Three hundred and twenty four one day old mixed sex broiler chicks were assigned at random into 9 treatment groups. The experimental design was a 3×3 factorial arrangement. During the starter period (week 1-3), chicks were fed ad libitum. A corn- soybean meal based diet contained 23% crude protein, 3,200 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (NRC, 1994), and supplemented with organic or inorganic forms of chromium. Two organic chromium products, chromium yeast (Cr-Yeast from Alltech Biotechnology Corporation Limited) and chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic) were supplemented at the rate of 200, 400 and 800 ppb. One inorganic product, chromium chloride, was supplemented at the rate of 200, 400 and 800 ppb. During the finishing period (week 4-7), the corn-soybean meal based diet contained 20% crude protein, 3,200 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (NRC, 1994), and the same levels of chromium as in the starter period were added. No significant difference was observed among treatment groups in average daily gain, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality. The carcass percentage of broilers receiving 200 and 400 ppb organic chromium (Cr-Yeast or Cr- Pic) was significantly increased (p<0.01). In addition, the supplementation of organic chromium reduced (p<0.05) breast meat fat content but increased breast meat protein content. The addition of chromium in the diet had no effect on boneless breast, skinless boneless breast, boneless leg, skinless boneless leg but reduced percentage of sirloin muscle. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced by organic Cr supplementation. Supplementation with 200 and 400 ppb of both Cr-Yeast and Cr-Pic showed the lowest total cholesterol. The effects of type of Cr on HDL and LDL were variable, however, LDL increased with increasing level of Cr supplementation. This trial indicates that organic chromium tended to improve growth performances and carcass composition, reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides. The optimum level of organic chromium supplementation was at 200 ppb. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 11 : 1628-1633)


This paper aims to explore the concept of forest governance practices at site level in Indonesia. It carried out content analysis by analyzing governmental regulations and related case studies from various authors. Indonesia recognizes four kinds of forest governance at site level such as hutan tanaman rakyat , hutan desa , hutan kemasyarakatan and kemitraan . All forms need local community involvement. The former three have connection with government, meanwhile the latter involves forest-related license. Some studies show their positive impact not only for community livelihoods but also for forest ecosystem. However, the common problems emerged from these implementations are characterized by weak local capability and bureaucratic process.


Background: The new energy saving windows with heat-reflecting shields are well known, but for their practical use, they need to be integrated into the automated heat supply control systems of buildings and should be efficient according to the standard energy-saving procedures. Materials and methods: The study was based on the results of field tests of windows with heat-reflective shields in a certified climate chamber. The results were processed by the methods of mathematical statistics. Multivariant calculations of energy efficient windows performance in the heating of buildings were carried out using the Mathcad software. Results: We have developed a method to determine the minimum indoor air temperature under standby heating with heat-reflective shields in the windows as well as a multifunctional energy-efficient shutter with a solar battery and an automated heat supply control system using heat-reflecting screens. Conclusions: Windows with heat-reflecting screens and a solar battery have a triple power-saving effect: reduced heat losses during the heating season due to increased window resistance, lower cost of heating buildings due to lowering of indoor ambient temperature, and electric power generation.


CHRONOBIOLOGYIn recent years, biologists have made significant progress in understanding the biochemical gears and springs that keep organisms' internal clocks running, largely by identifying a handful of genes that appear key to the process in a few animal and plant species. Now, a team at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, has come up with the first evidence that some of these genes may have been conserved over the course of evolution, indicating that universal mechanisms across all species might keep the clock ticking.


The Paediatric Hospital Bambino GesuÁ was founded in 1869 by the Roman family Salviati and subsequently (1924) donated to the Holy See. The Hospital is a non-pro® t organization, directly managed by the Secretary of the Vatican State. The Institute has its Head OYce in Rome, with branches spread all over the regional territory (Palidoro, Santa Marinella). The Paediatric Hospital Bambino GesuÁ has gradually expanded and now has 650 paediatric beds available, which makes it the largest multidisciplinary research hospital in Italy caring for infants and children. There are now 2144 people working at the Paediatric Hospital Bambino GesuÁ , including 457 medical doctors, 100 of whom are under paediatric training of holders of a research post-doctoral fellowship. Since 1985 it has been recognized by the Italian Ministry of Health as a Scienti® c Institute of Research with Care Characteristics (IRCCS). In the late 1980s the publication of several case studies, innovative diagnostic and therapeutic protocols and guidelines implied that a leading role is played by this Hospital in Italy. The traditional description of the clinical and research activity of Paediatric Hospital Bambino GesuÁ claims that cardiology and developmental neuroscience have been developed more extensively, while being exposed to international standards. However, this is also true as regards several other paediatric specialities:


SACHs, R. M., A. LANG, C. F. BRETZ and JOAN ROACH. (U. California, Los Angeles.) Shoot histogenesis: subapical meristematic activity in a caulescent plant and the action of gibberellic acid and Amo-1618. Amer. Jour. Bot. 47(4): 260-266. Illus. 1960.-Studies on gibberellininduced stem formation in rosette plants (Sachs et al. 1959) have shown that a zone of intensive meristematic activity, arising below the existing apical meristem, is almost solely responsible for stem histogenesis, i.e., the formation of the cells constituting the elongate stem. An extensive subapical zone of meristematic activity is also present in caulescent plants, such as Chlrysanthemum morifolium. Amo-1618 ([4-hydroxy-5 isopropyl-2 methylphenyl] trimethylammonium chloride, I-piperidine carboxylate) completely inhibits subapical meristematic activity in chrysanthemum, causing the plants to assume a dwarfed, rosette-like habit of growth. Gibberellic acid, applied either simultaneously, or following the Amo-1618 treatinent, completely prevents or reverses the effect of Amo-1618, making the plants retain or resume their normal growth habit. Amo-1618 and gibberellic acid have relatively little effect upon the activity of the apical meristem of Chrysanthemum. Thus, while the apical meristem proper (euor promeristem) is the site of shoot organization and the ultimate source of the cells of the entire shoot, the subapical zone of division, termed the subapical meristem, is largely responsible for stem histogenesis in caulescent as well as in rosette plants. Gibberellins, or native, gibberellin-like suibstanices appear to reg-ulate the activity of the subapical meristem and thus to play an important role in shoot development. Amo-1618 and related compounds seem to exert their dwarfing effect in plants by acting as antagonists of gibberellins, at least with respect to the latters' function in regulating the subapical meristematic activity in the shoot.


The present installed capacity of hydropower, worldwide, is nearly 400,000 megawatts which provides approximately 25 percent of the electricity generated. Extensive studies of the 86-Nation World Energy Conference estimate that by the year 2020 the amount of hydropower will increase three to four times. However, the advantages of hydropower greatly increases its relative importance. Hydropower development is affected by technology, economic and environmental impacts, other needs and uses of water, and social factors including legal and political considerations. Major developments require large multidiscipline organizations and objective and extensive planning. Some of the developments now underway are discussed. The present worldwide activity is impressive as is the technology transfer. Training programs underway are important.


The great significance of boosting the design of percolating nanopore structures in block copolymers (BCPs) for varied use cases has been widely demonstrated in the past several decades. However, it still remains challenging to prepare the desired porous structures in a rapid, facile, and universal manner. Here we develop an unconventional and benchtop strategy to rapidly generate the nanoporous BCPs with arbitrary structural characters regardless of the BCP bulk morphology. This universal pore-forming strategy enables the sustainable CO2-based BCPs to form the advanced membranes with 1 s soaking for efficiently rejecting 94.2% brilliant blue R (826 g/mol). At the same time, the water permeance retains around 1020 L/(m2·h·bar), which is 1~3 orders of magnitude higher than that of other membranes. This strategy may offer a fantastic opportunity to introduce percolating pore structures in those newly developed BCPs with which the previously reported pore-forming methods may not deal.


Location based services application is an important engine that provide services such as Map Navigation, Tracking Service and POI Information Services.The objective of this project is to develop a location based services engine that
provide an automatic poi location updating functions to update poi distance measurements in the Intelligent Vacation Planner System (IVPS). POI Location Updater for Distance Calculation is calculate the POI distance through Google Map API to retrieving optimal distance between POI, and the distance calculation must use with internet connection, The system is using web based application as the
architecture, The technologies that used to develop the system are hypertext markup language (HTML), java script, Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) and Structured Query Language (SQL). The project methodology that used in this project is Software Development Life Cycle Engineering (SDLC). The test strategies that use to test the system after implementation are top-down testing and bottom-up testing. The testing procedures that used in testing the system are code debugging and functionality testing. As a conclusion, the proposed system in this study has fulfilled the study
objectives. For further improvement, more research on the system, using multithreading technique to faster the distance calculation and also provide the system on mobile location services apps.


The paper presents analysis of fuelling and of the course of combustion process for a two-cycle engine. The main idea of the engine according to patent solution of Prof. B. Sendyka consists in the fact that engine work begins from spark ignition, whereas, at higher load and higher temperature in the cooling system there occurs switching off spark ignition and transition to ignition from an ignition dose injected directly into the combustion chamber. Such an engine possesses two injection systems: one system of multi-point injection which forms homogenous mixture, whereas, the other system of direct injection is used for ignition dose injection only. After injection of the ignition dose of a very small mass combustion is initiated on the basis of formation of auto-ignition centres so as it takes place during knock combustion. Auto-ignition centres initiate combustion of the basic charge. Simulation was carried out in order to perform analysis occurring phenomena of fuel feeding and combustion. Works on it started from elaboration of a computational grid of the engine and subsequently analysis of indicated diagrams of engine work with injection of ignition dose was performed. Analysis was also performed of temperature traces and of traces of charge mass change in the cylinder as well as of participation of the mass of basic fuel dose in the cylinder in function of the crank angle. Moreover visualization of effects of the process of mixture formation and combustion was performed and presented in form of illustrations of charge temperature distribution, fraction of fuel ignition and basic dose vapours in crosssections of the combustion chamber.


Two doses of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine protects against genital warts nearly as well as the standard 3-dose schedule, according to new study findings.


The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe the mathematical communication skills of students who were taught with the pair check type of cooperative learning model and the mathematical communication skills of students who were taught by the pair check type of cooperative learning model and the pair check type of cooperative learning. mathematical communication skills of students who are learning. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research (semi-experimental), with a Static Group Design research design. The population of this research is the students of class X MIPA SMAN 13 Padang who were registered in the 2021/2022. Based on hypothesis testing using t-test, obtained P-value < = 0.05, namely P-value = 0.000. That is, the mathematical communication skills of experimental class students who were taught by the pair check type cooperative learning model were better than the control class taught by conventional learning. Keywords–Pair Check, Conventional Learning, Mathematical Communication Skills


This research is backgrounded by the lack of optimal competence of students in drawing techniques in the subject of Technical Drawing. This study aims to: 1) to find out the learning process of students drawing techniques in the subject of Engineering Drawing using the Blended Learning learning model, 2) to determine the improvement of student competence which is seen from the aspects of psychomotor and affective abilities of class X DPIB A students drawing techniques on the subject of Engineering Drawings during learning. This research was conducted from January to May 2021 at SMK Negeri 1 Pajangan. The subjects of the study were class X DPIB A as many as 36 students. This research procedure uses 2 cycles each cycle consisting of 3 meetings. Each cycle consists of planning, execution, observation, reflection. Data collection uses student observation sheets, teacher observation sheets in the learning process, practice test sheets to assess the competence of assessment students which are compiled based on student product assessment criteria. Student questionnaires are used to obtain student response data to the WhatsApp-based Blended Learning learning model. An indicator of the success of this study is an increase in student learning outcomes, namely at least complete students. The results showed that the use of a WhatsApp-based Blended Learning learning model can improve the technical drawing competence of class X DPIB A students in the Subject of Technical Drawing. Before implementing the WhatsApp-based Blended Learning learning model, only 25% of students were competent with an average score of 65. After the WhatsApp-based Blended Learning learning model was applied to cycle I competent students increased to 72% with an average score of 79 and there was another increase in cycle II of 100% competent students with an average score of 83.


The core of engineering education Accreditation is to estimate engineering education qualification of each institute and make a direction for institutes development. The purpose of Accreditation is to improve universities ability to educate high quality engineers and to enhance Chinese engineering education and to make pace with international engineering education. Educational resources that affect the engineering education accreditation is one of important factors, Therefore, the model of educational resource for engineering education Accreditation becomes very important to insure the quality of Accreditation. This paper use Cloud Hierarchical Analysis (CHA) to deal with the fuzziness and uncertainty in the engineering education Accreditation. The Cloud Hierarchical Analysis can efficiently describe the fuzziness and randomness of judgment graphically by cloud figure and provide a picture for decision maker. Using cloud operator and geometric mean method to calculate the Cloud weights for each positive reciprocal Cloud matrix, and these weights are combined to determine the final Cloud scores for the alternatives. Finally, the calculation results show that Cloud Hierarchical Analysis model is suitable for educational resources of engineering education Accreditation.


Abstract Tetroon flights across Oklahoma City indicate the influence of an isolated urban area on the horizontal and vertical air velocity at heights near 400 m in relatively strong (13 m sec−1) daytime flow. The Lagrangian measurements so obtained are collated with fixed-point measurements of horizontal and vertical velocity on a 460 m television tower. Above the city in the morning there is a mean trajectory turning toward lower pressure of 10°. This turning, presumably fractionally induced, is noted only weakly in the afternoon and not all in the evening, but there is slight evidence for a bending of the trajectories around the city at these later times. During the day the city appears as the source of a plume of ascending air motion extending at least 30 km downwind of the city, with both tetroon and tower measurements indicating a mean upward velocity of almost 0.4 m sec−1 ten kilometers downwind of city-center at heights near 400 m. On the average the magnitude of the stress determined from the cova...


We study the properties of domain walls and domain patterns in ultrathin epitaxial magnetic films with two orthogonal in-plane easy axes, which we call fourfold materials. In these materials, the magnetization vector is constrained to lie entirely in the film plane and has four preferred directions dictated by the easy axes. We prove the existence of 90° and 180° domain walls in these materials as minimizers of a nonlocal one-dimensional energy functional. Further, we investigate numerically the role of the considered domain wall solutions for pattern formation in a rectangular sample.


We study the communication efficient secret sharing (CESS) problem. A classical threshold secret sharing scheme randomly encodes a secret into n shares given to n parties, such that any set of at least t, t <; n, parties can reconstruct the secret, and any set of at most z, z <; t, colluding parties cannot obtain any information about the secret. A CESS scheme satisfies the previous properties of threshold secret sharing. In addition, it has minimum communication and read costs when the user contacts d, d ≥ t, shares. The intuition behind the possible savings on these costs is that the user is only interested in decoding the secret and does not have to decode the random keys involved in the encoding process. In this paper, we introduce two explicit constructions of CESS codes called Staircase Codes. The first construction achieves optimal communication and read costs for a fixed d, d ≥ t. The second construction achieves optimal costs universally for all possible values of d, t ≤ d ≤ n. Both constructions can be designed over a field GF(q), for any prime power q > n.


The invention relates to a dynamic random access memory which comprises a main memory cell array and a redundant element unit. The redundant element unit contains multiple fuse wires and a latching area. The multiple fuse wires are planned to be a first fuse wire part and a second fuse wire part, wherein the first fuse wire part is used for storing address information of a fault memory cell in themain memory cell array and the second fuse wire part is used as multiple capacitors. The latching area contains multiple latches which are used for storing the address information of the fault memorycell stored in the first fuse wire part, wherein the multiple capacitors of the second fuse wire part are respectively coupled to the multiple latches, so as to provide capacitance to the output/input (I/O) endpoint of each of the latches.


The aim of the research is to determine relationship between the price of corn in the current year and the number and price of fattening pigs in the following year. The analysis was done for the period from 2006-2021. Descriptive statistics were used for data processing. To determine the impact of corn price on the price and number of fattening pigs, a regression model was applied. A moderate variability of the observed parameters was determined, with increasing of corn price at a rate of 7.92% per year, fattening pigs 3.88%, and the number of fattening pigs decreasing by rate of 1.75%. The results of the regression analysis indicate a significant impact of the corn price on the number and price of fattening pigs.


Efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) commonly comprise a multilayer stack including charge‐transport and charge‐ and exciton‐blocking layers, to confine charge recombination to the emissive layer. Here, a highly simplified single‐layer blue‐emitting OLED is demonstrated based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence with the emitting layer simply sandwiched between ohmic contacts consisting of a polymeric conducting anode and a metal cathode. The single‐layer OLED exhibits an external quantum efficiency of 27.7% with minor roll‐off at high brightness. The internal quantum efficiency approaches unity, demonstrating that highly simplified single‐layer OLEDs without confinement layers can achieve state‐of‐the‐art performance, while greatly reducing the complexity of the design, fabrication, and device analysis.


Observations of the linear and circular polarization of the peculiar X-ray source AM Her are presented. Assuming that the source is a binary star, the combination of polarization data with the radial velocity, photometric, and X-ray data of many other authors severely constrains some of the geometrical properties of the system. The observations further suggest that AM Her may be the first object in which the linear polarization p is related to the circular polarization q by the expression papprox.q/sup 2/, as predicted by the gray-body magnetoemission model of Kemp.


Two field experiments were carried out, at ElHamoul districtKafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Delta Egypt; to study the effect of cobalt on barley growth; grains yield quantity and quality under salinity conditions. At the third truly leaf, barley seedlings were irrigated once with cobalt concentrations: 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5 and 20.0 ppm beside control. The Obtained Results Showed That:  All cobalt levels had a significant promotive effect on barley growth and yield parameters compared with control.  Increasing cobalt level in the cultural media up to 10.0 ppm cobalt stimulated growth, dry matter content, yield and its quality.  Cobalt at 10.0 ppm gave a significant of barley growth; yield and nutritional status expected Fe.  When cobalt concentration was increased more than 10.0 ppm, decreased the promotive effect.  Iron content was decreased with increasing cobalt doses, there is certain antagonistic relationships between the two elements (Co and Fe).  Cobalt treatments, in general increased, the content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn and Cu in barley shoots while Na and Cl concentrations were decreased.


The synthesis and organization of functional nanostructures using self-assembly processes embodies a critical challenge for nanoand meso-science, as twoand three-dimensional (2D and 3D) spontaneous arrangement of nanoscale structural units or building blocks can produce ordered ensembles that exhibit collective functionality at reduced cost with greater efficiency [1,2]. Generating arrays of nanoparticles with 2D planar and 3D configurations is key to this challenge, and self-assembly techniques can play a key role if they can be directed to express specific patterned structures reliably and reproducibly.


Aim:  To compare commercially available serum‐free media with common, standard, growth medium for their ability to support growth of Cryptosporidium parvum in HCT‐8 cell cultures.


A model of cation transport through a reactor of soil has been utilized which includes the processes of convection, dispersion, and cation exchange. Results from the model by finite differences show that it describes the breakthrough curves very well for a variety of flow rates and feed concentrations. A criterion for convergence of the numerical solution has been presented. For the homovalent system K+ - NH 4 + maintained at constant ionic strength and pH the exchange process is symmetric, i.e., the exchange coefficients are equal. These coefficients show a linear correlation with velocity, which probably arises from a diffusion limited transfer normal to the particle surface. Quadratic correlation between dispersion coefficient and velocity reflects a rather complex relationship between concentration gradients and fluid flow. Cation exchange capacity of the soil increases with ionic strength. This behavior is characteristic of colloids of the metallic oxides and hydroxides, which exhibit constant surface potential rather than constant surface charge. The soil is known to contain aluminum and iron hydroxides.


ISSN: 1041-0236 (Print) 1532-7027 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/hhth20 The Impact of Interdisciplinary Collaboration Michael R. Kotowski & Laura E. Miller To cite this article: Michael R. Kotowski & Laura E. Miller (2010) The Impact of Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Health Communication, 25:6-7, 567-568, DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2010.496718 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2010.496718


Abstract In today's world, where we are in the process of information society, especially the development of internet technology and the use of the internet by large masses of people in very wide geographies have brought along a digital transformation not only socially but also administratively. Although the administrative reflections of digital transformation have developed on the basis of the private sector primarily, it is seen that this situation has started to manifest itself in public administration and public administrations have gone into the efforts for adapting to this wave of transformation over time. The implementation of digital transformation in public administration as a whole is essentially carried out with the aim of eliminating some prominent serious problems of public administration and in addition developing the aspects further that are in good condition. As a matter of fact, new business setups are made and strategies are developed with the intention of adapting to digital transformation, so that it becomes possible for institutions to provide services in a more transparent, participatory, accountable, quality, effective and efficient manner and thus to satisfy the target audience they serve. It is seen that different structures have been made in order to adapt to the digital transformation, with the transition to the Presidential government system in Turkey. One of these new structures is Presidency Offices. Among these offices, which provide technical support to public policy making and decision-making activities in different fields, the Presidency Digital Transformation Office has undertaken the task of leading the digital transformation of the public administration. Since its establishment, the Presidency Digital Transformation Office continues to implement many activities and applications and to contribute positively to the digital transformation process in order to fulfil the mission it has undertaken. In this study, which aims to evaluate the digital transformation process through public administration and more specifically the Presidency Digital Transformation Office, digital transformation is discussed conceptually and theoretically, first. In the second Section, the main features of the presidential government system and the innovations it has brought along are emphasized. In the third and last Section, the structure and functioning of the Presidency Digital Transformation Office is explained and its contributions to the digital transformation process are evaluated through the activities and applications that the office has done so far.


Objective:To Summarize clinical experience in frontotemporal rhytidectomy under the SMAS.Method: After frontotemporal skin separate under the SMAS,scalp and frontalis was operated,frontotemporal flap was fixed.Result: Rhytidectomys were doing in 20 patients of frontotemporal skin ageing,effect was satisfactory in becoming younger.Conclusion: Under the SMAS frontotemporal rhytidectomy was reliable and with permanent effect,it was becoming younger in middle and serious skin ageing.


The db/db mice manifest non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Paecilomyces japonica on hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. Four‐week‐old male db/db mice (n=12) and their lean heterozygote littermates (db/+, n=6) were obtained. The db/db mice were fed AIN‐93G diet or diet containing 3% freeze‐dried P. japonica for 6 weeks after one week of adaptation period. The db/+ mice were fed AIN‐93G diet. Serum alanine amininotransferase (ALT) activities and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were measured. Liver lipids were extracted and the amounts of triglyceride were determined. Serum ALT activities were significantly higher in db/db mice than db/+ mice, whereas, these elevated activities were significantly lowered by P. japonica compared with non‐treated db/db mice (p<0.05). TBARS and triglyceride levels of liver of db/db mice were higher than db/+ mice. However, P. japonica significantly decreased hepatic TBARS and triglyceride levels compared with non‐treated db/db mice. These results indicate that chronic consumption of P. japonica could alleviate hepatic steatosis in db/db mice.


Facial expression plays a key role in non-verbal face-to-face communication. In this paper, we present a method based on feature difference matrix and QNNs to recognize facial expression from single static images. Firstly, we divide expression image into several expression feature blocks (eyebrows block, eyes block, mouth block) which contain more discriminant information for each facial expression. And then, feature difference matrix is obtained by subtracting respectively neutral expression block from above feature blocks. Finally, a QNNs (Quantum Neural Networks) classifier was used for expression classification from feature difference matrix. The proposed algorithm is tested in the Japanese female facial expression database. The experimental results show that our approach achieves excellent performance in terms of recognition rate and recognition reliability.


We propose to generate terahertz surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a metal wire by launching electron bunches onto a tapered end of the wire. To show the potential of this method, we solve Maxwell's equations for the appropriate boundary conditions. The metal wire tip is modeled by a perfectly conducting semi-infinite cone. It is shown that the SPPs can be recovered from the idealized fields by well-known perturbation techniques. The emitted radiation is strongly concentrated into a narrow solid angle near the cone boundary for cones with a small opening angle. We calculate that, using currently available technology, subpicosecond SPPs with peak electric fields of the order of MV/cm on a 1 mm diameter wire can be obtained.


In this work the growth and glucose consumption as well as alcohol production kinetics of fresh and rehydrated brewer's yeast were evaluated. Dried yeast was obtained by fluidized bed and spray drying. Based on fermentation trials, there was no difference between the number of viable cells determined at the end of the stationary phase, however differences in growth velocity between the dehydrated yeast and the fresh yeast cream were found. Regarding alcohol production, no differences were found in most of the treatments (F2, F3, F4*, A1, A2. A3 and A4) with respect to the fresh yeast. the brewery dried yeast with an efficient viability and fermentative ability can be stored at least 4 months and used when required. Therefore the need of conventional propagation and fresh yeast transport may be eliminated.


Trading activities of a country cannot be separated from the imposition of taxes, especially PPn and PPnBM, which are the largest income for Indonesian State treasury revenues especially coming from people who have middle and upper economies. This study aims to determine the effect of the PP Article 5 PMK policy Number 20 of 2021 on people's purchasing power during the covid -19 pandemic. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. This research was conducted at GAIKINDO (Indonesian Automotive Industry Association) by analyzing motor vehicle sales data from three brands, namely, Daihatsu, Honda and Toyota, with periods from November 2020 – to February 2021 and March 2021 – to June 2021. For the Toyota brand, there was an increase of 5,387 units or around 20.15%, for the Daihatsu Bran,d there was an increase of 2,930 units or around 29.82,% and for the Honda Brand, there was a decrease of 4,423 units or around 27.26%%, in this case,e due to a decrease in the number of production and weakening sales in the Japanese market and its exports. Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that there increase in sales for t, the Toyota and Daihatsu brands due to the PPnBM incentive with a tariff of 100%. This also affects the purchasing power of consumers during the Covid-19 pandemic.


In a communication network constituted of relay nodes and edge nodes interconnected by communication lines and a network manager, the network manager manages relay nodes and edge nodes connected to the network manager by operation management communication lines. The network manager requests to set a logical connection between an ingress and an egress of the connection, and in response to this request, relay nodes and edge nodes set a logical connection specifying at least one of a transmission source and a destination.


L. B. PAGE (Tufts U . Medical School, Boston, Mass.): In 1972 we traveled to a coral atoll about 300 miles north of the Solomon Islands in a laboratory ship. The people on the Atoll of Ontong, Java live up to their necks in the ocean, yet they excrete only about 20 mEq of sodium per day in the urine; thus, they avoid sodium. Their blood pressures remain low throughout life, and analysis of their electrocardiograms, using the Blackburn Minnesota Code, shows an extremely low incidence of the coded abnormalities that are associated with coronary disease. Surprisingly, the renins in a sample of 114 of these people averaged 4.26 ng per ml per hour which is about 2.5 times RS high as a comparably active population in the United States. These findings are similar to what Oliver et ul. reported in the Uanomamo Indians. J. H. LARAGH ( N e w York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York , N . Y . ) : I have been fascinated by Dr. Page's and Dr. Oliver's studies of tribal peoples who do not eat salt and who have what has been called "high renin lowpertension." Actually, these patients have normal renin levels for their levels of sodium excretion according to our renin-sodium nomogram. They fall within our normal curve just as do cirrhotics with high renins but low sodium excretion and diuretic-treated patients with high renins in response to sodium depletion. In all three of these situations, the high renin is an appropriate reaction to the state of sodium balance. I do not know whether renin is vasculotoxic in this setting. We have not predicted that it would be, since it is high only because of a low sodium balance. It will, however, cause vasoconstriction as it tries to keep the blood pressure from falling. A recent paper by the Oliver group indicated that the sodium-depleted tribal populations do not live very long, but the question of whether high renin is detrimental in a setting of normal blood pressure or with attendant dehydration has never been studied. Our data suggesting a vasculotoxic influence of renin excess are all derived from studies of patients with hypertension in whom we assume that the increased pressure itself is a sine qua non for vascular damage but in whom a relative or absolute excess of renin has an added adverse influence. H. G. LANGFORD (University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss.) : Do your data have the same trends after the blacks have been removed? The publication from Curtis Hayme's group in Circulation last year showed that blacks got along better than whites with the same degree of hypertension. J. H. LARAGH: Yes, the same trends are present. I think there are two populations of blacks. Every one knows that blacks have much more hypertension than whites, and it is clear that there is an older population of blacks who have hypertension of an indolent form and live to be quite old. According to our data, these are mostly low-renin individuals. On the other hand, a young subset of blacks, between 20 and 40, have a much more vicious form of hypertension, frequently developing malignant hypertension, renal failure and strokes. In this subgroup of blacks, we have practically never identified a low renin patient. A. P. SHAPIRO (University of Pittsburgh Schod of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa.) : How do you explain a difference in vascular toxicity between high renin


Counselors are the backbone of the team's work force of college students, charged with the task of "guidance,management, education" of students, is a guide for students' growth and success. Counselors' working ability and methods use is not only a technical but also an art; the use of non-verbal expression is the basis and benchmarking of doing this work.


Without medical assistance only two roles in reproduction exist. Regardless of legal parentage, the two reproductive roles remain the same from individual to individual; men contribute genetic material, and women both contribute genetic material and gestate the child until birth. Surrogacy has divided reproduction into three roles. To grant legal parentage through the traditional means divests the intended parents of all ties to the child whose birth they caused. Additionally, original ideas of parenthood may grant parentage to sperm donors, egg donors, or gestational surrogates — individuals the law already denies rights.Surrogacy allows couples that could not have children in the traditional way to "procreate." But the separation of the two female reproductive roles — genetic and gestational — divides women's rights in half. A development that gives women the children they previously could not have also lessens women's rights compared to their original status. In past legal developments surrounding parenthood, men received fewer rights than women because of women's ability to gestate. Now, the importance of gestation places some women in the same position as unwed men.To simply apply the jurisprudence that arose before surrogacy became a legal issue would be to divest women of the rights they held before by default. In light of the changing definition of "family," legislation should approach custody disputes between the three parties with the term "parent" instead of the rigid terms "father" and "mother."


An image halftoning technique that uses a simple GA has proven to be effective generating bi-level halftone images with quality higher than conventional techniques. Many devices are designed to handle more than two halftone levels and a GA based multi-level halftoning technique is desirable. In this paper we extend the bi-level halftoning technique to generate multi-level halftone images. Also we introduce an improved GA (GA-SRM) into the proposed multi-level halftoning technique. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can effectively generate high quality multi-level halftone images and that the inclusion of GA-SRM substantially contributes reducing memory usage and accelerating image generation. key words: multi-level image halftoning technique, genetic al-


The present invention provides a server system, in particular for an aircraft or spacecraft, with an integration device which has at least two server modules, each of which at least one program-controlled computing device, at least one memory coupled to the programmable computing device, and at least one communication interface, which is coupled to the programmable computing device having, having at least one data line which couples the two server modules via the communication interface in data communicative connection with each other, with a server interface, which is adapted to the integration device via the communication interfaces of the server modules in data communicative connection to a data network to couple, wherein the integration device is designed to interchange data with the data network. Further, the present invention provides a aircraft or space vehicle and a method.


A series of [60]fullerene bis-adducts having a π-electron-rich aromatic ring as a donor in a face-to-face arrangement were synthesized by the bis-cyclopropanation of [60]fullerene with tether-linked bis-malonates. One of the bis-adducts showed a photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer which caused the dramatic quenching of its fluorescence in a polar solvent.


The theory of conceptual fields is a developmental theory. It has two aims: (1) to describe and analyse the progressive complexity, on a long- and medium-term basis, of the mathematical competences that students develop inside and outside school, and (2) to establish better connections between the operational form of knowledge, which consists in action in the physical and social world, and the predicative form of knowledge, which consists in the linguistic and symbolic expressions of this knowledge. As it deals with the progressive complexity of knowledge, the conceptual field framework is also useful to help teachers organize didactic situations and interventions, depending on both the epistemology of mathematics and a better understanding of the conceptualizing process of students.


A Velocity detection apparatus detects a position of a moving object at a first timing and a second timing to detecta Velocity of the moving object based on a difference between the first timing and the second timing. The first timing is a timing at which an identifiable mark position of the moving object is detected by a first detector and the second timing is a timing at which the mark position is detected by a second detector. The Velocity detection apparatus includes a light source and first and second detectors which detects the mark position based on light obtained by illuminating the moving object using the light source. A vertical projection position of the light source onto a plane which is parallel to a main Surface of the first or second detector is located between vertical projec tion positions of the first and the second detector onto the plane.


Perhaps no one has had a greater influence on the development ofhybridization theory than Dr. Ledyard Stebbins. However, his contributions have not been restricted to his writings or lectures alone. Many of you have marveled at the great authority with which Dr. Stebbins identified the hybrid status, parentage, and ploidal level of plants in the field or on herbarium sheets. He didn't seem to need all the modem techniques that the current generation of botanists is both blessed and burdened with. For example, I remember a short field trip with Dr. Stebbins in the fall of 1984 to look at some sunflower hybrids near Davis. The plants were dead, only a few dried leaves, stalks, and floral heads remained, yet he confidently identified parental, hybrid, and backcrossed generations. Ironically, after 2 yr of careful molecular studies, I essentially confirmed his initial observations (Rieseberg, Soltis, and Palmer, 1988). Thus, I came to the conclusion that he was able to see things in plants that escaped less careful or less knowledgeable observers such as myself. The interest of the botanical community in plant hybridization appears to be somewhat cyclical. From the late 1940s through the middle 1960s, much of the morphological and cytological variation in plant populations was attributed to introgressive hybridization (e.g., Anderson, 1949; Stebbins, 1959). Over the next two decades, these interpretations were viewed with greater skepticism (Barber and Jackson, 1957; Gottlieb, 1972; Heiser, 1973; Doebley, 1984), and I think appropriately so, leading to perhaps less interest in hybridization and its evolutionary role. In the early 1990s, however, there appears to have been a renewed interest in hybrids, stimulating several recent reviews (e.g., Abbot, 1992; Arnold, 1992, 1994; Rieseberg and Brunsfeld, 1992; Rieseberg and Wendel, 1993; Strauss, 1994). This resurgence in interest has led to a reevaluation of some of the central tenets or dogmas ofhybridization theory (e.g., Rieseberg and Ellstrand, 1993; Arnold and Hodges, in press), as well as to the origin of some new ideas and approaches to the study of hybrids (e.g., Whitham, 1989; Rieseberg et al., 1993). The purpose of this paper is to discuss some general misconceptions that many botanists and zoologists appear to hold about hybrids, as well as to present several of the


The invention discloses a mononuclear cell proliferation listeria monocytogenes nucleic acid standard sample and an establishing method and application thereof. The mononuclear cell proliferation listeria monocytogenes nucleic acid standard sample is prepared by the steps of bacterial strain cultivation and identification, preparation of a nucleic acid standard sample, drying of the nucleic acid standard sample, inspection of uniformity and stability, qualitative verification, valuing of the nucleic acid standard sample and the like. The situation of shortage in nucleic acid standard samples of pathogenic bacteria in domestic foods is solved. The mononuclear cell proliferation listeria monocytogenes nucleic acid standard sample, the establishing method and the application have very important practical significance on solving of a preparative technology of the nucleic acid standard samples of the pathogenic bacteria in the foods and a stability guarantee technology, active implementation of development of molecular biological test standard samples of the pathogenic bacteria in the domestic foods, filling of the blank in the measurement field and the implementation of molecular biological detection work of the pathogenic bacteria in the foods. The nucleic acid standard samples of the pathogenic bacteria in the foods have wide market and large economic benefit and social benefit.


The spatial distribution of the Hg, Fe, Co, and Ni pollution was determined in the Northwest coast of Baja California using the mussel Mytilus californianus...


In this article a method to solve the Vehicle Routi ng Problem with Time Windows is presented. The proposed algorithm is an implementation of sequ ential simulated annealing. New transfer function is presented which guarantees feasible opt imal solutions computed in reasonable time.


Ph_3SnO_2C4H_3S was synthesized by the reaction of Ph3SnCl with NaO2C4H3S and was characterized by IR,1H NMR and MS spectra. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. In the crystals,the structure consist of discrete molecule containing four-coordinate tin atom in a distorted tetrahedral configuration


Abstract : Computer simulation of vehicle dynamics has become a valuable tool in the design of vehicles. They are, however, unable to accurately simulate the complex dynamics of fluid "sloshing" in a tank on the vehicle. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis software is available that can predict fluid slosh, however, the use of this software in accurately predicting fluid slosh for a military vehicle application has not been demonstrated. This is the first phase of a multiphase program to develop and demonstrate the use of CFD analysis, coupled with vehicle dynamics analysis, to more accurately predict the dynamics of a fluid transport system. The objective of this phase is to validate the CFD analysis in predicting slosh dynamics on a tank subjected to motions of a vehicle encountering typical maneuvers. To accomplish this, a one-quarter-scale model of a TOLD tank was constructed, as well as a test fixture to simulate a five-ton FMTV truck. The reaction forces and the fluid motions of the CFD analysis and the laboratory test were compared for six simulated vehicle maneuvers including lane changes and bumps. The CFD analysis was conducted with the commercially available software package, FLOW-3D-. The net fluid force and moment predictions were added to the force and moment predictions of a rigid body dynamic analysis of the empty tank alone to compare to the corresponding measured values for the test tank. Overall, the results show that CFD can successfully be applied to the study of fluid motions and the fluid- structure interactions in truck-mounted water transport tanks. There is good correlation between the predicted and measured roll moment. Given the rapid turnaround time for the CFD simulations presented here, the outlook is encouraging for coupling a vehicle rigid body dynamics analysis to a fluid dynamics analysis for a high fidelity simulation of the complete vehicle response to maneuvers.


The following report investigates the changes of water quality by temperature and mixing processes. Along a shore line multi-level wells were examined in their behaviour. It was found, that at many levels the redox potential, nitrate and oxygen contents were lower in summer than in winter.


ABSTRACT The decimal reduction times of Streptococcus faecium,Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, and Aeromonas hydrophila corresponding to heat treatment at 62°C were 7.1, 0.34, 0.024, and 0.0096 min, and those corresponding to manosonication treatment (40°C, 200 kPa, 117 μm) were 4.0, 1.5, 0.86, and 0.90 min, respectively. The manosonication decimal reduction times of the four species investigated decreased sixfold when the amplitude was increased from 62 to 150 μm and fivefold when the relative pressure was raised from 0 to 400 kPa. In L. monocytogenes, S. enteritidis, and A. hydrophila, the lethal effect of manothermosonication was the result of the addition of the lethal effects of heat and manosonication, whereas in S. faecium it was a synergistic effect.


The concept of chemical hardness and softness was introduced by R. G. Pearson in connection with the behavior of Lewis acids and bases, depending on the stability of complex A:B formed according to the reaction: A + :B → A:B


Participation is considered the most meaningful outcome of rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were correlations between wheelchair activity recorded with a data logger and community participation as measured by the Participation Survey/Mobility. Data from 16 participants were included in this study. Data collected during a two week period using a data logging device were analyzed to determine the mobility characteristics of participants. Among manual wheelchair users, significant positive correlations were found between average speed traveled and the community participation content areas of transportation (rs = .837, p = .019) and socialization (rs = .772, p = .042). In addition, for manual wheelchair users there was a trend toward a significant correlation between average speed traveled and total community participation score (rs = .714, p = .071). Among power wheelchair users, there was a trend toward a significant negative correlation between average speed traveled and the community participation content area of leisure activity (rs = −.635, p = .066). Understanding the relationship between wheelchair speed and community participation can be useful information to enable clinicians to recommend the most appropriate mobility devices designed to enhance community participation.


The behavior of magnetorheological fluids in rotational systems for torque transmission such as brakes and clutches offering a drum-shaped shear gap design is investigated for high-speed operation up to 6000 rpm or respectively high shear rates up to 34,000 s−1. The occurrence of a Taylor vortex flow is described and experimentally proven for the operation without and with an applied magnetic field. By measurements it is shown that a mixing effect due to the vortex flow avoid a disadvantageous particle centrifugation. In further measurements a weakening of the magnetorheological effect with increasing rotational speeds is observed. Utilizing a magnetic dipole model for calculating the yield stress with a common parameterization based on measurements, a prediction of the achievable torque as a function of the rotational speed is possible. This modeling approach provides an important tool for the design process of magnetorheological-fluid-based actuators for high rotational speed application.


Meningeal Fibrosarcoma (MF) accounts only for 0.5% of the brain tumors. Since the clinical manifestations and radiologic findings are non-specific, the diagnosis can only be achieved by pathological examination of surgically removed specimens. MF are tumors that behave locally very aggressively and respond poorly to treatment, with reported median survivals ranging from 6 to 15 months. We report a new case of MF describing the peculiar onset as a slow growing mass in scalp with bone destruction and without neurological clinical findings.


The First Aid in the Community Program was initiated in the 1990s in the African region with the participation of more than 16 Red Cross societies. First Aid was promoted to prepare the people in times of emergencies as well as to develop awareness in health promotion and human and resource preparedness in disasters. In an evaluation conducted in four west African countries it was noted that the program was appreciated by stakeholders and increased the communities knowledge of risks and appropriate behaviors to reduce risk. However it was found that there is still a need to develop indicators to measure the health impact on the beneficiaries. Hence the Health and Care Federation-Geneva is developing a comprehensive set of indicators that can be modified and implemented to measure the different dimensions which are linked to produce a result-oriented and quality program.


Objective: to compare population and care characteristics of adherence to immediate contact between mother and newborn in the first hour of life in two public maternity hospitals at usual risk. Methods: cross-sectional study with 105 mothers after normal delivery and their respective newborns in the first hour of life in two maternity hospitals with Prepartum, Labor, and Puerperium units. We used an instrument with 36 questions based on the National Guidelines of Assistance to Normal Birth. Analysis was based on the chi-square test for homogeneity and Fisher's exact test to compare the assistance provided in maternity hospitals. Results: both maternity hospitals attended the usual risk binomials. Regarding the assistance provided, only the federal maternity promoted encouragement of immediate contact between mother and newborn in the first hour of life, besides favouring 7.1% (n=3) of the binomials with the golden hour in a correct and significant way (p=0.037). Conclusion: despite the similarity of the assistance profile, only one maternity hospital performed the golden hour, being necessary the insertion of good practices in maternity hospitals. Contributions to practice: direct observation of the assistance provided to binomial identified gaps in the format and and durability of the immediate contact in maternity hospitals.


Neurons, the basic unit of nervous system, are highly polarized cells with unique physiological functions. Mitochondrial dynamics are critical to neurons, involving fission and fusion, transport and distribution, synthesis and degradation. Mitochondrial transport helps maintain local energy supply. Mitochondrial long-distance movements are facilitated by their coupling to microtubule-based transport via the transport complex. The core component of this complex is mitochondrial Rho GTPases Miro. In this review, we focus on the Miro's role in mediating mitochondrial transport in neurons and its relation to neurological diseases.

Key words:
Miro GTPases; Neurons; Mitochondrial transport; Neurological diseases


Abstract There is substantial evidence that shame and guilt are distinct emotions. Within the field of forensic psychology, it has been suggested that feelings of shame and guilt about a crime differ in their implications for the offender's behaviour. However, investigation of this issue is hampered by the absence of separate, dedicated measures of offence-related guilt and shame. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a preliminary measure of shame and guilt about a crime. The Offence-Related Shame and Guilt Scale was completed by 60 men detained on forensic psychiatric units, as were two existing general measures of shame and guilt. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the existence of two substantive shame and guilt dimensions. The resulting scales were found to have adequate internal consistency and test – retest reliability. Overall the results of this study suggest that while there is considerable overlap between the two emotions, shame and guilt represent distinct emotional responses to an offence.


The ideal of problemless knowledge on the basis of the figure of transcendental subject is examined. It is proved, that implementation of the project of knowledge on the basis of the transcendental subject is possible through the recognition of a problem as a negative fundamental of scientific epistemology.


Recent research on conflict resolution in Africa su ggests that there is an emerging consensus, which indicate that shuttle diplomacy an d externally initiated and monitored mediations do not work. This political re ality made Africans pause for some introspection at the end of the Cold War becau se they realised, as President Mo (2006: vi) of Kenya put it, that "solutions to Afri ca's problems will come from African themselves…" The result has been an output of a great wealth of common, internally accepted, socially legitimate and potent ially more effective methods of African approaches to conflict resolution. Yet, man y African leaders, who are influential conflict resolution specialists; and pe acemaking institutions remain reticent about their worth in resolving the so-called modern conflicts (Zartman 2000) and embracing, instead, the praxis of centralised state power (Keller and Rothchild 1996; Bayart 2009; Maxted and Zegeye 2001). This article draws on the postcolonial genealogy to trace the source of this lack of confi dence in African traditions of conflict resolution. It is argued that colonial way s of thinking are inhibiting the adoption of methods that have proven effective in r econciliation processes (e.g. the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa and Rwanda's gacaca) currently look very promising at high level mediati on (e.g., the role of the African Union in Kenya).


The ceremony that was held to appoint Munjong as the new Joseon king was a very important event, for a couple of reasons. First, it was the first enthronement ceremony to be held after the completion of the Joseon king's attire "based upon Ming ritual codes." Second, it was the first ceremony ever (in the history of early Joseon days) for a king who was enthroned after his predecessor (father in this case) actually died. So, it was only natural for the Joseon officials to have different ideas over how to proceed in the official enthroning of this king. Interestingly enough, the most hotly debated issue was 'what kind of attires Munjong should wear during the ceremony,' as he was the predetermined king, yet 'not one yet' before the ceremony was actually over. After much deliberation, the attire for king Munjong was settled to be a royal robe with the color of Acheong-blue. This was to acknowledge the fact that king Munjong not yet achieved the new status which he would achieve [within the Ming ritual order] the moment he received the Enthroning edict (from the Ming Emperor). Hence the Acheong-blue robe, instead of the attire dictated by the Ming emperor, which only an 'already-enthroned king' would be allowed to wear. Also behind this decision was an intention to avoid using Joseon funeral codes, as they were different from those of Ming. The discussion over Munjong's attire to be worn at his enthronement ceremony was a discussion to determine what kind of code the Joseon king should follow in a situation which was not yet clearly dictated in Ming codes. What is even more important, is the fact that Joseon wanted to fulfill its own specific role(分義) that would supposedly be permitted in Ming ritual order, and then created a new Joseon-style code of its own.


When stem volume is estimated from measurements of cross-sectional area using Smalian's composite formula and data from Pinus radiata in New Zealand errors in volume rapidly increase as intensity of measurement decreases, exceeding 8% when the interval between measurements is greater than 5 m. Newton's composite formula or Romberg's method can halve this error but are applicable only when the intervals between measurements are uniform. Integrating a cubic spline curve fitted through the data points can estimate volume with only 60% of the error of Smalian's formula. This function is suited for use with dendrometer measurements of standing trees and, provided that the distances between measurements are less than 5 m, errors can be confined to less than 5% of the volume. INTRODUCTION Where a tree or a log has been measured for diameter at intervals along its length, its volume has been estimated either from formulae or with graphical methods. Smalian's, Huber's and Newton's composite formulae are most commonly used while the frustum of a cone has been applied to a lesser degree. All of these are well described in mensuration text books (see Husch et al., 1972). Newton's formula is generally regarded as the most accurate followed by Huber's. Where trees have been measured with irregular section lengths, as in the dendrometry of standing trees, Newton's and Huber's formulae cannot be applied, whereas Smalian's formula can be used. Graphical methods may be used to overcome the large errors that can occur, for example that by Reineke (1926) and the Taper Line method of Gray (1956). Carron and Mclntyre (1959) found errors of —2% when Huber's formula using 3 m (10 ft) sections was compared to a standard volume using 0.3 to 0.45 m (1 -1 i ft) sections in "Pinus radiata D.Don. Young et al. (1967) using water displacement as a standard obtained average errors of —3.6% to —5.1% for Huber's and +8.7% to + 10.0% for Smalian's on 4.9m (16ft) logs, with maximum individual errors of +44% for Smalian's and +15% for Huber's method (all species). On 1.2 m (4 ft) logs, average errors were —3.5% and —4.6% for Huber's and Smalian's formulae respectively. Dargavel and Ditchbourne (1971), also using water displacement, found that Smalian's formula with measurement intervals of 0.9m and 1.6m gave unbiased N.Z. J . For . Sci. 9(1): 89-99 (1979). 90 New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science Vol. 9 estimates of the volume of small P. radiata trees. Ellis and Duff (1973) reported on a comprehensive study involving 450 trees in New Zealand. They used trees measured every 0.3 m (1 ft) as their standard and found that Newton's and Huber's formulae gave errors which increased gradually from +0.2% and —0.4% with 1.2 m (4 ft) sections to 3.0% and —2.9% with 6.1m (20 ft) sections. Smalian's on the other hand gave errors which increased rapidly from 1.5% with 1.2 m sections to 6.1% with 3 m sections and then to 14.7% with 6.1m sections. Theory A stem of a tree has been thought of as being formed from a composite of geometrical solids; a neiloid frustum at the butt, a paraboloid frustum in the centre and a cone at the tip. Grosenbaugh (1966) noted that these shapes are obtained by rotating around the x axis a curve of the general form y = px where y is the radius of the stem x is the distance from the tip p and r are constants, the latter denning the shape of the solid. The volume can thus be found from the resulting solid of revolution. However, this is not a precise definition of the problem of calculating volume, as the point where one shape gives way to another remains undefined. Moreover, as foresters are only too well aware, a perfectly defined mathematical shape does not approach the reality of a rough log, measured with some error at infrequent intervals along its length, sometimes under trying conditions. A more realistic definition is as follows. The problem of mathematically defining the shape of the stem with a view to calculating its volume is that of finding a "smooth" function of cross-sectional area in terms of length (1) along the stem, where the true form of the function f(1) is unknown but where cross-sectional area can be evaluated at given points on the stem (albeit with some measurement error). This smooth function can then be integrated togive the volume of the stem, interpolated to derive diameters between measurements, or differentiated to give rates of taper at given points. Numerical Quadrature enables the integral of a function to be estimated and an application to trees was recognised by Reineke in 1926 with his graphical method. However, since the advent of the electronic computer, methods of numerical analysis have been vastly improved. Smalian's and Newton's composite formulae are equivalent to the Trapezoidal rule and Simpson's rule respectively, which belong to a family of estimators known as the Newton-Cotes formulae. Newton's formula owes its success over Smalian's because it approximates each segment of f(l) by a second order polynomial, whilst Smalian's formula is a simple line segment. There are two sources of error in numerical quadrature methods; truncation error caused by using a simple approximating formula when a more complex one is better, and "noise" caused by errors in the data, round-off error, etc. A further method, termed Romberg's method, uses an estimate of the truncation error in the Newton-Cotes formulae to provide a better estimate of the integral. This method has been applied to log volume calculations by Goulding (1971) and is described in most texts on Numerical Analysis, e.g. Wilf (1967). No. 1 Goulding — Cubic Spline Curves 91 / V / 2 To show the order of error between the three methods, the integral j s inxdx was estimated using 8 sections by Smalian's rule, Newton's rule and Romberg's method, Table 1. TABLE 1—The integral of sin x from 0 to 77/2 Smalian's Rule Newton's Rule Romberg 's Method Value 0.996786 1.000134 1.000001 Error 0.003214 0.000134 0.000001 Romberg's method has the limitations that the number of sections used must be a power of 2 and that the section lengths must be equal. This does not preclude its use several times over parts of the stem, for example the volume of a tree 42 m long measured every 4 m could be evaluated by Romberg's method for the first 8 sections and again for the next 2 but using Smalian's for the last. This is how Romberg's method is applied in the remainder of the paper to estimate the volume of trees with a fixed number of measurements. The Natural Cubic Spline Curve The difficulty imposed when trees have been measured at irregular intervals along the stem, e.g. by optical dendrometer, can be avoided by the use of a natural cubic spline curve, and the large errors introduced by the use of Smalian's formula avoided to some extent. The use of a computer to perform the calculations is essential, but not only can the volume of the stem be obtained from the integral but the cross-sectional area and rate of taper at any point can be obtained as a by-product. A spline is a long piece of thin wood or other flexible material used by draughtsmen to fair-in a smooth curve between specified points termed "knots". A mathematical spline curve approximates the draughtsmen's spline by a pieeewise polynomial, usually a different polynomial for each arc between pairs of points. A cubic spline uses a cubic polynomial. Each pair of adjoining arcs about a data point fits the data point exactly and has the same value of the 1st and 2nd derivatives at that point. The resultant composite curve appears smooth to the observer. Mathematically a natural cubic spline function S(x) is characterised by three properties. 1. S(x) is given in [xi, Xi+i}, x± <x 2 <x n by some polynomial with a maximum degree of 3. 2. S(x), its first and second derivatives are continuous on the interval (—00, 00). 3. S(x) is a line segment in the intervals (—00, xx) and (xn, 00). Furthermore the function is "smooth" in the sense that fxn (S" (x)) 2 dx is a J xi minimum, where the double prime denotes the second derivative. Cubic spline functions owe their popularity to their best approximating properties for either the interpolating value, the value of the 1st and 2nd derivatives at a given 92 New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science Vol. 9 point on the curve, or the integral over the interval. They are best in the sense that they can best approximate interpolated and integrated values of an arbitrary class of smooth functions though for a particular use a better approximation method may exist. Other spline functions exist and are receiving wide application in the estimation of the form of both mathematical functions and solid objects. Wahba (1976) used "Histosplines" to fit a curve to a histogram and obtain an empirical probability density function; Clark (1976) uses "B-splines" to represent the surfaces of solid objects in a three-dimensional computer design system. Sommers (1976) noted the application of spline curves in Forest Meteorology. In this application a natural cubic spline curve has been fitted to the measurements of the cross-sectional area at various points along the stem of the tree and the volume obtained from the integral of the curve. The method of calculation was that given by Greville (1967) who' also gives a theoretical justification for the curves. Ahlberg et al. (1967) give a simpler algorithm in a general reference book on spline curves.


$u_{0}(x)$ are nonnegative functions. Equation (0.1) describes the combustion process in a stationary medium, in which the thermal conductivity $\beta'(u)^{-1}$ and the volume heat source $f(u)$ are depending in a nonlinear way on the temperature $\beta(u)=\beta(u(x, t))$ of the medium. Throughout this paper we assume (A1) $\beta(v),$ $f(v)\in C^{\infty}(R_{+})\cap C(\overline{R}_{+})$ , where $R_{+}=(0, \infty)$ and $\overline{R}_{+}=[0, \infty)$ ;


Objective To compare the clinical effects of endoscopic high-frequency electroblation and argonplasma coagulation(APC) in the treatment of large intestinal polypi.Methods A total of 320 patients with large intestinal polypi were randomly divided into high-frequency electroblation group(160 cases) and APC group(160 cases).The complications,such as hemorrhage and perforation were observed.The recovery rates were compared between the two groups.Results The cure rate of the APC group was 100%,significantly higher than 96.33% of high-frequency electroblation group(P0.01).The incidence of complications in high-frequency electroblation group was 10%,significantly higher than 1.25% in the APC group(P0.01).No case of intestinal perforation occurred in both groups.Conclusion Argonplasma coagulation is a safe and effective for treating large intestinal polypi.It can reduce the complications and increase the recovery rate,which worth recommending in foundational hospitals.


KELLERMAN, T . S., BASSON, P. A., NAUDE, T. W., VAN RENSBURG, I . B. J. & WELMAN, WILHELMINA G., 1973. Photosensitivity in South Africa. 1. A comparative study of A saemia A xillaris (Thunb.) Harv. Ex Jackson and Lasiospermum Bipinnatum (Thunb.) Druce poisoning in sheep. Onderstepoort J. vet. Res. 40 (3), 115-126 (1973). Experimental evidence is presented to confirm field observations that Asaemia axillaris (Thunb.) Harv. ex Jackson and Lasiospermum bipinnatum (Thunb.) Druce cause ovine hepatogenous photosensitization. The two plants have fairly distinct distributions. While Lasiospermum is most prevalent in the eastern Karoo, Asaemia is commonest in the west and, except perhaps in the southern central Karoo, they seldom occur together. The locality of an outbreak should therefore be taken into account when making a diagnosis. Peripheral fatty changes and midzonal necrosis of liver lobules were seen in both Asaemia and Lasiospermum poisoning. Asaemia poisoning could, however, be distinguished from Lasiospermum poisoning by the presence of centrilobular fatty degeneration and the absence of haemorrhages and bile pigmentation. Although it may be difficult to distinguish between the two types of plant poisoning they are easily differentiated from geeldikkop (a major photosensitizing disease of the Karoo), which lacks a zonal pattern of hepatocytic degeneration and necrosis. Moreover, the crystalloid material characteristic of geeldikkop is not encountered in Asaemia or Lasiospermum poisoning.


Abstract The present study focused on the preparation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) leaves using chemical treatments followed by acid hydrolysis. Pineapple leaves could be used in medical applications such as drug delivery carriers. Advanced spectroscopy techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the physical, chemical, and morphological features of the isolated MCC and NCC; the results indicated the needle-shaped form of nanostructures with good purity and high crystallinity index of 75.00 and 76.38%, respectively. In addition, inhibition of the treated MRC-5 cells with all the samples revealed that the percentage of cell viability was less than 30%, which is an interesting finding given their role in the cytotoxicity effect of MCC and NCC. It appears that MCC and NCC derived from pineapple leaves have lower toxicity. As a result, the developed MCC and NCC can be used in pharmaceutical applications as a novel drug delivery system. Molecular docking was performed to understand the non-bonding interaction of cellulose with human acid-beta-glucosidase (β-Glc) (PDB: 1OGS). The docking result shows that cellulose unit docked within the active pocket of the enzyme by forming hydrogen bonds against ASN19, THR21, and VAL17 with distances of 2.18, 1.93, and 2.92 Å, respectively, with binding energy (−5.0 kcal/mol) resulting in close interaction of cellulose unit with the receptor.


Software engineering is a formal set of tools and procedures for the efficient development of reliable software. Scientific computing software differs from other types of software because the "correct" outputs for a given set of software inputs are generally not known. Since scientific computing relies on approximate numerical solutions to partial differential or integral equations, the answers produced by the software will depend on the mesh employed, the time step chosen, the iterative convergence tolerance used, the number of significant figures used in the floating point computations, etc. The goal of this paper is to provide a broad overview of modern software engineering practices, with a focus on tools and methods that are particularly relevant to scientific computing. Specific topics that are emphasized include software development models, choice of programming language, version control systems, static analysis tools, dynamic testing procedures, and the quantitative assessment of software quality and reliability.


Background: Autosomaldominantpolycystickidneydisease(ADPKD)isaheterogeneousdisorder. Twoknownloci,including PKD1 (16p13.3) and PKD2 (4q21), as well as a third locus that is not clearly identified, cause ADPKD. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the genetic linkage of 4 linked microsatellite markers of PKD genes ( PKD1 and PKD2 ) to ADPKD for genetic screening of familiar PKD patients in Yazd. Methods: This familial case-control study was conducted among 18 families. The linkage analysis was performed using 2 pairs of polymorphic microsatellite markers that are closely linked to the PKD1 gene (16AC2.5 and KG8) and 2 other pairs closely linked to the PKD2 gene (D4S231 and D4S423). These markers were detected through PCR of tandem repeats method and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: The disease was linked to PKD1 about 77.8%, PKD2 16.7% of the families, and to neither gene in 5.5%, according to LOD scores andallelesegregationanalysis. Italsofoundrelativelyhighheterozygosityandpolymorphisminformationcontents(PIC)valuesfor 3 markers including 16AC2.5 (PIC: 0.798) for PKD1 gene and D4S423 (PIC: 0.807) as well as D4S231 (PIC: 0.741) for PKD2 gene. However, it seems that KG8 marker has no significant linkage to the PKD1 gene (PIC: 0.329) among Yazd PKD patients. Conclusions: These results show similarity to another report from Iranian families and according to these similar results, it seems that 16AC2.5 and D4S423 markers would provide an improved framework for genetic screening of ADPKD patients among familiar PKD patients in Yazd.


ANIMAL DISEASEA recent meeting showed that a number of logistical, scientific, and political problems threaten to hobble the fight against bluetongue, an exotic insect-borne viral disease that unexpectedly popped up in northern and central Europe in 2006 and expanded aggressively in 2007.


This paper firstly analysis the ERP,pointed out the main problem of the ERP:Platform complex structures,modular fixed,hard operation,slow to update data. Subsequently this pointed out that the characteristics of the system architecture based on SOA and the advantage. Comparison with ERP and EERP,found the advantage of EERP and the traditional ERP problems improvements. Introduction EERP (Enterprise Resources planning) which based on the SOA,the framework for the design and realization of structures,in-depth analysis based on the characteristics of a new generation of EERP:Platform simple modules can be customized for non-professionals to operate simple,in line with international standards. SOA framework through the traditional ERP improve the performance of the ERP solution of the above problems exist,enterprises were the optimal allocation of resources.


To provide a convenient and practical synthesis process for metal ion doping on the surface of nanoparticles in an assembled nanostructure, core-shell-structured La-doped SrTiO3 nanocubes with a Nb-doped surface layer were synthesized via a rapid synthesis combining a rapid sol-precipitation and hydrothermal process. The La-doped SrTiO3 nanocubes were formed at room temperature by a rapid dissolution of NaOH pellets during the rapid sol-precipitation process, and the Nb-doped surface (shell) along with Nb-rich edges formed on the core nanocubes via the hydrothermal process. The formation mechanism of the core-shell-structured nanocubes and their shape evolution as a function of the Nb doping level were investigated. The synthesized core-shell-structured nanocubes could be arranged face-to-face on a SiO2/Si substrate by a slow evaporation process, and this nanostructured 10 μm thick thin film showed a smooth surface.


Managers are key actors shaping employees' capabilities to utilize work-life policies. However, most research on managers' implementation of these policies has been conducted in liberal welfare states and ignores the impact of institutional context. In this study, we situate managers within specific workplace and national layers of context. We investigated how managers in financial organizations in the Netherlands, UK, and Slovenia talk about the utilization of work-life policies. Managers' discourses stressed disruption and dependency considerations in these case studies, as in the US research. However, a further management discourse of the moral case or right thing to do also emerged. The lack of resources for replacing staff on leave creates disruption and reduces managers capability to support the use of work-life policies, even when they are statutory or if managers are inclined be supportive (dependency or moral argument). This is likely to impact on parents' capabilities.


This dissertation will discuss Koszul algebras and Koszul type Np property. It is a basic problem of homological algebra to compute cohomology algebras of various augmented algebras. One of main purpose is to find the conditions that make algebra Koszul and to find some conditions on Hilbert series of the Koszul algebras. The other purpose is to find conditions which make a line bundle satisfy Np on a projective variety over an algebraically closed field. First consider quadratic algebras with two generator. We classify the quadratic algebras with two generator and investigate conditions under which these quadratic algebras are Koszul algebras. It turns out that one can formulate these conditions in terms of the dimensions of homogeneous degree two and three parts of the algebras.Whether an algebra is a Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt algebra or not depends not only on the presentation of the algebra, but also on the field. Second consider the Koszul-type concepts of the syzygies of varieties. Mark L. Green invented the Np property of line bundles on a projective variety. We show that line bundles L and L satisfy the property Np if L is a globally generated ample line bundle on a projective variety such that H(X, L) = 0 for all s ≥ 1. We also sharpen a result of Park's work on a smooth complex projective surface.


Research and publications about social media in relation to the learning and teaching of foreign languages is developing researcher and educator interest at a rapid pace. Indeed, the emergence and easy access of social networking sites (SNS) have dramatically changed the way we communicate and interact with each other. The plethora of tools available online (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, Ning, Google Plus) offer promising opportunities for educators (Zourou, 2012), and these tools are now gaining significance among the CALL community. Despite the enthusiasm, the potential of online applications is underexploited in classrooms (Hung & Yuen, 2010), and as a consequence, the number of publications in education remains small. Social Networking for Language Education, edited by Marie-Noëlle Lamy and Katerina Zourou, is a welcome addition to this area which currently offers limited empirical data (Wang & Vasquèz, 2012).


Tags possess a uniquely complicated system in written English, but ironically, relevant data demonstrate that tags are being simplified in spoken language. In addition to the social stratifications, age and gender, such changes are also related to the universal habit in the user's way of thinking. A cross-linguistic analysis reveals that the shifts in tags comply with the general law in the language evolution.


OBJECTIVE
We examine the gap between the current and desired state of Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) education from the perspective of postdoctoral (DNP) teaching and education fellows.

OBSERVATIONS
In the assessment of the DNP Essentials framework, command of scholarly and scientific writing, ability to demonstrate critical thought, and significant variation in clinical experience among DNP graduates are top concerns.

DISCUSSION
These inconsistencies are problematic to the professional and public value of this terminal degree in nursing.


The Pattern and Structure Mathematics Awareness Project (PASMAP) has investigated the development of patterning and early algebraic reasoning among 4 to 8 year olds over a series of related studies. We assert that an awareness of mathematical pattern and structure (AMPS) enables mathematical thinking and simple forms of generalization from an early age. This paper provides an overview of key findings of the Reconceptualizing Early Mathematics Learning empirical evaluation study involving 316 Kindergarten students from 4 schools. The study found highly significant differences on PASA scores for PASMAP students. Analysis of structural development showed increased levels for the PASMAP students; those categorised as low ability developed improved structural responses over a short period of time.


Objective
To investigate the value of layer-specific strain in evaluating the changes of left ventricular three layers and segmental myocardial function in patients with different degree of aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods
Ninety-eight AS patients were selected as AS group from December 2017 to June 2019 in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital, they were divided into mild AS group(30 cases), moderate AS group(33 cases), severe AS group(35 cases); 30 healthy subjects were enrolled as control group.Longitudinal strain (LS), circumferential strain (CS) of endocardium, mid-myocardium, epicardium, global full thickness and each segment of left ventricular myocardium were measured by layer-specific strain and then compared.

Results
Compared with the control group, Vmax, PPG, interventricular septal thickness in diastole(IVSD), left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole(LVPWD), left ventricular mass index(LVMI), and E/e increased in all three AS groups(all P 0.05). There were no significant difference in CS of endocardial, mid-myocardial, epicardial and global full-thickness myocardium layers in basal, middle and apical LV segments between mild AS group and control group(all P>0.05). CS of endocardial, mid-myocardial, epicardial and global full-thickness myocardium layers were decreased in moderate AS and severe AS groups compared with control group(all P<0.05). CS of endocardial, mid-myocardial myocardium layers in basal and middle LV segments were decreased in moderate AS group compared with control group(all P<0.05). CS of three myocardium layers in basal, middle and apical LV segments were decreased in severe AS group compared with control group(all P<0.05).

Conclusions
Layer-specific strain can quantitatively evaluate left ventricular three layers and segmental myocardial function in patients with aortic stenosis, and has certain clinical application value.

Key words:
Echocardiography; Layer-specific strain; Aortic stenosis; Ventricular function, left


A wide-band FFT spectrum analyzer, called FX, is in operation at the Nobeyama Radio Observatory for spectroscopy of radio waves from the molecules in the gas clouds which are the cradles of stars. It processes input of six 320MHz bandwidth data streams into the output of fifteen cross-power spectrums of 1024 frequency channels each. This processing speed is 105times as high as usual computers. Its highly parallel pipeline architecture made it possible to achieve the above speed. The FX is made up of about 4500 LSI chips of CMOS gate arrays. They are designed using CAD and have 3900 or 2000 gates/chip, operate at 10 MHz clock rate, and consume 100 mW/chip or less. The SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) is better than 10 dB, which is adequate to the astronomical uses.


Geisser, Robinson, and Riley present a stimulating conceptual model of coping with chronic pain in which the authors argue that maladaptive beliefs and coping are primary determinants of adjustment and influence adaptive beliefs and coping through their influence on perceptions of control. We discuss some aspects of the model that require further refinement. First, the assessments of beliefs, appraisals, and coping need to be independent of outcome, obviating the use of "adaptive" and "maladaptive" in conceptual models. Unqualified statements about the universal adaptive ness, or maladaptiveness, of appraisal and coping strategies are likely to be unusual, since some strate gies may result in higher emotional adjustment but not physical adjustment or vice versa. Second, beliefs, appraisals, and coping are distinct conceptual dimen sions. Conceptual models that delineate relevant dimensions of these constructs rather than unify these partially independent constructs will likely have greater utility.Third, broadening the conceptualization of pain appraisal to include the individual's interpreta tion of the meaning of the pain is likely to provide expanded understanding of the pain coping process. Fourth, factors active in the individual's environment, particularly social relationships, need to be integrated into any comprehensive model of coping with chronic pain. And fifth, the bidirectional relationships between beliefs, appraisals, and coping need to be integrated into conceptual models. These processes are interre lated and feed back to one another as the individual struggles to cope with the challenges and threat posed by pain. The inherent complexity of coping with pain requires conceptualizationsthat address its trans actional nature and methodologies that capture this


Effect of thermal-mechanical cycle training on corrosion resistance and low temperature relaxation of the Fe-15Mn-4Si-8Cr-4Ni shape memory alloy was studied,The results show that with the increase of the number of cycle,corrosion resistance of alloy in 5% NaOH solution decreases due to thermal-mechanical cycle treatment resulting in a large number of carbide precipitates.Low temperature stress relaxation ratio of alloy after thermal-mechanical cycle treatment is higher than that without the cycle treatment by about 3%.The higher low temperature stress relaxation ratio is due to the improvement of recovery stress for stress-induced e martensitic transformation providing a large driving force,as well as the lower critical stress for stress-induced e martensite.


Abstract This study examines the role that product novelty plays in influencing a number of attitude-related variables, as well as its role in moderating the relationship between ad attitudes and brand attitudes. The results of an experiment indicate that the formation of brand attitudes for a novel or unconventional product may depend more heavily on consumers' affective reaction to the advertisement than on their brand-related beliefs.


Wheat breeding program began in 1998 to obtain new variety with high productivity. The F2 of sixty crosses between different parents from ICARDA were introduced. The selection purification was done during the period 1998-2003 by using pedigree method. Series of experiments and field demonstration carried out during two consecutive seasons (2010-2011 and 2011-2012) with application of selection index to selected inbred lines superior over the local variety (Sham 6). Results showed that selection J53 (Al-Fayad) from cross (ACSAD 875 // URES *2 / PRIS) was superiority in grain yield ranged between (5153.9 7329.4 kg.ha -1 ) over the sham 6 by 46% 174.8%. The high grain yield of this variety related to its components, in addition to variety resistant to leaf rest since the degree of resistance to disease according to loegering scale ranged (R to 5R), of what added the staibility to the productivity of developmented line J53 over seasons and locations of evaluation, whereas the variety Sham6 gave sencetive degree (65 S) according to loegering scale over seasons and locations of evaluation, which led to decreasing the productivity of the variety Sham 6. We conclude that the genotype J53 have higher potential to superior grain yield per area unit, and its resistance to the disease of leaf rust over the seasons that spread the disease with endemic form at Hawija and Tikrit compared to the certified variety at that area. Therefore we recommend registering and adoption of this genotype with name "Al-Fayad", because of its copious' productivity. ــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ


Family expenditure for education is becoming more diversified in pace with ever-increasing demand for education.More attention has been focused by academic scholars and research companies on educational spendings opted by families at their own discretion for their children at elementary education level.Given the newly emerging circumstances in family educational consumption,it's necessary to discuss the concept of family educational expenditure, its forms and structures,with an aim to provide useful reference and tool for government analysis on the subject structure and hot trend as well as subsequent policy making.


The kinetics of oxidation of coal char has been extensively studied during the last decade. A common goal of these studies has been to evaluate reactivity of char under diffusion-free conditions and to identify physico-chemical properties of a char which influence its reactivity. Thermogravimetric analysis has been widely used to obtain rate data for the reaction char oxidation. Isothermal studies have demonstrated that the oxidation rate changes with conversion and exhibits a maximum at a specific level of burn-off. Data have been analyzed to obtain the intrinsic reactivity and activation energy for char oxidation. In most of the previous studies, however, the activation energy has been calculated at a specific conversion, usually at 50% conversion or at a level corresponding to the maximum rate. Since the value of activation energy has a pronounced effect on the intrinsic reaction rate, it seems appropriate to investigate whether activation energy changes with conversion during oxidation of coal char. In this paper the results of a study on the oxidation of three bituminous coal chars are presented. The focus is on the variation of activation energy with level of burn-off for the three chars.


The aim of this article was to explore whether expectant parents' attitudes to termination or continuation of pregnancy, both in general and in case of fetal abnormality, are affected by previous experiences of miscarriage and whether attitudes change after ultrasound screening with normal findings. It was also of interest to investigate differences in attitudes in relation to age, parity and gender. A prospective one-year cohort study was carried out. Questionnaires were administered before and after the ultrasound examination. Analyses included 1258 women and 925 men. A comparison between the results pre- and post-ultrasound showed that after the ultrasound examination, there were significant changes towards a more positive attitude to give birth to a baby with an abnormality. Men were significantly more willing to terminate for a fetal abnormality and significantly less hesitant towards abortion in general than women. Women aged 35 years or older were significantly less willing to give birth to a baby with an abnormality and significantly more positive to termination for fetal abnormality than younger women. Parents showed understanding attitudes towards other parents' decisions no matter what these were. We conclude that parents need individualized information and support in connection with prenatal diagnosis, due to parental hesitancy. Midwives play an important role in this.


Law of inheritance in syari'ah yuresprudence occupy a very important place . Islamic Inheritance Law position of men and women equally (Q.s Surah al-Nisa, verse : 11 ) .However, despite the majority of citizens are Muslims, in terms of inheritance law applies three systems
of law; Islamic Law , State Law and Customary Law. Customary inheritance law applies in a particular society with different shades, depending on the system adopted and kinship that has long roots in the community. Truwai Village Community Central Lombok is a society
that still memberlakuan customary inheritance law. Kinship system Sasak interesting lineage of the men ( patriachat ). Consequently women are not given the right to inherit the property of his parents. In practice in the village Truwai , women are only given the right to inherit property move , while not moving possessions such as land and buildings transferred to heirs male.


The Chechen war became, perhaps, the most vivid metaphor for the lawlessness (bespredel) of the 1990s and early part of the next century in Russia. It exposed the least attractive features of the post-Soviet state: its cruelty, its indifference, and its lack of responsibility. War is never an organized event; and the history of every generation of war veterans is always a history of trauma, confusion, and disillusionment. Yet the Chechen war, like the Korean and Vietnam wars in the United States, added to these veterans' traumatic biographies a profound feeling of being betrayed — by the Russian state, by the military leadership, by the general public.


TURNER, CHRISTY G., II. 1967. The dentition of Arctic peoples Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. . 1969. Microevolutionary interpretations from the dentition American Journal of Physical Anthropology 30:421-26. . 1984. Advances in the dental search for Native Americar origins. Acta Anthropogenetica 8:23-78. TURNER, CHRISTY G., II, and J. CADIEN. 1969. Dental chipping in Aleuts, Eskimos, and Indians. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 31:303-10. TURNER, CHRISTY G., II, and JACQUELINE TURNER. 1974. Progress report on evolutionary anthropological study of Akun Strait district, eastern Aleutians, Alaska. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 16:27-57.


Review(s) of: Music: Promoting Health and Creating Community in Healthcare Contexts, by Edwards, J. (2007), Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 207 pages, ISBN (10): 1-84718-351-4 / ISBN (13): 97818147183514, Price UK 34.99, US$ 52.99.