Objective:In order to understand the influence of iron deficiency anemia on thalassemia screening.Method:test subjects blood routine parameter,hemoglobin electrophoresis,serum ferritin,and the statistical analysis of the data.Results:By analysis of 1999 cases of test samples certify iron deficiency anemia will make silence,light alpha-thalassemia to reduce poverty hematology parameters,however,beta thalassemia will only make HB,MCH parameters change,will not affect HBA2 values,for application tomoderate or severe screening also does not constitute a disturbance.Conclusion:In the thalassemia screening work we should try to focus on to iron deficiency anemia,avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.


The health related quality of of patients in 40 cancer trials. There are currently no minimally important difference (MID) guidelines for the 41 EORTC QLQ-C30 for colorectal cancer (CRC). The data were obtained from three published EORTC trials that treated CRC patients using 45 chemotherapy. Potential anchors were selected from clinical variables based on their correlation 46 with EORTC QLQ-C30 scales. Anchor-based MIDs for within-group change and between- 47 group change were estimated via mean change method and linear regression respectively and 48 summarized using weighted correlation. Distribution-based MIDs were also examined. 49 Results 51 Anchor-based MIDs were determined for deterioration in 8 of the 14 EORTC QLQ-C30 scales, 52 and in 9 scales for improvement, and varied by scale, direction of change and anchor. MIDs for 53 improvement (deterioration) ranged from 6 to 18 (-11 to -5) points for within-group change and 54 5 to 15 (-10 to -4) for between-group change. Summarized MIDs (in absolute values) per scale 55 mostly ranged from 5 to 10 points. These findings have clinical relevance for the interpretation of treatment efficacy and the of clinical trials QLQ- treatment decision calculations on the distribution of the HRQOL and polyserial polychoric correlation estimated. correlations ≥|0.30| [11] We anchors QLQ-C30 scale to offer some assurance about the plausibility of the MID estimates. retained anchors were scrutinized for clinical plausibility by five CRC / HRQOL experts to avoid spurious findings. Details on the anchor selection process have been by Musoro et al. [22]


Ten primary health care clinics in the Gaza Strip were randomly selected from the five regions that form the Gaza Strip (Southern region, Gaza City, Middle region, Khan-Younis and Rafah). The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of mental health problems among patients attending primary health care clinics in the Gaza Strip. Six hundred and sixty-one randomly selected primary health care patients from the five regions were surveyed using the HSCL-25. Seventy-three per cent of patients visiting primary care clinics in the Gaza Strip had psychiatric symptoms consistent with psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of mental health problems among females was higher (76.8%) than males (67%). Previously married and single patients reported more distressing symptoms than married people. The results also revealed that the prevalence of mental health problems was higher among patients living in refugee camps. Civic status was not associated with mental health problems.


With the development of 5G network and the ar-rival of Industry 4.0, factories will develop towards integrating all kinds of automation applications (monitoring, management, maintenance, etc.) to meet the industrial requirements of the new era. Therefore, promoting the design and deployment of wireless network structure in industrial environment has become the key point of current research. In order to better meet the requirements of industrial environment deployment in Industry 4.0 and reduce the required computing resources, this paper proposes a wireless channel modeling and simulation platform for industrial environment based on ray tracing in three-dimensional (3D) space. Firstly, for path search, we divide rays into line of sight (LOS), reflection and diffraction, and adopt the algorithm combined with 3D R-trees to greatly reduce the search complexity. Then, at the receiving end, the received power and path loss are calculated by superposition of the electric field vectors of different rays. After introducing the framework and simulation process of the platform, we compared the simulation results of the outdoor environment with the path loss specified in 3GPP to verify the reliability of the platform. Finally, we extend it to factory and measure the path loss of LOS and non line of sight (NLOS) routes at different frequencies, respectively. The results are compared and analyzed.


Abstract Objectives The association between screen time and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been controversial. This study sheds light on the contentious correlation between screen time and ADHD. Content Until August 2022, electronic searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were carried out. The combined effect value odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated for the meta-analysis using Stata 12.0. There were 81,234 children in the nine studies that made up this meta-analysis which included 28,997 children with ADHD and 52,237 healthy controls. When compared with the screen time <2  h/d, the OR (95 % CI) value of screen time and ADHD in the screen time ≥2 h/d group was 1.51 (1.20–1.90). Summary and outlook Based on the current meta-analysis results, our study found a positive correlation between screen time and the risk of ADHD. Excessive screen exposure may significantly contribute to the development of ADHD in children. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce screen time per day in children to prevent the occurrence of ADHD.


Professor Bossard needs no introduction to the sociological world. He is the author of numerous works in this field and his co-author in this book has worked closely with him for a number of years. The purpose of this volume is to answer the innumerable questions and problems of men and women who are puzzled about interfaith marriages. The answers to these questions are based upon case histories for a quarter of a century or more which involves information from parents, relatives, children, and grandchildren as well as from the couples themselves. This methodology, of course, gives an authoritative ring to the whole study. Few young people contemplating marriage have understood the real meaning of interfaith marriages. Rarely do they stop to think that interfaith marriage involves the union of two distinctive personalities, two differing ways of thinking and living in life's most intimate relationship. These differences manifest themselves in attitudes and actions at every level of experience especially in the patterns of sexual behavior. The authors go on to point out that not only religious differences, but national variations within the religious group, and social class differences can pose real problems in marital adjustment. As for the prevalence of mixed marriages we have no adequate data. Available sources consist of special restricted studies which, when combined, give us only a relatively reliable answer. These data indicate that marriage across religious lines is large and is increasing in volume. All persons contemplating interfaith marriage should study carefully chapters 6-8 which deal with the husband-wife, parentchild relationships and solutions which have worked in interfaith marriage adjustments. You young people who are deeply in love feel that they can iron out all of their marital problems by intellectualizing, But if the records of this book are accurate, they indicate "that parental feelings supersede romatic love and individualism" (p 114). When a baby comes both parents feel protective and possessive about it. Both families try to raise the child and as a result he is torn in choosing his religion and philosophy of life between two sides of the family. This results not only in "taking sides" with the family, but in inner conflict for the child. Nor does the matter end here. The divisiveness extends to brothers and sisters as well as parents and tends to divide them into opposing camps. This is the fundamental tragedy of many interfaith marriages. Professor Bossard is too wise to offer simple and naive solutions to interfaith marriages. But on the basis of case studies he discovered that mixed marriages work out successfully when the following principles are followed: (1) where one of the mates accepts the religious culture of the other; (2) when the couple withdraw from most social contacts and live in relative social isolation; (3)


Transcriptional control has long been identified as a key mechanism regulating the formation and subsequent behaviour of haematopoietic stem cells. We have used a comparative genomics approach to identify transcriptional regulatory elements of the LMO2 gene, a transcriptional cofactor originally identified through its involvement in T-cell leukaemia and subsequently shown to be critical for the formation of haematopoietic stem cells and endothelial development. An initial stringent search for homology between evolutionary distant species demonstrated that, apart from the coding exons, high level of identity between mammalian, amphibian and fish sequences was restricted to the proximal promoter region of LMO2 . Real-time RT-PCR expression analysis identified this promoter as the predominant source of transcription in haematopoietic tissue. Transient and stable transfections indicated that the proximal promoter was active in haematopoietic progenitor and endothelial cell lines and this activity was shown to depend on three conserved Ets sites which were bound in vivo by Elf1, Fli1 and Ets1. Transgenic analysis demonstrated that the LMO2 proximal promoter was sufficient for expression in endothelial cells in vivo . However, no haematopoietic expression was observed indicating that additional enhancers are required to mediate transcription from the proximal promoter in haematopoietic cells.

To identify additional elements involved in haematopoietic expression of LMO2 , we have performed a less restrictive search for conserved sequences by comparing the human, dog, rat and mouse LMO2 loci to the marsupial opossum LMO2 locus. The addition of the opossum locus, and removal of the more distant fish and amphibian sequences from the alignment, resulted in the discovery of eleven conserved regions. These sequences represent candidate haematopoietic regulatory regions as they contain conserved transcription factor binding sites (E boxes, Ets and Gata sites) previously shown to regulate several other haematopoietic genes. We will present results from a systematic analysis of these regions for enhancer activity in both haematopoietic cell lines and transgenic mice, which suggest that several of these elements indeed act as enhancers. Taken together, our experiments will provide a framework for the transcriptional hierarchies within which LMO2 exerts its function in normal haematopoietic cells. Moreover, the current studies will serve as a platform to examine potential molecular mechanisms that can cause ectopic expression of LMO2 in T-cell progenitors with the ultimate consequence of developing T-ALL.


A single quartz fiber delivery system capable of remotely depositing in excess of 9 watts of continuous laser radiation has been developed and tested. Of particular interest in this development was the achievement of a catheter that can be inserted into the biopsy channel of a conventional flexible endoscope for noninvasive control of gastric bleeding. In animal testing, the prototype device was found capable of producing a large useful area of superficial tissue coagulum, effectively controlling gastric hemorrhage. Future clinical application is highly encouraging.


. We study the existence of positive solutions for the non-autonomous Schr¨odinger-Poisson system: where λ > 0, 2 < p ≤ 4 and both K ( x ) and a ( x ) are nonnegative functions in R 3 , which satisfy the given conditions, but not require any symmetry property. Assuming that lim | x |→∞ K ( x ) = K ∞ ≥ 0 and lim | x |→∞ a ( x ) = a ∞ > 0, we explore the existence of positive solutions, depending on the parameters λ and p . More importantly, we establish the existence of ground state solutions in the case of 3 . 18 ≈ 1+ √ 73 3 < p ≤ 4


After one year of providing virtual reference service through an instant messaging (IM) service, Binghamton University (BU) Libraries, under the purview of its Digital Reference Committee (DRC), undertook a study of collected session transcripts. The goals of this work were to determine who was using the IM service and why; if staffing for the service was adequate and met our in-person reference standards; and if improvements to the libraries' existing reference services were needed. The findings revealed that 31 percent of identifiable users were students and 5 percent of users were campus community members. The analyses also revealed that many used the service for complex questions and not just ready reference, policy, and directional questions as had been expected. The most common question types were Web site navigation help (29% of all sessions), research assistance (22%), and instructional questions (23%). The American Library Association Reference & User Services Association (RUSA) Guidelines for the Behavioral Performance of Reference and Information Service Providers were used to measure quality of service. The findings reveled that approachability, showing interest, and listening were each demonstrated in over 80 percent of sessions, indicating these activities can be demonstrated effectively in a virtual environment. The study also found that questions were correctly answered 84 percent of the time. The study provided valuable insight into how patrons approach and locate information on our Web site and demonstrated a need for additional training, improved site design and navigational aids, and future discussions of staffing alternatives for the IM service.


The 9th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions (PSI) in Controlled Fusion Devices was organized and sponsored by the JET Joint Undertaking, with financial support given by the Commission of the European Communities. The Conference was attended by nearly 200 scientists who presented about 190 papers, including 12 invited papers.


The models considered are an important case of the well known models with orthogonal block structure. In the first section, their structure is presented and considered, using commutative Jordan algebras constituted by symmetrical matrices. Nextly, instances where there are convenient solutions for the estimation of variance components are presented. Then, model crossing is considered, which consists of taking two models and obtaining a new model whose treatments are all the possible combinations of those on the two initial models. Lastly, the nesting of models is considered, in which each treatment of a model nests all the treatments of another model.


[Objective]To investigate the methord of nursing care of patients with cervical fracture-dislocation and spinal cord injuries during the perioperative period.[Method]Fifty-six patients with cervical fracture-dislocation and spinal cord injuries experienced preoperative training,psychology nursing and posture exercise,and postoperative position nursing and founctional exercising.The improvement of spinal cord founction was observed.[Result]All patients were followed up from 6 to 31 months,with an average of 17.6 months.According to JOA scores,the preoperative scores was from 0 to 13,with an average of 7.76 points.The postoperative score was 6-17 with an average of 10.3.The relief rate was 68.5%.Satisfaction rate was 74.1%.[Conclusion]The perioperative nursing is important for preventing and lessening complications,achieving good operative effect and promoting rehabilitation.


The effect of cycling the dilution rate on the plasmid stability and gene expression of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing multiple copies of the plasmid pLG669-z and grown in non-selective medium was determined. Nutrient concentrations in the feed were maintained at constant values. The lower and upper values of the dilution rate were also maintained constant but the cycling periods were varied between 4 and 12 h. Plasmid stability was measured and found to be dependent on the cycling period applied. For dilution rate cycled between 0.1/h and 0.4/h, the plasmid stability was improved with a cycling period of 8 hours. Cycling the growth conditions appears to be a promising means of controlling the stability of multi-copy recombinant plasmids in yeast host systems.


In recent years, hydrogen has emerged as a promising next-generation energy source, offering a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Compact and user-friendly hydrogen generation systems are also required to realize a hydrogen-based society. This paper introduces a novel hydrogen generation system employing sodium borohydride and boric acid as fuel sources. The approach introduced successfully reduces the challenges related to reaction bubbles and water input that hindered efficient hydrogen generation. Furthermore, experimental analysis confirms the effectiveness of the hydrogen reactor and emphasizes its practical significance.


The Rheumatology Journal Club will explore the connection between polymyalgia rheumatic, giant cell arteritis (GCA) and the varicella-zoster virus during its Feb. 25 Twitter chat.


The Large Binocular Telescope Observatory is a collaboration between institutions in Arizona, Germany, Italy, Indiana, Minnesota, Ohio and Virginia. The telescope uses two 8.4-m diameter primary mirrors mounted sideby- side on the same AZ-EL mount to produce a collecting area equivalent to an 11.8-meter aperture. Many science observations collect the light from the two sides separately. With the arrival of the second copy of the near-infrared spectrometer and the second copy of the optical spectrometer, the telescope is observing with both apertures a significant fraction of the time. The light from the two primary mirrors can be combined to produce phased-array imaging of an extended field. This coherent imaging along with adaptive optics gives the telescope the diffraction-limited resolution of a 22.65-meter telescope. Adaptive optics loops are routinely closed with natural stars on both sides of the telescope for combined beam observations. Twin laser guide star constellations have recently been installed for ground layer adaptive optics observations. Commissioning of new instruments and focal stations for high resolution spectroscopy and near-infrared phased-array imaging is underway.


The premise is made that all mechanical forms of transport constitute a nuisance and bring about damage and that an inequitable degree of transport will lead to collective immobility. In four theses the aims for land use planning in relation to transportation are formulated. A reduction in the need for mechanical transport is demanded and of forced travel or else a promotion of voluntary mobility. Similarly there should be a demand for collective transport or, where this is unsuitable, for community transport (e.g. Taxis). Individual transport should become excluded in all but extremely thinly populated areas. The then employed form of energy and its environmental benefit deserves great consideration in these problems. A further aim in land use planning should be the preservation of unpopulated and thinly populated areas by the appropriate configuration of the populated areas. One must understand by this a "small centre" interaction based upon sociologically and functionally different areas of life. By reducing the size of settlement or by raising the density of population it will be possible to forego the use of mechanical transport within each unit. Finally a plea is made for human rights in planning rather than for traffic rights. /TRRL/


onathan Gray's book highlights the potentially powerful interrelations between intertextuality, parody, and television via a case study of The Simpsons. Drawing on scholarship in literary criticism, cultural studies, and media studies, Gray seeks to refute parody's characterization as vacuous formal play and place it alongside its more "rational" generic brethren in the public sphere. Key to this goal is his notion of "critical intertextuality," the process through which televisual texts talk to one another and open space for parody "to reevaluate, ridicule, and teach other genres" (4). Acknowledging the viewer's crucial role in this process, Gray is careful to avoid simplistic accounts of The Simpsons' parodic play as hit or miss, instead focusing on its potential to simultaneously mock and teach in a variety of ways. To that end the book is ideally structured to guide the reader through Gray's theoretical framework and his analyses of both the show and its interpretive communities. In part 1 he traces the history of textual theory and its implications for television. Part 2 examines the three favored targets of The Simpsons' parody—the "domesticom" genre, advertising, and television news—and includes bountiful evidence for Gray's claim that all televisual texts by their nature constantly function intertextually. Part 3, entitled "Talking with The Simpsons," offers excerpts from interviews with Simpsons viewers and underlines parody's power to teach us to engage with texts critically. Gray utilizes The Simpsons to delineate the mechanics of televisual parody and argue for parody's "great power and potential to write back to and even Watching with "The Simpsons": Television, Parody, and Intertextuality


Sixty-two bacterial isolates were collected from clinical specimens of patients suffering from a bacterial infection. These bacterial isolates were obtained from 8 different specimens: urine, pus, sputum, Blood, Pleural fluid, Endotracheal aspirate, the central venous catheter, and a swab from the chest tube. Morphology and common laboratory biochemical tests carried out on the bacterial samples were grown on different isolation media namely: Blood agar, MacConkey agar, nutrient agar and CLED agar media and the biochemical tests are Coagulase, Catalase, Oxidase, Urease, Citrate utilization, Indole, Lysine Decarboxylase, Ornithine Decarboxylase, H2S production and TSI (Triple sugar iron agar test). The results showed that there are three different types of Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Acinetobacter baumannii . The Antibiotics assay was performed by using 12 type of antibiotics using the disc diffusion methods and using the Well diffusion method to measure and record the inhibition zones produced by Nigella Sativa and Lawsonia inermis (Henna) extracts against the obtained Gram-negative bacterial isolates. The antimicrobial activity of Nigella Sativa extract against Klebsiella pneumonia , Acinetobacter baumannii , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has inhibition zones respectively are 14,17 and 11mm with concentration 50mg% only however, Lawsonia inermis extract inhibition zones are [16 mm: 32 mm] with 10, 20, 25, and 50 mg% concentrations for all tested bacterium. The antimicrobial effect of Nigella Sativa nanoparticles was greater than Nigella Sativa extract in the case of Acinetobacter baumannii inhibition zone is 18± 1 mm followed by the effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae with 15± 1 mm diameter and no effect or no clear zone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain.


The research aimed to find out how elastic the production and work-force absorption. Method used in this research was Coob Douglas production function analysis, multiple linear regression, production output elasticity. From data calculation, there could be concluded that work-force elasticity (EL) to production output = -0,51 modal elasticity to production outpu (EK) = 1,25 and broad-land elasticity (Ebroad-land) to production outpu = 0,18, from total EL + EK + Ebroad-land = a + b + c = 0,92 . From the result there could be concluded that a + b + c < 1 which showed decreasing production return to scale. Company Production elasticity resulted in factors percentage influenced production was significant, where work-force elasticty -51%, capital elasticity 125%, and broad-land elasticity was 18%. Keyword : Elastisitas, Produksi dan Tenaga Kerja link terkait : http://skripsi.umm.ac.id/files/disk1/344/jiptummpp-gdl-s1-2009-mhosenhasa-17187-PENDAHUL-N.pdf


This special issue pays tribute to and critically engages with the work of Ken Plummer, the founder of this journal. A distinguished sociologist who taught at the University of Essex for thirty years, Ken died last November, at age 76. We conceived of this issue two years ago, long before we anticipated his untimely death. Answering our call, several scholars offered considerations of the significance of his work.


A strategy to synthesize multilayer hyperbranched–hyperbranched macromolecules with an invariant degree of branching (DB) and a controllable molecular weight (MW) is realized by taking advantages of competing reactions. The invariant DB and tunable MW lead to hyperbranched molecules with controlled sub-nano to nano pores, which have potential applications in supramolecular capsulation, gas storage, separation, and catalysis. Hyperbranched molecules with a low MW are obtained in a one-pot reaction due to the competing reactions between AB2 monomers. For our systems, hyperbranched molecules with much higher yet controlled MW can be achieved by adding additional batches of the same AB2 monomers. When different AB2 monomers with different spacer lengths are fed alternatively, multilayer core–shell hyperbranched macromolecules with a controlled layer thickness or MW are obtained. More importantly, the multilayer hyperbranched–hyperbranched macromolecules show not only tunable MW but also invariant DB. In addition, it is found that the Tg of core–shell hyperbranched molecules is mainly determined by the outermost layer.


complement-fixation tests on 102 sera from syphilis patients, 100 sera from yaws patients, and 60 sera from pinta patients. The results showed crossreactions of the two antigens in treated and untreated cases of yaws and pinta. With regard to the extraction of treponemal antigens, a method developed by Mirdamadi (1962) was described in which he added mercury and crushed glass to a washed, thick suspension of Reiter treponemes in a flask and agitated this on a Kahn shaker for 30 minutes or longer.


The growth of digital imag ing and video (electronic ) imag ing feels more like an explosion in d iagnostic imag ing departments. Our profession faces a significant problem if we do not make our concern s known to those who are selling imag ing equipment. Most of the equipment sold by one vendor cannot d isplay images from anoth er vendor 's equipment , nor can th e different brands easily be made to communicate with each other. This is particularly meaningfu l from the point of view of cost. Vendor X sells an add-on digita l rad iog raphic system for cardiac applications. Because the fluoroscopic image is generated by conventional equipment, it uses " standard " video signals that are displayed on a room TV monitor. After image processing, the signal from vendor X must be displayed on a special TV monitor, because his equipment produces a " nonstandard " signal. Al so, vendor X's TV signal will not be accepted by a standard multifo rmat camera for recording, so a mul tiformat camera from vendor X is needed, at whatever price is asked . If you want to show an interesting 10 sec cardiac series to cardiologists and residents at conference, your conventional U-Matic tape recorder (or VHS or Betamax) will not accept the TV signal provided by vendor X, so the conference must convene in the cardiac catheteri zation laboratory. Vendor Y offers an add-on d igital rad iographic system that can interface to two or th ree rooms of x-ray equipment , providing digital capabilities at a reasonable cost. However, after installing the system, the vendor in fo rms you that unless you purchase a new TV camera for one of the rooms, he cannot interface to that parti cular room because the video signal is " nonstandard ," and his computer will not function with that TV signal. Perhaps you would like to consider a central, d igital storage fac ility in which all of your digital images can be stored on digi tal laser disk so that any computer-based imaging system could have access to all images generated in the department. This would facilitate intermodality comparisions of images fo r diagnost ic pu rposes and allow for a central, high-density digital storage facility, probably obviating digital magnetic tapes while providing for relatively instant access to stored d igital images. However, no two vendors use the same digital information format, and, therefore, the systems are not digitally compatib le. In add ition, one vendor actually uses several dig ital information formats, and his models of equ ipment cannot com municate among themselves! Have we fabricated these scenarios to pred ict potential problems caused by nonstandard TV systems? Defini te ly not! We have had these experiences when implementing digital imaging at our institution. Letters


Tuberculosis (TB) is a scourge for human race for millennia with huge morbidity and mortality. Among the main obstacles to the global control of the disease are the HIV epidemic that has dramatically increased risk for developing active TB, the increasing emergence of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), Extensive drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and the recalcitrance of persistent infections to treatment with conventional anti-TB drugs. Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is a major public health problem that threatens the success of Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS), the WHO-recommended treatment strategy for detection and cure of TB, as well as global tuberculosis control. This made the currently available anti tubercular drugs into less effective and futile tools to control tuberculosis. Not only to radically transform the fight against tuberculosis but also to shortening the current six to eight-month treatment to two months or less. This in turn will improve patient adherence, increase cure rates, and lessen the likelihood of patients developing drug resistance. New drugs are also needed to benefit the growing number of people around the globe who are co-infected with TB and HIV, as well as those who have been exposed to TB but are not yet ill with disease i.e. latent TB.


The minimax approximation to the reduced partition function ratio of isotopic molecules is worked out. The applied approximation is an even power series in hν / kT which is convergent for all values of the argument. Its error function has as many extrema as possible and oscillates with uniform amplitudes of the smallest possible value. The rate of convergence and the utility of the minimax method are discussed through numerical calculations for various polyatomic molecules and the results are compared with those obtained by other approximations.


This study intended to analyze growth competence of Taiwanese IT industry through patterns and examples of strategic partnership for Taiwanese IT...


Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, China, Institute of Life Course andMedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Proteomics Group of Fondazione Ri.MED, Department of Research IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom


Technological progress has been defined as sitting in the middle of a traffic jam whilst the in-car stereo system plays Born Free; a facile comment which encapsulates the concept that each step along the road towards the high-tech society brings not only benefits but also problems. Information technology in clinical medicine is a good example of this process. In theory, information technology opens to the gastroenterologist a brave new world of enhanced awareness, increased efficiency, and golden opportunity. In practice many systems promise the moon, cost the earth, and achieve nothing. This has, until recently, partly been the fault of computer people. The image of the wild eyed unkempt incomprehensible computer enthusiast defending his jargon with almost the same determination as the clinician, was often true in the 60s. Irreparable harm in many instances resulted from the impact of such individuals on unprepared clinicians even while other professions were dealing effectively with the challenge of information technology. In recent years, most information technology workers have observed a profound change in clinicians' attitudes. Whereas 20 years ago clinicians were deeply mistrustful, nowadays many perceive the computer to be a useful (if limited) tool. Others still remain mistrustful, partly because they lack adequate information to answer even the most basic questions about the uses of computers in clinical practice. 'Why now?', and 'what's in it for me?' may not excite great enthusiasm among computer based idealists, but they are perfectly reasonable queries for a clinician to ask. 'Why now?' should be the easiest question to answer; but the answers usually advanced (current financial stringencies, the advent of microcomputers) are wildly simplistic. The real reason why clinicians need computers, now, is more fundamental. In the past few decades, in gastroenterology as in many other areas, the information explosion has been of such magnitude as to render totally inappropriate traditional methods of assimilating information and handling it. The clinical world has simply become so complex that we can no longer expect to retain all of the information necessary to function effectively within it. (Fortunately, we don't have to because as long as we can access the necessary information, we no longer have the tedious chore of retaining it ourselves.) 'What's in it for the gastroenterologist?' is another question which sounds simple, but often produces answers which confuse rather than clarify the situation. Over the last two decades a bewildering array of tasks have been suggested for the computer. Computers can perform effectively two tasks in clinical medicine. First, they can help with the organisation of medical care at an administrative level (paying wages, organising stock control and so on). This computers do very well indeed. Other organisations now find them indispensible. Unfortunately, though understandably, such usage is to most clinicians extremely humdrum. Computers can also aid the doctor dealing with an individual patient. Here computers are less good, and until recently, very few systems emerged


Foreword Frank B. Golley Preface Monica Hale 1. The role of ecology in education in schools in Britain Monica Hale and Jackie Hardie 3. Environmental education in the primary school science curriculum in Uganda Christopher Acar 4. The place of ecology in adult education Peter A. Thomas 5. New opportunities for ecology education in the United States Alan R. Berkowitz 6. Ecology education and field studies: historical trends and some present-day influences in Britain Stephen Tilling 7. Field studies as a technique for environmental education in developed and developing nations Walter D. S. Leal Filho 8. Learning about ecology through contact with vegetation Margarete R. Harvey 9. Learning through landscapes Eileen Adams 10. Ecology and environmental education in the urban environment Monica Hale 11. Ecological concepts as a basis to environmental education in Indonesia Mohamad Soerjani 12. The present status of environmental education in Japan Masahito Yoshida 13. Ecological studies between schools in Europe and Scandinavia: the benefits to the curriculum of working across national boundaries David Shirley 14. Creating a climate for conservation in West Africa Ken Smith Index.


RAID is a storing technology that is very often used in nowadays systems and in general this storing volume provides more data security, availability and performance to the existing system. Being an important component of the system, the data storage volume and its performance affect directly the performance of the entire system. This is the motivation why it is convenient for us to improve as much as it is possible the weaknesses of the RAID volume. We are focused on data redistribution problem which is necessary to be performed after adding disks to the volume. In this paper we will review some algorithms and in particular we will discuss FastScale approach, which resulted in satisfactory values of data redistribution time when it was applied on RAID-0. Our proposal is a short algorithm that interacts with FastScale and adjusts it for RAID-5 volumes. The main structure of FastScale is not changed and this gives us reason to anticipate lower redistribution time and higher performance in RAID-5 volumes, as happens in RAID-0.


Distance learning requires students to have different skills than face-to-face learning. The learning environment and the interaction with the teacher and other students are different. Distance learning typically gives students flexibility, such as in terms of their study schedules. For these reasons, in distance learning, it is important for students to be able to independently study, do tasks, and manage their own time. Distance learning also requires increased self-motivation. For this research, master's-level computer science students took the Fisher self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) test to assess their level of self-direction. The results show that the level of student self-direction in the adult distance learning program is very high. The study examined student performance in distance learning courses in relation to SDLR scores. SDLR scores were not found to correlate with academic achievement when success was examined in terms of grades and course completion. The only difference between the different performers was found in the subscale of self-management, which includes time management, systematic thinking, and the ability to take responsibility for the progress of one's own learning. Although the difference was not statistically significant, the results suggest that factors related to time and daily life management could have an impact on learning outcomes, However, they alone do not explain learning outcomes, and other factors may also be involved.


Fish mortalities in the River Nidelva, South Norway in 1978, were suspected to be caused by Gas Bubble Disease. In June 1980, the hydrological situation occumng in the Nidelva in 1978 was reconstructed, and the effects were analysed by keeping fish in cages. Examination of the dead fish showed that most were killed by Gas Bubble Disease. The results also showed that brown trout, Salmo trutta, was the least tolerant, and eel, Anguilla anguih, was the most tolerant to dissolved gas supersaturation. Only fish kept near the surface were killed while fish kept at 3 m depth were mildly affected due to hydrostatic pressure compensation. In contrast to the situation in 1978, few of the wild fish were killed during the experiment in 1980.


The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment of large choroidal melanomas (CM) using the brachytherapy (BT) with ruthenium-106 and endovitreal surgery. The study included 59 patients (59 eyes) with CM height of a tumor more than 6 mm and a maximal base diameter (MBD) of a tumor no more than 16.5 mm. The average height of CM before BT was 7.5 ± 1.2 mm, the average MBD was 12.0 ± 2.3 mm. Out of 59 patients, 31 (53%) patients after BT received endovitreal intervention (EI) with endoresection (ER) of the residual tumor (group BT + ER), and the remaining 28 (47%) patients after BT underwent EI without removal of the residual tumor (group BT + EI). The mean follow-up was 55.9 ± 33.0 months. Continued tumor growth after BT was observed in 9 (15%) cases. Secondary enucleation of the eye was performed in 2 (3%) patients. The development of metastases CM occurred in two cases - 3%. Negative results of the proposed method of treating large CM occurred in 5 cases: in one, the subatrophy of the eye developed as a result of total traction retinal detachment, in two - enucleation was performed for the subatrophy of the eye without signs of active MX, in two - distant metastases were noted.


Material degradation is usually preceded by some kind of nonlinear mechanical behavior.When a single sinusoidal ultrasonic wave is launched to a nonlinear medium,the wave will be distorted as it propagates,so higher harmonics will be generated.The paper studies the measurement method of nonlinear parameters and signal processing algorithms with pulse-inversion technique,and develops a robust experimental system.There is linear relationship between amplitudes of the second-harmonic waves and the squared fundamental waves as a function of increasing input voltage amplitude,the experimental system is reliable.Using this method,ultrasonic nonlinear parameters of a group of LY12 aluminum samples fatigued are measured.The experimental results show that the acoustic nonlinear parameter can characterize the fatigue degree of LY12 aluminum,the pulse-inversion technique is very efficient in extracting the second-harmonic amplitude by canceling out the odd harmonics which are mainly due to the instrumentation.This technique can provide a practical way in the nondestructive characterization of material and structure degradation in early fatigue life.


In this paper, we aimed at the requirement of the medical record management and brought forward a method which transformed the medical record information from the old system to the new system. The method was efficacious and referrrible.


The effects of midspan discrete vortex injection on the performance of a rectangular wing model were studied in a wind tunnel. Based on this preliminary study, discrete vortex injection, while affecting the wing lift and drag, does not degrade its overall performance to any significant degree. This is particularly so in the high-angle-of-attack range where use of vortex injection for wake turbulence alleviation had been proposed. The investigation confirms and expands previously reported, computationally determined results. This study was of a limited scope; additional aspects of discrete vortex injection warrant investigation.


Abstract : The Baranger model is used to compute collisional broadening and shift of the D1 and D2 spectral lines of M + Ng, where M = K, Rb, Cs and Ng = He, Ne, Ar, using scattering phase shift differences which are calculated from scattering matrix elements. Scattering matrix elements are calculated using the Channel Packet Method where the collisions are treated non-adiabatically and include spin-orbit and Coriolis couplings. Non-adiabatic wavepacket dynamics are determined using the split-operator method together with a unitary transformation between adiabatic and diabatic representations. Scattering phase shift differences are thermally weighted and integrated over energies ranging from E = 0 Hartree up to E = 0.0075 Hartree and averaged over values of total angular momentum that range from J = 0.5 up to J = 400.5. Phase shifts are extrapolated linearly to provide an approximate extension of the energy regime up to E = 0.012 Hartree. Broadening and shift coefficients are obtained for temperatures ranging from T = 100 K up to T = 800 K and compared with experiment. Predictions from this research find application in laser physics and specifically with improvement of total power output of Optically Pumped Alkali Laser systems.


Elective surgery waiting lists have long been a sensitive political issue.1 Reducing the increased backlog and waiting times caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemicrelated restrictions on elective surgery will be a major health priority during the next three to five years. Delaying emergency surgery is one approach used to prioritise elective surgery, but focusing on elective surgery rates may result in delayed theatre access for emergency operations,2,3 compromising emergency surgery outcomes and prolonging hospital stays and consequently increasing costs.


In recent decades there has been a major growth in the application of fundamental particle fracture data to modeling and simulation of industrial comminution processes. Among the devices used in assessing the mechanical response of particles is the impact load cell. It is a hybrid between the drop weight apparatus and the split Hopkinson pressure bar, which allows measurement of the force-deformation response from the impact of single particles and particle beds. Impact load cells with different diameters have been designed and installed at COPPE/UFRJ, so that it is now possible to measure fracture characteristics of particles within a wide range of sizes and input energies. This first part of the paper describes the operation and calibration of the device, carried out from principles of the longitudinal wave propagation theory and the Hertz theory of contacts.


We present a new Machine Translation (MT) evaluation metric, SEPIA. SEPIA falls within the class of syntactically-aware evaluation metrics, which have been getting a lot of attention recently (Liu and Gildea, 2005; Owczarzak et al., 2007; Giménez and Màrquez, 2007). Specifically, S EPIA uses dependency representation but extends it to include surface span as a factor in the evaluation score. The dependency surface span is the surface distance between two words that are in a direct relationship in a dependency tree. The basic idea behind S EPIA is that long-distance dependencies should receive a greater weight in MT evaluation metrics than shortdistance dependencies. This is because we suspect that having more long-distance matches indicates a higher degree of grammaticality. In the rest of this document we describe the S EPIA metric and its variants, and the publicly available S EPIA package.


Some oscillation criteria are given for the second order matrix differential system Y" + Q(t)Y = 0, where Y and Q are n x n real continuous matrix functions with Q(t) symmetric, t E [to, cc). These results improve oscillation criteria recently discovered by Erbe, Kong and Ruan by using a generalized Riccati transformation V(t) = a(t){Y'(t)Y-1(t) + f(t)I}, where I is the n x n identity matrix, f E C1 is a given function on [to, oo) and a(t) = exp{-2 f t f (s) ds}. Consider the second order linear differential system (1) Y" + Q(t)Y = O, t C [tooo), where Y and Q are n x n real continuous matrix functions with Q(t) symmetric. A solution Y(t) of (1) is said to be a nontrivial solution if det Y(t) :$ 0 for at least one t E [to, oo), and a nontrivial solution Y(t) of (1) is said to be prepared if (2) Y*(t)YI(t) (y*(t))Iy(t) 0_ , t E [tooo), where for any matrix A, the transpose of A is denoted by A*. System (1) is said to be oscillatory on [to, oo) in case the determinant of every nontrivial prepared solution vanishes on [T, oo) for each T > to. For matrix system (1), many authors have given some important simple oscillation criteria (see [1], [2], [3], [6]). We particularly mention the results of Erbe, Kong and Ruan [3] who proved the following theorem. Erbe, Kong and Ruan's Theorem. Let H(t, s) and h(t, s) be continuous on D = {(t,s): t > s > to} such that H(t,t) 0 0 for t > to and H(t,s) > 0 for t > s > to. We assume further that the partial derivative &H(t, s) = Hs(t, s) is nonpositive and continuous for t > s > to and h(t, s) is defined by Hs(t, s) = -h(t, s)[H(t, s)]1/2, (t, s) E D. Finally, we assume that 3) lo sup A1 [Jt (H(t's)Q(s)h2(ts)I) dsl o (3) sup H(tj to) A1 k0 ,)%S 4 ' =0, Received by the editors May 25, 1996. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 34C10.


The localization of receptors for the Fc part of IgG (Fc gamma R) and for the complement C3b/C4b components (CR1) on human peripheral nerve fibres was investigated by indirect immunoperoxidase staining of frozen nerve sections with monoclonal antibodies. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Fc gamma R and CR1 are localized to the entire surface membrane and inner membrane (axolemma) of the Schwann cell. Myelin and axons were not stained. The presence of Fc gamma R and CR1 in human Schwann cells adds further evidence for the immunocompetence of these cells.


During the last decades, several countries worldwide have introduced financial management reforms as an important part of the New Public Management (NPM) initiative at one or more levels of government sector, by replacing or transforming their traditional budgetary cash accounting systems towards business-like accrual accounting. Following the example of this upcoming managerial trend, the Greek government introduced in 1997 an accrual based accounting system (ABAS) and double-entry book-keeping method in all public hospitals. The hospital sector is one of the areas where NPM reforms have been introduced in search of higher efficiency in service production. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Our first goal is to provide an overview of the government sector reform initiatives in Greece and to present evidence regarding the adoption rate of the new accounting system by the Greek public health sector. The second goal of our research is to present the perceived usefulness of the accounting information provided by the proposed accounting reform as well as the implementation problems encountered in implementing ABAS. Our analysis is based on the results of an empirical survey that took place during 2008. For the purposes of this survey, a structured questionnaire was prepared and sent to the Finance Directors of 132 Greek public hospitals.


This paper addresses the problem of the stabilization of composite mode electromechanical oscillations of generators. A Hybrid PSS of the two-level structure including of a local PSS and a global PSS is introduced. Time-scale decomposition is applied to the decoupling of the local and global stabilization problems, where determination of the global (inter area) control law is based on slow-coherency aggregation. Composite mode electromechanical rotor oscillations are observed, in practice, with weakly interconnected power systems. These oscillations are characterized by local and inter-area modes. In certain cases of operating conditions and/or network topology, the damping of these oscillatory modes may be negligible or even negative. The existing approaches to the stabilization of power system are basically in decentralized way, and the objective of the stability measures are largely concentrated on the damping improvement of local modes by means of a power system stabilizer (PSS), using only the local information. However, for those systems with poorly or negatively damped inter-area modes, applications of the locally tuned PSS cannot bring a total stabilization to the system, and the inter-area oscillations remain unaffected or possibly building-up to excessive margins. In this paper we have introduced the idea of the Hybrid PSS which is of a two-level control structure with local and global inputs, as in Fig. 1. The desired supplementary control signal for composite mode oscillations is obtained by a weighted combination of the local and global (inter-area) stabilization signals.


Histological incontinence of pigment (HIP) was studied using light and electron microscopy in a pigmented lesion from a female facial melanosis (FFM) patient and in another lesion produced by isoeugenol when the patient was patch tested. The following sequence of events is thought to underlie HIP. Phagocytes invade the epidermis and phagocytize melanosomes either in keratinocytes or in cytoid bodies, which are degenerated keratinocytes. These phagocytes then return to the dermis through gaps in the basal lamina.


This paper provides the overview of the current PASCN studies on competition policies. The concepts set forth are not meant to be novel, as indeed, the economic grounds for competition policies and the major factors affecting barriers to entry have long been well established. Rather, this paper merely aims to clarify the issues in competition policy and identify the elements of a rational competition policy for the Philippines. As such, the paper suggests four major elements. First, there should be an effective anti-trust law of general application that would prevent restrictive business practices that results in abuse of dominant position, but at the same time allow for limitation in competition on grounds of efficiency (arising from market failures discussed in the paper) or clear public interests. It should also have adequate provisions for due process. The second element is the review of govemment regulations and policies with significant impact on competition. Third is advocacy for competition policy to facilitate and implement the necessary reforms. And the fourth element is information and education campaign. With such a comprehensive competition policy framework, the major issue is whether or not to create a central competition body, especially considering the severe lack of capable manpower and institutions. Nonetheless, given the huge benefits that could be derived from a working competition policy, the govemment should actively seek ways to bring about its development. The paper suggests that its judicial application could perhaps focus on a specific provision or action at a time. For example, it could concentrate its initial efforts on one particular industry well known for anti-competitive practices. This would provide valuable demonstration effects as well as a much needed experience and jurisprudence.


Objective:To study the clinical experiences of the minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) treatment on renal calculi under local anesthesia.Methods:There were 34 patients suffered with 46 lateral renal calculi treated by MPCNL. The channel was created under local anesthesia and ultrasound guidance. The calculus was crushed into pieces via the channel by Holmium:YAG laser.Results:All of the cases were received the MPCNL via single channel under local anesthesia. The processes performed were 1 times in 14 lateral, 2 times in 26 lateral, and 3 times in 6 lateral renal. The percutaneous nephro-puncture was performed 2 times in 9 lateral renal. The total stone clearance amounted to 80.43 (37/46 lateral). The operation duration was 1.7-4.5h, averaged to 3.3h. No serious complications were observed.Conclusions:These results suggested that the MPCNL with Holmium:YAG laser was an ideal and effective treatment on renal calculi. It can be well done under local anesthesia.


The present study explored the influence of interest on reading comprehension in English as a Foreign Language Students (EFL). Another of this study's concerns was whether individual interest, which is optimal for learning but difficult to control in classroom settings, might be increased by use of situational and topic interest, which are less favorable to learning but more controllable by teachers. A third focus concerned the validity of defining topic interest by text title versus text contents. Results indicated that high interest did not result in improved reading comprehension. Participant reports of individual interest in a topic increased significantly upon reading a text whose contents were endowed with interesting but unrelated elements. The difference between evaluation of topic interest before and after reading a text was found to be significant as well, suggesting that topic interest might be most accurately evaluated by response to text instead of less informative text titles.


The water usage and waste loads were determined for ten unit operations in a modern poultry processing plant in Alexandria, Egypt. Concentrations of 10 wastewater parameters and 9 heavy metals, identification of 12 bacteria and enumeration of both total aerobic and coliform bacteria in the wastewater from these unit operations were determined to evaluate the potential for water reuse. In the scalder, washer and chillers, bacterial counts in the water and on the carcasses were directly related and increased with the length of water usage. Based on the study, countercurrent water use through the chillers and washer was planned after applying renovation measures for grease and bacterial reductions. Compressor cooling water quality was satisfactory for reuse in the scalder.


Metal implants are used worldwide, with millions of metal nails, plates and fixtures grafted during orthopaedic surgeries. Iron is the most common element of these metal implants. As time passes metal elements can be corroded and iron can be released from the implants in the form of ferric (Fe3+) or ferrous (Fe2+). These iron ions can permeate the surrounding tissues and enter circulation; importantly both Fe3+ and Fe2+ freely pass blood brain barrier (BBB). Can iron from implants represent a risk factor for neurological diseases? This remains an unanswered question. In this study, we discovered that the probability of metal implants delivered through orthopaedic surgeries was higher in patients of Parkinson's diseases (PD) or ischemic stroke than in healthy subjects. This finding instigated subsequent study of iron effects on neuronal cells. In experiments in vivo, we found that iron selectively decreased presence of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in neurones through increasing the expression of Ndfip1, which degrades DMT1 and rarely exists in glial cells. At the same time iron accumulation increased expression of DMT1 in astrocytes and microglial cells and triggered reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation. Facing the attack of excess iron, glial cells act as neuroprotectors to uptake more extracellular iron by up-regulating DMT1, whereas neurones limit iron uptake through decreasing DMT1 operation. Cerebral accumulation of iron was associated with impaired cognition, locomotion and mood. Excess iron thus affects neural cells and could increase the risk of neurodegeneration.


When traditional infrared spectroscopy technology is used for the measurement and quantitative analysis of fluid, due to the complex band composition of the infrared spectrum, weak absorption intensity and spectral signal, the measurement can easily be disturbed, thus increasing the error. This makes it difficult to achieve the requirements for the accurate analysis of fluids. To solve this problem, this paper uses self-developed experimental apparatus and, using water-based drilling fluid and diesel oil, proposes a new method for quantitative research of two-component proportional fluids based on hybrid dilated convolution-pyramid self-attention modules (HDC-PSAMs). A large number of experiments are carried out on water-based drilling fluids, diesel and water mixtures, and a large number of spectral experimental data are preprocessed using moving window smoothing and normalization methods. HDC and PSAMs are used to extract effective features, and are combined with a partial least squares algorithm to model fluid mixtures to achieve quantification of the fluid mixtures. The experimental results show that this method can reduce the influence of disturbance during measurement, has higher accuracy and stability, and effectively improves the measurement accuracy of infrared spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of fluids. This method also provides strong technical support for the analysis of other fluids and the measurement of fluid mixtures using infrared spectroscopy technology.


Background: Odontogenic and nonodontogenic sources exist in mandibular lesions, with varying degrees of destructive potential. benign cystic lesions include periapical (radicular) cysts, follicular (dentigerous) cysts, and odontogenic keratocysts.
Methods: The study was conducted in the department of radiodiagnosis, krishna institute of medical sciences, karad.The CT scans were done on the advice of the referring doctor and no patient was made to undergo ct for the sole purpose of this study.
Results: Few of the representative cases have been discussed in detail along with their representative images.
Conclusions: CT is considerably superior than traditional radiography of the mandible in every way except cost in making a clear diagnosis, rating it, and subsequently guiding treatment decisions. The availability of several planes in ct aids in the diagnosis of mandible lesions with greater accuracy. When imaging findings along with clinical history and age of the patient along with characteristics of the lesion (i.e., location etc.) ct able to narrow down the list of differentials and is able to give good enough diagnosis.


Binka Aji Wibowo, Saiful Manan , in paper use PMT coupling as load transfer in Sayung District Substation, Demak explain that to meet the reliability of the distribution system , it is necessary to do a continuity in the distribution of electrical energy. There are various causes of outages ranging from maintenance to interference. To resolved these problems, there are several solutions that can be done, such as transfer transformer load through PMT coupling. This can be done by connecting the two busbars by using a PMT. In operation the PMT coupling need to do prior preparation, among others, the daily load calculations. It is intended to carry transformer load does not exceed setting value. Keywords : PMT coupling, Busbar, Transformer.


ABSTRACT Australian planning authorities have struggled to develop more compact cities for decades, yet empirical explanations for this policy challenge are lacking. This is critical to inform future sustainable planning efforts. In response, we correlate 20 years of change in greater Brisbane's activity centres against factors related to land use regulations, transport accessibility, property characteristics, and socio-economic status. We find activity centre implementation is most strongly associated with property-based factors and that land use regulations have the weakest relationship. Policymakers should therefore pursue alternative strategies that do not rely on planning mechanisms geared primarily towards creating a market for development.


The Golden Fantasy: A Regressive Reaction to Separation Anxiety Sydney Smith The analysis of fantasy is a prominent aspect of the work of psychoanalytic treatment. For historical reasons dream interpretation has received the lion's share of our professional interest in fantasy, but every analyst is aware that daydreams, reveries, conscious imagery and flights of fancy can provide significant grist for the treatment mill. The expectation is that bringing into focus the unanalysed meanings, the wishful musings embedded in fantasies of whatever nature will further strengthen the ego's hold on reality. But in the course of analysis with many patients a specific hidden fantasy eventually unfolds which not only has a fixed content noteworthy for its similarity from patient to patient, but which becomes the basis of a significant resistance to treatment. The fantasy is a simple and familiar one: it is the wish to have all of one's needs met in a relationship hallowed by perfection. Two invariable features of this fantasy make it a thing apart both in its effect upon the patient's life and in its influence on the analysis. The first aspect has to do with the patient's position in respect to the fantasy: it is always passive, always tied to the conviction that somewhere in that great, unbounded expanse called the world is a person capable of fully meeting one's needs. The wish is to be cared for so completely that no demand will be made on the patient except his capacity for passively taking in. The second aspect, a corollary of the first, is the subjective experience of the patient that this fantasy touches on the deepest issues of one's life and that indeed one's very survival may depend upon its preservation. To maintain the fantasy intact, to search endlessly for its fulfilment in every relationship becomes the patient's raison d'etre. To give up the fantasy is to give up everything, to lose the primary source of comfort (the idealized object), even one's sense of meaning. It is as if the fantasy provided a self-definition: without it there is no existence and the world becomes a place without hope. One can sense the black and white, all-or-nothing quality of this formula, as if on the other side of the ideal there lurked some horror. If one cannot maintain what is good, then one is left only with what is bad; the danger is that the ideal object can become a persecutory one. The first appearance of the fantasy is likely to occur within the transference when the patient—usually with considerable affect—reveals his high expectations of the analyst. While it is true that most works on psychoanalytic technique point to what the patient expects to 'get' from the analyst in the way of love, what has not been conveyed in these accounts is the fact that lying behind this wish is a highly developed, intransigent life-influencing fantasy that may be revealed only piece-by-piece. To allow the fantasy to be seen in its entirety, even assuming it were totally available to consciousness, may require an act of faith in the analysis not easily attained, since typically the patient views the fantasy as an area of vulnerability, expecting it to come under attack as ridiculous or unrealistic. The patient may be intellectually aware of the presence and meaning of the fantasy, but this fact in no way influences its hold on his life, for to give it up is to open oneself to what may seem a destructive world. Implicit in the fantasy is the notion that such a blissful state was at one time actual but now has been lost. Perhaps it is just such experiences that represent the anlage for the notion of Paradise. Is it possible that 'the Fall', if it is a metaphor referring to the loss of the oceanic pleasures of infancy, represents nothing more than a developmental stage in us all, namely separation from the all-giving mother is that eviction from Paradise that sets off—at least in


Architectural designers, engineering designers, and instructional designers engage in the design process when developing new products. In the area of design, an accomplished designer must possess a high degree of expertise in order to design and produce quality products. Previous research has demonstrated that much of the empirical research in design not only ignores expertise but has actually been carried out by studying novice designers. An expert designer is someone recognised to be a reliable source of knowledge who has demonstrated proven abilities, skills, and judgment in a given discipline or field. Understanding these characteristics is the key to opening the door to new knowledge in the design process. This study examines criteria that elevate a designer to a level of expertise and offers a model to assist in the identification of a design expert.


We put forward a method for optimized distillation of partly entangled pairs of qubits into a smaller number of more entangled pairs by recurrent local unitary operations and projections. Optimized distillation is achieved by minimization of a cost function with up to 30 real parameters, which is chosen to be sensitive to the fidelity and the projection probability at each step. We show that in many cases this approach can significantly improve the distillation efficiency in comparison to the present methods.


The effects of the interactions of metal ions with lipoic acid-capped Ag and Au nanoparticles have been studied by the combined use of electronic absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Three types of effects that are dependent on the metal ion concentration can be distinguished. First, in the dilute regime, there is reversible chelation of the metal ions, causing a marked dampening of the plasmon resonance band of the nanoparticles, but there is no aggregation. The magnitude of plasmon dampening depends on the nature as well as the concentration of the metal ions. In the intermediate concentration regime, aggregation occurs, but in the high concentration regime, there is precipitation. These different regimes are clearly evidenced in the changes in the electronic spectra and in the electron micrographs.


Electret filters are electrostatically charged nonwovens which are commonly used in aerosol filtration to remove fine particles from gases. It is known that the charge and thus also the filtration efficiency can degrade over time. Thus, many testing standards require to remove the charge by treatment with liquid isopropanol (IPA) or IPA-saturated air. However, the parameters influencing this discharge have not been completely clarified yet. The aim of this work was, on the one hand, to experimentally investigate the influence of the IPA treatment on different electret filters and, on the other hand, to show the optimization potential of electret filters with respect to efficiency and long-term stability by numerical simulations. The experiments revealed that the air permeability is a central influencing parameter. Small pores lead to a reduced discharge efficiency using liquid IPA, while both treatment methods are suitable for larger pores. The simulations showed that a homogeneous charge distribution within the filter depth is advantageous for the initial performance. In contrast, charge penetrating deeper in the filter medium delays the charge decay and thus increases the operating time, with the trade-off of a lower initial performance.


Objective To export medical insurance expense invoice file based on HIS in order to eliminate the problems by manual operation.Methods Power Builder was used to develop the provincial medical insurance expense invoice export system.Results The system had the working flow simplified,the cost decreased and the efficiency enhanced.Conclusion The system presented is easy to operate and applicable to all the hospitals involved in No.1 Military Medical Project.


Abstract
Inbred strains of mice were found to differ markedly in both susceptibility to the spontaneous development of malignant alveologenic lung tumours and the ease with which these tumours could be induced with chemical carcinogens administered to adult animals. Malignant lung tumours occurred in normal strain A mice but were very rare in normal C3Hf, DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice or in these mice treated as adults with the carcinogen 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea (ENU). Malignant tumours could, however, be induced in C3Hf mice exposed prenatally to ENU. Two transplacentally induced malignant lung tumours of C3Hf mice failed to grow when transplanted to normal C3Hf recipients but did grow progressively when transplanted into either (C3Hf × A) F1 hybrid or C3H recipients. The tumours grew progressively in sublethally x-irradiated but otherwise untreated C3Hf mice. Immunization of C3Hf mice with either of the lung tumours, or with normal lung tissue of either A or C3H mice, induced a degree of radioresistant immunity such that tumour cells inoculated into immunized, sublethally x-irradiated mice, failed to grow progressively. Radioresistant immunity was not induced when C3Hf mice were immunized with lung tissue of DBA/2 or C57BL/6 mice. Lymphoid cells of (C3Hf × A) F1 and C3H mice bearing transplanted C3Hf lung tumour reacted against cultured lung tumour cells in the microcytotoxicity assay. Reactivity was also observed against cells cultured from normal lungs of C3H and (C3Hf × A) F1 mice but not against cells cultured from normal lungs of C3Hf or C57BL/6 mice. These results were interpreted to indicate that transplacentally induced malignant lung tumours of C3Hf mice express an antigenic component which exists as a normal tissue alloantigen, present in A and C3H but not in C3Hf, DBA/2 or C57BL/6 mice. It was suggested that the normal expression of the alloantigen in A mice may contribute to the susceptibility of these mice to the spontaneous development of lung tumours. The observation that a tumour bearing host has lymphoid cells reactive in the microcytotoxicity assay against tumour cells does not necessarily indicate that the tumour possesses a tumour specific antigen for in genetically susceptible tumour bearing hosts, the reaction may be directed against a self-antigen.


Construction of earthen dams has developed quickly to access water and electricity. The earthquake phenomena can generate cracks at the crest, and transferred them to the structural body. It has occurred during the interaction between structure and reservoir. In this context, some reinforcement techniques have experienced according to the literature. They have included a perpendicular drain, prefabricated vertical drain, Geosynthetic in some layers within the structure, Pile, injection and cut off wall system on the dam foundation. Most of them controlled this aspect costly. The Finite-element method has applied via plane strain aspect using the ANSYS13. This paper evaluated effects of using blanket layer between a short homogenized earthen dam and weak foundation on the dynamic behavior throughout the seismic process. As a result, clay soil in the blanket layer with a modulus elasticity ratio equal to 2.50 between it, and loose sand of foundation has indicated the optimal approach. It has revealed that, this method can be changed the situation of the minimum and maximum value of shear stress when it has located in the middle of the foundation without the blanket layer at the end of vibration.


Abstract The one-dimensional equation for dispersion of sail in a well-mixed estuary is analyzed to obtain an estimate of the departure from the quasi-steady distribution of the tidally averaged salinity in the case of a gradually varying fresh water discharge. A time scale for the adaptation of the salinity to a new situation is defined, and is found to be less than the time a fictitious particle travelling with the fresh water velocity would need to traverse the estuary.


The use of a mixed phosphite/N-heterocyclic carbene bearing ruthenium precursor permits the synthesis and characterisation of unprecedented four-coordinate Ru(II) and Ru(III) cationic complexes adopting an unusual sawhorse structure. The cationic Ru(II) complex performs very effectively on challenging substrates at high temperature in very short reaction times and low catalyst loadings.


Most Schulz experts assume that while working on The Booke of Idolatry, he did not start writing fiction yet. It has been generally believed that his literary talent surfaced rather late, although Jerzy Ficowski thought that Schulz might have tried writing some time earlier. In the critic's opinion, the beginning of Schulz's literary talent dated back to his correspondence with close friends in 1925–1926, but since all letters from that period have been lost there is no way to validate that claim. Jerzy Jarzębski supposes that Schulz's fiction came into being rapidly, at once fully mature and perfect. Władysław Panas also points at Schulz's magisterial literary debut, The Cinnamon Shops, when the author was already about forty years old. And yet, the present essay puts those hypotheses to test. Having searched the holdings of the Vasyl Stefanyk National Academic Library in Lviv, Ms. Khomych has demonstrated that Schulz made his debut in the early 1920s almost simultaneously in two fields: in art, with a one man show in the town of Boryslaw in 1921, which has been commonly known, and in literature in 1922. Ms Khomych discovered in the 25–26 no. (January 15, 1922) of the bi-weekly Świt, sponsored by the oil officials of Boryslaw, a short story titled "Undula," signed with a penname "Marceli Weron." A critical analysis of this story demonstrates a number of affinities both with Schulz's art, and with his later fiction. The name of the title character, Undula, is the same as that of the main figure of the graphic works included in The Booke of Idolatry. Other similarities include masochistic eroticism and some characters and motifs typical of Schulz's later stories: a child, a dream, a chambermaid named Adela, the Demiurge, a crab, and a cockroach. Moreover, the stylistic and lexical features of the text leave no doubt that Schulz must have been its author. Imitation by anyone is impossible since in the early 1920s none of his other literary works was available in print. Thus, one may assume that "Marceli Weron" was Schulz's penname and "Undula" was his proper literary debut.


During the euro area (EA) sovereign debt crisis, lenders in financial markets raised default risk premiums on sovereign bonds issued by countries that were then considered too risky. Among some of these countries (especially Greece), fiscal policy had not been implemented according to good practices. In particular, the lack of fiscal discipline stemmed from pro-cyclical public spending. The (over-) reaction of financial markets translated into a sharp increase in the level of long-term interest rates in crisis-hit countries. Consequently, these countries were confronted with severe difficulties in trying to reduce public indebtedness. Moreover, the cost of borrowing for the private sector increased. In this article, we study the effects of asymmetric shocks causing a rise in the sovereign risk premium of one country of a monetary union. We analyze their effects on the domestic country (the one hit by the shock) and the spillovers on the rest of the union (RoU). To do so, we build an open monetary union DSGE model in which member countries are different from one another with regard to the degree of fiscal discipline (pro-cyclical versus counter-cyclical fiscal behaviour). We show that such a model is suitable to explain the mechanisms underlying divergent macroeconomic performance across EA countries after the Greek sovereign debt crisis.


The standards for the type approval of photovoltaic modules (IEC 61215/61646) contain various tests inducing mechanical loads. Stress from snow, among other factors, is also simulated here. To pass the tests, the modules must withstand a uniform test stress of 2400 N/m2, and even 5400 N/m2 in cases of higher snow load classes. Contrary to the most common and realistic inclined installations, however, these tests are performed on the horizontal plane. In recent years it has become increasingly clear that this test standard is insufficient with respect to the actual snow loads. Inclined installations on roofs, for example, lead to an uneven distribution of the normal force on the top of the module as well as to a transverse force along the direction of the underlying module edge. The additional uneven accumulation of snow has already led in many documented cases to destruction of the bottom frame edge and therefore of the glass of the modules.


A novel air-filled substrate-integrated-waveguide (AFSIW) cavity-backed slot antenna is proposed, which operates within the 3.30-3.70 GHz frequency band, covering several LTE bands, and whose transmit power is supplied by a single optical fiber. In the adopted optical feeding scheme, a laser with a wavelength equal to 0.85 μm is directly modulated by the signal to be transmitted wirelessly. The signal power is contained within the 3.30-3.70 GHz frequency band. The resulting optical signal is guided by a multi-mode optical fiber toward a highspeed photodetector, integrated on the AFSIW antenna. Consequently, the proposed antenna acts as the downlink remote-radio-head (RRH) in an analog radio-over-fiber (RoF) [1] or fiber-to-the-antenna (FTTA) [2] scheme.


The economic injury level of plateau pika(Ochtona curzoniae) and its control index were studied in the alpine meadow and alpine steppe of Dacha village in Sunan County from 2007 to 2008.The population of plateau pika was positively correlated with the reduction of prairie grass production(aboveground biomass) and the economic losses with the correlation coefficient(r)=0.976 5.The linear regression equation between the number of plateau pika's effective holes(X) and grass production reduction(M) was M=-16.960 3+0.918 0X.The control costs per unit area were 25.05 yuan/hm2 when Clostridium botulinum type C was used for biological control in this area of 1 330 hm2.It was confirmed that the economic injury level of plateau pika was 130 effective holes/hm2 and the allowed economic loss ratio was calculated as 11.2%.the actual density of plateau pika was 510 effective holes/hm2 and the economic loss ratio was up to 32.9% in the research area.


: We clarify the effect of volcanic activity on the succession of woody vegetation and growth environment, and water infiltration rate on the northern flank of Sakurajima Volcano, Japan. We made survey quadrants at slope distances 2.1 km, 2.3 km, 2.8 km, 3.3 km and 3.6 km from the Minami-dake crater of the volcano and conducted field investigations. The number of trees and tree species, breast height cross-sectional area, Fisher-Williams index of diversity, forest soil thickness, and water infiltration rate all increased with distance from Minami-dake. However, thickness of the volcanic ash layer deposited since the 1914 Taisho eruption and pH of the forest soil surface layer decreased with distance. Because of long-term volcanic activity, woody vegetation in the survey quadrants was poor-er than the climax forest. Moreover, the rate of succession of that vegetation, water infiltration rate, and forest soil development were much slower than those of the climax forest.


In a system characterized by economic relations and by technology, knowledge is, on the one hand, a fundamental and non-pervading resource but, on the other hand, it is so much taken for granted that it is not regarded as a source of competitive advantage. The goal of this paper is to show how agent based models can capture the emerging behavior of complex social systems and hence can represent, with a structured framework, the role of explicit and implicit knowledge within organizations. There are formalisms which allow to study the emergency of social behavior with the creation and study of models, known as "artificial societies", employing software agents. A detailed review of some agent based paradigms is presented, as to their structure and use inside a computational simulation model. The work is carried on at the e-business LAB at the University of Turin (resp. prof. Marco Pironti).


Objective: to present a clinical case of a residual cyst in the right maxillary region with semisolid content. Main data of the case: 61-year-old patient who comes to consultation for the realization of upper jaw dentures, during the clinical examination a slight facial asymmetry of the right side is observed; radiographic and tomographic examination revealed a radiolucent lesion in the right premolar region. It is diagnosed as a residual cyst and an enucleation is decided; during the surgical procedure a viscous content of yellowish coloration and semi-solid content is observed. Main comments: it is very rare to find residual cysts with semi-solid content, since they generally have purulent or serosanguinous contents.


Adenoregulin has recently been isolated from Phyllomedusa skin as a 33 amino acid residues peptide which enhanced binding of agonists to the A1 adenosine receptor. In order to study the structure of the precursor of adenoregulin we constructed a cDNA library from mRNAs extracted from the skin of Phyllomedusa bicolor. We detected the complete nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the adenoregulin biosynthetic precursor. The deduced sequence of the precursor is 81 amino acids long, exhibits a putative signal sequence at the NH2 terminus and contains a single copy of the biologically active peptide at the COOH terminus. Structural and conformational homologies that are observed between adenoregulin and the dermaseptins, antimicrobial peptides exhibiting strong membranolytic activities against various pathogenic agents, suggest that adenoregulin is an additional member of the growing family of cytotropic antimicrobial peptides that allow vertebrate animals to defend themselves against microorganisms. As such, the adenosine receptor regulating activity of adenoregulin could be due to its ability to interact with and disrupt membranes lipid bilayers.


Objectives : This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of Gastodia Rhizoma-gamibang (GG) water extracts against scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : The animals were divided into five different groups with six a nimals per each group. The normal group (Nor) was administered with saline, while the control gro up (Con) was administered with saline after scopolamine treatment. The experimental group (Exp) was administered orally GG extracts at doses of 200 ㎎/㎏ (GG1 group), 400 ㎎/㎏ (GG2 group), 1000 ㎎/㎏ (GG5 group) for 30 day after scopolamine treatment. Results : From a light microscopy study, the nuclei of neurons and glial cells in the hippocampus were more shrunken or condensed in the 30 day control group compared with normal group. In the experimental groups, proportional to the dose, recovered from neurotoxicity induced by scopolamine. The control group, the density of hippocampal neurons were reduced 17-20% compared to normal group. The densities of neurons from the CA1, and CA3 area of the hippocampus in the GG1, GG2 and GG5 groups significantly increased compared with the Con. In the experimental group, neuronal cells are recovered from scopolamine-induced damage. A number of glial cells are observed increase from GG2 and GG5 groups. The PAS-positive materials in the tissues hippocampus), was lower in the Exp than the Con. Conclusions : The present study demonstrates that Gastodia Rhizoma-gamibang extract reduces neuronal damage in the hippocampus of scopolamin-induced impairment mice.


Wettability, as one of the important properties of solid surface, may influence heat and mass transfer in boiling process. Molecular dynamics method is employed to investigate the effects of wettability on normal and explosive boiling of ultra-thin liquid argon film absorbed on a heated solid aluminium surface in a confined space in present work. The initial three-phase molecular system is comprised of solid aluminium wall, liquid argon and vapour argon and is run for three different solid–liquid interfacial wettability (lyophilic, lyophobic and neutral surfaces), which achieves a balance at 90 K. After equilibrium period, two different jump temperatures degree, 150 and 350 K, are set on heat source layers separately to characterise the boiling phenomena, namely, low-temperature degree for normal boiling and high-temperature degree for explosive boiling in which temperature of solid wall is far beyond the critical temperature of liquid argon. The simulation results indicate that the wetting condition of solid–liquid interfacial surface have significant effects on both cases of boiling phenomena. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate with good wettability (lyophilic) is much higher than bad wettability (lyophobic) with same jump temperature degree.


Background: Clinical practices are supported by policies and guidelines to assist nurses provide quality patient care. Aim: To evaluate the level of renal nurses' compliance to policy and to develop strategies in improving staff 's adherence, three selected renal policies were audited. Method: A 30 day prospective audit on percutaneous vascular catheter exit site dressing and application of Mupirocin™ Ointment on 18 haemodialysis patients who had a newly inserted or reinserted percutaneous catheter was conducted. Two retrospective audits on peritoneal equilibration test (PET) and dialysis adequacy test (AT) on 164 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients were also conducted. Results: The results showed that the full adherence rate for percutaneous catheter exit site dressing was 50%. The audit revealed that 61% (n=11) had Mupirocin™ Ointment ordered in the medication charts but only 6 charts were signed by nurses. 65% (n=107) patients had PET performed as per policy. 84% (n=137) patients had AT performed during the survey period.


The relatively accurate method for creep analysis considering construction process in high-rise building is referred to as the creep coefficient method in bridge engineering.But it takes too much time because it needs recording all stress changes during loading.This dissertation introduces the degree of creep used in hydro-structures which is defined as exponential function.The principle of initial strain method using degree of creep is represented for creep increment analysis considering construction process in high-rise building and corresponding program is programmed.By comparing two examples,namely a frame and a shear-wall supported by frame,the conclusion is drawn that the simplified method can be apply to estimating the influences of creep in the primary design stage because of its not recording the stress history and high efficiency.


Marshall McLuhan's media theory is not concerned with a detailed consideration of the technical workings of digital media. The concept of tactility, though, described by McLuhan as the interplay of senses and a comprehensive translation of experience and knowledge, holds the possibility of a new approach to analyzing digital media from a historical and systematic perspective. Digitality can be thought of as one historically determinable implementation of the general principle of tactility. Beside its universality and capacity for representing and integrating earlier media, the digital computer's tactile character manifests itself in the technique and gesture of pressing a button. An indispensable operating element of digital devices, the button functions as the machine's equivalent to the tactile mediations effected by hand and speech; materializing the paradigmatic and syntagmatic logic of the Symbolic, it is a technology of articulation.


Paraphrasing is a process to restate the meaning of a text or a passage using different words in the same language to give a clearer understanding of the original sentence to the readers. Paraphrasing is important in many natural language processing tasks such as plagiarism detection, information retrieval, and machine translation. In this article, we describe our work in paraphrasing Chinese idioms by using the definitions from dictionaries. The definitions of the idioms will be reworded and then scored to find the best paraphrase candidates to be used for the given context. With the proposed approach to paraphrase Chinse idioms in sentences, the BLEU was 75.69%, compared to the baseline approach that was 66.34%.


The objective of this research is to analyze the evaluation of flight route policies, through program effectiveness, program adequacy, program distribution program that is enjoyed by all the aviation stakeholder and responsiveness and to recommend design improvement (roadmap) on flight route policies in accordance to the ASEAN Open Sky policy for the national carriers to be competitive. Research methods used are qualitative description with USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) approach or Issue Priority Matrix, investigation result on the flight path policies evaluation. The research used purposive sampling technique to determine the informant. The study result provides an overview of the preparation of improvement actions based on program evaluation through the establishment of medium term roadmap which consists; a) Grand Design disposition that regulate Indonesian airspace as state asset that has strategic value, b) Development of route connectivity functions, where national carrier must develop Global Distribution System functions. These GDS functions must be enhanced to provide support for assisting the airlines distribution process, simplifying airlines ticket booking, and minimalizing investment cost. c) Assessment of all Civil Aviation Safety Regulation (CASR) associated with Air Traffic Management (ATM), as well as d) developing e-business functionality that provides support for services.


The bagana is a ten-stringed box-lyre of the Amhara of Ethiopia. Paraliturgical and solo instrument played only for religious and meditative purposes, it often creates immedi- ate and intense emotions for both players and listeners. Based on informations collected during four fieldworks held in Ethiopia (2002-2005), multidisciplinary analyses have showed that these strong emotional reactions are cre- ated by sonorous and contextual means only. Structural and timbral properties of the bagana repertoire are the most salient ones playing a role in the arousal of the emotional reactions, and the religious meaning and the values embod- ied in the instrument are the most important contextual characteristics. These analyses show that bagana perform- ances are meant create a specific time and space for emo- tion.


AbstractA series of novel nitro-substituted ortho-analogs of POPOP was synthesized. Like the most of the other known compounds of this class, the synthesized molecules demonstrate high Stokes shift fluorescence emission owing to the planarization of their molecules at electronic excitation. Significant fluorescence quenching in polar solvents was described as the "energy gap law" action rather than the specific effect of the dialkylamino group excited state twisting.


In many applications, high-step converters are widely used, including powered vehicles, Photovoltaic (PV) systems, continuous power supplies, Gas lighting and fuel cell systems. The most important requirements in the energy conversion process are reliability, quality, maintenance and size reduction. This paper presents an Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) to raise voltage gain with three coupled winding. This converter consists of three pairs of coupled inductors to collect energy in parallel and release energy to the series load, which provides a much higher output load voltage than the traditional DC-DC boost converter. To validate the performance, an investigation was introduced by means of steady state analysis and operation. The operation modes and mathematical analysis are presented. Arduino UNO microcontroller was used to implement Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) gate drive based on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The DC-DC IBC with High Voltage Gain (HVG) produces low voltage stress across switches, low input and output current ripple, and also improves the efficiency. These features made this converter suitable for applications where a high voltage gain is demanded. This converter was tested using Matlab/Simulink to validate the performance in terms of input and output ripples. The results supported the mathematical analysis. The cancelation of the ripple in input and output voltages has significantly detected. The ripple amplitude is reducing in DC-DC HVG IBC comparing with traditional DC-DC boost converter, and the ripple frequency is doubled. This tends to reduce the output filter losses, and size. Also improves the efficiency of the converter.


The age-adjusted death rate for males aged 15-44 years was 10% lower in 2014 (156.6 per 100,000 population) than in 1999 (174.1). Among the five leading causes of death, the age-adjusted rates for three were lower in 2014 than in 1999: cancer (from 17.1 to 12.8; 25% decline), heart disease (20.1 to 17.0; 15% decline), and homicide (15.7 to 13.8; 12% decline). The age-adjusted death rates for two of the five causes were higher in 2014 than in 1999: suicide (20.1 to 22.5; 12% increase), and unintentional injuries (from 48.7 to 51.0; 5% increase).


This study examined the correlation between conflict management and secondary school organizational performance in Ogun state, Nigeria. The study used descriptive survey design. A sample of 100 public secondary schools out of 474 in Ogun State, 100 principals out of 474 principals, and 1000 teachers out of 15320 teachers in the state was drawn for the study using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The study developed and used two sets of questionnaires tagged "Principal Conflict Management Style Questionnaire (PCMSQ)" and "School Organizational Performance Questionnaire (SOPQ)" with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.74 and 0.77 respectively. The inferential statistic of Pearson's Product Moment Correlation coefficient was employed to analyse the data, and the null hypotheses developed for the study were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there is significant relationship between competitive conflict management, collaborative conflict management, compromising conflict management, accommodating conflict management, avoiding conflict management and secondary school organizational performance in Ogun State. It is therefore recommended among others that the secondary school principals should be trained on conflict management strategies and their appropriate uses to enhance school organizational performance. Finally, the teachers should at all times encourage collaboration and harmony among themselves so as to improve school performance and in turn achieve school goals and objectives.


is paper aims to clarify the regional characteristics of the development of tourism accompanying economic growth in India and the tourist industry using development in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. e state of Uttarakhand is known as a Himalayan hill resort area with various tourism resources, such as hillside summer retreats in regions with beautiful lakeside scenery and views of year-round snow of the Himalayan Mountains, Hindu pilgrimage sites and so on. In particular, the development of hillside summer retreats was facilitated by the forging of roads through steep mountainous regions and the construction of hotels and vacation homes by the English during the colonial period. In recent years tourists from all over India have visited Uttarakhand, and that number is increasing rapidly. While it is obvious that many of the tourists come from the North and South West regions of India, there is a particularly large number who come from the greater Delhi metropolitan area. It is assumed that these visits constitute utilization of leisure time by the middle class. With new development of hill resorts, Naukuchiatal has been one recipient of the ever-increasing number of domestic tourists. Surrounded by tourism resources centered on the lake, Uttarakhand has experienced growing development of lodging accommodations by local residents and hotel capital from inside and outside the state. Hence, a certain ripple e ect to the local economy can be observed for both local residents and merchants within the region regarding employment at lodging accommodations, necessary services, and the demand for materials.