Internal antenna is the current trend since the thickness of mobile phone sets has been reduced day by day. As the demands for covering bands are increasing, however, designing of antenna for thin mobile phones is intending toward to small size and compact with multi-band operation. Some internal antennas are mounted at the top portion of the ground plane have been demonstrated [1]-[2] for application in mobile devices. Recently, several types of printed complementary antennas have been developed. Antenna consists of spiral shaped metal strips and slots on a coplanar ground plane as small size and wideband performance was devised [3]. In reference [4], I-shaped self-complementary antenna (SCA) has been demonstrated by adding a resistance load at the opposite of the feed for improving wide bandwidth. Moreover, to improve of I-shaped self-complementary antenna, the L-shaped antenna [5] has been proposed which has wider bandwidth and well radiation efficiency then that shown in [4]. In this study, we present a U-shaped strip-slot antenna for triple band operation. Both simulation and experimental, and radiation pattern characteristics, are also shown and discussed.


The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus to enhance the visibility of the key top legend in low light conditions. Discloses a technique and apparatus visibility to a user input device such as a key to provide improved. In low light conditions, it may be difficult to distinguish the keys. For example, the keys have typically provided thereon legend to distinguish from each other visually, but under low light conditions, the user may be difficult to distinguish visually different keys. These illustrations can be text and / or graphics. Thus, according to one embodiment, light may be utilized from the vicinity of a display device to provide illumination to the input device (e.g., a key) to the user. Some light to a user input device (e.g., a key) and is reflected from the user input device, or a key so as to enhance the visibility of the legend More specifically, in one embodiment, may be displayed from a nearby device.


Red tourism resources containing historical and cultural connotations are different from the general tourism resources, and it owns certain social and economic benefits. In this paper, in connection with characteristics of red tourism resources, we established the evaluation index system of red tourism resources. We estimated the weights of each indicator by the analytic hierarchy process and evaluated red tourism resources with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. With Yan'an red tourism resources as an example, we used the integrated evaluation model for its evaluation. At last, we recommend some policies about red tourism resources development with the help of the integrated evaluation model.


An exhaust gas discharge port is blown by wind power to cause a misjudgment problem of an exhaust gas monitoring system frequently. In order to solve the above disadvantages, the invention provides an online automatic monitoring system for exhaust gas. The system comprises a remote server and a plurality of monitoring devices; the monitoring devices comprise main monitoring devices located at exhaust outlets and slave monitoring devices far away from the exhaust outlets, the remote server acquires environment pollution monitoring information transmitted by the monitoring device, and the main monitoring device comprises a flue gas sensor and a data transmission unit. According to the online automatic monitoring system provided by the invention, the slave monitoring devices are started by the main monitoring devices and the misjudgment is confirmed according to the feedback information of the slave monitoring device, therefore the accuracy of the online monitoring system can be greatly improved.


The publication of Edward Said's seminal investigation of Orientalism as a discursive construction of the Other has triggered an interrogative move towards a re-reading of Western representations of Eastern peoples and geographies. Almost forlorn now is the practice of reading literary productions within an exclusively aesthetic framework of poetic tradition. Anything one writes is already a production – a representation marked by what Derrida calls "violence of the letter." It is a violence "of difference, of classification, and of the system of appellations" (1976, p. 110).


Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of ganglioglioma. Methods We reported 4 cases of ganglioglioma, operated and verified pathologically, among more than 560 cases of brainstem tumors treated in our hospital. Results Gangliogliomas were low grade tumors with a very long clinical history, well circumscribed on MRI and no tumor stain on DSA. Three of the patients had their tumor radically removed. The other one had tumor partially excised. Conclusion We suggest removing such tumors totally if possible and with less possibility of morbidity. VP shunt is necessary for some patients. And routine radiotherapy is not recommended.


Power consumption is identified as one of the main complications in designing practical wearable systems, mainly due to their stringent resource limitations. When designing wearable technologies, several system-level design choices, which directly contribute to the energy consumption of these systems, must be considered. In this article, we propose a computationally lightweight system optimization framework that trades off power consumption and performance in connected wearable motion sensors. While existing approaches exclusively focus on one or a few hand-picked design variables, our framework holistically finds the optimal power-performance solution with respect to the specified application need. Our design tackles a multi-variant non-convex optimization problem that is theoretically hard to solve. To decrease the complexity, we propose a smoothing function that reduces this optimization to a convex problem. The reduced optimization is then solved in linear time using a devised derivative-free optimization approach, namely cyclic coordinate search. We evaluate our framework against several holistic optimization baselines using a real-world wearable activity recognition dataset. We minimize the energy consumption for various activity-recognition performance thresholds ranging from 40% to 80% and demonstrate up to 64% energy savings.


An analysis system and method provide for quantitatively evaluating image quality characteristics of an ultrasound imaging machine that evaluates at least one image representation of a standard phantom acquired by the image machine. The machine under test by comparing acquired parameters with prestored values, and returning a determined set of image quality indices, along with a single index representing an arithmetic combination of all other image quality indices, which indicate the accuracy of the test image relative to a "gold standard" that has been pre-established for the model of imaging machine under investigation. The system, which includes a computer-programmed set of instructions and data, optionally includes at least one standard phantom. The image quality indices, or metrics, quantitatively represent an evaluation of a test image using a set of relatively subjective criteria that include homogeneity, contrast, signal attenuation and penetration of depth, pin to background ratio in near and far-field, axial and lateral resolution, modulation transfer function, and geometric distortion, and axial and lateral linearity. These image quality indices are determined by specific algorithms and then combined to form an image health index. The image health index and the individual component indices are compared to a gold standard set of indices obtained from an equivalent imaging machine operating under optimum conditions and settings.


Mr H. TILLEY (referring to Mr Eraser's remarks as to the opinion expressed in America as regards the wisdom of removing a piece of growth for microscopical examination) said he, the speaker, agreed that the less one did to the growth before the actual operation, the better. In fact, he thought it would be better to make a mistake in the diagnosis and find the case was not epithelioma, than to interfere with the latter before the operation. This opinion turned on what was considered to be the true pathology of cancer. He thought these tumours should be regarded as an unnatural form of growth which, during its period of activity, produced a certain amount of immunity. When the growth was removed, the immunity lasted a certain time, and when it was exhausted there was a recurrence somewhere, if the patient lived long enough. From that point of view the saying : " Once cancer, always cancer," had something in it. Last May he saw a gentleman, aged 78, whose left vocal cord he (Mr Tilley) had removed seventeen years previously for malignant disease. During that time he had been using his voice in addressing public meetings and carrying on his profession as a solicitor, and his health had been very good. When the recurrence took place, it was in the scar which had been left from the operation seventeen years before. He thought the conclusion was irresistible that at the operation some small element of cancerous growth had been left behind. In another case, fourteen years previously, he had removed an epithelioma from the right vocal cord, and at the end of that period a little nodule recurred in the scar of the incision in the neck. After operation there was again freedom for two years, and then infiltration occurred widely in the scar and its immediate neighbourhpod, and the patient died. At the operation he felt that he must have left some small cancer cells in the neck wound, but that they were inert while the immunity lasted. Therefore he felt that the less interference there was before the operation the better, in order not to disseminate any particles of the growth.


The microwave thermal inversion process of oily sludge was studied by programmed temperature increasing.Results show that the microwave thermal inversion process can be divided into 5 stages:temperature rapidly-increasing stage,microwave drying stage,microwave evaporation stage of heavy hydrocarbon,microwave pyrolysis stage and microwave burning stage.At each stage,the appearance of oily sludge significantly changes.There are no significant effects of microwave absorbent,which was produced in the microwave burning processes of oily sludge,on the characteristics of microwave thermal conversion process.However,microwave absorbent accelerates the microwave pyrolysis process,resulting in time decreasing for whole microwave thermal inversion process of oily sludge with less energy consumption.A large volume of non-condensable gases are generated from the microwave pyrolysis stage,which are mainly composed of H2 and C1~C5 with higher portion of C2~C5.Much more non-condensable gases are produced at the microwave burning stage compared with that at microwave pyrolysis stage,in which there are higher content of H2 and less C3~C5.Recovered liquid oil,which is composed of 23.95% gasoline,65.44% diesel and 31.06% heavy oil,is largely generated at microwave evaporation stage and microwave pyrolysis stage of oily sludge,indicating that the recovered oil from microwave thermal inversion process of oily sludge has better quality.The concentrations of dissolved heavy metal ions from remains are far below the allowable values specified in Chinese National standard(GB5086.2—1997).


Rainbow trout of the Kamploops variety were sampled at intervals from October to the end of March. During this period a decline was noted in red cell count, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration and plasma osmotic concentration. Increases were seen, however, in mean cellular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and the water content of liver and dorsal muscle. Sexual differences were found in all values with the exception of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and the water content of both tissues. Males always had higher values in those parameters in which sexual differences were noted. All trends, with the exception of male haemoglobin and mean cellular volume and female mean cellular volume and osmotic concentration, were significantly linear.

None of the findings in this study could be correlated with temperature or photoperiod. Neither could the declining plasma osmotic concentration be correlated with the rising mean cellular volume or tissue water content. However, correlations were noted between haemoglobin and haematocrit, red cell count and haematocrit and between osmotic concentration and haematocrit. A negative correlation was seen between mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and mean cellular volume.


Objective To investigate the effect and promoter methylation of Apaf-1 gene in progression of gliomas. Methods The expression and promoter methylation of Apaf-1 gene were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Methylation specific PCR in 37 specimens of brain gliomas and 9 specimens of brain tissues near tumors. Results The expression of 23 specimens of glomas(23/37)was lower than that of the brain tissues near tumor;methylation specific PCR displayed that 15 specimens were methylated in promoter regions in 23 specimens gliomas,whose expression of Apaf-1 mRNA was down regulated. By contrast,only 4 of 14 gliomas without changes in Apaf-1 mRNA levels were methylated. Conclusion Apaf-1 plays a role in progression of gliomas. The Apaf-1 DNA methylation in promoter region might contribute to the decreased transcription of Apaf-1 in gliomas.


Pounding between structures during earthquakes has been a subject of research for many years, and researchers have considered a variety of conditions of adjacent structures in their studies. The pounding phenomenon includes some factors such as cracking, plastic deformation, energy dissipation, friction and fracture due to impact. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the P-delta effects on the seismic collapse capacities of pounding structures assuming different values of clear distance among them. For this purpose, 2-, 4and 6-story structures with different values of clear distance, having linear viscoelastic contact elements in floor levels among them, are assumed. Nonlinear Multi-Degree-of-Freedom (MDOF) stick models are applied to simulate Moderately Ductile (MD) structures representing steel intermediate moment-resisting frames. It is worth mentioning that an algorithm is used to remove the collapsed structure during the Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDAs) to compute the seismic collapse capacities of both structures using the OpenSees software. Furthermore, in contrast to many studies that investigated pounding without considering the P-delta effect, two types of models with and without considering the P-delta effects are analyzed. The results indicate that considering the P-delta effect in modeling has a significant influence on the seismic collapse capacities of the structures and the impact forces. Also, the results indicate that the existence of the P-delta effect and insufficient clear distance between the structures affect the acceleration and other responses of the structures.


Intramolecularly stabilized heavier tetrylenes (HTs) are group 14 metalylenes featuring at least one intramolecular DE interaction between a two-electron-donor group (D) and the group 14 atom (E = Si, Ge, Sn or Pb). With regard to their coordination chemistry, they normally bind to transition metals as monodentate ligands through the lone electron pair of their E atom; however, the donor group D initially involved in their internal stabilization can sometimes migrate from the E atom to the transition metal. This ring-expansion process transforms the original monodentate (κ1E) ligand into a bidentate one (κ2E,D) and enhances the stability of the resulting complex. This review collects and discusses the hitherto known reactions involving this ligand transformation, also shedding light on the factors that make it possible.


For the purpose of studying the reliability of the heavy bonding wires fatigue damage in Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT), the Finite Element Methods (FEM) of the crack damage of the bonding-wire and different current load have been carried out. As a precise approximation to real damage, the crack was established by deviating about 10μm upwards away from the interface between the Silicon chip and Al bonding-wire in 3D model. Based on the FEM, the influence of the length and location of the bonding-wire crack on the electrical parameters, temperature, strain and stress of the IGBT module is investigated. In addition, the correlation between reliability and current, lifetime and crack ratio in bonding wires of IGBT module were explored based on steady-state electro-thermo-mechanical simulation results, which provides practical guide for IGBT module reliability analysis and the remaining life prediction.


A sgnthesis method of powerful and polymolecular grafted chloroprene adhesive was reported. The effects of reaction temperature,reaction time,concentration of initiator, composition of adhesive on the properties of adhesive were investigated.The optimal composition of adhesive was obtained by orthog onal experiment,the properthes and application of this adhesive were also introduced.


Comiphora wightii (Arn.)Bhandari is a medicinally important plant which is now considered an endangered species. This paper is an overview of the details of this plant, i.e its occurrence, botanical description, its medicinal uses, its phytochemistry and its conservation strategies both by invivo and invitro techniques that have been carried out so far in the world.


Using FX-4000 strain unit, the proliferation in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells that underwent mechanical strain of different waveform、frequency and duration were studied. Image analysis revealed that cellular proliferation rate(PR) reduced significantly after cells were subjected to square wave with 0~20% elongation at frequency 30,40,50 and 60 cycles/min for 2h . The PR had no distinct difference at heart wave , triangle wave and sine wave group compared with control. It is concluded that square wave and higher frequency play an important role in inhibiting A549 cells proliferation.


Recently an article has appeared describing a new style ionization gauge. The ionization gauge circuit which is here described was designed for use with it and combines the advantages of high sensitivity, stability, and ruggedness required for industrial use. These advantages are achieved through the use of a balanced amplifier, negative feedback and gas tube voltage regulation.


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 The experiment was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from July 2005 to November 2006 to study the comparative efficacy of indigenous medicinal plants Neem ( Azadirachta indica ) and Bothua ( Chenopodium album ) with a patent drug Levamisole (Poulnex ® ) against Ascariasis. Sixty ascarid infected chickens were randomly divided into 6 equal groups and treatment schedule were as follows: Group A = Controlled (Infected), Group B = Levamisole 30mg/kg b. wt; Group C = Neem 1gm/kg b. wt. (Alcoholic extract); Group D = Neem 1gm/kg b. wt. (crude extract); Group E = Bothua 1gm/kg body wt. (Alcoholic extract) Group F = Bothua 1gm/kg body wt. (Crude extract) orally once at a time and closely observed for 28 days. Fecal egg count (EPG) were 100% reduced in Levamisole and Neem (alcoholic and water extract) treated groups. On the other hand EPG were somewhat increased in other three groups. Body weight TEC, Hb and PCV were increased significantly in above mentioned three groups (Levamisole and both groups of Neem) and decreased in rest three groups but TLC and ESR were decreased significantly. After post mortem examination no parasites were found in three groups of treated poultry (Levamisole and both groups of Neem). Parasites were remained available (17-24 numbers) in rest three groups. So it is concluded that Neem ( Azadirachta indica ) and levamisole is equally effective but Bothua ( Chenopodium album ) is completely ineffective against Ascariasis in village poultry.


This is a book with an important contribution to make despite its flaws. It sets out to establish a much-needed framework for the study of diachronic syntax from the standpoint of syntactic theory, aiming to develop and substantiate a particular view of the proper relationship between a restrictive and autonomous theory of syntax (the Extended Standard Theory) and accounts of syntactic change. Its focus is therefore narrow. It is concerned not with syntactic change in general, but largely with radical reanalyses; its attention is directed towards the restricted concerns of autonomous syntax and not to 'processes of change' involving such matters as foreign influence, functional factors or sociolinguistic factors (though there is some discussion of aspects of the first two). The approach adopted contrasts sharply with those found in (say) Li (1977), which aim to cover more aspects of syntactic change, but which fail to provide systematic theoretical frameworks for interpretation. Lightfoot develops what in principle seems a powerful paradigm for interpreting certain changes and for integrating an aspect of historical linguistics with descriptive linguistics, and we need the careful distinction between theory of grammar and theory of change which is drawn here. Lightfoot has undertaken a major pioneering exercise which is welcome and will undoubtedly provide a reference point for future work. There are, however, two important respects in which the book is less successful. Firstly, one of its central concerns is the development of a principle (the 'Transparency Principle') intended to increase the explanatory content of the theory of syntax vis-a-vis language change. But this principle remains unconvincing. In the second place, much of Lightfoot's argument for the plausibility of his view of change depends on a series of case histories which form a substantial part of the book. These are drawn primarily, though not exclusively, from English, so that this book makes a series of major claims about the history of English syntax. But here Lightfoot approaches data largely from the standpoint of


Thank you for reading gertrude jekyll on gardening. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this gertrude jekyll on gardening, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their computer. gertrude jekyll on gardening is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the gertrude jekyll on gardening is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Although good quality cement has been made long before the advent of the first bit and byte, globalization of the cement market, increased production capacity and the need for consistent high quality product has fueled the demand to incorporate the high-technology explosion into plant operations. As plant automation has evolved and practical experience has grown, cement manufacturers have developed the savvy to discern between wishes and needs and to differentiate between slick and substance. Automation systems must help them work smarter-optimize fuel and power consumption, maximize production, reduce wear on the refractory, minimize unplanned shutdowns, better utilize personnel and resources while insuring product consistency and quality. There was a time when automation, computers, PLCs and communication protocols were daunting subjects best relegated to contracted experts. Hardware was proprietary, software and communication protocols even more so. All this served to severely limit expansion and flexibility, often defeating the benefits of automation. Automation requirements are now better defined and demand commonality of parts, standard communications and hardware, modularity and system flexibility and expandability.


This paper discusses a new Bachelor of Science in Software Engineering (BSSE) that is offered via a collaboration of three departments of one university. The sponsors span the disciplinary areas of computer science, computer engineering, and information systems. The combination of disciplinary areas helps provide a broad foundation for the program. At the same time, while the idea of joint sponsorship may make sense, putting that idea into practice has its difficulties. Academic units have differences in organizational culture, and disciplines may vary in research tradition and curricular expectations. Administrative issues are also more complicated for a collaborative program. All of these factors may make it more difficult to achieve a satisfactory result. This paper begins with a discussion of the development of the degree program including the process used and issues that had to be addressed along the way. Next, the curricular content of the degree is outlined, with particular attention to contribution and perspective provided by each of the degree sponsors. Finally, the paper discusses initial experiences in offering the degree.


Kinect is used as assistive technology for individuals with cognitive impairments to achieve the goal of performing task steps independently. In a community-based rehabilitation program under the guidance of three job coaches, a task prompting system called Kinempt was designed to assist two participants involving pre-service food preparation training. Results indicate that for participants with cognitive disabilities, acquisition of job skills may be facilitated by use of Kinempt in conjunction with operant conditioning strategies.


Based on the simulation TEC data of the small satellite-GNSS satellite star link, this paper has carried out the time-frequency characteristics analysis of the equatorial anomaly, which is a typical ionospheric disturbance. Based on the first-order time difference method, the second-order time difference method and discrete cosine transform method, the time-frequency variation characteristics of the typical small satellite-GNSS satellite link TEC caused by the equatorial anomaly are obtained. Such as reversal structure of first-order time gradient, multi-wave packet structure of second-order time gradient and discrete pulse structure in frequency domain with first-order and second-order time gradient. These phenomena can be used as characteristic parameters to characterize equatorial anomalous events. It is of great significance for the development of autonomous identification method of ionospheric anomalous events based on small satellite networks.


Abstract : Two-term, 5-term, and flat-faced hydrofoils with AR = 3, rectangular plan form, were tested to determine their supercavitating and ventilated performance. It was found that the 5-term section provides the highest lift-drag ratio for the same lift coefficient. The theoretical prediction agrees well with experimental data at high angles of attack. Means are suggested to hasten the development of leading edge cavitation at low angles of attack and to overcome the oscillating nature of the lift and drag forces in the transition region (between fully wetted and fully cavitating conditions). (Author)


Octavia Butler was a prominent speculative fiction author and also one of the first female African American writers to be successful in the genera. Butler unflinchingly critiques racial and gender issues that affect specifically African American women. A textual analysis of the novels Wild Seed, Kindred, and Parable of the Sower as well as the short story "Bloodchild," reveals Butler's unique expression of empathy and how the abuses of women in the past effect the present and future. Butler's works also allow for an uncommon interpretation of patriarchal ties that challenge women's ability to create a history of their own. Through a constant process of transformation, Butler provokes her readers to face complex, patriarchal hierarchies found in society that are often riddled with unescapable power inequalities. Cooperation is preferred to subjugation as her protagonists bravely assume their roles. Butler challenges society to acknowledge the heightened trauma inflicted on women, particularly on women of color such as rape and violence, and whose abuses allowed the concept of the nation's identity to flourish. Her message embodies a need for both masculine and feminine characteristics in the construction of personal identity. The author's extensive dialogue on slavery and power disparity in gender roles finds itself naturally embedded within her narratives and not forced upon her audience. In doing so, she "makes black normal" thus allowing the divine feminine spirit of African American women to be emphasized instead of condemned. An analysis of scholarly research reveals that Butler's speculative fiction expresses fluctuating ideas of economic status, race, and sexuality. In her fictions, Octavia Butler demands that these historically significant and ever-evolving ideas include diversity that can be applied to the societal needs of today.


Objective Define the radiographic prevalence of sigmoid sinus diverticulum or dehiscence (SSDD) in patients with and without pulsatile tinnitus (PT). Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary care university medical center. Subjects Patients imaged between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2012. Methods Two groups were evaluated for SSDD. The first ("PT") included patients whose radiology report indicated a clinical history of PT (n = 37 symptomatic ears in 30 patients). The second ("non-PT") included all patients undergoing temporal bone high resolution CT (HRCT) between November 2011 and November 2012 (n = 308 ears in 164 patients) for reasons other than pulsatile tinnitus. Primary outcome measure was the radiographic presence of SSDD. Covariates including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and audiometric data were analyzed by independent t tests and Fisher's exact test. Results Within the PT group, SSDD was identified in 24% of ears (9/37) and 23% of patients (7/30); all SSDD patients were female (P = .024). Patients with SSDD were significantly younger (P = .037). SSDD more frequently caused objective tinnitus (P = .016). There was no difference in average BMI between those with and those without SSDD. In the non-PT group, SSDD was identified in 2 (both female) of 164 patients (1.2%; 0.6% of ears). The difference in SSDD prevalence between groups was significant (P < .0001). Conclusions The prevalence of SSDD in patients with PT was 23%. Among patients with PT, those with SSDD were younger, exclusively female, and presented with objective tinnitus. The prevalence of SSDD among asymptomatic patients in 1 year was 1.2%.


Most researchers of socialization processes agree that the primary socialization carried out in the family is crucial. The phenomenon of the family was considered in terms of psychological, sociological, anthropological, philosophical, biological and cultural approaches. Now the question of surrogacy is being studied in terms of the psychology of the life path of the individual; as manifestations of the meaning of life, will, responsibility; as a world of the subjective, where is always something more. Many scientists pay attention to the methodology, organization, functioning of foster families; the problems of lifestyle of orphan children in general, and in particular – in a professionally foster family. Scientists have considered the motivation of the adopted child into the family and some socio-psychological characteristics of parents. However, there are almost no studies of some individual-typological features that dysfunctionally affect family relationships, although these features may be the reason for the denial of the family's ability to be a substitute. The relevance of the study is due to the need of supplement the structural and semantic components of the psychological diagnosis of potential parents in foster families. The empirical study was conducted on the basis of the Odessa Regional Center for Social Services for Families, Children and Youth, a territorial division of the Odessa Regional State Administration. In testing took a part about 30 applicants for foster parents. With the help of Individual-typological questionnaire LM Sobchyk (ITO) there was created an average statistical portrait of candidates for the role of parents in foster families. They are characterized by a high level of extraversion (48.6%); average level of rigidity (82.9%), aggression (54.3%), anxiety (82.9%), introversion (71.5%), lability (74.3%), sensitivity (62.9%), spontaneity (60%). All these qualities positively characterize all members of the sample and confirm their reliability as potential parents in foster families. These conclusions can be used by psychologists in the selection of candidates for the role of foster parents in foster families, as well as in psychological counseling.


OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study aims to assess the safety, feasibility, clinical benefits and pharmacodynamics of adding allopurinol to standard maintenance therapy that includes 6-mecaptopurine (6-MP) in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or lymphoblastic lymphoma. Our goal is to investigate if allopurinol improves hepatotoxicity and GI toxicity, if it safely decreases acute neutrophil count (ANC), if it reduces the 6-MP dose required during chemotherapy, and if it works through our hypothesized mechanism by lowering the levels of the toxic metabolite, 6-methylmecaptopurine (6-MMP) and by raising the levels of the active metabolite, 6-thioguanine (6-TGN). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This is a single arm, nonblinded pilot study of patients under age 30 years who were being treated in the maintenance phase of therapy for ALL or lymphoblastic lymphoma, and had adverse effects such as high 6-MMP:6-TGN ratio, high ANC, and high liver enzymes. Patients enrolled were started with allopurinol in addition to ongoing oral chemotherapy. Data from beginning maintenance to end of chemotherapy was collected in the electronic medical record, EPIC for the 13 patients enrolled at Johns Hopkins, and data analysis was conducted using STATA and Excel. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Initial data analysis reveals that the required dose of 6-MP after addition of allopurinol to the chemotherapy regimen was significantly lower compared with that before the addition of allopurinol in 11 out of the 12 patients assessed (p<0.05). Among the 10 patients that were assessed for 6MMP:6TG ratio, all had lower average 6MMP:6TGN ratios after allopurinol compared to before allopurinol; the percentage of weeks that goal 6MMP:6TGN ratio (<40) were maintained were statistically significant in 6 patients (p<0.05) and close to significance in 2 other patients (p=0.057). The percentage of weeks that patients maintained alanine aminotransferase levels below 120 was significantly greater after addition of allopurinol compared to before the addition of allopurinol in 9 out of 13 patients assessed, suggesting that allopurinol may be associated with reduced hepatotoxicity. Further data analysis is ongoing to assess the percentage of weeks that patients maintained goal total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and ANC, as well as average number of admissions for infections and average number of therapy holds after allopurinol addition compared to before allopurinol addition. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Allopurinol is associated with reduction in required 6-MP dose, decrease in the percentage of weeks that patients have hepatotoxicity, and reduction in the ratio of toxic metabolite to active anti-leukemic metabolite in several patients. We hope that the results of this study can be used for further research and for guiding clinical practice since there are no established guidelines in pediatric oncology regarding addressing side effects of oral chemotherapy using 6-MP. If allopurinol indeed is safe and effective, adding it to the standard chemotherapy regimen can lead to better tolerance and compliance to oral maintenance chemotherapy, and hopefully improved outcomes for children with ALL and lymphoblastic leukemia.


Published are a thermoelectric conversion module, a novel internal combustion engine, a novel electric motor and a power generation method. By means of changing a flow deflector of a traditional thermoelectric conversion module from a rigid flow deflector to a thermal stress resistant flow deflector (202), internal thermal stress of the thermoelectric module can be effectively released, thereby achieving the effects of extending the service life and expanding the application field of the thermoelectric conversion module. Furthermore, the thermoelectric conversion module is applied to an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, a temperature difference power generation apparatus made of the thermoelectric conversion module is added between a heating shell and a cooling system of the existing internal combustion engine and electric motor, which uses harmful thermal energy of the internal combustion engine and electric motor to generate power, thereby achieving the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction. Moreover, the application of the thermoelectric module is spread to more fields of recycling of waste heat energy and harmful heat energy, and using the waste heat energy and the harmful heat energy to generate power can make waste profitable and change harm into treasure, thereby achieving the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction.


For the purpose of giving a better instruction on training and competition,enabling athletes to make the best of their limited physical ability and make excellent performance,the author of this paper has studied the relationship among the skaters'full-distance sliding rhythm,training rhythm,step frequency rhythm and step length rhythm and the characteristics of workload rhythm by means of literature review,video analysis,interviews with experts and statistics.The results show that there exist a loose connection between the Chinese skaters'training rhythm and competition rhythm,their step length takes a dominating role in the full distance of competition,and there is a tendency that step frequency seems to have dominated the curve track while step length has dominated the straight track.


The paper describes experience of 48 surgical procedures for midface injuries with orbital floor fractures. The reticular titanium nickelide-based alloy made in Tomsk University has been used to replace this defect and restore the eye-pit. There were no post-operative complications caused by suppuration or implant shift. As reported, the reticular titanium nickelide allows to raise the efficiency of surgical procedures on patients with traumatic fractures of midface due to material properties, for example, bioinertia, superelasticity and reticular structure, ensures 'tissue ingrowth' and, therefore, prevents any shifts of implant without additional fixation.


Based on giving play to financial management in management of enterprise group's financial system ,enterprise group must control and run the group' s funds unitedly and give suitable right to sub-companies to give full play to the group's whole efficiency and to shape the effective management system.


ABSTRACT
Health protocol during Covid 19 Pandemic however can reduce the tendency of passengers in using trains as mode of transportation. The inter-city train health protocol is regulated in a circular letter from the Minister of Transportation regarding the guidelines and technical guidelines for rail transportation in the new normal era. The description of the behavior of inter-city train passengers with the application of health protocols is needed as a consideration in implementing further policies. This study uses situational variables, knowledge and personality as predictors of passengers' decisions to use trains with the application of health protocols. The research sample was 96 with random sampling technique. The data that has been collected is then tested with binary logistic regression to generate the tendency of passengers to use trains with the application of health protocols in the new normal era. The results of the study show that situational variables and passenger personalities influence passenger decisions in using the train mode in the new normal era.

Keywords: Health protocol, new normal era, consumer behavior, binary logistic regression


In the US, mask wearing, while opposed and evaded by people all over the political spectrum (albeit not equally), was disproportionately associated with reactionary political affiliation, especially in its most demagogic and violent forms. Anti-mask demagoguery associated mask wearing and mask mandates with communism, Nazism, satanism, genocide, suicide and a war on America. This article argues that this demagoguery was not unique to masks or COVID-19, but the rhetorical consequence of the pro-GOP strategic repurposing of twentieth-century anti-communist demagoguery. This demagoguery (which arose after World War I) framed all policy disagreements, not as issues with multiple legitimate perspectives that could be argued qua policies, but as battles in an apocalyptic war between good and evil, and therefore beyond normal political disagreement.


Most common human diseases are likely to have complex etiologies. Methods of analysis that allow for the phenomenon of epistasis are of growing interest in the genetic dissection of complex diseases. By allowing for epistatic interactions between potential disease loci, we may succeed in identifying genetic variants that might otherwise have remained undetected. Here we aimed to analyze the ability of logistic regression (LR) and two tree‐based supervised learning methods, classification and regression trees (CART) and random forest (RF), to detect epistasis. Multifactor‐dimensionality reduction (MDR) was also used for comparison. Our approach involves first the simulation of datasets of autosomal biallelic unphased and unlinked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), each containing a two‐loci interaction (causal SNPs) and 98 'noise' SNPs. We modelled interactions under different scenarios of sample size, missing data, minor allele frequencies (MAF) and several penetrance models: three involving both (indistinguishable) marginal effects and interaction, and two simulating pure interaction effects. In total, we have simulated 99 different scenarios. Although CART, RF, and LR yield similar results in terms of detection of true association, CART and RF perform better than LR with respect to classification error. MAF, penetrance model, and sample size are greater determining factors than percentage of missing data in the ability of the different techniques to detect true association. In pure interaction models, only RF detects association. In conclusion, tree‐based methods and LR are important statistical tools for the detection of unknown interactions among true risk‐associated SNPs with marginal effects and in the presence of a significant number of noise SNPs. In pure interaction models, RF performs reasonably well in the presence of large sample sizes and low percentages of missing data. However, when the study design is suboptimal (unfavourable to detect interaction in terms of e.g. sample size and MAF) there is a high chance of detecting false, spurious associations.


AIM
To study the direct effect of enalapril on cellular electrophysiology of myocardium.

METHODS
Conventional microelectrodes technique was used to record the action potentials (AP) of guinea pig papillary muscles.

RESULTS
Enalapril caused an increase of the AP amplitude (APA) and the resting potential (RP) in a concentration-dependent manner without any significant change of AP duration, Vmax and overshoot of AP. Superfusion of ouabain 0.5 mumol.L-1 reduced APA and RP, induced stable delayed after-depolarizations (DAD) at different basic cycle lengths (BCL) in a frequency-dependent manner. At BCL 200 ms, the amplitude of DAD was large enough to induce nonsustained triggered activity (TA). In additional presence of enalapril 10 mumol.L-1, the DAD amplitude at 500, 400, 300, and 200 ms were decreased from 5.3 +/- 2.3, 5.9 +/- 2.8, 7.4 +/- 2.1, and 8.9 +/- 1.3 to 2.6 +/- 0.7, 3.1 +/- 1.0, 3.7 +/- 1.5, and 5.3 +/- 1.1 (mV) respectively, all P < 0.01. The compensation intervals were increased in a similar frequency-dependent manner. The number of TA induced at BCL 200 ms was decreased from 3.6 +/- 0.7 to 0.8 +/- 0.2 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Enalapril directly inhibits DAD and TA induced by ouabain through increasing RP and APA, which may contribute to its anti-arrhythmic effect.


The liquid-containing cell and crystal holding device that are components of my design of a simple single-axis crystal rotator, could be adapted to other designs [Hartshorne ,1963 a, b; Hartshorne and Stuart, 1960,1964, R. E. Wilcox, 1959] to improve the convenience and efficiency of the apparatus. In 1945 we made the rotation device shown in Figure 1. The design was based largely on the description of a simple rotator given by T.R.P. Gibb (1942), but modified to fit on our petrographic microscope. Standard objectives (4 mm and longer focal length), and condensers can be used with it.


In the framework of the two-years project "Rights and Jobs in Journalism", the European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) organised on 30 May its ...


To improve the efficiency and design quality of vibro flotation device design, this paper builds a rapid design system based on KBE (Knowledge Based Engineering) for Vibroflotation device, offers a way to implement KPT (Knowledge Processing Technology) and establish the framework of the system. The knowledge base system is embedded into all the design process. Moreover, according to the requirement of automatic design, both the CAD/CAE integration and automatically extraction of mass parameters are realized based on uniform product model and secondary development of 3D modeling software and homogeneous coordinate transformation, respectively. Then the final KBE based vibro flotation device system is built. Our system not only reduces the development cycle and complexity of vibro flotation device but also improves its quality of design, effectively.


Identifying the assets that will be submitted to the validation process is a priority task for any company that implements a Quality Management System, wicth has a direct impact on the success of any company. Taking into account the previous approach, it was designed in September 2014 a procedure in the department of Quality Assurance, Production Management, CNIC; with the aim of identifying those equipment or auxiliary systems that will be included in the validation process in the manufacture of the active ingredient Policosanol (PPG). To meet the principal goal, it was used a method based on the combination of techniques traditional risks such as comparative methods, fault logic diagrams, risk studies and operability, analysis of failure modes and effects, and others. As a result, it was obtained a general procedure for the implementation of the technique of criticality, it was named HAZID ( HAZ ard- ID entification), based on risk analysis. As a fundamental conclusion, it was obtained a starting point to justify the inclusion of an equipment or auxiliary system to the validation process.


Terrorism is a global issue for countries in the world, both in Indonesia itself. Since the existence of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, the country has always faced incidents and threats of terror. This study aims to determine the security system and prevention of terrorist attacks in one of the offices of law enforcement agencies in Indonesia in order to anticipate potential threats of crime that may occur. This study used a qualitative approach, followed by an analysis of the location security system based on three ring security in the surveillance detection program and CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design). Furthermore, conclusions and anticipation of problems can be made. This study concludes that in order to create comfort and security from the threat of various criminal acts, it is deemed necessary to have an integrated security plan as a preventive measure in securing and preventing terrorist attacks at the offices of law enforcement agencies in Indonesia.


Part 1. Historical Introduction The Poly-Psy Relationship: Three Phases of A Long Affair, W.J. McGuire Part II. Personality and Politics A. Authoritarianism and Mass Psychology The Authoritarian Personality and the Organization of Attitudes, R. Brown Threat and Authoritarianism in the United States: 1978-1987, R.M. Doty, B.E. Peterson, and D.G. Winter The Other "Authoritarian Personality,"B. Altemeyer B. Political Elites and Leadership Can Personality and Politics Be Studied Systematically?,F. Greenstein Leader Appeal, Leader Performance, and the Motive Profiles of Leaders and Followers: A Study of American Presidents and Elections,D.G. Winter Part III. Mass Media and Candidate Perception Experimental Demonstrations of the "not-so-animal" Consequences of Television News Programs,S. Iyengar, M. Peters, and D. Kinder Altering the Foundation of Support for the President Through Priming, J.A. Krosnick and D.R. Kinder Anxiety, Enthusiasm, and the Vote: The Emotional Underpinnings of Learning and Involvement During Presidential Campaigns, G.E. Marcus and M. MacKuen Part IV. Idealogy and Public Opinion A. Does Ideology Exist? The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics, P.E. Converse The Origins and Meaning of Liberal-Conservative Self-Identification, P. Conover and S. Feldman B. Cognitive Style and Ideological Functioning The Fear of Equality, R.E. Lane Cognitive Style and Political Belief Systems in the British House of Commons, P.E. Tetlock Part V. Challenges of Decision-Making Contrasting Rational and Psychological Analyses of Political Choice, G.A. Quattrone and A. Tversky The Drunkard's Search, R. Jervis Part VI. Prejudice, Diversity, and Social Contact A. Theories of Intergroup Relations in Society The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior, H. Tajfel and J.C. Turner The Role of Stereotyping in System-Justification and the Production of False Consciousness, J.T. Jost and M.R. Banaji Social Dominance Theory: A New Synthesis, J. Sidanius and R. Pratto B. The Enduring Problem of Racism Group Conflict, Prejudice and the Paradox of Contemporary Racial Attitudes, L. Bobo Is It Really Racism? The Origins of White Americans' opposition to race-targeted Policies, D.O. Sears, C. Van Laar, M. Carrillo, and R. Kosterman Part VII. Conflict, Violence, and Political Transformation A. The Social Psychology of Wrongdoing and Harm Social Organization for the Production of Evil, J.M. Darley The Psychology of Political Terrorism, M. Crenshaw B. Protest and Revolution Theoretical Approaches to Explaining Collective Political Violence, H. Eckstein Politicized and Collectie Identity, B. Simon and B. Klandermans


M-learning is learning supported by mobile devices and intelligent user interfaces. Compared to the prior generation a few years ago, storage capacity and screen size of mobile devices as well as transfer speed of wireless connections have significantly increased. Equipped with mobile devices, learners can conduct learning activities at anytime anywhere. M-learning is learning that is not constrained to a physical space or specific time and learning that is supported by communication with embedded computing elements in the environment on every move of the learner (Thiyagu, K, 2009). The main aim of the study is to assess the perception towards mobile learning activities among post graduate students in Viruudhunagar district. Survey method is employed for this study. The investigator has chosen 230 post graduate students as a sample for the study in a random sampling technique. Finally the investigator concludes; (i) There is no significant difference in perception towards mobile learning activities among the post graduate students with respect to their course in terms (ii) There is no significant difference in perception towards mobile learning activities among the post graduate students with respect to their Father's Educational Qualifications and father's occupation.


T he average human cornea contains a certain amount of positive spherical aberration.1,2 Because spherical IOLs also have positive spherical aberration, implanting them in the eye increases the degree of this higher-order aberration in the optical system. This fact suggests that implanting IOLs with one or more negatively aspheric surfaces (aspheric IOLs)3-8 will benefit patients by neutralizing the natural spherical aberrations of their corneas. At minimum, aspheric IOLs should not induce additional positive spherical aberration. The decentration of an implanted aspheric IOL, however, may overshadow the lens' apparent benefits by inducing coma or reducing modulation transfer.1,3,9 The Effect of Decentration on Higher-Order Aberrations


Published by the Harvard-Yenching Institute HJAS 81 (2021): 364–370 the Board of Rites was a key organization in determining both the form and function of power, authority, and legitimacy in the early Qing state" (p. 194). What he has written in the book's main chapters does not substantiate this statement. While it is totally justified and critical to give rites and symbols their deserved position in the Qing dynasty—this study is thus valuable in bringing these elements to the fore—overestimating or idealizing their role does not serve the purpose of explicating the Manchu's state-building process. Keliher's book skips the violent dimensions involved in building and legitimizing Qing rule in China and downplays "external constraints and punishments" (p. 193). For instance, the book does not mention at all the hair-shaving orders and their bloody fallout. Since the dawn of civilization, rituals and symbolism have played an important role in state building in nearly all societies. However, rituals usually went hand-in-hand with other measures. Without the support of political forces, no rites alone, no matter how sophisticatedly designed and attentively displayed they were, could single-handedly uphold the authority of a sovereign. When he chides earlier scholarship for overlooking rituals and symbols, Keliher exhorts that "the Qing political system as a whole needs to come into focus, not just a single aspect divorced from the totality of its operations" (p. 8). He should have applied this awareness in his own work.


Introduction: Volatile species, such as H2O, CO2, F, and Cl, are important in the generation and differentiation of basaltic melts. On the Earth, dissolved H2O (or in certain circumstances CO2) is thought to be the dominant volatile in most basaltic magmas. Therefore, significant effort has been placed on understanding how water and CO2 affect basalt genesis and crystallization of terrestrial magmas [e.g., 1, 2]. However, water may not be the dominant volatile species in magmas on other planetary bodies [3-6]. Martian basalts are thought to be enriched in halogens (up to 0.2 wt% Cl and F) and depleted in water compared to terrestrial magmas [3-4, 6]. Lunar basalts contain small amounts of dissolved H2O but much less than terrestrial or Martian basalts [5, 7-9]. They also contain F and Cl but the exact amount is highly debated and is likely less than terrestrial or Martian magmas. Venusian magmas are thought to be water poor and CO2 rich, but the exact compositions (especially in terms of volatile contents) of these magmas are poorly constrained [10]. In order to understand how F and Cl affect liquidus depression, near liquidus basalt crystallization, and mantle melting, we compare experimental results of a high-Fe basalt composition with fluorine, and chlorine added independently. We also compare these results to experiments on the effect of water on olivine liquidus depression of basalts with varying bulk compositions. Finally, we perform preliminary calculations for the changes in basalt liquidus temperatures and Fe-Mg partitioning relevant for planetary magmas. Experimental technique: An Fe-rich model basalt (Martian Adirondack-class basalt Humphrey) was used as the starting composition. Experiments have been conducted nominally volatile free [11], with 0.7 wt% Cl [12], and with 1.75 wt% F [13] in graphite capsules at 0.5 2 GPa. Fluorine was added to the starting mix as AgF2 and Cl was added to the starting mix as AgCl. Hydrous (0.8 wt% bulk H2O) experiments [14] have been conducted on a similar bulk composition, which can be be compared with the F and Cl experimental results. Results: Figure 1 shows the P-T results for the volatile-free, fluorine bearing, chlorine bearing and water bearing experiments. From these experimental results we can calculate the change in temperature (∆T) from the anhydrous liquidus to the experimental temperature of the volatile bearing runs. T (C)* 115


In the past several years, Au bonding wire has been replaced with Cu wire in the field of LSI devices. In particular, Pd coated copper (PCC) and Au-Pd coated copper (APC) wire are the majority of the market share. Recently, a shift from Au wire to Cu wire is also expected for automotive devices. In order to apply Cu wire to automotive devices, high bond reliability is required under harsh environment. Especially, high temperature is a major concern to design and manage long term reliability. A new type of APC (new-APC) wire was developed to have better thermal reliability than bare Cu and conventional APC wire. New-APC wire has higher concentration of added element than APC wire. Furthermore, the new-APC wire has good bond properties similar to APC wire.


A computer model intended for modelling of subsonic turbulent plasma jets generated by plasma spray torches, as well as for simulation of spray particles behaviour in such jets is presented. Comparison of computer modelling and measurement results showed fairly good agreement.


The infrared absorption and laser Raman spectra of 4-amino-3-bromotoluene and 5-amino-2-bromotoluene have been recorded. The vibrational analysis is presented assuming Cs symmetry for the molecules.


This paper introduces the classification characterisics and application, emphasizes the importance of expressing knowledge,and sets up good foundations for developing machinery design expert system.


The electronic nose was used to investigate change of volatile component of pork, and electronic nose data were analyzed to evaluate the effect of storage temperature and time on change of volatile component of pork. The pork samples were respectively placed on 5, 15, 25℃ container for different hours. The results showed electronic nose data and t or t0(.5t is collection time) are linearly correlated, and the eigenvalue of the sample, can be represented with the slope of the linear equation. The eigenvalue of the sample increases with storage temperature increasing, also with storage time extending. Preliminary experimen- tal results indicated change of volatile component of pork can be detected using electronic nose under different testing conditions. So the electronic nose is available to assess pork freshness.


Acupuncture has been used to treat gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in China for more than 3000 years. The point of lower limb (ST36; stomach-36) is one of the most commonly used points for treating GI symptoms. Postoperative ileus (POI) is a transient bowel dysmotility following abdominal surgery. The pathogenesis of POI is multifactorial and several mechanisms have been proposed such as neural reflex and inflammatory changes. A recent report has shown that acupuncture prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting [1]. We investigated whether acupuncture improves POI in conscious rats.


This paper presents a spatial analysis on regional dimensions of poverty and economic development across provinces of Iran. It offers the first ever estimation made in developing countries using this strand of "New Economic Geography" (NEG) models and provides a comparison of the results between previously studied developed countries and Iran as a developing country. The goal of this study is to offer an analysis of the effects of agglomeration and dispersion economies on the patterns of regional economic development in Iran. It analyzes the linkages among adjacent provinces as well as effects of agglomeration and dispersion economies on the patterns of Iran's regional economic development through empirical estimation of two of the NEG models. First, it presents an estimation of a "Market Potential Function" (MPF), in which wages are associated with proximity to consumer markets. Second, the paper estimates an augmented MPF derived from the Krugman model of economic geography. The parameters in this model estimate the importance of transportation cost and economies of scale. The estimation results suggest that Iran showed generally good fit to both models and satisfied both MPF and Krugman model specifications. Compared to other similar studies in developed countries, Iran shows smaller returns to scale and consistently higher size of the effect of market potential on wages.


: Road deterioration inspires researchers to enhance the properties of asphalt binder for better performing mixes. Recycled tire rubber, or crumb rubber modifier (CRM), and used motor oil (UMO) are two modifiers that enhance asphalt binder performance through two different mechanisms. CRM affects high-temperature properties while UMO modifies low-temperature properties. Potential environmental concerns arising from the use of UMO have been raised in the literature. In this paper, the two recycled materials were investigated for their ability to complement each other. Both performance benefits of using both materials and the environmental concerns of using UMO were studied. Four CRM asphalt binders were investigated: two with UMO and two without UMO. Environmental impacts were evaluated using gas chromatography to check air emissions for benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylenes (BTEX). The potential for toxic leaching of elements from modified hot mix asphalt (HMA) were checked using the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Protocol (TCLP). For asphalt binders modified by CRM-UMO combinations, CRM decreased the amounts of released BTEX components, presumably by absorbing UMO and slowing the release of BTEX. Leaching results concluded that UMO mixtures showed a notable percentage of sulfur (S) as compared to non-UMO mixes. All these leachate components were under EPA limits.


An analytical model predicting the nanoparticle charge and temperature distributions in a low pressure plasma is developed. The model includes the effect of collisions between ions and neutrals in proximity of the particles. In agreement with experimental evidence for pressures of a few Torr a charge distribution that is less negative than the prediction from the collisionless orbital motion limited theory is obtained. Under similar plasma conditions an enhanced ion current to the particle is found. Ion-electron recombination at the particle surface, together with other particle heating and cooling mechanisms typical of silane-argon plasmas, is included in a particle heating model which predicts the nanoparticle temperature distribution. The effect of plasma parameters on the nanoparticle temperature distribution is discussed and the predictive power of the model is demonstrated against experimental evidence of temperature induced crystallization of silicon nanoparticles.


In the pro-drop literature, various analyses have been proposed to capture a cluster of well known distributional properties of null arguments in child language. First, null subjects in early English are linked to the development of verbal inflections, in that the acquisition of tense marking coincides with the shift from a null-subject to a non-null subject grammar (cf. Guilfoyle 1984, Hyams 1992). Secondly, the null arguments in children acquiring English or German as a first language are restricted to root clauses and do not appear in embedded finite clauses (cf. Valian 1991, Rizzi 1994). Thirdly, in languages like English and German, null subjects are absent from sentences with fronted wh-elements, in both adult and child language. Fourthly, a subject-object asymmetry exists in child language, so that either null elements occur only in subject position and not in object position (as in English), or the frequency of null subjects outnumbers that of null objects (as in Chinese, cf. Valian 1991, Wang et al 1992).


DiffServ (differentiated services) can provide for corresponsive quality of service according to different consumers with different service requirements. TCP flows play a very important part in Internet. TCP congestion control algorithm based on window limits bandwidth required fairly with big RTT link, so that it limits its support with DiffServ. This paper presents an active queue mechanism, EBLUE, to support DiffServ. By combining EBLUE with an enhanced TCP congestion control mechanism, we investigate how TCP supports assured service and achieves fair bandwidth share among connections.


With the increase in the number of observed gravitational wave (GW) signals, detecting strongly lensed GWs by galaxies has become a real possibility. Lens galaxies also contain microlenses (e.g., stars and black holes), introducing further frequency-dependent modulations in the strongly lensed GW signal within the LIGO frequency range. The multiple lensed signals in a given lens system have different underlying macro-magnifications (|μ|) and are located in varied microlens densities (Σ•), leading to different levels of microlensing distortions. This work quantifies the fraction of strong lens systems affected by microlensing using realistic mock observations. We study 50 quadruply imaged systems (quads) by generating 50 realizations for each lensed signal. However, our conclusions are equally valid for lensed signals in doubly imaged systems (doubles). The lensed signals studied here have |μ| ∼ [0.5, 10] and Σ• ∼ [10, 103] M⊙/pc2. We find that the microlensing effects are more sensitive to the macro-magnification than the underlying microlens density, even if the latter exceeds 103 M⊙/pc2. The mismatch between lensed and unlensed GW signals rarely exceeds 1% for nearly all binary black hole sources in the total mass range [10 M⊙, 200 M⊙]. This implies that microlensing is not expected to affect the detection or the parameter estimation of such signals and does not pose any further challenges in identifying the different lensed counterparts when macro-magnification is ≤10. Such a magnification cut is expected to be satisfied by ${\sim }50\%$ of the detectable pairs in quads and ${\sim }90\%$ of the doubles in the fourth observing run of the LIGO–Virgo detector network.


ABSTRACTPrehistoric irrigation in the Salt River Valley is described. Information about the re-use of prehistoric canals and their gradual obliteration since the settlement of the Phoenix area in historic times is presented. A classification for the identification of canal remains is outlined. Finally, the prehistoric canal complex in the vicinity of Mesa is discussed in detail. The map accompanying this article gives the location of more than 315 miles of prehistoric irrigation canals.


Recent progress in the use of organic molecular dopants for the manipulation of interface properties optimizes the design of perovskite solar cells.


Summary Numerically simulated moduli for micro-CT images of rock microstructure are usually considerably higher than those inferred from laboratory measured ultrasonic velocities. Here, we analyse a set of images of Bentheimer sandstone samples accompanied by stress-depended ultrasonic measurements. First, we propose a new segmentation workflow that could better segment dispersed clay out of sandstone matrix based on both pixel intensity and morphology of clay particles. Then, with the moduli computed for scans with different resolution we fit a linear relationship to extrapolate our estimates to the infinite resolution. Our calculation clearly shows that imperfect image segmentation algorithms and image resolution may be considered as the main reasons for the systematic bias between computed and measured moduli. Through the above adjustment, our digital rock physics workflow not only provides a robust calibration for bulk modulus-porosity relationship, but also the bulk modulus-clay relationship for sandstones with dispersed clay.


Synovial joints form the most important feature of the human body as they represent the centers of the most essential and basic activity in the human beings, which is motion. A synovial joint can be described as a load carrying system consisting of two mating bones with tangential and /or normal motions. The bone ends, which are usually spherical in appearance, are covered with a soft sponge like material, called articular cartilage. The space between these cartilaginous extremities of the bones, known as joint cavity, is filled with a sheardependent fluid called synovial fluid. The surfaces of the synovial joints have a high degree of geometrical conformity.


We build on the up-to-date version of Phylotree, a comprehensive and continuously updating phylogeny of global human mtDNA variations (van Oven and Kayser 2009), to better understand the substitution mechanism of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and its most influential factors. We do so by composing Poisson and negative-binomial regression models relating the rate of occurrence of mtDNA substitutions to various factors. Important factors we identify include the identity of the codon at each position, confirming previous findings about the biological significance of different codons for the same amino acid. Importantly, we also identify a significant effect of neighboring sites. This effect cannot be attributed solely to CpG pairs. A similar effect of neighboring sites was recently described for autosomal DNA substitutions, and we speculate it is related to the basic mutational mechanism itself. Once codon composition and context are taken into account, there is no significant difference in substitution rate between different genes in mtDNA.


Ultrasonic acoustic emission analysis has often been used to detect hydraulic failures in xylem conducting elements under drought and/or frost stress. However, other sources can generate acoustic signals. In this study, we hypothesized that frost stress generates acoustic signals in living cells in relation to frost-induced dehydration. Living cells are able to transiently increase their frost resistance through the process of frost acclimation / deacclimation. The temperature at which freeze-induced acoustic signals would be recorded should therefore show seasonal changes. Well-hydrated lavender plants were frozen in three different seasons: winter (January and February), spring (April) and summer (June and July). The acoustic activity as a function of temperature showed seasonal changes. The temperature inducing 50% acoustic emissions was recorded at -25°C in winter and spring while it occurred at -15°C in summer. This temperature was very similar and strongly correlated to the temperature inducing 50% damages, detected by the electrolyte leakage method. Although further studies are needed to identify the exact acoustic source, these results represent a promising avenue for monitoring frost stress in a constrained environment and an alternative technique for measuring plant frost hardiness.


The nature of orbital interactions in a carbonyl–carbonyl short contact is determined by the relative orientation of the two interacting carbonyl groups.


The paper is about addressing the difficult behaviours and difficult children in a classroom. It defines difficult behaviours, how teachers perceive difficult behaviours. It is found that difficult behaviours is a generic term, overlapping with many terms like disruptive behaviour, challenging behaviours, deviant behaviours, aggressive behaviours and the like. Teachers perceive difficult behaviours from normal disturbance to challenging his/her authority to threatening in nature. This opens different dimensions of the concept inviting for research to be done for classification of difficult behaviours exhibited by learners in the classroom. Investigator put some rules to be observed by the teacher to deal with the problem, irrespective of its origin. These rules are just workable adjustment rather than relieving the individual from the problem.


4626Background: In the Phase III POLO trial (NCT02184195), maintenance olaparib significantly prolonged PFS vs placebo in pts with a germline BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation (gBRCAm) and mPaC (median 7...


We present a modelling environment for the simulation of interactions between agents of different strategies similar to that reported by Lux (Nature 397 1999). Our freely available software allows market parameters to be adjusted via a simple interface. The incorporation of different population size distributions extends previous work.


Bryopsis hypnoides Lamouroux was regenerated in vitro from the protoplasm squeezed out from wild algae and the regenerated individuals had an advantage over individuals from the wild in terms of growth. Culturing of segments of thailli also showed that segments from the regenerated algae grew better than those from individuals from the wild. The segment that corresponds to a part of a cell, at least a part of the protoplasm, can develop into a mature individual, including rhizoid and thallus, suggesting that a multinucleate alga, such as B. hypnoides, is different from higher plants, whose totipotency is based on an intact cell (or protoplasm). Further cultivation of mature individuals from segments indicated that the organelles in the thallus had two ways in which they could survive when the alga was on the decline: (1) the organelles were transferred into a ball with a gelatinous envelope through a formed pipe and the ball seemed to be capable of being propagated; and (11) the organelles were aggregated in the thallus and then moved to the outside. An interesting result is that one organelle aggregation located outside the thallus germinated and developed into a mature alga, although most organelle aggregations gradually lost vitality and died. The results of the present study reveal that the aggregation of organelles can regenerate a stronger organism than Individuals from the wild owing to the complete exchange of genetic material and may possibly enable organelles to survive in unfavorable surroundings.


A wind tunnel test of an 0.030 scale model of the Rockwell International Configuration 140A/B Space Shuttle Vehicle Orbiter were conducted in the Ames Research Center 11- by 11-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel. This part (part A) of test series 0A53 was conducted at Mach numbers of 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.05, and 1.20, and at Reynolds numbers from 1.8 x to 6.5 million per foot. The objective of this test was to establish and verify longitudinal and lateral-directional aerodynamic performance, stability, and control characteristics for the Configuration 140A/B SSV Orbiter. Reynolds number studies were performed for certain nominal control-settings. An alternate leading-edge wing configuration and sealed elevon-split arrangement were tested. Bodyflap, elevon, speedbrake, and rudder hinge moments were measured in addition to standard six-component forces and moments and base pressure data. Furthermore, six-component force and moment data were measured for the vertical tail assembly.


Objectives : This study was aimed to examine the endometrial scratch injury effect to improve pregnancy rate in women undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI). Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in a University Clinic from November 2017 to January 2019. A total of 120 candidates entered the study, who were assigned to intervention (n=60) and control (n=60) groups. All subjects underwent controlled ovarian stimulation using letrozole 2.5 mg/BD on a day between 3 and 7 of the cycle. Then, the sonographic monitoring was started from day 8 of the cycles, followed by injecting human chorionic gonadotropins (HCG) 100001U intramuscularly when 1-2 follicles reached 18 mm in diameter. Approximately 36-38 hours afterward, IUI was done and a B-HCG test was performed after 15 days as well. In addition, luteal phase support was performed with the vaginal progesterone 400 mg twice daily for 15 days. In the intervention group, on day 3 of the cycle endometrial cavity on the posterior wall was scratched with the vaginal cannula No. 4 by a single infertility specialist in addition to the routine procedure. The chemical and clinical pregnancy rates were the main outcome measurements. Results: The overall clinical pregnancy rates were 11/59 (18.6%) and 10/59 (16.9%) in intervention and control groups, respectively (P=0.810). Further, the abortion rates were 1/59 (1.7%) and 3/59 (5.1%) in intervention and control groups, respectively (P=0.303). Eventually, no cases of ectopic pregnancy were observed in either group. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, endometrial scratch by pipelle cannot improve pregnancy rate in the early proliferative phase.


Visible and near-infrared (VNIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) has proven to be effective tools of estimation of soil properties. Regression models are usually calibrated on the entire datasets without its stratification. This paper discusses how clustering of the soil spectra improves prediction of basic soil properties: contents of sand, clay, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen, as well as the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and total exchangeable bases (TEB). The analysis was performed on a set of 212 soil samples collected from surface horizons throughout the area of arable lands in Poland. Spectral measurements were done using ASD Fildspec PRO with attached Source Probe Mug-Lite in the wavelength range of 350–2500 nm. First, partial least squares (PLS) regression models using the raw spectra and their first derivatives were calibrated on the entire dataset. Then, the observations (soil samples) were clustered using the Ward and K-mean methods based both on the raw and the transformed spectral data. The PLS regression modeling fitted separately within each cluster was performed. Our findings indicate that clustering is potentially useful to enhance the prediction of soil properties based on the DSR data when using the PLS regression modeling. In a practical application to a given set of soil samples, one needs to implement a two-step procedure recommended in this paper. In the first step, one runs a cross-validation analysis in order to identify the best combination of the spectra transformation, the type of the clustering method, and the number of clusters. In the second step, the best combination is applied to the whole dataset for prediction purposes. The improvement achieved by the described procedure ranges from 24 to 49 % reduction in the cross validation root mean squared error.


We have carefully analyzed micro-seismic events during continuous recording for two years, in a geothermal field in West Java. The seismometer networks in this field record waveform signals not only from areas inside the field but also from outside i.e. regional events. First, in this study, we selected microseismic events occurring around the field, which have characteristics of short duration i.e. less than 10 seconds and the time difference of S-and P-wave arrival times less than 3 seconds. Second, we picked Pand S-wave arrival times of micro-seismic events manually. Third, we then determined the location of micro-seismic events using Geiger's method with adaptive damping. These steps represent a basic task, which is very important for a routine analysis in seismology. Our results show some reliable patterns that are related to production, injection stimulation, and signature of local fault activities. The approach employed in this study can be used for advanced studies, such as double-difference event relocation, seismic tomography, waveform inversion, and shear wave splitting.


Grain growth kinetics in an AISI 347 stainless steel with Nb content up to 0.7%wt was studied during the isothermal holding in the temperature range of 1100-1270°C for various periods. Abnormal grain growth was observed even in the presence of a large amount of precipitates. The kinetics of normal grain growth was tracked by metallographic measurements and fitted by the classical modeling, which led to two important parameters of activation energy Q and growth exponent n derived. Both of them are larger than the usual values for grain growth in the Nb-microalloyed steels due to the much larger content of Nb in the present steel.


This final report describes the work that has been accomplished over the past 5 years under the Community Petascale Project for Accelerator and Simulations (ComPASS) at Tech-X Corporation. Tech-X had been involved in the full range of ComPASS activities with simulation of laser plasma accelerator concepts, mainly in collaboration with LOASIS program at LBNL, simulation of coherent electron cooling in collaboration with BNL, modeling of electron clouds in high intensity accelerators, in collaboration with researchers at Fermilab and accurate modeling of superconducting RF cavity in collaboration with Fermilab, JLab and Cockcroft Institute in the UK.


As an outstanding historical novel—Li Zicheng,has successfully presented "this one" in specific historical environment by combination of the historical understanding and the persons' individual destiny.This novel successfully used a comparative approach in shaping the image of Li Zicheng."Li Zicheng" has revealed the reasons of characters' fate and explained why the revolt succeeded or failed."Li Zicheng" is a true representation of the history;meanwhile,it also goes beyond the historical record.Other characters in the novel not only showunique individualities,but also act as an important comparison and supplement of Li Zicheng.


Because of the transition of the public transportation system from that of operation by the city to one operated and supported by a newly created regionwide agency, the Downtown People Mover (DPM) program in Houston was deferred for approximately one year. Because of circumstances that had arisen during this hiatus, it was deemed appropriate to conduct a shortterm, but intensive, reexamination of the DPM concept as originally developed in 1976. Because of the time constraints, it was decided to adapt modified demand forecasting procedures that had been applied in preliminary engineering activities for the downtown people mover system proposed for Los Angeles rather than develop original procedures with attendant (and significant) data assembly and calibration efforts. The activities undertaken to adapt, calibrate and verify these procedures to ensure their applicability for Houston DPM analysis are given here.


As an important application of 3D GIS in geosciences,the 3D strata model takes a great role in the geological analysis.On the basis of the researches before,the authors present a novel method for reconstructing 3D strata model.The method,generating 3D strata models with borehole data,characterizes simpleness,practicality and speediness.It also can deal with the user-defined cross-sections,which solve the problem of imprecise or unmodifiable modeling that caused by only using borehole data.This paper introduces the principle and workflow of this method,discusses the effect of fault and gives an approach to the modeling fault in 3D.Finally,the practical effect of this method is shown in a case study.


Even though years have passed since the creation of the reengineering process, many organizations still have not been able to maximize on return on investment in the automation of business processes. This reflects the difficulty in fully understanding such processes. In this work, we present a novel solution based on semi-structured data that allows textual searches and a visual navigator that facilitates learning of business processes. This intends to improve the understanding of these processes, permitting better quality in the productive process of the organization.


Sporting spaces draws together distinct social assortments. Football (in various forms), for example, generates specific types of spectators and spectator behaviours.1 Cognizant of this work, our paper examines the 2010 World Blind Football Championships (WBFC) and its spectatorship. We conducted semi-structured interviews, orientated around perceptions of disability/disability sport, with 285 spectators. The thrust of our paper is that the event affords spectators opportunities to better understand, appreciate and engage with the experiences of athletes with a disability. We argue that the unique context of blind football competitions (characterized here as an unthreatening, convivial, often familial-like, and somewhat parochial space) resulted in positive spectator experiences. We conclude that within the framework of bridging social capital, this unique sporting space afforded the creation of relationships between the athletes (and the sport) and the spectators, two groups previously separated by social distance.


The present invention, each of the various kinds of object to be polished can be polished with high efficiency, and at the same time can be obtained, a sufficiently high precision flattened finished surfaces, even in excess of the optimum grinding time keep the chemical mechanical polishing of the wiring portion provides the dishing or erosion is not deteriorated and the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion for chemical mechanical polishing method, and a chemical mechanical polishing kit for producing the aqueous dispersion. The chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion comprises a (A) abrasive grains, (B) an organic acid, (C) benzotriazole or a derivative thereof, (D) poly (meth) acrylate, (E) an oxidizing agent, and (F) water , the amount of the (a) abrasive grains is from 2 to 10% by weight. The aqueous dispersion for chemical mechanical polishing, chemical mechanical polishing method


In earthquake and tsunami risk-prone regions such as Chile, catastrophe models help insurers and reinsurers understand and quantify the potential financial losses caused by these perils. The 2010 Maule earthquake highlighted the need for quantifying losses not only from primary perils (earthquake) but also from secondary perils such as tsunamis, which contribute to the overall event losses but are not often modelled. This paper describes the methodology and application behind a new earthquake and tsunami catastrophe model for Chile developed by Impact Forecasting in collaboration with its Aon Benfield Research partners. The Chile earthquake and tsunami model is validated through comparison of the modelled and observed losses for client portfolios from the 2010 event.


This invention relates to a bodying agent used in lotion and its preparation method and application, which is mixed by polyether and crylic acid in the mol ratio: 1:0.5-1:6 to be added with inhibitor and acid catalyst under 90-180deg.C and mixed for 0.5-6h to be esterified, then the temperature is reduced to 20-100deg.C and added with an initiator and mixed for 0.5-5h under 50-150deg.C to carry out polymerization of free radical and add additives to mix them evenly, which has fine bodying ability and increases the viscosity of a product when using it in a lotion of low density to reduce cost of products.


Most antidepressants may affect the cardiovascular system adversely although their mode of action in causing these complications differs. They affect the cardiovascular System directly or through drug interactions. They may affect blood pressure, the inotropic state of the heart and cardiac conduction.


The advanced use of pen computers for insurance claim damage assessment and settlement are explored. The advantages of implementing such a paperless approach to insurance claim settlements and the usefulness of the various peripherals available for the pen computer are explored. The peripherals used and discussed in this study include a Global Positioning System device, a digital camera; and a cellular phone/fax/modern.


Schottky barrier (SB) Ge channel MOSFETs suffer from high drain-body leakage at the required elevated substrate doping concentrations to suppress source-drain leakage. Here, we show that electrodeposited Ni-Ge and NiGe/Ge Schottky diodes on highly doped Ge show low off current, which might make them suitable for SB p-MOSFETs. The Schottky diodes showed rectification of up to five orders of magnitude. At low forward biases, the overlap of the forward current density curves for the as-deposited Ni/n-Ge and NiGe/n-Ge Schottky diodes indicates Fermi-level pinning in the Ge bandgap. The SB height for electrons remains virtually constant at 0.52 eV (indicating a hole barrier height of 0.14 eV) under various annealing temperatures. The series resistance decreases with increasing annealing temperature in agreement with four-point probe measurements indicating the lower specific resistance of NiGe as compared to Ni, which is crucial for high drive current in SB p-MOSFETs. We show by numerical simulation that by incorporating such high-quality Schottky diodes in the source/drain of a Ge channel PMOS, a highly doped substrate could be used to minimize the source-to-drain subthreshold leakage current.


Supply chain inefficiencies can result from incompatible incentives provided by independent decision-makers. This paper studies the combined impact of competition and retailer's risk aversion attitude on the coordination of a two-stage supply chain. When the system reaches Nash equilibrium, the whole system's optimal order quantity increases as the degree of competition increases but decreases as the risk aversion increases. Moreover, competition weakens the effect of risk aversion on coordination of the decentralized system,hence, the supply chain can achieve coordination with a simple wholesale price contract.


The concept and meaning of equipment informationalization and the relation between informationalization and mechanization is given.The impact of informationalization to the development of surface combatant is analyzed from the aspects of battlefield informationalization,platform informationalization,combat system informationalization and ammunition informationalization according to the role and position of surface combatant in informationalized combat,and the features and developing trend of surface combatant in the background of equipment informationalization is summarized.Suggestions are proposed based on the domestic current development of surface combatant.


A central control point for the induction of apoptosis mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), leading to the release of cytochrome c and other proteins residing in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Within a short time, MOMP is followed by apoptosome formation and caspase activation resulting in apoptosis. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins, with proapoptotic Bax and/or Bak required for permeabilization. This is counteracted by antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members, mainly Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1. Different proapoptotic BH3-only proteins such as Bim, Bid, Puma, and others, act to interfere with the function of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 members and/or activate Bax and Bak. I will discuss studies in cells and in cell-free systems that analyze the activation and regulation of Bax and Bak to effect MOMP. These observations present an emerging view, on how interactions among the Bcl-2 family and other proteins result in MOMP and apoptosis. In addition to induction of cell growth and proliferation, growth factors maintain cell viability, as lack of appropriate growth factor stimulation will rapidly trigger apoptosis. Growth factor receptor engagement induces activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which prevents the release of cytochrome c. One way in which this occurs is through the inhibition of GSK3, which phosphorylates the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein Mcl-1. This phospho-Mcl-1 is rapidly degraded by the proteasome. Therefore, upon growth factor withdrawal, Mcl-1 protein levels decline, thus reducing anti-apoptotic effects in the cell. Growth factor deprivation in lymphoid cells also results in upregulation of the Bax/Bak activator, Bim, via an independent pathway. As a result, MOMP and apoptosis ensues.


A rapid ion chromatographic method for the determination of carbohydrates in samples collected at all stages of beer production is described. Carbohydrates were separated by direct-injection anion ...


Abstract The giant and obligate air-breathing fish pirarucu Arapaima gigas (also known as arapaima) is a species endemic to the Amazon Basin that is increasingly managed by artisanal fishers because of government failure to control the fishery. In this study the ability of experienced artisanal fishers to count the number of pirarucu at the moment of aerial breathing was assessed. Counts were strongly correlated (r = 0.98) with mark–recapture abundance estimates calculated for the same populations. The potential for trained fishers to train other fishers to count pirarucu without slow and expensive mark–recapture work was also assessed and confirmed. Not only are the counts a cost-effective method for assessing pirarucu populations, they also allow fisher participation in decision making and contribute to effective management. The increasing number of community-based management schemes can now be matched with the training of fishers to count pirarucu.


The design cycle of network premises distribution system is described in detail,it includes demand analysis,technical exchange,building design paper reading,preliminary design,budget estimate,plan examination,formal design and project budget.Then the design content of network premises distribution system is expounded,it includes engineering project information point plan design and information points statistical table,engineering project system diagram,engineering project construction drawing,engineering project materials statistical table,engineering project budget,engineering project port correspondence table and engineering project progress chart.


Using the time-dependent multilevel approach, we have calculated the coherent population transfer between the quantum states of potassium atom by a single frequency-chirped laser pulse. The result shows that a pair of sequential 'broadband' frequency-chirped laser pulses can efficiently transfer population from the initial state of the ladder system to the target state. It is also found that the population can be efficiently transferred to a target state and trapped there by using an 'intuitive' or a 'counterintuitive' frequency sweep laser pulse in the case of 'narrowband' frequency-chirped laser pulse. Our research shows that the complete population transfer is related to the pulse duration, chirp rate, and amplitude of the laser pulse.


The moving ground target's position and motion cannot be measured directly in tracking it by unmanned air vehicle via camera vision. In this paper, a type of filter named continuous nonlinear Kalman filter is used to estimated target motion , directional heading on flat ground and distance from the UAV to target. Before the filter can be implemented, the kinematics of the tracking problem must be established, and then we obtained the nonlinear process model. Next, F(t) was computed based on the assumption of the following constant values: Vg = 25/s, η= 0, range ρ= 400m, λ=Vg/ρ = 0.04 rad/s , Vt =5 m/s, ψg = 0.04 rad/s, ψg took on the latest value from the UAV truth model as the UAV changes heading. ψt was unknown and hence took on the value from latest estimated target heading ψt. Clearly, the gain varied according to the difference in heading between UAV and target. This set of gains was used to provide estimates of the state variables. Equation was implemented using existing simplified UAV truth model based on only one body turn rate ψg in yaw, for the airframe. The nonlinear Kalman filter performance is shown. The error was about 45 (after 500 seconds) compared to the true range of approximately 250m mean, meaning an error of about 18%. values assumed for variables in H(t) and the low values of the Kalman gain, for target velocity, which was related to the choice of noise covariance. Overall, the filter in this particular implementation could provide estimates of the state variables to within 20% error approximately except for the target velocity. In future, further assessment using Kalman filter technique will be beneficial in identifying the cause of the estimation discrepancies observed.


Regardless low probability of occurrence the severe accident phenomena are investigated for all types of nuclear reactors in the world because the consequences of such accident could be catastrophic. Most of research is performed for the prevailing vessel-type light water reactors like PWRs and BWRs. Less research is performed for the channel-type reactors like CANDUs and RBMKs as they are operated just in a few countries. Up to now the phenomena that could occur in case of a severe accident in RBMK reactors were not analysed in detail and little literature is available on this topic. The paper presents one of the first integrated analyses of severe accident in RBMK-1500 reactor. RELAP/SCDAPSIM code is used to simulate the phenomena in the reactor core and reactor cooling system and COCOSYS code is used to simulate the confinement phenomena during the same accident scenario. The performed analysis provided information regarding code acceptability for the severe accident analysis in RBMK reactor and assessment of the timing of the key events, i.e. core uncover, fuel cladding rupture, etc, and provided assessment regarding hydrogen distribution in confinement. (authors)