The United States of America joined the World War on the side of the Allies on April 6, 1917. The war ended with Germany's defeat in November 1918. Russia went through two revolutions and a civil war. These were years of precarious Republicanism in China, Sun Yat-sen's defeats in the south, warlordism, and student demonstrations protesting the Versailles decisions that gave German rights in Shantung to Japan.


In the more than three years since James G. Miller assumed the chairmanship of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC or Commission), enforcement of the federal consumer credit statutes has taken two complementary roads. First, the Commission staff (Staff) has engaged in extensive efforts to educate industry about its obligations under these statutes. In addition, the Commission has authorized vigorous law enforcement campaigns in several areas. These approaches are complementary because they have the common goal of improving compliance with the statutes that the FTC enforces. The ideal is to achieve voluntary compliance by educating industry about the legal requirements, but the Commission staff has made clear that, when necessary, it will bring enforcement actions in order to deter creditors from violating these laws. This article outlines some major examples of recent FTC activity in the consumer credit area,1 illustrating how the complementary approaches have substantially improved compliance with the consumer credit protection statutes. It also discusses ongoing educational efforts designed to assist creditors in understanding their obligations under these laws, thus enabling the Staff to limit formal enforcement efforts to those companies whose noncompliance stems from reasons other than a lack of understanding of these requirements.


The paper introduces the importance of packaging mechanism and the maindesign gist,basic contents,working principle,and extending value of the automatic powder and granule gravimetric machine.


This paper develops a computer heating monitoring system, introduces the components and principles of the monitoring system, and provides a study on its application to residential building heating including analysis of indoor and outdoor air temperature, heating index and energy savings. The results show that the current heating system has a great potential for energy conservation.


In Reply. —While I thank Dr Haddad for pointing out the possible use of guanethidine monosulfate in the treatment of lid retraction, I believe certain aspects of its use need review. In 1964, Dorian and Schirmer 1 reported that topically applied guanethidine monosulfate produced a sympatholytic Horner's syndrome. In 1966, Gay and Wolkstein, 2 and Sneddon and Turner, 3 recommended the instillation of a 10% solution of guanethidine monosulfate for the treatment of lid retraction in thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Crombie and Lawson 4 reported a reduction of palpebral fissure height by over 20% in nine of 20 patients treated for a mean duration of 16 weeks. However, they noticed a disturbing side effect of punctate epithelial keratopathy in 50% of patients and recommended reducing the concentration to 5%. Topical guanethidine, particularly when combined with epinephrine, has also been noted to be a potentially useful agent in the treatment of glaucoma. Hoyng


Prediction equations based on 130 sample trees from thinned and unthinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in central Louisiana re presented for the green and dry weights of aboveground tree components. Sample trees ranged from 2 to 21 in. dbh, 18 to 94 ft in height and from 9 to 55 yr in age. Significant differences in partial stem weight between trees from thinned and unthinned stands required development of separate sets of weight ratio equations. The range of the studies' observations i creases the predictive applicability ofplanted loblolly pine biomass equations. South. J. Appl. For. 11(4):212-218. Loblolly pine is the most important commercial softwood species in the South and the most widely planted southern pine. This importance created a need to develop a growth and yield prediction system for loblolly pine plantations in the West Gulf region. 9It also led to creating new stem profile functions and new volume equations for trees from thinned and unthinned stands. These equations are being published separately. • Furthermore, given re• Funding for this project was provided through the Southeastern Regional Biomass Energy Program (SERBEP), which is administered by the Tennessee Valley Authority for the U.S. Department of Energy. 2 Baldwin, V. C., Jr. and D. P. Feduccia. 1987. Loblolly pine growth and yield prediction in West Gulf region plantations. Res. Pap. SO-236. 27 p. s Baldwin, V. C., Jr.; Feduccia, D. P. Treevolume and stem-profile functions for unthinned and thinned plantation grown cent technological advances that make utilization of all tree components feasible and profitable, it was also advisable to develop equations to predict yields of branch and foliage material from these plantations. Weight is the best measure of yield for these nonbole components, and this measure is becoming increasingly popular for bole products, too. Hence, new weight equations were developed to meet this need. This paper presents equations that predict green and dry weight of boles (ib or ob) to any top diameter limit, branches (ib or ob), or foliage of loblolly pine trees in thinned or unthinned plantations in the West Gulf region. Examples of how to apply the equations are also given. New weight equations were needed because most existing plantation loblolly pine weight equations were inadequate. Many were developed from trees sampled in the Southeast (e.g., Bailey et al. 1985, Edwards and McNab 1979, Flowers 1978). Their applicability in the West Gulf region is questionable. Clark (1983) has shown that site and geographic differences in tree biomass are significant within a species and that "... biomass estimates for marketing purposes should be made using only locally developed or loloblolly pines in the West Gulf region. In review. cally tested species equations..." In this same paper Clark also pointed out that natural pine biomass equations might give acceptable green-weight predictions in plantations, but dry-weight predictions would not be applicable. Thus, the natural loblolly pine equations developed by Matney (1977) or Lenhart et al. (1980) would not be adequate in West Gulf plantations. Furthermore, the plantation loblolly pine biomass equations developed by Hicks et al. (1972) and Hyink et al (1972) only predict bole weights And the Nelson and Switzer (1975) and Shelton et al. (1984) equations may only be accurate when used to predict tree component weights in relatively young unthinned plantations. The Gibson et al. (1985) unthinned plantations biomass equations have somewhat limited application because their loblolly pine data set did not contain planting spacing or age variability. In all of the studies mentioned above, data were not available for plantation grown trees over 35 yr old, for diameter at breast height (D) generally over 14 in. (there were only 3 trees with D greater than 14 in sample), and total height (H) greater than 75 ft (2 taller trees had been sampled). Furthermore, no publicly available equations have been developed heretofore to predict biomass of tree components in thinned West Gulf loblolly pine plantations.


Molecular information on the early stages of human retinal development remains scarce due to limitations in obtaining early human eye samples. Pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids provide an unprecedented opportunity for studying early retinogenesis. Using a combination of single cell RNA-Seq and spatial transcriptomics we present for the first-time a single cell spatio-temporal transcriptome of retinal organoid development. Our data demonstrate that retinal organoids recapitulate key events of retinogenesis including optic vesicle/cup formation, formation of a putative ciliary margin zone, emergence of retinal progenitor cells and their orderly differentiation to retinal neurons. Combining the scRNA-with scATAC-Seq data, we were able to reveal cell-type specific transcription factor binding motifs on accessible chromatin at each stage of organoid development and to show that chromatin accessibility is highly correlated to the developing human retina, but with some differences in the temporal emergence and abundance of some of the retinal neurons.


Since the beginning of computational aeroacoustics (CAA), hybrid methodologies have been established as the most practical methods for aeroacoustic computations. In aeroacoustics, the well known disparity of length scale for low Mach number flows causes a very efficient computational procedure and well suited simulation models using different meshes for flow and acoustics. The workflow of these aeroacoustic approaches is based on three steps: (1) perform unsteady flow computations based on an appropriate turbulence model on a restricted sub-domain; (2) compute the acoustic sources; (3) simulate the acoustic field. It should be noted that analog to aeroacoustics, decoupled vibro-acoustic simulations follow a similar three step approach, aiming to compute the acoustic field due to structural deformations.


Assessing the traffic safety and an impact of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) on it based on collision data is a challenging task since the crashes are rare and usually there is a lack of high quality accident data. Still, in order to be able to evaluate the performance of ADAS, different Surrogate Safety Measures (SSMs) are continuously introduced in the literature. Unfortunately, single SSMs have in general a limited application scope, so that combining several SSMs seems a sensible option. However, combining them to produce a single value is difficult, as there is not a clear guideline about the different weights. Against this background, in this paper we propose a grid-based SSM characterizing the traffic safety by 6 categories ranging from conflict-free to safety critical. The advantages of the approach include the ability to perform a more comprehensive traffic safety analysis or an efficient comparison of different ADAS by their impact on safety. The latter one is illustrated by simulation-based comparison of three Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) set-ups.


AIM To study Anhui the effect of Pulmicort-Respules inhaled in treatment of children with acute wheezy disease. METHODS According to same criterion 204 children were diagnosed the acute wheezy diseage,and then,classfied into two groups at random:(1) experiment group was of 118 patients who inhaled the vaporizing agents of Pulmicort -Respules added Ipratropium bromide and Ventolin(salbutamol respirator solution). (2)control group was of 86 patients who intook the prednisone and inhaled vaporizing agents of Ipratropium bromide and salbutamol. We observed the symptoms and signs improved or not, and its durating days,and measured PEF value in. RESULTS All patients' symptoms and signs were gotten improed after therween two groups there was more different.In the experiment group:mean day of dyspnoea in patients was for 2.6±1.4 days, wheezing for 3.0±1.4 days,cough for 6.1±2.5 days,and signs in lung existed for 4.7±1.7 days.In control group: that was separatedly for 4.2±1.6 days 8.6±2.0 day,4.2±1.7 days and 5.0±1.9 days.On the other hand .,before and after therapy,children's PEF value who were older than 3years old was 109±21 and 117±19 to 169±12 and 174±16(L·min -1).Duration of disease in the experimented group was more shortened than that in the control,and the PEF value was higer in first group than that in second obviously.CONCLUTION Inhaled Pulmicort-Respules added the medicine of bronchus dilating to treat the children who surffered acute wheezy disease will reduce the durating time of syptoms and sings,and improve pulmonary fumction.So therapy time will shortened utostly.


The Markansu Valley earthquake of August 11, 1974, occurred in a structurally complex area of the northern Pamir. It was followed by more than 80 teleseismically recorded aftershocks, 13 with m/sub b/> or approx. =5.0. Fault plane solutions for the three largest aftershocks differ from one another and from the main shock and indicate both thrust and strike slip faulting. Geological mapping and aftershock locations suggest that the strike slip faulting occurred on both north and northwest trends. The region is one in which large northwest trending strike slip faults converge. To the north and south these faults are very clear topographic features. As they approach the northeastern Pamir, they become less distinct on the Landsat imagery, although they remain recognizable geologic features on the ground. The strike slip faults become less distinct toward their ends perhaps because the north-south motion is taken up progressively by east-west striking thrusts. It is not possible to fit orthogonal nodal planes to all of the observed first motions of the P waves from the main shock. This earthquake is located at the intersection of two inferred fault systems and appears to be a multiple rupture. The discrepant P wave first motions are allmore » nodal in character. If faulting occurred on more than one fault plane during the main shock, then the apparent first motions in the nodal directions of the first rupture may be anomalous and actually belong to a rupture later than the first one. We are aware of one other similar occurrence: the 1967 Mudurnu, Turkey, earthquake, for which the few anomalous P wave first motions were also nodal and for which the fault plane solutions of the main shock and the largest aftershock are very different. The concentration of large earthquakes near the intersection of two systems is also observed in Iran. The seismic moment of the main shock of the Markansu Valley sequence is about 5 x 10/sup 26/ dyn cm.« less


Rising pollution levels across the planet has been a cause of grave concern. Decarbonization efforts to curb pollutants has led to increased efforts being made to popularise Electric Vehicles. Energy rich lithium-ion batteries are driving this transportation electrification. State-of-Charge of batteries is an important indicator of the range in an Electric Vehicle. Several data-driven techniques have been employed in literature to determine the State-of-Charge of battery packs. All these techniques assume access to large amounts of curated datasets. Open access datasets lack adequate diversity and do not contain battery parameter data related to niche charging algorithms such as constant temperature or intermittent charging techniques. This limited data difficulty is further aggravated due to privacy policy constraints adopted by battery manufacturers. This paper aims to resolve the limited data challenge by using an effective deep learning based forecasting approach. The synthetic data produced from this approach is beneficial for battery researchers working in the areas of battery aging as well. The deep learning forecasting technique was evaluated on discharge and charge capacity data to test its effectiveness.


This paper deals with 2 genera and 2 species of Scutelleridae, 3genera and 6 species of Tessaratomidae, 2genera and 4 species of Dinidoridae, 24 genera and 42 species of Pentatomidae, 6 genera and 18 species of Acanthosomatidae, 2 genera and 3 species of Urostylidae, 6 genera and 13 species of Coeidae, 4 genera and 7 species of Rhopalidae, 4 genera and 4 species of Lygaeidae. All of these 21 species were newly recorded for Gansu province. All of them were collected from Southeast of Gansu (32°35′~ 34°32′N, 104°21′~106°34′E).


We study an optimal mass transport problem between two equal masses on a metric graph where the cost is given by the distance in the graph. To solve this problem we find a Kantorovich potential as the limit of $p$-Laplacian--type problems in the graph where at the vertices we impose zero total flux boundary conditions. In addition, the approximation procedure allows us to find a transport density that encodes how much mass has to be transported through a given point in the graph, and also provides a simple formula of convex optimization for the total cost.


The distribution of the heteropolysaccharide chains in the insoluble tissular network of the dogfish cornea was investigated. For this purpose, the corneas were extracted with a buffer solution composed of 1 M CaCl2, 0.05 M tris and 0.02 M citric acid to remove soluble proteins. The residual insoluble stroma was successively hydrolysed by collagenase and pronase. The glycopeptides obtained were separated by gel filtration and high voltage electrophoresis. Two types of sugar chains were detected:

(a) polyosides composed of galactose, glucose, mannose, glucosamine, fucose, xylose and sialic acid, some of them at least linked to aspartic acid (type 1);

(b) galactose or glucosidogalactose linked to hydroxylysine (type 2).

For one heteropolysaccharide chain of type 1, 6 galactosidohydroxylysines and 4 glucosidogalactosidohydroxylysines were found.

The insoluble stroma was submitted to a fractionated extraction procedure by trichloroacetic acid and water in order to remove all collagenous material. The residual structural glycoprotein exempt from hydroxyproline was hydrolysed by pronase and the glycopeptide fraction was isolated by exclusion chromatography and electrophoresis. A single major glycopeptide fraction of the type 1 containing galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose and glucosamine was obtained.

This clear-cut separation of the two types of glycopeptides by the tricholoroacetic acid treatment indicates that they are bound to different peptide chains: glycane of type 1 is bound to the peptide chain of structural glycoproteins (insoluble in hot trichloroacetic acid) and the glycane of type 2 is bound to the peptide chains of collagen (soluble in hot trichloroacetic acid).


Cloud manufacturing service composition is an important issue in the cloud manufacturing mode. Because the number of services is large scale, the problem is NP hard. The conventional algorithm cannot get the satisfactory solution in the limited time. Therefore, the heuristic algorithms are always used to solve the problem. Although they can give a feasible solution in a limited time, the precision of the solution is still to be improved. A Fuzzy operator based Bat algorithm FBAT is presented to deal with the cloud service composition problem. In FBAT, the fuzzy encoding and decoding operations are put forward to replace the original real number coding and decoding operations in the bat algorithm. In addition, a virtual bat is introduced to utilise the historical useful information to guide the flying direction of bats, which helps improve the convergence speed of the algorithm. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is promising in terms of precision, compared with the particle swarm optimisation and differential evolution algorithms.


I am writing about the paper of the above title by Vanessa Wells et al.1 I am concerned about the way they have described the origin of the patients they studied and how they have conducted and presented the results of statistical analyses. It is not at all clear how they acquired their samples of patients. For instance, they present the results of before/after studies of 190 men who underwent total knee replacement and 120 men who underwent total hip replacement, at the Daw Park Hospital. These are only a small fraction of those who underwent these procedures in South Australia during the study period;2 yet, they adduce no evidence or argument to show that their sample was a representative one. Their descriptions of the methods of statistical analysis which they used were less than clear to me. For instance, they say they used 'negative binomial regression analysis to check for an interaction between age and time'. I presume they mean binomial logistic regression analysis.3 But they do not define explicitly the model they used, neither do they explain in the text what the age · time interaction means. And they use the word 'significant' frequently, without defining what they mean by this (the convention is that two-sided P £ 0.05 is regarded as 'statistically significant'). A further, very important, point is that in their Tables 4 and 6 they test 10 simultaneous hypotheses, without correcting the values of P for this. Even a layperson can see that if enough hypotheses are tested, then by the operation of pure chance one or more of the resultant P values will be less than 0.05. Or, to put it another way, the risk of making false statistical and biological inferences is greatly inflated unless a correction is made.4,5 For instance, in their Table 7 they test three simultaneous hypotheses and assert that P = 0.042 for one of these. In reality, and after an appropriate correction, P= 0.126 – 'not significant' by the usual convention.4,5 The points that I have made above may be gobbledegook to some surgical readers, although I hope they would be understood by statisticians and those with a moderate understanding of statistics. My purpose is not to show how clever I am or how ignorant the authors of the paper, but to illustrate how difficult it is to strike a balance in biomedical articles between full and accurate description of the statistical methods used, and the interpretation of the results of these in terms that are comprehensible to the average reader – in the present case, surgeons. How best this can be carried out has exercised the minds of the editors of many biomedical journals, for instance those published by the American Physiological Society,4 and Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology5 (which, like the ANZ Journal of Surgery, is published by Blackwell Publishing). These journals have subsequently amended their instructions to authors so as to include explicit advice about statistics. In each case, the most important piece of advice is that authors should consult a qualified biostatistician, both in the design phase of a study and at the stage of analysing the results. The ANZ Journal of Surgerymight like to give consideration to following the example of these journals.


In this work, we present studies of the effects of electron-beam irradiation on the modification of single-layer graphene. Micro-Raman spectra show that the D, D′, and D + G Raman bands, which are invisible for pristine graphene, appear after the graphenes are irradiated by low-energy electron-beam irradiation (10 keV), and the intensities of these peaks increase with increasing irradiation time, indicating disorder in graphene. The characteristics of G and 2D bands of graphene are also studied before and after irradiation. In the meantime, the height of graphene is studied by atomic force microscopy and found to increase for increasing irradiation time due to the contaminant deposition on graphene. The effects introduced by irradiation can be recovered partly by vacuum annealing. These results provide important information about the modification of graphene under electron-beam irradiation.


This study investigates the application of expansion in Persian
subtitles of English films. More precisely, this study aims at
classifying the...


Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus syndrome (BRBNS) or its acronym Bean syndrome is characterized by venous malformations (MV) distributed in multiple anatomical areas, predominantly in the skin and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Symptomatology is commonly manifested with hemorrhagic episodes and consequent chronic secondary anemia due to deficit. We present the clinical case of a female albino patient of 68 years of age, who came for acute abdominal pain to this we add a chronic rectorrhagia, when performing the physical examination, the presence of venous malformations (MV) characterized by bluish, compressible and heterogeneous nodules, located in the lower lip, chin, perianal region and extremities, as well as pain on palpation in the right hypochondrium. The laboratory analysis revealed low hemoglobin and hematocrit values and other parameters suggestive of iron deficiency anemia, in the colonoscopy report multiple venous malformations (MV) were disseminated, disseminated with rectal predominance, the diagnosis was compatible with Bean Syndrome by the association of MV in skin and Gastrointestinal tract and secondary chronic anemia. The management was clinical symptomatic and palliative surgery, with a favorable evolution. The association of albinism and Bean syndrome are not reported in the international medical literature, considering this the first case in Ecuador as a not very frequent pathology but with important secondary complications, this syndrome should be included as a cause of harmless venous malformations, digestive bleeding, chronic anemia and occlusive effects of hollow viscera


The study compared perceived differences in Quality of Work‐Life (QoWL) among nurse clinicians and educators and coping strategies used by nurses.


Abstract : A semimicro spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of RDX and HMX whereby up to 11 mg of these compounds is hydrolyzed by evaporating to dryness with 5 ml of sodium hydroxide solution (2.5%), the salts are dissolved in 10 to 3 sulfuric acid, a solution of ferrous sulfate solution in 10 to 3 sulfuric acid is added, and the pink color is determined. The method is recommended for the determination of RDX and HMX in compositions containing less than 20% of these compounds. (Author)


Purpose. The clinical cases of subacute thyroiditis that occurred in patients with COVID-19 demonstrate the difficulties of interpreting clinical and laboratory signs. The importance of multiparametric ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of this pathology is shown. Materials and methods. Two cases of subacute thyroiditis caused by a coronavirus infec-tion are presented. We studied the medical histories and examination data of patients. The clinic of de Quervain's subacute thyroiditis was atypical, since it was leveled by multiple organ changes and clinical manifestations of COVID-19. The results of clinical examination, results of ultrasound exam-ination of the thyroid, sonoelastography, multispiral computed tomography of lungs and laboratory tests were studied. Conclusion. Subacute thyroiditis is one of the variants of manifestation and complication of coronavirus infection. The clinical picture of subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19 may have an atypical course due to simultaneous lesions of many organs and systems. The disease may have a blurred picture due to the use of drugs used in the treatment of coronavirus infection. The main method of diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19 is ultrasound, which allows to establish structural changes in the thyroid gland, reflecting the nature and localization of the inflammatory process. The severity of changes in the thyroid gland in COVID-associated de Quervain thyroiditis does not correlate with clinical and laboratory data. © 2021 Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. All rights reserved.


Traction alternatives viewed from the perspective of drive axis choice remain an important topic in vehicle design. Electric and hybrid vehicle design alternatives have been proposed where each axis is powered by a different engine (electric and internal combustion). This draws attention to the problem of gradeability in alternative drive axis configuration when the vehicle is towing in a steep grade, to avoid slipping. The paper demonstrates the use of analytical methods to analyze the fundamental mechanical relationships that govern the gradeability of a two axis vehicle towing a single axis trailer, considering three drive axis alternatives (Front Wheel Drive-FWD, Rear Wheel Drive-RWD and All/Four Wheel Drive-AWD/4WD). The differences between FWD and RWD are small, supporting the 4WD option as the most robust alternative, calling for 4WD selection mode in Electric Vehicles


As ureteral catheterization has become more common in everyday urology practice, complications and side effects associated with catheter insertion have also increased in frequency. Complications like dysuria, flank pain, vesicoureteral reflux, urinary tract infection or obstruction, incontinence, stent migration, stent encrustation, and stent fragmentation are among the most frequently reported ones. We report a case of knotted 70 cm 5 Fr polyurethane ureter catheter placed in a 37 year old female patient after endoscopic ureteral stone treatment which could be removed by percutaneos renal surgery after a failed retrograde ureterorenoscopic removal attempt. To our knowledge, this is the first reported knot formation in this type of ureteral catheter. We encourage correct use of catheter size and type according to the indications aiming a decrease in complication rate.


A technique for cannulating the jugular vein of turkey hens is described. The procedure is relatively easy to perform with no deleterious effects elicited by the procedure. Cannulae have remained patent for up to 1 month.


Smart Grids are able to rigorously change the current electricity system. Currently pilot project are implemented and the next step is to embed Smart Grids into the electricity system. This requires new institutions, because of the new possibilities of a Smart Grid. There are two challenges to embed the Smart Grid into a town in Shenzhen where this study was based. (1) Unequal distribution of benefits, the distribution system operator has to implement a more expensive grid which lowers sales. (2) Large electricity users which cover 70% of the total consumption do not benefit from the Smart Grid like residential and small commercial usage. To counter the first challenge trade-offs need to be made between economic viability and sustainable performance. Large electricity users could be incentive to install renewable energy sources but still remain an issue for the Smart Grid. One way or the other, strong governmental regulation is necessary since the market does not converge towards a Smart Grid.


With the rapid development of modern society politics,economy,culture,fashion design style is also increasingly diversified,and the relationship between the arts is perplexing.Since ancient times,there is a deep relationship between fashion and architecture,their common heritage,accumulated the rich cultural history.Architectural language is often used for the expression of form and connotation of costume design in interpretation and,thus promoting its aesthetic evolution.Whether it is fashion design or architectural design space are designed around the body.However,the simple or complex,deconstruction and construction are the one one most incisive display to everyone,to convey to the world.Hagel had "movement of the building"to describe the clothing,has the very strong modeling and performance,they are in the continuous integration,and promote the process of gradually developed,to decorate our world more colorful.


In conjunction with other work on the aluminum-lithium alloy system at SRL, the solubility of lithium in alpha aluminum as a function of temperature was investigated by the measurement of electrical resistivity of a series of alloys and by hardness measurements along a diffusion gradient. In addition to a revised curve for the aluminum-rich end of the aluminum-lithium constitution diagram, the attached report contains a summary of the experimental techniques, which will be of interest to others who are involved with the aluminum-lithium alloy system.


This article examines the different ways in which two nationalist movements in the late Russian Empire – Polish and Russian – depicted 'the Jew' in their respective national discourses. Throughout this article, the author traces the image of 'the Jew' in these two national discourses and focus on 'the Jews'' perceived roles as cosmopolitans, nationalists, and socialists. Also compared are Russian and Polish definitions of the Jews' foreignness and the centrality of this image of 'the Jew' in the worldview of Polish and Russian national thinkers. Despite the many differences, these two national circles exhibit strikingly similar attitudes toward Jews. Both movements saw the Jews' cosmopolitanism as integral parts of their racially and culturally determined foreignness. Moreover, the Jews' foreignness supposedly encouraged them to bring Poland and Russia under their direct rule. To achieve these goals the Jews employed national mobilisation. According to Polish and Russian nationalists, the Jews' cosmopolitanism also found its expression in the revolutionary-socialist movement that was permeated with the Jewish spirit. The charges of Russian and Polish nationalists against the Jews were determined, to a considerable degree, by their fear that the Jews could not be assimilated and made part of the Polish or Russian national 'organisms', and that this inability to assimilate 'the Jews' directly undermined the relative strength of the Polish and Russian national movements.


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The aim of this study is to analyze electronic health record (EHR) data using Mapper PLUS (MP), a new mathematical model, to classify acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients by risk of major adverse events (AE). We tested MP's ability to define patient subgroups with distinctive risk for death, heart failure or recurrent MI after revascularization. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: An EHR retrospective analysis of 797 MI patients and 29 variables (i.e., laboratory tests, imaging, vitals, and clinical traits) collected at the time of hospitalization was conducted. All patients received percutaneous coronary intervention and standard pharmacotherapy. MP analysis produced a multi-dimensional nodal graph of the patients based on similarities found within variables. Two algorithms, Walk Likelihood and Walk Likelihood Community Finder were applied to the graph which formed joint clusters according to spatial distance within nodes. The final output was three clusters for risk level evaluation. Risk level (low vs. high) was relative to the average risk of AEs for the entire cohort one year post MI. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of three patient subgroups, one (n= 318) had a >1 fold change for the probability of survival without AE when compared to the overall cohort and thus was defined as the low-risk group. The second group (n=304) had DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: MP stratifies patients into three groups according to predictive variables which relate to the risk for AE following an acute MI treatment. This is a new topological method for patient classification based on minimal input strictly from pre-collected EHR data. More cohort studies are needed to validate MP to classify patients for precision medicine.


Germany's occupational pension system should provide employees with investment choices and encourage higher participation rates. The latter goal should be realized through automatic enrollment in occupational pension schemes, giving employees the possibility to opt-out. Incentives for automatic enrollment should be set by the Occupation Pensions Act or by tax law, at least with regard to large employers. Cost-effective individual choices for employees should be promoted through including defined contribution pensions in the German Occupational Pensions Act. Offering investment alternatives with different risk profiles would allow employees to find solutions corresponding with their individual risk preferences. In light of typical German saving behavior and the corresponding expectations of beneficiaries, a traditional insurance product should be chosen as the default investment product.


In a society reliant on software, it is imperative that students are provided with appropriate skills in order to deal with ever increasing types of attack. Facilitators should provide students with an understanding both of the theoretical concepts underpinning vulnerabilities and also how to implement remediation strategies in modern object oriented programming languages.  Facilities should be provided that allow pupils to demonstrate an understanding of software constructs and practices that can result in problems either from malicious or inadvertent intent, and demonstrate how to defensively program for these in an object oriented programming language. They also need to be able to evaluate security implications and issues relevant to creating secure software. Finally, students need to be able to design and implement applications that use security management techniques. Graduating with these core skills should prepare industry better to deal with the issues they are facing daily.


In an earlier article, dermatoses associated with deficiencies of vitamins, proteins and essential fatty acids were reviewed. This article reviews the dermatoses associated with mineral deficiencies (zinc and generic dog-food skin disease, copper and iodine) and the use of dietary factors as therapeutic agents. A survey of the veterinary literature indicates that naturally-occurring mineral deficiencies are either uncommon or rare, especially now that complete, balanced diets are readily available, and that zincresponsive dermatosis is the most frequently seen of all the nutritional dermatoses. Dietary factors are increasingly employed therapeutically. Essential fatty acids, vitamin A and retinoids are frequently employed to treat seborrhoeic conditions while nicotinamide is often used in combination with tetracyclines to treat immune-mediated conditions.


Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) received one set of Solvent Hold Tank (SHT) samples (MCU-15-815-816-817-818-819-820), pulled on 11/29/2015 for analysis. The samples were inspected, combined, and analyzed for composition. Chemical analysis of the composite sample MCU-15-815-816-817-818-819-820 indicated the TiDG, Isopar™L, and MaxCalix are at nominal levels. The modifier concentration is 3% below its nominal concentration. This analysis confirms the addition of TiDG, MaxCalix, and modifier to the solvent on November 28, 2015. Based on the current monthly sample, the levels of TiDG, Isopar™L, MaxCalix, and modifier are sufficient for continuing operation but are expected to decrease with time. Periodic characterization and trimming additions to the solvent are recommended. No impurities above the 1000 ppm level were found in this solvent by the Semi-Volatile Organic Analysis (SVOA). No impurities were observed in the Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HNMR). However, up to 12.5 ± 3 micrograms of mercury per gram of solvent (or 10.4 μg/mL) was detected in this sample. The solids residues found at the bottom of the p-nut vial from sample MCU-15-815 were determined to be left-over pipe residues that were flushed into the sample and they were found to have no impact on the solvent purity or on themore » chemical and physical properties of the solvent. The laboratory will continue to monitor the quality of the solvent in particular for any new impurities or degradation of the solvent components.« less


ABSTRACT Introduction Ocular surface pain has been traditionally lumped under the umbrella term 'dry eye' (DE) but is now understood as its own entity and can occur in the absence or presence of tear dysfunction. Identifying patients at risk for the development of chronic ocular surface pain, and factors contributing to its severity are important in providing precision medicine to patients. Areas covered In this review, we discuss factors linked to the presence and severity of ocular surface pain, including eye-related features, systemic characteristics, and environmental findings. We discuss corneal nerves, whose anatomic and functional integrity can be characterized through in vivo confocal microscopy images and testing of corneal sensitivity. We review systemic diseases that are comorbid with ocular surface pain, including physical and mental health diagnoses. Finally, we identify environmental contributors, including air pollution, previous surgeries, and medications, associated with ocular surface pain. Expert opinion Intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to ocular surface pain and must be considered when evaluating an individual patient. These factors can inform the suspected etiology of the pain, and guide management decisions such as tear replacement or medications targeting nerve pain.


The reaction of a variety of aryl bromides with ester (II) affords the products with moderate to good high yields.


Silica-rich sodium borosilicate glasses with varying R' values have been prepared using conventional melt quenching method,where R' represents the ratio of(Na2O-Al2O3) and B2O3.The structure and properties have been investigated by the FTIR spectra,rotating crucible viscometer and thermal expanse dilatometer.The results show that the viscosity dependence of temperature is accord with Arrhenius law in the high temperature range.The non-bridging oxygen increases due to the increase of R',which leads to obvious decease of high temperature viscosity and melting temperature.Thermal expanse coefficient increases linearly with R' when R' exceeds 0.5,and the glass transformation temperature increases to 590 ℃.The fraction of [BO3]and[BO4]and the integrity of Si-O network are controlled mainly by R',then decide properties of borosilicate glasses.


Glass as a building material is used in a multitude of new applications like modern glass facades or roof constructions. Important points in these times are a contribution to a positive energy balance. So the application of solar panels becomes more and more important. There are on the one side different techniques to combine the photovoltaic element with the glass pane. On the other side there are different possibilities of the fixing of the solar panel: Linear or in points. First some basics about the topics glass and solar are explained. The "traditional" systems for fixing of solar panels and also a very new system are presented very short; more detail information can be found in other publications. In addition to this paper in the presentation technical aspects like principle design rules, static calculation of solar panels and substructure are presented as well as some build examples.


Wind erosion is considered a major global environmental problem. Dust storms from the migration of sand dunes can seriously damage civil, industrial, and agricultural areas and a method to stabilize these sand dunes is mulching. The present study investigates the feasibility of using organic wastes of Press mud and Dunder with clay for the production of environmentally-friendly mulches. Sandy soil from the Dejgah Region, Fars Province, has been used as bed treatment. The treatments have been prepared, using different ratios of the above mentioned materials and 250 ml of water has been added to the each mulch combination to be sprinkled on a plot of sand, 50 × 30 × 1 cm in size. The research has measured Mechanical parameters such as Compressive Resistance (CR), Abrasion Resistance (AR), and Impact Resistance (IR), created by mulches, along with Wind Erodibility (WE) of the treatments and has analyzed the resultant measured data by means of SPSS software. An increase in the fraction of organic wastes has significantly increased CR, IR, and AR values, thus reducing WE. Higher amounts of organic matter and clay increase the CR and the application of 100g Dunder plus 100g Clay has been considered the best composition of organic mulch for stabilization of sand dunes.


Triacetonamine reacts with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in MeOH to give an ordinary adduct, aminomaleate 2, while in aprotic solvents quinuclidine 1 is formed under mild conditions and in high yield; its structure is confirmed by spectroscopic methods as well as X-ray diffraction analysis. A mechanism of autoassembling is proposed, and chemical transformations of 1 with retention of quinuclidine nucleus are studied.


This paper is dedicated to road object detection in urban environment using Deep Learning Neural Networks (DLNN). We have chosen the advanced architecture YOLOv5 trained on COCO 2017 dataset (containing 80 classes of objects in 1.5 million images) and we have specialized YOLOv5 to recognize objects from BDD100K dataset (Berkeley Diverse Driving Video Database, including 100,000 images). We have kept eight classes from BDD100K: car, truck, person, traffic sign, traffic light, bus, rider and bike. The object detection performance (average precision) obtained in this paper for BDD100K dataset is the highest, compared with previous published approaches for the same dataset, and the highest for the mapping of YOLOv5 and BDD100K dataset. The research results prove that one can apply state of the art cutting edge deep learning technologies to open new perspectives for automotive industry.


Strongly c-axis oriented Pb (ZrxTi1-x) O3 thin films were successfully grown on (100) Pt/(100) MgO substrate using the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method. The electrical properties of PZT thin films with thickness of 2μm are almost the same values of PZT single crystal. But they sharply change below film thickness of 0.5μm: dielectric constant and remanent polarization decrease, and coercive field increases. These phenomena are explained by the model that low dielectric constant layer exist in series with normal PZT layer. The origins of this layer is considered to be the intrinsic stress produced by the coalescence of crystal grains.


Spatial non-stationary stochastic response of train-bridge coupling system was analyzed,taking a three-span simply supported girder bridge as example.The response calculated when the coupling system is only under the determinable load was looked as the simulated mean value of response.Pseudo-excitation method(PEM) was applied to transform the track irregularities into the superposition of a series of deterministic pseudo harmonic surface unevenness.Auto-spectral density of the response was integrated to find the mean-square deviation.Maximum and minimum values of the response were obtained based on 3 principle.Larger value between the absolue values of the maximum and minimum was taken as the representative value of the response.Varying trend of the response was discussed under different speeds.The results show that the acceleration of car body,lateral response at bridge midspan and lateral wheel/rail force are of strong randomness and track irregularities are the major influential factor.Vertical response at bridge midspan and vertical wheel/rail force were caused mainly by the determinable load.Response of the bridge does not increase with the increase of train velocity,but response of car body and wheel/rail force do increase montonely.


This paper proposes a novel user-preference-aware power scheduling scheme for application at an electric vehicle (EV) charging facility. Here, the preference of the EV user is characterized as a utility function by considering two different factors: 1) a satisfaction factor according to the charged energy, and 2) payment for the received charging service. As a key component of the power scheduling method, this paper proposes a two-stage power charging method and analyzes the advantage of the proposed method from a monetary perspective. In addition, this paper analyzes the economic benefits of a charging facility and EVs using the single-leader, multi-follower Stackelkberg game. By showing the existence of a unique best response for each participant, this paper presents the improvement of financial profit of EV users and charging facility through comparison with the case where the charging facility does not apply a proper power management scheme. Based on the actual world datasets, this paper shows that the proposed power scheduling scheme is feasible for actual environment. With satisfying the constraints, it is possible to reduce overall electricity cost up to 8.59% compared to the case without considering the peak power in EV charging facility.


The fine regulation of actin polymerization is essential to control cell motility, architecture and to perform essential cellular functions. Formins are key regulators of actin filament assembly, known to processively elongate filament barbed ends and increase their polymerization rate. Based on indirect observations, different models have been proposed to describe the molecular mechanism governing the processive motion of formin FH2 domains at polymerizing barbed ends. Using electron microscopy, we directly identified two conformations of the mDia1 formin FH2 domains in interaction with the barbed ends of actin filaments. These conformations agree with the open and closed conformations of the "stair stepping" model proposed by Otomo and colleagues1. We observed the FH2 dimers to be in the open conformation for 79% of the data, interacting with the two terminal actin subunits of the barbed end, while they interact with three actin subunits in the closed conformation. Further, our data reveal that the open state encompasses a continuum of states where the orientation of the leading FH2 domain with respect to the filament long axis varies from 108 to 135 degrees. In addition, we identified FH2 domains encircling the core of actin filaments, providing structural information for mDia1 away from the barbed end. Based on these direct observations, we propose a model of formin in interaction with the growing filament end, as well as with the core of the filament.


In order to solve the problem that a single vibration alarm value can not satisfy the actual operation in the monitoring process of current hydroelectric generating units.Based on the experimental data of the rising-water test of TGP,we propose the prediction model of artificial neural network for vibration of hydroelectric generating units monitoring parts based on BP algorithm,and give the specific algorithm.The results show that the model can effectively predict the vibration of hydroelectric generating units on the basis of detailed data,and false alarms of the generating units can be reduced availably to improve the effectiveness of alarm by setting the reasonable alarm threshold space.


By analyzing the diffraction pattern of a fluorescent submicron particle with a defocus distance out of the focal plane, the particle's position in the axis direction can be determined, and then the particle can be positioned in three dimensions. Associated with the PIV technology for 2-D flow-fields, 3-D velocity distribution of a flow-field can be obtained by the fluorescent particle holographic image velocimetry technology.


Asuragen has developed bioinformatics tools for migrating candidate biomarkers discovered using a microarray platform to a clinically relevant, quantitative real-time PCR [reverse transcriptase (RT)-qPCR] platform. These tools take into account the fact that different platforms may measure the expression level for a gene differently due to platform-specific technical variance and noise. Without the consideration of such noise, an inefficient classifier may emerge from the platform migration. Successful migration requires the selection of biomarkers and models that will be most adaptable to platform transitions. This paper highlights the key steps needed to translate genomic signatures into clinically robust predictive models.


The rescuer's performance falls into the category of "hard work", in terms of effort, far exceeding the average overall labor consumption of the worker from the active fronts of work. This character, of hard work, is also imprinted by the fact that the professional effort contains several static components and large amplitude oscillations, regarding the level of maximum efforts. The longer they last, the harder is the work. Training is a process of psychophysiological preparation through which an increased performance is obtained in the professional activity of rescuers. The maximum performance is obtained by raising the functional capacity of the body to the highest degree. For this it is necessary to use the systematic and methodical exercise according to pedagogical rules. The paper presents the evolution of physiological parameters, as well as the structuring of the physical effort of rescue personnel in the process of practical training in the mobile training facility, with the aim of preparing rescue teams for situations close to real ones. The mobile training facility consists of a physical training space (endless ladder, impact device, treadmill, elliptical bike, stepper), an indoor training circuit and a control room that allows the coordination of all activities.


The title compound, C27H25Cl2N3, is an unexpected but high-yield product from the microwave-mediated reaction between 3-tert-butyl-N-4-chlorobenzyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine and 4-chlorobenzaldehyde. Inversion-related pairs of molecules are linked by C-H···π(arene) hydrogen bonds to form cyclic centrosymmetric dimers, and dimers of this type are linked into sheets by two independent π-π stacking interactions.


A primary investigation on the characteristics of the gas-liquid reaction between SO2, NOx from gas stream and the aqueous solution of heteropoly compound was conducted, from which the main factors affecting the process were figured out. These include the concentration and composition of the absorbent solution, temperature, the presence of O2 in the gas stream, as well as the residence time of the gas in the scrubber.


One of the most important tasks which has been assigned to Korean society is how to prevent widespread corruption, especially in administrative organizations. Corruption, has brought about not only obstacles to her democratic experience but also a failure of democracy and national development in Korea. Although many political and bureaucratic elites attempted to control such corruption in the country, they themselves have been corrupted in the process of administrative implementation. Their efforts to control corruption have been inadequate. As a matter of fact, the economic development and strong national security have not guaranteed the honest democratic development in Korea because corruption has a deleterious, so often devastating, effect on administrative performance and economic and political development. That is, corruption itself has showed such a dysfunction that it may have corroded public confidence; raised serious conflict between the government and the people, or different strata by perverting public organizations' processes and even goals. This paper deals with several issues : (1) by examining existing administrative corruption theories. (2) by tracing the causes of administrative corruption in Korea. (3) by building various prevention strategies of corruption. First, pertaining to theories of administrative corruption, I attempted to examine existing approaches, and developed my own integrated approach to find the source of corruption by comparing the related variables of corruption phenomena. Second, I explained the causes of administrative corruption focused on contextual, structural, power cultural, macro, military cultural, civic cultural, and political economic analysis. Therefore, it seems to be immature to think that only one variable causes corruption. Then, I discussed the major issue of this paper : the prevention of corruption. For a new democratic society in the 6th Republic of Korea, its importance can not be emphasized too much. The prevention strategies of administrative corruption focus on the following : administrative innovation strategy, administrative ethical education and discipline strategy, civic cultural strategy, nation-wide anti-corruption campaign strategy, decentralization and autonomy strategies, and administrative evaluation strategy. In particular, I attempted to emphasize the importance of anti-corruption strategy focused on integrated prevention of corrupt acts, by illustrating the cases of several countries such as the Republic of China (Taiwan), Philippines, India, and Singapore comparatively. Finally, I conveyed the idea that the most desirable result would be produced if the corruption strategies were applied simultaneously because the biased anti-corruption strategy might not be efficient and effective for organizational objectives. However, I concluded that prevention strategies would work best if public officers and citizens show strong moral confidence and conviction in terms of administrative philosophy.


INTRODUCTION: The suppurative acute parotitis is a bacterial infection caused more frequently by the S. aureus (80%). Before the antibiotics were discovered, this manifestation appeared after an abdominal surgery. Nowadays, it is considered a rare event (0.01% incidence) and it is seen in weakened and dehydrated patients. When a bilateral affectation, a differential diagnosis must be done between infectious diseases as the HIV, tumors as the Whartin ones, autoimmune diseases as the Sjogren syndrome and iatrogenic as a consequence of general anesthesia. The most frequent clinical features are the gland induration, heat, blushing, fever and pain. The Stenon duct may be flushed and it may drain purulent content when the gland is massaged. The use of images such as an ultrasound or a CT scan, it may help reaching a diagnosis and discarding the presence of purulence within the parenchyma. The treatment of this disease is based on antibiotic therapy and hydration. Nevertheless, a surgical drainage is sometimes needed when there is not a clinical improvement or the facial nerve is compromised. METHODS: A 61-year-old patient with a partial bowel obstruction is admitted to the Intensive Care Unit because of a sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. A consult is made to the otolaryngologists because of the appearance of bilateral bacterial parotitis. During the physical exam, severe mucosal dehydration and an increase of both parotid glands are noticed. These are painful when are touched and plenty of pus is drained through the left Stenon duct after its massage. A culture of pus and the hemoculture are positive for meticilin sensible Staphilococcus aureus , indicating the parotitis as the main cause of the sepsis. An ultrasound is made at both the glands in various occasions to assess the need to drain any collection of pus, otherwise no liquid collections are seen. An MRI is made, revealing the presence of multiple collections bilaterally, most of them under a centimeter, the biggest one is in the superficial area of the left parotid gland. Serologies are made in order to dismiss the presence of HIV. After intravenous antibiotic therapy, the patient slowly recovered and could be released from the hospital. Nowadays, she is waiting for a left parotidectomy to be performed on her. CONCLUSIONS: The appearance of a bilateral suppurative parotitis after a surgery with preoperative antibiotic therapy is unusual. When it does appear, some important complications such as an infectious sepsis must take into consideration. A good differential diagnosis should be made in order to discard any underlying diseases that may be the cause of it. This disease's treatment consists in the intravenous antibiotic therapy, together with the purulence drainage through the Stenon duct or by performing an open surgery.


This article sets out the main essential features of the digital generation that influence the motivation, methods and means for education, the possibilities for education are explored and new forms and means of education are proposed through the use of innovative educational technologies and the transformation of the education system for the purpose of increasing the educational-disciplinary quality.


I estimate the effects of the 2000's commodity boom over output growth and inflation in Argentina, as well as in the other major Latinamerican economies. My goal is to see whether commodity shocks had diverse effects between the former and the latter during the boom. My conclusions rely on the estimation of a structural Vector Autoregression where the selection of variables is conditional on the dynamics observed in a standard New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model. The results indicate that the exchange rate policy was more active in Argentina than in the other countries during the boom: i.e., that the Argentinean monetary authority pursued a stronger leaning against the wind policy and had more fear for appreciation than its regional counterparts. As a consequence, I evidence that the country benefited from a stronger impact on output growth at the expense of higher inflation and volatility. Hence, this can explain part of the higher inflation in Argentina, as well as its larger volatility in prices and output, when compared to the other nations during the analyzed years.


Five volatile thiols previously identified in Sauvignon blanc wines, 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (4MMP), 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-ol (4MMPOH), 3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol (3MMB), 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3MH) and 3-mercaptohexyl acetate (A3MH) were found to be present in wines made from several other white Vitis vinifera grape varieties. An assay of these volatile thiols showed that concentrations of 4MMP, 3MH, and A3MH were considerably higher than the perception thresholds in certain wines made from Gewurztraminer, Riesling, Colombard, Petit Manseng, and botrytized Semillon. The impact of volatile thiols on the aromas of wines made from these grape varieties was investigated for the first time.


Currently, it is obvious [1] that nonstationary tasks of quantum mechanics in more degree differ from those of classical physics than stationary ones. Accordingly, time- domain quantum optics experiments are very important for deepening our knowledge of quantum dynamics. It appears that a single-photon wave (SPW-) packets [2] are the best objects of quantum optics for investigation of the quantum dynamics at macroscopic level. One of the fundamental problems herein is the comprehension of interactions of quantum fields (SPW4MIN and TPW-packets) with macroscopic media. In particular, this is immediately associated with development of our knowledge about the fundamental properties of the irreversibility and of detecting quantum fields. At present, our notion about interaction of quantum fields with a detector, is mainly based on the phenomenological approaches to the properties of the detector [3]. That is why more exact quantum models of macroscopic detectors must be investigated. One of the macroscopic objects, which can be interesting for these purposes is the resonant quantum (Two-,Three-level) medium with phase memory intensively studied in coherent optics. Unusual properties of quantum time-domain interference effects and of photon echoes initiated in resonant media by interactions with an SPW-packet, have been predicted in our works 4LB4-6]. In the present paper study of the quantum dynamics at interaction of the field with the medium we will carry out by investigation of the two photon echo properties. At that, we consider interaction of a three- level (TL-) medium with polarized two-photon wave packets for the purpose of eliciting new nonclassical polarization properties in quantum dynamics of the echo signals.


A small-scale physical modelling method was developed to study the movement of clay during pile installation. The clay was simulated using a mixture of amorphous silica and mineral oil, which becomes almost transparent when the refractive indices of the oil and the silica are well matched. After adding reflective particles and consolidating the mixture in a transparent container, cylindrical model piles were driven vertically at the centre. A vertical section aligned with the pile centreline was illuminated by a laser light sheet, and a sequence of digital images was recorded. These were analysed using particle image velocimetry, and the complete displacement distribution during the pile installation was obtained. Notwithstanding some discrepancies at shallow depths, the observed displacements generally showed fairly good agreement with the theoretical predictions of the shallow strain path method (SSPM) once the effect of some soil trapped beneath the flat pile tip was taken into account. Normalisation of the horizontal and vertical components of movement employing both the pile length and radius, based on SSPM theory, was shown to be valid. The normalised vertical displacement contours were similar to those published by previous researchers. The results of this study could be used to assess the impact of disturbance due to pile installation on, for example, buried services or archaeology.


There is currently a perceived rift between environmental and free trade interests. This paper demonstrates a framework for analyzing the environmental and welfare effects of various pollution control and trade policies. We find little room for this divergence in interests and recommend cooperation rather than antagonism on the global issue.


The precipitation behaviors of γ′ phases and distribution coefficients of Ni,Al and W between γ and γ′ phases in the Co-Ni-Al-W-Cr alloy were studied by thermodynamic analysis method.The effect of distribution coefficient of Ni between γ and γ′ phases on the alloy strengthening was also discussed.The results show that the stability of the γ′ phase can be enhanced by the addition of Ni.The homogeneity range of the γ′ phase can be enlarged with the increasing of Ni content,which shows that Ni can improve the working temperature of the Co-Al-W-based superalloys.In Co-Al-W-Ni-Cr alloys,the x(Al)/x(W) ratio has an effect on the distribution coefficient Kγ′/γNi of Ni between γ and γ′ phases.Kγ′/γNi has a maximum value of 1.24 when x(Al)/x(W) ratio is 2.60.The results can be used for the developing new-type Co-based superalloy.


Although studies of a number of parallel implementations of logic programming languages are now available, the results are difficult to interpret due to the multiplicity of factors involved, the effect of each of which is difficult to separate. In this paper we present the results of a highlevel simulation study of or- and independent and-parallelism with a wide selection of Prolog programs that aims to facilitate this separation. We hope this study will be instrumental in better understanding and comparing results from actual implementations, as shown by an example
in the paper. In addition, the paper examines some of the issues and tradeoffs associated with the combination of and- and or-parallelism and proposes reasonable solutions based on the simulation data.


Abstract The subcellular distribution of phosphoprotein phosphatases which release orthophosphate from phosphoprotein was studied in rat cerebral cortex. In contrast to several other tissues examined, more than 50% of the total protein phosphatase activity in rat cerebral cortex was found in the particulate fractions; the activity was especially high in the crude mitochondrial fraction. Further subfractionation of the crude mitochondrial fraction by sucrose density gradient centrifugation showed that, among the membrane fractions, the specific activity of protein phosphatase was highest in the fractions rich in synaptic membranes and lowest in the mitochondria. A considerable amount of the enzyme activity in synaptic and microsomal membranes existed in a latent form which could be partially unmasked by treatment with Triton X-100. The specific activity of the protein phosphatase of the cell sap and of the synaptoplasm was considerably higher than that of the membrane fractions. Column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose resolved the protein phosphatase activity of the cell sap into three distinct protein phosphatases, which were clearly distinguished from membrane enzyme by differences in substrate specificity and metal ion requirements. The soluble protein phosphatases, but not the enzyme released from the synaptic plasma membrane fraction by Triton X-100 treatment, were specifically activated by manganese chloride. Endogenous membrane protein was found to be the best among several phosphorylated proteins examined as substrates for membrane-bound protein phosphatase. Both membrane-bound and soluble protein phosphatase exhibited pH optima in the neutral range. Protein phosphatase catalyzed the stoichiometric release of orthophosphate from a phosphoserine residue of protamine. This was the only amino acid residue in protamine and histones which appeared to be phosphorylated by an adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase purified from bovine brain.


PURPOSE. To review the clinical findings and implications of central serous retinopathy in patients with leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case report is presented, and the literature was reviewed. RESULTS: The procedures commonly used to confirm leukemic involvement of the eye have historically been invasive. Ocular involvement in these patients generally heralds a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: B-scan ultrasonography can be considered for the work-up of central serous retinopathy in patients with leukemia. Aggressive therapeutic intervention should begin immediately when ocular signs occur.


Abstract : This report describes a noise correlation processor for automatic low frequency noise power spectra measurements, theoretical analysis of hot electron effects and trapping noise in silicon charge coupled devices, small-signal equivalent circuit measurement of SiO2-Si interface states, the voltage stimulated capacitance transient spectroscopy (VSCTS or DLTS) of silicon bulk deep levels due to impurities and ion implantation damage for buried channel CCD, spurious DLTS surface signal, and CCD performance limitations by interband impact ionization effects due to high electric field in the gap and under the gate of CCD. (Author)


Although salt marsh is a classic example of primary succession, the underlying mechanisms and their time‐scales are poorly understood. As salt marsh succession depends on sediment accretion, the amelioration of abiotic conditions associated with increasing elevation suggests potential explanatory roles for facilitation, competition and the stress‐gradient hypothesis. We present a 35‐year longitudinal study of salt marsh development from intertidal flat to a mid‐marsh platform at Odiel Marshes in south‐western Iberia. Using permanent plots, this work chronicles changes in elevation and marsh morphology, their evolving effects on sediment redox potential and salinity and the colonisation and changing patterns of dominance of halophytic species. Sporadically colonising clumps of the low‐marsh species Spartina maritima trapped sediment to form raised tussocks, which increased in elevation and area. Reduced tidal inundation and locally improved drainage promoted higher redox potentials and allowed colonisation by a sequence of species less tolerant of reducing conditions: Sarcocornia perennis, its hybrid with high‐marsh S. fruticosa, and Atriplex portulacoides. Unlike its centrifugally colonising predecessors, A. portulacoides invaded from the tussock edges. Transplant experiments designed to investigate its late establishment on tussocks showed that seedling survival depended on elevational differences as small as 4 cm. After increasing in elevation by c. 1 m (c. 29 mm/year), coalescence of the tussocks formed a marsh platform at a level corresponding to mean high tides. This supports a theoretical punctuated transition from 'submergence marsh' to 'emergence marsh', previously postulated for this tidal elevation. Synthesis. The unexpected rapidity of this primary succession highlights the central role of facilitation. Vertical sediment accretion, locally engineered by colonising species, progressively alleviates abiotic stress and allows colonisation by species that are less tolerant of chemically reducing conditions but are ultimately better competitors.


The wind turbine comprises a vertical axis and a wind guiding case (2,2.1) that rotates with the rotor blades (3) and has depressions. The wind guiding case is fixed and circulated before the rotor blades. The part of the mast (1) rotates before the rotor blades, where brackets (4) are provided for the rotor blades.


The formation process of a thin oxide film on liquid Ga is studied in situ using scanning ion microprobe imaging analysis. Oxide clusters form spontaneously on the liquid surface exposed to oxygen at room temperature. Small clusters diffuse and aggregate to form large clusters, and the process eventually leads to the formation of a thin porous oxide film. The fractal dimension of the oxide clusters is ∼1.4. The total number of clusters in the system decays exponentially with time, while the average cluster size increases exponentially with time. These results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations based on different models of particle–particle and cluster–cluster aggregation.


Within the EuroNet-PHL-C2 study the iPET result has an impact on the further treatment. The iPET assessment is done quantitatively by the qPET method (mean SUV of the hottest connected voxel inside the tumor divided by mean SUV of the liver). A qPET-value < 1.30 corresponds to a Deauville score ≤ 3 and implies omission of radiotherapy (RTx). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the PSF reconstruction on the further treatment decision in comparison to a pure Ordered-subset-expectationmaximization reconstruction without PSF (OSEM) (current standard).


In this paper, a study is presented in which piezoelectric microbenders were fabricated and tested to demonstrate energy generating performance. Trapezoidal and diagonal (with respect to the substrate crystal directions) unimorph PZT cantilever benders with interdigitated electrode patterns were utilized. The interdigitated design is beneficial for microenergy harvesting devices because it utilizes the d 33 mode, which can generate higher voltage than the d 31 mode design. It can also eliminate the bottom electrode by only using an interdigitated top electrode, which facilitates fabrication, as opposed to the d 31 mode design that requires both top and bottom electrodes. The micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) benders fabricated in this study consist of layers of SiO 2 /SiN x /ZrO 2/ PZT and AulCr interdigitated electrode on the top. The experimental results indicate that the fundamental frequencies of the microbenders are about 9.1 kHz for the trapezoidal bender and 18.48 kHz for the diagonal bender. The microtrapezoidal bender can generate power of approximately 1.4 μW into a 680 kΩ resistive load at the resonant frequency. The diagonal bender can generate power of about 18.2 μW into a 100 kΩ resistive load at the resonant frequency.


An in vitro propagation protocol for Bidens odorata Cav. was developed by culturing nodal stem segments on Murashige and Skoog medium added with cytokinins. The best results were 5.5 ± 0.4 shoots per explant with benzyladenine, and 4.9 ± 0.3 with N6-(2-isopentenyl)-adenine. Their susceptibility to genetic transformation with three strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes was also evaluated. The best was the A4/pESC4 strain, at a bacterial density of 10 CFU mL, which generated stable and active growth transformed roots cultures with a biomass accumulation of 4.8 times the initial inoculum at the third week of culture. The Torres-García, B.E.; J.F. Morales-Domínguez, S. Fraire-Velázquez, y E. Pérez-Molphe-Balch GENERACIÓN DE CULTIVOS DE RAÍCES


We report coherent emission behavior of high-β metallic coaxial nanolasers under pulsed illumination conditions. Time-resolved photon statistical measurements show a transition from thermal to coherent emission within the envelope of the excitation pulse.


The object of studies presented in the article are the designations of colours documented in the novel by Henryk Sienkiewicz entitled In Desert and Wilderness. Against all appearances, it is not the issue treated only marginally by the writer, which may be a little surprising if we take into account the character of the book (an adventure novel for youth, focused basically on the lively, attracting attention plot and not on extensive author's narration). The author of the article distinguishes more than a dozen of groups of realities especially often characterised from the point of view of their colours. Primarily, these are the descriptions concerning the world of African flora and fauna – exotic for the Polish reader. As it results from the conducted studies, the attention of Sienkiewicz is mainly drawn to the colours of animals, especially birds. It is likely that the writer's predilection for hunting played here a decisive role. African flora is basically presented in the form of colourful spots against the background of greenery, and not by detailed descriptions of the appearance of individual representatives of a given species. Additionally, the writer's interest is aroused by changes of colours of the sky and the whole surrounding world depending on the time of day, atmospheric conditions, light intensity (mainly sunrises and sunsets). In the descriptions of people, the narrator pays attention to the differences in the skin colour of the Europeans, Blacks and Arabs. Sienkiewicz devoted less attention to the colours of clothes or ornaments worn by African residents. The lexis used in the novel, belonging to the field of colours, although semantically quite rich and formally varied, is not very original. There dominate here typical adjectival designations used in their basic meanings, instead of inventive comparisons or metaphors, e.g., bialy (white), czarny (black), czerwony (red), zielony (green), zolty (yellow), niebieski (blue), rozowy (pink), szary (grey), srebrny (silver), zloty (gold). In the studied novel, the field of red has been documented with most examples (e.g., czerwonoskory (red-skinned), czerwony (red), koralowy (coral), krwawy (bloody), ognisty (fiery), purpurowy (purple), wiśniowy (cherry), zaczerwieniony (reddened); czerwono (red), pąsowo (bright red), wiśniowo (cherry); purpura (purple), rubin (ruby); czerwienic sie (to become red), zaczerwienic sie (to redden)), and further on: the field of white (for example: bialawy (whitish), bialy (white), pobladly (pale), śniezny (snowy), wybielony (whitened), zbielaly (bleached); bialo (white); pobielenie (whitening); blednąc (to become pale), bielic sie (to grow white), pobielec (to become white), poblednąc (to grow pale), wybielec (to grow white), zabielic sie (to paint white), zblednąc (to turn pale)), the field of blue (for example: blekitnawy (bluish), blekitny (azure), granatowy (navy blue), jasnoniebieski (light blue), niebieski (blue), sinawy (glaucous), siny (livid), siwoblekitny (grey blue); blekitno (blue); blekit (azure); siniec (to become livid)), the field of green (for example: ciemnozielony (dark green), jasnozielony (bright green), koloru morskiej wody (the colour of sea-water), szarozielony (grey-green), zielonawy (greenish), zielony (green); zielonawo (greeny), zielono (green); zielonośc (greenness)), and also the field of black (for example: barwy wegla (the colour of coal), czarny (black), poczernialy (blackened), sczernialy (turned black); czarno (black); czerniec (to grow black), czernic sie (to go black), sczerniec (to grow black)), the field of grey (for example: plowoszary (tan-grey), popielaty (ash-coloured), stalowy (steel-like), szary (grey), szyfrowy (slate), zielonoszary (green-grey); poszarzec (to become grey)), the field of brown (for example: brunatny (tawny), kasztanowy (auburn), opalony (suntanned), rudy (ginger), smagly; opalac sie (to bronze), opalic sie (to get a suntan)), the field of yellow (for example: cynamonowy (cinnamon), plowozolty (buff-yellow), plowy (buff), woskowy (wax), zolty (yellow)), the field of silver (for example: srebrny (silver), srebrzysty (silvery); srebrno (silver); posrebrzec (to silver-plate), rozsrebrzyc (to become silvery)), the field of pink (for example: rozany, rozowy; rozowo; rozowiec), the field of gold (for example: zloty (golden); zloto (gold); zlocic sie (to show golden)) and the field of violet (for example: lila (lilac), liliowy (lilac); ametyst (amethyst)). In the field of varied colours we can find, among others, such designations as: pregowany (striped), pstry (spotted), siedmiobarwny (seven-coloured), roznobarwny (many-coloured), roznokolorowy (colourfull), drgac odblaskami pawich pior (tremble with reflections of peacock feathers), mienic sie jak opale (to shimmer like opals), mienic sie jak tecza (to shimmer like a rainbow), mienic sie i grac wszelkimi barwami jak wielkie kwiaty (to glitter and play with all colours like huge flowers), przybrac barwe muszli perlowej (to assume the colour of a pearl conch). Among the general descriptions of colours we can enumerate the adjective kolorowy (colourful) and the expression jaskrawo upierzony (brightly feathered), which can signify both mono-, as well as multi- colours of the realities being described. In the studied novel, there are quite numerous examples of words from the field signalling different intensity of light, from full brightness to absolute darkness, for instance: blady (pale), blado (pale), blask (radiance), blednąc (to grow pale), jasny (bright), rozjaśnic (to light up), światlo (light), ciemny (dark), ciemno (dark), ciemnośc/ciemnośc tak gesta, ze prawie namacalna (darkness/darkness so thick as almost touchable), cma (moth), mrok (dimness), pociemniec (to make dark), ściemnic sie (to become dark). Two adjectives designating colours manifest the greatest frequency, i.e., bialy (white) (106 occurrences in the text) and czarny (black) (58 occurrences), and subsequently – according to the frequency of use – the adjectives: czerwony – red (24), rozowy – pink (16), zielony – green (13), zolty – yellow (10), plowy – buff (9), szary – grey (9), srebrny – silver (7), niebieski – blue (6), zloty – gold (6), bialawy – whitish (5), blekitny – blue (5), purpurowy – purple (5), popielaty – ash-coloured (4). Additionally, attention should be brought to the designations of colours in less typical forms, e.g., comparisons, metonymy, metaphor. Among the comparative expressions we can find the designations frequently used in Polish, such as: bialy jak kreda/mleko/papier/śnieg (as white as chalk/milk/paper/snow), czarny jak aksamit/kir/noc (as black as velvet/pall/night ), czarno jak w piwnicy (as black as in the cellar), czerwony jak krew (as red as blood), szary jak mysz (as grey as a mouse). Among the designations of colours which are less typical than the ones mentioned above there are collocations such as: drgac odblaskami pawich pior (tremble with reflections of peacock feathers), miec barwe czystego ametystu (to have the colour of pure amethist), przybrac barwe muszli perlowej (to assume the colour of a pearl conch), mienic sie jak opale (to shimmer like opals), mienic sie jak tecza (to shimmer like a rainbow). There is definitely more information about the colours of the world depicted in the studied novel by Sienkiewicz than in The Trilogy written by the same author, especially when we take into account the differences in length of the analysed writings. In the novel In Desert and Wilderness there dominate the descriptions of colours of nature—which is exotic for Polish readers—rather than people, which results, among others, in greater frequency of designations from the colour field ascribed to African flora (green and pink) if we compare it with The Trilogy.


Lubricating oil carries important health information of operating machines, and oil replacement scheme is crucial for ensuring machine health, reducing operation costs, and improving machine availability. However, few works have been done on the determination of reasonable replacement time for lubricating oil in the industry. Therefore, the main motivation of this article is to present a replacement scheme based on the Bayesian approach to detect and prevent the potential failures of lubricating oil. A three-state statistical model based on the hidden Markov chain is applied to characterize oil deterioration, which contains partially observable healthy and unhealthy states, and an observable failure state. A novel Bayesian control scheme for oil replacement based on the hidden stochastic process is proposed under the objective of long-term expected average availability maximization. A computational algorithm in a semi-Markov decision process is presented to estimate the optimal decision variable of the Bayesian control chart. The 2-D oil data based on wear debris collected at regular time epochs from a four-ball tester are adopted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed replacement approach. Given comparisons with the age-based scheme and the failure-based scheme, the proposed Bayesian replacement approach for lubricating oil is demonstrated to achieve better fault detection performance and the longer average availability.


ABSTRACT This study analyses a particularly auspicious and seemingly thriving kind of democratic innovation in terms of its potential to deal with epistemic and democratic demands to policy-making at the same time. In focus are highly complex, multi-layered arrangements of policy deliberation, consultation and advice that combine an array of input channels and actor groups in a shared quest for a joint, consensual solution to a policy problem. The study asks under which conditions these democratic innovations manage to deal with the double challenge of delivering reliable expertise and providing for substantive participation of all affected viewpoints. Two cases from the German environmental policy context are analyzed in-depth, i.e. the committee on the final storage of nuclear waste and the dialogue on the government's climate action plan. The comparative case analysis is guided by an assessment framework that builds on input-oriented democratic theory, participatory governance research as well as sociological and epistemological debates of expertise and knowledge in the policy context. Based on the case analyses, the study traces favourable institutional design conditions for striking a balance between the multiple normative demands at play.


One of the most important decisions that you have to make when deploying a new storage solution is what RAID type(s) to use. Each RAID type has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of protection, efficiency (usable storage), and performance—both during normal operations and in terms of rebuild time. Regardless of who a storage solution is purchased from, RAID decisions will be based on the same set of criteria. First and foremost, the application's performance needs must be met, and this should be the primary decision factor when selecting a RAID policy. Once the application(s)'s needs are addressed, choosing a RAID policy comes down to two factors: cost—in terms capacity utilization efficiency—and protection level.


In this paper, we study nonlinear differential equations satisfied by the generating function of Boole numbers. In addition, we derive some explicit and new interesting identities involving Boole numbers and higher-order numbers arising from our nonlinear differential equations.


Abstract Manufacturing, in regulated industries, has developed systematic practices, protocols and tools for equipment acceptance testing, described by the term Equipment Qualification. This paper, in drawing parallels between requirements of manufacturing equipment and medical equipment, hypothesizes that the protocols, practices and tools of Equipment Qualification can be adapted for application in healthcare. In manufacturing, where the quality of output is of critical concern, the scope of Equipment Qualification is building confidence that the equipment can produce product to specification. In healthcare, where patient safety is the critical concern, the identification and control of potential causes of adverse events is of central importance in establishing confidence that the equipment is "ready for its intended use." This paper details the development of an Equipment Qualification framework for healthcare to guide healthcare practitioners in best practice tools, techniques and considerations for the identification and control of potential causes of adverse events. The Equipment Qualification framework presented in this paper synthesizes existing knowledge in the domains of risk management, quality, safety, reliability, maintenance, calibration, human factors engineering and lean methods with empirical findings of benchmarking case studies in manufacturing companies and requirements analysis case studies and questionnaire in healthcare. The framework is written in the systems engineering modeling language IDEFØ.


INTRODUCTION The supertoroid-based representation is an evolution of the toroidal model that enhances the three-dimensional perception of myocardial tissue structure and organization using DT-MRI [1]. The supertoroidal model, as a superset of genus-0 and genus-1 shapes, improves the effectiveness of the diffusion tensor characterization of myocardial architecture post myocardial infarction (MI) [1]. However, successful characterization of tissue properties relies on relating structural information with physiological or molecular information obtained from different sources. Because the supertoroidal model offers the ability to incorporate two additional parameters, γ1 and γ 2 , we are able to fuse standard structural DT-MRI information with parameters from other modalities. Changes in myocardial structure and function are dependent on alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is modulated by activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The purpose of this work is to employ the supertoroids to combine the regional structural information derived from cardiac DT-MRI, with regional activation of MMPs, and associated changes in myocardial perfusion and cellular viability in porcine heart at 2 weeks post-MI. METHODOLOGY The supertoroid is a geometric primitive that incorporates the visual features conveyed by the increase in genus and a continuum that fully encodes the local eigensystem. The supertoroidal parametric equation is a function of the geometric shape metrics CL = λ1 − λ2 ( ) λ1 + λ2 + λ3 , CP = 2 λ2 − λ3 ( ) λ1 + λ2 + λ3 , and CS = 3λ3 λ1 + λ2 + λ3 [2] and is parameterized as follows: CS ≥ C P⇒I θ,φ ( )= cos 1−Cp ( ) γ1 θ CL + CP ( )+ CS cos 1−CS ( ) γ2 φ { },sin 1−Cp ( )1 θ CL + CP ( )+ CS cos 1−CS ( )2 φ { },sin 1−CS ( )2 φ ⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎞ ⎠ ⎟ ,


Motivated by recent studies showing an apparent correlation between the high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and the low-frequency, type-C QPO in low-mass, black hole X-ray binaries (LMXBs), we explore a model that explains all three QPOs in terms of an oscillating, precessing hot flow in the truncated-disk geom etry. Our model favors attributing the two high-frequency QPOs, often occurring in a near 3:2 frequency ratio, to the breathing and vertical epicyclic frequency modes of the hot, thick flow , although we can not rule out the Keplerian and m =−1 radial epicyclic modes. In either case, the type-C QPO is attributed to precession. The correlation of the QPOs comes from the fact that all three frequencies are associated with the same geometrical structure. While the exact QPO frequencies are sensitive to the black hole mass and spin, their evolution over the course of an outburst is mainly tied to the truncation radius between the geometrically thin, optically thick disk and the inner, hot flow. We show that, in the case of the LMXB GRO J1655-40, this model can explain the one simultaneous observation of all three QPOs and that an extrapolation of the model appears to match lower frequency observations where only two of the three components are seen. Thus, this model may be able to unify multiple QPO observations using the properties of a single, simple, geometrical model.


The importance of industrial applications of radio-frequency heating is emphasized by the growth of this field which has expanded into a business with an eight million dollar annual volume. Thus, an economic analysis of some of the problems including cost data in specific industries is of interest.


With the day-to-day increase of traffic in national highway transportation,upsizing of vehicles,serious heavy loads and overloads, the pavement structure of highways is facing severe test.In general the effective service time of existing highways cannot reach the designed service life,so the early damages such as large-area ruts,cracks,bleedings and potholes,etc.frequently appear within 2~3 years after being open to traffic.On the contrast,the designed service life of asphalt pavements abroad becomes longer and longer,thus the design concept of permanent or long-life pavement emerges,which acquires great success in prolonging the service life of the asphalt pavement.Based on the investigations on typical structures of some abroad asphalt pavements,this paper carries out the preliminary probe into the design concept of permanent asphalt pavement.


Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) has attracted significant attention in the communication community. The problem of waveform design has however never been addressed so far. In this paper, we first investigate how a communication waveform (OFDM) and a power waveform (multisine) compare with each other in terms of harvested energy. We show that due to the non-linearity of the rectifier and the randomness of the information symbols, the OFDM waveform is less efficient than the multisine waveform for wireless power transfer. This observation motivates the design of a novel SWIPT transceiver architecture relying on the superposition of multisine and OFDM waveforms at the transmitter and a power-splitter receiver equipped with an energy harvester and an information decoder. The superposed SWIPT waveform is optimized so as to maximize the rate-energy region of the whole system. Its design is adaptive to the channel state information and result from a posynomial maximization problem that originates from the non-linearity of the energy harvester. Numerical results illustrate the performance of the derived waveforms and SWIPT architecture. Key (and refreshing) observations are that 1) a power waveform (superposed to a communication waveform) is useful to enlarge the rate-energy region of SWIPT, 2) a combination of power splitting and time sharing is in general the best strategy, 3) exploiting the nonlinearity of the rectifier is essential to design efficient SWIPT architecture, 4) a non-zero mean Gaussian input distribution outperforms the conventional capacity-achieving zero-mean Gaussian input distribution.


This paper is dedicated to analyze a fragment of Oken's Lehrbuch der Naturphilosophie , whose Spanish translation has previously appeared in a former issue of this journal. After providing a brief biographical account of the author and a concise examination of this historical context, the paper studies the rational structure of Okens's natural philosophy, the reasons of acceptance of this theories by both students and scholars, the influence of other authors like Schelling and Beader on his work and finally his principal contributions to medical theory and practice.


Abstract An early extension of Lindeberg's central limit theorem was Bernstein's (1939) discovery of necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of moments in the central limit theorem. Von Bahr (1965) made a study of some asymptotic expansions in the central limit theorem, and obtained rates of convergence for moments. However, his results do not in general imply that the moments converge. Some better rates have been obtained by Bhattacharya and Rao for moments between the second and third. In this paper we give improved rates of convergence for absolute moments between the third and fourth.


Under steady water and sediment feeding in laboratory conditions, sediment fluxes tend to reach a steady state and bed morphology tends to equilibrium. This laboratory study states two objectives: i) to provide a detailed three-dimensional characterization of the flow field at a movable bed confluence and ii) to contribute to the characterization of the effect of the flow discharge ratio (Qr = Qt/Qm, Qt – tributary flow discharge and Qm – main channel flow discharge) on the flow field. While the junction angle between the main channel and the tributary as well as the sediment discharge ratio were kept constant, two scenarios corresponding to two different flow discharge ratios with dominant main channel flow discharge (Qm > Qt) were analyzed. Prior to the flow velocity measurements, both channels were fed with water and sand mixtures and tests were run until the equilibrium condition was reached, i.e. until the moment where the difference between the total supplied sand discharge and the total outgoing sand discharge was smaller than ± 5%. During the experiments, bed topography was systematically recorded. Then, the flow was stopped, the water was slowly drained and the bed was carefully fixed with a cement and vernix coat and allowed to dry to guarantee that it remained stable from there on, while the clear water (free of sand) discharges were fed again to the fixed bed converging channels. A 3D side looking Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), installed on a remotely controlled and precisely positioned (± 0.1 mm) robotic arm, was used to measure the instantaneous velocities at a very dense mesh. Once the velocities measured and recorded, the water surface levels were surveyed. For the case with more dominant tributary flow (Qr = 0.17), as expected, the scour hole formed at the tributary mouth is much deeper and larger and extends towards the outer bank of the post-confluence channel, as well as upstream the junction corner. The avalanche slopes are, consequently, steeper. On the other hand, for the case with a weaker tributary flow (Qr = 0.08), no erosion is observed immediately upstream the junction. Moreover, the bank-attached sediment bar downstream the junction is considerably more developed in longitudinal and vertical directions. In both scenarios, a strong horizontal vortical structure was observed immediately downstream the junction. More detailed analysis of the origin and the characteristics of these and other flow patterns is still under investigation.


1. The simplest solution to the 'hard' puzzle The puzzle. Three gods A, B, and C are called, in some order, 'True', 'False', and 'Random'. True always speaks truly, False always speaks falsely, but whether Random speaks truly or falsely is a completely random matter. Your task is to determine the identities of A, B, and C by asking three yes-no questions; each question must be put to exactly one god. The gods understand English, but will answer all questions in their own language, in which the words for 'yes' and 'no' are 'da' and 'ja', in some order. You do not know which word means which. 1