Many drug interactions with drugs used for the therapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) occur at the level of different cytochrome P450 isozymes. Increasing evidence suggests that antiretrovirals may also modify activity and expression of active drug transport systems. Such interactions may alter drug absorption, elimination, and also drug distribution and reach clinical importance if thereby access to the target site is affected. Beyond P-glycoprotein, the family of multidrug resistance-related proteins (MRP/ABCC) substantially contributes to the elimination of numerous drugs and their metabolites. Because the interaction of MRPs with non–HIV protease inhibitor antiretrovirals has not been studied thoroughly, we investigated whether important non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) (delavirdine, efavirenz, and nevirapine), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) (abacavir, emtricitabine, and lamivudine), and tenofovir as a nonnucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor can interact with MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3 in vitro. Inhibition of these ABC transporters was quantified by confocal laser-scanning microscopy using the 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate assay. With the exception of abacavir, which had no effect on MRP3, all the test compounds increased intracellular 5-chloromethylfluorescein fluorescence in a concentration-dependent manner, and this effect was observed in all the overexpressing cell lines but not in the parental cell line, indicating inhibition of MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3. In conclusion, the present study provides the first evidence for a significant and concentration-dependent inhibition of MRPs by NNRTI, NRTI, and tenofovir, which was most pronounced for delavirdine, efavirenz, and emtricitabine, suggesting that this might contribute to some of the known drug interactions impairing HIV therapy and also to the superior effectiveness of combination pharmacotherapy. Infections with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are typically treated with drug combinations consisting of at least three different antiretroviral drugs. Essential components of this highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are the HIV protease inhibitors (HPI), the non-nucleoside and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI and NRTI), and the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir. Whereas this combination therapy substantially improves the clinical prognosis for patients infected with HIV, it concurrently increases the risk for drug-drug interactions (Piscitelli and Gallicano, 2001; de Maat et al., 2003). Many drug interactions with antiretrovirals, but by far not all and particularly not those with NRTI, occur at the level of different cytochrome P450 isozymes (Dasgupta and Okhuysen, 2001; Piscitelli and Gallicano, 2001; de Maat et al., 2003). Indeed, increasing evidence suggests that antiretrovirals may also modify activity and expression of active drug transport systems. Such interactions may determine drug absorption, elimination, and also drug distribution and reach clinical importance if thereby access to the target site is affected. For HPI it is already well documented both in vitro and in vivo that they have multiple sites of interaction and inhibit cytochromes P450 (Eagling et al., 1997; Kumar et al., 1999; Malaty and Kuper, 1999; Granfors et al., 2006; Mikus et al., 2006) and ABC transporters like P-glycoprotein (P-gp; MDR1/ABCB1) (Gutmann et al., 1999; Profit et al., 1999; Ding et al., 2004; Sankatsing et al., 2004; Bachmeier et al., 2005; Perloff et al., 2005). Other important ABC transporters belong to the family of multidrug resistance-related proteins (MRP/ ABCC) that substantially contribute to the elimination of numerous drugs and their metabolites (Borst et al., 2000). Because the interaction of MRP with non-HPI antiretrovirals has not been studied thoroughly, we investigated whether important NNRTI [delavirdine (N[2-[4-[3-(1-methylethylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]carbonyl1H-indol-5-yl] methanesulfonamide), efavirenz (8-chloro-5-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-oxa-2-azabicyclo[4.4.0]deca7,9,11-trien-3-one), and nevirapine (1-cyclopropyl-5,11-dihydro-4methyl-6H-dipyrido [3,2-b:2 ,3 -e][1,4] diazepin-6-one)], NRTI [abacavir ([4-(2-amino-6-cyclopropylamino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-cyclopent2-enyl]methanol), emtricitabine (4-amino-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-pyrimidin-2-one), and lamivudine (4amino-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-1H-pyrimidin-2Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://dmd.aspetjournals.org. doi:10.1124/dmd.106.012765. ABBREVIATIONS: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HPI, HIV protease inhibitor; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor(s); NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor(s); P-gp, P-glycoprotein; MRP, human multidrug resistance-associated protein; CMFDA, 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate; LY335979, zosuquidar; MDCKII, Madin-Darby canine kidney II; CMF, 5-chloromethylfluorescein; MF-SG, methylfluorescein-sulfoglutathione; cLSM, confocal laser-scanning microscope/microscopy; MK571, 3-[[[3[2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl]phenyl]-[[3-dimethylamino)-3-oxopropyl]thio]methyl]thio]-propanoic acid; ANOVA, analysis of variance; AUC, area under the curve. 0090-9556/07/3503-340–344$20.00 DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION Vol. 35, No. 3 Copyright © 2007 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 12765/3182192 DMD 35:340–344, 2007 Printed in U.S.A. 340 at A PE T Jornals on A ril 8, 2017 dm d.aspurnals.org D ow nladed from one)], and tenofovir (1-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)propan-2-yloxymethylphosphonic acid) as a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor can interact with MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3. Inhibition of these ABC transporters was quantified by confocal laser-scanning microscopy using the 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) assay (Bogman et al., 2003). Materials and Methods Compounds. The anti-HIV drugs and LY335979 (zosuquidar) were provided by the corresponding manufacturers. Stock solutions of test compounds were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide; only tenofovir was dissolved in double distilled water. The dimethyl sulfoxide concentration in the assays never exceeded 1% (v/v), a concentration that was found not to influence the results of the assay. Cell Lines. As an in vitro model for human MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3, we used Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII)/MRP1, MDCKII/MRP2, and MDCKII/MRP3 cells. All the cell lines were generated by stable transfection of the corresponding cDNA into MDCKII cells (Evers et al., 1998a,b; Kool et al., 1999) and were provided by Dr. Piet Borst (The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). MDCKII/Par cells served as a control. Cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum, 2 mM glutamine, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 g/ml streptomycin sulfate (Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany). Confocal Laser-Scanning Microscopy: CMFDA Accumulation Assay. The method for measuring the functional activity of MRP was adopted from the CMFDA assay for MRP2 (Bogman et al., 2003; Lindenmaier et al., 2005) and extended to MRP1 and MRP3. The nonfluorescent lipophilic CMFDA (MobiTec, Göttingen, Germany) passively penetrates the plasma membrane. Inside the cells, cytosolic esterases cleave off its acetate residues, thereby releasing the fluorescent and membrane-impermeable product 5-chloromethylfluorescein (CMF), which can react (e.g., with glutathione) to form fluorescent conjugates. This methylfluorescein-glutathione complex (MF-SG) is then actively secreted by MRP2 (Bogman et al., 2003) and also by MRP1 and MRP3 if present. Intracellular accumulation of the MF-SG in cells was analyzed with a DM IRE 2 TCS SP II confocal laser-scanning microscope (cLSM) from Leica (Bensheim, Germany) as published previously (Lindenmaier et al., 2005) with minor alterations. In brief, living cells (6 10) were seeded on coverslips in a closed miniperfusion chamber (H. Saur, Reutlingen, Germany) directly before the experiment and preincubated for 30 min with or without the test compound in darkness at 37°C in 1 ml of transport buffer consisting of Hank's balanced salt solution and 1 mM pyruvate (Invitrogen) for energy supply. Pilot kinetic experiments had shown that maximum effects are reached within 30 min (data not shown). CMFDA in a final concentration of 50 nM was subsequently added and incubated for 10 min. Data were analyzed according to Lindenmaier et al. (2005). The experiments were performed at least in triplicate on different days. All the compounds were tested in the highest soluble concentration or up to maximum concentration not provoking cytotoxic effects. The selective MRP inhibitor MK571 (BIOMOL Research Laboratories, Plymouth Meeting, PA) served as positive control at a concentration of 20 M as previously established (Bogman et al., 2003). Quenching Test. Potential errors in the quantification of CMF caused by the quenching effects of test compounds were excluded in a quenching assay by adding increasing concentrations of individual compounds to aliquots of the cell lysate after incubation with 50 nM CMFDA. Comparison of the fluorescence with control cell lysates without the respective compounds confirmed that none of them showed any quenching effect on the fluorescence of CMF. Cytotoxicity Assay. Apart from efavirenz, none of the compounds tested exerted cytotoxic effects as evaluated with the Cytotoxicity Detection Kit (Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany). Because of pronounced cytotoxic effects, efavirenz was tested in the cLSM assay only up to 10 M. Glutathione Assay. CMF requires the conjugation with glutathione to generate the fluorescent MRP substrate MF-SG. To exclude that the compounds alter intracellular glutathione levels, glutathione concentrations were measured in all


This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of factors related to the Composite Stock Price Index. These factors include the exchange rate of the rupiah, world gold prices and world oil prices, which subsequently functioned as independent variables affecting the composite stock price index which functioned as a dependent variable. This research method uses the method of multiple linear regression (Ordinary Least Square) The results showed that the simultaneous exchange rate of the rupiah, world gold prices and world oil prices significantly affected the composite stock price index. The rupiah exchange rate and the world gold price partially have a significant and positive effect on the composite stock price index, world oil prices partially have a significant and negative effect on the composite stock price index . Keywords: composite  stock  price index, rupiah exchange rate, world gold  prices, world oil  prices


А method for the formation of twist structures in objects of micron size using the phenomenon of the formation of capillary fluid bridges in composite materials based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and a nematic liquid crystal 4-cyano-4'-N-heptylbiphenyl (7CB) is proposed. Theoretical modeling of optical characteristics in micro-twist objects is carried out.


Inflow boundary conditions are developed for hybrid large-eddy simulation (LES)/Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes approaches. They are based on an extension of the rescaling-reintroducing method developed for LES to a hybrid scheme. A blending function is used to shift the turbulence closure from a κ-ζ model near the wall to a κ-Δ subgrid-scale model away from the wall. The approach was tested for a flat plate and then applied to the study of a 25-deg compression-expansion ramp for a Mach number of 2.88 and a Reynolds number of 3.24 × 10 7 /m. In general, improvements over the κ-ζ model were noted in the recovery region. The significance of this work is that it provides a way for LES methods to address flows at a high Reynolds number


The study of radar target transfer function (TTF) is relevant to both automatic target recognition using range profiling methods and the optimisation of detection performance by exploiting matched waveform techniques. However, range profiles, and their associated TTFs, are known to be highly sensitive to target geometry and aspect angle. This paper demonstrates that TTFs and their associated range profiles both decorrelate within 1 variation in aspect angle and that such rapid decorrelation is dominated by scintillation effects rather than the migration through range cell phenomenon. However, TTFs may offer advantages over range profiling since the former are typically characterised by many more data points than the latter. This leads to increased separability of different target classes and generally lower correlation statistics when using TTFs. TTFs are also important in the design of matched radar waveforms. A combination of experimental results using scaled model targets and simulation is presented which demonstrate that under ideal conditions matched waveforms can improve the signal to clutter ratio by up to 30 dB.


This article is scoped to discuss the emergence of regulatory agencies on the evolution of the State: starting in the Liberal State, passing through the Welfare State until you reach the State Regulator or Neoliberal. There was a brief history of the emergence of the first regulatory agencies in international law, and yet, the varied characteristics of these administrative bodies created in the form of local authorities in special regime, endowed with autonomy and legislative powers, and to this end, we used a methodology of qualitative analysis with hypothetical-deductive approach methods of analytical and descriptive character. In this context, we sought to examine this regulation while species of State intervention, which to order the basic sectors of the economic infrastructure, and thus, become the with regulatory agencies, responsible for control, regulation and supervision of public services, activities and assets transferred to the private sector.


To confirm the pilot fatigue, most of methods are carried out through the analysis of eye states. A new algorithm of eye states recognition was proposed based on combining of radial symmetry transform and circular Hough transform. Firstly, the eye states were recognized based on radial symmetry characteristic of iris when eyes were open, and then for the images which were not recognized only by radial symmetry transform, the center and radius of iris were determined by circular Hough transform. Comparing the position of iris center located by circular Hough transform and the iris center located by radial symmetry transform eye states recognition in these images could be achieved. This method has been applied to pilot fatigue flight video processing and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieved a relatively better eye state recognition result. Average success rate of the proposed method is 94.9%, which meets the needs of application requirements of pilot fatigue monitoring.


Thermal conductivity (λ) of a high‐purity iron (99.998+% Fe) has been studied as a function of temperature (T) between 7° and 200°K. The λ vs T curve reaches a maximum of about 15 W‐cm−1 °K−1 at 21°K. This value is considerably larger than that of 4.5 W‐cm−1 °K−1 observed before by Kemp et al. in 1959. Our measurements are in qualitative agreement with the theoretical expectations for a high‐purity iron. The problem, associated with accurate determination of the Lorenz number and the thermal resistivity due to electron‐phonon scattering at low temperatures in iron, is briefly discussed.


Mobility is the most important factor in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and delay-tolerant networks (DTNs). Mobility models that fail to capture real movement pattern of mobile nodes will result in misleading guidelines on the design of new protocols and their performance evaluations and thus prevent us from making judicious decisions. Two different approaches – synthetic modeling and tracebased modeling – have been put forth for sound mobility models. Synthetic mobility models [7] have been developed mainly for the purpose of simplicity and the ease of analysis, but subsequently been criticized for their unrealistic behaviors. On the other hand, the trace-based approach suffers from lack of the amount of available traces on a fine time/space scale, and are applicable only for the particular setting under consideration and highly sensitive on the choice of the reconstruction algorithm. In this work, we take a different approach from the above two. We first investigate numerous GPS-based mobility traces for various mobile nodes. In view of Data MULEs or Message Ferrying based approaches, we consider different kinds of human movement patterns such as walking, running, inline skating and bicycling as well as zebra and bus movement. We then find out that all those traces show super diffusive movement pattern, which is characterized by 'faster-than-linear' growth curve of the mean square displacement (MSD), i.e., E{‖Zt − Z0‖} ∼ t with γ > 1, where Zt ∈ R is the position of the mobile node at time t. Based on the observed super-diffusive behavior, we propose to use a set of Levy walk model as simple, easy-togenerate, yet realistic mobility models. The Levy walk models allow us to directly control the super-diffusive behavior of generated trajectories and can be easily incorporated into performance evaluation of protocols of MANETs and DTNs.


This paper describes the engineering procedures involved in the rehabilitation of the masonry dome of the AlAbbas bin Ali shrine, located in Karbala city in Iraq. Severe cracks appeared in the dome as a result of blast action and direct tank hits in 1991, exacerbating the already existing cracks due to foundation settlement and inappropriate strengthening methods used to stabilise the dome in the past. This paper reports on the carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening system adopted to repair the dome. Both laminate and fabric systems were used in this project. Following the completion of the repair project, inspection and monitoring are performed periodically to evaluate the effectiveness of the repair system.


Objective To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)and to explore its potential mechanism via the effects of atorvastatin on expression of angiotensin type 1(AT1)receptor.Methods Sixteen-week old male SHR(n=24)were randomly divided into four groups(n=6,each):(1)SHR control group;(2)50 mg atorvastatin group[50 mg/(kg·d)];(3)10 mg atorvastatin group[10 mg/(kg·d)];(4)valsartan group[20 mg/(kg·d)].Systolic blood pressure(SBP)was assessed with the tail-cuff method before and 6 weeks after treatment with atorvastatin,blood samples were taken for the determination of reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in serum by chemistry colorimetry.The localization of AT1 receptor protein in myocardium was investigated by immunohistochemistric assays.The level of AT1 receptor mRNA expression was detected by in situ hybridization.Results SBP was significantly decreased in 50 mg atorvastatin group at 4 weeks and 6 weeks(P0.01)and was not influenced in 10 mg atorvastatin group.Serum ROS level in SHR control group was significantly higher than that in WKY group(P0.01).There was a significantly reduction in serum ROS level in 50 mg atorvastatin group after 6 weeks(P0.05).The expression of AT1 receptor protein in 50 mg atorvastatin group was significantly decreased and average light density value was diminished too(P0.01).The result showed that both the expression of AT1 receptor mRNA and average light density value were diminished in 50 mg atorvastatin group(P0.01).Conclusions Atorvastatin caused a significant reduction of blood pressure in SHR.It down-regulates AT1 receptor expression of myocardium cell that leads to reduced production of ROS.It is infered that the reduction of blood pressure with atorvastatin be caused by downregulation of AT1 receptor expression and improvement of endothelial dysfunction.


There are many challenges faced by family physicians who choose to practice medicine in rural areas with underserved populations. A decision to practice medicine as a physician in the United States Public Health Service, serving American Indians and Alaska Natives, became a fascinating and rewarding journey across the nation and abroad, to the highest levels of government.


Earthquake prediction experiment aims to attack the scientific problems of earthquake prediction by concentrating densely deployed multi disciplinary observations into a specified experiment site.As a project of 'big science',earthquake prediction experiment has provided lessons and experiments in many aspects,which need to be analyzed systematically.By reviewing the organization,observation and researches related to earthquake prediction experiment site from the 1960s to the 1990s,this essay discussed the concept and development of earthquake prediction experiment as well as their scientific and societal impacts.It is pointed out that the application of high technology will provide earthquake prediction experiment with new structures and new perspectives,which will in turn bring new opportunities to the research on earthquake prediction.


Patent protection was introduced for plant biotechnology in the United States in 1985, and it affected crops differentially depending on their reproductive structures. Exploiting this unique feature of plant physiology and a new dataset of crop-specific technology development, I find that the introduction of patent rights increased the development of novel plant varieties in affected crops. Technology development was driven by a rapid increase in private sector investment, was accompanied by positive spillover effects on innovation in certain non-biological agricultural technologies, and led to an increase in crop yields. Patent rights, however, could come with potentially significant costs to the consumers of technology and distortions to downstream production. Nevertheless, I document that in US counties that were more exposed to the change in patent law because of their crop composition, land values and profits increased. Taken together, the results suggest that the prospect of patent protection spurred technological progress and increased downstream productivity and profits.


This chapter considers the importance of Lucianic satire as a model for Dryden, Swift, Fielding, and other writers between 1650 and 1760 in the light of what has been called Lucian's 'double personality' in early modern Europe: for some he was an erudite, witty, and moral satirist of hypocrisy; for others, a dangerously irreligious scoffer and sceptic who brought Christian morality into doubt. By the later seventeenth century, he was more usually regarded as both these things—as well as an exemplary prose stylist—and his scepticism was no small part of his appeal as a satirist. However, the rise of deism at the end of the seventeenth century and its association with subversive religious satire encouraged a perception of Lucianic wit as a weapon of the deists, and this association was not merely impressionistic: the first English Works of Lucian (1710–11) included among its contributors several prominent deists.


The Effect of Different Symptom Experiences on Disease in with Chronic Pulmonary Disease: Cluster J Comp Nurs Res Care Abstract Objectives: To explore whether subgroups of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could be identified by their symptom experiences that form clusters and the impact of these symptom clusters on health outcome. Background: Most patients with COPD experience numerous symptoms. However, few studies have investigated the symptom clusters and their effect on health outcome in patients with COPD. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical center. The subjects received specific questionnaires including the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, Clinical COPD Questionnaire, and Short Form-12 health survey. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to identify patient subgroups based on symptom experiences. Differences in psychological distress and health outcomes were evaluated using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Additionally, linear regressions were used to examine the prediction of health outcomes. Results: Of the 139 subjects recruited for this study (mean age, 71.79 ± 10.23 years), 95.7% were men. On average, patients with COPD experienced 6.71 symptoms. HCA was used to derive a three-cluster solution based on the 18 physical symptoms. MANOVA revealed significant mean differences in psychological distress scores between the three subgroups. Linear regression also revealed that the symptom cluster was able to explain 41.5% of variance in the total scores of CCQ and 51.1% of variance in the total scores of SF-12. Conclusions: The symptoms experiences of patients with COPD are complex. Patients with high physical symptoms had the highest psychological distress and poorest HRQOL. The symptom experiences affect the overall quality of life, and the HRQOL in turn affects the symptom clusters. For patients with COPD, the symptom assessment should be multidimensional, based on the concept of symptom clusters. These findings provide a foundation for symptom management and nursing interventions to improve the health status of patients with COPD.


Harmonic matrix theory is a comprehensive synthesis of just intonation and Pythagorean tuning systems related to, but extending the classical lambdoma of the ancient Greeks. Extrapolated to n-dimensional structures, cubes, hyper-planes, hyper-cubes, and so on, the approach is completed by the logical inclusion of additional special matrices such as the 'iterative power' and 'golden' matrix. The harmonic matrix describes a geometry that exposes the fractal nature of the integer set and the significance of the prime numbers to the human perception of harmony. Applications include compositions not restricted to fixed-tone systems and traditional time structures, various instrument/interface adaptations, and audiovisual representations demonstrating a well-defined link between position, color and pitch.


Prediction of reverberation time (T30) using ray‐tracing and similar algorithms naturally requires realistic input data, but the degree of data accuracy required varies with the room properties. In some types of rooms, accurate coefficients are crucial while in other types it is less crucial and the prediction results are less sensitive. This paper will attempt to classify rooms, according to their sensitivity to the input data due to their geometrical mixing (or diffusing) properties and the absorption, distribution. At the one end are found non‐mixing geometries with uneven absorption, making a good estimate of the scattering coefficients crucial, at the other end are found mixing geometries with a mildly varying absorption distribution where prediction is safer and where estimated, or readily available, absorption coefficients can be used and where the choice of scattering coefficients has little impact. Due to the natural frequency dependence of both absorption and scattering coefficients the classifi...


Advances in the field of Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (FSRS), a new time‐resolved structural technique that provides complete vibrational spectra on the ultrafast timescale, are reviewed. When coupled with a femtosecond optical trigger, the time evolution of a reacting species can be monitored with unprecedented <25 femtosecond temporal and 5 cm‐1 spectral resolution. New technological and theoretical advances including the development of tunable FSRS and a background‐free FSRS format are discussed. The most recent experimental studies focus on ultrafast reaction dynamics in electronically excited states: isomerization in cyanobacterial phytochrome, ultrafast spin flipping in a solar cell sensitizer, and excited state proton transfer in green fluorescent protein. The use of FSRS to directly map multidimensional reactive potential energy surfaces and to probe the mechanism of reactive internal conversion is prospectively discussed.


This clinical report describes a case of maxillary dental rehabilitation using five implants placed simultaneously in three cortico-cancellous iliac bone blocks and rigidly fixed to the residual bone with titanium mini-screws 2-mm in diameter and mini-plates. All "empty spaces" between the bone segments were filled with iliac bone chips harvested from the diploe of iliac bone mixed by Bio-oss. The second surgery was performed 5 months later, when all five implants were integrated, and one cover screw was exposed to oral cavity. Two months after the second surgery, abutments were connected to the implants and loaded with a fixed partial denture.


The fuzzy control combined with PID control was introduced into milling process.The compound fuzzy PID control method was formed to realize the effective and stable control of the milling process in unstable work condition.


Housing represents the largest inroads to the income for most households. Housing distinguish and safeguards the private from the public and constitutes a major definition of private life. It is the start- and endpoint of everyday life for most people, an


Increasingly sophisticated technological developments create new ways for people to conduct trading business. An example of this technology application is the use of e-commerce. However, there are conditions where the seller cannot measure the level of satisfaction and identify problems experienced by his customers if it is only based on the rating as the case in smartphones transactions. Therefore, a solution is needed to create a system that can filter negative and positive comments. This study offers a solution to address this issue by using machine learning employing the K-Nearest Neighbors, SVM, and Naive Bayes algorithms with hyperparameters from previous studies. This study applied the ensemble learning method with the Voting Classifier technique, which is an algorithm to combine several algorithms that have been made. From the test results, the highest accuracy was obtained by SVM with an accuracy value of 91.18% while the ensemble learning method obtained an accuracy value of 89.22%. The difference in the accuracy of training and testing for SVM and ensemble learning method is 7.1% and 4% respectively. These results indicate that the ensemble learning method can help improve the performance of sentiment analysis algorithms for comments on smartphone products.


The solar power tower attracts increasing attentions in recent years, as an important and high efficiency technology in renewable power generation. Heat transfer fluid is heated by focusing the concentrated solar radiation on a tower-mounted receiver, and then is used to drive the turbine, and thereafter generate electric power. One of the challenges in solar power tower operation is due to sudden thermal changes on the surface of the central receiver. To be more specific, when cloud moves towards the solar power tower plant, it will block the solar beam, and lead to severe temperature change on the central receiver. Such transient thermal flux may lead to fatigue and failure of the central receiver before expected number of thermal cycles. In this work, we propose a new control strategy, which uses wireless communication channels to spread the control signal in between the heliostats to prevent transient thermal flux. In addition, the proposed control strategy is expected to save the capital cost in the interconnecting cable that is used to control the heliostats in the field.


While most patients with an acquired brain injury (ABI) receive appropriate post-acute care and rehabilitation via established pathways from critical care units and tertiary neurosciences centres, a small number of these patients do fall through the cracks and end up in the general medical ward.


The advancement of the times and technology will undoubtedly promote the reform of the educational model of colleges and universities. The development of ideological and political education in computer network courses is also an important part of educational reform. Combining their respective teaching characteristics, it is conducive to enhancing students' interest in ideological and political learning. Improve the quality and efficiency of ideological and political teaching. Based on the theory of thinking innovation, this paper explores the characteristics of current computer network courses and ideological and political teaching, and takes the fusion teaching of the two as an opportunity to explore the challenges faced by ideological and political teaching in computer network courses, and proposes a computer network course with targeted thinking and innovation ideas. The ideological and political teaching reform strategy effectively improves the ideological and political teaching efficiency of computer network courses and fosters high-quality comprehensive talents for domestic modernization.


Obesity is the most common health problem in developed countries and is considered a significant risk factor for many major human diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the human vagina on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We screened 26 strains of lactic acid bacteria to test their effects against obesity. Among the tested strains, Lactobacillus gasseri MG2855 exhibited a lipase inhibitory activity of 11.84% and inhibited relative lipid content of 3T3-L1 cells (96.21%) at a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL. The survival rate of L. gasseri MG2855 in 0.3% bile salt was 88.47%, and the survival rate after incubation for 3 h in pH 3.0 was 78.64%. L. gasseri MG2855 showed higher sensitivity to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclin, and cephalothin in 16 antibiotic sensitivity tests. These results demonstrate that L. gasseri MG2855 can be employed as a potential probiotic with anti-obesity effects. Probiotic Potential of Lactobacillus Strains on the Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells


The author reviews his experience with such cases, considering the pathogenesis, the endoscopic findings and indications for the treatment to be employed.


Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on stress response to anesthesia and surgery in the elderly.Methods Fourty selective laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) under general anesthesia was performed in 40 elder patients,who were randomly divided into two groups of D(20 cases,dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg was infused before anesthesoa induction) and C(20 cases equal volume of normal saline was infused as the control).MAP and HR were recorded before induction(T0),during intubation(T1),pneumoperitoneum(T2) and extubation(T3),and at 5 min after extubation(T4).Plasma cortisol(Cor) and angiotension Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ) were measured as well.Results MAP,HR and Cor at T1 and T2 were lower in group D than those in group C(P0.05).So did MAP and Cor at T3 and Ang-Ⅱ at T4(P0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg infused before anesthesia induction can attenuate stress response to anesthesia and surgery and reduce the adverse cardiovascular events in the elderly undergoing LC.


Cruciform columns have been used in several engineering applications, being known for their low torsional stiffness, which leads to strong torsional-flexural modal coupling. Three-dimensional motions of an inextensible cruciform column with low torsional stiffness, subjected to a concentrated axial load and a lateral harmonic excitation, are studied in this paper. Special attention is given to the effect of the axial load on the frequencyamplitude relation and its influence on the bifurcations and instabilities of the column, a problem not tackled in the previous literature on this subject. To this aim, the nonlinear integro-differential equations describing the flexural-flexural-torsional couplings of the column are used, together with the Galerkin method, to obtain a set of discretized equations of motion, which are in turn numerically integration using the Runge-Kutta method. Both inertial and geometric nonlinearities are considered in the present analysis. The results show that the axial load influences the stiffness of the column, changing its nonlinear behaviour from hardening to softening. A detailed parametric analysis, using several tools of nonlinear dynamics, unveils the complex dynamics of the column in the parametric or external resonance regions. Bifurcations leading to multiple coexisting solutions and chaotic motion are observed. Carvalho E.C., Gonçalves P.B., Rega G., Del Prado Z.J.G.N. 2


Magneto-dielectric antennas (MDAs) provide small sizes, enhanced bandwidths, and frequency/polarization agility. We describe the fabrication and efficiency characterization at 0.4–0.8 GHz of five microstrip MDAs, whose gradually thicker substrates were 3D-printed using an off-the-shelf polylactic acid (PLA) filament doped with ferromagnetic particles. It was experimentally discovered that efficiency increases monotonically from 12% (−9.2 dB) to 37% (−4.3 dB) as substrate thickness goes from 1.6 to 4.3 mm; the rate is faster than expected for microstrip antennas. Numerical analysis indicated that the apparent magnetic loss tangent of the MD substrate experiences a threefold decrease as the 3D printer deposits more layers of iron-doped PLA. The MDAs exhibit radiation quality factors that are 3.7–7.2 times better than the dielectric counterparts. Moreover, a simple optimization of ground plane size could increase efficiency to 55% (−2.6 dB). The reduction in magnetic loss is attributed to a reduction in eddy current loss due to the separation of agglomerate iron particles. Therefore, despite the inherently lossy material used, the potential of 3D-printed MD substrates in providing acceptable antenna efficiencies is demonstrated together with unprecedented design freedom and fabrication flexibility.


In order to solve the conflict between finite lab resource and more and more students,a networking lab system based on serial communication server is constructed.By using communication interface and software technology of Ethernet monitoring system,doing secondary developmet and design in the aspect of remote access and monitoring experiment equipment which have traditional local communication serials,a remote control system lab based on the frame of Ethernet is designed and realized.The system realizes remote clients accessing local equipments,instruction transmitting and data exchanging functions by developing and configuring intellegent network nodes.


Results obtained in the laboratory with the autoselector of channels built with an "electronic gear". This autoselector performs the complete automation at the mobiles services communication. This automation involves to make possible the instantaneous selection of the channels which being not occupied can be utilized. All this without mouvement, of any organ


Educational reform for elementary and secondary schools has become a major industry in the past three years. At the national and state levels, commissions and legislatures have begun to act (e.g., National Commission on Excellence in Education 1983; Task Force on Education for Economic Growth 1983; Griesemer and Butler 1983; U.S. Department of Education 1984). One central recommendation of these reports is to adopt longer school days and longer school years. The most publicized of the reports, "A Nation at Risk," called for seven-hour school days in place of the present five to six hours, and 200-to-220-day school years in place of the typical 180 days at present (National Commission on Excellence in Education 1983, 29). In response, some states have increased already both daily and annual school sessions (U.S. Department of Education 1984). For example, California appropriated $257 billion in 1984 to increase the amount of instruction by about 5 percent. Copyright 1986 Western Economic Association International.


Global systemically important banks (GSIBs) are subject to capital surcharges that increase with systemic importance indicators. We show that U.S. GSIBs lower their surcharges to a large extent by reducing one indicator---the notional amount of over-the-counter derivatives---in the fourth quarter of each year, the quarter that determines surcharges. This seasonal drop is stronger at GSIBs than at other banks; it increased after GSIB surcharges were introduced; and it is largely driven by interest rate swaps. We discuss implications of these results for the design of systemic importance indicators.


Adherence to topical corticosteroids (TCS) is essential for the effective treatment of atopic dermatitis but can be limited by concerns about their use. This study examined the feasibility of applying the validated TOPICOP score for assessing TCS phobia across different countries.


We present a summary of new experimental results on the status of the charm spectroscopy using inclusive approaches and Dalitz plot analyses of $B$ and $B_s$ decays. We also report on a new determination of the $X(3872)$ quantum numbers.


The main characteristics of data in information service are multi-source, heterogeneous and cross systems, while information service users are scattered throughout the network. There are consequently some urgent problems should be solved in information transmission, distribution security, subject trust, circulation control, etc. Using the advantages of blockchain technology in traceability, tamper proof and distributed storage, and combined with the information service business process, an information service data distribution scheme based on blockchain is proposed. Firstly, the information service data would be encrypted and stored in the Inter Planetary File System (IPFS), and the data addresses are stored in the directory library of information service centers; Secondly, according to the information service subscription/distribution process, a distribution mechanism based on Proxy Re-encryption is designed; then, the information service distribution chain is constructed by using the Consortium Blockchain mode, and the information data and key distribution information are stored on the chain; which is able to better realize distributed data access and centerless access of information services.


Over the last few decades, the catalytic asymmetric Friedel-Crafts alkylation has become a powerful strategy that provides enantioenriched structural motifs of established value in medicinal chemistry or complex target synthesis. While the traditionally chiral Lewis-acid catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation has been extensively reviewed in the literature, we focused this review on the recent advances on organocatalytic Friedel-Crafts alkylations. According to activation modes, this review is divided into three main sections, including 1) alkylations via iminium catalysis, 2) alkylations via SOMO catalysis, and 3) alkylations by chiral hydrogen-bond donors.


In a world of nearly 10 billion people, competition for the conditions of life and wealth can only accelerate. Our contention is that with such increasing competition, more and more material as well as immaterial things will be turned into resources – a process that we suggest to label resourcification.Resourcification is not another term for processes of economisation such as commodification and marketisation – even if each of these can be part of it. Resourcification makes explicit that things are not turned into resources by themselves, nor are they turned into resources randomly. Resources are literally produced, and resourcification as a concept and process intend to provide an understanding of how, where, when, and for whom this production happens, thus creating a platform for a socio-ecological critique of the current economic, social and environmental order. For example, resourcification intends to go beyond the observation that common-pool resources such as ecosystem services are increasingly being priced, privatised and enclosed; it aims at explaining why such a development is possible, how it happens, and who gets to lose or benefit from it.Processes of resourcification are complex and poorly explored. A resource is commonly understood as having an a priori potential to become valuable. Thus, in sustainability research, focus has been on the sustainable management of resources. Yet, as for example valuation studies argue, nothing is valuable in and of itself in a social system. All things need to go through a situated process of valuation to gain value, highlighting the politics of value and of valuation. In the same way, things will only become resources if they go through a situated process of resourcification. In this way, resourcification is to resource what valuation is to value: a way to shift attention away from essentialist queries about the nature of resources and towards a practical understanding of the social processes where things are turned into resources. We argue that the time is ripe to open up a field of resourcification studies to vitalise critical discourse on social-environmental interaction, thereby finding new approaches to analyse societies that seem genuinely unable to engage in profound change and renew themselves in order to meet the challenges of the Anthropocene.We argue that the concept of resourcification has the potential to become a theoretical and methodological tool to 'unthink' sustainability by proposing a perspective to articulate new questions to investigate sustainability problems. In this contribution, we would like to present a number of preliminary statements to introduce a resourcification studies framework. They are not meant to be understood as a comprehensive resourcification program, but rather as a starting point for exploring the potential for resourcification studies to vitalize research towards the sustainable transformations of societies. (Less)


We studied the regulation of nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity in the cytosol from freshly isolated (native) as well as cultured porcine aortic endothelia cells (PAECs). L-arginine-dependent NO synthesis was detected by activation of a purified soluble guanylyl cyclase (GC) incubated with cytosol in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). In cytosol from native PAECs, NO synthesis was increased by Ca 2+ ions in a concentration- and calmodulin-dependent fashion.


The invention discloses a vacuum sludge discharge machine. The vacuum sludge discharge machine is characterized by comprising a roots vacuum pump arranged on one side of a sealed sludge tank, a control system, an air compressor, and a dirt extraction pipe and a sludge stirring pipe which are arranged in a sludge sedimentation tank, wherein the sealed sludge tank is provided with an atmospheric valve and is connected with a sludge discharge pipeline, the sludge discharge pipeline is provided with a stop valve, and the dirt extraction pipe is connected with a high-pressure blockage discharging pipe. The vacuum sludge discharge machine has the advantages that an inner and outer pressure difference is generated by the roots vacuum pump, and sludge is extruded and hoisted by atmosphere of the nature world, so that the energy consumption is low, the speed is high, and the sludge pumping efficiency is high; the entire vacuum sludge discharge machine is simple in structure, an old sludge tank is convenient to reform or a brand-new sludge tank can be installed, and the construction is convenient and does not need civil engineering construction or modification of the appearance and mechanisms of the sludge tank; the vacuum sludge discharge machine is provided with an automatic blockage discharging mechanism, and the operation mode of the vacuum sludge discharge machine can be conveniently switched; and the vacuum sludge discharge machine is not provided with any underwater movement mechanism, has a long service life and is free from maintenance.


This cohort study examines COVID-19 incidence rates in youths aged 0 to 19 before and after reopening schools in Israel.


We present the design, fabrication, and performance of high-speed oxide-confined 1030 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a short anti–waveguiding optical cavity. By using a half-wavelength cavity to enhance the limit of the optical field, the anti-waveguide design increases the oscillator strength, thus promoting high-speed modulation. We carefully optimized the multiple quantum wells and the doping profile in order to achieve high-speed operation. The developed VCSELs exhibit a modulation bandwidth exceeding 25.1 GHz at 25 °C, supporting back-to-back data rates up to 40 Gb/s under binary non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation.


In the analysis of a structure subjected to an explosion event, the determination of the blast load constitutes a crucial step. The effect of the blast load on the structure depends not only on the peak shock overpressure, but also the impulse (hence the duration). For structures with a regular geometry, the blast load may be fairly well estimated using appropriate empirical formulae; however, for more complex situations, a direct simulation using appropriate computational techniques is necessary. This paper presents a numerical simulation study on the prediction of the blast load in free air using a hydrocode, with focus on the sensitivity of the simulated blast load to the mesh grid size. The simulation results are compared with empirical predictions. It is found that the simulated blast load is sensitive to the mesh size, especially in the close-in range, and with a practically affordable mesh grid density, the blast load tends to be systematically underestimated. The study is extended to internal blast cases. An example concrete slab under internal explosion is analyzed using a coupled analysis scheme. The internal blast load from the simulation is examined and the response of the RC slab is commented.


In present article data about possible application of Kirlian effect in modelling of nonequilibrium conditions with the gas electric discharges, simulating primary atmosphere are submitted. Physical bases and methods of visualization of gas discharge in variable electric fields of high electric intensity and frequency (Kirlian effect) are considered. Data on research by Kirlian analysis and IR-spectroscopy of water samples of various origin and various degree of water purification and water processing, and also samples of hot mineral, sea and mountain water from various sources of Bulgaria are submitted.


. In this paper, using solvability theorems for matrix equations, generally applicable re- sults are proved for the existence of positive semide fi nite or asymptotically positive semide fi nite solution. In the following, a question about the matrix equation f ( A ) X + X f ( A ) = AB + BA is answered. This question was asked, fi rst by Chan and Kwong [6] and then by Furuta [7].


'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted on April 20, 1977, in Ritzville silt loam soil at Yakima, Washington. The native population of Colorado potato beetles present in the area was Mowed to infest the planting so a relatively uniform infestation of beetle adults and larvae was evident about July 1. On July 5, the test materials were each applied in 187 liters of spray/ha with a 2-row CO2 sprayer to plots 2 rows wide (1.7 m) and 7.6 m long. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Approximately 24 h after treatment (July 6) the foliage between the 2 treated rows was slightly brushed todislodge live Colorado potato beetles, and 1-sq-m area in each plot was searched for dead and live adults and larvae. Also on July 8 the potato plants in 1.5 m of row/plot were examined for live adults and larvae. The percent control was calculated, and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test.


Mo You-zhi,an eminent scholar of Guizhou in Qing Dynasty,has a clear perception of the history of Ci poetry in Guizhou,and his concept of Ci poetry is predicated upon the criticism of Ci poetry circle in the early Qing Dynasty,taking "Weiyue school"as an orthodox one,which advocates the "Qingkong"art style,demands rigid rule of rhyme and rhythm and enjoys moving charm.


This paper provides details on an initiative that includes acquisition of course management software (CMS) and a central server for use by faculty and students at eight colleges in central Kansas. The paper places the activities within the context of both national trends and a statewide faculty development initiative supported by the Kansas Independent College Association (KICA), a statewide organization whose members include 18 private institutions of higher education in Kansas. The paper provides information on implementation, usage statistics, and concludes by comparing what occurred against common recommendations for similar projects.


Metaplastic carcinoma is a rare form of breast carcinoma that belongs to spindle cell malign tumor group and manifest as a palpable mass. The patients have an age spectrum of 26-80 years old. Our case was 21 year old young woman presented with a mass lesion in her right breast.After the USG examination, fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) wa s performed. Because of suspected malign USG andFNAB results, the mass was excised totally. In pathologic examination by FNAB the mass has been diagnosed as fusiform cell proliferation. Histopathologically it was confirmed as spindle cell malign tumor/ sarcomatoid carcinoma. Since it is rarely seen antity and observed in the youngest patient in the scaned literature, we discussed the case with the literatural findings.


Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on psychiatric patients' suicidal behavior during hospitalization and to develop effective preventive measures.Methods A total of 1200 hospitalized patients were selected and divided into intervention group and control group,600 cases in each group.Intervention group adopted specific psychological nursing intervention,while control group adopted conventional care.Assessment was made with Suicide Attitude Questionnaire (QSA) before and two months after intervention.We compared and analyzed QSA scores of two groups.Results In intervention group,attitude dimension scores to people who committed suicide and their families were (2.82 ± 0.31),(2.94 ± 0.64) respectively after intervention,which were significantly higher than (2.25 ± 0.72),(2.17 ± 0.61) before intervention (P < 0.01).In control group,cognitive dimension score of the nature of suicide and.attitude dimension score on euthanasia were (2.78 ±-0.57),(2.91 ± 0.36) respectively,which were significantly lower than (3.53 ± 0.38),(3.69 ± 0.74) before intervention (P < 0.01).After intervention,scores in 4"aspects of intervention group were (3.93 ± 0.72),(2.82 ± 0.31),(2.94 ± 0.64),(3.85 ± 0.62) respectively,which were significantly higher than (2.78 ± 0.57),(2.12 ± 0.42),(2.31 t 0.48),(2.91 ± 0.36) of control group (P < 0.01).Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention can effectively prevent and avoid suicide of hospitalized psychiatric patients,and improve the quality and safety of nursing,worthy of promotion.

Key words:
Nursing intervention;  Psychiatric patients;  Suicide


The aim of this study is to determine the radon and natural radioactivity concentrations of some building materials and to assess the radiation hazard associated with those mortar materials when they are used in the construction of dwellings. Radon measurements were realized by using LR-115 Type 2 solid state nuclear track detectors. Radon activity concentrations of these materials were found to vary between 130.00 ± 11.40 and 1604.06 ± 40.5 Bq m−3. The natural radioactivity in selected mortar materials was analyzed by using scintillation gamma spectroscopy. The activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for the studied mortar materials ranged from ND to 48.5 ± 7.0 Bq kg−1, ND to 41.0 ± 6.4 Bq kg−1 and ND to 720.4 ± 26.8 Bq kg−1, respectively. Radium equivalent activities, external and internal hazard indexes, gamma and alpha indexes and absorbed gamma dose rates were calculated to assess the radiation hazard of the natural radioactivity in studied samples. The calculated Raeq values of all samples were found to be lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg−1 set for building materials. The estimated hazard index values were found to be under the unity and the absorbed dose rate values were also below the worldwide average of 84 nGy h−1.


AcknowledgmentsIntroduction 1. Admitting Guilt is Neither Common Nor Easy2. Interrupted Memories3. Different Strokes4. Divided Memories of World War II in the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies5. France and the Memory of Occupation6. Historical Reconciliation in the Northeast Asia7. Israelis and Germany after the Second World War8. Historical Memories and International Relations in Northeast Asia9. Divisive Historical Memories10. Guilt, Shame, Balts, Jews BibliographyContributorsIndex


There are many methods in design and modeling for computer experiments.For comparing different designs and modeling techniques we choose four true models in this paper that have been used in the literature.Four types of design with four different sizes and four modeling techniques are employed in our comparisons.Based on the comparison,some empirical conclusions are given,We believe that these comparisons can provide reference value in the uses of computer experiments.


low-density lipoprotein and increase oxidation of fatty acids (Fig. 1). Intriguingly, S1PR2 also activates the extracellular signal–regulated kinase and AKT signaling pathways, probably through epidermal growth factor receptor. Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and protein kinase Cf, a branch of the AKT pathway, is necessary for maximum induction of small heterodimer partner (SHP). Watanabe et al. reported that SHP represses sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, down-regulating fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis. Our study indicated that S1PR2 may function to both increase output of lipids from the liver and decrease lipid synthesis through farnesoid X receptor–SHP induction. Also, S1PR2 appears to help coordinately regulate glucose metabolism as bile acids have been shown to be as potent as insulin in activating AKT and glycogen synthase and down-regulating gluconeogenesis genes. In a feed/fast cycle, conjugated bile acids returning from the intestines probably rapidly activate sphingosine kinase 2, which is required for the induction of genes involved in lipid metabolism and secretion through an epigenetic mechanism. Activation of AKT:pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase:protein kinase Cf increases the phosphorylation of farnesoid X receptor and allows maximal induction of SHP, a nuclear receptor involved in repressing genes by associating with other nuclear receptors (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a, liver X receptor, others) and possibly chromatin modifying cofactors. Hence, S1PR2 may play a role in both the induction and the repression of hepatic gene expression, depending upon the time in the feed/ fast cycle. Inflammation, which inhibits the insulin signaling pathway (AKT), may disrupt these tightly regulated metabolic regulatory mechanisms, allowing for lipid accumulation and increased risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.


Plant breeders utilize directed selection and transgenics to produce novel cultivars of diploid and polyploid species. DNA sequence is clearly important in these processes, but growing evidence implicates epigenetics as an important factor in controlling genetic variation and gene/transgene expression. In this article, we focus on epigenetic variation defined as mitotically and meiotically heritable but reversible states of gene expression that are not conditioned by differences in DNA sequence. We summarize mechanisms underlying epigenetic states of expression, and discuss implications of epigenetics in cultivar


By critical consensus, Robert Beverley's History and Present State of Virginia (London, 1705) (1) deserves to be ranked as a "minor but genuine American classic," (2) not only because of its content, which includes numerous attacks upon a series of self-seeking, tyrannical royal governors and many almost lyrical passages in praise of the Southern landscape, (3) but also, and perhaps even more important, because of its style. There are, it is true, several earlier American books written in a plain prose, most notably William Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation, (4) but Beverley's is the first which seems to insist upon its Americanness. In his preface, Beverley distinguishes between French and English historical styles, predictably preferring English simplicity, and then creates his own third category, which, he implies, is both plainer and more faithful to fact than either European tradition. "I am an Indian," he writes, "and don't pretend to be exact in my Language" (p. 9). He hopes readers will excuse the "Plainness of my dress" (9) and reminds us that "Truth desires only to be understood, and never affects the Reputation of being finely equipp'd. It depends upon its own intrinsick Value, and, like Beauty, is rather conceal'd, than set off, by Ornament" (9). If the aphorism here is readily recognizable as a commonplace of European critical thinking about the relationship of truth to simplicity, the Indian persona which Beverley adopts, whatever ironic or defensive reasons may also underlie the claim, (5) seems to point toward a desire to promulgate some sort of distinctly American literary manifesto. What does Beverley mean to say, and what are the implications of his pose for the book he has written? I In order to advance answers to these and other questions, we need first of all to establish what Beverley is not saying and what we need not look for in the History. One thing we should not expect of the book, contrary to David F. Hawke's assertion, is an "American vernacular" comparable to the language of Mark Twain. (6) The vernacular style has never been fully defined and perhaps never will be to everyone's satisfaction, but among its salient characteristics is an outlandish and unusual vocabulary, words which call attention to themselves by virtue of their uniqueness and, in some instances at least, their power to shock the sensibilities of the genteel reader. But Beverley does not employ this kind of vocabulary, except in clearly defined reportorial contexts. (7) His lexicon is precisely that of any educated English gentleman of his period and has about it very little local, regional, or native coloring. Indeed, given Beverley's purposes, it could hardly be otherwise. Like his brother-in-law, William Byrd II of Westover, he wrote to correct prevalent English misconceptions not only about Virginia but also about Virginians. He sought to project an image of the cultivated Virginian, and it is difficult to see how this intention could have been served by a vocabulary which featured non-standard or colloquial usages. (8) The cultural milieu in which he wrote accepted the use of proper English as one of the definitive distinctions between the cultivated and the uncultivated, the aristocrat and the masses; he had inherited an attitude toward the vernacular according to which only vulgar or comic characters spoke the language of the "people," and he had to operate within these stylistic conventions if one of the main goals of the History were to be realized. (9) When we transfer our attention from generalizations such as these to the text of the History itself, the results are the same. Beyond the simple matter of vocabulary, vernacular prose is characterized by several important structural attributes: a tendency toward fragmentation and incompleteness of thought, not to say occasional incoherence, which is brought on by the high-lighting of individual words or word groups in syntactic isolation and by the technique of incremental repetition for the purposes of definition. …


Based on the review of domestic studies on the design and orientation of tourism image and the analysis of natural resources,historical and cultural resources,this paper argues that the tourism image of Dingyuan County could be positioned as "Wandong's pearl,Colorful Dingyuan".Because the tour programming of Dingyuan County is a typical county programming,the design for the tourism image should focus on operability.The paper pays more attention to the design for tourism advertising theme and the visual identity system.Based on designing the tourism image,there is still need to design all kinds of tourism products centering on the theme image,advertise and promote the tourism image to the target market,and make use of a variety of public relations to popularize and update the tourism image.


To study the repeated stretch property of polyurethane filament,this paper conducts repeated stretch test on polyurethane filament with fineness 33.3 dtex using electronic monofilament strength tester under different specified elongation rates and different stretch times,and then,analyses the testing indexes and establishs the regression equations.The analysis shows that,when the specified elongation rate of polyurethane filament is low,the increase of stretch times does not have significant damage on flexible material polyurethane filament.Compared to the effect of increasing stretch times,increasing the specified elongation rate has much more significant effects on the change of elastic property of polyurethane filament.It is recommended to repeated stretch property index of specified elongation rate 300% ~ 400% in product inspection of polyurethane filament and control the specified elongation rate within 300% ~ 400% in the use process so as to ensure the stability of product quality in later use process.


Excerpt The hypotension that is produced in various mammalian species by the administration of gram-negative bacterial endotoxin represents a model for the shock seen in some patients with overwhel...


We describe the use of alerito, the larva of the Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), by the Jivi (Guajibo) community of Alcabala de Guajibo, Amazonas, Venezuela. The Indians gather the palm worms from damaged or fallen palm stems and eat them raw or roasted. We analysed the nutrient composition of the palm worm and found that it is an excellent source of protein, vitamins A and E, and minerals. We further describe the development of a local, controlled small‐scale palm worm production system for use by the Indians in the Amazon. Larvae are bred using wild palm materials and traditional Indian plants. The larval survival and density in each palm substrate is analysed together with the larvae's nutritional composition, and comparison with the mother palms cucurito (Maximiliana maripa), seje (Jessenia bataua) and moriche (Mauritia flexuosa) is made. Finally, the palatability of the palm worm to non‐Amerindian tourists is assessed. The nutrient composition of the palm worm, the simplicity of a more controlled local production system and the acceptability of the palm worm to tourists make this non‐conventional resource promising both as a nutritional food and as a source of cash income for the Indians.


A silver mirror can be deposited on many types of surfaces from the reduction of the silver−diammine complex by a reducing sugar as proposed by Kemp in this Journal. Three extensions of Kemp's demonstration that highlight the role of SnCl2 sensitizer in the deposition of a silver mirror on surfaces are presented. The demonstration extensions can be easily modified for audience participation. The results are visually striking and the silver-coated surfaces formed can be kept as decorations. The demonstrations can be used to reinforce diverse concepts such as complex formation, oxidation−reduction reactions, carbonyl and carbohydrate chemistry, nanoscale structures, and use of one-way mirrors in forensics.


Over the past decade the Irish government has invested intensively in a large national motorway network. One benefit of this investment is that intercity travel has become considerably cheaper and quicker by car than by any other mode. The main objective of this research was to identify and examine the barriers to sustainable intercity transportation in Ireland. The majority of sustainable transportation research has occurred in an urban context; little research has focused on understanding the factors that encourage alternative modes for intercity trips. A stated preference study was conducted to determine which factors affect individuals' mode choice for an intercity trip. The results of this paper demonstrated that several factors affected individuals' mode choice for an intercity trip; the main factor was the requirement to have a car in the destination city.


Gasparyan sketches a semiotic theory where world, mind and language - the latter a stand-in for all semiosis - collapse into one "recursive" whole. In contrast, cognitive semiotics …


Several reports concerning outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) document that measures of inflammatory activity [such as swollen joint count, tender joint count, and acute phase reactant, which are included in the Core Data Set or Disease Activity Score (DAS)] may be stable or improved over 5-10 years, while measures of damage (such as radiographic progression and joint deformity) may show contemporaneous progression. Therefore, studies which include only improvement in measures of disease activity cannot document overall improvement in patient status over 5-10 years. Studies designed to document favorable long-term effects of therapy in RA must include, at baseline and later follow-up evaluation, measures of damage, such as a radiograph, joint deformity, comorbidities, and extra-articular disease, in addition to measures of disease activity. The one prognostic measure which appears to detect both activity and damage in RA over short, intermediate, and long periods is a disability score on a patient questionnaire, which might be used by all rheumatologists at all patient encounters. The need for inclusion of accurate and relevant measures of damage appears of particular importance in the current era of biological drugs, in which the slowing or prevention of damage now appears a realistic goal in most patients with RA.


Introduction A Brief Historical Perspective on Sex-Difference Research Using Scientific Method to Study Sex and Gender Are Boys Better Than Girls at Math? Sex Differences in Spatial Abilities Do Females Have Better Verbal Abilities Than Males? Modern Research about Sex Differences in the Brain Do Hormones Make the Woman-or the Man? Sexuality The Myth of Women's Masochism Should Relational Abilities Be Called "Dependency"? Sex Differences in Aggression Mother-Blame Breaking the Cycle of Bias: Becoming an Informed Judge of Research


Coal oxidation is a natural phenomenon, It may begin in the pit itself or during the operations of extraction, preparation, transportation and storage. A fresh coal is more reactive to oxygen than a weathered coal i.e. it is more liable to spontaneous heating. To see the rate of decrease in the oxidation rate, first coal samples were taken and three samples were prepared from each sample. First sample was same as the sample taken while the second sample was obtained by oxidizing the sample at 200 degree C for 1 day. Third sample was obtained by oxidizing the coal at 200 degree C for 3 day. Then susceptibility of each of these samples were checked by crossing point temperature method, differential thermal analysis and wet oxidation potential method. For the experimentation purpose total of 15 samples were taken. Among these 6 samples were from SECL, 2 samples were from MCL, 2 samples were from CCL, 3 samples were from SCCL. 2 samples were collected from Indonesia to compare it's characteristics with the Indian coals. The intrinsic property of both the fresh and oxidized coal was determined by proximate analysis. Similarly susceptibility of both fresh and oxidized coal to spontaneous heating was calculated by crossing point temperature and wet oxidation potential.From the experimental results it was found that the volatile matter content of the coal increases as the sample is oxidized while the liability of the coal to spontaneous heating decreases with oxidation. For coals with high fixed carbon content the change in liability of spontaneous heating is significant even after 1 day oxidation. While in case of coals with low fixed carbon content the change in liability of spontaneous heating is not too significant. It is expected that finding of this work will help in deciding whether to adopt any precautionary measures for oxidized coals.


We show that the base spaces of the semiuniversal unfoldings of some weighted homogeneous singularities can be identified with moduli spaces of A∞$A_\infty$ ‐structures on the trivial extension algebras of the endomorphism algebras of the tilting objects. The same algebras also appear in the Fukaya categories of their mirrors. Based on these identifications, we discuss applications to homological mirror symmetry for Milnor fibers, and give a proof of homological mirror symmetry for an n$n$ ‐dimensional affine hypersurface of degree n+2$n+2$ and the double cover of the n$n$ ‐dimensional affine space branched along a degree 2n+2$2n+2$ hypersurface. Along the way, we also give a proof of a conjecture of Seidel (Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, 2002) which may be of independent interest.


THERE is considerable evidence of an increased rate of epidermal eell jiroduction in psoriasis. Histologically there is acanthosis and a greater number of mitoses compared with non-]).soriatic skin (Helwig. 1958 ; Lever, HHil), Biochemical analysis of psoriatie epidermis has shown that the RNA (ribonucleic iu-itl) pcrgi-am of tissue is greater than in normal ejiidermis. which again suggests increased epidermal cellular activity (Hodgson. IU05). There are few reports in the literature of mitotic counts in psoriatic epidermis. Van Scott and Ekel (I ft()3) who have recently counted the number of epidermal cells in mitosis in the involved and uninvolved skin of psoriatie subjects, showed that the number of mitotic cells per unit surface area of e])idermis was twenty-seven times greater in the diseased than in the uninvolved skin. Sinee DNA synthesis oeeupies a greater proj)ortion of the cell cycle than mitosis (Howard and Pele. 1053 : Lajtha et at.. 1954 ; Hornsey and Howard, 195() ; Quastler and Sherman, 1959) it consequently offers a better means of assessing the number of eells engaged in reproduetion. A comparison has therefore been made of the projiortion of epidermal cells in DNA synthesis in normal and psoriatic skin.


The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between the various types of activities occurring in domestic space and the resident's characteristics in Belgium. Data for this study was collected by questionnaires mailed to 133 staff member. both academic and administrative. working at The Free University of Brussels. a university serving the Dutch speaking community in Belgium. General leneal model and Duncan test were used in analyzing the data. The major findings of the study can be summarized as follows: First. families in the life-cycle stage of having no children are more likely to relax and watch T.V. and do housework in the master bedroom than those in the launching stage. Families in the life-cycle stage of elementary school are more likely to eat meals in the kitchen than those in the launching period. Second. families made up two members and under tend to do more housework in the master bedroom than those of three and over. Third. those with aged 30 and under are more likely to relax and watch T.V., and to do housework in the master bedroom than those with aged 51 and over. Forth. the renter status of homeownership tend to more relax and watch T.V., and to do housework in the master bedroom than the owner Fifth. those living with less floor space tend to relax and watch T.V. in the master bedroom more than those with larger residences.


We investigate the capacity behavior of an OFDM wireless link for the frequency selective MIMO channel with correlated paths. The derivation is based on a particular channel model that characterizes path correlation as well as spatial correlation. As in the case of spatial correlation, path correlation can reduce capacity. If there is no channel knowledge at the transmitter, the capacity reduction of an OFDM based system due to path correlation can be explained in terms of the effective SNR at each tone. With spatial and path correlation information at the transmitter, we derive the optimal space-frequency precoder at every tone by numerical optimization techniques. We propose a sub-optimal precoding scheme with lower complexity which leads to a tight lower bound of the capacity of the OFDM system.


Marine oils are obtained from the flesh of fatty fish, liver of lean white fish, and blubber of marine mammals. Although lipids from marine fish have been used as food and medicine, traditional uses of blubber lipids of marine mammals were mostly industrially oriented, except for Innus and Eskimos. Marine mammal oils were lubricants or "train" oils as well as fuel and used for lighting. However, recent research findings on the importance of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA) in human health have opened new channels for their value-added use in food and pharmaceutical industries. During the last three decades, it has been established that Greenland Eskimos living on their traditional diet have a lower incidence of coronary heart disease than do Danes living on a western-style diet. It has been recognized that polyunsaturated fatty acids could be useful in controlling serum triacylglycerols, but the fatty acids provided by the food industry were often of the ω6 family.

Keywords:

marine mammal oil;
fish oil;
triacylglycerols;
omega-3 fatty acids;
docosapentaenoic acid;
eicosapentaenoic acid;
docosahexaenoic acid


This paper presents a digitally controlled delay insertion unit (DIU) for precise dead-time insertion in DC-DC converters. A fundamental building block is the 100MHz relaxation oscillator with better than +/-1% frequency accuracy in the temperature range from -40C to +150C, which is introduced for the first time with such accuracy in this frequency range. The DIU is capable of up to 32ns delay generation with 500ps step size. It is implemented in 130nm CMOS, occupies 0.098mm2 and consumes 0.45mW in ultra-low power mode.


It is with the implementation of learning forms in developing children's language during bold learning at the Karya Kindergarten in Padang City which has a unique form of learning activity in developing children's language so that children develop their language well even with a bold learning process. This study aims to see the description of the implementation of bold learning in developing children's language. This research is descriptive by using qualitative data so that the research results obtained through observation and interviews with informants. The results of the research in general show that in the implementation of bold learning in developing children's language at the Karya Kindergarten in the City of Padang, the teacher has prepared a Daily Learning Implementation Plan and after that it is used in the form of learning activities assisted by parents at home through storytelling and habituation methods and the media used is an android phone to record and take photos of children's writings as well as the whatapps application as a tool to send video and image results to class teachers through whatapps groups and every day the teacher will assess aspects of children's language development through videos and the results of these images.


The analysis of mobile phone diffusion process has an important role for additional development of mobile networks. This paper provides results comparison of mostly used Bass diffusion model to forecast diffusion speed of mobile telephony subscriptions with two popular time series methods (Iterative and Direct methods) for predicting future values, which use explicit relationships between demand and various determining factors. Our goal is to estimate time to reach the saturation level at Serbian mobile market. The obtained results may be a useful managerial tool to analyze diffusion shape of the forthcoming generations of mobile telephony as well as for building appropriate strategic plans for necessary supporting network infrastructure in Serbia.


This paper briefly introduced frequency timing technique,played emphases on the analysis of energy-saving effect of frequency timing appliances contracted to that of control valve regulation,and compared the run cycle of the pump before applying these appliances with that after doing them,also did the energy-saving benefit adopting control valve regulation with that doing frequency timing regulation.In addition,it analyzed the influence of different control schemes upon the energy-saving effect.


Abstract : Over the last ten years, the Chemistry Division of the Naval Research Laboratory has been funded by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program to develop vehicular and airborne systems for the detection of unexploded ordnance. A significant component of these programs was the development of a prototype Data Analysis System (DAS). The DAS software provided the utilities required for data reduction, physics-based target analyses, and generation of prioritized dig sheets. The prototype DAS was used successfully in the development and demonstration of the phases of these projects, but the prototype software posed obstacles with respect to commercialization of the MTADS technology. The objective of this project was to transfer the AMTADS DAS utilities to a commercially available geophysical data processing environment to facilitate the commercialization of the AMTADS technology. This report describes the results of that migration effort.


Objective To investigate correlative immune mechanism of combined instillation of BCG and IL-2 in the prophylaxis of recurrence of bladder cancer.Methods 44 female wistar rats were divided into control group,combination of IL-2 plus BCG group, BCG alone group and mitomycin group.The following was carried out on each group:periodic intravesieal instillation,removal of the bladder and collection of urine after the animal was put to death.Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the quantity of DC and the density of urine IL-2 was examined by ELISA,and the change of DC and urine IL-2 were observed.Results The average amount of DC: combination oflL-2 and BCG group(28.3±8.0 CDS/HPF),BCG alone group(16.6±5.9 CDS/HPF),mitomycin group(43CDS/HPF), control group(4.8±3.4 CDS/HPF);the density of urine IL-2:combination of IL-2 and BCG group(87.5±30.4 ng/L),BCG alone group (58.7±20 ng/L)and mitomycin group(35.9±9.6 ng/L),control group(35.7±11.3 ng/L).Conclusions The results suggested that intravesical instillation of a combination of IL-2 and BCG could improve the immunological reaction and synergistic effect.


Prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, malaria, caused by the parasite Plasmodium affects over 200 million people yearly. One widely used antimalarial is the antifolate pyrimethamine. However, previous research has shown that specific point mutations in the parasite's genome leads to higher pyrimethamine resistance, and a genetically fitter allele. Using pharmacokinetic theory, we model a clinically realistic dynamic environment of pyrimethamine. Population genetics gives us a framework to analyze the evolutionary implications of this dynamic environment. We discover that the fitness peak alleles change under this clinically realistic dynamic environment than previously observed in past literature. Thus, we observe that other measures of fitness like IC50 obscure evolutionary nuances in the case of pyrimethamine. Finally, we model the evolutionary implications of changing drug dosage schedule and patient non-compliance.


It is one of hot topic in the scientific and engineering research area that analyzing, processing and feature extracting nonlinear and nonstationary data. To break the limit of linearity and stationarity assumption in traditional data, a novel, highly effective, adaptive nonlinear and nonstationary data analysis method called Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is proposed in last decade. In this review, the basic idea of this method and the recent development, summarize the applications in various engineering research areas are introduced and the related mathematical problems are discussed.


Modern automated systems for residential premises energy resources control (in particular Smart House systems) include electric load switching devices, mainly performing AC switching of the power supply network (~220V, 50 Hz, 16 A). This class of devices is designed for the remote control of electrical loads (on/off, as well as to perform autonomous operation of the system according to the specified scenario. The article discusses various methods of switching electrical loads of residential premises by electromechanical and semiconductor devices, which are most widely used today. The paper presents their comparative analysis and the identified shortcomings of each type of switching devices. The process of electric arc formation at the moments of electromechanical devices switching is considered. Modern versions of protection or reduction of influence from electric arc occurrence in electromechanical switching devices leading to contact erosion are presented. The impact of a specific type of electrical load on the life of an electromechanical relay is discussed. Modern semiconductor elements for switching loads in AC networks are presented, as well as methods of reducing electromagnetic interference in the network during their use. Promising solutions of simistors of "Snabberles" line are considered, which reduce the total cost of the end product and reduce its mass-dimensional indicators. The proposed method of switching electric loads of residential premises is based on combining advantages of electromechanical relays and semiconductor devices.


In this study,the parent fish of Schizothorax biddulphi Gunther were collected from the Aksu River and Kizil Reservoir.The fish were used for artificial hastening parturition,fertilization,hatching and fry breeding according to their sexual maturity.8 groups of the fish were mature when the fish were collected,and 1.30 × 104 eggs were directly obtained from them.22 groups of the fish were hastened for parturition,13 female fish spawned,and the hastening parturition rate was 59.1%.1.18 × 105 eggs were produced by the 22 groups of the fish.1.31 × 105 eggs were obtained finally,and the fertilizing rate varied in a range from 72% to 85%.Most oosperms hatched out of membrane after 4-5 days at water temperature of 14-19 ℃.8.60 × 104 fries were produced,and the hatching rate varied in a range from 65% to 98%.The newly-hatched fries began to swim and eat after 6 days.


The accuracy of global methods such as the differential quadrature (DQ) approach is usually sensitive to the grid point distribution. This paper is to numerically study the effect of grid point distribution on the accuracy of DQ solution for beams and plates. It was found that the stretching of grid towards the boundary can improve the accuracy of DQ solution, especially for coarse meshes. The optimal grid point distribution (corresponding to optimal stretching parameter) depends on the order of derivatives in the boundary condition and the number of grid points used. The optimal grid distribution may not be from the roots of orthogonal polynomials. This differs somewhat from the conventional analysis. This paper also proposes a simple and effective formulation for stretching the grid towards the boundary. The error distribution of derivative approximation is also studied, and used to analyze the effect of grid point distribution on accuracy of numerical solutions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In relational databases the number of disk accesses depends on the amount of data transferred from disk to main memory for processing the transactions. N-ary vertical partitioning of the relation can often result in a decrease in the number of disk accesses, since not all attributes in a tuple are required by each transactions. In this paper, a 0-1 integer programming model for solving n-ary vertical partitioning problem minimizing the number of disk accesses is formulated and a branch-and-bound method is used to solve it. A preprocessing procedure reducing the number of variables is presented. The algorithm is illustrated with numerical examples and is shown to be computationally efficient. Numerical experiments reveal that the proposed method is more effective in reducing access costs than the existing algorithms.


In the past 15 years rapid advances have been made in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of diaphragmatic hernia, particularly the acquired oesophageal type. The masterly elucidation of the entire subject by Barrett (1950), Allison (1951), Sweet (1952), and others has been responsible for raising this subject from the realm of a surgical curiosity to the forefront as a subject of great surgical interest, occasionally beset with problems of the utmost difficulty. Allison and Sweet prefer the transthoracic approach because it is easier to repair the hiatus from the thorax. Though the superiority of the transthoracic over the abdominal approach to the hiatus is generally recognized, the presence of associated lesions in the upper abdominal cavity is, in the opinion of many, a valid reason for the abdominal approach. We are of the opinion that the most satisfactory approach to the hiatus is the transthoracic subdiaphragmatic approach, as introduced by Logan, which fulfils the two essential criteria of free access to the upper abdomen and easy access to the diaphragmatic hiatus and thoracic cavity. In the Newcastle, England, Regional Cardiothoracic Unit, during the period 1951-64, a series of 800 patients with symptoms of reflux oesophagitis were investigated and treated. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new approach to the hiatus and to discuss the clinical features, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and results in this series.


Abstract Directive 2008/96/EC on road infrastructure safety management requires the establishment and implementation of procedures relating to road safety impact assessments (RSIA), road safety audits (RSA), ranking of high accident concentration sections and network safety ranking (NSR) and road safety inspections (RSI). The aim of this article is to present the outputs of BALTRIS project. The goal of the international project BALTRIS is to elaborate the road and street infrastructure safety management procedures and teaching material consistently explaining the above mentioned infrastructure management procedures. Four Baltic Sea region countries (Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), represented by universities and national road administrations participate in the elaboration of these procedures and teaching material. This article describes the scope of NSR, RSA and RSI procedures prepared in the frame of BALTRIS project, also article provides detailed implementation and execution of procedures for t...


This paper describes a prototype disambiguation module, KANKEI, which was tested on two corpora of the TRAINS project. In ambiguous verb phrases of form V ... NP PP or V ... NP adverb(s), the two corpora have very different PP and adverb attachment patterns; in the first, the correct attachment is to the VP 88.7% of the time, while in the second, the correct attachment is to the NP 73.5% of the time. KANKEI uses various n-gram patterns of the phrase heads around these ambiguities, and assigns parse trees (with these ambiguities) a score based on a linear combination of the frequencies with which these patterns appear with NP and VP attachments in the TRAINS corpora. Unlike previous statistical disambiguation systems, this technique thus combines evidence from bigrams, trigrams, and the 4-gram around an ambiguous attachment. In the current experiments, equal weights are used for simplicity but results are still good on the TRAINS corpora (92.2% and 92.4% accuracy). Despite the large statistical differences in attachment preferences in the two corpora, training on the first corpus and testing on the second gives an accuracy of 90.9%.


We made color change experiments by utilizing a dichromatic reflection model. Also, we compare our method with a method based on HSI (hue, saturation, and intensity). The experimental results show that the method based on the dichromatic method is more effective. However, it is difficult for the method based on HSI to deal with the saturation contrast. In addition, through experimental research on how to maintain uniformity of subjective color difference between the object and background when changing color, we obtain an algorithm which uses the reference point to determine the amplitude value of the new color vector. Our color change method is easily realized.


Since birth of the world's first "test-tube baby",human assisted reproductive technology(ART) has experienced 30-year development.The success rate of ART has been improved significantly along with continuous optimalization in culture conditions of gametes and embryos.ART has become one of optimal treatments of infertility.In recent years,a series of related assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro oocyte maturation(IVM),preimplantation genetic diagnosis(PGD),single embryo transfer and gamete and embyo freezing and frost thawing technology have been developed,which provides possibilities to reduce cost and risk of routine in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET).This paper viewed progress in clinical and experimental researches on ART.


© 2005 American Institute of Physics, S-0031-9228-0511-020-5 T science community needs to change science education to make it effective and relevant for a much larger fraction of the student population than in the past. This need is the result of significant changes in the environment and society over the past several decades. First, society now faces critical global-scale issues that are fundamentally technical in nature—for example, climate change, genetic modification, and energy supply. Only a far more scientifically and technically literate citizenry can make wise decisions on such issues. Second, modern economies are so heavily based on technology that having a better understanding of science and technology and better technical problem-solving skills will enhance a person's career aspirations almost independent of occupation. Furthermore, a modern economy can thrive only if it has a workforce with high-level technical understanding and skills. As a community, we must now ask ourselves, "How successfully are we educating all students in science?" This objective is very different from in the past, when the goal of science education was primarily to train only the tiny fraction of the population that would become future scientists. The new, broader educational need does not eliminate the need to educate future generations of scientists. However, improving science education for all students is likely to produce more and better-educated scientists and engineers. This claim is supported by data showing that the fraction of students who complete a physical science major in college is determined more by the students' ability to tolerate traditional physical science instruction than by their ability to do science.1 For a variety of reasons, the physics community should and can take the lead in providing an effective and relevant science education for all students. Moreover, this is in their enlightened self-interest. A better-educated citizenry would better appreciate the value of supporting physics research. But what specifically do we mean by effective physics instruction? It is instruction that changes the way students think about physics and physics problem solving and causes them to think more like experts—practicing physicists.2 Experts see the content of physics as a coherent structure of general concepts that describe nature and are established by experiment, and they use systematic concept-based problem-solving approaches that are applicable to a wide variety of situations. Most people ("novices") see physics more as isolated pieces of information handed down by some authority and unrelated to the real world. To novices, "learning" physics simply means memorization of information and of problem-solving recipes that apply to highly specific situations.2


Liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) are the technology of choice for the MicroBooNE experiment [1], as well as other current and future experiments, because of their ability to scale to kiloton masses while maintaining precision tracking and calorimetry. One of the ways this scability is achieved is through the use of wire planes instrumented with charge sensitive electronics to detect the ionization left behind by charged particle tracks. Wire plane readout allows the number of electronics channels to scale with the linear dimension of the detector, significantly reducing the costs when compared to potential solutions directly capturing 2D position information (e.g. with "pixel"-based readouts). While there is promising R&D to perform pixel readout in a cost-effective manner, currently, wire planes are the most common readout approach used in current LArTPCs, and will be the technology used for the first DUNE far detector module. The disadvantage to wire planes, however, is that they record tomographic projections of the charge locations. To recover the 3D information of the actual path of a particle through the detector, one must find a way to associate charge recorded on a wire at a given time to charge on a wire from a different plane. This is often a problem with large degeneracies.


The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is commonly used as a standard for data interchange on the web.  Due to the current big data era, its size is prone to increase drastically. In order to speed up the large RDF data query, we propose a novel RDF data representation along with the RDF query algorithm utilizing GPU processing. We also present the representation that is suitable for RDF data and GPU processing, the indexing approach, the querying process in the GPU and other techniques that increase the efficiency such as pre-upload filtering, ID assignment by using the term similarity of term vector, and dimensional reduction to transform back to term ID. The experiments show that the developed framework utilizes the storage only 1/6 of the original one and can reduce the querying time. The speedup obtained can be up to 29.57 when compared with the RDF-3X system and 45.23 when compared to using gStore, a graph data store.