This article aims to critically look at team teaching approach that is currently used in UWS TESOL internship program and the role it plays in achieving teaching and learning effectiveness and outcomes. Specifically, using ethnography approach, this project examines benefits this innovative student-centred approach brings to teacher mentors, student teachers and students, and further discusses various potential issues that may emerge. Both supervising teachers and student teachers who undertake their practicum at various English language centres work as a team cooperatively (e.g. researching curriculum resources, designing classroom activities, preparing lesson plans), communicate on a regularly basis and in various ways (e.g. face-to-face and via emails), and reflect on their teaching experience (e.g. both strengths and weaknesses). Both parties comment that team teaching approach encourages individual input and team communication as well as collaboration, promotes flexible use of teaching methods, develops critical thinking skills, contributes to quality teaching and accommodative learning, and maximises student learning experience as indicated in our operations of TESOL internship program for years. Student feedback is also positive in that their individual learning needs are met and supported. Meanwhile, the author also notes some emerging issues and challenges (e.g. student teachers' knowledge gaps in grammar, time management and intercultural communicative competence issue) in the current internship practice. Finally, team teaching approach is pedagogically discussed and recommendations are made to address the emerging issues for future improvements.


How can one understand the phenomenon known as "ethnic violence?" Does subsuming events under the category "ethnic violence" assist our understanding or does it obscure it? Are there lessons that the form ethnic violence takes can teach us? These questions are important not only for anyone interested in the causes and prevention of ethnic violence but also for those who wish to understand group behavior more generally. I explore this question more fully through analysis of the case of the Russian Federation. Russia is a country where in recent times skinhead violence against ethnic minorities has become an important issue. According to Tarasov, Russia contains between 60,000 and 65,000 skinheads active in at least 85 different cities. These skinheads daily commit appalling acts of violence against members of ethnic minorities and human rights activists. Three instances of violence all from the year 2006 help to illustrate some of their activities.


This paper applies aesthetical principle of ecology to expound the ecological wisdom of Cizhou Kiln poems and song lyrics in the three angles of ecological narration,ecological world of conception and ecological nature so as to develop a new research area.


Essential Medicine System has been applied in China for three periods.But there are many problems on it.It is not well known by publics and not perfect in many aspects.Legislation on Essential Medicine System is necessary and practical.The legislation frame of Essential Medicine System needs to be improved.


Meniere's diseases is a type of inner ear diseases caused by seeper of membranous labyrinth,which is equivalent to the ear vertigo of Chinese medicine. In this paper,the author thinks controlling water should throughout the treatment of the disease based on its pathological basis——seeper of membranous labyrinth,which belongs to the generalized phlegm and retained fluid of Chinese medicine. The so-called water controlling includes resolving phlegm,eliminating drinks,discharging water,expelling dampness,tonifying spleen,warming yang,and so on. In this paper,it summarized embodiments of water controlling in the treatment of Meniere's diseases from the perspective of the ancient and current literature,experimental research and modern pharmacological studies.


Nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) materials have attracted attentions due to their potential applications in solar cells, lithium ion batteries, photocatalyst, and fuel cells. TiO2 can be formed in various structures such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanosheets, nanoribbons and nanowires. The size and structure of these materials are affected by the synthesis methods and their conditions. In addition, the doping materials such as metal ion, metal oxide and alkaline incorporated with nanosized TiO2 play an important role in the development of efficient performance of TiO2 catalyst. This paper aims to review the synthesis method, structures as well as the applications of TiO2 especially in the field of photodegradation of organic compounds.


Let R be a non-commutative ring of characteristic different from 2, with center Z(R), Utumi quotient ring U and extended centroid C. Let G be a non-zero generalized derivation of R, k ≥ 1 a fixed integer, such that [G([r1, r2]k), [r1, r2]k] = 0 for all r1, r2 ∈ R. Then one of the following holds: 1. there exists α ∈ C such that G(x) = αx, for all x ∈ R; 2. R satisfies the standard identity s4(x1, . . . , x4) and there exist a ∈ U , α ∈ C such that G(x) = ax+ xa+ αx, for all x ∈ R. Mathematics Subject Classification: 16N60; 16W25


AbstractElectroless nickel has been the subject of some concern in recent years because of an increased number of premature failures, particularly in chloride containing environments. Failure is usually associated with corrosion at defects present in the coating caused by improper pretreatment of the substrate and/or poor quality plating procedures. The present paper provides a summary of the principal results obtained in a group sponsored research programme carried out by CAPCIS and assisted by the University of Nottingham. The project was designed to investigate the role of several plating parameters in controlling the formation of defects within the electro less nickel coating.


Tourism development in a marine park may have either positive or negative impacts on the protected natural habitats and its species. Marine Recreation Park (MRP) of Gili Matra, consisting of Gili Air, Gili Meno and Gili Trawangan islands, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Tourism development, however, is out of control by local and central governments. Since 1986 to present, most government management plans on tourism development of MRP Gili Indah is lack of implementation. The present study examined tourist satisfaction levels on tourism services and snorkeling and scuba diving experience. Using a systematic random sampling method, 51 respondents at Gili Trawangan (GT) and 46 respondents at Gili Meno and Gili Air (GM + GA) were interviewed using prepared questionnaires. The results show that level of tourist satisfaction between GT and GM + GA is not significantly different. Development of accommodation and restaurant showed highest level of tourist satisfaction. On the other hand, sign-posting, tour operators and shops show lowest tourist satisfaction. In snorkeling and scuba diving experiences, tourist satisfaction is high on water clarity and value for money. Tourist satisfaction, however, is very low on coral health, coral abundance and other marine life abundance. Fish size and abundance provide moderate tourist satisfaction. Rubbish and waste are the main issues of GT and GM + GA, while crowding is a big issue only at GT. Local and central governments should be aware of these results and start putting management plan in place, to ensure sustainable tourism development at the MRP Gli Matra.


Five polymer films commonly used in food packages were stored in an aqueous solution of 10 apple aroma compounds. Substances absorbed by the polymers were determined by a supercritical fluid extraction/gas chromatography method. Polypropylene absorbed most aromas, more than 2× amounts absorbed by low density polyethylene. Polyamide and polyester absorbed very small amounts of the aromas. Esters and aldehydes were absorbed much more than alcohols. Molecular size also affected absorption, larger molecules being absorbed to a greater extent than smaller ones. For most materials the absorption equilibrium was reached within a week.


Lead (Pb) contamination in soils is a major global concern for both humans and the environment. Saponin, a plant-based based and environment-friendly surfactant was used for remediation of Pb-spiked garden soil to test its effectiveness and suitability for Pb removal. A Box-Behnken design was designed to optimise the washing conditions using the following variables: soil type (100% topsoil; 50% topsoil/50% sand; 20% topsoil/ 80% sand); pH of the washing solution (2; 3.5; 5); and saponin concentration (1%; 3%; 5%). The results showed that optimum removal efficiency of 58.69% was achieved with saponin, while distilled water removed 3.92% Pb in a single wash. Saponin was found to be statistically more effective than distilled water (P< 0.05); an optimum pH of 3.5 significantly increased Pb removal efficiency (P<0.05). The washing process was found to cause slight surface erosion and weathering of the soil grains.


Persicaria thunbergii has been utilized for the treatment of cancer as a folk medicine. We examined the effect of isorhamnetin, a flavonoid isolated from Persicaria thunbergii, on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent angiogenic factor found in various tumors. In this study, we found that the isorhamnetin decreased bFGF-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) proliferation and migration in a concentration-dependent manner (5, 10 and 20 μM) whereas, it did not inhibit bFGF-induced capillary-like formation of HUVECs. The chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay revealed that addition of isorhamnetin (10, 20 and 40 μM) displayed an antiangiogenic effect in vivo. These results suggest that the isorhamnetin inhibits the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells induced by bFGF, which may explain its anti-angiogenic properties.


Children and adolescents with enuresis compose a group that is often referred for psychology services due to the impact that the disorder can cause. The present study compared the behavioral profile obtained with the CBCL/6-18 filled out by the parents of 163 children and adolescents referred for psychological treatment due to enuresis with the behavioral profile of 79 children and adolescents referred due to other types of problems. Few differences were found considering the age group (children vs. youths) within each group. Significant differences were found in the groups' comparison: the enuresis one achieved higher scores on the competences' scales and lower on seven of the 11 problems' scales. Results suggest that different psychological strategies should be chosen for each group, with focus on enuresis for the first one and on the development of competencies and solution of behavioral problems for the second.


Thirty-one centers in the U.K. recruited 637 patients (aged 21 to 75 years) with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension [diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 95 to 115 mm Hg, and systolic blood pressure (SBP)≤200 mm Hg on three occasions]. After a 4-week placebo runin period, 533 patients were randomized to receive double-blind 4 mg of lacidipine once daily (n = 268) or 50 mg of atenolol once daily (n = 265).


Placenta protein 14(PP14) is a group of glycoprotein synthesized in endometrium.Its expression is regulated by many factors.The main functions of PP14 are immune suppression,induction of cell differentiation,angiogenesis promotion and the regulation of the binding between sperm and the zona pellucida.With the research progress,the important role of PP14 is found in clinic,such as the role it plays in normal pregnancy,miscarriage,ectopic pregnancy,infertility,endometriosis and gynecological malignant tumor etc.This paper will sum up the outcomes of the researches on PP14.


Many rheumatic diseases may involve any organ system of the body including the skin. Proper understanding of rheumatic skin disease is necessary for making a diagnosis. In addition, there are important relationships existing between the cutaneous and systemic manifestations of rheumatic diseases. In management of these diseases, the interdisciplinary approach could generate better results. Among rheumatic diseases, the cutaneous manifestations of three major rheumatic diseases such as lupus erythematosus (LE), dermatomyositis (DM)/polymyositis and scleroderma/systemic sclerosis (SSc) will all be reviewed.


Posterior circulation aneurysms include aneurysms of the vertebral artery (VA), vertebrobasilar (VB) junction, basilar bifurcation, posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), superior cerebellar artery (SCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA). They differ from their anterior circulation counterparts because of their less accessible deep locations and propensity for complex morphology.


I. Technique of Hypophysectomy From the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases; the James Ewing Hospital, Memorial Center and the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center. Shown as a scientific exhibit of the Section on Experimental Medicine and Therapeutics at the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, New York, June 3-7, 1957. These studies were supported in part by grants from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service; the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, and the American Cancer Society. Referral of patients for hypophysectomy was made by the Breast Service, Memorial Center; Norman Treves, M.D., Chief. Other colleagues who collaborated in these studies are Drs. C. P. Rhoads, Henry T. Randall, Frank Adair, Rulon W. Rawson, Charles D. West, M. C. Li, John P. Maclean, John Finkbeiner, George Escher, and Ernest Schwartz; and Miss Constance Swedlin, Mrs.


Spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) are hereditary disorders characterized by degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem. The most common form of SMA is caused by decreased levels of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. This autosomal recessive condition results from mutations or homozygous deletions involving the SMN1 gene on chromosome 5q13. Non-5q SMAs are genetically heterogeneous, clinically diverse, and rare compared with 5q SMA.1 Various published classifications of non-5q SMAs have proved either inadequate or encyclopedic and confusing. Classification by distribution of weakness (distal, proximal, bulbar) and mode of inheritance is currently employed by most experts in this field.2,3 The classification scheme outlined in the table, although based on these premises, has its own limitations. It does not include all non-5q motor axonopathies or neuronopathies or SMA plus syndromes, and especially excludes conditions with uncertain nosology or those with no gene/locus information. The table is therefore offered as an aid to understanding non-5q SMAs by illustrating the …


This paper presents a novel frame fusion algorithm that aims at improving the side information in distributed video coding. Using a genetic algorithm, the proposed technique combines several interpolated frames, obtained by any existing methods, in a fusion based approach. Simulation results show a significant improvement in the side information quality, where the gain in PSNR exceeds 1dB most of the time, and can even reach 20 dB for some frames, compared to classical interpolation techniques available in the literature.


We describe an x-ray microprobe using multilayer mirrors. Previously, we had demon strated a Kirkpatrick-Baez type focusing system working at both 8 and 10 keY and suc cessfully applied it to a variety of applications, including the determination of elemental contents in fluid inclusions. In this paper, we show that the usable excitation energy for this microprobe is not restricted to between 8 and 10 keY, and furthermore, it can be simply tuned in operation. A 10-keV x-ray fluorescence microprobe can be used to measure the concentration of the elements from potassium (Z=19) to zinc (Z=30) using K x-ray lines, and from cadmium (Z=48) to erbium (Z=68) using L x-ray lines. There are a number of geologically important elements in the gap between gallium (Z=31) and silver (Z=47) and also with Z > 68. In order to cover this range, a higher excitation energy is required. On the other hand, for samples that contain major elements with absorption edges lower than the excitation energy , it would be hard to detect other minor elements because of the strong signal from the major elements and the background they produce. In this case, a tunable X-ray source can be used to avoid the excitation of the major elements. We demonstrate that, with the existing setup, it is possible to tune the excitation energy from 6 ke V to 14 ke V, in this range, the intensi ty does not decrease by more than one order of magnitude. As an illustration, a geological sample was examined by using two different excitation energies to show the advantage of a tunable source. Finally, we discuss the possibility of further extension of the excitation energy range as well as the possibility of improving the intensity.


Abstract Founded in 1906, the Alpine Club of Canada (ACC) was a key proponent of mountain adventure and advocacy. This paper examines the club's annual camps, physical culture, and conservation involvement as indicators to understand the integration of mountaineering and parks in Canada in the twentieth century. It surveys the club's origins and highlights its shifting agendas. The ACC mountaineering camps and classic alpine ascents invented a tradition for middle-class sport and tourism in mountain parks, particularly in the Rockies and Columbia Mountains. The club advocated for climbers but also for conservation in wild places. It participated in contested debates on parks and resource use as a stakeholder on public lands. The paper argues the ACC was a leading proponent of mountain pursuits, conservation, and tourism in a complex political ecology of engaged land use for sport and recreation intertwined with physical spaces and the social production of mountain parks in Canada. Adventure and advocacy were its legacy as well as education on the land. Based on archives, alpine journals, and other published sources, the paper illustrates an integration of people and places in landscapes of sport as well as contemporary mountain adventure, tourism, and conservation issues in Canada and internationally.


The prospects for the automotive industry depend upon its continued internationalization and the avoidance of protectionism. Internationalization should include joint ventures between companies to improve cost effectiveness and technology exchange. Companies will need to adapt their internal structures and working practices to keep pace with technical and industrial developments. Within this context new methods of adopting technology and new attitudes to industrial relations will evolve. The vehicles or the future will offer greater fuel efficiency, more usable interior space, and will incorporate sophisticated electronic control systems. They will also be constructed or new, light synthetic materials, and may well be offered with a variety of types of power trains and run on alternative fuels. Manufacturing technology will also undergo a transformation with further developments in robotics, computer control systems and computer–aided design.


According to the structure characteristic of Schnorr signature and the existing structure methods of blind signature,a generalized Schnorr blind signature scheme is presented,from which three different schemes and the optimal scheme could be derived.Moreover,their security is theoretically proved in theory and the experiment result indicates the scheme is feasible,secure and operable.


Authority figures permeate our daily lives, particularly, our political lives. What makes authority legitimate? The current debates about the legitimacy of authority are characterised by two opposing strategies. The first establish the legitimacy of authority on the basis of the content of the authority's command. That is, if the content of the commands meet some independent normative standard then they are legitimate. However, there have been many recent criticisms of this strategy which focus on a particular shortcoming – namely, its seeming inability to account for who can legitimately command whom. This is the basis of the second strategy, which attempts to characterize the normative relationship that underlies and makes possible authoritative commands. The central point of Part I is that these two strategies are, in fact, not opposed and both raise questions which a theory of legitimacy must answer. If this is the case, then we need to ask: how ought we to determine the legitimacy both of the content of commands as well as who can command whom? Part II will answer this question. Starting with the question of standing, I argue that we ought not to look for normative principles outside of the institutions in which authority is embedded. Rather, one ought to start by elaborating the ontology of institutions in which a sui generis form of normativity arises. A joint commitment account of social ontology provides the tools necessary to see how the direction obligations emerge concurrently with the formation of institutions. Similarly, the question of content can be answered by paying close attention to the social ontology of institutions. We need not look beyond the internal constitutive standards of the institution itself. The constitutive standards provide an internal criterion by which the legitimacy of commands can be established.


On a conventional T-shaped glass chip, a permanent magnet is utilized to fix and decorate a nanometer magnetic bead of a DNA probe in a separation channel of a chip; the rapid, sensitive, high-specific, high-stability, low-cost separation detection on the DNA is realized by utilizing electric drive sampling and combining a laser induced fluorescence detector or an electrochemical detector, thus solving the defects that the time of separating and detecting the DNA by utilizing a microfluidic chip is long, the separation effect is poor, the sensitivity is low, the specific is poor and the stability is poor and the like; the interface manufacturing is avoided by an electric sampling manner; the influence of dead volume is removed; and the sample use amount is reduced in a narrower and uniform micro pipeline, and meanwhile the lower detection limit is ensured.


In diagnosis and conservative treatment of intussusception in children methods involving retrograde injection of water, barium suspension, air into the large intestine are widespread. This procedure is performed primarily after the administration of analgesic and antispasmodic drugs, presacral novocaine blockade, and less frequently - under anesthesia. Most authors use fluoroscopy to monitor the course of disinvagination and effectiveness of treatment. S.Y. Doletsky et al. report about the possibility of disinvagination with and under the control of fibrocolonoscopy.


In the past, the mode of contactor and current limiting resistor is generally used for high voltage pre-charging of electric vehicle, which is simple in structure and easy to realize. Besides, the integration degree of this mode is low. It needs to cooperate with external independent voltage sensor to realize over-voltage monitoring and current sensor to realize over-current protection, so its volume is large, its cost is high and its informatization degree is low. In this paper, the capacitive load pre-charging technology in the high voltage power supply system of electric vehicle is studied specially. The step type constant current charging circuit and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control method are designed by using the constant current source technology of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and the practical engineering application is carried out. The practice shows that this method can better realize the pre-charging control of the high voltage system of the electric vehicle, and provide a strong support for the modularization, integration and information design of the high voltage system.


A significant body of education research dating back to the Coleman Report (Coleman, 1967) documents inequity in the schooling opportunities of advantaged and disadvantaged students in U.S. public schools. More recent empirical research has documented the extent to which there are "teacher quality gaps" (TQGs) in the distribution of teacher qualifications between advantaged and disadvantaged students (both within schools and across schools and districts)1, while an even newer line of research documents the distribution of teacher quality according to estimates from value-added models (VAMs) of teacher effectiveness.2


How are the students? In current school moral education, this plays a major role in the moral evaluation system. This sort of" study-evaluation" arises mainly because of a misunderstanding of integrated moral education process and the function of moral education,which lays no responsibility on schools and teachers. Turning to"teacher-evaluation"becomes a necessity because of the innate characteristic of moral education and moral evaluation. It is also of the responsibility of schools and teachers. Nevertheless,the value and role of"teacher-evaluation"should be examined more rationally,to avoid any ill tendencies of over-exaggeration or degradation.


This paper is concerned with the elastic-plastic analysis of an infinite plate with a crack under von Mises' and Tresca's yield condition. The method of analysis is by the body force method extended to the elastic-plastic problems. In this method, the solutions are obtained by superposing the stress fields of a pair of point forces in an infinite plate with a crack, so as to satisfy the constitutive equation of plasticity. The main results obtained are as follows: (1) If Tresca's yield condition is used for the strain hardening material under the plane stress state, the plastic zone near a crack tip is found to be "l"shape, i.e. one part satisfying the yield condition |σ1-σz|=σs extends slenderly along the x axis, and another part satisfying the yield condition |σ1-σ2|=σs extends at about 60°° to the x axis. When the rate of strain hardening is very low, the plastic zone becomes a line shape similar to when the Dugdale model is applied to a non-hardening material. (2) If the stress intensity factors under the combinations of several loads and crack lengths are equal, the distributions of elastic-plastic stress and strain are nearly the same, independently of crack length, within the range where the plastic zone is smaller than half of the respective crack lengths.


ABSTRACT The pharmaceutical drug under investigation in this paper has two hydration states with several polymorphic forms. The two hydration states are tetrahydrate and monohydrate. Two polymorphs of monohydrate are in competition. Process must lead to the metastable therapeutic form (TF) although the non therapeutic form (NTF) is the stable one. The sensitive stage is drying From desorption isotherms coupled with infrared spectroscopy, an equilibrium diagram of the different forms versus the external conditions (temperature and relative humidity) is performed. A macroscopic study achieved on tangential convective drying shows that the equilibrium diagram does not insure to obtain the metastable form after drying. It is deduced from an experimental analysis of internal temperature and water activity that the final form depends on the local thermodynamic path. Indeed, if NTF favourable conditions occur within the product during the process, this irreversible form remains although the final form predicted ...


In this work, a novel core‐shell structure consisting of a porous graphite core, a nanosilicon filler layer, and a pitch coating carbon shell has been developed for lithium‐ion battery anode material. This structure was prepared by liquid‐phase milling and carbonization processes. Compared with other silicon (Si)‐based anode materials, this structure has a unique three‐dimensional conductive network consisting of conductive materials of conductive carbon, graphene, porous graphite, and carbon shell. The conductive network could effectively enhance the conductivity of the core‐shell structure. In addition, this structure was designed with moderate porous rate that provided nanosilicon appropriate expansion space. The coin cell test showed that this new material has a reversible capacity of 400 mA h g−1, retention of above 95% after 40 cycles, an initial columbic efficiency of 83.04%, and an average coulombic efficiency of above 99%. This novel material could have a great potential for future commercial application. The structure designed could be a possible solution for Si anode materials with low manufacturing cost and high performance.


of the gallbladder wall, lumen filled with echogenic millimetric particles compatible with microlithiasis). Subsequently, endoscopic ultrasound was performed and revealed inflamed (diffuse ductal wall oedema) and dilated common bile duct and cystic duct, both filled by an elongated and rounded structure with a double-tubular core (Fig. 1), and multiple enlarged hilar lymph nodes. According to the diagnosis of cholangitis, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed. When reaching the duodenum, a squirming live worm was observed coming out of the papilla (Fig. 2). It was gently grasped using a rat-tooth forceps and pulled out by removing the duodenoscope and forceps together through the mouth (Fig. 3). Cholangiography showed no filling defects. The pathological examination was consistent with a specimen of Ascaris lumbricoides (Fig. 4) and a single dose of albendazole was administered. The patient had a complete clinical and analytical recovery and was discharged with a scheduled delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ascariasis is the most prevalent helminthic infection in humans, above all in tropical countries with poor socioeconomic conditions. It is acquired through the ingestion of matured ova in contaminated water, raw vegetables, and food [1–3]. Once in the duodenum, eggs hatch and larvae are released, penetrating the mucosa and migrating through


Double Patterning Lithography (DPL) for next-generation wafer exposure is placing greater demands on the requirements for pattern placement accuracy on photomasks: the DPL mask pair must now meet the pattern placement specifications that a single mask was required to meet in previous generations. As a result, each mask in the mask pair must individually conform to much tighter mask registration specs. Minimizing all sources of systematic overlay error has become critical. In addition, the mask-to-mask overlay between the two masks comprising the DPL pair must be measured-a methodology shift from the current practice of referencing mask registration error only to design data. Characterizing mask-to-mask overlay error requires the ability to measure pattern placement errors using in-die structures on reticle pairs. Today's analysis methods do not allow for comparison of registration maps based on different site locations. This gap has created a lack of information about the true overlay impact of mask-to-mask registration errors on masks with few or no common features. A new mask-to-mask overlay analysis method is demonstrated that provides new flexibility for mask-to-mask comparison. This new method enables mask manufacturers to meet fab requirements for DPL, and it enables semiconductor manufacturers to verify if overlay deviations are within acceptable limits.


In the second half of the nineteenth century, France suffered of one of the highest rates of tuberculosis in Europe. This illness increased gradually until its peak in the late 1880s and early 1890s, whereupon it started decreasing. The high infant mortality rate, caused by different forms of tuberculosis, was especially considered a huge problem. Infant mortality claimed as many lives as major epidemic diseases and thus had a considerable effect on long‐term demographic development. The concern over tuberculosis and infant mortality led to the development of several initiatives and the establishment of numerous kinds of institutions. An example of this was the rise of sea hospitals on different European coasts, which were believed to enhance children's welfare by putting them in a healthy environment. This paper deals with the history of the Sea Hospital of the City of Paris, which will be analysed as part of a larger project of social, medical and educational engineering, i.e. processes of institutionalisation in France in the nineteenth century. In the discussion regarding the rise and the growth of sea hospitals for tuberculous children two topics are explored. First, there is the development of a professional network of medical services aimed towards children at risk during the second half of the nineteenth century. In the history of the sea hospital in Berck‐sur‐Mer the development of this medical discourse can be illustrated by the transition from a hospice maritime (focusing on the sea, the sun and the sand as natural healing agents) towards an hôpital maritime (where medical treatments required the more and more professional medical doctors). The second topic deals with those mechanisms that lay behind the growing medicalisation of childhood. In line with, for example, the research of Bakker and De Beer on the educational meaning of the medical inspection in Dutch schools, the article will consider how the (medical) practices aimed at the children living in the sea hospital were embedded within their social and cultural context. The central idea is that these practices were functioning as normalising techniques. The leitmotiv of Cazin, the doctor in charge at the sea hospital between 1879 and 1891, "Il ne s'agit pas de guérir, mais de refaire et créer" (It is not about healing, but about reconstructing and creating), illustrates this idea very well. The medical practices that took place in the sea hospital clearly served a double goal. Of course, the medical doctors were striving for an improvement in the children's medical status. However, the focus was much more on moulding the children's hearts and souls. By removing the children from their family and by putting them in a natural setting, far away from all dangers of their life in the city, the hope existed to create newborn citizens.


INTRODUCTION: The human neutrophil antigen (HNA) 3a/b is associated with a single amino acid substitution (R 154Q polymorphism) on the first extracellular loop of choline transporter-like protein 2 (CTL2). Antibodies against HNA-3a have been associated with severe and fatal transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Epitope mapping suggests the existence of two types of HNA-3a antibodies. Type I antibodies only require first extracellular loop of the CTL2 for expression of the antigen, type II antibodies require at least the first 3 extracellular loops of CTL2 in a native configuration (i.e. expressed on a cell membrane). This study aimed to evaluate the activity of type I and type II anti-HNA-3a antibodies in an in vitro TRALI model.
 STUDY DESIGN & METHODS: The granulocyte agglutination test (GAT) and granulocyte immunofluorescence test (GIFT) were used to confirm anti-HNA-3a activity in two donor sera (Q49 and Q50). Flow cytometry was used to confirm antibody binding to freshly isolated human or mouse neutrophils. A rabbit polyclonal antibody against an epitope in the third extracellular loop of CTL2's was coated onto the wells of an ELISA plate and neutrophil HNA-3a antigen was captured and sera tested. For the TRALI model, human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) were grown to confluence before being treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Freshly isolated neutrophils from HNA-3aa homozygote donors were then added with 10% Q49 or Q50. Microscopic counting of Trypan blue staining was used to measure rate HLMVEC death. Significance was determined using a one-way ANOVA (p<0.05), followed by Dunnett's post-hoc test.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: GAT and GIFT confirmed that both Q49 and Q50 contained an anti-HNA-3a antibody, and that neither contained antibodies against any other HNA or HLA molecules. In flow cytometry, both Q49 and Q50 bound to human neutrophils, but only Q49 bound to mouse neutrophils. In the ELISA, signal was detected only for Q49. These data provided evidence that Q49 was a type I antibody and Q50 was a type II antibody. Within the TRALI model, HLVMEC death was observed with both Q49 and Q50 only in the presence of LPS and neutrophils (Table 1). Previously reported HLMVEC permeability in the absence of neutrophils (Bayat et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013) was not observed as in this study the outcome measured was HLMVEC death. In the present study, the effect for Q49 (type I) was significantly larger than for Q50 (type II; Table 1; p-value <0.0001).
 CONCLUSIONS: In this model, LPS and neutrophils were required for anti-HNA-3a mediated HLMVEC death thought to reflect events involved in the initiation of TRALI. The observation that type I antibodies elicited a stronger response provides a direction for further research.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Without a doubt, Markula and Pringle's Foucault, sport and exercise. Power, knowledge and transforming the self offers an informative, well-crafted critical analysis of the body, identity, power relations, and technologies of the self. This text is a Foucauldian landmark in the sociology of physical education, health, fitness and sport. The protagonist here is Foucault*his theorizing, his writing, his intellectualism, and his mindfulness. Yet, the reading is not only suitable for Foucauldian devotees, but also for post-structuralist or post-modernist readers, academics who, like Foucault, are reluctant to be 'put in a box', or for postgraduates entering the fields of sociology of sport, physical education and health. In general, Markula and Pringle ask us to think about the social significance of sport, exercise, and physical education practices through the lens of Foucault. The book is organized into three main sections, with several chapters in each. Markula and Pringle open Part I of the book with an engaging portrayal of Foucault's life and work, especially helpful for newcomers to Foucauldian theory. Following this introduction, the authors dig deep into the essence of Foucault's notion of 'technologies of dominance'. Here, Markula and Pringle offer a detailed account of Foucault's theorization of power relations, panopticism, bio-power, and the ways that mechanisms of power function to normalize and discipline the body through sport, health, fitness and physical education discursive practices. While one of the strengths of these introductory chapters is the precise and persuasive articulation of Foucault's theorization of 'working power', it is this incisive emphasis on power that works to 'discipline' the reader to Foucault's view. Eventually, the text adopts Foucault's pessimist outlook on the world, and the reader is left with no hope of escaping the Panopticon. Power is everywhere, omnipresent, inescapable, Markula and Pringle assert, and even the significance of civil rights movements and feminist movements are circumscribed within the complex web of power relations. The authors do not consider, as I would suggest, that these socio-political movements were sites of the subversion and transformation of sexist, homophobic, and racist power relations. A number of post-modern and post-structuralist feminists argue that power is a male concept, and that Foucault's emphasis on power hinders the analysis of processes of empowerment so crucial for theorizing women's experiences (Bordo, 1990; Deveaux, 1994; Azzarito & Solmon, 2006). As such, this emphasis on power maintains sport as a male preserve, often celebrated as


The Gulf of Mexico holds vital natural, commercial, and societal resources. A diverse array of stakeholders (which includes the offshore energy sector, climate scientists, living resources managers, recreational and commercial fishing industry, tourism, navigation, homeland security, the National Weather Service, oil spill, tropical weather forecasters) rely on accurate and timely prediction of the deepwater dynamics to perform safe operations and to understand the complex interactions of the earth climate and weather system. A strategy to improve predictive skill of numerical ocean circulation models of the deepwater Gulf of Mexico using adaptive sampling of in situ oceanographic observational platforms, which includes autonomous vehicles, buoyancy gliders, floats, drifters, and high-frequency radar is described. Profiling platforms, i.e., gliders and floats, will collect co-located estimates of temperature, salinity, and current velocity, to provide estimates of the total kinematic vertical water-column structure. The observations will be made available to numerical circulation modelers for injection into data assimilation routines and for model skill assessment, validation, and data denial experiments. The activities, to take place in 2023 to 2027, are focused on the Mini Adaptive Sampling Test Run, i.e., MASTR, (summer 2023) and the Grand Adaptive Sampling Experiment, GrASE (2024-2025).


When accountant ethics is concerned, people will also pay attention to the impact of accounting practice on accounting ethics. Then, it is a question worthy of in-depth study that weather accounting students' accounting practice can improve their professional ethics reasoning ability or not. This paper tracks the level of moral reasoning ability changes of accounting students from university in Nanjing before and after the accounting practice to explore the effect of accounting ability by using the Accounting DIT. The study found that accounting practice helps to improve the accounting professional ethics reasoning ability of accounting students, but there is still a gap between the impact of accounting practice education on the moral reasoning ability of accounting students and accounting students' participation in accounting work.


A new system for the controlled release of rose perfume is presented. Mesoporous SBA-15 and KIT-6 materials as controlled-release agent are synthesized via hydrothermal method. Rose perfume was introduced into the pores of SBA-15 and KIT-6 via the incipient wetness impregnation method. This silica reservoir maintained a slow release of rose perfume over more than 10h. Rose perfume release was controlled by configurational diffusion in the SBA-15 and KIT-6 pores having free diameters of less than 12 nm. The release of rose perfume was tuned by adapting pore diameter and temperature. By fitting the release data, the results show that the release actions of rose perfume in SBA-15 and KIT-6 are consistent with Korsmeyer-Peppas model and First-order'model respectively.


Doped (with GaCl 3 ), undoped ZnO and ITO/ZnO:Ga nanostructured thin films are synthesized using the spray pyrolysis method. The doped ZnO thin films are synthesized at the atomic ratio of Ga/Zn added in the starting solution fixed at 1, 2, 3, and 5. Gallium-doped ZnO films synthesized on glass/ITO substrates are annealed at 450C in different environments: vacuum, oxygen, and hydrogen. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and current–voltage (I–V) measurements are applied to characterize the structural properties, composition, surface morphology, and electrical properties of ZnO:Ga nanostructured thin films. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that ZnO:Ga films deposited on glass substrates have a dense and homogeneous surface with a hexagonal structure. The ZnO:Ga films deposited on glass/ITO substrates are composed of two phases, namely, hexagonal ZnO and cubic ITO. The I–V characteristics show the presence of good ohmic contacts between Al and In metals and ZnO:Ga thin films regardless of the nature of the substrate and the annealing atmosphere.


Pathology of Tmurs in Laboratory Animab. Vol 3. Tumours of the Hamster. IARC Scientific Publications no. 34. (Pp 461; US$ 40; Sw fr 80.) World Health Organisation. 1982. This very readable short review of the Beta-Lactam antibiotics is the second of a Cancer Incide series from this publisher designed to allow IV. IARC Sci a well chosen individual the opportunity to Ed J Wat-rI offer a distillation of his experience and mugaratnam a knowledge of a subject without the need to 100; US$ 50.( cover it to total exhaustion. Dr Greention. 1982. wood's interest in the action of antibiotics on bacterial cells is well known, and his Prevent InfeP natural enthusiasm in this study is evident Noble. (Pp 1H in the text. It is clear and succinct, and l98m Heinem should appeal to a wide spread of readers 1 of different degrees of knowledge of the 1982 Year Bo subject. It could be a painless introduction RW Cumley to a student faced with this large and grow£33.) Year B4 ing group of antibiotics, but at the same 1982. time it contains information and views of more esoteric interest. The six chapters Notices deal with development, the response of bacteria, their action, resistance, interaction, and the therapeutic use of the BetaTechnology i Lactams. labontory me There are a number of illustrations, some of high quality, some bibliography, In recent yea and a good index. I would have preferred a made in und more traditional typeface to the typewritand moleculai ten style offered. disease proce;


We performed an experiment at Fermilab to search for CP symmetry nonconservation in the decay K~s ~ ~r+~r-~r °. To date CP violation has only been observed in K~L decays. We collected ~r+~r-zr ° decays between 0.6 and 7.6 Ks lifetimes from the production target, and searched for interference between the coherent Ks and KL decays. Our detector consisted of a magnetic spectrometer and a lead glass electromagnetic calorimeter. A double-beam, double-target method was used to control systematic uncertainties. K~s ~ 7r+~r decays that were collected simultaneously provided an important normalization. The result is lm(r/+-o) = -0.015-t0.017(stat.) -t0.025(syst.) with the theoretical constraint Re(r/+-0) = Re(e). CP symmetry nonconservation in the weak interaction was first discovered [ 1 ] in 1964 in the decay, K~L ---, ~r+~r . In the intervening time the only additional decays where CP violation has been found are K~L ~ 7r°'n "° , K~L ~ 7r+Tr-) ', and in the charge asymmetry in KL semileptonic decays. All data on these t Present address: Fermi Nafonal Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510. 2 Present address: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, L1, NY 11973. 3 Present address: Physics Department, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS 67601. 4 Present address: Physics Department, Seoul National University, Scoul 151-742, Korea. 5 Present address: Physics Depamnent, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405. 6 Present address: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455. decays can be explained by the hypothesis that the KL is a state o f mixed CP with mixing parameter e 2.3 x 10 -3 [2] . Since CP violation plays a central role in the standard model, and its origin is not well understood, it is important to study it in other decays as well. CP violation is predicted to occur in some rare Kt. decays and in some B meson decays, but it is difficult to study those decays using existing accelerators. However, CP violation must occur in Ks decays to the final states zr+~r-,n "° and ":r°'rr°'n "°, at least through mixing with the same parameter e. I f it is measured to proceed at any other rate, that would signal the existence of either direct CP violation or CPT symmetry violation. We performed an experiment at Fermilab to search for CP violation in /~s -* ~'+~''n'° by looking for interference between KL and Ks near the production 0370-2693/94/$07.00 (~) 1994 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved SSDI 0 3 7 0 2 6 9 3 ( 9 4 ) 0 0 5 6 2 L 520 Y. Zou et al. / Physics Letters B 329 (1994) 519-524 target. We measure the amplitude ratio r/ + -o = a ( K~s ~ 1r +1r~r° ) / A ( K°m ---+ "rr+rr-Tr°), where by A (Ks) we mean the CP violating part of the Ks amplitude. There is also a CP conserving part to the Ks amplitude, which is too small to contribute to the analysis reported here [3]. When one expands r/+_0 in terms of the mixing parameter e, one finds r/+_0 = e + e+' -0. Assuming CPT invariance, e+' -0 is imaginary, so that Re(r/+_0) = Re(e) ~ Re(r/+_) [4]. We use this constraint in fitting our data. Predictions of e~._0/e vary in the standard model from the 10 -2 to 10 -1 levels, and are larger in some extensions of the standard model [5]. All prior experimental work places a limit IIm(r/+-0) I < 0.35 at 90% confidence level [6]. The number of K ° ~ 7r+zr-Tr ° decays per unit interval at proper time t is d N _ NLB+-o { e _ t / r t " + ir/+_012e_,/~s dt rL +2DIr/+-01 cos(Amt + ~b+-0)e -'/2~'} (1) where NL is the number of KL at the target, B+-0 is the K°L ---, 7r+Tr-'rr ° branching ratio, rL(rS) is the KL (Ks) lifetime, Am is the Kt. Ks mass difference, ~b+_0 is the phase of r/+_0, and D is the dilution factor: D = (K ° K ° ) / ( K ° + K °) at production [7]. The three terms of Eq. ( 1 ) are due to pure KL, pure Ks decays, and interference between KL and Ks, respectively. Our experiment measures the product of d N / d t and the acceptance of our detector. To minimize the uncertainty in the correction for acceptance, we collected data from two targets. This situation is illustrated in Fig. la. One target, the interference target, was located at the entrance to a magnetized collimator (called the hyperon magnet) that defined the neutral beam. Kaon decays downstream of the hyperon magnet were accepted by our detector. The second, or normalization, target was located 25.5 m upstream of the first target. This distance corresponds to about three Ks lifetimes for our average momentum kaon, so for decays in the vacuum decay region the falling exponential factors suppressed the pure Ks and interference terms in Eq. ( 1 ), while leaving the pure KL term unaffected. Thus for these decays, we have a check on our calculation of the detector acceptance. To control for possible time dependence of this acceptance, we collected data from both targets simultaneously, by splitting the Fermilab Proton Center beam into two parallel proton beams separated horizontally by 5 cm, and having each strike one of the targets. Particles from the two targets illuminated two holes in the collimator to make two kaon beams. The roles of the two beams were reversed periodically by moving both targets to the opposite beam and adjusting the positions and intensities of the proton beams. The momentum of the protons was 800 GeV/c; the targets were made of tungsten, and the interference (normalization) target was 1 (2) interaction lengths long. The angle between the proton and kaon beams was about 0.5 mrad. Fig. lb shows a plan view of our detector [8]. It consisted of an evacuated decay region 19.5 m long, defined by two 1 mm thick scintillation counters (V and D) operated in the vacuum, three multi-wire proportional chambers (MWPC's) (CI-C3) , the spectrometer magnet, three more MWPC'S (C4-C6), three hodoscopes of scintillation counters (A, B, and P), and an electromagnetic calorimeter of 86 lead glass blocks. Each MWPC consisted of two planes of wires, with 2 mm spacing, which measured x and y coordinates, except C2 in which the wires were rotated by 45 °. The spectrometer magnet had a transverse momentum kick of 1.6 GeV/c. The photon detector consisted of a 3 /-,tad lead pre-radiator followed by lead glass blocks, 10 x 10 x 38.4 cm 3 ( 12 Lrad deep). The photon detector had a 10 x 10 cm 2 hole to allow the two neutral beams to pass through. We used the lead glass array to measure the interaction points and energies of the two gamma rays from "rr ° decays. The 7r+zr-Tr ° trigger required a V.D coincidence to signal the decay of a neutral particle, one hit on the left half and one on the right half of each of the A and B hodoscopes, and "yes" signals from each of three trigger processors. One trigger processor examined the pattern of hits in the A and B hodoscopes and chose events consistent with the decay of a K meson. A second performed a calculation using the hits in the C4 and C5 MWPC's to choose events for which the ratio of momenta of the two charged particles was between I /3 and 3. The purpose of this was to exclude the copious flux of A decays, for which the ratio of proton to pion momenta is always greater than 3. The third trigger processor examined the pattern of hits in the lead glass array and chose events with two or more Y. Zou et al. / Physics Letters B 329 (1994) 519-524 521


Abstract Perfected by biologists, the analysis of dental cementum rings allows us to know the precise age of the animals studied as well as their season of death. Cementum deposits are layers of various density formed regularly during the animal's life. Large, translucid deposits (observed with polarized light), growing during the good season (spring, summer, autumn), alternate with thin, opaque ones that grow during the bad season (winter). Used to study two French Azilian sites, La Fru and Campalou, this method gives us a better understanding the hunting behaviour of these two human groups. Thus, the Azilian hunters who established their camp in the La Fru and Campalou rockshelters hunted around the site, killing ibex. However, these two groups of predators preferred red deer. Taking advantage of the hunting opportunities offered by the environment, hunters at both sites made opportune captures to the detriment of summer herds of hinds and young. Also, at Campalou, they continued their predation during ...


A general method is shown here to model wind loads and responses for reliability applications. This method characterizes the short-term loads and responses by a few summary statistics: specifically, by a limited number of statistical moments. A suite of moment-based models are derived and applied here, illustrating how this statistical moment information can best he utilized. Two examples are shown: the fatigue analysis of a wind turbine component, and the vibration response of a fixed structure to nonlinear wind drag loads.


This study examined three distinct fantasy elements present among the nine different monsters featured in the classic trilogy "Myeong-Ju-Bo-Wol-Bing" and effectively integrated them into the creation of a drama synopsis. The fantasy elements embedded within this epic narrative can be summarized as follows: Firstly, the monsters' remarkable and unbounded transformation abilities enable an in-depth exploration of their conflicts with humans, providing a means for humans to fulfill their desires vicariously. Secondly, the narrative unfolds through captivating encounters, featuring mysterious items, between the monsters and celestial beings, resulting in awe-inspiring spectacles. Thirdly, the tale of reincarnation, transitioning between monster and human forms and vice versa, instills a sense of tension and eager anticipation.
The drama synopsis takes native monsters from Korean classic literature and reimagines them as modern entities, delving into their hidden psychological depths and desires. The narrative serves as a fantasy hero novel, weaving themes of coexistence and communication between humans and monsters into its core.


Electrochemical metallization-based two-dimension- al (2D) material memristors with vertical transport and small inter-electrode distances have been reported recently. Their device characteristics exhibit multiple conductance states with relatively low switching voltages, which make them well-suited for low power neuromorphic applications. Our work models the transport in these 2D material-based memristors, with a focus on explaining and capturing their current-voltage characteristics. The model also captures the dynamics of switching (with an emphasis on the estimation of switching energies and delays), and quantitatively captures the experimentally observed spike-time-dependent plasticity behaviour in these devices. The simulation results obtained using our model (and implemented in Verilog-A) have been validated with experimental data from multiple sources. Our work demonstrates the flexibility of including different transport mechanisms (such as, tunneling, space charge limited conduction) in a unified simulation framework.


The origin of the name of attapulgite,the composition of the crystal structure,property,and its classification were reviewed.For its unique physical and chemical property,the research of attapulgite in various fields and its development status were focused on.Applied perspectives were also represented.


Wordle is a popular puzzle currently offered daily in the New York Times. The purpose of this paper is to develop a predictive model that predicts the percentage of different attempts made to solve the game. First, we calculated the five Spearman correlation coefficients representing the word attribute and the percentage of hard mode separately and found no significant relationship between the word attribute and the percentage of hard mode scores. To predict the percentage of different attempts in the results, we built a multimodal model. The Informer algorithm was used to analyze the time series, and the XGBoost algorithm was used to analyze the word attribute data, and then the model was improved using the attention mechanism and the sliding window mechanism. The final prediction of the percentage of attempts was made for the word "EERIE" on March 1, 2023.


In the past few years historiography has become increasingly aware of, and has even analysed, popular sentiment and aspirations. The study of German National Socialism illustrates this trend. Hitler's key position as charismatic leader of the Nazi movement has led, understandably, to a proliferation of biographical studies of the Nazi leader. However, from the outset it has been recognized that consideration of Nazi institutions and of their mass following is essential, and it is in these fields that much recent work has concentrated. The resulting methodological problems have also been discussed within the context of the membership of the Nazi storm-trooper formations (SA). The understanding of the place of such an institution in history is, by its very nature, at least partially dependent on an awareness of its membership's social profile. In general this may be established without undue difficulty by reference to membership records, with historical interpretation following. However, analysis of the SA's membership, particularly the mass of anonymous rank and file members, poses especially delicate problems because of the nature of the source material available. Partly because of the SA's own records system,' and more especially because of the massive accidental and deliberate loss and destruction of records at the close of the war, only remnants of the SA's membership records remain.2 Disagreement has arisen recently over how best to reconstruct a picture of the SA's social profile from these remnants, and how best to use the information gained. One recent article (Fischer) has concluded from two heterogeneous samples (i January I929 to 30 January 1933 and 31 January I933 to 30 June I934) that


The nucleation field in a synthetic antiferromagnet has been studied as a function of the stabilization strength. The results can be used to predict the magnetic stability in a GMR read-back head, that utilizes a synthetic antiferromagnet instead of a single pinned layer. Experimental studies showed substantially improved magnetic stability at higher temperature in synthetic antiferromagnet spin valves.


Overview Monetary models of finance and debt often assume that energy resources and technology are not constraints on the economy. Energy transition scenario models often assume that economic growth, finance and debt will not be constraints on the energy transition. These assumptions must be eliminated, and the modeling concepts must be integrated if we are to properly understand the dynamic interactions between energy and financial sectors of the economy as well as the dynamics of a low-carbon and/or renewable energy transition over multiple decades. Methods Here the research seeks to integrate macro-scale system dynamics models of money, debt, and employment (specifically the Goodwin and Minsky models of (Keen, 1995, Keen, 2013)) with system dynamics models of biophysical quantities (specifically population and natural resources such as in (Meadows et al., 1972, Meadows et al., 1974, Motesharrei et al., 2014)). Table 1 outlines the equations for both models. Table 1. Equations for the biophysical and monetary models to be linked in this research.


broadband radiation in three channels: total (0.3-∝ µm), shortwave (0.3-5.0 µm), and window (8-12.0 µm) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The CRS product supplies, along with CERES observed fluxes, model calculated fluxes at five atmospheric levels beneath every other CERES footprint. The radiation transfer model used is a modified version of the Fu and Liou radiation transfer model and is described in more detail below. CERES observations supply a "truth" against which the model can be compared at the TOA and broadband surface flux observations provide the same at earth's surface. Results are encouraging in that all sky biases, including all sites, for downward longwave (LW) and shortwave (SW) flux are less than 2%. For clear-sky biases are less than 1%. The worst error occurs in SW insolation under overcast skies with biases approaching 10%. These biases and their associated RMS' vary geographically as will be shown below.


An Islamic educational facility called a pesantren houses students, or santri, in dormitories. One of the biggest Islamic boarding schools in Jombang is called Darul 'Ulum. Students are expected to participate in early recitation activities, are forbidden from smoking, are forbidden from visiting the student rooms without the coach's permission, and are forbidden from entering the guest rooms. This research used a case study of a high school dormitory as an example. For proper monitoring of student breaches, a high number of students demand more efficient supervision. Based on these issues, a monitoring system is required that may alert the hostel supervisor to infractions in real-time, allowing them to take fast action against violators and impose sanctions in line with the seriousness of the offenses. This study uses an android application monitoring of students. According to the results of testing violations of students who smoke in the room using the MQ-2 sensor with 10 test trials, a 100% success rate is obtained in detecting cigarette smoke, and testing violations of students who are still in the room at the time of the early Koran reading with using a PIR sensor with 10 test trials, the success rate was 100% in detecting the presence of students. Both the RFID sensor test and the fingerprint sensor test resulted in delays of 1.59 seconds and 3.01 seconds, respectively, with 100% success rates.


Negating the classical/quantum divide in line with Bell's hidden-variable ideas, we resolve Bell's 'action-at-a-distance' dilemma in accord with his hopes. We identify the resultant theory as clear local realism (CLR), the union of Bohr's 'measurement' insight, Einstein locality and Bell beables. Our method follows: (i) consistent with Bohr's insight, we replace EPR's elements of physical reality with Bell's beables; (ii) we let Bell's beable λ denote a pristine particle's total angular momentum; (iii) validating Malus' Law in our quantum-compatible equivalence relations, we deliver the hopes of Bell and Einstein for a simple constructive model of EPRB; (iv) we then derive the correct results for CHSH and Mermin's version of GHZ; (v) we thus justify EPR's belief that additional variables would bring locality and causality to QM. In short, advancing Bell's ideas in line with his expectations: we amend EPR, resolve Bell's dilemma, negate nonlocality, endorse Einstein's locally-causal Lorentz-invariant worldview, demystify the classical/quantum divide, etc. CLR: clear via Bohr's insight, local via Einstein locality, realistic via Bell beables.


Small rings that contain allenes are unconventional transient compounds that have been known since the 1960s. Despite being discovered around the same time as benzyne and offering a number of synthetically advantageous features, strained cyclic allenes have seen relatively little use in chemical synthesis. We report a concise total synthesis of the manzamine alkaloid lissodendoric acid A, which hinges on the development of a regioselective, diastereoselective, and stereospecific trapping of a fleeting cyclic allene intermediate. This key step swiftly assembles the azadecalin framework of the natural product, allows for a succinct synthetic endgame, and enables a 12-step total synthesis (longest linear sequence; 0.8% overall yield). These studies demonstrate that strained cyclic allenes are versatile building blocks in chemical synthesis. Description Synthesis by strain Chemists often rely on strained intermediates to drive reactions that relieve the strain. In this context, however, cyclic allenes that cram adjacent double bonds into tight carbon rings have been underexploited. Ippoliti et al. now report a synthetic route to lissodendoric acid A, a marine natural product that relies on transient generation of a cyclic allene to prepare the fused ring core (see the Perspective by Jankovic and West). They accessed a single mirror-image form of the allene from a chiral precursor by fluoride attack on a silicon substituent and displacement of an adjacent bromide, setting up a stereospecific Diels-Alder cycloaddition with a pyrone reagent. —JSY Strain relief of adjacent double bonds in a carbon ring enables a key cycloaddition in the synthesis of a marine natural product.


The problem of the reckoning of the tribunician power of the Roman Emperors leads us along thorny paths; but they are paths which the seeker after a true chronology must tread. The method usually followed by historians to-day—that of Eckhel, as developed and amplified by Mommsen—certainly approximates to the truth and seldom leads one far astray. There remain, however, sufficient evidences to show that it is not the whole truth; and, where exactness in dating really matters, nothing but the whole truth will do.


A purely growing mode propagating exactly parallel to the ambient magnetic field, driven by a cross‐field current was first discussed by Chang et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1104 (1990)]. This paper examines the nonlinear evolution of this instability and the resulting heating of the plasma with particular emphasis on application to the quasiperpendicular collisionless shock wave. It is found that when the cross‐field current is due to electrons, the instability saturates to extremely low level and the resulting heating becomes insignificant, whereas if the ions are allowed to drift the saturation level of the unstable wave is very large with substantial heating of both electrons and ions. On the other hand, if the electron drift is determined by equilibrium conditions such as the magnetic field and density inhomogeneities and local electric field at the shock front, it is found that the plasma heating becomes greatly enhanced.


Case reports of primary carcinoma of the duodenum, a rare and interesting condition, have appeared occasionally in the literature. The contributions of Crohn,1Eusterman, Berkman and Swan,2Meyer and Rosenberg,3Cohen and Colp,4Halsted,5Mayo,6Judd,7Ewing,8Rolleston9and Jefferson10are of especial interest. In several of the articles the literature has been tabulated comprehensively. However, the diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis and associated pathologic findings of carcinomas arising from the three areas of the duodenum have not been generally appreciated. In view of this fact and because of the rarity of these cases, it seems worth while to report and analyze the following six cases, which illustrate lesions of each type. These six proved cases have occurred in 176,000 admissions to this clinic. Several representative statistical reports indicate that duodenal carcinoma constitutes about 0.25 per cent of all carcinomas, and


As we saw in Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System, the ices in comets evaporate when they get close to the Sun, together spraying millions of tons of rock and dust into the inner solar system. There is also dust from asteroids that have collided and broken up. Earth is surrounded by this material. As each of the larger dust or rock particles enters Earth's atmosphere, it creates a brief fiery trail; this is often called a shooting star, but it is properly known as a meteor.


In this document there have been shown principles of data fetching, cleansing, transformation, normalization and filtering in order to prepare it for predictive analysis. This processes give the chance for data analysis in order to collect knowledge about it and enable developers to prepare best algorithm for this data to get most efficient and solution. Next step in this process is implementation of predictive analysis algorithm and it is necessary to choose best fit and build right algorithm. This document is based on algorithms for supervised learning because in data there is one dependant variable which value needs to be guessed.


This text presents the process of reconfiguration of the meaning and sense of action research as a critical-collaborative research starting from two experiences we have coordinated involving teams from university and from public schools in the State of São Paulo, as well as discussing its potential for impact in teacher education and action and its implications for public policies in education. Concerned with carrying out research in the school contexts, so as to help their teams to understand and give an answer to the intrinsic difficulties, we find in the qualitative approaches the most natural path. But, what perspective should we adopt? Should it be intervention-based? It did not seem to us to be the most adequate approach given its tendency to overtake the responsibilities of school workers. The ethnographic approach was not satisfying either, considering the risks of entangling ourselves in endless descriptions of phenomena. Neither did we want to carry out case studies. We were sure that we wanted to conduct research with the professionals in school contexts and not about them. Our expectation was one of contributing to their processes of continuing education. It thus seemed that the action research would be an adequate approach. However, considering the complexity that usually surrounds this approach, we were not tempted, at first, to give its name to the approach we were going to employ. As the study progressed, it gave shape to what we shall call critical-collaborative action research. It is with this process that the present text shall deal.


This book focuses on many approaches towards a better understanding of the geological, hydrogeological and paleoclimatic evolution of NE Africa. This volume contains 135 extended abstracts written by authors from some 20 countries. The papers are grouped into 8 topics including Precambrian evolution, Phanerozoic intreplate dynamics, sedimentology and stratigraphy, mineral deposits and metallogeny, Quaternary climatic and environmental change, Quaternary geology and paleolimnology, hydrogeology and hydrology and geophysics. The volume contains numerous texts, which bring now data and ideas on the various aspects of Northeast African geology. The book will be interest to structural geologists, geochemists, petrologists, sedimentologists, stratigraphers, hydrogeologists and researchers in Quaternary geology and paleoclimatology. It will also be an essential reference resource for all researchers interested in Northeast African geosciences.


The article describes a universal technique for creating digital projects for any road construction equipment equipped with an automated control system (SAU-3D), which includes surveying the repair route with the hardware and software complex (APK) "Profile" and a mobile laser scanner (MLS) "Scanput", data processing of a traditional project for repairs (longitudinal profile, straightening diagram), and adjustment of the digital basis of the existing railway track with design data from traditional projects. When using this technique, the transition to coordinate methods is carried out, linear-angular parameters are excluded due to the use of coordinates. The specifics of creating digital track models and digital projects at Russian Railways have been studied. An assessment of the accuracy of design solutions using SAU-3D and their compliance with regulatory requirements for the reconstruction and repair of railway tracks is given.


Of 12 Duke avocado trees tested, 10 were found to be free of sun blotch virus infection. However, two trees without sun blotch symptoms were infected and apparently both are symptomless carriers. These transmit the virus through seeds to their seedling progeny and can cause infection of the scion tops that are worked on them when used as rootstocks. These studies demonstrate that it is necessary to test all Duke seed-source trees before using them as rootstock parents.


It's one o'clock on a clear night, one of those rare occasions in Beijing when the weather is neither too hot nor too cold. I decide to get some exercise and walk home after a nice relaxing dinner with friends. As I'm strolling past the south gate of Ritan Park, I notice the lights are still on at a place I haven't seen before. 'Zing' it reads. I try the door, thinking that one more for the road won't hurt. Cautiously making my way past a row of tables flanking a row of gargoyles to my right, I am greeted by a charming


A woman earlier this year was forced to undergo surgery, a hysterectomy, and have her toes amputated after her intrauterine device (IUD) migrated to her stomach and liver, the media has reported.


This paper considers the problem of low-dimensional visualisation of very high dimensional information sources for the purpose of situation awareness in the maritime environment. In response to the requirement for human decision support aids to reduce information overload (and specifically, data amenable to inter-point relative similarity measures) appropriate to the below-water maritime domain, we are investigating a preliminary prototype topographic visualisation model. The focus of the current paper is on the mathematical problem of exploiting a relative dissimilarity representation of signals in a visual informatics mapping model, driven by real-world sonar systems. A realistic noise model is explored and incorporated into non-linear and topographic visualisation algorithms building on the approach of [9]. Concepts are illustrated using a real world dataset of 32 hydrophones monitoring a shallow-water environment in which targets are present and dynamic.


Experiments were performed using the laser extinction method to measure the thickness of the liquid film formed by growing flattened bubbles in a microchannel for gap sizes of 0.5 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.15 mm. Water, ethanol, and toluene were used as test fluids. A high-speed camera was also used to simultaneously measure the bubble growth process. It was confirmed that the gap size and bubble forefront velocity determined the initial microlayer thickness. The variation trend of the microlayer thickness relative to the velocity of the interface was divided into two regions: region I, where the velocity is small and the thickness increases linearly with increasing velocity, and region II, where the thickness is almost constant or decreased slightly with increasing velocity. Furthermore, a nondimensional correlation for investigating the effects of test materials and gap sizes on microlayer thickness is presented. An analysis of the results showed that the boundaries of the two regions correspond to a Weber number of approximately 110, and in the region where the Weber number was smaller than 110, the thickness of the microlayer was thinner for the liquid whose value of ρ 0.62 ν 0.42 σ -0.62 was relatively small. However, for the region where Weber number was larger than 110, the smaller the kinematic viscosity of the liquid, the thinner the microlayer became.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease which affects various tissues and organs mainly joints. Serum microRNAs are considered a new class of non‐coding RNA which plays a vital role in pathogenesis of RA.


The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of personal characteristics, institutional factors, and time-competing workplace requirements on scholarly productivity in peer-reviewed economics journals. The study utilizes a unique data set of individual-specific information for 714 academic economists. The multivariate regression analysis shows that both teaching and service commitments reduce scholarly work in peer reviewed journals. The paper also presents an analysis of the data disaggregated by gender. While the impact of teaching and service on productivity appears roughly similar, the results indicate that collaborative efforts, whether formal or informal, benefit women's publication efforts more than their male counterparts


This article from the probe cards,test equipment,test programs,and several other areas,combined with practical work problems and solutions,and different testing methods are compared to mention engage in integrated circuits,so as to achieve the purpose of improveing the efficiency.


In this essay Crossland explores Woolf's writing of threes in Between the Acts, the title of which itself places emphasis on the three intervals between the acts of its central pageant. Both the number three and triple repetitions of specific words are prevalent across this text, while Woolf often provides strings of three words, such as the 'orts, scraps and fragments' summing up the pageant. Woolf also describes 'Peace' as 'the third emotion', joining with 'Love' and 'Hate' to 'ma[ke] the ply of human life'. Although 'Love. Hate. Peace' only appear explicitly together once in the final novel, Crossland examines Woolf's typescript revisions and argues that, by focusing on the novel's tripartite structure, it is possible to read peace into certain other moments, in particular the end of the book in the form of both silence and sleep. By reading Woolf's final novel through complementarity structures that go beyond dualities,
Crossland shows how Woolf was able to writer a book with a 'triple melody' at its centre.


We have developed a transparent photovoltaic double glazed unit which exhibits three main features - concentrating direct solar rays on PV cells, allowing a viewer to see through the window a non-distorted image and having good thermal isolation properties. We describe the structure of the unit, and explain its fundamental optical properties. A model which simulates seasonal and day/night variations of the optical and thermal behavior of the window as a function of installation location is presented. The outputs of the model include the PV power generation and the change in the required power for heating/cooling due to the elimination of direct irradiation into the room. These outputs are used to optimize the optical design in order to achieve best overall energy saving performance.


From the smallest biological systems to the largest cosmological structures, spatial domains undergo expansion and contraction. Within these growing domains, diffusive transport is a common phenomenon. Mathematical models have been widely employed to investigate diffusive processes on growing domains. However, a standard assumption is that the domain growth is spatially uniform. There are many relevant examples where this is not the case, such as the colonization of growing gut tissue by neural crest cells. As such, it is not straightforward to disentangle the individual roles of heterogeneous growth and diffusive transport. Here we present exact solutions to models of diffusive transport on domains undergoing spatially non-uniform growth. The exact solutions are obtained via a combination of transformation, convolution and superposition techniques. We verify the accuracy of these solutions via comparison with simulations of a corresponding lattice-based random walk. We explore various domain evolution functions, including linear growth, exponential growth and contraction, and oscillatory evolution. Provided the domain size remains positive, we find that the derived solutions are valid. The exact solutions reveal the relationship between model parameters, such as the diffusivity and the type and rate of domain evolution, and key statistics, such as the survival and splitting probabilities.


Aiming at the common problems on flood control impact assessment of linear projects, combined with practical work experience, this paper summarizes and analyzes the characteristics and main impact types of linear projects involving rivers and embankments in recent years, and puts forward the key points of river and embankment impact assessment of linear projects in Zhejiang Province from the aspects of early site selection, construction mode, control factors and remedial measures. It is helpful to improve the quality of flood control impact assessment report, and provide reference for the design, construction, consultation and review of water conservancy department.


We carry out morphological spectral analysis of regular total electron content (TEC) variations, based on the data of dual-frequency GPS/GLONASS receivers located in mid-latitude and polar regions for the period from 2002 till 2015. We reveal basic harmonics, existent in TEC spectrum and determine their features. It is shown that variations with periods of 1, 1/2 … and up to 1/5 of a day, 27-days as well as 1, 1/2 … of a year constantly present in TEC spectrum. The amplitude and the number of clearly prominent harmonics vary according to solar activity level. It is noted that TEC variations patterns throughout the year in the mid- and high-latitude regions are similar. We also compared the dynamics of TEC variations with global electron content and F10.7 solar radio flux changes and showed that in general, all the ionospheric harmonics repeat F10 7 dynamics.


Growing needs for young people and second car of family are causing the increase of small vehicle. It's concerned about lower leg injury in a frontal crash of small car because of short engine bay area and small legroom. In addition, footrest for driver's convenience may cause more severe injury of lower leg in the accident. For this reason and according to strengthened safety requirement, it takes effort to reduce the lower leg injury. In this paper, occupant behavior CAE for the small vehicle which is installed footrest is conducted. This paper demonstrates y-moment of lower leg is main factor of tibia index and shows footrest optimization proposal for the improvement of lower leg injury.


The purpose of this study was to determine the level of English reading and English writing self-efficacy for learning English as a foreign language of Grade 7 students according to their Academic Program at Saint Dominic School, Bangkok. There were 181 students studying English as a foreign language, consisting of 53 students from Academic Program 1, 64 students from Academic Program 2, 32 students from Academic Program 3, and 32 students from Academic Program 4, in Grade 7 at Saint Dominic School, Bangkok, in the academic year 2018. This study followed a quantitative research methodology employing a questionnaire developed by Henk and Melnick (1992, 1996) composing of two parts: the Reader SelfPerception Scale used to address the level of English reading self-efficacy, and the Writer Self-Perception Scale used to address the level of English writing self-efficacy. There were three main elements included in the study: the level of English reading self-efficacy, the level of English writing self-efficacy, and the difference among Academic Program. In this study, the self-efficacy focused on English reading and English writing for learning English as a foreign language. The study found that Grade 7 students among Academic Program had high level of English reading self-efficacy, and average level of English writing self-efficacy. Furthermore, there was a significant difference both in English reading and in English writing self-efficacy among Academic Program. The study concludes with recommendations for practice and for future research.


Land degradation in the form of soil erosion is wor ldwide phenomenon leading to nutrient loss and is a major constraint to farming activities and sustainable agricultural development. Thus estimation of soil loss and ident ifica ion of critical areas for implementation of best management practice is centr al to success of soil conservation programme. In this study Geographical Information S ystem (GIS) has been integrated with universal soil loss equation (USLE) for the as sessment of soil loss at microwatershed level in the Nilser sub-catchment, Ningle catchment of Jhelum basin in J&K State. The main advantage of GIS methodology is in providing quick information on the estimated value of soil loss for any part of invest igated area. The rainfall erositivity Rfactor of USLE was found as 334. Soil erodibility K -factor varied from 0.30-0.60 and LS factor ranging from 0-247.82. The C-factor values w ere computed from existing cropping patterns in the micro-watershed and support practic es P-factors were assigned by studying land slope. Average soil loss was calculat ed to be highest in scrubs and open forest areas associated with moderate steep to stee p loping. The majority area of the micro-watershed is subjected to very low to moderat e erosion risk due to low LS factor value and high organic carbon content of soils. The study predicted that 86.9% area has very low, 11.86% area has low to moderate and 1.16% area has moderately high to very high risk of soil erosion in the micro-watershed. I n order to assess and investigate soil quality status of study area, a total of twenty nin e (29) surface soil samples and six profile samples were taken and examined and analyzed for so me morphological and physicochemical properties. The morphological characterist ics indicated that the colour of the soils had, by and large, similar trend with 10 YR a s common hue and have granular to sub-angular blocky surface and sub-angular to angul r blocky sub-surface structure. The analysis revealed that soils varied in their textur e from loam/silt clay loam at upper zone to silt clay loam/ clay loam at mid and lower zone, also gradual variation in texture was noted with increase in the depth of soil profiles. The pH of micro-watershed was slightly acidic to neutral with normal electrical conductivi ty and medium organic carbon status. Exchangeable cations were in the order Ca >Mg>K>Na in all the soil profiles studies. All the macronutrients were found in suffi cient range and among macronutrients K was higher in lower zone soils. The results showe d that erosion in the study area has a quantifiable effect on most of the chemical and phy sical properties in the upper, middle and lower zone of the micro-watershed. Land capabil ity classification showed that majority of soils belong to class , II, III and IV lands with limitation of erosion, drainage and fertility.


An analytical model based on Bowen and Holman [1989] is used to prove the existence of instabilities due to the presence of a second extremum of the background vorticity at the front side of the longshore current. The growth rate of the so-called frontshear waves depends primarily upon the frontshear but also upon the backshear and the maximum and the width of the current. Depending on the values of these parameters, either the frontshear or the backshear instabilities may dominate. Both types of waves have a cross-shore extension of the order of the width of the current, but the frontshear modes are localized closer to the coast than are the backshear modes. Moreover, under certain conditions both unstable waves have similar growth rates with close wave numbers and angular frequencies, leading to the possibility of having modulated shear waves in the alongshore direction. Numerical analysis performed on realistic current profiles confirm the behavior anticipated by the analytical model. The theory has been applied to a current profile fitted to data measured during the 1980 Nearshore Sediment Transport Studies experiment at Leadbetter Beach that has an extremum of background vorticity at the front side of the current. In this case and in agreement with field observations, the model predicts instability, whereas the theory based only on backshear instability failed to do so.


A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain, "If I steal a nickel's Worth of merchandise, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of another's wife, I am free." This is a prevalent misconception in many people's minds—that love, like merchandise, can be "stolen." Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for "alienation of affections".


0.2 W·m~(-2) UV-B radiation could induce Vicia faba leaves to not only significantly reduce their stomatal conductance and aperture as a whole but also significantly decrease photosynthetic activity of their leaf mesophyll,but this radiation could not exert significant influence on the stomatal aperture of excised epidermis strips.This indicated that 0.2 W·m~(-2) UV-B ratiation adjusted the stomatal movement of V.faba leaves mainly in indirect ways.Whether NO and H_2O_2 were concerned with the adjustment in indirect ways was further explored by pharmaceutical experiment and laser-scanning confocal microscopy.The results showed that cPTIO,a scavenger specific to No,and L-NAME,NO-synthase inhibitor,both effectively inhibited the closedown of the leaf stomata and the increase of endogenous NO in the guard cells,which were induced by UV-B radiation;ascorbic acid,a H_2O_2 in the guard cells,which were induced by UV-B radiation.In addition,exogenous NO or H_2O_2 could effectively induce the closedown of the leaf stomata.It was indicated that the indirect induction of 0.2 W·m~(2) UV-B radiation to the stomatal closedown of V.faba leaves related to NO and H_2O_2.


The objective of self-expression based spectral clustering is to learn an affinity matrix which accurately reflects the similarity among data, and the Laplacian constraint is usually exploited to make the affinity matrix preserve the global structure of raw data. However, there exist two drawbacks: firstly, these methods are mostly designed for vectorial data in Euclidean spaces, which are not suitable for multidimensional data with nonlinear manifold structure, e.g., videos and image-sets. Secondly, the clustering performance heavily relies on the quality of a pre-learned Laplacian matrix in which the global structure may be mis-interpreted without considering manifold structures. In this paper, we firstly provide a unified framework about self-expression learning on Grassmann manifolds, which implements the clustering tasks for multidimensional data under subspace views. Then, to assign optimal neighbors to each data depending on the local distance, we adaptively learn the neighborhood relationship from the obtained self-expression coefficient matrix, referred to Learning Adaptive Neighborhood Graph on Grassmann manifolds (GMAN). In the optimization process, the neighborhood relationship can be adaptively learned and updated with the coefficient matrix. The experimental results on five public datasets show that the proposed method is obviously better than many related clustering methods based on Grassmann manifolds, proving the effectiveness of GMAN in multidimensional data clustering.


: This study aims to know how the efforts of Kota Sabang community in maintaining and preserving the coral reef ecosystem in Iboih, Kota Sabang. The study was conducted in 2017, data collection techniques were using documentary studies, observations, questionnaires and in-depth interviews descriptively related to the efforts that have been done in the conservation of coral reef ecosystems. The data analysis shows that most (98.22%) of the respondents' answers have made efforts in maintaining and preserving the coral reef ecosystem in Iboih Kota Sabang. The role of communities greatly determines the success in managing the conservation of natural resources of coral reef ecosystems in coastal areas by empowering or raising awareness and understanding to convince coastal communities for long-term benefits of coastal protection as key to sustainable development.


Objective: To analysis the short-term and long-term clinical results of microendoscopic discectomy(MED) versus conventional(Love′s) discectomy in treatment of lumber disc herniation(LDH).Methods: Fifty patients with LDH were treated with microendoscopic discectomy(MED).Other 47 patients with LDH were treated with conventional(Love′s) discectomy as a control group.Results: The short-term and long-term clinical result is nearly the same with the two methods.But MED microendoscopy discectomy via lamina shows less trauma and faster recovery.MED can reduce the blood loss in operation,the time staying in hospital and the time staying out of bed after operation,and spare the cost,shorten the time to go back working.Conclusion: MED is safe and effective in the treatment of only one lumber disc heniation.


Based on the introduction of strengthening of rural tariff recovery in Jiangsu Electric Power Company,this paper focuses on innovations and implementing experiences in tariff recovery management,such as intensifying 95598 group account management,pushing electronic collection of tariffs,and enhancing risks prevention in electricity charges collection,etc.The achievements brought by innovations of rural tariff management are also analyzed,which include increase in tariff recovery rate,standardization in account management and improvement in the rural electricity marketing level.The prospects in strengthening tariff recovery and rural power management for Jiangsu Electric Power Company are also proposed in this study.


Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3, a negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy, is inactivated in failing hearts. To examine the histopathological and functional consequence of the persistent inhibition of GSK-3&bgr; in the heart in vivo, we generated transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of dominant negative GSK-3&bgr; (Tg-GSK-3&bgr;-DN) and tetracycline-regulatable wild-type GSK-3&bgr;. GSK-3&bgr;-DN significantly reduced the kinase activity of endogenous GSK-3&bgr;, inhibited phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2Bϵ, and induced accumulation of &bgr;-catenin and myeloid cell leukemia-1, confirming that GSK-3&bgr;-DN acts as a dominant negative in vivo. Tg-GSK-3&bgr;-DN exhibited concentric hypertrophy at baseline, accompanied by upregulation of the &agr;-myosin heavy chain gene and increases in cardiac function, as evidenced by a significantly greater Emax after dobutamine infusion and percentage of contraction in isolated cardiac myocytes, indicating that inhibition of GSK-3&bgr; induces well-compensated hypertrophy. Although transverse aortic constriction induced a similar increase in hypertrophy in both Tg-GSK-3&bgr;-DN and nontransgenic mice, Tg-GSK-3&bgr;-DN exhibited better left ventricular function and less fibrosis and apoptosis than nontransgenic mice. Induction of the GSK-3&bgr; transgene in tetracycline-regulatable wild-type GSK-3&bgr; mice induced left ventricular dysfunction and premature death, accompanied by increases in apoptosis and fibrosis. Overexpression of GSK-3&bgr;-DN in cardiac myocytes inhibited tumor necrosis factor-&agr;–induced apoptosis, and the antiapoptotic effect of GSK-3&bgr;-DN was abrogated in the absence of myeloid cell leukemia-1. These results suggest that persistent inhibition of GSK-3&bgr; induces compensatory hypertrophy, inhibits apoptosis and fibrosis, and increases cardiac contractility and that the antiapoptotic effect of GSK-3&bgr; inhibition is mediated by myeloid cell leukemia-1. Thus, downregulation of GSK-3&bgr; during heart failure could be compensatory.


The aim of this study was to compare long‐term safety and efficacy of the basal insulin analogue degludec with glargine in insulin‐naive subjects with Type 2 diabetes.


Zhang Xianliang is a writer who dares to break the "forbidden zone".His novel Yi Yi Liu(meaning One Hundred Million Land) is the story of race degradation.The writer gives ultimate care to the underworld people's life,fully showing his underworld vision.His novel concerns itself with the life of the underworld people.


In order to compare predictions for neutrino masses, mixings and CP phases from high-energy theories with experimental it is to the Renormalization We for the Equations


Abstract: This chapter informs the reader of the discovery of nerve growth factor, how it plays an important role in bioprinting by directing the growth of the axons of nerve cells along specific paths to repair peripheral nerve injuries, and of the nascent efforts in bioprinting spinal cord scaffolds that may aid in the repair of spinal cord injuries. The chapter apprises the reader of the glial family of cells that provide myelination (insulation) for nerves in the central nervous system. Glial cells are as numerous in the central nervous system (i.e., the brain and spinal cord) as neurons (nerve cells). The chapter also explains fluorescently tagged calcium ion flow within bioprinted nerve tissue. Intracellular calcium—calcium within cells—controls key cellular functions in all types of neurons. For example, nerve cells cause a release of calcium ions that initiate muscle contraction.


The review of The Youth of Michelangelo written by Mr. Martin Weinberger and published in the March 1945 issue of the ART BULLETIN furnishes the author an opportunity to take up again the discussion of certain problems related to the youth of Michelangelo insofar at they are criticized by the reviewer. Unfortunately the reviewer has neglected to speak in detail of the central theme of the book, i.e., of Michelangelo's youth and of the existing original works of this period, about which he makes only a few cursory remarks. He concentrated his criticism on the problems of the reconstruction of some of the lost works and of some of the apocryphal ones.