visual functions — a decrease in uncorrected visual acuity, monocular diplopia and an inability of spherocylindrical correction. A thin corneal bed or small residual stromal thickness, re-surgery LASIK in anamnesis, and also the initial preoperative features of the corneal topogram (Irregularity, asymmetric bow tie pattern) are considered to be the main risk factors of keratectasia after LASIK surgery. Methods . A patient with secondary keratectasia who had previously undergone LASIK and crosslinking was found to have progressive secondary keratectasia and decreased visual functions. An individual allograft was implanted (the form of a Landolt ring, 300 µm, at a depth of 290 µm) using the technology of bandage keratoplasty. Cutting transportat graft and tunnels for implantation were produced with the help of femtosecond laser. The data of visometry and keratotopography were evaluated. Results . As a result of the formation of the bandage, the functions of the eyes improved, and ectasia did not progress for 6 months. Visual acuity increased from 0.15 to 0.66, the average value of keratometry was 40.35 diopters, with the initial 44.8 diopters. The minimal corneal thickness remained at 440 µm. Conclusion . The proposed surgical technology BLOK allows to get an effective result in case of keratectasia after LASIK, which is manifested in improving visual functions, strengthening the cornea and normalizing its surface, as well as provides reduction of the further progression of keratectasia.


Figure 1. A six-year-old girl underwent successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe β-thalassemia in 1985. Before transplantation, the serum ferritin concentration was 4044 μg per liter and the serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations were respectively 6 and 13 times the upper level of the normal range. Liver biopsy showed severe iron overload (hepatic iron concentration, 24.74 mg per gram of liver, dry weight), chronic active hepatitis, and bridging fibrosis (Ishak histologic score, 3) (Panels A and B). Six years later, the patient was treated with 54 sequential phlebotomies to reduce iron overload. Ten years after transplantation, the . . .


The joint replenishment problem (JRP) is to determine the replenishment cycle times of a group of items over an infinite planning horizon. We investigated the JRP with cycle time constraints under general-integer policy that are popular in industries and can be extended to minimum order quantity, delivery frequency, and storage capacity constraints. Based on our theoretical analysis on the optimality solution structures, we categorized the items into four types and developed an efficient algorithm for solving this constrained JRP. Our numerical experiments demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is effective and performs better than the existing approaches in the literature.


The influence of Mach and Reynolds numbers as well as airfoil and planform geometry on the phenomenon of constant shock jump pressure coefficient for conditions of shock induced trailing edge separation (SITES) was studied. It was demonstrated that the phenomenon does exist for a wide variety of two and three dimensional flow cases and that the influence of free stream Mach number was not significant. The influence of Reynolds number was found to be important but was not strong. Airfoil and planform geometric characteristics were found to be very important where the pressure coefficient jump was shown to vary with the sum of: (1) airfoil curvature at the upper surface crest, and (2) camber surface slope at the trailing edge. It was also determined that the onset of SITES could be defined as a function of airfoil geometric parameters and Mach number normal to the leading edge. This onset prediction was shown to predict the angle of onset to within + or - 1 deg accuracy or better for about 90% of the cases studied.


Foliar applying low K rates as a supplement to broadcast application on low K soils can partially correct late season K deficiencies and increase cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lint yields. The objective of this study was to determine the economic effectiveness of supplementing 4yr of soil applied K 2 O with foliar K for conventional and no-tillage cotton on a low K soil. Data were obtained from field experiments conducted from 1991 to 1994 at the Ames Plantation Experiment Station of the University of Tennessee. Conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems with initial extractable K levels of 90 and 80 lb/acre (low) were evaluated. Experimental design for each tillage system was a split-plot arrangement of a randomized complete block Main plots were soil applied KCI rates of 0, 30, 60, and 120 lb K 2 O/acre applied to the same plots each year. Split-plots were foliar KNO 3 , foliar Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , and a check (nonfoliar). The foliar KNO 3 treatment received four applications of 4.4 lb K 2 O/acre starting at or shortly after bloom and applied on a 9-to-14-d interval. The foliar Ca(NO 3 ) 2 treatment received four applications of 1.4 lb N/acre equal to the N in the KNO 3 treatment. Net revenue gains per acre from foliar KNO 3 were calculated using yield response models estimated for each tillage system and year. For CT cotton at the mean 1985 to 1994 cotton lint price, net revenue gains per acre from foliar KNO 3 were positive, except in 1993 when they became negative for K 2 O rates greater than 66 lb/acre. Net revenue gains per acre were positive for NT cotton for 1991 and 1992, but for 1993 and 1994 they became negative for K 2 O rates greater than 76 lb/acre. Net revenue gains per acre for foliar Ca(NO 3 )2 were mostly negative for CT cotton, suggesting the yield response to foliar KNO 3 was from K rather than N. Foliar Ca(NO 3 ) 2 results for NT cotton indicated some response to the N in KNO 3 in 1992 and 1993. Economic analysis suggests that foliar KNO 3 can be profitable on low K soils even for high rates of soil applied K 2 O (120 lb/acre), but that foliar KNO 3 may no longer be economically justified for NT cotton after 3 or 4 yr of soil applied K 2 O rates greater than about 76 lb/acre per yr. This rate is lower than the 90 lb K 2 O/acre recommended for this soil. The results for CT cotton suggest that foliar KNO 3 may be profitable even after 4 yr of high soil applied K 2 O rates, but that poor growing conditions may reduce its effectiveness.


In this paper the tensile strength and modulus of cow dung powder filled glass- polyester hybrid composites were studied. Two different hybrid composites such as treated and untreated cow dung fibers were fabricated and effect of alkali treatment of the cow dung fibers on these properties were studied. It was observed that, tensile strength and modulus of the hybrid composites increases with increase of cow dung percentage of weight. These properties found to be higher when alkali treated cow dung fibers were used in the hybrid composites. The eradication of amorphous hemi-cellulose with alkali treatment leading to higher crystalline of the cow dung fibers with alkali treatment might responsible for these observations. The effect of alkali treatment on the bonding between glass / cow dung composites was also studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was also conducted on the cross sections of fractured surfaces.


Abstract A pilot study was performed to evaluate the safety and serological responses after co-administration of two multivalent inactivated vaccines to pregnant cattle. One vaccine was directed against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and contained antigens of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3) and Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh). The second vaccine targeted neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) and was composed of inactivated antigens of bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine coronavirus (BCV) and E. coli. The use of these combinations have been used more and more by veterinary practitioners as there exist some clear evidence that both vaccines improves the passive protection via the colostrum for the relevant pathogens. However, up until now, no safety or efficacy data has been available concerning such co-administrations. The safety of both vaccines and the serological responses to the BRD vaccine has been evaluated when used at the same time, but without mixing and compared to the responses to the administration of each vaccine independently. There was no evidence of any negative effect on calving or calf health in any of the vaccinated animals. The antibody levels against BRSV and Mh in the sera of the calves from cows vaccinated with both vaccines were not significantly different from the levels in the sera of calves vaccinated with the BRD vaccine alone. The results from this pilot study demonstrated that the co-administration of the two multivalent inactivated vaccines had no detrimental effect on the safety or serological responses to the BRD vaccine compared to the independent use of the vaccines.


Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a well‐defined nonmotor manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD), greatly impairs functioning and quality of life. However, the contribution of cerebral perfusion, quantified by arterial spin labeling (ASL), to MCI in PD remains poorly understood. The selection of an optimal delay time is difficult for single‐delay ASL, a problem which is avoided by multidelay ASL. This study uses a multidelay multiparametric ASL to investigate cerebral perfusion including cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial transit time (ATT) in early stage PD patients exhibiting MCI using a voxel‐based brain analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired on a 3.0 T system at rest in 39 early stage PD patients either with MCI (PD‐MCI, N = 22) or with normal cognition (PD‐N, N = 17), and 36 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls (HCs). CBF and ATT were compared among the three groups with SPM using analysis of variance followed by post hoc analyses to define regional differences and examine their relationship to clinical data. PD‐MCI showed prolonged ATT in right thalamus compared to both PD‐N and HC, and in right supramarginal gyrus compared to HC. PD‐N showed shorter ATT in left superior frontal cortex compared to HC. Prolonged ATT in right thalamus was negatively correlated with the category fluency test (p = .027, r = −0.495) in the PD‐MCI group. This study shows that ATT may be a more sensitive marker than CBF for the MCI, and highlights the potential role of thalamus and inferior parietal region for MCI in early stage PD.


Using isotope internal standard dilution technique,a candidate reference measurement procedure for 17β-estradiol in human serum involving ID-LCMS/MS has been developed.The estradiol and its internal standard were extracted from serum matrix using solid-phase extractions and derivatized with 10-ethyl acridone-2-sulfonyl chloride(EASC) prior to reversed-phase LC/MS/MS determination.Separation was performed on a Eclipse XDB-C18 column using gradient elution with acetonitrile and water.A thermo tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source operated in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode was utilized,and the results of determination were calculated from peak area ratios by the standard curve method based on the theory of isotope dilution analysis.The results of the ID-LC/MS/MS method for the analysis of 17β-estradiol in human serum samples are as follows,the within-run RSDs ranged from 0.29% to 0.73%,between-run RSDs ranged from 0.18% to0.28% and recoveries ranged between 99.6% and 100.16%.The results for the analysis of the IFCC RELA sample showed a bias less than 0.8%compared with the public results.That means our method can be a candidate reference method for the determination of 17β-estradiol in human serum.


Operative treatment for hemifacial refractory thalamic pain: a case study Shohei Noro, M.D., Hideaki Ishibashi, Ph.D., 2) Satoru Hiroshima, Ph.D., and Kyousuke Kamada, Ph.D. Department of Neurosurgery, Asahikawa Medical University Department of Neurosurgery, Fukuoka Kieikai Hospital Thalamic pain, which is primarily located in the face, is highly refractory, and there are few reports of effective medical and surgical treatments. Four months following a small infarction in the right thalamus, the patient felt severe burning pain on the left side of his face (V1-3 region, especially V2). The pain did not alleviate with medical treatment, and eventually operative treatment was performed at the urge of the patient. First, an electrode was inserted into the spinal epidural space of the superior cervical vertebrae to stimulate the trigeminal spinal nucleus. This test stimulus was only partly effective in that paresthesia was limited to an area from the mandible downward to the neck. Next, thalamotomy was planned, but no response was noted on stimulation of the face in response to somatotopy by electrical stimulation targeting the vicinity of the infarct lesion. After changing the target area to the small infarct lesion for reconstruction of the neural circuit and then performing coagulation, the patient's pain symptoms were dramatically ameliorated. This pain-relieving effect has persisted for more than two and a half years after the procedure.


Building the United Airlines terminal at Chicago`s O`Hare International Airport marked O`Hare`s entry into the ``Era of the Smart Building.`` Behind its aesthetically pleasing exterior lie the ``brains`` of Terminal 1, the only terminal at O`Hare with ``system-controllable equipment.`` A state-of-the-art indoor-air filtration system is one example of the so-called smart equipment. During the next two years, 82 new air-handling units similar to those used in Terminal 1 are scheduled to be installed. Regardless of where outdoor-air intakes are placed, simply increasing outside ventilation rates will not improve indoor air quality. It is necessary, instead, to clean the air. After outdoor air passes through bird screens and dampers, it enters a mixing chamber and forms a ratio of about 80 percent recirculated air and 20 percent outdoor air. The dirty air then passes through a three-stage purification process that removes up to 95 percent of airborne contaminants.


A new design concept in the development of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft with high forward flight speed capability is that of the X-wing. The X-wing is a stiff, bearingless helicopter rotor system that can be stopped in flight and the blades used as two forward-swept wings and two aft-swept wings. Because of the unusual configuration in the fixed-wing mode, there is a high potential for aeroelastic divergence or flutter and coupling of blade vibration modes with rigid-body modes. An aeroelastic stability analysis of an X-wing configuration aircraft was undertaken to determine whether these problems were likely. This paper reports on the results of dynamic stability analysis in the lateral and longitudinal directions, including the vehicle rigid-body and flexible modes. A static aeroelastic analysis using the normal vibration mode equations of motion was performed to determine the cause of a loss of longitudinal static margin with increasing airspeed. This loss of static margin was found to be due to aeroelastic wash in of the forward-swept blades and wash out of the aft-swept blades moving the aircraft aerodynamic center forward of the center of gravity. This phenomenon is likely to be generic to Xwing aircraft.


counts are made by examining the slide with a low power objective. Charts are made during the season and a number of peaks are noted, especially during the tree, grass and ragweed seasons. The highest peaks are found on sunny or windy days, especially on days following rain favourable to the pollination of plants. The marked irregularity of the charts often corresponds with the variation in symptoms displayed by patients from day to day during a given season. The article occupies three pages and is illustrated by several charts and tables. ANGUS A. CAMPBELL.


Due to the unbalancing state of current production lines,the workflow analysis method was used for analysis of the standard working time and operational method.In the paper,the production line loads were adjusted and the operational charts were standardized through time measure and process synchronism.Based on the standard man-hour,the assembly line operation instruction was produced.This paper provides an approach to improve production capacity and production efficiency for an enterprise.


Relativistic Hamiltonians are defined as the sum of relativistic one-body kinetic energies, two- and many-body interactions and their boost corrections. We review the calculation of the boost correction of the two-body interaction from commutation relations of the Poincar\'e group and show that its important terms can be easily understood from classical relativistic mechanics. The boost corrections for scalar- and vector-meson-exchange interactions, obtained from relativistic field theory, are shown to be in agreement with the results of the classical calculation. These boost corrections are also shown to be necessary to reproduce the known results of relativistic mean-field theories. We conclude with comments on the relativistic boost operator for the wave function of a nucleus. Some of the results presented in this article are known. We hope that a better understanding of relativistic Hamiltonians and their relation to relativistic field theory is obtained by putting them together with the new relations.


Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) risk and utilization of HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) among health workers of governmental health institutions in Butajira town, Southern, Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted at Butajira Hospital and Health Center from July to September 2017. A total of 114 Health professionals were selected using simple random sampling technique. Socio-demography and associated factors was collected using structured questionnaires. Result: Among health professionals enrolled in this study 71 (62.3%) were nurses, 14 (12.3%) midwives, 9 (7.9%) physicians, 11 (9.6%) laboratory technician/technologist, 8(7%) health officers and 1(0.9%) emergency surgeons. The observed rate of exposure to blood showed that 44.7%, nonblood body fluid 37.7% and needle stick injury 42.7%. Among exposed 6.9% were utilized PEP. The odds of PEP utilization was 8 times (COR=8.42, 95% CI=1.41-50.07) higher among those who trained on PEP than who did not trained. Conclusion and Recommendation: The finding of this study indicates that, health professional in developing countries are highly exposed for blood and needle injury due to lack of safety system regulation in routine activities and in contrary only few of them are implement HIV PEP service. Therefore, health institution in such area needs to revise health worker safety regulation system in order to effectively integrate with routine activities. In addition all health workers need be regularly refreshing their knowledge of factors leads for exposure and exercise proper implementation following exposure.


Abstract : Australia's election of a new Labor Government in late November 2007 was viewed by many observers as marking the end of a golden era in that country's security alliance with the United States. During his 11-plus years in office, Australian Prime Minister John Howard cultivated a uniquely intimate relationship with Washington, DC. This was particularly true since the George W. Bush administration assumed office in early 2001 and major terrorist attacks were launched within the United States on September 11 of that year. By the time he was defeated in Australia's November 2007 election, many observers felt that Howard had positioned his country to be among the United States' three or four most important allies. For a country of just over 20 million people, this represents a remarkable achievement in the management of national security policy. In the 2004 election, Howard successfully portrayed the Labor Party's Opposition Leader Mark Latham as anti-American and as someone who could not adequately manage the alliance. Sensitive to this, the Labor Party's 2007 National Platform pledged that if it was elected to government, it would manage the alliance relationship with the United States as "one of Australia's great national assets" and "continue to build on this excellent relationship..." This report examines John Howard's relations with the Clinton administration and the Bush administration, Kevin Rudd's election victory over Howard, and speculation over the future of Australia-United States ties at a critical time in the history of both countries. The author briefly examines various issues that could affect this alliance: climate change and the Kyoto Protocol, Japanese whaling in the Southern Ocean off the coast of Antarctica, future Australian involvement in the war against international terrorism, arms control vs. preemption, deterrence and defense as a means of securing the Asia-Pacific region, multilateral security diplomacy, and Sino-Australian relations.


In the framework of wideband wireless local area networks (WWLAN), spread spectrum techniques are a viable solution for uncoordinated multi-user communications. Here, frequency hopping is considered for its less stringent power control requirements with respect to direct sequence. In particular, the generation of side information to allow errors-and-erasures decoding of Reed-Solomon codes in frequency hopping multiple access communications is addressed. Symbols are erased following a Bayesian decision rule (BDR). New expressions are given for the erasure decision function in Rice fading conditions for both synchronous and asynchronous hopping. The performance sensitivity with respect to the Rice factor is studied, and compared to that of the ratio-threshold test (RTT). It is found that while BDR a's more robust than RTT for the synchronous case, the opposite seems to hold in the asynchronous case.


AbstractIn court interpreting, the law distinguishes between the prescribed activity of what it considers translation - defined as an objective, mechanistic, transparent process in which the interpreter acts as a mere conduit of words - and the proscribed activity of interpretation, which involves interpreters decoding and attempting to convey their understanding of speaker meanings and intentions. This article discusses the practicability of this cut-and-dried legal distinction between translation and interpretation and speculates on the reasons for its existence. An attempt is made to illustrate some of the moral dilemmas that confront court interpreters, and an argument is put forward for a more realistic understanding of their role and a major improvement in their professional status; as recognized professionals, court interpreters can more readily assume the latitude they need in order to ensure effective communication in the courtroom.


The interaction between the geomagnetic and interplanetary magnetic fields is studied through its effects upon the intensities of solar electrons reaching the polar caps during times of strongly anisotropic electron fluxes in the magnetosheath. During the particle event of November 18, 1968, electrons of solar origin were observed outside the magnetopause with detectors aboard OGO-5. Correlative studies of these satellite observations and concurrent measurements by riometers and ionospheric forward scatter systems in both polar regions revealed that the initial stage of the associated polar cap absorption event is attributable to the arrival of solar electrons. Evidence of a north-south asymmetry in the solar electron flux, at a time when the interplanetary magnetic field vector was nearly parallel with the ecliptic plane, supports an open magnetospheric model. The analysis indicates that an anisotropic electron flux may be isotropized at the magnetopause before propagating into the polar regions.


Apart from some protests, most ordinary Russians have not overtly opposed their country's invasion of Ukraine, but nor do they appear to support it enthusiastically. Long-term ethnographic research in the country suggests that Russians have entered a phase of "defensive consolidation," a psychological means of coping with a state that does little for their welfare and has now left the country largely isolated with its military aggression against its closest neighbor. In the search for lost collective purpose since the collapse of the Soviet Union, patriotism is imbued with nostalgia and desperation.


It has long been recognized that wild vegetation are sort of improving fitness. Many peoples are now ingesting them instead of the vegetables that are grown in green house. In this regard, Parasenecio firmus, which is considered to be one of the rare species in Korea, has been given a lot of attentions as edible green plants recently. Hence it may be necessary to provide the information people who want to commercially cultivate the plants. Regarding appropriate forest stands that are fit for the cultivation. Firstly, we collected the seeds from 4 natural habitats to find out how many seeds are fully matured in the natural conditions. The quality of the seeds collected were found to be very low. However, it appeared as clear differences when screened seeds were grown in covered seed beds over winter. In this case the germination rate of the seeds was 95%, indicating that there may be no difficulty for mass production of plantlets. Secondly, in the field of planting test in an appropriate cultivating site among 6 of forest stands, those in Pinus koraiensis stand were the highest in survival rate, but somewhat low with those in Quercus mongolica and broad-leaved stands. Thus, it was demonstrated that forest stands dominated with conifer like P. koraiensis are more appropriate for the cultivation of P. firums.


The Nihon University International Symposium in Tokyo held March 4-7 was about life on earth in the 21st century. It was attended by 300 people. Dr. Nafis Sadik, executive director of UNFPA, gave an overview of the global population situation, noting that environmental degradation is closely linked to population issues as well as the issues of uneven development, poverty, income disparities, wasteful consumption, and gender inequality. The consumption of natural resources, which varies from country to country, is at the heart of the population-environment relationship. The UNFPA has always placed women at the center of its population and development programming. Dr. Sadik explained that the UNFPA's work in developing countries reflects an awareness of the interactions between women's status and environmental, population, and development factors.


fmincon Find a minimum of a constrained nonlinear multivariable function subject to where x, b, beq, lb, and ub are vectors, A and Aeq are matrices, c(x) and ceq(x) are functions that return vectors, and f(x) is a function that returns a scalar. f(x), c(x), and ceq(x) can be nonlinear functions. Description fmincon finds a constrained minimum of a scalar function of several variables starting at an initial estimate. This is generally referred to as constrained nonlinear optimization or nonlinear programming. x = fmincon(fun,x0,A,b) starts at x0 and finds a minimum x to the function described in fun subject to the linear inequalities A*x <= b. x0 can be a scalar, vector, or matrix. x = fmincon(fun,x0,A,b,Aeq,beq) minimizes fun subject to the linear equalities Aeq*x = beq as well as A*x <= b. Set A=[] and b=[] if no inequalities exist. defines a set of lower and upper bounds on the design variables, x, so that the solution is always in the range lb <= x <= ub. Set Aeq=[] and beq=[] if no equalities exist.


During the last decade, firm-level entrepreneurship as an important phenomenon that may influence the corporate performance, attracted the attention of many researchers and a number of measurements ...


This spectrographic procedure using the A.C. Spark, point to plane technique was developed for speed and simplicity while still maintaining a high degree of accuracy in the routine analysis of plain carbon, low alloy and stainless steels.


The handball one of the games which develops in every day because they continue of researches to develop the handball skills. We see the most basic handball skills depend in its performance on accuracy, for example shooting, passing and others so we should benefit from all Error Measures which correlate in accuracy so all attempt to perform the skill correlate with some error. The problem of research included the weakness in the performance of some of shooing types for juniors in handball training center of Babylon city, so the researcher prepared teaching curriculum according to the parameters error. The aims of study : 1- knowing the effect of teaching curriculum in improve the accuracy performance of some shooting types.2- knowing the developing percent of accuracy performance some shooting types .The hypotheses of study :1-The teaching curriculum positively effect in development of accuracy performance of some shooting types.2-There are different percent of developing accuracy of perform some shooting types .The study areas : 1-Human area : The junior players of handball training center in Babylon city .2-Temporal area : from 16/12/2011 to 18/2/2012 . 3- Spatial area: The indoor hall in Babylon city .The subjects were (20) juniors from the training center for handball in Babylon. The age ranged between (15-16) years they were divided into two equal groups, each group of (10) players. The first group was control and the second group was experimental, which used the teaching curriculum .They completed all the (18) teaching units. Three units a week. The important conclusions: The used Error Measures in prepare teaching curriculum lead to positive effect in development of accuracy performance of some shooting types in handball.


Combining gene targeting of animal somatic cells with nuclear transfer technique has provided a powerful method to produce transgenic animal mammary gland bioreactor. The objective of this study is to make an efficient and reproducible gene targeting in goat fetal fibroblasts by inserting the exogenous htPAm cDNA into the beta‐casein locus with liposomes or electroporation so that htPAm protein might be produced in gene‐targeted goat mammary gland. By gene‐targeting technique, the exogenous htPAm gene was inserted to milk goat beta‐casein gene sequences. Fetal fibroblasts were isolated from Day 35 fetuses of Guanzhong milk goats, and transfected with linear gene‐targeting vector pGBC4htPAm using Lipefectamin™‐2000 and electoporation, respectively. Forty‐eight gene‐targeted cell colonies with homologous recombination were obtained, and three cell colonies were verified by DNA sequence analysis within the homologous recombination region. Using gene‐targeted cell lines as donor cells for nuclear transfer, a total of 600 reconstructed embryos had been obtained, and 146 developed cloned embryos were transferred to 16 recipient goats, and finally three goats showed pregnancy at Day 90. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 428–434, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


I am very pleased to be given the opportunity to discuss Professor Seligman's paper. I find the paper beautifully written and extremely interesting. It touches on many relevant issues in terms of developmental psychology, differential psychopathology, and clinical technique. In this discussion I try to concentrate on one important clinical point: What constitutes psychic change? Seligman's technique to create "corrective engagements" by bringing "actions" like changes in the payment contract and "metaphors" like the Joan of Arc story and book, did facilitate intellectual development and some kind of emotional resonance, but I think they also acted more as a kind of comforters (Winnicott, 1985) that neutralized the emotional explosions and implosions (Kleimberg, 2006) that Harriet would have had to endure to truly have an experience of disillusionment, separation, and identification with the object if she were to truly develop an emotional symbolic function that would facilitate long-lasting states of mentalization and reflective functioning. I value Seligman's contribution enormously. He is opening up a valuable window to explore and think about areas of psychopathology that are difficult to understand and treat. At the same time, I want to be cautious about introducing new psychoanalytic techniques that can be misused by our colleagues by assuming that these new techniques have produced or can produce the necessary deep, internal, and long-lasting psychic change that we all struggle to achieve with all patients, particularly with these difficult narcissistic and character disorder borderline ones. This type of technique could be useful for patients who we feel have no chance of being helped with our current analytic repertoire and perhaps by accepting at the same time that achieving this type of fragile and incomplete type of mentalization is as much as can be expected from them.


and Shivji, M. S. Ontogenetic partial migration is associated with environmental drivers and influences fisheries interactions in a marine predator. –


In this paper we study the saving behaviour of U.S.A. households. We use micro data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey from 1982 to 1995. We employ synthetic cohort techniques to characterize the life cycle profile of saving rates and other variables of interest. In particular, we pay attention to the distinction between mandatory saving and discretionary saving. We then relate our evidence to the recent policy debate on saving incentives and their usefulness.


A prominent human geographer, introducing a series of papers in a Eurasian Geography and Economics mini-symposium devoted to China's emergence, surveys the myriad global impacts of that country's rapid recent rise. The topics covered include the economic (i.e., rapid growth in the size of China's economy, preeminence as an exporter of manufactured goods, and role as a major natural resource consumer, overseas investor, and purchaser of U.S. debt obligations), the geopolitical (increasing involvement in international organizations, rising assertiveness in defense of territorial claims), and the environmental (e.g., carbon footprint, accelerated urbanization, dam building), as well as the implications of China's rise for the study of geography and development. He argues that assessment of the consequences of the country's emergence should not be based on simple extrapolation of present trends, but must take into account a number of looming questions relating to the competitiveness of China's manufacturing labor force (vis-à-vis other developing countries), capacity to innovate (as well as imitate), and transformative societal impacts of modernization and development.