Objective It is to evaluate the effectiveness of reflectance spectrometry in the analysis of haemoglobin(Hb).Methods The reflectance spectrometry of OPTI blood gas analyzer was used for the determination of Hb in arterial bleed samples.The accuracy,reproducibility and liner rang of this method were evaluated.The contents of Hb of the same sample were also detected by hemolysis colorimetry of XE-2100 at the same time.Results Among 62 cases including 22 low levels,35 normal levels and 5 high levels contents of Hb in arterial blood were detected.The reproducibility CVs of this method was 1.1%~2.0%.The method has good linearity in the circumscription in 50~174 g/L.The regression equation is y=0.78x+29.57.The correlation between reflectance spectrometry and hemolysis colorimetry method was excellent(r=0.992 6).The deviation of normal and high value was with in 2.0%,but the deviation of low value was 5.0%.Conclusion Sa(O2) was accurate which determined by OPTI with reflectance spectrometry method.It can relieve the patient's pain and reduce the medical works.When the concentration of Hb of samples was below the medical decision level,it can be corrected by the regression equation(y=1.05x-8.6).


To explore the new approach of general Practitioner training,improve training effects.Questionnaire survey,comments and discussions was applied.The analysis of training effects method was investigated the general medicine training effects.To evaluate and propose the countermeasures of the main questions and effect factors of current general medicine.


The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) was introduced by IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee in order to stimulate innovation and technical development of all elements that influence energy efficiency of a ship from its design phase. According to definition, it represents weight of ship's CO2 emissions per transport work. Baseline equations for EEDI were developed for several most common types of seagoing ships. This paper presents one of the first attempts to evaluate EEDI of inland-waterway, dry-cargo, self-propelled vessels. Within research that is explained in the paper, full-scale measurements were performed with the purpose to enrich the database according to which new mathematical model for power evaluation was developed. Large differences between the modeland full-scale measurements were also analysed. Finally, application of relatively large power margins for inland-waterway ships was suggested. EEDI baseline can be used as a benchmark of future ship designs.


Since the break of the 8th and 9th centuries, the people in Bohemia were in intensive contacts with the Western Christian world represented by the powerful Frankish Empire. This is well documented by activities of the Bavarian missionaries in Bohemia and objects of the Western provenance found there (e.g. weapons, various decorations, etc.). Also the number of the Carolingian deniers registered in Bohemia significantly increased recently. Territorial expansion, engagement of the Přemyslid Bohemia in the profitable long-distance trade in the 10th century and the close Přemyslid contacts with the Bavarian milieu led to the production of the Bohemian coins at the beginning of the 960s – the deniers copying the BavarianSwabian prototypes. Introduction of these coins into the local exchange was not that simple. The coins struck in the 9th and 10th centuries were predominantly used by traders in long-distance trade and by ruling elites. Their larger and massive distribution can be taken into consideration since the beginning of the 11th century.


This paper contains measures to describe the matrix impulse response sensitivity of state space multivariable systems with respect to parameter perturbations.The parameter sensitivity is defined as an integral measure of the matrix impulse response with respect to the coefficients. A state space approach is used to find a realization of impulse response that minimizes a sensitivity measure. One possibility of converting linear systems into mathematical processes consists in the state space representations. They are characterized by the description of behavior of phys- ical systems with constant matrices and, therefore, they establish a direct relation to the methods of linear algebra. The state space representation of a given linear system can be used in order to perform a pole-zero determination (Dooren, 1981), a stability test (Bernett and Storey, 1970), and a test concerning the passivity (Anderson and Vongpan- itlerd, 1973). The solution of these problems using the methods of linear algebra is rec- ommended from a numerical point of view as powerful software packages are available (Thiele, 1986). The state space design of a system consists of finding a set of state space equations that realize a desired transfer function. The state space equations corresponding to the transfer function or impulse response are not unique, thus one may select among the real- izations one that minimizes a suitable sensitivity measure. Also some system properties are invariant with respect to the realizations, state space realizations do affect certain properties. One important property is the sensitivity of the system with respect to the realization parameters. In applications such as digital control and filter design, it is of practical importance to have a state space realization for which the system sensitivity is minimal. One of the reasons for this is the existence of the finite word length effect to co- efficient truncation and arithmetic roundoff in the implementation of a controller or filter. It is understandable that poor sensitivity may lead to the degradation in performance of an implementation (Yan and Moore, 1992).


Purpose : We investigated the eff ect of pelvic fl oor muscle training (PFMT) on pelvic fl oor function, urogenital symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with mild pelvic organ prolapse (POP) using objective outcome measures. Method : Women who were diagnosed with stage II POP by a urologist were included in this study. All participants underwent PFMT for 16 weeks. A physical therapist asked them to attend six appointments for individual intervention during the study period. We assessed pelvic fl oor muscle strength, degree of pelvic organ descent, urogenital symptoms, and QOL scores and compared them between baseline and after PFMT. Results : Seventeen female participants aged 67.5 ± 7.0 years were included in this study. Pelvic fl oor muscle strength and the descent of the anterior vaginal wall were signifi cantly improved after PFMT (p < 0.05). There was significant improvement of voiding frequency, stress urinary incontinence, post micturition dribble, and vaginal bulge interfering with emptying bowels (p < 0.05). The scores of physical limitations (p < 0.05) and emotions (p < 0.01) in the QOL questionnaire were signifi cantly improved compared with the baseline results. Conclusion : The present study indicates that PFMT may improve pelvic floor muscle function, position of the anterior vaginal wall, some urogenital symptoms, and QOL in patients with mild POP.


Irinotecan is a water‐soluble derivative of camptothecin, an alkylator originally extracted from the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata. Laboratory studies have demonstrated the activity of irinotecan in a broad panel of pediatric and adult central nervous system tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice. These studies led to a Phase II trial that confirmed the activity of this agent in the treatment of recurrent malignant glioma. Subsequent laboratory studies have demonstrated that a combination of irinotecan (CPT‐11) and alkylating agents, particularly 1,3‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea (BCNU), increases antitumor effects to a level well above the additive effects of the individual agents. These laboratory studies generated a recently completed Phase I trial of CPT‐11 + BCNU, which now is being evaluated in a formal Phase II trial for adults with newly diagnosed or recurrent malignant glioma. More recent studies have demonstrated similar interaction between CPT‐11 and temozolomide and have led to a Phase I trial of these agents in the treatment of adults with malignant glioma. Studies currently are addressing the role of O6‐alkylguanine‐DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) in reducing the benefits of combining CPT‐11 with temozolomide and the potential therapeutic gain from utilizing an inhibitor of AGT. Cancer 2003;97(9 Suppl):2359–62. © 2003 American Cancer Society.


Abstract Little can be said about music during the last century without encountering the men and women who supported it financially. Pierre Bourdieu's impression that the services rendered freely for the good of society reinforce a symbolic debt between giver and recipient complicates motivations behind patronage. Indeed, applying Bourdieu's theory to altruism in general – here, patronage in particular – highlights what could be thought of as a performance of futility: both giver and receiver understand the tenacious terms yet agree nonetheless to act out the process of reaching equilibrium. In the case of iconic music patron Betty Freeman (1921–2009), her support of the avant-garde seems, at times, to call into question on what side of this 'performed futility' she existed. This article considers ways in which Freeman's work as patron of the musical avant-garde allowed her to perform her identity as a woman and mother among a community on the fringe.


In the last decade, higher education institutions have had to come to grips with the increased pressures on staff and resources to deliver quality education programmes. Interest has focused on technology as a means of increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of course delivery in a context of diminishing resources. Here we consider two technologies WWW and Lotus Notes used to support campus-based delivery. The project described here is firmly within the current mass market full-time, campus-based students but also includes part-time students and touches upon alternative methods of delivery. The impact of the use of technology is considered from the staff, student and organisational perspectives.


In today's global economy, manufacturers can instantaneously reach a vast number of foreign markets. With respect to software, consumer electronics and other high tech products in particular, few changes have to be made to the products before they are marketable abroad. In sharp contrast to the increasingly global market conditions and consumer expectations, however, the legal frameworks in many areas still vary significantly from country to country. One of these areas is the law on consumer guarantees. Nevertheless, some manufacturers include the same guarantee statement, warranty card, shrink-wrap license agreement or other statement with guarantee terms in their product packages - wherever they are shipped. This article addresses the legal issues that manufacturers should consider when taking this approach. As an example, the warranty laws of the United States (California in particular) and the European Community (Germany in particular) are explained.


MEDIA MAVERICKAs a young curator, I first met Shigeko Kubota and Nam June Paik in 1973. I heard a cheery hello when I hopped on a bus and grabbed a seat one row in front of them. We were en route to Syracuse University's Synapse TV studio, where an eager Bill Viola demonstrated his student work. Thirty or so of us video mavens were there to attend a New York State Council on the Arts funded conference at the Everson Museum organized by another young curator, David Ross. The group heatedly discussed particulars of the emerging art form, especially how its production, distribution, and exhibition go hand-in-hand. As disparate members of a fanatical community, we were all working seat-of-the-pants style with an amorphous medium that only the fringe deemed art.Back in Manhattan, Shigeko and Nam June generously introduced me to their eclectic circle of artist and composer friends. They considered every idea brilliant, or at least plausible. Fiercely loyal, these rambunctious colleagues' enthusiasm encouraged me on.I came to understand how Shigeko's strong "matriarchal" family of four sisters in Nigata shaped her. Emboldened by a choreographer aunt, she left her snowy mountainous home along the Inland Sea to study sculpture in Tokyo. I am still struck by her courageous commitment as an artist contradicting Japan's deeply entrenched, hierarchical and chauvinist system.The photo of her famous 1965 performance, in which she squats with paintbrush seemingly inserted in her vagina and draws on a large sheet of paper under her feet, might appear tame or even innocuous today. Yet we need to recognize the boldness of her action, equal to the strong steps taken in other parts of the world by her peers Carolee Schneemann and VALIE EXPORT. Japan-with its social order based on family, school and teacher (sensei), professional affiliation- did not support independent-minded women like Kubota. Outspoken, she broke the mold by not toeing the national line of presenting a polite face in public and a candid one in private. She was comfortable in New York, where she could be herself and develop as an artist.Loyal and curious, Shigeko loved a funny story and readily exploded with a hearty belly laugh. (But you steered clear, when every once in a while a deep seated anger suddenly erupted.) She often invited friends for dinner in her and Paik's home on Mercer Street. Going up in the old rickety, open cage elevator to their loft on the building's top floor, you felt you were taking your life in your hands. Entering their space, you encountered a hodgepodge of old TV sets, sculpture in disarray, and dusty stacks of magazines and catalogs.We would sit around their long kitchen table, at first formally drinking cup after cup of Japanese green tea. We would move on to sake, as Shigeko wielded her knife and cut large irregular slices of sashimi, accompanied by rice, oshinko, and miso soup. Their neighbor Frances Whitney would wander in through the back door, wearing a hat or necklace designed by friend Alexander Calder. …


Objective:To analyze the density of β adrenoceptors (β AR) of lymphocytes among 28 patients with congestive heart failure(CHF) and its change before and after treatment by L thyroxine (L T 50 ). Methods:28 patients with class Ⅲ or Ⅳ advanced CHF due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) were randomly divided into group A and B. Patients in group A were conventionally treated with digitalis nitrite and diuretic, while patients in gronp B were treated in eddition to conventional drngs, with addiltional L thyroxine (L T 50 ) Before and after one month of treatment, Ficoll Hyperque liquid was used to separate peripheral lymphocytes, 125 I Pindolol radioligand banding was used to measure β AR in peripheral lymphocytes.Results:The maximal number of banding sites (βmax ) in peripheral lymphocytes and the serum TH in patients with CHF were lower than thase in conyrok, after one month TH therapy, βmax and serum TH were hirher in groap B than those in group A. Conclusion:The density of β AR of lymphocytes in patients with CHF due to ICM or DCM was lower than that in normal health people, L thyroxine administration induced a β AR up regulation in peripheral lymphocytes.


Summary On the basis of previous research on the Repression-Sensitization Scale, it was hypothesized that sensitizers possess a conceptual process characterized by excessively negative self-other discrimination. One implication of this hypothesis for a patient population is an excessive tendency toward symptom endorsement which could lead to errors of diagnosis and case management. Sensitizing patients endorsed significantly more pathological symptoms (but not general traits) and discriminated themselves from others to a significantly greater degree on negative than positive dimensions, whereas repressers did not. Results were interpreted as providing support for a reconceptualization of the repression-sensitization dimension as a conceptual process rather than a defense mechanism.


Book DOI: 10.21467/abstracts.93 (blowouts, accidents, etc.) One of the areas that can be advanced with the help of geophysical research is study and prediction of seismic activity. Development of the seismic tomography method and its application for the study of various geological structures has provided world renown results. The created LOTOS passive tomography algorithm has already been tested on more than a hundred objects around the world and served as the basis for construction scenarios for the development of various geological structures. The use of the flexural standing wave method allows for solving seismic engineering problems, such as microseismic zoning, underground mapping, piping diagnostics, seismic safety of facilities, pavement diagnostics. Ecological risks. Petroleum industry is often considered one of the main pollutants in the world with all of its sectors adding to the water, air, soil contamination. Nowadays most of the states and companies turn to the "greener" technologies, however there is still need to handle previous pollutions, as well as prevent the future ones. Comprehensive assessment of technogenic deposits (waste from the mining industry) with the development of methods for the secondary processing of waste and the restoration of disturbed territories. Assessment includes technique for operational control of the efficiency of neutralization of waste from a zinc plant by methods of induced polarization and electrotomography; methodology for calculating tailings volumes using remote sensing data, seismotomography and electrotomography. Another promising direction of research is development of a methodology for assessing environmental risks in oil-contaminated Arctic territory. It allows for evaluation of the pollution of environmental components in the area of mothballed oil and gas condensate fields with chemical elements and oil products, taking into account high concentrations of arsenic (hazard class 1), iron, manganese, typical of the Arctic territories. Economical risks. Oil price is one of the most volatile indicators in the modern economy with a great influence on the different areas of state and companies' activities. Accurate assessment and forecast of the future revenues and costs for the company allows for the long-term planning of exploration and production operations. Complex evaluation of influence of state policy in petroleum industry provides basis for improvements of particular government measures to stimulate the development of the industry and regions. At the same time, such analysis reveals possible shortage of state budget in the future. In conclusion, an integrated approach to risk accounting at all stages of subsoil use – the search, assessment, exploration and extraction of minerals – has been developed at the IPGG SB RAS. Thus, evaluations of the economic efficiency formed the basis for the formation of a number of strategic documents for the development of the oil and gas industry in Russia; geological assessment of oil and gas prospects made it possible to justify the priority areas of the exploration and production, including the Arctic shelf; geophysical tools and research methods correspond to breakthrough levels and compete with world analogues. Funding. The study was financially supported by the RFBR (research project 18-310-20010).


Objective To investigate psychological abnormalities in patients with noncardiac chest pain(NCCP),and to explore their relationship with quality of life.Methods From January 2008 to June 2010,203 NCCP patients who had reveived coronary angiography were included in this study and fulfilled short from 36 health survey questionnaired(SF-36),and hospital anxiety and depressive scale(HADS),the difference of scores were compared and analyzed.Results The scores of anxiety and deprssion in patients with NCCP were higher than helathy volunteers(6.92±4.50 vs4.05±2.78 and 6.16±4.57 vs.4.06±2.83,all value P0.01).The incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with NCCP were higher than that in healthy volunteers(43.8% vs8.0% and 35.0% vs.10.0%,All value P0.01),The health-related quality of life in NCCP patients were significantly lower than those in healthy volunteers(All value P0.01).Except the role of physical function,other 7 helathy conceptions were negative correlation between the scores of anxiety and depression and quality life.(All value P0.01).Conclusion Psychological factor palys an important role on the onset and development in cases of NCCP.The delining in life quality of patients with NCCP is related to psychological abnormality.


This article is devoted to the modernization of handicrafts manufactured to measure the stress in the ground (messdose). Today, when designing buildings and structures, an important task is to determine the amount of expected precipitation. The calculated values are not always objective, especially in the conditions of Western Siberia, where weak organic-mineral soils are common. Based on the experience of the introduction of sensors measuring the voltage in the ground, the author identified a number of factors by which they most likely fail. According to approximate calculations, until the end of the average natural experiment, about 25 % of the messdose remain operable. The author proposed options for upgrading sensors to minimize the risks of their failure. The main causes of sensor failure: contact breakdown, depressurization, short circuit. They are eliminated by inserting fiberglass boards and two-stage sealing into the sensor body. The body of the sensors was made of titanium. Cyanoacrylate glue was used for sticking the strain gauges onto the body of the messdose. Sealing was performed with epoxy resin. As a signal cable used 4-core cable KSPV. Calibration of the sensors was carried out in an aerostatic tank. Upgraded sensors were tested during a laboratory experiment. The author tested a sample of weak organic soil in compression conditions. No total pressure sensor has failed. The convergence of the sensor readings with the load applied to the sample is very high. The measurement error did not exceed 10 %. The author also attempted to make handicraft sensors to measure pore pressures in the ground, but during the implementation they all failed.


Chemical data pertinent to most-recently developed POM delignification systems will be presented. These data will be used to demonstrate the fundamental basis for the stability, self-buffering properties, versatility and high selectivity of these systems when used in combination with oxygen to convert native or residual lignin in wood or wood-pulp fibers to CO2 and H2O. OVERVIEW. The potential use of polyoxometalates (POMs) as water-soluble yet oxidatively stable analogs of lignin-degrading enzymes in the chlorine-free production of high-quality delignified wood products was first described at the 2nd EWLP in 1992 (Grenoble, France).1 A more thorough elaboration, including demonstration data, was presented at the 3rd EWLP (Stockholm, 1994).2 Presentations in subsequent Workshops (4th and 5th EWLPs) concerned further developments and highlighted the potential of POMs for use in achieving mill closure and for replacing sulfur (new pulping processes)3,4 During this time, numerous obstacles5 were overcome by continued fundamenta16-10 and applied research.11-12 As a result of these efforts, new POM systems suitable for use in pilot-scale (10 tons/day) demonstration and testing are now available. SELECTIVE CATALYSIS OF O2 OXIDATIONS IN WATER. Steady progress towards this goal has required considerable effort. The most attractive scenario for environmentally benign oxidations of lignin and other substrates involves selective and stable catalysis in water using only O2. Indeed, the selective use of O2 in water–the most familiar and attractive of all oxidants and solvents–is a mainstay of biochemistry. However, the design of synthetic catalysts for selective use of O2 in water is fraught with inherent problems.13 First, the chemistry of O2 is intrinsically non-selective and very difficult to control. Typically organic compounds and O2 either do not react at an appreciable rate or react via minimally selective and controllable radical-chain reactions (autoxidation, combustion, etc.). Such reactions severely limit the usefulness of O2 when applied directly to wood fibers. Catalysis of selective O2 oxidations that do not proceed by autoxidation is so rare and potentially significant that each case has garnered considerable interest and scrutiny.14-16 In addition, virtually all metalbased catalysts are hydrolytically unstable in water. The reason for this instability is that water readily reacts with transition-metal ions to give insoluble oxides or hydroxides.17 Furthermore, organic ligands such as synthetic porphyrins that might stabilize transition-metal ions in water are inherently (thennodynamically) unstable in the presence of O2. And, even if somewhat kinetically stable to oxidation, metallo-organic complexes are typically insoluble in water. Finally, the H+ or OHions generated during the catalysis of redox reactions in water can degrade organic substrates or products. A pertinent example is the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of b-D glycosidic linkages in cellulose. Given these generic obstacles, it is not surprising that no chemical system that simultaneously addresses all these problems has ever been reported. Nonetheless, the need to overcome these problems continues to increase in significance in both petrochemical and agricultural contexts as demand for environmentally benign oxidation technologies grows. EQUILIBRATED POM SYSTEMS. The POM systems now ready for use in pilot demonstration represent a new approach to the control of transition-metal complexes in water. The new POM systems are thermodynamically stable in water and self-buffering. Their use in the selective and pollution-free delignification of wood fibers involves a two-step process that uses only O2 and addresses all of the technical issues detailed above, The operative chemistry is described by recourse to data obtained using equilibrated solutions of a new heteropolytungstate cluster anion, [AlVW11O40]6–. This cluster anion and functional equilibrated solutions in which it constitutes a dominant component, were designed to elucidate and demonstrate the fundamental chemistry reflective of thermodynamic stability and responsible for the system's self-buffering properties. 68...Sixth European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp REFERENCES AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY


Human lymphocytes from blood and lymph nodes survived satisfactorily in slide chambers with 10% of the cells usually surviving 8 or 9 days. The 10% survival time was reduced to about 2 days by 1,000 r of x rays, 3.0 mu g per mllliliter of nitrogen mustard, or 0.3 mu g per milliliter of triethylene melamine. The slope of the dose-efiect curves was greater for nitrogen mustard than for x rays or triethylene melamine. The lymphocytes of the lymph nodes appeared to be twice as sensitive to x rays as those of the blood. A dosage of 2 to 5 r sufficed to produce a perceptible toxic efiect on the human lymphocytes. The human lymphocyte, like the rabbit thymocyte, showed two distinct morphologic reactions to x rays. The lymphocyte died by means of delayed fixation after treatment with 4,000 r, and by intranuclear vacuolization, lobulation, and pyknosis after 1,000 r. The two radiomimetic agents tested produced the same two types of death depending upon the dosage of the reagents. (auth)


The problem of assessing the degree of parenchymal injury following renal trauma has caused a great deal of difficulty and controversy in the past several years. In the majority of cases, plain abdominal roentgenograms as well as intravenous urograms prove inadequate (2, 7), and the fact that only a small percentage of these patients undergo laparotomy further compounds the difficulty in clinical evaluation. In the past three years, direct visualization of the intrarenal vasculature with aortography and selective renal angiography has contributed greatly to the better understanding of the nature of renal injuries (7), but renal angiography may not be necessary in all cases of renal trauma. In attempts to understand further the nature of these injuries and to find a simple and fully innocuous method of studying kidney trauma, the mercury-197 chlormerodrin renal scan was utilized. The simplicity of the procedure makes it easily adaptable for use in smaller centers where angiographic technics may not be read...


This study examines the influence of the use of the CIRC model of SD 85 Parepare.  The formulation of the problem studied is whether there is an influence on the implementation of the CIRC learning model on student learning outcomes in Theme 7 of Togetherness Subtema 4 Learning 1 class II SD Negeri 85 Parepare.  This study aims to determine the effect of implementing the CIRC learning model on student learning outcomes in Theme 7 Togetherness Subtema 4 Learning 1 class II SD Negeri 85 Parepare.  This study uses a quantitative approach to the type of experimental research and uses Pre-experimental Design in the form of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design.  The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a sample of 20 students.  Data collection techniques in this study were observation, tests in the form of multiple choices and documentation.  Data analysis used descriptive statistical analysis techniques and inferential statistical analysis techniques.  The results of hypothesis testing using the Paired Sample T-Test test obtained significance of 0.00 (0.00 ttable (12.899> 2.86093) indicate that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.  This difference can be seen in the average student pre-test and post-test learning outcomes obtained in the experimental class.  Based on these results, it can be concluded that the CIRC learning model has an effect on the learning outcomes of SD 85 Parepare students.


In this issue of The Journal of Rheumatology, the retrospective study by Ding and co-authors investigated follow-up contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of both common carotid arteries and its correlation with clinical variables in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK).1 The authors analyzed the data of 106 patients who had at least 2 CEUS examinations.


Recently formulated fluctuation theorems are highly relevant for interpretation of measurements performed on single molecules. One of these theorems can be applied to channel‐facilitated transport of solutes through a membrane separating two reservoirs. The transport is characterized by the probability Pn(t) that n solute particles have been transported from one reservoir to the other in time t. The fluctuation theorem establishes a relation between Pn(t) and P−n(t): The ratio Pn(t)/P−n(t) is independent of time and equal to exp(nA/kBT), where A/kBT is the affinity measured in the thermal energy units. We show that the same fluctuation theorem is true for both single‐ and multi‐channel transport of non‐interacting particles and particles which strongly repel each other.


In this paper the theory that there are at present two geographical races of the European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis, in America is discussed. Larvae transferred from New York to Massachusetts in 1920 have for four years maintained a single annual generation while larvae from Massachusetts that had a single generation during 1920 have been reared under the same conditions and have had a partial second generation each year. The fact that individuals in the infested area about Lake Erie are practically all large and well nourished while in New England many larvae enter hibernation in the fall half starved and from a third to a half smaller than normal larvae suggests the theory that the infestation about Lake Erie will be more dependable from year to year. This has proved to be the case during 1923 and 1924 when the New England infestation has decreased and the infestatton about Lake Erie has increased both as to spread and in intensity of infestation. There is also considered the theory that the New England infestation may be reverting to a single generation habit by a process of natural selection in view of an environment that will not support two annual generations.


Pectin is a partially methoxylated polymer of galacturonic acid obtained from fruits. Among pectin, apple pectin exerts stronger bacteriostatical action on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli in comparison with citrus pectin. In this study, we used water-soluble methoxylated pectin from apple. The diet, supplemented by 20% apple pectin, significantly decreased the number of tumors and the incidence of colon tumor. PGE2 level in distal colonic mucosa in 20% apple pectin fed rats were lower than those in basal diet fed rats. Fecal beta-glucuronidase activities in the apple pectin fed group, which has been considered a key enzyme for the final activation of Dimethylhydrazine metabolism to carcinogens in the colonic lumen, were signifieantly lower than those in control group at initiation stage of carcinogenesis. In the case the concentrations of beta-glueosidase and azoreductase were also decreased. The effect of apple pectin on the colon carcinogenesis may partially depend on PGE, concentration decrease in colonic mucosa and on the type of pectin, also related to fecal enzyme activities.


Background: The aim of this study was to determine the role of planar bone scintigraphy with anterior semiflexed view in the evaluation of patients with chronic knee pain. Methods: Bone scintigraphy was performed in 43 patients with chronic knee pain. Anterior extended, posterior, lateral and medial planar images (planar images-1) and an additional anterior view of the knee in 30° semiflexion were acquired. The results of planar images-1 and planar images-2 (anterior semiflexed view, posterior, lateral and medial planar images) were compared with use of arthroscopy as the reference. Each lesion (medial meniscus, lateral meniscus, medial compartment, lateral compartment and patellofemoral compartment) was analysed to determine the sensitivity and the specificity of the diagnosis. Results: Twenty-three patients had meniscal tears at arthroscopy and 14 of these were associated with degenerative joint disease of the knee. Twenty-eight degenerative joint diseases in 17 patients were found without meniscal tears. There were 13 medial meniscus tears and 10 lateral meniscus tears at arthroscopy. The medial compartment was abnormal in 18 knees, the lateral compartment in 16 knees and the patellofemoral compartment in 14 knees. The sensitivities and specificities of planar images-2 were higher than those of planar images-1 for the detection of each lesion. Conclusions: Anterior semiflexed view of the knee seems to provide the ability to separate activity form overlying or underlying bone and this enables equivocal lesions on planar imaging to be identified.


This article adopted testing way to probe into the rate between Mg and Si ,the effect of micro-rare-earth and the thermal treatment for 6063 aluminum alloy thermal conductivity.The result suggested that 6063 aluminum alloy's thermal conductivity has improved 9.5% after using the ratio between 1.73 Mg and Si,adding 0.3% rare-earth ,preserving the heat at 250℃ after extruding ,and then cooling with the stove.


We have studied the band and optical properties of self-assembled quantum wires. In particular, the band structures and optical matrix elements of strained multiple quantum-wires (QWR's) are investigated theoretically via the effective bond-orbital model(EBOM), which takes into account the effects of valence-band anisotropy and the band mixing. It is found that the strain leads to further confinement of carriers and enhancement of the anisotropy.
By using the EBOM and valence-force field model, we systematically studied the microstrain effects on the electronic and optical properties of Ga$_{1-x}$In$_x$As self-assembled quantum-wires (QWR's) made of short-period superlattices with strain-induced lateral ordering. Valence-band anisotropy, band mixing, and effects due to local strain distribution at the atomistic level are all taken into account.A comprehensive collection of different structures in our model are presented.
Finally, the excitonic absorption spectrum for the SILO quantum wires are investigated by using our envelope function model.


The main aim of the present study was to study memory interference using a more ecological approach, where competing events can be separated by the environmental context. In order to increase the ecological validity of the study, context was manipulated through the presentation of video clips instead of commonly used static pictures. The second aim of the study was to assess if the contextual cues could be used to resolve memory competition. Twenty-five participants partook in a memory task (AB/AC vs. DE), where competition between AB and AC items was established by associating some word cues (A) with two associates (B/C) compared to control condition, where each word cue (D) was associated with only one associate (E). Additionally, videos were presented along with the word pairs and participants were asked to associate each context video with the word-pair. In a later memory test, participants were asked to retrieve the word pair in the presence and absence of contextual cues. Critically, the behavioral and ERP results revealed an interference effect, even if the competing events were presented in different environmental contexts. The interference effect was similar in the presence and absence of the contextual cues, which indicates that our context manipulation was not helpful in resolving interference. This was evident both behaviorally and in the ERP analysis. The contextual cues may have been too non-specific for resolving the interference sufficiently. (Less)


A taut, powerful memoir of madness, Angelhead documents the violent, drug-addled descent of the author's brother, Michael, into schizophrenia. Beginning with Michael's first psychotic break - seeing God in his suburban bedroom window while high on LSD - Greg Bottoms recounts, in gripping, dramatic prose, the bizarre disappearances, the suicide attempts, and the shocking crime that lands Michael in the psychiatric wing of a maximum security prison. A work of nonfiction with the form and imagery of a novel, Angelhead enables the reader to witness not only the fragmenting of a mind but of a family as well.


We present reversible classical circuits for performing various arithmetic operations aided by dirty ancillae (i.e. extra qubits in an unknown state that must be restored before the circuit ends). We improve the number of clean qubits needed to factor an n-bit number with Shor's algorithm from 1.5n+O(1) to n+2, assisted by n-1 dirty qubits, without increasing the asymptotic size or depth of the circuit.


A method of operating a fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell, an anode compartment of the fuel cell, hydrogen is supplied, with unused hydrogen returned from the region after the anode chamber via an anode circuit in the area in front of the anode compartment, whereby in the area of the anode circuit via at least one valve means water gas is discharged from the area of the anode circuit, the discharged water and / or gas is introduced into a flowing to a cathode compartment of the fuel cell flow, and wherein the electrical voltage of the fuel cell is at least intermittently measured, characterized and / or that the carried out the control at least one valve means (12) at least partially depending on the measured voltage (U), in which air flowing over a voltage dip in the hydrogen to the cathode space (4) of the fuel cell (2) flow detekti ert is.


The twentieth anniversary of Mikhail Gorbachev's rise to power approaches and Demokratizatsiya prepares two issues that will reflect on this topic. Behind the scenes, Demokratizatsiya has decided to carry out a little perestroika of its own. To better carry out its mission and serve its constituency of scholars and policymakers, Demokratizatsiya is enhancing its editorial structure and board, and also increasing its Internet presence to make it more interactive and accessible. The journal's merger with the East European Constitutional Review has further enhanced these changes. These changes cannot be understood in isolation, which makes for a good opportunity to remind our readers of Demokratizatsiya's unique editorial heritage. Our Editorial Heritage Demokratizatsiya was the first journal of its kind dedicated exclusively to the study of the sociopolitical transformation in the newly independent states (NIS) of the former Soviet Union. The journal is readily identified as distinct for many reasons and retains the aura of policy-relevant scholarship and of the fresh (and ultimately very successful) crowd of specialists--both Western and post-Soviet--that formed it. It was meant as a service to both the Sovietologists as well as to policymakers, both of whom lacked fora for discussing the issues underway in the new states. At that time, there was no Internet, the long-running journal Problems of Communism had ceased publication, and other journals were dedicated mostly to the study of the Soviet economy, ancient history, or literature. Although famously (or perhaps infamously) founded not in the hallowed halls of academe but in the undergraduate dormitories of American University between 1990 and 1992, five groups shaped the editorial style of Demokratizatsiya: (1) emerging Western Sovietologists, (2) scholars from the NIS, (3) architects of reforms, (4) scholars from other fields coming in contact with the NIS, and (5) Western policymakers and analysts. To avoid being identified with any one person or ideology, Demokratizatsiya's editorial structure ensured diversity, balance, and excellence. The journal has traditionally been led by three or four executive editors who agree only on their commitment to study the transitions in the NIS in depth. The original executive editors-Louise Shelley, Nikolai Zlobin, and J. Michael Waller--nonetheless left their indelible mark on the journal, which has proved to be fortuitious since these original editors and other scholars invited by the founding students to run the journal turned out to be such an unusually remarkable group. Demokratizatsiya also aligns with the mission of Heldref Publications, the publishing arm of the nonprofit Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, which became the journal's publisher in 1994. Founded in the 1970s under the leadership of Evron M. Kirkpatrick to assist respected publications achieve financial and organizational viability, Heldref and its forty-seven publications provide new ideas, information, and means of communication to scholars, teachers, students, and interested readers. Heldref achieves this with the cooperation of hundreds of scholars and teachers who contribute their time and expertise as editors and advisors. Demokratizatsiya's editorial restructuring, inviting new and leading experts, and its merger with another leading journal, further position it as a centrepiece in this turbulent yet key field. Compared to its peers, Demokratizatsiya is unique in additional ways: mainly in the way that it took the independence of the new republics seriously from the beginning, engaged scholars from the region as a fundamental part of its mission, and fostered a genuine democracy inside the journal--which sometimes makes its management more challenging than in other journals. Additionally, Demokratizatsiya explored, from the beginning, controversial issues that others shunned, namely organized crime, corruption, and the lingering power of the KGB. …


This research aims to identify the policy network among actors of Lowcarbon in China local government. China government initiated to adjust climate and energy-related projects based on the low-carbon paradigm to implement the policy and regional economic development. It focused on the 'initial provincial correspondance strategies' that are top-down planning process, still lacking the governance between central and local government. For the purpose of this research, the formation of low-carbon policy in China examined the strategy of Chinese government to correspond with the international institutions. It imply the low-carbon enactment is not the matter of individual government but overpassing global society. As a implication from the policy network analysis, it confirmed that the lowcarbon aspect need governance system between central and local government in terms of policy integration ranging from international institution to local government.


China's English is a standard variant of English and has Chinese characteristics, influenced by Chinese thinking way and Chinese social culture. It is characterized by the level of pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax and discourse. Applied appropriately, China's English can play a unique role in expressing things with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, we should internalize the variant theory of China's English and language features to guide the teaching of English, and meantime boldly encourage students to use China's English and to correct the irregularities in the use of China's English.


Tourism in Bali has redefined the use of space. The formation of new activities carried out by new users, has changed the way people use space. Spaces exist because they form and some use, create governance and bring up spatial practices that may be hampered by the current digital age. This research will examine the process of redefinition of space, the formation of productive and non-productive spaces in accordance with the representation expected by the community. In this study, Sanur Beach, a traditional area that has become a tourism space, will be used as a case study. The method Qualitative, by mapping activities based on time segments for space use, interviews to determine user expectations and experiences, identifying patterns to find out how governments regulate space and building data representations through simulations of the movement of space users. The most significant result is the presence of a new identity in the meaning of space, which has been transformed due to spatial practices that are influenced by space users and the development of digital technology. Thus, the use of space in the era of global tourism in which different cultural backgrounds of space users affect the definition of space. This is where the space planner needs to consider how the representation of space by the user has implications for the regulations of the government and customary regulation.


In this paper, the dynamic modelling and adaptive boundary control of a three-dimensional Timoshenko beam are presented for vibration suppression. In order to ensure that no modal information is left out, partial differential equations (PDEs) are employed to describe the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the system by applying the extended Hamilton's principle. Based on the established model, barrier Lyapunov functions (BLFs) are utilised for dealing with system output restrictions. For practical consideration, parameter uncertainties and external disturbances are also taken into account. Under the proposed neural adaptive control scheme, undesirable elastic vibration of the three-dimensional Timoshenko beam is restricted and constrained within given bounds even subject to external perturbations, without needing to know any system parameters. The system stability is proved by the Lyapunov's direct method. The control performance is verified via using numerical simulations.


The destruction state of the product or engineering equipment were described in the process of the storage and transportation,The quality control of coating system in the stage of storage and transportation must be studied to ensure that all kinds of destruction and corrosion of the coating system do not occur in the process of the loading and unloading,transportation,storage.The method to prevent damage and corrosion of the coating system in the process of the storage and transportation were detailed.


The high bandwidth and power needed to process the data coming from modern high resolution focal plane arrays leads to the necessity for fast and efficient read out and data processing. A system that performs block recognition and image classification with efficiency and low latency is presented. The system is comprised of an analog signal processor that will be integrated into the read out integrated circuit. This enables the capability to read out the focal plane array information and process it completely in the analog domain in a comparably very small amount of operational steps. The steps and techniques of the design flow, including definition of problem, concepts and design of system architecture, simulation of system, and analog lay out practices are covered.


A countable group G has the strong topological Rokhlin property (STRP) if it admits a continuous action on the Cantor space with a comeager conjugacy class. We show that having the STRP is a symbolic dynamical property. We prove that a countable group G has the STRP if and only if certain sofic subshifts over G are dense in the space of subshifts. A sufficient condition is that isolated shifts over G are dense in the space of all subshifts. We provide numerous applications including the proof that a group that decomposes as a free product of finite or cyclic groups has the STRP. We show that finitely generated nilpotent groups do not have the STRP unless they are virtually cyclic as well as many groups of the form G1 × G2 × G3 where each factor is recursively presented. We show that a large class of non-finitely generated groups do not have the STRP, this includes any group with infinitely generated center and the Hall universal locally finite group. We find a strong connection between the STRP and shadowing, a.k.a. pseudo-orbit tracing property. In particular, we show that shadowing is generic for actions of free products of finite and cyclic groups, and that shadowing is not generic for groups without the STRP. We also consider the STRP for totally disconnected locally compact groups and characterize pro-countable metrizable groups with the STRP. In particular, inverse limits of groups with the STRP have the STRP and so every pro-finite group has the STRP.


This article discusses the use of confrontational theater and critical ethno-drama as a potential route toward examining and illuminating the construction of performance catharsis. Staged catharsis is discussed as a means of sharing and mapping the collectiv ized understandings produced by audiences and participants. Theoretically, such a process may result in a better comprehension of a collectivized emotional position as the underpinning of a new understanding of collective action.


Insulation coordination is defined as the selection of the dielectric strength of equipment in relation to the voltages which can appear on the system for which the equipment is intended and taking into account the service environment and the characteristics of the available protective devices. In an insulation coordination study, the voltage levels of power system equipment are determined in order to ensure the protection of equipment against overvoltages. In this thesis, an insulation coordination study is performed for lightning overvoltages in 400 kV substations in Algeria High Voltage Electricity System. Several approaches have been proposed to study the overvoltages caused by lightning strokes that impact a line connected to a substation. Regarding the random nature of the lightning phenomenon, the procedure must be statistical and generally the Monte Carlo method is used as the solution for this type of studies. In the first part, a statistical method based on Monte Carlo technique for evaluating lightning performance of a complete air insulation substation (AIS) using the capability of simulation tools is presented. This technique has been coded in MATLAB and linked to EMTP/ATP program to perform the network simulations. The simulations are carried out considering several protection scenarios. It is corroborated that the installation of ZnO arresters at line input and in the vicinity of the autotransformer gives an acceptable mean time between failures (MTBF) at different points in the substation and then provides an adequate protection. Although the studies presented in the second part were aimed at estimating substation equipment MTBF, the procedure can also be used to select surge arresters or substation BILs, once the desired MTBF is fixed and arrester locations have been selected, the surge arrester ratings can be selected by following the detailed procedure; only those surge arresters with which the MTBF exceeds the specified value should be considered. The parallel computing feature of MATLAB has permitted a more accurate prediction of the overvoltages at different points in the substation and significantly reduces the CPU run time of the overall solution process.


With people's awareness of health and environmental protection improve, and now more and more people began to choose the way of low carbon, energy saving, and free travel mode- riding. In our country, Cycling clothes, as an important equipment of riding movement which is gradually entering people's field of vision. Firstly, the paper analyzes the characteristics of the structure design of cycling clothes, then the selection of the functional fabrics, the design requirements of the pattern and the color.Finally make a prospect of the future development of riding clothes in China.which can provide reference for the latter research and enterprise production.


For studying the effects of seed priming with ethanol, methanol, Zn, B and Mn on seed mineral concentration and water deficit stress tolerance in canola (Brassica napus L.), two separate laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted. Laboratory experiment was performed as a completely randomized design with six priming treatments: Non-primed, 2% ethanol, 2% methanol and 0.5% each ZnSo4, H3BO3 and MnSO4.H2O solutions in three replicates. Greenhouse experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment form by completely randomized design with four levels of irrigation: 100, 75, 50 and 25% FC with three replications. The analysis of variance showed significant effect of seed priming on the final germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), mean daily germination (MDG), daily germination speed (DGS) and germination rate index (GI). Furthermore, the analysis of variance showed a significant difference of seed priming and water deficit stress on the number of seeds per pod and 100-grain weight. The detailed results of the study showed that priming seeds with ethanol increased GP by 15%, MGT by 43%, MDG by 15% and GI by 67% over the untreated control. Besides, the results also proved that ethanol seed priming increased the number of seeds per pod and 100-grain weight.


We demonstrate a non-inflationary solution to the cosmological horizon problem in scenarios in which our observable universe is confined to three spatial dimensions (a three-brane) embedded in a higher dimensional space. A signal traveling along an extra-dimensional null geodesic may leave our three-brane, travel into the extra dimensions, and subsequently return to a different place on our three-brane in a shorter time than the time a signal confined to our three-brane would take. Hence, these geodesics may connect distant points which would otherwise be ``outside'' the four dimensional horizon (points not in causal contact with one another).


This paper tests the hypothesis that country-specific advantage embedded in firms of a particular nationality is a motivation for international interfirm cooperation. A sample of domestic and international cooperative relationships formed by Japanese firms in the commercialization of biotechnology is used to identify factors which differentiate domestic from foreign partners. The findings support our hypothesis that country-specific advantage is a significant variable in explaining differences between cooperative relationships with partners of different countries. The results of this study indicate that interfirm cooperation has implications for the international competitiveness of both firms and nations in high technology industries.


Oral medicine experiment course is an important practical course.We reformed the teaching contents and teaching methods based on the practice experience.We adjusted course installation,increased laboratory open time,and added comprehensive and designable experiment.In addition,PBL and visualization teaching methods were introduced.The reform improved students'interest in learning,mastery of basic theory level,performance quality,analysis and problem-solving ability.


As reports show cardiovascular (CV) risks in first‐degree relatives (FDR) of type 2 diabetics, and autonomic imbalance predisposing to CV risks, in the present study we have assessed the contribution of sympathovagal imbalance (SVI) to CV risks in these subjects.


This article looks at Daniel Albright's ideas on the integration, or otherwise, of the arts, specifically as presented in his book Panaesthetics (2014). Articulating a response to Jean-Luc Nancy's resonant question in The Muses, 'Why are there several arts and not just one?', Albright questions whether it is actually possible speak about 'unity' across the arts or whether 'diversity' remains what defines them. With that in view, the article looks at Olivier Messiaen's Harawi and T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets to discuss the countertextual and the contrapuntal, and how the poetic can there be observed in the musical and vice versa. In doing so, it also offers reflections on some implications for critical practice.


The self-assembly of 3,5-bis(2,2':6',2''-terpyridin-4'-phen-3-yl)toluene with an equimolar amount of a Fe(II) salt afforded a high yield of an interlocked dinuclear tetracationic "molecular gear" that was confirmed by single crystal X-ray data.


The early diagnosis of the diabetes disease is a very important for cure process, and that provides an ease process of treatment for both the patient and the doctor. At this point, statistical methods and data mining algorithms can provide significance chances for early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM). In the literature, many studies have been published for solution of this problem. Initially, these studies are analyzed in detail and classified according to their methodologies. The main aim of this paper is to provide the comprehensive and detailed review of the diagnosis of diabetes by machine learning algorithms. Also, this paper presents a literature review on the diagnosis diabetes up to the mid of 2019. This paper provides to guide future research and knowledge accumulation and creation of classification and prediction techniques in diagnosis of diabetes. This study shows that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is the most used machine learning algorithms and it provide more accurate and powerful results.


We propose a novel power-constrained RGB-to-RGBW conversion algorithm for emissive RGBW displays. We measure the perceived color distortion using a color difference model in a perceptually uniform color space, and compute the power consumption for displaying an RGBW pixel on an emissive display. The main contribution is to formulate the optimization problem to minimize the color distortion subject to the constraint on the power consumption. Then, we solve it efficiently to convert an image in real time. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides significantly less color distortion than the conventional methods while providing a graceful trade-off with the amount of power consumed.


In this paper, we focus on the risks and management of the information security, such as computer technology uncertainty,internet viruses and the information security soft outsourcing, then analyze the problems in internet bank information security, we conclude this paper by proposing some measures in controling the information insecurity of internet bank.


This research is funded by African Union Commission (AUC) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Abstract Although concrete has good qualities that make it suitable for a wide range of applications in the construction industry, it also has undesirable properties; one of which is its low tensile strength. Numerous studies are being carried out to improve the undesirable features of concrete by using substitute materials such as industrial, manufacturing, agricultural as well as domestic wastes. In Africa, there is a pressing need for reusing and recycling waste materials. Following the extensive use of concrete in the vast construction industry, the incorporation of wastes like Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles and fly ash to improve its quality is a sensible intervention. PET bottles, used for packaging of beverages, and fly ash, generated during the combustion of coal, are causing severe environmental degradation. This study evaluated the effects of using PET fibres and fly ash on the performance of concrete. PET fibres with an aspect ratio of 50 (100mm length and 2mm width) were incorporated in the concrete mix at percentages of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% by weight of cement. On the other hand, fly ash was introduced as a cement replacement at percentages of 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5 and 30% by weight of cement. The performance of the modified concrete was evaluated based on workability, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength. The combination of 1.5% PET fibres and 27.5% fly ash resulted in 33.45% tensile strength improvements, while keeping the workability and compressive strength unaffected. Keywords: Concrete, polyethylene terephthalate; fly ash; ordinary Portland cement; aggregates; workability; compressive strength; splitting tensile strength; aspect ratio DOI : 10.7176/CER/11-6-05 Publication date :July 31 st 2019


It was presented a rare case of systemic amyloidosis in gout, demonstrating the difficulty of differential diagnosis of chronic arthritis, accompanied by renal impairment.


The field of sentiment analysis and opinion mining, which is concerned with automatically analyzing sentiments and opinions in textual sources (e.g., news, blogs, reviews and tweets), has attracted much attention from researchers and practitioners in recent years. Its potential applications include review summarization and product recommendation, opinion retrieval, political polling, and sentiment-aware online advertising. Much previous work on sentiment analysis in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) field has relied on supervised machine learning approaches, which use labeled data to learn computational models for sentiment analysis. However, labeled data are often difficult, expensive, or time consuming to obtain because the efforts of experienced human annotators may be required. Moreover, sentiment analysis is a problem with multi-facets (e.g., subjectivity, polarity, opinion holder/target, etc.) and all of them suffer from this lack of labeled data. This study aims to explore rich linguistic knowledge and unlabeled data to build better computational models for sentiment analysis with a view to reducing the need of more labeled data for performance improvement. Linguistically motivated approaches and semi-supervised learning could respectively address this lack of labeled data by using rich linguistic knowledge and large amounts of unlabeled data, together with labeled data, to build better computational models for sentiment analysis, and the two points are equally applicable to the multifacets of sentiment analysis. This thesis represents substantially novel research which is significant in that a series of linguistically motivated and semisupervised approaches are presented for addressing various demands of sentiment analysis from different facets: First, for word-level sentiment analysis, we propose a linguistically motivated and semi-supervised approach to learning Chinese polarity lexicons by using both synonym relations among words and internal morphological


Web printing is of great difficulty in system development,even now there is no efficient method for use.Many kinds of Web printing methods were discussed and compared.At last,the principle and implementation method of open source Web printing solution based on LAMP frame were put forward and carried out.


This paper presents a model which describes the operation and performance of the cophasing space diversity combiner used in radio propagation experiments on a Bell System one-hop line-of-sight path utilizing a 6 GHz, 8 PSK digital radio system. This model was confirmed by comparing the model predictions with the recorded spectrum observed in the 1977 field tests. Analysis of the model has demonstrated that a cophasing combiner maximizes power but does not minimize in-band amplitude variation with frequency which is the prime impairment for 8 PSK systems. This is the main reason that, at a bit error rate of 1 \times 10^{-3} appropriate to voice circuit application, the diversity improvement observed was a factor of six relative to the expected nondiversity performance. A simulation showed an additional factor of two improvements for an ideal maximum power combiner. An ideal linear adaptive equalizer was also simulated for each antenna. The improvment relative to nondiversity performance without an equalizer was estimated to be in the range of 3 to 6. The combination of combiner and ideal equalizer would have reduced outage to a negligible amount.


Hypertext is often used in the World Wide Web and in application help tools, but it is certainly capable of much more. If it was available to application programmers as another graphical user interface component, like a button or an image, a wider range of use could be enabled. The Hypertext Display System (HDS), provides a hypertext component which can then be incorporated into a graphical user interface (GUI) development environment. The HDS consists of a hypertext display component, called the HyperDisplay, and a test-bed in the form of a local HTML file browser. Its distinctive characteristics are (1) it was developed with an object-oriented design, using C++, for the Motif X toolkit, (2) it encapsulates the hypertext display capability in the reusable HyperDisplay object, so that it can be easily included in other applications, and (3) the HyperDisplay object is designed with portability in mind, so it can be ported to additional systems. This paper describes the HDS and the HyperDisplay component with: an introduction and design overview, including the class subsystems; a high-level view of their implementation; and a discussion of future directions.


Low back pain in children can be a diagnostic dilemma. Stress fractures affecting the sacrum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of low back pain in children. We report a rare case of sacral stress fracture in a 10 year old that healed with rest, and discuss the pertinent clinical and radiological findings. The diagnosis is often delayed because plain radiographic findings are typically normal and it is best made with skeletal scintigraphy. Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is indicated if there is concern over malignancy or intraspinal pathology.

### CASE REPORT

A healthy 10 year old child presented with a two week history of insidious onset and worsening of his mechanical low back and right sided buttock pains. He gave no specific history of trauma but actively participated in school physical education. He described constant pain that worsened with activity and improved with bed rest. He remained doublycontinent and there were no associated lumbar radiculopathy or systemic symptoms.

Physical examination disclosed restricted lumbar spine flexion and extension, and diffuse tenderness in the right buttock over the sacroiliac joint. Right straight leg raise was restricted …


Mucosal surfaces of the cervix and vagina are portals for heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) and, therefore, play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of primary infection. Cationic antimicrobial polypeptides including defensins are the principal effector molecules of mucosal innate immunity against microbes and viruses such as HIV. In cervicovaginal secretions, antimicrobial polypeptides constitute the majority of the intrinsic anti‐HIV‐1 activity, synergism between cationic polypeptides is complex, and full anti‐HIV‐1 activity involves the complete complement of cationic polypeptides. Periods in which cationic antimicrobial polypeptide expression is reduced are likely associated with increased susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection. This review provides an overview of the role of cationic antimicrobial polypeptides in innate cervicovaginal anti‐HIV‐1 host defense, and discusses how hormones and bacterial infections can regulate their expression. Emphasis is placed on the θ‐defensin (retrocyclin) class of anti‐HIV‐1 peptides and their potential for development as topical microbicides to prevent HIV‐1 transmission.


Abstract The relative potencies of benzo[a]pyrene and a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) produced as by-products of manufactured gas plant (MGP) residues as inducers of hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) were determined in the B6C3F1 mouse. The ED50 values for the induction response were 78 and 65 mg/kg for benzo[a]pyrene and the MGP-PAH mixture, respectively, although benzo[a]pyrene and other compounds containing four or more rings were only trace components of this mixture. A comparison of the EROD induction potencies of benzo[a]pyrene and the MGP-PAH mixture showed that the mixture was approximately 706 times more active than expected based on its benzo[a]pyrene content (0.17%). The enhanced activity of the MGP-PAH mixture was also observed for several other aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-mediated responses, including inhibition of the splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to both T-cell-dependent and independent antigens in B6C3F1 mice. The nature of t...


Objective To observe the impact on weight gain,fasting blood glucose,blood lipids and prolactin of ziprasidone,risperidone,olanzapine,quetiapine,clozapine and sulpiride for treating schizophrenia patients for 12 weeks.Methods 240 female schizophrenic patients were randomly divided into ziprasidone,risperidone,olanzapine,quetiapine,clozapine and sulpiride groups.Body weight,fasting blood glucose,blood lipids and prolactin were measured the baseline and after 12 weeks trearment.Results Compared with baseline,the body weight,fasting blood-glucose(FBG) and total cholesterol were increased significantly after 12 weeks treatment in clozapine,olanzapine,risperidone and quetiapine(P0.01),no significant change were found in ziprasidone and sulpiride.Compared with baseline,the prolactin level was increased significantly in risperidone;no significant changes were found in ziprasidone,olanzapine,quetiapine and clozapine,.Conclusion Ziprasidone is minimal in endocrine side effects on female schizophrenic patients,it may improve the female patient's medication compliance.


Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) double patterning (DP) with a numeric aperture (NA) of 0.33 can be introduced for the critical via layers at 3nm logic node. The minimum center to center (C2C) distance of a via pattern may form bridging defects even adopting EUV DP. The implemented via process, pattern shifts induced by EUV illuminator, overlay capability and OPC strategies may lead to bridging defects in EUV DP process. This paper will put forth a compact model to detect potential bridging hotspots and predict the corresponding probability of failure considering aforementioned process variations. The feasible design, patterning solutions, and process parameters can be optimized and compensated quantitatively to avoid design updates and mask rebuild.


In this paper, interactive experience design and virtual reality technology and its application in modern display. The research discusses the concept of modern display design new displacement phenomenon. Digital media arts background modern display design, features, performance methods and basic types. The development of modern display design has a role in fueling, enabling a better understanding of how digital art is rendered in modern display design. Because of analogy, exhibition design and other modern art design art have a variety of related, so it has a multi-dimensional, multi-faceted character. Modern display design features from its own natural properties. Its function, purpose, means and methods are all constitute an important factor in modern display design. Exhibition design has also created modern special laws.


The calculation method is presented for scattering of plane electromagnetic wave by a perfectly conducting electrically large object wholly or partly covered with an absorbing coating. The object admits surface breaks with toroidal absorbing coating. This method is based on the calculation of contributions to scattering field by smooth surface parts (physical optics approximation) and local break scattering parts (proposed asymptotical method). The Radar Cross Section (RCS) results are demonstrated for "Space Shuttle" and B-2 bomber.


Introduction: Supracondylar Humerus fractures remain one of the most common fractures in paediatric population, requiring operative management. Closed/open reduction and Percutaneous pinning with K wire, remains the mainstay of treatment for Types 2b and 3 Gartland's fracture. Despite the hovering controversies, cross pinning remains the most followed technique owing to its higher stability, at the cost of slight increased chances of ulnar nerve injury and harrowing cosmetic outcome. On the other hand, lateral pinning technique provides complete safety against ulnar nerve injury. This study involves functional and radiological outcome assessment of 42 children with Gartland's Type 2 and 3 fractures who have undergone reduction and k wire fixation via lateral pinning. Methodology: This is a prospective study done in SRIHER from Jan 2016-Sept 2020. All the patients with displaced supracondylar fractures with Gartland's type 2 and 3 were included. Preop, postop and intraop assessment were done with respect to Ulnar nerve palsy, Baumann's angle, Flynn criteria till 14 weeks postop. Results: We analyzed a total of 42 pediatric populations (28 male and 14 female) who sustained Gartlands 2 (71%) and 3 (28%) fractures. Among the participants who underwent lateral pinning, 24 patients (57.1%) 2 k wires were used and in 18 patients (42.9%) 3 k-wires were used. Among the lateral pin fixation, 24 (57.1%) participants had divergent pin fixation and 18 (42.9%) participants had parallel pin fixation. Flynn criteria showed good to excellent results, achieved in 34 cases and Fair results were seen in 8 cases. The difference in BA from immediate postop to 6 weeks and 10 weeks after surgery among divergent and parallel pin fixation showed no statistical significance. There was no report of iatrogenic nerve injury in any participants. Conclusion: We suggest lateral pinning technique with the use of 3 divergent pins gives a good stable configuration in supracondylar humerus fractures, also avoiding the risk of ulnar nerve injury.


Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) provides two particular features difference from Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) in transport layer. One is Multi-homing, and the other is Multi-streaming, Furthermore, Multi-homing is a good feature for soft-handover. This paper will discuss the issue that the soft-handover efficiency implemented by Multi-homing, and improving it. When SCTP changes to other primary path at handover, the transmission rate will greatly decline. Because the new primary path does not transmit numerous packets, the CWND of the new primary path almost equals to the initial value and starts to increase by congestion control mechanism. This paper presents a Fast Handover Recover - SCTP (FHR-SCTP) mechanism that can fast recover the congestion window (CWND) after handover. FHR-SCTP improves the time of reaching the max CWND about 0.83% to 29.11% with other mechanisms after handover.


Take the oil corrector design of a 186FA diesel engine for example,the working principle of oil corrector is analyzed,and the calculation and design defects in the existing literature are pointed out,meanwhile the relationship between design parameters and performance of speed characteristics for diesel engine is illustrated,and the design and calculation method for single-cylinder diesel engine oil corrector is given.By using this method,the values of correction stroke,starting oil enrichment stroke,the maximum force of correcting spring,and the pre-tightening force of starting spring can be accurately obtained.The test of the developed oil corrector provided with oil correction and starting enrichment shows that the performance of speed characteristics on 186FA diesel engine fully meets the relevant assessment requirements of national standards,and the products are already mass produced,thus providing technical assurance for the development of second-generation single-cylinder diesel engine for mobile application.


PCT No. PCT/SE95/00857 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 30, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 30, 1995 PCT Filed Jul. 13, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/02259 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 1, 1996The use of chitosan and a polysaccharide immobilized thereto selected from heparin, heparan sulphate, chondroitinsulphates and dextran sulphate for the manufacture of an agent capable of providing stimulated regeneration of hard tissue; a process for stimulating regeneration of hard tissue in connection with so called osseointegration; and implant intended for integration into hard tissue, particularly bone tissue.


With the expansion of the scale of renewable energy development, its proportion in comprehensive energy power generation is increasing, and the problem of renewable energy consumption is becoming more and more prominent. As the key point of the national demand-side reform, the demand response is of great significance to the absorption of renewable energy, and the absorption of renewable energy also reduces the cost and facility requirements for the demand response. This paper analyzes the interactive strategy of power demand response to renewable energy consumption, and takes the renewable energy consumption in the demand response of managed data center as an example, the interactive process of demand response and renewable energy absorption is studied and analyzed.


To determine the prevalence and to identify the risk factors of chloroquine maculopathy (CM), and to evaluate the association of plasma chloroquine (CQ) and desethylchloroquine (DCQ) levels and CM.


This special issue in CGTA follows the fourth edition of the special track: Geometric Constraints and Reasoning, in the 24th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, which took place in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, March 9–12, 2009. Geometric Constraints and Reasoning is devoted to the recent trends in the domain of geometric constraint solving (GCS) and automated, or computer aided, deduction in geometry (ADG). Geometric problems are within the heart of many theoretical studies and engineering applications. For instance, many problems from geometric modeling, computer graphics, computer vision, computer aided design, and robotics reduce to either geometric constraint solving or geometric reasoning. 21 articles were submitted to GCR 2009, and five were selected, which gives a rate of acceptance smaller than 24%. Nine articles were submitted to this special issue, and five were selected, which gives a rate of acceptance of 55%. Actually, four other articles which were submitted to the special issue were considered out of the scope of the special issue. Thus it can be argued that the rate of acceptance is less than 40%. Let us introduce the five articles of this special issue. They are very representative of GCS and ADG. In the article "A generalized Malfatti problem", Ching-Shoei Chiang, Christoph M. Hoffmann and Paul Rosen generalize Malfatti's problem, first published in 1803. It is commonly understood to ask fitting three circles into a given triangle such that they are tangent to each other, externally, and such that each circle is tangent to a pair of the triangle's sides. There are many solutions based on geometric constructions, as well as generalizations in which the triangle sides are assumed to be circle arcs. A generalization that asks to fit six circles into the triangle, tangent to each other and to the triangle sides, has been considered a good example of a problem that requires sophisticated numerical iteration to solve by computer. They analyze this problem and show how to solve it quickly. In the article "Classification of direct kinematics for planar generalized Stewart platforms", Gui-Fang Zhang introduce the classification of direct Kinematics for the planar generalized Stewart platform consisting of two rigid bodies connected with three constraints between three pairs of points or lines in the base and in the moving platform respectively. There are 16 forms of such platforms. The article gives the detailed classification of direct kinematics for every planar generalized Stewart platform. It also gives the conditions to get real solutions for every planar generalized Stewart platform. In the article "Body-and-cad geometric constraint systems", Kirk Haller, Audrey Lee-St. John, Meera Sitharam, Ileana Streinu and Neil are motivated by constraint-based CAD software. They develop the foundation for the rigidity theory of a very general model: the body-and-cad structure, composed of rigid bodies in 3D constrained by pairwise coincidence, angular and distance constraints. They identify 21 relevant geometric constraints and develop the corresponding infinitesimal rigidity theory for these structures. The classical body-and-bar rigidity model can be viewed as a body-and-cad structure that uses only one constraint from this new class. As a consequence, they identify a new, necessary, but not sufficient, counting condition for minimal rigidity of body-and-cad structures: nested sparsity. This is a slight generalization of the well-known sparsity condition of Maxwell. In the article "Designing and proving correct a convex hull algorithm with hypermaps in Coq", Christophe Brun, JeanFrançois Dufourd and Nicolas Magaud present the formal design of a functional algorithm for incrementally computing the convex hull of a finite set of points in the plane. This algorithm is first expressed in the formalism of the Calculus of Inductive Constructions implemented in the Coq system. Then it is automatically extracted into an OCaml-program which can be plugged into an interface for data input (point selection) and graphical visualization of the output. A formal proof of total correctness, relying on structural induction, is also carried out. This requires to study many topological and geometric properties. They use a combinatorial structure, namely hypermaps, to model planar subdivisions of the plane. Formal specifications and proofs are carried out in the Calculus of Inductive Constructions and its implementation: the Coq system. In the article "A case study in formalizing projective geometry in Coq: Desargues theorem", Nicolas Magaud, Julien Narboux and Pascal Schreck investigate formalizing projective plane and space geometry theorems in the proof assistant Coq. It is a challenging task: the non-degeneracy conditions lead to long technical proofs; moreover, when considering higher-dimensions, the amount of incidence relations (e.g. point-line, point-plane, line-plane) induce numerous technical lemmas. Their article mainly focuses on one of the fundamental properties of the projective space: Desargues property. They formally prove that it can be derived from Pappus property in a two-dimensional setting. Their approach relies on the


Background and Purpose— The high risk of recurrence and comorbidity after a stroke associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) justifies an aggressive diagnostic approach so that anticoagulant treatment can be initiated. Methods— The clinical and paraclinical characteristics of consecutive ischemic stroke patients with and without documented AF were recorded. Independent predictive factors were then used to produce a predictive grading score for diagnosing AF, derived by logistic regression analysis: Score for the Targeting of Atrial Fibrillation (STAF). Results— STAF, calculated from the sum of the points for the 4 items (possible total score 0 to 8): age >62 years (2 points); NIHSS ≥8 (1 point); left atrial dilatation (2 points); absence of symptomatic intraor extracranial stenosis ≥50%, or clinico-radiological lacunar syndrome (3 points). STAF ≥5 identified patients with AF with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 88%. Conclusions— STAF can be used as part of a novel and simple strategy for the targeting of AF in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. A multicenter study is now required to validate STAF in a larger number of patients.


Part 1 considers the cross-cutting issues which need to be understood before embarking on improving output from a given species. The first chapter asks a key question: Why keep livestock if you are poor? Other chapters address issues including livestock systems; poverty assessment methods; livestock development and poverty; knowledge – key to empowerment; livestock and the environment; livestock products; marketing to promote development; processes to give nutritional responses; feeds and feeding to improve productivity; improving livestock health; breeding strategies for sustainable improvement.


The "Gurigura" library at Keimei Elementary School was recognized with the 39th School Library Award by the National School Library Association of Japan in 2009 for its innovative programs and renovations profiled briefly here. This article is adapted from the first English language supplement, HONTSUBA, to the new Japanese edition of Bookbird which appeared in March 2010 and is used with permission of the publisher, Mightybook. For more info: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.bookbird.jp">http://www.bookbird.jp</ext-link>


electro-focusing" in a pH gradient having pH values between 5 and 8. Tetanus and diphtheria antitoxins: Hemagglutinin titrations were done by using washed human 0 cells which had been treated with formaldehyde (3%), to which purified tetanus or diphtheria toxoids (Massachusetts Biological Laboratories) were attached with bis-diazobenzidine at pH 7.2.12 Standard antitoxins (NIH) and blanks for formali-nized cells were always included in these experiments as controls. Agglutination of the cells was observed under a microscope.


In Volume 5 of the Journal, Charles Tily and Roberto Franzosi critiqued P.K Edwards' Strikes in the United States 1881-1974 In his book, Edwards charts the development of United States strike patterns, setting them in the context of technical and organizational changes. He quantitatively examines three key phases of the strike movement: the impact of industrial change at the end of the nineteenth century, the upheaval caused by the New Deal, and the role of strikes in the institutionalized system of the post-war period Edwards' data reveal that the overallpattern of strike activity, as measured by the frequency, size, and duration of strikes, remained remarkably constant despite enormous industrial and institutional changes. Edwards concludes that America's high strike rate in the early 1970s resultedfrom an unremitting struggle between employers and workers for control of the workplace. In arguing thus, Edwards directs considerable critical attention to the work of Edward Shorter and Charles Tilly, who are the major exponents of the view that strikes in most European countries refqect wider political forces. In their review of Edwards' book, Tilly and Franzosi organize their discussion around three approaches to industrial conflict." the protest approach, the power struggle approach, and the industrial relations approach. One of the reviewers' contentions is that Edwards' analsis of industrial conflict falls within the industrial relations tradition, which stresses the containment of workers'and managers' demands within organizational forms that vary significantly over time and between places. In the follo wing Note, Edwards responds to Till, and Franzost Edwards asserts that his analysis goes beyond a defined industrial relations approach. He maintains that his work comes within a broader sociological tradition concerned with the limitations and contradictions, as well as with the strengths, of industrial relations institutions.


This article studies a new feature of the ACUSUM chart related to the exponential w of the sample mean shift in (xt - ¿0)w. The testing cases reveal that the chart outperforms the earlier ACUSUM chart, works as well as the combined schemes consisting CUSUM and/or X¿ charts, but is easier to design and implement. In addition, a general-purpose optimization algorithm is proposed. It can significantly improve the performance of many CUSUM charts over the entire process shift range.


Introduction Interactive graphical representations have been used and promoted to facilitate learning (Cheng, 1999). However, not much is known about what kinds of graphical representations and what forms of interactivity are effective (Rogers, 1999). The present research explores how external cognition affects learning (Scaife and Rogers, 1996; Rogers and Scaife, 1997). More specifically it addresses the question of whether providing 3D interactive graphical representations in problems that require the depiction of 3D properties is beneficial for the learning process. In order to address the research question stated above, four Interactive Learning Environments (ILEs) were created with different graphical representations. Each learning environment tackled the same concept in the same manner, except for differences in the diagrams and interactivity. In total, the ILEs were composed of 15 diagrams distributed along six explanatory steps with accompanying text. So, the ILEs are in fact using two different types of representations, graphical and textual, in separate frames. Two 2D systems were built differing in the possibility for learners to manipulate the diagrams' elements. Two 3D systems were also built, again differing in the possibility for learners to manipulate diagrams' elements. The four systems were named 2D, 2DI, 3D and 3DI. The stereographic projection was chosen as the application domain. It is a one-to-one transformation from the surface of the sphere (the surface of a 3D geometric entity), less one point, onto a plane (by definition a 2D geometric entity). In general terms, the concept belongs to the geometry domain, but in the case of this study there is an emphasis on one of its particular applications: the problem of studying symmetry relationships in crystallography. Some of the graphical representations in textbooks explaining the concept are 2D diagrammatic representations that, through the use of pictorial cues are intended to show 3D "objects" (see, for example, Borchardt-Ott, 1995). The issue here is whether these representations are more easily understood when 3D interactive diagrams are employed, considering that students usually have some difficulties learning the concept and manipulating the resulting 2D final representations, the stereograms. Eighty subjects, 42 first year undergraduates studying a geology course and 38 from a mathematics course, were randomly assigned to one of the four ILEs. The experiment comprised three different moments: • Moment 1-Prior to the use of the ILEs, the subjects were tested on their spatial ability through the Paper Folding Test (PFT) (Ekstrom, French and Harman, 1979) and their geometry …


Enhancement of the cytotoxicity of cytosine arabinoside (ara‐C) by granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), and the mechanisms involved, were studied in the AML‐193 human leukemia cell line. AML‐193 cells require GM‐CSF and G‐CSF(CSFs) for optimum growth, and 24 h deprivation of CSFs decreased DNA synthesis measured in terms of 3H‐thymidine incorporation. The DNA synthesis gradually recovered upon addition of CSFs. To examine the sensitivity to ara‐C under different growth conditions, two groups of cell suspensions, one pretreated with CSFs after 24 h deprivation (CSFs(+) cells), and the other held continuously under CSFs‐free conditions (CSFs(‐) cells), were exposed to 1.0 μg/ml of ara‐C for 16 h. In clonogenic assays, CSFs(+) cells showed higher sensitivity to ara‐C than CSFs(‐) cells. These cell groups showed no significant difference in ara‐C triphosphate accumulation or retention, though the amount of ara‐C incorporated into the acid‐insoluble fraction was two times greater in CSFs(+) cells than CSFs(‐) cells, and that difference became even clearer in the retention pools. These data suggest that the enhancement of cytotoxicity by CSFs was due to the promotion of ara‐C incorporation into DNA as a result of an increase of the cell fraction in the S phase.


We study two-player inclusion games played over word-generating higher-order recursion schemes. While inclusion checks are known to capture verification problems, two-player games generalise this relationship to include program synthesis. In such games, non-terminals of the grammar are controlled by opposing players. The goal of the existential player is to avoid producing a word that lies outside of a regular language of unsafe words.
We contribute a new domain that provides a representation of the winning region of such games. Our domain is based on (functions over) potentially infinite Boolean formulas with words as atomic propositions. We develop an abstract interpretation framework that we instantiate to abstract this domain into a domain where the propositions are replaced by states of a finite automaton. This second domain is therefore finite and we obtain, via standard fixed point techniques, a direct algorithm for the analysis of two-player inclusion games. We show, via a second instantiation of the framework, that our finite domain can be optimised, leading to a (k+1)EXP algorithm for order-k recursion schemes. We give a matching lower bound, showing that our approach is optimal. Since our approach is based on standard Kleene iteration, existing techniques and tools for fixed point computations can be applied.


Throughout art history the reclining nude won much of its attention from shocking its viewers. Historically, such masters as Velazquez, Titian, Goya, Manet, Moore, and Matisse depicted the reclining nudes in their art. Today, it is commonplace to see a nude or partial nude figure on magazines, movies, billboards or numerous other places. Yet, as a hologram the reclining nude seems to evoke response similar to that of its historical past.


This paper introduces the embedded digital S/M system based on the EVC and windows CE operation system,that uses PDA as the carrier,then its construct,function,and characteristic are introduced as emphasis.


CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 114, NO. 11, 10 JUNE 2018 2380 *For correspondence. (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) 12. Froh, J., Archaeological Ceramics Studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 2004, p. 159. 13. Tripathi, V. and Upadhyay, P., Raipura: an early iron age site in Vindhya-Kaimur region, Purattava, 2013–14, No. 43, Bulletin of the Indian Archaeological Society, New Delhi, 2014, pp. 149–157. 14. Tripathi, V. and Upadhyay, P., Agiabir: An early township of middle-Ganga plain. In Prachyaprajnapradipa Professor Dr Samresh Bandhopadhyay Felicitation Volume on Early Indian History and Culture (ed. Ian W. Mabbett), NIOS, U.S.A. and International Forum for Facilitating Professor Dr Samresh Bandhopadhyay, 2012, pp. 546–571. 15. Ricciardi, P., Nodari, L., Gualteiri, S., De Simone, D., Fabbri, B. and Russo, U., Firing techniques of black slipped pottery from Nepal (12th–3rd Century BC): the role of Mossbauer spectroscopy, J. Cult. Heritage, 2008, 9, 267–268. 16. Harding, R., Report on scanning electron microscope analysis of NBP sherds. Man Environ., 2004, XXIX, 30–36. 17. Sharmin, D. and Okada, F., Surface coating technique of northern black polished ware by the microscopic analysis. Ancient Asia 2011, 3, 49–65. 18. Hegde, K. T. M., Extracts from Physical Chemistry in Indian Archaeology, Paper read at Annual Conference of Indian Archaeological Society, Nagpur, Purattava, 1970, No. 5. Bulletin of the Indian Archaeological Society, New Delhi, pp. 63–64.


The present invention provides a switching system of a projector, the projector includes a switching system and a plurality of projector computers, multiple computers to share the projector. The projector further comprises a switching system switch device, a Bluetooth adapter device comprising a receiving apparatus and multi-switching means, a plurality of computers are built-in Bluetooth devices, each computer can be obtained for a particular user code, multiple the computer-switching means for allocating a user code channel, multi-switching device corresponding to a plurality of computers PC screen content in accordance with the selected user code is sent by way of wireless Bluetooth protocol and switching means to a Bluetooth device Projector. Switching means coupled to the computer input for receiving a wireless signal input terminal, an output terminal of the projector. By this wireless switching system, multiple computers need to avoid the inconvenience cable plug projection switching content when sharing a projector, a projection switch saves time and improve work efficiency.


At present the enrolled students are usually lack of creativity.The traditional pattern of class teaching has limit in cultivation of the students' creative talents.Web-based instruction is playing the very vital role in the raise innovation ability's process due to its study independent,teaching environment openness,teaching constitution interactive characteristics,teaching way multiplicity,teaching evaluation polytrophic and so on.Analysis of the innovate teaching system's foundation,this article constructed the "five steps leads five steps study" educational model,and relyed on network teaching platform to apply teaching practice.