Tightly-coupled HPC systems have rigid memory allocation and can result in expensive memory resource underutilization. As novel memory and network technologies mature, disaggregated memory systems are becoming a promising solution for future HPC systems. It allows workloads to use the available memory of the entire system. In this paper, we propose a design framework to explore the disaggregated memory system design space. The framework incorporates memory capacity, network bandwidth, and local and remote memory access ratio, and provides an intuitive approach to guide machine configurations based on technology trends and workload characteristics. We apply our framework to analyze eleven workloads from five computational scenarios, including AI training, data analysis, genomics, protein, and traditional HPC. We demonstrate the ability of our methodology to understand the potential and pitfalls on a disaggregated memory system and motivate machine configurations. Our methodology shows that the 10 out of our 11 applications/workflows can leverage disaggregated memory without affecting performance.


Within the last 100 years, everyday music listening has undergone several changes in terms of the material audio technologies employed. From the gramophone to nowadays streaming multimedia gadgets, a lot of media devices and services have emerged and disappeared. Nevertheless, many older appliances still populate our media environments today and are also still used. This questions the idea of newer technologies simply substituting the older ones. But how and why do people combine different technologies dating from different epochs in different social contexts of their everyday life? And is there really a major 'turnover' in music listening as it is sometimes implied by research on single new digital audio technologies? In order to get some 'ground truth' concerning the complex patterns of current everyday audio technology use, we employed the media repertoire approach: Representative survey data from 2000 German participants on various types of media technologies employed in 2012 for habitual music listening were gathered and then typologized by latent class analysis resulting in six distinct dominant audio usage patterns. By comparing class profiles in terms of its members' birth cohorts, two historic major turnovers in audio media use were identified, one seemingly taking place already within the 1980s, and another one evolving right now. Complementary biographic-episodic interviews with selected repertoire class members helped to better understand the biographical genesis of the underlying practice types. In a nutshell, our results deliver an empirical 'background image' for social research dealing with the uses of specific audio media in the everyday.


Abstract The leaf oil obtained by hydrodistillation of Lippia micromera Schauer in DC. grown in Cuba was investigated by liquid-solid chromatography GC and GC/MS. Thirty-four components were identified in the oil which is rich in carvacrol (ca. 42%).


a fortnight, to be followed by a second wave in October, a very severe recrudescence, spreading with great rapidity to all surrounding towns and villages and causing a high mortality. In Mercara the history of its spread was very similar to that of the two towns mentioned ; the first wave, of mild type, reached Mercara in August 1918, lasting about three weeks ; the second wave of recrudescence, in October 1918, was a very severe one; every house was attacked, the disease rapidly spread to neighbouring towns and villages, causing


In one embodiment, the present application, comprising orally administering an effective amount of a herbal supplements containing red Kevlar co extract to a subject in need thereof, flatulence in a human subject, for treating constipation and / or weight gain to provide herbal supplements and methods. In other embodiments, supplements are triterpenoid saponins may include anticonvulsants, or both additionally. .BACKGROUND


MENIERE'S syndrome is a symptom triad of episodic vertigo, tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss and may be the consequence of many different pathological conditions. It is particularly common as a result of vertebro-basilar ischaemia and other known causes of the syndrome include con-genital syphilis, perilymph leaks and it may even occur in some cases of acoustic neuroma. Investigation of many of the patients with this syndrome may fail to reveal an aetiological factor and amongst this group of idiopathic cases there does appear to be a distinct clinical condition known commonly as 'Meniere's disorder'.


This paper presents results from and the methodology of a numerical modelling investigation into the surface ground movements above longwall mining of inclined and steep seams with varying panel configurations A modelling approach was developed using a finite difference numerical model Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) On the basis of this methodology, representative surface subsidence profiles were simulated and the results of simulations were validated against the UK data using the Subsidence Engineer's Handbook (SEH) and influence function methods (Ren et al, 1989). Furthermore, the proposed methodology was applied to two UK case histories for validation purposes


Objective Identification of Crohn's disease(CD)-associated genetic variants is key to understanding pathogenic pathways underlying disease susceptibility. Tumor necrosis factor superfamily,member 15 (TNFSF15) has been previously identified as a susceptibility gene for CD in Japanese and Caucasian cohorts. This study was designed in order to confirm and further validate the role of TNFSF15 in CD. Methods We investigated the association between variants in TNFSF15 and CD in 144 CD patients and 500 controls. Disease subpbenotype associations were also investigated. Results Carriers of four poly-morphisms, including rs6478108, rs6478109, rs7848647, and rs7869487, showed statistically significant as-sociation with CD (P<0.05). Following haplotype analysis, the "protective" haplotype 1 was significantly less in CD patients than controls. There was no evidence of association with any individual CD phenotype.Conclusion Variations in the TNFSF15 contribute to overall CD susceptibility in Chinese population,and TNFSF15 play an important role in the pathogenesis of CD.

Key words:
Crohn's disease;  Gene;  Polymorphism;  Haplotype;  Phenotype


To investigate vibrations of subground induced by high-speed trains,the viscoelastic half-space subjected to moving loads was used to model the subground under running trains.Analytical solutions for dynamic responses,including displacement,velocity and acceleration,were developed by Fourier integral transform.Coupled IFFT algorithm and adaptive quadrature algorithm was employed to compute double integrals in the analytical solutions.All the subsonic,transonic and supersonic cases were computed.The effects of velocity on the maximum responses and their distribution were discussed.It was found that the maximum and distribution of dynamic responses varied significantly as velocity increased beyond Rayleigh wave speed.


The paper presents a hybrid biogeography-based optimization (BBO) and fireworks algorithm (FWA) for global optimization. The key idea is to introduce the migration operator of BBO to FWA, in order to enhance information sharing among the population, and thus improve solution diversity and avoid premature convergence. A migration probability is designed to integrate the migration of BBO and the normal explosion operator of FWA, which can not only reduce the computational burden, but also achieve a better balance between solution diversification and intensification. The Gaussian explosion of the enhanced FWA (EFWA) is reserved to keep the high exploration ability of the algorithm. Experimental results on selected benchmark functions show that the hybrid BBO FWA has a significantly performance improvement in comparison with both BBO and EFWA.


This paper mainly deals with the problem of target detection in compound-Gaussian clutter with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar. First, the OFDM measurement model is developed to compound-Gaussian clutter by taking advantage of frequency diversity of OFDM radar waveform and we devise a generalized likelihood rate test (GLRT) detector where the target scattering coefficients and clutter covariance matrix are unknown. Then, we propose an adaptive waveform design scheme based on maximizing Mahalanobis distance of the distributions under two hypothesises to improve the detection performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed detector as well as the adaptive waveform design method is demonstrated via numerical examples.


Accordance to Xingtai County soil erosion investigation.Analye soil erosion hazards and causes.Boldly practice promote new technology of renovating narrow terraced by excavator.Strengthen surveillance law enforcement.Quicken advancement of soil and water conservation.Promote economic development in Xingtai County.


The Deep learning-based approach for solving the ill-posed problem of single image super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) has achieved tremendous success in recent times. However, not much work is carried out in the direction of blind image super-resolution, where the degradation kernel is said to be unknown. This paper addresses the said problem of blind single image super-resolution reconstruction using an alternative learning approach by training two convolutional neural networks. Most of the available model for blind super-resolution considers a fixed degradation kernel for reconstruction, which leads to drop in performance. Therefore a learnable kernel estimation approach is adopted by using a kernel-estimator network. Further, this estimated kernel is used to generate a super-resolution image using a Generator network. To successfully model the reconstruction of vital features like edges and texture and to learn the inter-pixel dependencies between multi-level feature maps, we employ a densely residual Laplacian attention block (DLA-Block). The proposed method is extensively tested on real image and synthetic image datasets. The experimental results have shown out-performance compared to the state-of-the-art in terms of high reconstruction accuracy as well as PSNR and SSIM.


The main circuit structure and working principle of multi-route temperature measuring equipment are detailed in this paper.The whole system adopts analog temperature sensor to extend the range of temperature measuring,and CPU is the core of this system to realize many functions such as temperature measuring,data disposing,displaying,maximum and minimum limitation alarming and so on.This paper also introduces the design method of further improving temperature measuring precision and the standardization method of temperature.


We report on the statistics of user behaviour obtained during a semester of student usage of our video-on-demand based multimedia system. The statistics show that interactive behaviour is adequately modelled by exponential distributions, but that a better match is obtained from lognormal distributions. From the statistics we develop a model of interactive behaviour that consists of a Markov chain of video interactions overlaid by a Poisson process generating other interactions. We show that the model performs quite well, and provided caution is exercised, Markov processes are adequate models of interactive behaviour.


In this article a model is described how Open Access definitions can be formed on the basis of objective criteria. The common Open Access definitions such as "gold" and "green" are not exactly defined. This becomes a problem as soon as one begins to measure Open Access, for example if the development of the Open Access share should be monitored. This was discussed in the working group on Open Access Monitoring of the AT2OA project and the present model was developed, which is based on 5 criteria with 4 characteristics: location, licence, version, embargo and conditions of the Open Access publication are taken into account. In the meantime, the model has also been tested in practice using R scripts, and the initial results are quite promising.


The intrinsic spin Hall conductivity is obtained for a two-dimensional electronic gas (2DEG) in the presence of strain, Rashba coupling, and an external in-plane applied magnetic field. The conduction electrons of [001] oriented quantum well are used to model the 2DEG. The spin current value is dependent on the stress applied in direction [111].


Track structures of fast protons obtained by computer simulation using a detailed-history Monte Carlo method were evaluated to obtain stochastic frequency distributions for energy imparted and number of ionizations. These microdosimetric quantities were calculated for 0.3to 20-MeV protons passing through spherical sites ("crossers") of 2 nm to 1 Am diameter in unit density water. From the distributions, the dependencies of their first two moments on ion energy, site size, and position of the track within the site were computed. The frequency distribu


This chapter is a discussion of educational practice. It focuses upon the strategies that teachers use to plan and organise the ways in which teaching, learning and assessment (TLA) will take place whatever their 'classroom' might look like. It also considers programme planning cycles and the role of student voice within this cycle. We begin to explore how teachers can use observations and formative and summative evaluation to inform curriculum planning, curriculum development and the improvement of practice during and at the end of the planning cycle. We extend this discussion in Chapter 15. Practical strategies for planning and case study examples will be used to explore key issues. For example, we draw attention to the need to be flexible in our planning to allow for changes in response to learners' needs and evidence from practice, which emerges during a lesson. We emphasise the need to ensure that curriculum and lesson planning is pedagogically sound and never rigid, overly bureaucratic or instrumental. We point to the importance of well developed curriculum and lesson plans which allow room for creative teaching, interpretation and the exercise of educational judgement.


A diagram of the relationships between energy and resource saving performance(ERSP) and pollution reduction performance(PRP) and a triangle diagram on the interrelationships among energy saving performance(ESP),PRP and economic benefit(EB) are used to illustrate the status and trends of performance of energy and resource saving and pollution reduction(PERSPR) and its coordination with economic benefit.The research targets are 18 industrial sectors in Tianjin,as well as eight enterprises in Binhai New Region,over the period 2006-2008.The results show that the 18 industrial sectors' PERSPRs(including ERSP and PRP) in Tianjin depend mainly on their ERSPs.The PERSPRs from the metallurgy and related industrial sectors,and from the chemicals and related industrial sectors possessed very poor status and poor status,respectively;while the other industry sectors held fair or good PERSPR.A trend to better performance was not found for the PERSPRs of any industrial sector in Tianjin City.For most enterprises in the Binhai New Region,the PERSPRs depended mainly on their PRPs.In 2008,the coordination between PERSPR and EB of most industrial sectors in Tianjin City were at good or very good coordinated status,except for the raw chemical materials and chemical products industry,the non-metallic mineral products and production,and the supply of electric power,gas,water,and heat power industry.A weak coordination trend was found for the majority of industrial sectors in Tianjin.The coordination between the PERSPR and the EB for most enterprises in Binhai New Region was at poor status except for two enterprises.


and in other cases on the position of the dots and of the characters. An illustration of errors dependent not on the number of dots at all, but on the position, is with British y and and. These two characters have the same ~umber of dots and the same shape, the only difference being in the position, and it is the difference in position that caused the difference in the number of errors. Dots were missed in y nearly. five times as often as in and. In this reckoning we have made no differentiation as to which dots were missed and added. But there is a great difference in the dots in this respect, and the information which can be gleaned as to this feature is valuable in determining assignments of characters.


The article investigates isotropic random fields for which the spectral density is unbounded at some frequencies. Limit theorems for weighted functionals of these random fields are established. It is shown that for a wide class of functionals, which includes the Donsker scheme, the limit is not affected by singularities at non-zero frequencies. For general schemes, in contrast to the Donsker line, we demonstrate that the singularities at non-zero frequencies play a role even for linear functionals.


With the price of gold seeming to go up exponentially every day, it may seem like a solid investment. Discover how it can be, when invested in prudently.


This review is concerned with how diseases of the large and small coronary arteries produce abnormal function of the heart in man. Topics include the normal and variant gross anatomy of the coronary arteries, the principles of evaluating functional importance of lesions in the large coronary arteries, some pitfalls in coronary arteriography, why the existence of angina without coronary disease may be questioned, clues to the clinical diagnosis of diseases of small coronary arteries, and the bases for necropsy diagnosis of small coronary disease. Clinical pathophysiology is emphasized because the purpose of the review is to discuss the subject relative to the care of patients with heart disease.


Aiming at improving the service reliability and running stability, great numbers of control strategies were proposed. Different control strategies only under appropriate running state can play well. So different bus vehicles running state were defined, which is stable state, closing state and departing state, basing on the analysis of bus transit running process. From the historical bus trajectories, it was found that the headway bias amplified as buses travel on the route. Then put a recognition of running state method forward by using the relative Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of historical based travel time estimate model and tendency based travel time estimate model. At last the optimal boundary value for different running state was calibrated. This method can also be can be applied for different bus lines.


On behalf of the organizing committee, it is our pleasure to welcome you all to the Workshop on Radiation Effects and Fault Tolerance in Nanometer Technologies (WREFT), an embedded workshop in the 2008 Computing Frontiers Conference in the beautiful island Ischia.

The Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) has identified that beyond 90nm CMOS technology soft errors severely impact field-level product reliability, not only for embedded memory, but for logic as well. Soft errors are upsets with transient effects that can occur in integrated circuits due to the interaction of energetic particles with the circuit substrate. The goal of this half-day workshop is to present the latest research in radiation effects and fault tolerance strategies to provide reliability in nanometer technologies. This includes many research areas, including modeling, testing and designing at device, circuit, system and application levels. The technical program addresses these issues in 5 papers that cover fault tolerance techniques for nanometer technologies from software to layout implementations.


Aim: To administer parentral nutrition at home, parents need expert skills. We wanted to find out retrospectively what were the issues that mattered to parents when learning to administer HPN ? Method: All parents who had experienced learning HPN (1987– 1999) were approached. Quantitative data collected included, total time in hospital on PN before teaching commenced (BT-PN), learning time in hospital (L-PN), and total time on HPN (T-HPN). Records were examined for evidence of teaching, learning, and consent. Semi-structured interviews with parents were qualitatively analysed. Results: Nine out of nine parents of children, all with short bowl syndrome, agreed to be interviewed. At the time of the study four had completed treatment, three were currently on HPN, and two children had died. Data fell into two groups; six early pioneer cases with no teaching protocol or record in the notes of teaching, mean BT-PN 99 days and L-PN 58 days and 3 later protocol led cases, mean BT-PN 7 days and L-PN 18 days where records did not confirm competence. T-HPN ranged from 3 months to an ongoing 7 years. The teaching documentation referred only to inpatient education. None had written consent. Parents reported learning difficulties; their changing emotional state, different teachers, various techniques, different equipment, and no teaching at home. Ultimately they felt unacknowledged experts but vulnerable and wanted refreshing and revalidation of skills. When hypothetically offered the ideal of a 24 h HPN nurse all stated that the benefit of parent administration was providing control over the illness and maintaining family privacy. Conclusion: Parents have less time to observe and learn PN in hospital and for nurses to identify specific difficulties to their learning. Continuing learning at home has not been acknowledged. Further, documentation did not capture the parents' progression in learning and competence; this in conjunction with the lack of formal consent may compromise legal accountability.


This article mainly discusses the concept of cloud computing and the characteristics, cloud computing services to truly realize the problems are briefly analyzed.


The effects of very low concentrations of the insecticide carbaryl on a corn (Zea mays) monoculture ecosystem and an old-field ecosystem were studied in Ithaca, New York. Four sprayings at t 3-wk intervals were applied and the effects on above- and belowground arthropod faunas and on rate of litter decomposition were investigated. The specific questions addressed were: (1) are the effects of low-concentration insecticide stress different in kind or just quantity from those reported in previous studies conducted with higher concentrations? (2) is the complex old-field ecosystem more resistant to these effects than the simple corn monoculture? The insecticide caused a much greater reduction in total arthropod numbers on plants in the old field than in the corn, and this could be accounted for mainly by the effect on herbivores. Despite continued insecticide application throughout the season, the effect of spray on this herbivore reduction decreased over time in the old field. Spraying significantly increased the (predators + parasites)/ herbivore ratio; thus herbivores were disproportionately more affected than their natural enemies by the insecticide. These results are in direct contrast with the previously reported studies using carbaryl at 10 times the concentration. Insecticide reduced the soil arthropod fauna much less than it did the arthropods on plants. There was no significant statistical effect of spray, field type, or date on total arthropod fauna on all groups aggregated. The only important effect of the spray on the soil arthropods was an outbreak of scavenging oribatid mites in the sprayed plots. Consistent with the above finding, rate of litter decomposition slowed significantly, but only temporarily, in the sprayed plots. There were no effects of plot type. Thus, low concentrations of carbaryl that might result from drift into fields adjacent to sprayed areas appear to have important ecological effects unpredictable from a knowledge of the effects of high concentrations. The two most important findings here, that the insects in old fields were more sensitive to the insecticide and that spraying increased the enemies/herbivore ratio, suggest that qualitatively different ecological interactions may be occurring in response to low levels of insecticides. Although pesticide droplet size and density were controlled in the present study, under natural drift conditions these factors might further complicate the already unpredictable effects of pesticide concentration per se. The ecological effects of pesticide drift will be most important in areas dominated by small farmers and in areas where airplanes are used to apply chemicals. Because unsprayed crop and second-growth areas play an important role as refugia for both natural enemies and crop pests, further research is warranted investigating the effect of low pesticide dosages on complex ecological responses.


It is very useful to use the solar irradiation for photocatalytic property, but need to reduce the band gap by doping the ions. In this paper ZnS (zinc sulphide) nanoparticles has been synthesized via co-precipitation and hydrothermal method. The co-precipitation and hydrothermal are simple, economical methods and they were used for a green surfactant assisted method for fabrication of ZnS and ZnS– (Ni and Li) doped nanoparticles. Glucose, sucrose or fructose were applied separately as green surfactants and capping agents. The Ni and Li ions were doped in ZnS nanocrystals for improvement of band gaps. The crystalline structure of zinc sulphide nanoparticles was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra and crystallite size of particles were calculated by debye-scherrer equation. The shape and morphology of ZnS particles was studied via scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was applied for the absorption peak of Zn-S bonding atoms. The photoluminescence (PL) measurement of the ZnS nanopowder was investigated at room temperature with an excitation wavelength around 360 nm. The photo-catalyst properties of ZnS nanoparticles were studied via ultraviolet – visible spectra (UV – Vis) of four different azo dyes acids under solar irradiation in times less than 120 min.


For decades China's GDP and per capita GDP has been growing rapidly.However,only a reasonable income vs.GDP ratio can have reference value for the economy at large.This paper reviews existing studies about "income vs.GDP ratio",its definition,historical evolution,empirical studies thereof,etc.We suggest that more attention should be given to propositional rationality analysis,systematic definition of the concept,comparative studies of relevant propositions,and to improving the concept's analytical framework,in order to construct a research system for this new concept.


Various plastic materials have been disposed of in municipal waste dumps. Thus, phthalic acid esters (PAE) which are used as plasticizers can also be found in the leachates of those land fills. A number of leachates were divided into dissolved and particulate phases to determine the percentage of PAE being transported in the solution. The solutions were found to be contaminated with bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) up to 235.9 μg l-1, and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) at a maximum of 62.7 μg l-1. Suspended particles contained maximum concen trations of 167.6 μg g -1 and 126.0 μg g-1 for DEHP and DBP, respectively. Approximately 85% of the total PAE and a mean of 87% of the hydrophobic DEHP was detected in the dissolved phase. The amounts of PAE, especially of DEHP, in solution was correlated to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Moreover, there was a negative correlation of the contents of suspended solids with PAE in dissolved form. The results mdicate that in municipal landfill leachates the DOC is much more important as a transport vehicle for hydrophobic phthalate esters than the suspended particles present. Consequently, there may be a much higher mobilis ing potential for codisposed environmental chemicals than supposed so far.


To fully take advantage of external charging conditions and reduce fuel consumption for extended-range electric vehicles, a charging management-based intelligent control strategy is proposed. The intelligent control strategy is applied to different driving patterns based on the various characteristics of urban roads. When the vehicle is driving on arterial roads, a constant power control strategy is applied. When the driver decides to go to a charging station, the extender-off time can be determined based on the current state of the vehicle and the distance to the charging station. When the vehicle is driving on an expressway, a power follower control strategy is applied. The range-extender engine is controlled to work over a wide variety of regions to obtain optimum fuel economy. The simulation results indicate that as the vehicle arrives at the charging station, the proposed charging management-based intelligent control strategy has made the state of charge reach the lowest permissible level after the driver made the decision to charge at the charging station. Therefore, the driver can charge the vehicle with as much clean electric energy as possible from the charging station.


The oil spill that resulted from the March 1989 grounding of the oil tanker vessel Exxon Valdez provides a unique opportunity for the study of marine oil pollution effects because the spilled crude oil polluted a large geographic area that was previously considered pristine. The only sources of confounding hydrocarbons in the areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska, impacted by the spill are naturally occurring hydrocarbons and anthropogenic hydrocarbons from occasional boating activity in the Sound or due to long-range atmospheric transport. The authors' objectives were to determine the levels, intra-annual variability, and interannual variability of selected alkane hydrocarbons and PAHs in intertidal sediments and in M. trossulus tissues at a network of sampling stations over the 4-year sampling period, and if possible to identify the likely sources of hydrocarbons found.


In this paper,we start with the enterprise sustainable innovation and analyze the relationship between executive incentive system and financial performance.From the incentives,business sustainable earnings and enterprise sustainable innovation,the relevance between incentive system and financial performance was expounded.In order to analyze how enterprise's executives incentive worked with financial performance,the general factors affecting the financial performance was analyzed,and also build the flowchart to reflect the function that how incentive system functioned with financial performance.


According to the shortage of the positively relation of blast furnace temperature and hot metal silicon rather than strict linear relationship,the subjectivity of the modelling by mechanism,and mechanism model dificultly to estabish the connotative mathematic relation between every varables,the mass of the sample data was processed through preprocessing and feature extraction based on the theory of data mining,and then blast furnace hot metal temperature was deemed as the research object,blast furnace hot metal temperature prediction model was established based on T-S fuzzy neural network.And the model and T-S fuzzy regression model and BP neural network model were compared;Through using some blast furnace data for model test,simulation results show that T-S fuzzy neural network model performance is superior to other models.


Interferogram images derived from repeat-pass spaceborne synthetic aperture radar systems exhibit artifacts due to the time and space variations of atmospheric water vapor. Other tropospheric variations, such as pressure and temperature, also induce distortions, but the effects are smaller in magnitude and more evenly distributed throughout the interferogram than the wet troposphere term. Spatial and temporal changes of 20% in relative humidity lead to 10 cm errors in deformation products, and perhaps 100 m of error in derived topographic maps for those pass pairs with unfavorable baseline geometries. In wet regions such as Hawaii, these are by far the dominant errors in the SIR-C / XSAR interferometric products. The magnitude of these phase distortions scales with frequency, and thus multiwavelength measurements, such as those commonly used to correct radar altimeter and GPS measurements, cannot be used to rectify the error. In the topographic case, the errors may be mitigated by choosing interferometric pairs with relatively long baselines, as the error amplitude is inversely proportional to the perpendicular component of the interferometer baseline. For the SIR-C / XSAR Hawaii data, we found that the best (longest) baseline pair produced a map supporting 100 m contouring, whereas the poorest baseline choice yielded an extremely noisy topographic map even at this coarse contour interval. In the case of deformation map errors, the result is either independent of baseline parameters or else very nearly so. Here the only solution is averaging of independent interferograms, so in order to create accurate deformation products in wet regions many multiple passes may be required. Rules for designing optimal data acquisition and processing sequence for interferometric analyses in non-desert parts of the world are: 1) use the longest radar wavelengths possible, within ionospheric scintillation and Faraday rotation limits, 2) for topography, maximize interferometer baseline within decorrelation limits, and 3) for surface deformation, use multiple observations and average the derived products. Following the above recipe yields 10 m DEM accuracy and 1 cm deformation accuracy even in very wet regions, such as Hawaii.


ABSTRACT  This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts of phytoestrogen - rich plant, white Kwao-Krua (Peuraria mirifica) on toxicity, larval maturation and cocoon character of Thai Multivotine Silkworm, Bombyx mori. The toxicity (LC50) at 96 hours was 9.51 % w/v (r2= 0.94) after applying the extracts on mulberry leaves before feeding the 48 - hour old fifth in star silkworm. In addition, the crude extracts were administered topically on mulberry at 3 concentrations, 1%, 5%, and 10% w/v on the 48 -hour old fifth instar silkworm. The results showed decreased weight of larvae, pupae and at 5% and 10% w/v.  However, the larval, cocoon and shell cocoon weights at 1% w/v treatment increased.  Furthermore, the larval period was shortened up to 24 hours of all larval trialed.  The results suggest that the extracts containing phytoestrogen may affect on growth and molting of silkworm. The physiology and biochemical mechanisms of phytoestrogen from this plant are discussed.


The New Parish is called to gradually become "community of communities", especially from the new developments in ecclesiology in Latin America (CELAM), Brazil (CNBB) and Francis pontificate. The New Parish is a place of listening to the Word, of the Eucharist (communion) and charity (agape). In this perspective, the article in question seeks to understand the value of Feasts and popular religiosity in the dynamics of the new parish. Jewish Feasts were beautiful moments of love, sharing with the Temple, pilgrimage, family celebration and gifts of land, community meeting, cultivate the historical memory. Today, the parish and community Feasts are invited to redeem these senses, motivated by Francis Pope's appeal that grow in the Church the "Culture of Encounter." The New Parish can promote, through parties and popular religiousness, the meeting and solidarity in a globalized world, which suffers from the individualism and selfishness.


Although studies in the history of philosophy look backward to the past, developments in contemporary philosophy can often contribute to such studies by teaching us how to analyze particular issues more carefully, and sometimes the lessons learned from reconsidering past thinkers in such a light can in turn contribute to current work in philosophy by highlighting problems or approaches that might otherwise go unnoticed. This phenomenon is not limited to the Western tradition alone: scholars of Asian thought may benefit from the conceptual tools offered by contemporary Western philosophers, and contemporary Western philosophers may find value in insights from the Asian tradition. This chapter hopes to provide support for this last claim by means of a concrete example involving contemporary theories of extended knowledge and an ancient Chinese Confucian thinker, Xunzi.


Objective to study plasma β-Endorphin(β-EP) level in neonatal asphyxia.To explore its relation- ship with post-asphyxia brain damage.Methods plasma β-EP levels was measured in 37 asphyxialed and 12 normal term neonates by radio-immunoassay.The cerebral CT value and its value were observed .Results plasma β-EP levels was much higher in asphyxiated neonates than that of control group.The severe group levels was much higher than the mild one.The difference was higher significant.The CT values asphyxia group was obviously lover than that of the control group .The difference was significant.There were a positive correlation between the mild.The severe asphyxia. the cerebral CT value (r=-0.696,-0.809,P0.01).But,there was no closely related with the degree of asphyxia,the more severe the asphyxia,the higher the plasma levels of β-EP ,and the lower the CT value .The plasmaβ-Ep may be used as the markers in evaluating. The degrees of neonate asphyxia and post-asphyxia brain damage.


In recent years, a growing realization of the regional nature of ozone air pollution has generated a number of regional modeling studies to help understand interstate transport of ozone and its precursor pollutants. The most famous of these studies is the work of the Ozone Transport Assessment Group (OTAG), which resulted in the US Environmental Protection Agency issuing a state implementation plan (SIP) call for major nitrogen oxide (NO{sub x}) reductions in most of the Eastern US. In Texas, however, the main interest in regional air pollution studies is intrastate transport. The eastern two-thirds of Texas (which is much larger than the whole of New England) contains three areas in nonattainment of the one-hour ozone standard, and several areas in danger of failing to attain the new eight-hour standard. Current photochemical modeling in Texas uses a nested grid approach to study both transport among these areas within the state and the influx of pollutants from outside Texas. This paper describes current regional modeling activities in Texas and presents the results of several important types of analyses not performed by OTAG, including geographic region-specific NO{sub x}/volatile organic compound (VOC) directional guidance modeling, source-category sensitivity analyses, and estimation of target reduction levelsmore » needed to reach attainment. The paper also describes a masking technique used to apply specific reductions to geographic regions, and discusses plans for additional modeling studies in Texas.« less


Dabbousi, B.O., et al., "(CdSe) ZnS Core-Shell Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Characterization of a Size Series of Highly Luminescent Nanocrystal-lites". Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 101, 1997,pp. 9463-9475. Peng, Xiaogang, et al., "Epitaxial Growth of Highly Lumi nescent CdSe/Cds Core/Shell Nanocrystals with Photosta vility and Electronic Accessibility",Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.119, No. 30, pp. 7019–7029.


In order to improve the carrying capacity and the stability,a new structure of journal bearing with deep transition cavity is put forward.By using differential method with frac- tionized grid considering the boundary condition of the bearing, the characteristic analysis and optimization design are carried out.Serial characteristic data and structure parameters of the bearing are obtained.The bearing is provided with the per- formance of large load capacity and high stability.Comparing with general journal bearing,the load capacity of the new bear- ing can be increased by 18%-98%,the attitude angle is de- creased from 43°to 14°and the stable rotate speed can be in- creased by 10%-75% under general work condition.The pres- sure distribution and eccentricity ratio of the bearing is meas- ured on the HZS-1 bearing test-bed.Experiment results is well coincided with theory results.


Advances in next-generation sequencing have allowed insights into the enormous diversity of the human T cell receptor (TCR). Earlier studies have suggested that ~108 unique TRB genes exist at the periphery. In contrast, the factors that determine the pairing of TCRα and TCRβ chains have remained elusive due to the lack of high-throughput single-cell sequencing technology. We have developed a high-throughput single-cell sequencing technology that enables identification of >3×104 paired TRA:TRB sequences per sample and have conducted sequencing of naïve and memory CD4+ and of total T cells from 15 healthy individuals, including six pairs of monozygotic twins. We found that the frequencies of TRAV:TRBV pairing are essentially determined by the frequencies of the individual gene segments, suggesting the absence of structural constraints in the pairing of the α and β chains. Twins are more similar in the frequencies of TRAV and TRBV combinations than are unrelated individuals, but this difference was explained by a genetic influence on AV and BV gene segment frequencies. Twins and unrelated individuals were compared for the sharing of identical TCR sequences. TRA sequence sharing among twins was comparable to that among unrelated individuals, but TRB sharing was significantly higher in twins. Sharing of the entire TCR was regularly found in twins but not detected for naïve CD4+ T cells from unrelated individuals. Results were similar for naïve and memory T cells, with the genetic influence more prominent in memory T cells, suggesting the additional influence of peripheral selection. In support of this interpretation, the sharing of identical TCR sequences in unrelated individuals correlated with the number of shared MHC class II alleles.


We present a direct diode laser with an optical output power of more than 800 W ex 100 μm with an NA of 0.17. The system is based on 6 commercial pump modules that are wavelength stabilized by use of VBGs. Dielectric filters are used for coarse and dense wavelength multiplexing. Metal sheet cutting tests were performed in order to prove system performance and reliability. Based on a detailed analysis of loss mechanisms, we show that the design can be easily scaled to output powers in the range of 2 kW and to an optical efficiency of 80%.


The goal of this study is to understand how financial inclusion (FI) as influenced by Internet subscribers in India, affects India's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This study makes use of secondary data that was collected from 16 Indian states and one Union Territory between the fiscal years of 2018 and 2020. The goal of this study has been investigated using panel data regression analysis (PDR). And the study's findings indicate that wages received through MNREGA accounts and post office operating accounts under the supervision of Internet subscribers have a significant negative impact on India's SDGs, demonstrating how financial inclusion is harming the country's efforts to achieve sustainable development. This study suggests that it is important to pay attention to rural areas' access to the digital environment and their degree of digital literacy. These findings imply that improving the MGNREGA program and employees' pay might help the government alleviate poverty in India. Financial inclusion also depends heavily on financial literacy. The government should improve its digital infrastructure in rural and urban areas so that people there may better understand and utilize it given that it promotes financial inclusion, digitalization, economic advancement, rural development, and poverty reduction.


Two cases of severe, hemolytic anemia in infants are recorded. The blood findings and the course of the disease differed in several aspects from that of familial, hemolytic icterus. No similar cases were found in the family. Based on these cases and on others reported on in the literature it is suggested that this is a separate disease which must be distinguished from the familial, hemolytic icterus.


Clinical practice frequently uses medical imaging for diagnosis and treatment. A significant challenge for automatic radiology report generation is that the radiology reports are long narratives consisting of multiple sentences for both abnormal and normal findings. Therefore, applying conventional image captioning approaches to generate the whole report proves to be insufficient, as these are designed to briefly describe images with short sentences. We propose a template-based approach to generate radiology reports from radiographs. Our approach involves the following: i) using a multilabel image classifier, produce the tags for the input radiograph; ii) using a transformer-based model, generate pathological descriptions (a description of abnormal findings seen on radiographs) from the tags generated in step (i); iii) using a BERT-based multi-label text classifier, find the spans in the normal report template to replace with the generated pathological descriptions; and iv) using a rule-based system, replace the identified span with the generated pathological description. We performed experiments with the two most popular radiology report datasets, IU Chest X-ray and MIMIC-CXR and demonstrated that the BLEU-1, ROUGE-L, METEOR, and CIDEr scores are better than the State-of-the-Art models by 25%, 36%, 44% and 48% respectively, on the IU X-RAY dataset. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to generate chest X-ray radiology reports by first creating small sentences for abnormal findings and then replacing them in the normal report template.


The solar wind interaction with Ceres is studied for a high water vapor release from its surface using a hybrid model including photoionization. We use a water vapor production rate of 6 kg/s, thought to be due to subsurface sublimation, corresponding to a detection on 6 March 2013 by the Herschel Space Observatory. We present the general morphology of the plasma interactions, both close to Ceres and on a larger scale. Mass loading of water ions causes a magnetic pileup region in front of Ceres, where the solar wind deflects up to 15° and slows down by 15%. The global plasma interaction with Ceres is not greatly affected by the source location of water vapor nor on gravity, only on the production rate of water vapor. On a global scale, Ceres has a comet‐like interaction with the solar wind with observable perturbations farther than 250 Ceres radii downstream of the body.


This paper purports to offer an approach to the grounds of Alfred Schutz's phenomenological sociology of action and understanding rely on Edmond Husserl's concept of Lebenswelt and Max Wber's concept of meaningful action. Keywords: Husserl, Undestranding, Weber, Lebenswelt, Action, Meaning


Researchers have stressed that manufacturing system flexibility research requires a quantitative model allowing a manufacturing system to prioritize its flexibility dimension and promote the performance of the manufacturing system. A quantification model presented in the present research is demonstrated to assess the degree of environmental uncertainty and illustrates a method for delivering the requirement of flexibility improvement for the manufacturing system so that the company is able to prioritize the types of manufacturing flexibility which a manufacturing system requires in an uncertain environment. Quantitative approaches including quality function deployment (QFD), analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and grey relational analysis (GRA) have been employed to find a means for improving the flexibility of a manufacturing system to cope with environmental uncertainty. QFD is the focal approach for the deployment of the integrated structure of the research. AHP is applied to explore the relative weighted importance of environmental uncertainty factors, while GRA is used to find out the relationships between manufacturing flexibility and environmental uncertainty. A combination of these approaches reveals a useful tool for managers to prioritize the types of flexibility which a manufacturing system requires for coping with an uncertain environment. In particular, the present research studied the manufacturing flexibility requirements of a food company in Taiwan.


Precisely evaluating the economic value of a multidimensional urban heritage concerned by valorization projects represents a crucial stake, especially in developing countries where this evaluation is constrained by the lack of access to essential data. Facing the limits of the economic analysis?s standards tools, often unable to take into account the total economic value of an heritage, we are proposing here an operational analysis grid based on a methodology using the notions of ?weak? and ?strong? sustainability and the ?genuine savings? concept. Investments and degradation flows in four distinctive dimensions, using miscellaneous monetary and non-monetary indicators, can be balanced through a ?sustainability diagram?. We then highlight the possible evolution of the Island of Saint-Louis in Senegal?s urban heritage?s sustainability when it faces rehabilitation or renovation projects, focusing on thresholds? effects and risks of non sustainability.


The construction of cultural ecology reserves is a tentative exploration to inherit and develop excellent traditional culture, aiming to promote the overall living normality protection of the intangible cultural heritage. Based on the consideration of the protection status of the Tujia and Miao cultural ecology protection areas in Wuling Mountain (Southwest Hubei), this paper proposes the following strategies to promote construction: implementing the coordinated construction of all levels of government and relevant departments, avoiding the marketoriented operation of culture, improving and innovating the evaluation mechanism, strengthening the protection of talents, and paying attention to the ethics in the process of protection, to promote the construction of experimental areas to a new level. Meanwhile, the protection of intangible cultural heritage must adhere to its integrity, originality and vitality in order to achieve more scientific and effective protection. The construction of the cultural ecology protection zone for Tujia and Miao Nationality in Wuling Mountains (Southwest Hubei) is undoubtedly conducive to the harmonious coexistence of multi-culture in southwestern part of Hubei, and is good for the exchange and integration of ethnic groups and the construction of the Chinese


All kinds of sensor with mechanical properties often can go wrong in nuclear power plant. In this kind of situation, it puts forward a kind of active fault tolerant control method based on the improved BP neural network. Firstly, the method will train sensor by BP neural network. Secondly, it will be established dynamic model bank in all kinds of running state. The system will be detected by using BP neural network real time. When the sensor goes wrong, it will be controled by reconstruction. Taking pressurizer water-level sensor as the case, a simulation experiment was performed on the nuclear power plant simulator. The results showed that the proposed method is valid for the fault tolerant control of sensor in nuclear power plant.


The World Wide Web (Web) has considerable potential for delivering distance education programs. A new genre of computer software programs is being developed to facilitate the management of instruction and communication among students and instructors who are involved with the delivery of Web-based instruction (WBI). One such program is the TopClass educational server software system. This investigation was designed to examine the feasibility of using TopClass to deliver University-based special education coursework via the Web. Procedures required to set up an education Web server were examined and a pilot study was performed to explore factors associated with the development and delivery of instructional content via TopClass. Student reactions to instruction delivered in the pilot test were positive. There also were indicators that learning occurred as a result of using the TopClass system. Issues related to the use of WBI were identified and questions for additional research were proposed.


1313 June 2014 I N this issue of ANesthesiology, Dr. Xia et al.1 investigated the potential beneficial effects of a ventilator mode allowing spontaneous ventilation in an animal model. Preventing ventilatorinduced lung injuries and achieving adequate gas exchange are the main objectives during the early phase of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs). This may be done by maintaining a reduced tidal volume,2 by using prone ventilation3 and by eliminating spontaneous inspiratory efforts (during the early phase)4 in patients with severe ARDs. in contrast, in less severe forms of ARDs, or when the initial phase of severe ARDs associated with severe blood gas exchange impairment has ended, it is generally believed that preserving muscle strength, especially diaphragmatic activity (by allowing spontaneous ventilation), could lead to a better outcome (reduced duration of mechanical ventilation).5 Various ventilatory modes allowing spontaneous efforts have been proposed such as biphasic positive airway pressure (BiPAP) and airway pressure release ventilation (APRV). From a physiological point of view, inflation of the lung occurs when the pressure on the lung surface (i.e., pleural pressure) becomes sufficiently negative due to spontaneous breathing effort or when pressure in the airway (from positive-pressure ventilation) becomes sufficiently positive. When spontaneous breathing is preserved during positive-pressure ventilation, negative changes in pleural pressure may be coupled with positive-pressure changes from the ventilator, magnifying transpulmonary pressure = airway pressure − pleural pressure. in normal, homogeneous lungs, development of a more negative pleural pressure due to diaphragmatic contraction is proven to result in a uniform increase in transpulmonary pressure at all points on the lung surface (i.e., the fluid-like behavior of normal lungs).6 Thus, spontaneous ventilation is supposed to improve lung ventilation at lower levels of airway pressure and is traditionally encouraged in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. however, expiratory muscle activity triggered by the need for high minute ventilation (agitation, fever, lung disease, and many more) can alter gas exchange by several mechanisms including the cephalad displacement of the diaphragm and reduced end-expiratory lung volume and positive end-expiratory pressure efficiency. inspiratory respiratory drive can be deleterious by increasing respiratory rate, reducing tidal volume, promoting dynamic hyperinflation, and increasing oxygen consumption. in this issue of ANesthesiology, Xia et al. showed that in a preclinical setting of "mild to moderate" ARDs, "mild" spontaneous efforts preserved during BiPAP ventilation attenuated histological lung injury, especially in dorsal lung regions. BiPAP also reduced proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8) at the messenger RNA level. There was an associated improvement in gas exchange and less dead space ventilation.1 Xia et al. offered a plausible explanation for the beneficial effects of spontaneous breathing in mild forms of experimental ARDs: negative pleural pressure generated by diaphragmatic contraction, coupled with positive-pressure changes from the ventilator further help to recruit dorsal collapsed lung, contributing to a better lung aeration and When to Promote Spontaneous Respiratory Activity in Acute Respiratory Distress Patients?


In this paper ecological, cytological, and genetical viewpoints are considered in analysis of the nature of the relationships between various species of the genus Silene and between closely related genera. In addition, the processes which are of evolutionary significance within the genus and between closely related genera are analyzed. The genus Silene was first denned by Linnaeus in Systema Naturae, ed. 1, 1735, and Genera Plantarum, ed. 1, 1737. The genus was established in Species Plantarum, ed. 1, 1753, and as so delimited contained 26 species. The genus was revised superficially in 1824 by Otth in de Candole's Prodromus and extensively in 1868 by Rohrbach. The latest revision of the entire genus was made by Williams (1896) who built upon the work of Rohrbach and who enumerated 390 species in his monograph., However, according to the records of Hitchcock and Maguire (1947) 200 more species have since been proposed. There is need of a further revision. In North America the genus Silene was first monographed by Torrey and Gray (1838) who recognized 23 species; Robinson enumerated 45 species in his revision (1897); and Hitchcock and Maguire (1947), in the latest revision of the North American representatives of Silene, listed 54 species. The genus Silene is widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere and includes approximately 600 species, most of which occur in Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. Because the genus is exceedingly large and morphologically ill-defined, it is only with difficulty that it is separated from closely-related genera on morphological characters alone. In 1812 Rohling separated Silene from Melandryum (Melandrium of other authors) on the basis of the presence or absence of a partial septation in the capsule. Rohrbach (1868) accepted this generic character as did Williams (1896). If this'character is used to limit the genus, many of the North American species and most of the species from the province of Yun-man would be transferred to the genus Melandryum. However, none of the American workers has recognized this criterion. Robinson points out that partial septation of the capsule is not a trustworthy character in American species because Silene virginica which is generally referred to Melandryum by continental authors often shows the partial septation of a "true" Silene; and S. multinervia, a "good" Silene by habits, and affinity to others of the group, often has no trace of septation. This variable and intermediary condition found in most American species has led Hitchcock and Maguire to follow Robinson (1897) in not accepting American forms with unilocular capsules as representatives of a distinct genus, Melandryum. Of the species studied in the present investigation, Silene virginica L., S. rotundifolia Nutt., S. laciniata Cav., and S. regia Sims are referred to the genus Melandryum by European workers; and S. latifolia Mill., S. maritima With., S. stellata L., and S. fortunei Vis. are classified as Silene by both groups of workers. From this brief outline of the history of the taxonomic work on the genus Silene, it is evident that this genus must necessarily be approached from viewpoints other than morphological ones alone.


To the Editors:

Somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are molecular targets of great clinical interest in lung cancer. In particular, its ability to permit clinical efficacy of specific therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( i.e. gefitinib or erlotinib) has been stressed 1, 2.

Interestingly, our group has already shown that the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can be a useful and noninvasive way to collect biological samples derived from high up and deep within the airways 3, 4. EBC has been demonstrated to be informative on molecular alterations of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to characterise the oxidative and inflammatory process in the airways/lung 5, 6. In particular, we recently demonstrated an overlapping microsatellite signature from EBC and tumour tissue of the same patient showing …


The objective of the present work was to evaluate what pediatrics Residents know about constipation and associated psychological factors. A cross- sectional, descriptive study was developed with 42 medical Residents from Salvador, Brazil, using a questionnaire on constipation diagnosis, therapy, complications and related factors. The results show that 95.2% mentioned diet as a triggering factor of constipation, 26.6% organic diseases, 38.0% parents' emotional factors, and 23.8% child's emotional factors. Associated aspects included hostile family environment/sexual abuse (88.1%), parental crisis (66.7%), fear/anxiety (78.6%), maternal control (61.9%). Reasons for referring the patient to psychotherapy included psychoaffective aspects (76.1%). Regarding treatment, 97.6% performed dietary changes. All acknowledged the need for more information on Functional constipation (FC). Multidisciplinary educational programs should be developed from undergraduate level up to medical residency. Keywords- constipation; knowledge; medical residency; psychotherapy.


ABSTRACT The International Monitoring System (IMS) consists of up to 80 aerosol and xenon monitoring systems spaced around the world that have collection systems sensitive enough to detect nuclear releases from underground nuclear tests at great distances (CTBT 1996; CTBTO 2011). Although a few of the IMS radionuclide stations are closer together than 1,000 km (such as the stations in Kuwait and Iran), many of them are 2,000 km or more apart. In the absence of a scientific basis for optimizing the duration of atmospheric sampling, historically scientists used a integration times from 24 hours to 14 days for radionuclides (Thomas et al. 1977). This was entirely adequate in the past because the sources of signals were far away and large, meaning that they were smeared over many days by the time they had travelled 10,000 km. The Fukushima event pointed out the unacceptable delay time (72 hours) between the start of sample acquisition and final data being shipped. A scientific basis for selecting a sample duration time is needed. This report considers plume migration of a nondecaying tracer using archived atmospheric data for 2011 in the HYSPLIT (Draxler and Hess 1998; HYSPLIT 2011) transport model. We present two relatedmore » results: the temporal duration of the majority of the plume as a function of distance and the behavior of the maximum plume concentration as a function of sample collection duration and distance. The modeled plume behavior can then be combined with external information about sampler design to optimize sample durations in a sampling network.« less


Approximately 1% of all paediatric brain tumours occur at less than one year of age, and glioblastoma (GBM) account for only 2-9% of these. Their clinical presentation, location, histology, behaviour, response to therapy and outcome differ from GBMs of older children and adults, and they do not appear to be associated with known histone H3 or IDH1-driven subgroups. Recent genome and RNA sequencing data highlighted recurrent NTRK1-3 fusions in 4/10 non-brainstem GBM under the age of 3 years, including one case of ETV6-NTRK3 in a cerebral hemispheric tumour diagnosed at 1 month old. These fusions are usually associated with congenital mesoblastic nephroma and congenital infantile fibrosarcoma, and upon review of a series of cases diagnosed as glioblastoma under the age of 1yr, 6/14 were found to present with a predominant spindle cell morphology, a relatively circumscribed interface with adjacent brain, and without prominent infiltration. These tumours were positive for GFAP as well as desmin, CD56 and CD99. One case was diagnosed in utero by ultrasound, and at birth underwent surgical resection from which primary cell cultures were established under stem cell conditions on laminin-coated plates. Exome and RNA sequencing revealed the presence of the ETV6:NTRK3 fusion transcript as the sole somatic alteration, validated by RT-PCR, Sanger sequencing and FISH. 450K methylation profiling clustered the tumour with desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma rather than subgroups of paediatric GBM. Primary cells treated with the CNS-penetrant small molecule Trk inhibitor PHA-848125, resulted in marked sensitivity (GI50 = 200nM) compared to cerebral hemispheric (H3 wild-type) and thalamic (H3.3K27M) paediatric GBM cells (GI50 = 1.8-4.6mM). A subset of infantile/congenital brain tumours classified as GBM appear to represent a distinct entity more closely related, biologically and histologically, to mesenchymal cancers. Agents targeting ETV:NTRK3 may be a useful novel treatment strategy in these children.


Today more people live in cities than in villages. This was not the case even in the beginning of the twenty-first century. As we turn our gaze backwards we find that a very small percentage of population lived in cities in the pre-modern world. Then there was a time when cities did not exist. People lived in forest settlements and agricultural villages. About five thousand years ago cities emerged in Iraq, Egypt and the Indus Valley. As an evolutionary marker in human history the emergence of cities was an irreversible change in the sense that although individual cities rose and fell, the city as a form of habitation continued in one or another area. And today we have reached a stage when people in cities outnumber those in villages. Such a fundamental change in human history needs to be studied.


Institutions are commonly thought of as crucial determinants for economic development. This argument is also prominent in the literature regarding property rights institutions as many studies stress their significance for economic performance. In light of these studies, many international organizations have argued strongly for land rights reforms in developing countries as means to reduce poverty, because more secure formal land rights could provide incentives for farmers to undertake productivity-enhancing investments. Nonetheless, while some studies have found that there is a positive relationship between formal land rights security and agricultural productivity, other studies have not. A possible explanation to these divergent findings involves factor endowments, more precisely the relative abundance or scarcity of land. Since earlier studies overlook that factor endowments may constitute an explanation and tend to not attempt to place the land rights debate into a broader context of institutional economics, this thesis aims to make a unique contribution to the research area by drawing on new institutional economics, by systematically and critically reviewing earlier studies, and by evaluating the factor endowments explanation. The thesis concludes that the drawbacks of earlier studies are too many to infer any useful conclusions regarding the explanatory power of factor endowments. The thesis does, however, argue that a potential explanation regarding factor endowments at least should consider the existence of credit and leasing markets, as well as take into account the adequacy of utilized agricultural technologies in particular contexts, because these three factors could potentially constitute important considerations for future land rights reforms.


Currency internationalization is the result and mean of the enhancing political and economic power of the issuing bodies,and is also an amendment to the international monetary system.Currency internationalization needs to meet a series of core conditions and supporting conditions,which to some extent determine the benefits and costs of currency internationalization.The instability and imbalance of the international monetary system causes the demand for reform,so as to provide an opportunity for emerging economic powers to internationalize their currencies.Implementating the strategy of currency internationalization is an ongoing process,and the issuing body must gradually put it into practice based on cost-benefit analysis and current conditions.


Objective:To identify pathogenic mutations associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) by targeted capture and high throughput sequencing technique,and to study the genotype-phenotype correlation.Methods:Whole blood and clinical data from ten patient with HCM were collected.Genomic DNA was extracted and library was prepared.Exomes of patients with 8 HCM-related genes encoding sarcomere protein were captured and sequenced.Results:① Mutation was detected in 4 out of 10 HCM patients [mean age,(46 ±7.9) years;female,50%].② The patient with double mutations(TNNT2 R286H and MYH7 R663H) was younger with more severe hypertrophy and severe arrhythmias.③ MYBPC3 D770N or MYBPC3 S236G mutation could lead to mild phenotype.④ MYH7 R869C carrier presented at an old onset age and more serious myocardial hypertrophy.Conclusion:Five pathogenic mutations were identified among 10 HCM cases by targeted capture and high throughput sequencing technique.Different clinical phenotypes in different mutation carriers provide evidence for prognosis and treatment of HCM.


Two separate teams of researchers have shown that they can build quantum logic circuits using silicon quantum dots that operate at a significantly higher temperature than existing ones, potentially...


The development situation of communication network is introduced in this article. With the analysis and research of ATM communication network,this paper describes the basic conception and theory of ATM communication network,especially in conception, exchange and application of virtual path and virtual circuit.


Recent technological advances in colonoscopy have led to improvements in both image enhancement and procedural performance.However,the utility of these technological advancements remain dependent on the quality of bowel preparation during colonoscopy.Poor bowel preparation has been shown to be associated with lower quality indicators of colonoscopy performance,such as reduced cecal intubation rates,increased patient discomfort and lower adenoma detection.The most popular bowel preparation regimes currently used are based on either Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte,a non-absorbable solution,or aqueous sodium phosphate,a lowvolume hyperosmotic solution.Statements from various international societies and several reviews have suggested that the efficacy of bowel preparation regimes based on both purgatives are similar,although patients' compliance with these regimes may differ somewhat.Many studies have now shown that factors other than the type of bowel preparation regime used,can influence the quality of bowel preparation among adult patients undergoing colonoscopy.These factors can be broadly categorized as either patient-related or procedure-related.Studies from both Asia and the West have identified patient-related factors such as an increased age,male gender,presence of co-morbidity and socioeconomic status of patients to be associated with poor bowel preparation among adults undergoing routine out-patient colonoscopy.Additionally,procedure-related factors such as adherence to bowel preparation instructions,timing of bowel purgative administration and appointment waiting times for colonoscopy are recognized to influence the quality of colon cleansing.Knowledge of these factors should aid clinicians in modifying bowel preparation regimes accordingly,such that the quality of colonoscopy performance and delivery of service to patients can be optimised.


For cryptographic applications based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs), it is very important to estimate the entropy of PUF responses accurately. The upper bound of the entropy estimated by compression algorithms, such as context-tree weighting, is too loose, while the lower bound estimated by the min-entropy calculation is too conservative, especially when the sample size is small. The actual min-entropy is between these bounds but is difficult to estimate accurately. In this paper, two models are proposed to estimate the convergence of the inter-chip min-entropy of static random-access memory (SRAM) PUFs. The basic idea is to find the relation between the expectation of the estimation result and the tested sample size, and then predict the convergence of the min-entropy. Furthermore, an improved Von Neumann extractor is used to increase the entropy per bit while retaining as many responses as possible for error correction. The experimental results demonstrate that the prediction error of the proposed estimation methods is less than 0.01/bit for the tested SRAM chips, and the improved Von Neumann extractor can reduce the number of required responses by approximately 11/16, the amount of helper data by 2/3, and the number of masks by 3/8 compared with the original method.


The invention discloses a novel power-driven protective cover for primary mirror of large aperture telescope, and belongs to the field of lens covering device installed on optical telescope. Aiming to solve the problems that the present protective cover has large wind resistance and poor operational stability, the protective cover of the invention is composed of four units, wherein each unit comprises a substrate, a cover plate, sealing strips, a linear actuator, an adjustable pull rod, a spherical headed joint, hinge struts and hinges. The sealing strips are arranged on linear edges of any two opposite covering plates, reinforcing ribs are riveted on the covering plates, the spherical headed joints are fixedly connected on vertical bars of the reinforcing ribs, the spherical headed joints are in connection with the adjustable pull rods, an ends of the hinge struts are fixedly connected on transverse bars of the reinforcing ribs, another ends of the hinge struts are connected with the hinges that are fixedly connected on the substrates, and the linear actuator is fixed on the substrates. The four covering plates rotate at 90 degrees, thereby positioning the four covering plates on a same plane and forming a round. According to the invention, the structure is simple, the weight is light, modular design is adopted by each unit, the interchangeability is strong, the assembly and disassembly operation are convenient, and the appearance is nice.


This paper investigates the extent of regional cohesion amongst European regions; an issue of emerging importance in the fast growing literature on regional economics. This paper aims toshed some further light on the question of regional cohesion by taking into account the impactof the existing technological gaps across regions. Regional cohesion is examined in terms oflabour productivity for the NUTS-2 regions of the EU-27 during the time period 1995-2006. The results suggest the existence of two separate groups or clubs. The first includes regions from advanced northern European countries, while the members in the second club are mainly found in the new member-states and in southern European countries, putting the issue of European regional policy into a fresh premise. To be more specific, the results have important implications for the (re) direction of regional policy in Europe towards a new set of objectives and instruments.


The ships cleared the harbour of San Bias, Mexico, on 16 March 1775, and slowly worked their way northward. Their orders bade them explore as far north as possible above the Bay of San Francisco, which was well-known but unsettled by the Spaniards. The northernmost settlement of New Spain was as Monterey, where the Jesuits had a mission. It should be noted that behind this flurry of exploration lay real competition between Spain, England, and Russia for claims to the northwest coast. Each power desired to slice off this supposedly rich territory for itself and to exclude rivals. Mourelle recounts in straightforward seaman's style the travails of their eight month voyage. Hindered by fogs and storms, encountering increasingly hostile Indians the farther north they went, the Spaniards finally reached 57 N., in the vicinity of what is now the Alexander Archipelago of southeast Alaska. This was a momentous achievement, although the explorers missed several prominent northwest coast indentations, including the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the mouth of the Columbia River. They did, however, establish the location of Bodega Bay, named after La Sonora's captain, just above San Francisco Bay. With its extensive notes contributed by both Mourelle and Barrington and a modern index, this journal serves as an admirable brief on the hardships and triumphs of eighteenth-century exploration. It is clearly organized and the extra-large type makes study easy. Students of maritime exploration, and in particular of the Spanish voyages up to the late 1700s, will find this volume a worthy addition to their maritime libraries.


Conducting polymers, with unique ion/electron transfer capability, reversible doping/dedoping and controllable chemical and electrochemical properties, have received many attention as advanced inte ...


This study aimed to describe the cocoa beans behavior, and to predict the cocoa beans moisture content, during an intermittent microwave drying at 3 power levels (450 w, 600 w and 700 w). Experiments were carried out on fermented cocoa beans using a domestic microwave oven. The data obtained were adjusted using five semi-empirical models of drying on thin layer and a recurrent artificial neural network. Among the semi empirical models used, Page model was observed the most appropriate one for describing the cocoa beans behavior. For the various power levels, it presented respectively R² of 0.9993, 0.9971 and 0.9967. The recurrent artificial neural network used (R² > 0.999), presented a good ability to predict the moisture content of cocoa beans.


Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare disorder caused by malfunctions of lysosomes and specialized lysosome‐related organelles, resulting primarily in oculocutaneous albinism and bleeding diathesis. The majority of the HPS genes have been described as novel, but herein we report the identification of a conserved protein family which includes human HPS4, as well as distant homologs for other HPS genes. Our results suggest that the cellular machinery involved in the HPS syndrome is ancient.


Researchers increasingly note that employees' creativity is the result of the interplay between various factors in an organizational context and employees' individual characteristics. However, few studies have thus far addressed the effects of contextual factors on the link between individual predictors and employees' creativity. In this paper, we argue that one reason for this is a lack of clear theory and frameworks that capture interactional effects on creativity. To address this gap, we propose using the ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) theory to conceptualize the different interactions that are able to maximize employee creativity. We use the AMO theory to first conceptualize abilityenhancing practices as personal predictors, and motivationand opportunityenhancing practices as contextual predictors. Next, we depict combination and multiplicative models that can explain how motivationand opportunityenhancing practices separately and jointly accentuate the main influences of ability-enhancing practices on creativity. Based on the extant research, we show that the combination model can explain higher levels of creativity and the multiplicative model is able to explain the highest level of creativity.


Magnetic field effects (MFEs) on the intramolecular exciplex fluorescence of a chain-linked phenanthrene (Phen)/N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) system, Phen–(CH2)n–O–(CH2)2–DMA, have been studied in the magnetic fields (≤0.62 T) as functions of (1) solvent polarity (e = 7.6—36.7), (2) chain length (n = 4—12), and (3) temperature (223—333 K). The MFEs on the exciplex fluorescence are attributable to the singlet–triplet intersystem crossing in the intramolecular radical ion pair which is in dynamic equilibrium with the exciplex. (1) Solvent polarity increases significantly the MFEs on the exciplex fluorescence of Phen–(CH2)10–O–(CH2)2–DMA. This is attributable to the stability of the intramolecular radical ion pair relative to the exciplex. (2) A remarkable influence of chain length on MFEs in the exciplex fluorescence in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was observed. The results were discussed in connection with the edge-to-edge distances of two radicals obtained from molecular dynamics calculation for model comp...


Women's childbirth experiences are an essential measure of childbirth and have a significant role in evaluating and improving the quality of care given during birth. This study's aim was to evaluate women's experiences during labour and childbirth in a teaching hospital in Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a public hospital in Guilan from July to August 2018. The study recruited 126 low-risk postpartum women. The childbirth experience questionnaire and a researcher-developed questionnaire were used for data collection. Linear regression was used to assess the effect of factors on birth care experience (significance level: P<0.05). Results Women's experiences of childbirth were not optimal. Women's overall experience score was 2.56±0.42. The desire to have a normal birth (P<0.001), the freedom to drink, change position or walk during labour (P=0.01), receiving respectful care (P<0.001) and emotional support (P=0.009) were contributing factors to women's perceptions of their experiences. Quality improvement strategies are needed to implement evidence-based care in Iran. Interventions to ensure that healthcare professionals' behaviour promotes women's psychological wellbeing and creates a respectful birth environment are required to promote high-quality childbirth care and improve birth experiences in Iran.


carcinoma Objective: We studied distant metastasis in patients with N1a and N1b papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and clarified the significance of lateral neck lymph node metastasis as a risk factor for distant metastasis. Subjects: Of the 427 patients with PTC who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital, 218 patients with lymph node metastasis were assessed in this study. Results: The distant metastasis rate was higher when metastases were found at levels Vb or Ⅶ. Based on multivariate analysis, age ( ≥ 55 years), tumor size ( ≥ 4 cm), and metastasis to level Ⅴb+Ⅶ significantly increased the distant metastasis rate, and 88.9% of the patients in the N1b group showed extranodal extension. Conclusions: For metastasis to N1b, especially level Vb or Ⅶ, total thyroidectomy with lateral neck dissection should be the first choice for post-operative RAI (radioactive iodine) therapy.


A portable recording and reproducing apparatus and an operating method therefor are provided to share resources with a portable recording and reproducing apparatus having an asymmetric structure. A connector(201) connects a portable recording and reproducing apparatus with another portable recording and reproducing apparatus. A storing unit(202) stores at least one contents and information about resources of the portable recording and reproducing apparatus. If the portable recording and reproducing apparatus is connected to the connector(201), a control unit(203) accesses information about resources of the portable recording and reproducing apparatus through the connector(201) and controls the operation of the portable recording and reproducing apparatus on the basis of the accessed information and the information stored in the storing unit(202). An output unit(204), controlled by the control unit(203), outputs a signal received from one of the storing unit(202) and the connector(201). The storing unit(202) outputs data of contents whose output is requested by the control unit(203) to the output unit(204) and the connector(201).


To construct a new-type harmonious relationship between labor and capital is the most essential and central problem that has to be urgently solved in private enterprises,which is of importance to the healthy development of private enterprises and harmony of whole society.The primary contradictions and problems existing in the current private-economic labor-capital relationship consist of lower labor payment,not guaranteed laborers' rights and benefits,and insufficient social security.The basic guiding principles of constructing a new private-economic labor-capital harmonious relationship include: the unity of opposites between "harmony but not the sameness"and"not the sameness but harmony",taking people the first and giving preferential treatment to labors,and benefiting both labor and capital sides.The key measures to be taken include: to improve work contracts and increase the rate of signing agreements,to respect labors' equal rights and maintain their status' equality,and the like.


Growth of a new organic single crystal of N-acetyl-2,6-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one
(APM3EPO) is reported by using a slow evaporation method. The characterization of the crystal was
done by IR and NMR spectra. Further, electronic spectrum and TG/DTA studies have also been carried
out. The SHG efficiency of the crystal was found to be closer to that of standard KDP (potassium
dihydrogen orthophosphate) using the modified Kurtz-Perry powder test employing Nd: YAG laser as
the source of IR radiation. The calculated hyperpolarizability values were also projected to confirm
the aptness of the crystal for non-linear optical applications. Optimization of the molecular structure
of APM3EPO is done at the basic level of B3LYP/6-311(d,p) and the corresponding molecular properties
such as HOMO-LOMO and Mulliken charge analyses are carried out at the same level of theory.


The measurement of Young's modulus of elasticity is one of the classical assignments that frequently appear in the basic laboratory courses of physicists and engineers. It is not easy to innovate on this well-established subject. However, it is possible to modify or extend it. This article describes an extended measurement of Young's modulus of elasticity containing, besides the traditional mechanical experiment, a less frequent gauge measurement. Although strain gauge measurements, supported by sophisticated electronic devices, are used in special laboratories performing stress analysis, the basis of this method is simple and can also be explained easily to a non-specialist. If highly accurate measurements are not required, the complicated and expensive electronic devices can be replaced by a common digital microvoltmeter with large input resistance. In this case the experiment can be designed as simultaneous electrical and mechanical measurements, enabling comparison of two independent experimental methods operating on one common sample. Such an approach is especially convenient for basic laboratory courses.


The Internet of Things (IoT) has strong potential to improve the accessibility and usability of our daily lives and industries, and various related technologies are being developed. In particular, IoT platforms are the role of middleware in IoT environments and are software that connects multiple devices such as various sensors, access points, and data networks. In addition, the open authorization (OAuth) 2.0 is an authorization framework standard for delegating authority to a third party and is widely used to protect APIs in IoT platforms and the existing web environments. However, interoperability and security are barriers that hinder the potential. Technologies have often been developed without adequate considerations for interoperability and security, such as the OAuth 2.0 framework widely used in IoT domains. Furthermore, most studies did not consider interoperability, even though interoperability among heterogeneous domains is critical for the IoT to share resources. No study addressed the limitation of the conventional OAuth 2.0 framework to support interoperability, and the studies did not comprehensively discuss the security of the OAuth 2.0 framework. Therefore, based on the well-known threats of the conventional OAuth 2.0 framework, we identify possible threats and proper countermeasures for the interoperable OAuth 2.0 framework (IOAF) to achieve security interoperability. In addition, we propose a new authorization code for multiple domains (ACMD) grant flow using a proof key for code exchange (PKCE), which is more secure than the current ACMD flow.


Abstract The adsorption characteristics of metal ions on chitosan chemically modified by D-galactose were examined. The pH dependency on the distribution ratio was found to be affected by the valency of the metal ion, and the apparent adsorption equilibrium constants of the metal ions were determined. The order of adsorption of the metal ions is Ga > In > Nd > Eu for the trivalent metal ions and Cu > Ni > Co for the divalent metal ions. It is believed that amino and hydroxyl groups in the chitosan act as a chelating ligand.


Abstract Manitoba has a large fishery production harvested both by commercial fishermen and by anglers. This fishery, yielding annually on an average over 32,000,000 pounds of all species of fish, is made possible by the 26,789 square miles of lakes and streams which are within the province. Many factors in the past have resulted in the different types of Manitoba lakes. Lake fisheries have been influenced to some extent by these factors. In recent years the development of commercial fishing, the efficiency of which increases year by year, has been of principal significance in the fisheries. Therefore, laws to regulate fishing in a manner to permit maximum sustained annual catch, and policies to improve existing fisheries where possible, have been the object of fishery management in Manitoba.


A nonlinear equation is derived for the flat component of a disk galaxy to describe wave perturbations of low frequency that do not disturb the gravitational field. This equation has solutions taking the form of persistent Rossby solitons, either cyclones or anticyclones.


This Handout illustrates traditional mixed-model ANOVA analyses of the data from my study of host effects on parasitoid larvae (Data Set 6) when the host species is treated as a random factor. Note: Treating species as random would not be reasonable in reality, given that these two moth species are the only common hosts for this parasitoid in North Carolina, where I conducted this study. It also rarely will be appropriate to have only two levels of a random factor. Only the inferential results are shown for these mixed-model analyses; preliminary data exploration and model diagnostics would be the same as presented in the previous handout. I first present results for the balanced data set (part A of Data Set 6), then for the unbalanced data set (part B). A later handout will present linear mixed model (ML and REML) analyses; for the unbalanced data these are preferable to the ANOVA method shown here.


The aim of this research is to identify the dependence of Jordanian public opinion leaders on Facebook as a source to obtain information related to the teachers' crisis (2020), the patterns and habits of this dependence and its causes, as well as to identify the sources that they relied on Facebook as a source for information related to the crisis. This research used the descriptive survey method due to its suitability to the nature of this study, and it relied on a sample of (60) single members using a simple random sample from the ability of the Jordanian public opinion, and this research reached several results, the most important of which are: The percentage of faculty members who use Facebook (95.0%), while the percentage of faculty members who do not use Facebook is (5.0%), it appears that the highest percentage of the study sample's distribution of individuals following Facebook as a source of information on the teachers' crisis is (52.6%), While the lowest percentage reached (17.5%), and it was also evident that there was a high degree in the cognitive, emotional and behavioral effects resulting from this dependence on Facebook as a source for information about the crisis, and a high degree appeared in the cognitive, emotional and behavioral effects resulting from dependence on Facebook.


With development of campus network,there are urgent needs for more address space and better service qualities, while the current network protocol reveals more and more defects in space,safety and so on.As a result,IPv6 - oriented next generation Internet came into being.It is essential for the campus network to transfer from IPv4 to IPv6.


System-Level Synthesis deals with the concurrent design of electronic applications, including both hardware and software. The issue has become the bottleneck in the design of electronic systems, including both hardware and software, in several major industrial fields, including telecommunications, automotive and aerospace engineering. The major difficulty with the subject is that it demands contributions from several research fields, including system specification, system architecture, hardware design, and software design. Most existing book cover well only a few aspects of system-level synthesis. The present volume presents a comprehensive discussion of all the aspects of system-level synthesis. Each topic is covered by a contribution written by an international authority on


Temperature of cooling stave under working condition directly affects stave campaign life.Heat transfer of cast steel cooling stave is the research object,and simplified heat transfer formula is proposed based on thermal state test results.Then the simplified mode is combined with artificial neural network to form a prediction model of cooling stave hot surface temperature.Maximum relative error of simulation outputs compared with experiment data is less than 2%,indicating that such an intelligent model is accurate and reliable.In addition,the research method of this paper is quoteworthy for research on cooling stave.


In this paper, the linear stability analysis (LSA) is utilized to investigate the stability of time-averaged cylinder wake past a circular cylinder at Re = 200 and its receptivity to inlet flow pulsation. An in-house finite volume method is used to solve the full N-S equations as well as the linearised set for small perturbations around the time-averaged flow. The solution of the latter set provides information about the stability of the wake. It is found that the most unstable eigenmode has a small negative real part and an imaginary part that closely marches the Strouhal number of vortex shedding. This finding agrees with the results of other investigators. Inlet flow pulsation appears as a forcing term in the linearised equation set. Both cross-stream and streamwise velocity components in the separating shear layers are strongly affected by pulsation. The effect of pulsation is spatially localised in the near wake. Increasing the pulsation frequency reduces the spatial extent within which pulsation plays an important role.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Education support staff work closely with students with disability, yet often receive little training or professional learning in evidence-based practices. This study sought to provide an initial indication of the effectiveness of novel, co-designed, evidence-based online professional learning courses (AllPlay Learn) for education support staff. A total of 323 education support staff working in primary and secondary schools in Victoria, Australia, completed the courses and participated in this study. The results indicated significant improvements in their self-reported knowledge about disability (r = 0.68 and 0.71) and self-efficacy in engaging in inclusive classroom practices (r = 0.62 and 0.62) after taking part in the professional learning course. Analysis of open-ended questions found further support for these gains. These findings provide support for co-designed, evidence-based online professional learning that addresses disability-specific domains of inclusive classroom practices in education.


Journal: Proceedings B Manuscript ID RSPB-2020-0376 Article Type: Research Date Submitted by the Author: 19-Feb-2020 Complete List of Authors: Suissa, Jacob; Harvard University, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Sundue, Michael; The University of Vermont, Plant Biology Testo, Weston; The University of Vermont, Plant Biology Subject: Evolution < BIOLOGY, Ecology < BIOLOGY, Plant science < BIOLOGY


Significant research e(cid:128)orts are currently centered on developing advanced gas turbine systems for electric power generation applications. Gas–steam combined cycles are often used to obtain a high e(cid:129)ciency power plant. Two innovative gas turbine technologies have recently been proposed for combined cycle applications. Two gas–steam combined cycles using thermodynamic analysis are presented: a combined cycle with three pressure levels with reheat heat recovery boiler is used with two di(cid:128)erent gas turbine technologies (high pressure ratio and reheat against ''H'' technology). This analysis constitutes a comparison not only between two di(cid:128)erent constructive solutions but also between two di(cid:128)erent gas turbine (GT) techniques (reheat and GT steam cooling) and technologies (a consolidated and an advanced gas turbine technology) applied to a combined cycle. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.