This research is to find out that crossword puzzle teaching strategy gives a significant effect towards students' vocabulary mastery at SMA Amir Hamzah Medan. The crossword puzzle is a kind of word game which can improve the learners to enrich their vocabulary knowledge. The research design used is pre-experimental design formed as one group pretest- posttest design using quantitative approach. The data collecting method is test. The research data are analyzed by applying paired samples t-test formula through SPSS 23 and the result of the research shows that the value of the t-count is 51,700, while the t-table with the significance level of 5% and Df of 12 is 2,179. The t-count is higher than the t-table (51,700>2,179). This  means that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected while the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. In conclusion, there is a significant effect towards students' vocabulary mastery before and after having taught by the utilization of crossword puzzle teaching strategy at SMA Amir Hamzah Medan.


A motorist assistance program has been operating in Massachusetts since 1995 to assist stranded motorists on selected freeway routes during the morning and evening peak periods. The program covers 21 major routes throughout the state, with one van, fully equipped to handle the majority of incidents encountered assigned to each route. To evaluate the program's effectiveness a comprehensive analysis of a set of performance measures was carried out. The analysis consisted of simulating the program's impact on each route category for all time periods and incident types. Benefit to cost ratios were calculated for each route and for the program as a whole. The program's benefits far exceed the costs: the average value of the benefit to cost ratio is 19:1, whereas the values for the different routes range from 3:1 to 58:1. Overall, the program provides significant benefits in terms of reduction of travel time, fuel consumption, and emission of pollutants. The analysis results were also used to design an improved operations scheme on the routes that are served.


The article is devoted to the development of the artistic exhibitions in Saint-Petersburg, becoming wide-spread due to public initiatives in the second half of the 19th beginning of the 20th centuries.


The sciatic nerve begins in pelvis and normally leaves the pelvis by passing through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle. Normally it terminates at the superior angle of the popliteal fossa by dividing into the tibial and common peroneal nerve. However, it may rarely be terminated within the pelvis. In such cases, the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve may leave the pelvis through different routes. These variations may cause nerve compressions under other anatomic structures, resulting in non-discogenic sciatica. The aim of present study was to define the relationship between the sciatic nerve and the piriformis muscle. 100 gluteal regions were examined in 50 properly embalmed adult male cadavers. In 96%of the cases, the exit of sciatic nerve from the pelvis was observed as a whole nerve without any division, whereas in 4% of the cases, the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve left the pelvis through the infra piriform foramen and common peroneal branch through the piriformis muscle. The differences in the exit routes of these two nerves are important in clarifying the clinical etiology of non discogenic sciatica. Keywords- Greater sciatic foramen, Piriformis syndrome, Sciatica, Anatomic variation,


This review of Non-State Actors in International Law, edited by Math Noortmann, August Reinisch and Cedric Ryngaert (Hart Publishing, 2015), focuses on the constraints of state-centric approaches in accurately depicting the role and status of non-state actors in the international arena. As the book presents a comprehensive examination of the influence of diverse entities in a variety of fields, such limitations are evidenced and inevitably lead to the reassessment of novel theoretical standpoints, as well as to the recognition that a multidisciplinary approach is much needed in order to advance further studies on the issue.


This paper presents CFD-simulations of different diffuser elements used in valve-less diffuser pumps and nozzle elements used in dynamic micropumps. The results are compared with measurements and with analytic expressions based on empirical results known from basic fluid mechanics. The working principles of the diffuser element in the valve-less diffuser pump and the nozzle-element in the dynamic micropump are investigated.


Camera pose estimation from an image has long been a very active research for Video/GIS registration. Different from traditional methods which are based on direct building feature matching, this paper presents an alternative method which uses an overall Skyline feature to determine the camera's orientation. Through our skyline matching method we find out a way to transform an image/model matching problem into a curve matching problem which significantly reduced the computation complexity and make it a possible solution for real-time applications. 1 Introduction


A low-power low-cost polar transmitter for EDGE is designed in 0.18μm CMOS. A differential delta-sigma modulator (DSM) tunes a three-terminal voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to perform RF phase modulation, where the VCO tuning curve is digitally pre-compensated for high linearity and the carrier frequency is calibrated by a dual-mode lowpower frequency-locked loop (FLL). A digital intermediate-frequency (IF) pulse-width5 modulator (PWM) drives a complementary power-switch followed by an LC filter to achieve envelope modulation with high efficiency. The proposed transmitter with 9mW power dissipation relaxes the time alignment between the phase and envelope modulations, and achieves an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 4% and phase noise of ?123dBc/Hz at 400kHz offset frequency.


Understood as a proper foundation of collective or social life, the idea of network can be characterized, in general, as a communicative and informational system capable of dynamizing actions and interactions between individuals, groups, institutions, cities and countries. Despite being a technology with ambivalent potential since any social agent can use it, its use in the field of cultural production has led governments and international agencies to encourage the so-called networking. The potentialities of inclusion, democratic participation and mutual benefit have been some of the justifications for encouraging this systemic practice. Manuel Gama proposes that in networking the individual affects and is affected, being the subject and subjected. In this present interview, this notion of network reflects the way Gama identified his studies with initiatives that took place in Portugal and, later, in other countries. Discovering how a cultural network operates seems to be his greatest asset in understanding the opportunities and particularities of culture.


Depersonalization/derealization disorder is not commonly known. A nursing student experienced depersonalization/derealization attack just as she was taking her pharmacology examination at the end of the first year of nursing school. She was brought up in a supportive family. She reports no history of abuse or substance use. She succeeded well in high school and have had no serious panic episodes throughout her childhood and teen years. Jennifer tells the story of how on April 24th, 2017 her life changed.


In this paper, the method and application effect of 3D seismic exploration and electrical complex surveying in detecting the structure collapsed column are introduced.


Citrus fruit is one of the major traditional agricultural products of Egypt. Constraints to fruit production are mainly related to tree decline caused by infection with viroids (Hadidi et al., 2003). The group II viroids, including Hop …


Language as a source of communication can also be a form of establishing an identity and setting barriers to communication. This article presents one example of such barriers in a major national language: Vietnamese. The Vietnamese language is one of the markers of identity that Vietnamese often claim as the distinguishing feature of their culture, particularly its use of tone. As an assimilative culture changing rapidly due to its absorption into the global, urban economy, the Vietnamese language is now one of the only fixed identity markers of the Vietnamese. This may be why the Vietnamese now seek to establish it as both a symbol and a barrier. As an American anthropologist I critically examine the Vietnamese perception of their language and its role among other identity markers in creating boundaries between Vietnamese and outsiders as an example of how stronger markers of ethnicity that promote cultural survival and sustainability are replaced by shallow markers reinforced by mythologies.


In this paper, we will present the results of the 850nm implanted and oxide-confined vertical cavity surface emitting lasers in multi-Gigabit application. In TrueLight, we have a lot of experience in manufacturing VCSEL with ion-implantation and wet-oxidation technologies for single device Gigabit data transmission application. The ion-implanted VCSEL is reliable with the Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) up to 108 hours at room temperature operation. For the gigabit Ethernet data communication, it provides a very promising solution in short haul application. In transmission experiment we demonstrated the devices could be modulated up to 2.5Gbps and 3.2Gbps data rate. For oxide-confined VCSEL devices, we use wet oxidation technology to approach the device processing and get very good result to achieve the mutli-gigabit data communication application in single device form. The VCSEL device with oxide aperture around 12um could be modulated up to 2.5Gbps and 3.2Gbps. A data of employing VCSEL in high data rate POF transmission is also presented.


Objective To study the status of anxillary lymph node dissection and post-operative complications with different techniques to dissect the breast cancer. Moth-ods Between Mar. 2006 and Feb. 2008, 136 patients with breast cancer were randomly divided into two equal groups. In the A group, the patients were operated with type Ⅰ method and in the latter they were operated with type Ⅱ method. The status of anxillary lymph node dissection and post-operative complications were compared. Results There are significant differences in grade Ⅲ anxillary lymph node dissection and swollen limbs in two groups. The operative complication was disappear quickly after treatment. Conclusion Type Ⅱ method could clean more grade Ⅲ anxillary lymph nodes compare with type Ⅰ and it might improve the patient's prognosis.

Key words:
Reast cancer; Sugery treatment; Lymph node metastasis


These methods are not entirely satisfactory and suffer from one disadvantage or the other. For example, most of the reductants are not susceptable to aerial oxidation and hence required special apparatus for their storage under inert atmosphere. Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) is well known as a oxidant particularly in alkaline medium and useful oxidemetric titrant known from a long time Berkaz determination of HCF(III) iron(II) in phosphoric acid medium2 for the first time not succeed in developing a visual end-point method using a redox indicator, because of the reported formation of a deep blue colour during the titration. We have now developed a direct visual end-point method for the determination of HCF(III) with iron(II) in presence of pyrophosphate and acetic acid medium employing thiazine dyes used as redox indicators keeping zinc sulphate in the rection medium to prevent the formation of blue colour during the titration. The method now developed does not suffer from any of the disadvantages associated with the earlier methods


We have studied the effects of relative mole ratios of the reactant precursors in the one-phase synthesis of alkaneselenoate- and alkanethiolate-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Specifically, we prepared a series of dodecaneselenoate (DDSe)- and dodecanethiolate (DDT)-functionalized gold nanoparticles using four different Se/Au and S/Au mole ratios in reactant mixtures at two different reaction temperatures employing three different solvents. In all cases, the synthesis relied on the reduction of H[AuCl4], in the presence of dodecanethiol (DDT) and didodecyl diselenide (DD2Se2) using lithium triethylborohydride (superhydride) as the reducing agent. Nanoparticle formation, structure, and bonding characteristics were investigated using a combination of transmission electron microscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Passivation by alkyl selenide was more efficient and was characterized by greater chain ...


To the Editor.— Thermal injury is associated with various aberrations of immunologic responsiveness. 1 Of interest are observations of antiepithelial antibodies, 1-7 their relationship to the extent of injury, 1 and their possible causes and importance. 1 The report by Bystryn in the OctoberArchives(113:1380-1382, 1977) of the clinical importance of basal cell layer (BCL) antibodies and reference to their presence in patients with burns suggested that further commentary on the incidence of BCL antibodies in such patients would be of interest. A comparison of the incidence of BCL antibodies in studies of the serums of patients with burns by indirect immunofluorescence is presented in the accompanying Table. As shown, BCL antibodies were present in 18 (12%) of 177 serum samples evaluated. Except for BCL antibodies in two of three patients described by Ackermann-Schopf et al, 7 their highest incidence was noted in a recent study of 27 children,


An integrated micropress was developed for ultrafine piercing of metallic foils by a SiC fiber punch. The fiber punch was produced by a series of processes that use buffing and electrolysis operations. The technology incorporates unique tooling and fixturing techniques to handle delicate pinholes, apertures, collimators, and air slits to allow a repeatable manufacturing process with minimal part handling. Since the diagnostic pinholes may be very thin or small in size, it is critical that there is minimal human intervention from the start to the final process of the piercing operation. Selection of materials, design of the integrated micropress, and performance of the system are discussed in detail. The performance of the technique was tested on three kinds of metal foils that have various thickness and strength. A 17-μm-thick aluminum foil was tested as an example of a high aspect ratio and low strength, a 15-μm-thick beryllium copper for a high strength, and an 8 μm stainless steel for a hard-to-form materials. Observations of the scanning electron microscope show that every hole was truly round with the sheared surface being smooth and burr free. Based on the measurements of the punch force and punch stroke, the material behavior in the ultrafine piercing process resembled that of the normal punching process, with a strong dependence on the material properties and the aspect ratio. The SiC fiber was found to be a secure ultrafine punch, with sufficient strength that can produce truly round holes particularly in smaller sizes.


A new class of anabolic substances includes different saponins, originated from Leuzea rhaponticum sp. The effect of these substances on the human body was studied by caliperometric measurements of body folds. All tested substances taken orally for three weeks diminished fat content under conditions of daily aerobic-anaerobic training. Ekdisten and Prime Plus (combination of ekdisten and pure protein) elevated the muscle mass. The same effect of leventon was less pronounced. We showed that all substances studied elevated the magnitude of "total work", estimated per 1 kg of body weight. Ekdisten and Prime Plus again appeared to be most efficient. The prospects of using the saponins in sport medicine are discussed.


The availability of silver in varying water quality conditions such as chloride content, hardness, alkalinity, total organic carbon and pH was investigated during a test to measure acute toxicity to Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas. Water quality parameter treatments included four chloride concentrations (3, 10, 20, 40, mg/L), two hardness treatments (100, 200 Mg CaCO{sub 3}/L), four humic acid concentrations (0, 2, 5, 10 mg/L), a pH of 7.5, and alkalinity at 2 {times} 10{sup {minus}3} eq/L. Varying silver concentrations were added to,each treatment. Total silver concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Analytical procedures to determine water quality conditions followed modified ASTM methods. Water quality effects on free and bound silver will be discussed.


The two-electron-one photon transitions(TET) are measured in 75MeV Ni^+q+Cu collisons.The KK-vacancy sharing ratio RKK is deduced,which is in agreement with the theoretical prediction of Lennard.The emission energy of TET is slightly larger than twice the correspoding K transition energy.


Theoretical X-ray powder patterns for (1) illite/air dried montmorillonite interstratification, and (2) illite/ethylene glycol treated montmorillonite one are presented. The mean number of layers and its standard deviation are fixed at N=10 and ƒÐ=2.0 respectively. Their basal spacings expected are collected in the table.


This study investigates the influence of external forcings on the various summer hot drought events (SHDEs) over northeastern China (NEC). SHDEs are represented by the probability‐based index (PI), which considers precipitation and temperature anomalies. The results show that SHDEs over NEC increased from 1961 to 2005, and the experiments for historical forcing (ALL), increased greenhouse gases emission forcing (GHG), and anthropogenic forcing (ANT) can largely reproduce the spatial and temporal features of the trends of SHDEs over NEC. Based on the optimal fingerprinting method, the impact of increased anthropogenic activities can be detected at the 90% confidence level. In addition, the attributable changes of PI in response to GHG and ANT forcings resemble the observation, implying that the increasing trends of SHDEs over NEC are primarily attributed to the increased anthropogenic activity. Furthermore, the occurrence probability of SHDEs over NEC will be further increased under different Representative Concentration Pathways in the future. Additional strict control regulations on GHG emissions are thus suggested to mitigate its impact on regional climate changes.


Total peroxidase activity was 16% higher in the cerebellar tissue than in cerebral cortex (p<.005) in both experimental and control groups. Measured peroxidase activity includes both intravascular and extravascular compartments. Since tissue samples taken for peroxidase measurements include the rich vasculature of the pia, and since the amount of pia per unit brain tissue is much higher in the cerebellum, it is possible that the higher total peroxidase activity in cerebellum merely represents its larger pial compartment. However, histological measurement of leakage sites did not include leaks that were associated with the pial vasculature, but only intraparenchymatous sites. The number of leakage sites was very low in all samples, in keeping with the normal status of the BBB, but was consistently 50% higher in cerebellum compared with cerebrum (p«0.001). This difference was seen in both experimental and control groups. This apparent leakiness of cerebellar vasculature, compared to cerebral cortex, should be further investigated. It is intriguing to speculate that an increase in BBB leakiness might be associated with the well-known vulnerability of the cerebellum to bloodborne toxins. J. Neiman L. Resch PL. Car I en Playfair Neuroscience Institute University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario


The Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 triggered huge tsunami waves that attacked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (Fukushima-1). Units 1, 3, and 4 had hydrogen explosions. Units 1, 2, and 3 had core meltdowns and released a large amount of radioactive material. Published investigation reports did not explain how the severity of the accident could have been prevented. We formed a study group to find what preparations at Fukushima-1 could have avoided the severity of the accident. We concluded that the severity could have been avoided if the plant had prepared a set of equipment, and had exercised actions to take against such tsunami. Necessary preparation included (1) A number of DC batteries, (2) Portable underwater pumps, (3) Portable AC generators with sufficient gasoline supply, (4) High voltage AC power trucks, and (5) Drills against extended loss of all electric power and seawater pumps. The most important preparation was item (5), i.e., to study plans and carry out exercises against huge tsunami. That alone would have identified all other necessary preparations.


Monthly length-frequency data, from 2009 to 2014, was used to estimate the growth parameters, mortality, and spawning season, and to assess the exploitation status of Thryssa vitrirostris (Engraulidae) fisheries in Pebane. The von Bertalanffy asymptotic length (L∞) and growth rate (K) were 25.1 cm (standard length) and 0.41 per year (standard length), respectively. Two proxy recruitment peaks were found: the first peak of recruitment occurs from April to July, and the second recruitment peak from September to October. The total estimated mortality rates (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F) were Z = 1.31, M = 0.92, and F = 0.39. For the beach seine gear, the size at first catch of T. vitrirostris was Lc25 = 4.43 cm. The 50% retention size of the catch was Lc50 = 5.39 cm. The retention probability analyses revealed a large rate of juvenile fishing mortality (54.2%). The estimated exploitation rate (0.30) was below the maximum exploitation rate (0.48), and above the optimal sustainable exploitation rate (E50 = 0.28), evidencing a sustainable fishery. However, under such an exploitation regime, it is advised that a continuously monitoring-survey of T. vitrirostris is maintained. An increase in migration of fishermen has been recently recorded in Pebane, due to its rich fisheries, which can increase the fishing effort and the risk of overexploitation if management measures (such as mesh size increase) are not taken in advance.


The purpose of study is to exam the ecotourism motivations of visitors, and analyze the relationship between motivations and environmental attitude and quality of life. For achieving the purposes, three hypotheses were suggested. Questionnaire survey was conducted from 14th August to 28th, 2014. In total, 299 corespondent was participated during the survey. In the consequences of this research, three hypotheses were tested. They were partly significant differences between ecotourism motivations of visitors, and analyze the relationship between motivations and environmental attitude and quality of life. In conclusion further recommendations for developing Gyung-po Gasiyeon Wetland was made.


The kinetics of disappearance of oxygen atoms in the presence of sulfur dioxide at 299 +- 2/sup 0/K and total pressure 0.7 to 3 torr have been determined using e.s.r. spectrometry to measure the concentration of atoms. The most direct interpretation of the data leads to the mean values k = (2.7 +- 0.5) x 10/sup 15/ cm/sup 6/ mole/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/, k = (2.4 +- 0.15) x 10/sup 15/ cm/sup 6/ mole/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/, and k = (10 +- 4) x 10/sup 15/ cm/sup 6/ mole/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/ respectively for the rate constants of the reactions O + SO/sub 2/ + O/sub 2/ ..-->.. SO/sub 3/ + O/sub 2/, O + SO/sub 2/ + Ar ..-->.. SO/sub 3/ + Ar, O + SO/sub 2/ + SO/sub 2/ ..-->.. SO/sub 3/ + SO/sub 2/.


The aim of this work was to study the effect of a long term enriched diet with polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (PUFA) on endocrine and embryo development of rabbit females at preimplantation time. Multiparous rabbits does (n = 28) with two previous parturitions were fed ad libitum during all their productive life with two supplemented diets with different fat sources: 30 g/kg mixed fat for the control diet (group C; n = 14) or 60 g/kg of a salmon oil supplement containing a 50% ether extract and 35% of total fatty acids as PUFA n-3 (group P; n = 14). After 84 h from artificial insemination, all does were euthanized to determine the embryo development and a blood sample was taken to determine plasma progesterone concentration. Neither embryo development nor plasma progesterone was affected by diet. In conclusion, a long-time of PUFA supplementation as a dietary intervention had no effect on reproductive and hormonal responses at early pregnancy in rabbit does.


Objective To explore the extraction and identification of total flavanone of solanum nigrum, so as to make use of solanum nigrum.Methods The flavonoids were extracted by ethanol as the solvent from solanum nigrum with ultrasonic wave. The extracted flavonoids were identified and the content was determined by spectrophotography.Results The content of total flavonoids of solanum nigrum was C=0.720 0 mg/mL, and the recovery rate was 103.1%. The purity and productivity of this method are both high.Conclusion This method is purely physical process with no pollution. It is an effective way to extract the flavonoids of solanum nigrum.


A study is presented on changes in the structure and the chemical composition of antimony-doped semiconducting glazes before and after exposure to AC and DC electric fields in outdoor conditions and in the laboratory using the rotating-wheel-dip (RWD) test. Surface sensitive techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS) were employed to characterize the materials. Aging in the form of crater building, surface cracking and pitting as well as formation of a tin oxide rich layer took place under both AC and DC exposure. However, the damage was much more severe under DC voltage. Similar aging changes could be obtained in the laboratory after only a few days of the RWD test. In the field, leakage currents were monitored for evaluating the electrical performance of the samples. On new samples, the currents varied only slightly depending on weather conditions. However, during rainfall periods the leakage currents on samples exposed to DC voltage for a longer period were significantly increased compared to the new state, while the currents on AC exposed samples remained unchanged. No flashovers occurred during the 4-month testing. Thermal runaway on samples exposed to DC voltage in the field caused the appearance of black spots in the glaze. Their origin and chemical composition are still under investigation.


The invention relates to a fiber grating wavelength synchronous demodulation system with a distance measurement function. The fiber grating wavelength synchronous demodulation system with the distance measurement function comprises a frequency conversion scanning laser instrument which can scan periodically in the range of a set wavelength, an optical multi-wavelength reference source, a scanning laser instrument output branching unit set, a multipath second photoelectric detector, a plurality of synchronous collectors, and an operation processing unit. The operation processing unit controls a scanning filter of the frequency conversion scanning laser instrument to successively work in two different scanning cycles, wavelength values of fiber gratings in the two different scanning cycles are demodulated, an accurate distance of optical fiber transmission is calculated according to the difference between two scanning triangular wave cycles sent by a stored program control signal source preset by the operation processing unit and the demodulated wavelength values of the fiber gratings, and then fiber grating wavelength demodulation error introduced by the optical fiber transmission distance is corrected, and therefore accurate spatial orientation and accurate wavelength demodulation of a fiber grating sensor are achieved. The fiber grating wavelength synchronous demodulation system with the distance measurement function has the advantages of being simple in structure, low in cost, and wide in application range.


In earlier work it was found that the addition of excess of vitamin A (10 i.u./ml.) to the culture medium produces drastic changes in embryonic limb-bones and skin in organ culture. The matrix of cartilage (mouse, chick) and bone (mouse) rapidly disappears (Fell & Mellanby, 1952; Fell, Mellanby, & Pelc, 1956) and in the epidermis of skin from 7 to 18-day chick embryos (Fell & Mellanby, 1953; Fell, 1957; Pelc & Fell, 1960) keratinization is immediately arrested and a remarkable mucous metaplasia appears. In a previous paper (Fell & Thomas, 1961) it was shown that when hydrocortisone (7·5 μg./ml.) is added together with vitamin A, resorption of intercellular material is greatly retarded in the explanted limb-bone rudiments. The present experiments were undertaken to see whether the hormone would also inhibit the metaplastic effect produced by vitamin A in the epidermis of embryonic chicken skin in vitro.


Economic cooperation between countries in the ASEAN region aims to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development. In the dynamics of its development, ASEAN economic cooperation is directed at the formation of an ASEAN Economic Community, whose implementation is relatively faster than cooperation in the fields of politics, security and socioculture. However, during the current Covid-19 pandemic, the economy in the world and especially in Southeast Asia has been disturbed, by seeing this condition, the author wants to express ideas and ideas regarding how the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community during the Covid-19 pandemic.


The nutria or coypu (Myocastor coypus) is a rodent native to South America that has been introduced almost worldwide since the early 1900's, originally with the intent of fur farming in many cases. The nutria is a large (over 6 kg), semi-aquatic rodent with a voracious appetite and high reproductive potential. Nutria became established in the Louisiana wetlands in the 1930's. The habitat proved to be ideal and populations exploded, reaching an estimated 20 million animals in less than 20 years. Trapping of nutria for their pelts formed the backbone of the Louisiana trapping industry from the 1960's until the early 1980's when prices for furs on the world market and in Louisiana fell drastically. Since then the annual trapping harvest, which was over one million animals per year for many years, has dwindled to 29,544 in the 2000-2001 season. Since the virtual cessation of the annual harvest, nutria numbers have increased dramatically. Reports of damage to wetland habitats emerged in the late 1980's. Numerous studies of the wetland environments of Louisiana since then have documented the deleterious effects nutria grazing is having on the habitat. While nutria serve as an important prey item for the alligator, effects of nutria activity on other animals are primarily negative. Their most important impact is habitat modification and in many cases, habitat destruction. When impacts of intense nutria herbivory are added to the abiotic forces that are degrading the Louisiana coastal marshes the potential for lasting loss of wetland area is magnified. This report reviews the general biology and natural history of nutria; the chronology of nutria establishment in Louisiana and historic population fluctuations; interaction of nutria with other animals in Louisiana, and impacts of nutria herbivory on the wetland plant communities. CHAPTER 1 General Biology and Natural History of the Nutria Introduction The nutria, or coypu, (Myocastor coypus) is a rodent native to southern Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile (Cabrera and Yepes 1940, Cabrera 1961). Five subspecies of Myocastor coypus are recognized in its native range, with M. c. coypus occurring in central Chile, M. c. melanops restricted to Chiloe Island, Chile, M. c. santacruzae found in Patagonia, M. c. bonariensis in northern Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil, and M. c. popelairi in Bolivia (Osgood 1943). Myocastor coypus is the sole member of the family Myocastoridae, which belongs to the Nutria (Myocaster coypus) in Louisiana 4 large group of native South American rodents of the suborder Caviomorpha (this group also includes guinea pigs, chinchillas, and New World porcupines, among several other groups of South American rodents). Woods and Howland (1979) compared the cranial musculature of the nutria with that of its near relatives, and Murphy et al. (2001) placed the nutria in a phylogenetic framework based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Since the early 1900s, the nutria has been introduced almost worldwide, and today it is established in the United States, Canada, England, France, Holland, Scandinavia, Germany, the Caucasus, northern and central Asia, Japan, the Middle East, and East Africa (Aliev 1966a, Van den Brink 1968, Corbet 1978, Hall 1981, Bar-Ilan and Marder 1983). Head and body length of adult, non-captive nutria ranges between 472 and 625 mm, and weight averages approximately 6.7 kg in males and 6.3 kg in females (Gosling 1977). Specimens as large as 17 kg (> 37 pounds) have been reported (Grzimek 1975). The upper parts of the nutria range from yellowish brown to dark brown and the underparts are pale yellow (Chabreck and Dupuie 1970). The head is large and roughly triangular in shape, with eyes, ears, and nostrils located high on the head reflecting the aquatic habits of the nutria (Mann 1978). The tail is round in cross-section (unlike the laterally flattened tail of the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), scaly, and thinly haired except at the base (Woods 1984, Nowak 1999). The digits of the hind legs are partially webbed, whereas those of the forelegs are not. Females have four pairs of thoracic mammary glands that are located on the side of the body, rather than on the belly (Dobson and DeViney 1967, Gosling 1980). Presumably, this positioning of the mammary glands Nutria (Myocaster coypus) in Louisiana 5 allow the young to nurse with their nose above the water's surface while the mother is swimming (Newson 1966). Figure 1 Native range of Myocastor coypus in South America. Modified from Woods et al. (1992) Figure 2 Range of Myocastor coypus in North America. Modified from Le Blanc (1994) Nutria (Myocaster coypus) in Louisiana 6 Habitat Use Nutria are semi-aquatic rodents that live along lakes, marshes, and slow-moving streams, and are abundant in freshwater, brackish, and saltwater marshlands. In their native range, nutria seem to prefer freshwater situations, however they are known to occur in both brackish and saltwater areas at several localities, such as the Chonos Archipelago in Chile (Nowak 1999). Along the Gulf Coast of the United States, nutria are most abundant in freshwater situations, and seem to prefer areas with dense stands of Chairmaker's bulrush (Scirpus olneyi = Schoenoplectus americanus). Throughout their range (both native and introduced), nutria prefer wetlands with emergent (above-water) vegetation and areas with succulent vegetation along the banks. Although most nutria populations occur at low elevations, populations exist at elevations above 1000 m in the Andes of South America (Greer, 1966). A study of nutria density and distribution in the Pampas region of Argentina showed nutria density to be positively correlated with availability of grasslands used for cattle grazing and negatively correlated with local human perturbations (Guichón and Cassini 1999). In contrast to studies conducted throughout the introduced range of the nutria, Guichón and Cassini (1999) found little evidence of crop damage by nutria and concluded that nutria may not be a threat to agriculture in their natural range. Nutria often collect a large mat of vegetation, which they use as a feeding, grooming, and resting platform. Although they occasionally take over muskrat and armadillo burrows for nesting purposes, nutria are avid diggers and often dig their own burrows in banks along waterways and wetlands (Lowery 1974). Burrows are most common along banks with 45-90° slopes (Peloquin 1969) and range in size from short, Nutria (Myocaster coypus) in Louisiana 7 unbranched tunnels 1-6 m in depth, to elaborate burrow systems, often extending 15-46 m or more into the bank (Atwood 1950, deSoriano 1960, Laurie 1946, Peloquin 1969, LeBlanc 1994). Multiple entrances to a single burrow system are common. Their nests are crude mats of local vegetation located on narrow soil shelves (0.3 m wide) or in large chambers (up to 1 m in diameter) within the burrow (Willner 1982, LeBlanc 1994). Well-worn paths, or runways, usually emanate from the borrow opening and extend into the nearby vegetation. Burrow systems provide, not only protection from predators, but also effective thermal buffering—a study in Argentina by deSoriano (1960) showed internal burrow temperatures to range between 8-10°C daily (2° range), while outside temperatures ranged between –4° and 24°C (28° range). Social Behavior The nutria is a gregarious rodent and often lives in groups containing from 2 to 13 or more individuals (Ehrlich 1966, Warkentin 1968, Gosling 1977). These groups usually are composed of related individuals, including one to several adult females, their young, and one adult male. As young males mature, they are driven away from the group by the resident adult male (Warkentin 1968, Gosling 1977). As a result, young males are often solitary. Resident males participate actively in nest defense (Carill-Worsley 1932, Ryszkowski 1966, Ehrlich 1966), and Warkentin (1968) reported that females are behaviorally dominant over males, except while mating. Nutria males are territorial and typically exclude other males from their territories, which are normally larger than those of females (Doncaster and Micol 1989, Gosling and Baker 1989). As a result, males spend more time in the water patrolling for intruders Nutria (Myocaster coypus) in Louisiana 8 than do females. In France, this behavior may contribute to the observed male-biased mortality (Doncaster and Micol 1989) because males may continue to defend their territories even when water temperatures fall dangerously low (Moinard et al. 1992). In Louisiana, activity patterns of nutria appear to be influenced by ambient temperature (Warkentin 1968). When temperatures were below 28°C, diurnal activities were restricted primarily to sleeping and sunning. At temperatures above 28°C, most animals fed, groomed, or slept. No animals were observed sunning when ambient temperatures rose above 34°C. Nutria are known to huddle in small groups during cold nights (Gosling et al. 1980a), which would appear to be an adaptation for energy conservation (Contreras 1984). Moinard et al. (1992) showed that metabolic energy expenditures of nutria huddling in groups of three were reduced approximately 20% over single (non-huddling) individuals. In a laboratory study of non-evaporative heat loss from the tail of the nutria, Krattenmacher and Rübsamen (1987) showed that heat loss from the tail is of major thermoregulatory importance. As with most mammals, the olfactory lobes of the nutria's brain are well developed and much of the nutria's social behavior is influenced by the sense of smell. Oily secretions from scent glands located near the mouth and anus are used, not only in grooming, but also in marking of territories (Ehrlich 1958). As with other aquatic and semiaquatic mammals who spend much of their time foraging in murky waters (e.g., Sea Lions, Zalophus, and River Otters, Lutra), the nutria's vibrissae


Strategic Objectives:

K1. Involve women actively in environmental decision-making at all levels.

K2. Integrate gender concerns and perspectives in policies and programs for sustainable development.

K3. Strengthen or establish mechanisms at the national, regional, and international levels to assess the impact of development and environmental policies on women.


Twelfth-century warfare cannot be properly understood without a consideration of the multiple roles of castles and fortified towns. The two principal types of fortresses in the Anglo-Norman period were castles and fortified towns, with the latter in use during the Anglo-Saxon period. In the Anglo-Saxon period, the town was fortified with protective ramparts up to 3300 yards long; today, the surviving remnants stretch for about 2100 yards. Henry made a career out of investing and taking fortresses, from his first siege at Bridgport in 1149 until his last at Montrelais in 1187. Of the scores of castles attacked by Henry only two escaped his clutches: at Torigini in 1151, Henry was forced to lift the siege when the armies of Louis VII and Eustace arrived in relief, and the duke also abandoned the siege of Bedford in 1153 when its garrison put up a stout resistance.Keywords: Anglo-Norman period; Anglo-Saxon period; castle; Henry; Montrelais; Twelfth-century; warfare


The results on the temperature dependence of the radiative and non‐radiative recombination processes in p‐doped and undoped quantum dot (QD) lasers suggest that the observed characteristics of p‐doped QDs are caused by an increase in the effective conduction band off‐set due to Columbic attraction of the extra holes and so an increased localization of electrons in the dots. This leads to an increase in the temperature at which the carriers are able to establish thermal equilibrium from T=200K in the undoped devices to ⩾320K in the p‐doped samples. Interestingly this can be used to advantage since, as the temperature increases, the improved efficiency associated with better transport between the dots can be exactly offset by the increasing rate of Auger recombination, thus leading to a temperature stable operation around room temperature.


A limited amount of Maclura pomifera planting material was revealed in our country, due to the low awareness of specialists with effective methods of propagation of Maclura pomifera and insufficient study of adaptive potential in the conditions of introduction areas. The biological and environmental features of the growth and development of this plant were studied, namely: frost and winter hardiness, relation to soil moisture. Based on literary sources and our own research, it was noted that Maclura pomifera. is a valuable fruit, medicinal, ornamental plant for use in various soil and climatic zones of Ukraine. It is proved that in the conditions of our country, Maclura pomifera exhibits high environmental plasticity: winter hardiness is estimated as sufficient (3 points); drought tolerance of 1 point (quite drought resistant), and is unpretentious to soil moisture, but grows better with sufficient moisture. It was revealed that representatives of the genus Maclura pomifera in Ukraine enter the generative phase when they reach the age of 14‑16 years and annual flowering and fruiting are noted. It has been confirmed that Maclura pomifera is assigned to the group of plants whose seeds do not have a deep dormant period, and the seeds must be washed in running water before sowing and treated with sodium humate. Among other propagation methods, seed propagation of Maclura pomifera plays a major role, because seedlings grown from seeds of local reproduction adapt to the conditions of the area of introduction better. The features of seed propagation of Maclura pomifera in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine are studied. Seed propagation of Maclura pomifera is determined by the following components: the need to prepare seeds for sowing, the duration of storage of seeds, and the economic feasibility of work. Given the short germination period, Maclura pomifera seeds are assigned to the group of plants whose seeds do not have a deep dormant period. It was determined that depending on the options the germination of seeds of this plant under laboratory conditions ranges from 42 to 73 %. It has been experimentally confirmed that before spring sowing, instead of stratification, the seeds must be washed with running water for several hours and treated with an appropriate growth stimulator. It is proved that the optimal similarity in open ground conditions (about 86 %) is observed when sowing Maclura pomifera seeds in spring to a depth of 1-2 cm. The average growth of seedlings of this plant during the growing season is determined.


A function is declared as a function and consists of JavaScript statements to perform a task. The functions are used as many times as necessary


LANDOWNER PERMISSION REQUIRED: Permission is required to hunt private land in South Dakota. Every year Game, Fish and Parks receives complaints from hunters who drew a license and couldn't get permission to hunt private land once the season opened. Do not apply just because licenses are available. Have permission to hunt before you apply. If you don't get permission before you apply, you may not be able to get permission during the season.


Victor Gruen is the pioneer of the regional shopping centre, he is the "Mall Maker", which, is also the title of a book by M. Jeffrey Hartwick about this Austrian-born architect. Well known for his first commercial projects, which have been copied and analysed worldwide, mostly negatively influencing the structure of cities and societies, Gruen had focused his attention on the importance of the environmental crisis in his both theoretical writings and projects as early as the 1960s. How can Gruen be personified as both the "Mall Maker" and the "Architect of the Environment'? In the early 1970s Gruen presented Die Charta von Wien, as an attempt to readapt the CIAM`s Charte d`Athenes to the contemporary conditions, with a brand new emphasis on the ecological environment as well. This paper will deal mainly with these contradictions and synergies between "consumeristic" architecture and its role in the city in relation to the environmental issues posed by its inventor. The complexity of the connections between consumerism and ecology and the references to CIAM and Gruen, appear to be important themes for a discussion on public space and our contemporary urban condition.


Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation is used to model adsorption of CO 2 and SO 2 molecules by the pure and functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT and FSWCNT). Simulations are conducted for two cases: i) without and ii) with a 5.75 Å clearance between the CNT wall and the walls of the simulation box. Results show that the adsorption capacity for the SO 2 molecules is generally higher than that of the CO 2 molecules, especially at low pressures. Although for both molecules, the inside adsorption is higher at low pressures, the outside adsorption becomes larger above 10 and 2 bar for CO 2 and SO 2 , respectively. At 5 bar, the total amounts of adsorption for case (ii) is higher by ∼ 42% and ∼ 271% for CO 2 and SO 2 , respectively, compared with those for case (i) . Functionalization does not show significant effect on the adsorption of the CO 2 and SO 2 gases. Adsorption of CO 2 and SO 2 gases in the FSWCNT are rather more sensitive to the parameters of the force field, especially those used for the functionalized carbon atoms, than the number of carbon atoms affected by functional groups. The effects of non-spherical interactions on the adsorption isotherms have also been examined.


Atrial septal defects (ASDs), apart from the bicuspid aortic valve, are the most common congenital heart malformations, and it is not uncommon for them to go undiscovered until a patient reaches adulthood.1 An ostium secundum ASD is the most common septal defect, comprising 75% of all these defects.2 Elective closure should be considered in patients with signs of right heart dilatation and in those who have a presumed paradoxical event.3 In patients with an ostium secundum ASD, percutaneous closure–first reported in 19744—is now well established. Before a percutaneous closure attempt, the suitability of the defect for device implantation should be assessed with transesophageal echocardiography. Associated malformations (eg, partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage) and the number, location(s), and the dimensions of the defect(s) should be known before the procedure. A defect in the atrial septum can exist when the flap valve derived from the septum primum does not overlap its rim (eg, because of atrial dilation) or because the flap …


"Previous studies showed that repeated ingestion of erythrosine B [Red 3] (artificial food color) developed behavioral hyperactivity, but nothing is known about its single administration effect as well as the neurochemical (s) involvement. ... The degree of erythrosine-induced inhibition of both MA [motor activity] and brain regional serotonergic activity was dosage dependent. ... Altogether these results suggest that a single higher dosage of erythrosine (10200 mg/kg, p.o.) may reduce MA by reducing serotonergic activity with modulation of central dopaminergic activity depending on the brain regions."


To cite this article: Kalimuthu Krishnamoorthy (2020): A note on the paper "Singhasomboona, L., Panichkitkosolkula, W. and Volodin, A. (2020). Confidence intervals for the ratio of medians of two independent log-normal distributions. Communications in Statistics Simulation and Computation. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2020.1812649", Communications in Statistics Simulation and Computation, DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2020.1839096


An analysis is presented for a statistically complete sample of 547 galaxy structures with z ⩽ 0.16, each containing at least 10 objects. The sample was divided according to structure richness, representing 10 richness classes, with the distribution of ellipticities differing among individual classes. Mean ellipticity varies from 0.34 to 0.18, less well populated structures being more elongated that richer ones. Statistics indicate that structures with at least 50 members originate from the same population. The mean redshift of a structure class is a function of richness, with less well populated classes exhibiting greater mean redshifts than richer galaxy clusters. Further analysis reveals a dependence of the ellipticity-redshift correlation on structure richness. Among rich galaxy clusters there is an anti-correlation between the parameters, the strongest correlation occurring for the most poorly populated galaxy classes.


Article history: Received May 20, 2013 Received in revised format 12 August 2013 Accepted 7 September 2013 Available online September 11 2013 Leadership style plays essential role on the success of organizations. The proposed study of this paper compares the efficiency of leadership study based on EFQM and Bass models in national land and housing organization of Iran. The proposed study of this paper designs a questionnaire and distributes it among all managers on this organization. The study covers all different levels of management including middle and top-level management. The results of the survey indicate that the average efficiency of EFQM model is located in 2.7276 ≤ X ≤ 4.4824 with α=5% while the average efficiency of Bass model is located in 2.674 ≤ X ≤ 4.326 with α=5%. In addition, the survey results indicate that EFQM model provides higher scores than Bass model.


In the competitive environment of knowledge economy, enterprises have contributed a lot of resources to "Innovation" that pursues sustainable development. However, the results of innovation isn't easy to anticipate. How to increase the performance of Innovation has become an important topic. TRIZ Management method is a systematic method for innovative thinking. It is of significant help management problems in non-engineering fields by using a number of approaches such as Identifying a problem, 39 management Parameters, the matrix of contradictions and 40 innovative principles. However using TRIZ method often requires to look into a great body of references. In addition, the researcher must be familiar with Management Parameter and innovative principle. Recently, the development of mobile devices has become more and more mature. Mobile devices is convenient-to-use, that have gradually replaced the traditional PC. Using Mobile Devices will bring greater Strengths and more opportunities. This study will integrate TRIZ method with the convenience of Mobile Devices, develop mobile application. While encountering the problems of operation and management, it helps the user to utilize TRIZ method to generate solution from TRIZ 40 innovative principles. Without having enough know-how, the users usually make mistake in selecting parameter or innovative principle thinking. In this study, we provide not only explanation of 39 management Parameters but also put related phrase and animation which enhancing Parameter selection Efficiency. 40 innovative principles is similar to 39 management Parameters, but 40 innovative principles provide management case study by animation. It help the user to produce concrete solutions. The matrix of contradictions or the matrix of single parameter can be used even if the contradiction information doesn't exist. This study enumerates single parameter management problem and contradiction management problem through the mobile application to propose some innovative principles, and further find out the generate solution.


I AM indebted to Mr. A. H. Thompson for notes of the case. A. McG., aged 31, was admitted into the London Hospital under my care on May 13th, 1890. In January, 1887, the patient was in the London Hospital under my care, and underwent abdominal section for a ruptured tubal gestation. At that operation the right tube was removed. The case is reported in the Lancet of June 2nd, 1888, p. 1069; it is Case I of those there related. In December, 1888, she was again in the hospital, suffering from enteric fever, but was otherwise well till the present time. She menstruated for the last time in February, and having since often felt sick, she thought she was pregnant. She was very low spirited, and this circumstance led to her seeking advice. On May 10th, she had slight vaginal hemorrhage. She had had no pain except that produced by the vomiting. She was admitted into the hospital on May 13th, 1890. On vaginal examination, the uterus was found in the normal position, and quite movable. To the left of and behind the uterus was a swelling about as large as the uterus, and moving with it. The patient was fat and not anemic, and there were no signs of disease elsewhere. This clinical history and the physical signs pointed to a pregnancy in the left tube. Its removal by operation was, therefore, advised, and performed on May 17th. The abdomen was opened by an incision in the line of the former one. When exposed. the left tube was seen as a purplishred, elongated, ovoid swelling, lying by the side of the uterus, and having its long axis parallel with that of the uterus. It was connected to the uterus by soft, easily broken-down adhesions. These were easily separated, the broad ligament transfixed and tied, and the tube removed entire along with the ovary. Under the compression used in its removal, blood spirted from a little hole not larger than a pin puncture. The peritoneal cavity was washed out with water. Some recent clot was found at the bottom of Douglas's pouch, but as the tube was entire, this may have come from separated adhesions or from the wound. No drainage tube was used. There was no serious interruption to recovery. The patient vomited a good deal during the three days following the operation, and it is noteworthy that the same trouble occurred after the first operation. The patient got up on June 1st, and was discharged quite well on June 17th. The tube removed measured 2§ inches long by 12 inch across at its widest part. When cut open, a foetus about i of an inch long was found within it. Its interior was mammillated, just like the interior surface of an apoplectic ovum. Its wall, on section, was I of an inch thick, and to the naked eye resembled the thrambosed placenta of extrauterine gestation some time after the death of she child. This case is interesting in more than one way: 1. It is one of the very few, if not the only case, diagnosed and cured by operation bafore rupture. It is, the first, so far as I can learn, in tbis country. Mr. J. W. Taylor' diagnosed a case before rupture, but, according to Mr. Lawson Tait, who operated, rupture had taken place before the operation. Cases have been operated on before rupture by Hawley, Jones, and Price,2 and Orthmann,3 but in none of them had a correct diagnosis been made. In this case diagnosis preceded operation and operation preceded rupture. 2. It is an instance of the occurrence of ectopic gestation first in one tube, then in the other. Mr. Lawson Tait4 has recorded a case (which he speaks; of as an "almost incredibly strange instance") in which, after one tubal gestation had been cured by operation after rupture,5 a subsequent one proved fatal. I have elsewhere published one in which the occurrence of tubal pregnancy on one side, ending in spontaneous recovery, was inferred


This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of physical and psychological violence victimization (PPVV) scales in adolescent dating. The PPVV scale consists of 37 items (17 items of physical violence and 20 items of psychological violence), with a 4-point Likert rating scale. A total of 682 students met the inclusion criteria as respondents (88.56% female, 11.44% male). Respondents are in the age range of 15-24 years and from the first year of college to the fourth year. The results showed that two items did not fit statistically, and six were biased toward the respondent's attributes. The average difficulty level of the item is higher than the respondent's ability level. The PPVV instrument developed shows unidimensionality. Meanwhile, the four rating scales used have not shown satisfactory performance. They need to be simplified into three scales. However, analysis of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch model shows that the PPVV scale has a good factor structure and psychometric properties as a measuring tool. So, the PPVV instrument can be used by future researchers by eliminating PhyV11 and PhyV16 and using a three-level rating scale.


.In order for first-year students to successfully master the basics of movement tech niques, it is necessary to know the practical methods of performing exercises for physica


A primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) of the breast is extremely rare. We report a case of a MALT lymphoma of the breast that presented as a palpable left breast mass in a 37-year-old woman. A physical examination revealed a large firm, and fixed mass in the left inner breast. Mammograms showed a large, isodense mass in the lower inner quadrant of the left breast and an enlarged lymph node in the axilla. A sonogram demonstrated a 5 cm sized, oval, circumscribed, and heterogeneously hypoechoic mass with posterior acoustic enhancement. A surgical biopsy was performed, and the pathology revealed a MALT lymphoma.


An isocratic HPLC system for the separation of all major phospholipid species was developed using ultraviolet (UV) absorption (205 nm) and subsequent fluorescence (FL) detection with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. For FL the sensitivity was almost identical for all phospholipids except phosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidylcholine, but for UV absorption there were great differences depending on the saturation of phospholipid fatty acids. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine showed nearly no UV but good FL response. UV to FL ratio was characteristic for phosphatidylcholines with different fatty acid saturation. Quantitation of phospholipids with HPLC using Monomethylphosphatidylethanolamine(dioleoyl) as an internal standard gave the same results as phospholipid phosphorus quantification after thin-layer chromatography. Analysis of surfactant preparations from sputum of cystic fibrosis patients show a significant decrease in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol, and an increase in sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine. The UV to FL ratio of phosphatidylcholine was increased in cystic fibrosis, indicating a decreased saturation of bronchial phosphatidylcholine in these patients.


This article, written on the basis of memoirs of the artistic and friendly relations with Evgeny Vladimirovich Gippius, recreates the image of the outstanding authoritative scholar of folk music. It cites many significant facts of his biography: his aristocratic ancestry, his pertaining to the clan of poets and literati of the Silver Age (Alexander Blok, Vladimir Gippius, Zinnaida Gippius, Dmitri Merezhkovsky), an all-round education (at the Tenishev College, the Institute of History of the Arts, the Leningrad Conservatory, the Petrograd University, post-graduate studies in musicology with Boris Asafiev). The upbringing and education received by him conditioned the high standards of behavior and demands made on the researchers of folk music. The criteria of evaluation of personal potentials for him were: the possession of an intonational ear – the ability to remember involuntarily and to reproduce the written down musical material, a broad education, knowledge of sources of the themes (made by predecessors), as well as knowledge of foreign languages. The role of Evgeny Gippius in the development of Russian musicology in the second half of the 20th century is examined not only from the position of his personal contribution to scholarship as a researcher, how developed a whole set of new methods, but also from the position of him being an organizer of a scholarly discipline and a creator of a school of research. The latter was realized as an immense network of representatives, who shared his principles of approach to folk music in the capital of Russia (the "Gnesins' school"), in the various Russian regions and in the countries of the "near abroad." The musicologist possessed a broadness of academic interests, not only in terms of the issues of research, but also in the sphere of ethnic cultures. Keywords: Evgeny Gippius, the Silver Age, ethnomusicology


Basketball baby is emerging in China,but it has become an essential part in basketball games.The correct understanding of basketball baby's inspiration effect will promote the development of basketball game and basketball baby.


Previous studies about online health communities (OHCs) have investigated their formation and persistence. Due to the impact of technological advancement on the structure of OHCs and the behaviour of their members, OHCs within social media platforms have adopted different forms of communication besides text. A tremendous number of images are shared, but we know little about the influence of image content on chronically ill adults in these communities. In this study, posted photos and metadata were collected from social network platforms using the popular chronic disease hashtag, #type1 diabetes. Through a qualitative and quantitative content analysis, we identified six elements that could affect user engagement in image-based OHCs: visual community identification, visual self-management diaries, knowledge contribution, social support, the technical features of platforms, and self-disclosure by users. Our findings extend prior work on defining OHC practices and have implications for the design of health messages for chronically ill users.


We examine the structural relaxation of glassy materials at finite temperatures, considering the effect of activated rearrangements and long-range elastic interactions. Our three-dimensional mesoscopic relaxation model shows how the displacements induced by localized relaxation events can result in faster-than-exponential relaxation. Thermal activation allows for local rearrangements, which generate elastic responses and possibly cascades of new relaxation events. To study the interplay between this elastically-dominated and thermally-dominated dynamics, we introduce tracer particles that follow the displacement field induced by the local relaxation events and also incorporate Brownian motion. Our results reveal that the dynamic exponents and shape parameter of the dynamical structure factor depend on this competition and display a crossover from faster-than-exponential to exponential relaxation as temperature increases, consistent with recent observations in metallic glasses. Additionally, we find the distribution of waiting times between activations to be broadly distributed at low temperatures, providing a measure of dynamical heterogeneities characteristic for to glassy dynamics.


Objective To evaluate the effect of a new nasal irrigation system in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods From September 2008 to September 2012, 110 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in Tengzhou Central People's Hospital were selected and divided into test group and control group. The test group was received nasal irrigation with Nasalcare and the control group was treated with Neti pot. Following items were observed and evaluated: ①curative effect; ②saccharin sodium clearance test; ③olfactory sensitivity test; ④drug use during irrigation; ⑤frequency of upper respiratory infection. Results ①7 days and 8 weeks after nasal irrigation, the curative effect rate in test group was better than that in control group, the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05). ②The smell sense improvment of test group was better than that in control group, the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05). ③The time of saccharin sodium clearance 7 days and 8 weeks after the treatment in test group was shorter than that in control group, the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05). ④Drug kinds and frequency 7 days after the nasal irrigation in test group were all fewer than those in control group; frequency of upper respiratory tract infection in test group 2 months after the nasal irrigation was fewer than that in control group, the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion Nasalcare nasal irrigation has a significantly better curative effect on chronic rhinosinusitis.


Over the last few decades, the incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases – particularly obesity, diabetes, and cancer – has continued to rise, affecting hundreds of millions of people around the world. Since the 1980s, for instance, the incidence of diabetes in the United States has increased by 133% [1] , while worldwide obesity has more than doubled [2] . The growing threat of chronic diseases to global health calls for more effective measures to stop the health epidemic. To this end, the root causes must be addressed. Although many factors may be involved, ranging from genetics to lifestyle, chronic disease is very much a matter of disordered metabolism, which can be profoundly affected by the nutrients we eat. The association of chronic disease with nutrient metabolism points to the possibility of certain dietary or nutritional factors as underlying causes of today's health epidemic. In my opinion, any dietary factors considered as the causes should satisfy two key criteria: (1) a shift (increase or decrease) in the intake of the particular nutrients correlates with an increase in the prevalence of chronic disease, and (2) the nutrients play a determining role in the key pathological processes, such as chronic low-grade inflammation and increased lipogenesis, that are the common mechanisms for chronic diseases. The Bellagio Report by Simopoulos et al. [3] and the latest update published in this issue [4] highlight two potential causes that may account for the upward trend of chronic disease incidence and prevalence during the last century. The first cause may be an increase in the dietary intake of omega-6 fatty acids and a decrease in the dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids. These changes in omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid intake have dramatically shifted the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in both our diet and bodies from the human evolutionary ratio of ∼ 1: 1 to the modern dietary ratio ranging from 10: 1 to 50: 1, due to the industrialization of agriculture, processed foods, grain-fed livestock, and the increased consumption of vegetable oils [5] . This shift in the omega-6/omega-3 ratio has profound implications on human health, as these two classes of essential fatty acids are key components of cellular Published online: March 4, 2015


The article analyzes and evaluates the judgment issued by the Supreme Administrative Court on November 17 2014, which referred to the possibility of including tax costs by the heir of expenses for the acquisition of units incurred by the testator. Although the beneficial ruling for taxpayers deserves approval, it can not be accepted that the general principles of tax succession were omitted, as the court focused only on the material provision.


In this paper we study the influence of Weighted Round Robin (WRR) scheduling algorithm frame size to the performance of Crosspoint Queued (CQ) crossbar switch. In order to show that throughput and cell delay can be adjusted with appropriate WRR frame size, we analyzed switch for different values of frame size and under the unbalanced bursty traffic. We show that WRR scheduling algorithm achieve throughput similar to Output Queued switch when frame size is low. Also, with an increase of the frame size, the delay decreases.


A fine bioglass(BG) coating was successfully deposited on commercial pure Ti by SolGel technology, using tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2O)and magnesium chloride(MgCl_2·6H_2O)as raw materials. The coating was to be used as a transition layer between the substrate (Ti) and surface layer. Orthogonal experimental design was applied to decide the optimal parameters: pH was about 3.5; Rw was between 3 and 4; the viscosity of the sol was 3.05mPa·s; drying temperature was 330℃; sintering temperature was between 800℃ and 900℃. The coatings prepared with the above parameters were characterized by XRD、TEM、EDS.


The techniques of precision agriculture include the possibility to execute crop monitoring tasks through the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). These platforms are flexible, easy to use and low-cost, and they are the best candidates for improving the farm efficiency and productivity. In this research, a guidance algorithm and a robust control system are combined to guarantee the robustness of the system to additive noise (i.e. wind disturbance) and uncertainties (i.e. model parameter variations). A small fixed-wing UAV with an autonomy of about $1$ hour is proposed as case study, to reduce the cost of monitoring and increasing the stability performance of the system. A waypoint-grid on a paddy field is verified by hardware-in-the loop tests. The control scheme provides good results with a low computational effort, guaranteeing the repeatability of the monitoring and reduction of the costs.


Lagenostoma ovoides is one of the commonest of the ovules occurring in the calcite nodules of the British Coal-measures. It is only specifically distinct from L. Lomaxi, which has been attributed by OLIVER and SCOTT, to Lyginodendron OQdhamium. It appears therefore probable that it belongs to one species of the wide group included under that name, and thus is the ovule of a pteridosperm. In an oblique section through the micropyle and pollen chamber of a specimen of this ovule, sent me some years ago by Mr. LOMAX, I detected, besides the pollen grains which he recorded, several naked protoplasmic bodies of very characteristic form. One of these bodies is within one of the pollen grains, two are free and entire, and one is cut across. Protruding from three of the grains, which show a considerably ruptured epispore, are bladder-like structures which are clearly surrounded by the endospore. Thus I interpreted the grains as germinating, and (as I mentioned in a paper2 I was writing at the time) "apparently in the very act of yielding antherozoids like those of Cycas and Ginkgo" (p. i68). The slide was last year exhibited at the Linnaean Society's rooms, London, on the occasion of the celebration of the bicentenary of the birth of LINNAEUS, and my interpretation having met with general acceptance, I have decided that it should be figured. The many valuable contributions to our knowledge of spermatogenesis (including the recent work on Microcycas by CALDWELL3) that have appeared in the BOTANICAL GAZETTE, have induced me to send the account of this remarkable fossil to the same journal.


The invention relates to a valve train of an internal combustion engine, consisting of a three-dimensionally shaped cam of a valve camshaft and in contact with at least one gas exchange valve actuating means, said actuating means as a cup tappet (1a) is formed and that on its side facing the cam side on two opposing projections (2a, 2b) in their arcuate recesses has a rocker (3) is pivotally supported, said rocker (3) is in contact with the cam.


In a pursuit that holds a vague resemblance to voodoo, physicists are exploiting a quantum-mechanical paradox in which two particles are created simultaneously with their internal quantum states—their spin, for instance, or polarization—irrevocably "entangled." These particles, linked at birth even though they may be separated by vast distances, can be used to transmit data or even to teleport entire quantum states.


By using multi-body system simulation(MSS) method,combined with finite element analysis(FEA),the torsional vibration of automotive engine crankshaft is analyzed in this paper,based on the virtual prototyping(VP) technology.The multi-body dynamics model for the crankshaft assembly including flexible crankshaft is established.According to the results of the test of the engine,this article analyze the characteristics of the torsional vibration of automotive engine crankshaft.


This article aims to discuss the challenges of incorporating human and fundamental rights of children and teenagers from gender perspectives. Therefore, it presents a framework prototype about the theme to enable critical reflection within Family Law, aiming to promote arguments aware of the gaps in gender-neutral comprehension, from the point of view of gender and human rights dedicated to childhood and youth. With that, a less celebratory and more attentive analysis is suggested, not only to the power of legal statements but also to the powerlessness of the reality experienced by such characters.


T final results of Turkey's parliamentary polls have been announced, according to which the Justice and Development Party (AKP) gained 41 percent of the votes, followed by main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) that received 25.5 percent of the votes. Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) secured 16.5 percent of the votes, while the pro-Kurdish leftwing Peoples' Democracy Party (HDP) won 13 percent. Many believe that the results of the poll would draw an end to the Justice and Development Party's 13 year-long exclusive rule over the country. It also makes incumbent President Recep Tayyip Erdogan revise its ambitions to amend the constitution, which he could have done only if the AKP had secured at least 330 seats in the parliament to unilaterally initiate such a change and take it to a referendum. The most significant deduction from the poll could be the AKP's failure to secure the much-needed absolute majority in the parliament, following which it could implement amendments to the constitution and change the country's ruling system from a parliamentary one to a presidential system. Erdogan made great efforts to achieve this objective and had pinned much hope to the outcomes of the polls. All the other three main parties are against a presidential system. Contd. on P. 11 Saudi warplanes strike NW Yemen with cluster bombs


This study explores how linkages between adolescents' educational attitudes and achievement vary according to race, expressive culture, and neighborhood collective socialization qualities. Specifically, the study examines (a) racial differences in how males' educational attitudes relate to their academic performance (i.e., "attitude–achievement paradox"); (b) how the attitude–achievement paradox varies according to Black and White males' expressive culture; and (c) the relation of collective socialization to racial differences in expressive cool, educational attitudes, and behavior. Using Maryland Adolescent Development in Context Study (MADICS) data, I find that an attitude–achievement paradox among African Americans disappears when neighborhood collective socialization is considered; that expressive cool seems to have a stronger connection to adolescents' achievement ideology rejection, and very little to their grade point average (GPA); and that neighborhood collective socialization decisively accounts for racial gaps in GPA. The concluding discussion considers why African Americans' adherence to achievement ideologies fails to shield their GPAs from neighborhood socialization risks to the extent it does so for White males.


The surface of a gold (Au) electrode was coated with layer-by-layer (LbL) thin films composed of poly(vinyl sulfate) (PVS) and different type of poly(amine)s including poly(allylamine) (PAH), poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and redox properties of ferricyanide ion ([Fe(CN)6]3−) on the LbL film-coated Au electrodes were studied. The LbL film-coated electrodes exhibited redox response to [Fe(CN)6]3− ion when the outermost surface of the LbL film was covered with the cationic poly(amine)s while virtually no response was observed on the LbL film-coated electrodes whose outermost surface was covered with PVS due to an electrostatic repulsion between [Fe(CN)6]3− ion and the negatively-charged PVS layer. The redox properties of [Fe(CN)6]3− ion on the LbL film-coated electrodes significantly depended on the type of polycationic materials in the LbL film. The LbL film-coated electrodes which had been immersed in the [Fe(CN)6]3− solution for 15 min exhibited redox response even in a [Fe(CN)6]3− ion-free buffer solution, suggesting that [Fe(CN)6]3− ion is confined in the films. In the buffer solution, redox peaks were observed between +0.1 and 0.4 V depending on the type of polycations in the film. Thus, [Fe(CN)6]3− ion can be confined in the film and the redox potential is polycation-dependent.


as a contribution to the academic and policy debates on the effects of immigration in the U.S. It argues that in surplus-labor situations immigrant workers often &dquo;create their own demand&dquo; in certain economic activities. This in turn has broad economic and social implications of relevance for the working class at large. Studies of labor immigration have tended to emphasize that, from the standpoint of the host society, international migration is caused by excess labor demand. This approach emerged from the analysis of specific cases, particularly Western European countries during the 1960s and early 1970s, where, in fact, global labor scarcity (at least in relative terms) was at the origin of labor imports.1 The interpretation was then extended, often unjustifiably, to most economies experiencing immigration on a large scale. In the U.S., where massive labor immigration coexists with persistently high levels of domestic unemployment and slowly growing, if not stagnant, global labor demand, the excess-labor-demand approach stresses that occupationally localized labor shortages (jobs allegedly refused by native workers) make labor imports necessary. In this view,


The aim of this study was to explore the critical success factors that affect accounting information systems development fitness in Jordanian industrial companies. In addition, the paper aims to test the effectiveness level of the AIS and causality relation between the system development process and its effectiveness level. A survey using self-administered questionnaire has been carried out to achieve the study objectives. The study results reveal that Jordanian industrial companies do not have effective accounting information systems; there is no enough evidence that support the sole relationship between the system development process and its effectiveness level.


Woody plant encroachment is increasing in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. We investigated the structure and fine-scale spatial pattern of encroaching species and how these patterns vary with different grazing regimes in semi-arid regions. In this study, we investigated how four encroaching shrub species (Searsia erosa, S. burchellii, Diospyros lycioides and Eriocephalus ericoides) in Middelburg (Eastern Cape, South Africa) coexist and partition space under different grazing regimes (viz. continuous rest, and continuous, summer and winter grazing). We used point-pattern analysis to assess the spatial ecology of these species. We also used an index of integration (mingling index), where low values indicate that they are surrounded by conspecifics and high values indicate that they are surrounded by heterospecifics. The three shrub species were highly mingled except in the winter-grazing plot, where S. burchellii and D. lycioides clustered. We found that the shrub species were generally aggregated in most of the grazing plots. These findings indicate that (1) at a fine spatial scale, grazing in the wet season promotes shrub encroachment, and (2) there is a tendency to aggregation among encroaching shrub species in the grazing plots.


Eclogite plays an important role in mantle convection and geodynamics in subduction zones. An improved understanding of processes in the deeper levels of subduction zones and collision belts requires information on eclogite rheology. However, the deformation processes and associated fabrics in eclogite are not well understood. Incompatible views of deformation mechanism have been proposed for both garnet and omphacite. We present here deformation behaviour of eclogite at temperatures of 1027–1427 °C, confining pressures of 2.5–3.5 GPa, and strain rates of 1 × 10−5 s−1 to 5 × 10−4 s−1. We obtained a power‐law creep for the high temperature and pressure deformation of a 'dry' eclogite (50 vol.% garnet, 40% omphacite and 10% quartz) with A = 103.3 ± 1.0, n = 3.5 ± 0.4, ΔE =403 ± 30 KJ mol−1 and ΔV = 27.2 cm3 mol−1. The two principal minerals of eclogite have greatly different strengths. Progressive increase of garnet results in a smooth increase in strength. Analysis by electron back‐scattered diffraction shows that: (1) garnet displays pole figures with near random distributions of misorientation angle under both dry and wet conditions; (2) omphacite shows pronounced lattice preferred orientations (LPOs), suggesting a dominant dislocation creep mechanism. Further investigation into the water effects on eclogite show: (3) water content does not influence the style of omphacite fabric but increases slightly the fabric strength; (4) grain boundary processes dominate the deformation of garnet under high water fugacity or high shear‐strain conditions, yielding a random LPO similar to that of non‐deforming garnet, despite the strong shape preferred orientation (SPO) observed. {110} [001] slip may dominate the deformation of rutile. Quartz displays complicated and inconsistent LPOs in eclogite. These results are remarkably similar to observations from deformed eclogites in nature.


A systematic method for deriving three-port converters (TPCs) from the full-bridge converter (FBC) is proposed in this project. The proposed method splits the two switching legs of the FBC into two switching cells with different sources and allows a dc bias current in the transformer. By using this systematic method, a novel full-bridge TPC (FB-TPC) is developed for renewable power system applications, which features simple topologies and control, a reduced number of devices, and single-stage power conversion between any two of the three ports. The proposed FB-TPC consists of two bidirectional ports and an isolated output port. The FB-TPC is analyzed in detail with operational principles, design considerations, and a pulse width modulation scheme (PWM), which aims to decrease the dc bias of the transformer. Experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed FB-TPC. The topology generation concept is further extended, and some novel TPCs, dual-input, and multiport converters are presented.


Unionism in Academia Spring 1977 Marion Boenheim McCamey, B.A. , University of Michigan, Ann Arbor M.A., Eastern Michigan University Ed.D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Dr. Douglas Forsyth Academicians constitute the most politically liberal occupational group in the United States, but the professorate is far from being a hotbed of radicalism. Unionization is a relatively new area in which many institutions are rapidly headed. Academic unionism is still primarily a phenomenon of the lower tier of academe: community colleges and publicly supported fouryear institutions that emphasize undergraduate teaching, have high teaching loads and exhibit little or no interest in faculty research. Is there a correlation between working class consciousness values and those faculty urging union membership? Is unionization of the academy a concerted social movement that initiates change while reflecting the socioeconomic conditions of the 70' s; or is it an ideological justification of the status quo? This study undertaken in the California State College and University system (163,000 students) compared members of the United Professors of California Association to non-union members. Of all the background variables utilized, political affiliation, religious affiliation


Abstract At the Sydney IAU General Assembly (GA) the statutes were modified to remove the votes by individual members. Few noticed this at the time but the subsequent reaction by disenfranchised members led us to revise this position in Prague. The need to have a members' vote on the status of Pluto was complicated by these changes and the drama behind the scene at the Prague GA where the planet definition was resolved is not well known despite the huge public impact of this GA. I will describe some of the activities of the executive and its working groups during this very exciting GA. The IAU structures served us well during this process but of course there were also many lessons learned.


Multiple linear equations to predict selected parameters for the Kentucky watershed model (KWM) are presented. The independent variables consist of easily determinable watershed characteristics. The relationship provides a means by which the KWM can be used to predict streamflows from ungaged drainage basins. Examples are given for five test watersheds. Results are variable.


Polycondensation of 1,4-bis(methoxycarbonylethyl)piperazine (MCEP) with hexamethylenediamine (HMD) was carried out in the presence of an electron-accepting matrix such as a nitrated polystyrene. A charge transfer complex was found to be formed between HMD and the matrix polymer and the rate of the polycondensation was enhanced by the adsorption of HMD in the matrix polymer of nitrated polystyrene.


This chapter describes a particular ritual in Reclaiming, namely the infamous rite of Initiation, and discusses how this rite essentially is perceived as tsacred workt to help remould the isolated tIt into a new becoming. The ritual process attempts at destabilizing the Western theory of subjectivity as alienation and never-successful re-connection. As such, it rehearses a performative structure of sociability that intrinsically is non-sacrificial, thus welcoming the perception of the smallest feast possible as the conscious meeting and greeting between two. The chapter then discusses how a feminist version of contemporary, neopagan Witchcraft can add to the gendered field of religion and the environment as well as to feminist ritualizing in general precisely by reworking the concept and practice of initiation. Keywords: feminist; neopagan Witchcraft


While the ability of composite repair technologies to repair damaged pipelines without shutdown are now widely known, perhaps less well recognised is their high value in asset refurbishment and upgrade projects to extend asset life. Furmanite's Dr Paul Hill discusses what composites can offer.


HER2/neu gene, also known as cerbB2 gene, encodes the 185 kDa transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor which is a member of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Recent studies suggested that HER2/neu plays an important role in the development of many malignant tumors. HER2/neu gene amplification and protein overexpression were found in 10%34% of the patients with invasive breast carcinoma, and were associated with poor prognosis and short survival. 1 In recent years, it was also found that HER2 gene amplification and protein overexpression widely existed in other cancers such as ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and so on. 2 It has been reported that, in patients with gastric cancer, HER2 protein overexpression was found in 5.2% 22.6% of the patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and HER2 gene amplification was found in 3.8% 12.2% of the patients by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 35 It was demonstrated that HER2/neu overexpression might foreshow the poor prognosis of gastric cancer. In order to explore the influence of HER2/neu gene on the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer, we analyzed the data of 83 advanced gastric cancer patients who were treated in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS).


Background: It has been suggested that human hepatitis A virus cellular receptor, also known as T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐1 (TIM‐1), plays an important role in the development of allergic diseases on the basis of epidemiologic data, but the molecular mechanism has been unclear. In a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized allergic rhinitis (AR), we examined the expression of TIM‐1 and its correlation with T helper1‐associated transcription factor, T‐bet, as a potential mediator of T‐cell immunoglobulin expression.


Chromosomal microarray analysis has identified many novel microdeletions or microduplications that produce neurodevelopmental disorders with a recognizable clinical phenotype and that are not observed in normal individuals. However, imbalance of other genomic regions is associated with a variable phenotype with intellectual disability (ID) or autism in some individuals but are also observed in completely normal individuals. Several large studies have reported the prevalence of copy number (CN) variants in people with particular features (e.g., ID, autism, schizophrenia, or epilepsy); few studies have investigated the prevalence of genomic CN changes in the general population. We used a high‐throughput method to screen 6813 consecutive cord blood samples from a predominantly French–Canadian population to assess genomic CN in five genomic regions: 1p36, 15q11‐q13, 16p11.2, 16p11.2‐p12.2, and 22q11.2. We identified one deletion and one duplication within 1p36, two deletions of 15q11‐q13, eight deletions of 16p11.2‐p12.2, two deletions and five duplications of 16p11.2, and six duplications of 22q11.2. This study provides estimates of the frequency of CN variants in an unselected population. Our findings have important implications for genetic counseling.


Abstract
 A new distribution map is provided for Acidovorax konjaci (Goto) Willems et al. Betaproteobacteria: Burkholderiales: Comamonadaceae. Hosts: konjac (Amorphophallus konjac), Korean radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Japan, Korea Republic), North America (Canada, Ontario).


In recent years, agricultural wastes cause serious pollution to the environment. Agricultural residues can be used to produce value-added products in order to control environmental pollution, therefore these wastes are a promising feedstock as it has many advantages such as wide range of source, low cost and renewable. Rice straw and lemongrass leaves which are the renewable sources for the production of many useful products such as xylose. The aim of this study is to compare the content of xylose produced from rice straw and lemongrass leaves, in order to obtain highest yield of xylose and to optimize the acid hydrolysis time, concentration of sulphuric acid, liquid-solid ratio and the power of the microwave towards the maximum extraction of xylose. Microwave assisted acidic hydrolysis method was used to extract xylose from rice straw and lemongrass leaves. The acid hydrolysis of both rice straw and lemongrass was performed at different time (1-5 minutes), acid concentration (1%-5%), liquid solid ratio (1:30, 2:30, 3:30, 4:30 and 5:30) and power (160W, 320W, 480W, 640W, 800W). The results obtained indicate that the yield of xylose from rice straw (2.98g/L) via the microwave assisted is slightly higher than lemongrass (2.91 g/L) with optimum conditions of 3 minutes of hydrolysis time, 2% of sulphuric acid concentration, 1:30 of liquid solid ratio and 320W of microwave power. Meanwhile, the optimum conditions for lemongrass leaves are 4 minutes of hydrolysis time, 4% of sulphuric acid concentration, 2:30 of liquid solid ratio and 480W of microwave power. Thus, rice straw has slightly higher capability in production of xylose compared to lemongrass.


The invention discloses a high-strength magnesium-containing aluminum alloy material. The high-strength magnesium-containing aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.62-6.64% of magnesium, 0.95-0.97% of boron, 1.03-1.05% of silicon, 0.52-0.56% of calcium, 2.26-2.28% of titanium, 0.48-0.50% of vanadium, 3.72-3.74% of chromium, 2.95-3.15% of manganese, 1.08-1.12% of cobalt, 2.81-2.83% of nickel, 5.57-5.59% of copper, 2.41-2.45% of selenium, 0.72-0.76% of strontium, 0.08-0.10% of zirconium, 0.04-0.06% of niobium, 0.03-0.05% of molybdenum, 2.65-2.85% of tin, 0.586-0.588% of tungsten, 1.88-1.92% of composite rare earth and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities. The invention further discloses a treatment process of the high-strength magnesium-containing aluminum alloy material. The high-strength magnesium-containing aluminum alloy material is light in mass, high in strength, resistant to strong acid and strong alkali, low in aging and deformation possibility, and long in service life.


High productivity breed cows are delivered to the Republic recently for intensive development of livestock. Subsidies are allocated to farmers, modern type livestock complexes are constructed by state. But, although all conducted works, there are several diseases which prevent the development of livestock. The leading one of such diseases are diseases occurred after delivery among breed cows. Along with various factors, special attention involves the age of animals and number of lactation in occurrence of such diseases. Metritis was observed in 361cows from 4826 cows between 3-8 ages and older, as well as passing lactation for 6 and more times (7.5%), mastitis in 278 of 4826 cows (5.8%), latency delay in 106 of 4826 cows (2.2%), and birth paresis in 42 of 4826 cows (0.9%) in Guba – Khachmaz natural – economic geographic region. In the Guba-Khachmaz region, among the three-year-old cows during the first lactation, infections with metritis amounted to 4.7%, mastitis – 3.1%, detention of the sequence – 0.7%, birth paresis - 0.3%; Among four-year-old cows during the second lactation, infections by metritis amounted to 5.1%, mastitis – 3.5%, detaining the sequence – 1.6%, generic paresis - 0.4%; among five-year-old cows during the third period of lactation: 6.3% metritis, 5.8% mastitis, 2.3% post-mortem, generic paresis – 0.5%; among six-year-old cows during the fourth lactation: 8.2% metritis, 6.2% mastitis, 2.6% post-sedentation, 0.7% birth paresis; Among the seven-year-old cows during the fifth lactation: metritis 9.0%, mastitis 7.2%, post-traumatic delay 2.7%, birth paresis 1.5%; among cows at the age of 8 years and older who have undergone 6 or more lactations: metritis 10.7%, mastitis 8.9%, postural detention 3.4%, generic paresis 1.7%. The results of the study show that with increasing age of cows and the number of lactations, their sensitivity to postpartum diseases increases.


As a smart transportation application of the Internet of Things, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) depresses the chances of traffic accidents, while improving transportation efficiency and user driving experience. However, as the number of vehicles continues to grow, the original ground-based IoV system is difficult to meet the ever-increasing demand. To this end, space–air–ground-integrated network (SAGIN) incorporates satellite systems, aerial network and terrestrial communications. However, because SAGIN integrates multiple network services and communication modes, which makes SAGIN more vulnerable to various types of attacks and security threats. This article first presents the dominating security threats in data storage, transmission and sharing of space–air–ground integrated vehicular network (SAGIVN). Moreover, for guaranteeing the safety and effectiveness of the model, we advance a safe and effective encrypted data retrieval and sharing scheme in SAGIVN (ERDSS) for possible threats, the ERDSS can execute fuzzy retrieval over misspelling keywords and sort results by relevance scores to realize precise retrieval. We perform a comprehensive security discussion and execute experiments based on real-world data sets. The consequences demonstrate that the ERDSS is safe and efficient.