OBJECTIVE To study the effects of 1% pilocarpine liposome in the treatment of primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG).METHODS Sixty patients with PACG were divided into 2 groups.Test group(30 patients)in age from 44 to 86 years received 1% pilocarpine liposome,and the control group(30 patients) in age from 56 to 90 years received 1% pilocarpine solution.The pupil diameter,intraocular pressure(IOP),anterior chamber angle,visual acuity,conjunctive,cornea,anterior chamber,iris,pupil,lens,fundus were measured at time intervals of beginning and 0.5,1,2,4,6,8,12h on the first day and 8 A.M.on the second day to seventh day after drugs being applied.The investigation had a total duration of 7 days.Anterior chamber depth,lens thick,axial length of eye were measured by A ultrasound scan at time intervals of beginning and 6h.Test group received 1%pilocarpine liposome drop twice a day and control group received 1%pilocarpine solution drop 4 times a day.RESULTS The mean intraocular pressure,mean pupil diameter of 2 groups were not significant(P0.05) at beginning.At beginning to any time intervals,hypotensive effect of each group was significant(P0.05);Comparison of IOP of 2 groups was significant(P0.05) at same time intervals.The pupil constricted of each group was significant(P0.05) at beginning to any time intervals;Comparison of pupil constricted and pupil change of 2 groups were significant(P0.05) at same time intervals.Comparison of visual acuity was significant(P0.05).No side effects found except tingling sensation after eye drop instilled in the test group.CONCLUSION It shows that 1% pilocarpine liposome used only twice a day would lead to better control of PACG.


This paper presents the tunable Stokes laser characteristics based on the stimulated polariton scattering in KTiOAsO4 crystal. With a given pumping laser wavelength of 1064.2 nm, discontinuously tunable first-Stokes wave was obtained from 1077.9 to 1079.0 nm, from 1080.1 to 1080.8 nm, from 1082.8 to 1083.6 nm, from 1085.5 to 1085.8 nm, from 1086.8 to 1088.4 nm. With a pumping pulse energy of 125.0 mJ, the maximum first-Stokes laser pulse energy at 1078.6 nm was 24.7 mJ. The second-Stokes wave at 1093.4 nm was obtained and investigated as well.


This paper presents evidence on the financial and real effects of bank competition using a large panel of privately held firms. I trace the firm-level impact of the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994, which increased the competitiveness of U.S. banking markets. Following the deregulation, newly formed firms used significantly less external debt, were smaller, and realized higher returns on assets, consistent with their investing less due to greater financial constraints. These effects diminish as firms age, ultimately reversing sign. The differential impact that banking market reforms may have on newer and more established firms is underscored.


Abstract Objective: The current study explores the spatial patterns of underweight and overweight among adult men and women in districts of India and identifies the micro-geographical locations where the risks of underweight and overweight are simultaneously prevalent, after accounting for demographic and socio-economic factors. Design: We relied on BMI (weight (kg)/height squared (m2)), a measure of nutritional status among adult individuals, from the 2015–2016 National Family and Health Survey. Underweight was defined as <18·5 kg/m2 and overweight as ≥25·0 kg/m2. Setting: We adopted Bayesian structured additive quantile regression to model the underlying spatial structure in underweight and overweight burden. Participants: Men aged 15–54 years (sample size: 108 092) and women aged 15–49 years (sample size: 642 002). Results: About 19·7 % of men and 22·9 % of women were underweight, and 19·6 % of men and 20·6 % of women were overweight. Results indicate that malnutrition burden in adults exhibits geographical divides across the country. Districts located in the central, western and eastern regions show higher risks of underweight. There is evidence of substantial spatial clustering of districts with higher risk of overweight in southern and northern India. While finding a little evidence on double burden of malnutrition among population groups, we identified a total of sixty-six double burden districts. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that the geographical burden of overweight in Indian adults is yet to surpass that of underweight, but the coexistence of double burden of underweight and overweight in selected regions presents a new challenge for improving nutritional status and necessitates specialised policy initiatives.


The invention discloses a nanometer red-light conversion agent specifically used for agricultural films and a preparation method thereof. The light conversion agent is a core-shell-structure composite and a structure thereof can be represented by R@AxB1-xL1L2, wherein, AxB1-xL1L2 is the structure of a shell layer and R is the structure of a core layer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: the red-light conversion agent with suitable amount is taken, and dissolved in solvent S1 with suitable amount so as to obtain solution A; nano-particle R with suitable amount is taken and dispersed in proper solvent S2 by ultrasonic waves, and the pH value of the system is regulated to 8.0 to 12.0 and takes weak alkaline, thereby obtaining a nanometer dispersion system B. Under stirring, the solution A is added in the nanometer dispersion system B by dropping; stirring is continued till obtain white turbid liquid which stands for 30min to 90min, is centrifugally separated and dried so as to obtain the nanometer red-light conversion agent.


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: internal combustion engine (ICE) with split cycle includes crankshaft (52), compression (66) and expansion (68) cylinders, compression (72) and expansion (74) pistons, and spiral bypass channel (38). Compression piston (72) performs inlet and compression strokes per one turn of crankshaft (52). Expansion piston (74) performs expansion and outlet strokes per one turn of crankshaft (52). Spiral bypass channel (38) connects compression (66) and expansion (68) cylinders. Spiral bypass channel (38) includes bypass compression and expansion (41) valves, straight-line (39) and end (40) parts. High pressure cavity is made between bypass valves. Expansion bypass valve (41) includes stock (42) and head (43). Straight-line part (39) is located in end section of spiral bypass valve (38). Spiral end part (44) is an integral part of straight-line part (39). Spiral end part (40) is located above bypass expansion valve (41). Spiral end part (40) represents funnel (44). Funnel (44) is twisted about stock (42). Also, the invention deals with ICE containing two tangential spiral bypass channels (78). Channels (78) connect compression (66) and expansion (68) cylinders. Each tangential spiral bypass channel includes bypass valves (84, 86), straight-line tangential part (100) and spiral end part (102). Spiral end parts (102) are twisted in one direction. EFFECT: quick flow of flammable mixture, its quick mixing and distribution prior to the beginning of combustion. 16 cl, 11 dwg


The proposal for an observation system of crustal movement using two quasi-zenith satellites is presented. In the system, two quasi-zenith satellites have a retro-directive antenna on board and an earth station have two beam antenna in the direction to the two quasi-zenith satellites. The crustal movement at the area of the earth stations is obtained by interfering with two signals from the retro-directive antennas which transmit the receiving waves from the earth station antenna. The link budget for the system is carried out, and a spherical reflector antenna for two beam antenna is designed.


Simple Summary Chemoresistance and metastasis are the main causes of treatment failure in cancers. Autophagy contribute to the survival and metastasis of cancer cells. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), particularly long non-coding RNAs and circular RNA (circRNA), can bridge the interplay between autophagy and chemoresistance or metastasis in cancers via sponging miRNAs. This review aims to discuss on the function of ceRNA-mediated autophagy in the process of metastasis and chemoresistance in cancers. ceRNA network can sequester the targeted miRNA expression to indirectly upregulate the expression of autophagy-related genes, and thereof participate in autophagy-mediated chemoresistance and metastasis. Our clarification of the mechanism of autophagy regulation in metastasis and chemoresistance may greatly improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and survival in cancer patients. The combination of the tissue-specific miRNA delivery and selective autophagy inhibitors, such as hydroxychloroquine, is attractive to treat cancer patients in the future. Abstract Chemoresistance and metastasis are the main causes of treatment failure and unfavorable outcome in cancers. There is a pressing need to reveal their mechanisms and to discover novel therapy targets. Autophagy is composed of a cascade of steps controlled by different autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated autophagy contributes to chemoresistance and metastasis via competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks including lncRNAs and circRNAs. ceRNAs sequester the targeted miRNA expression to indirectly upregulate ATGs expression, and thereof participate in autophagy-mediated chemoresistance and metastasis. Here, we attempt to summarize the roles of ceRNAs in cancer chemoresistance and metastasis through autophagy regulation.


State failure is a common phenomenon of contemporary international society. In this chapter, the author translates the conclusions reached in his study in a series of principles that should guide the actions of the international community in situations of State failure. These principles would ensure the lawfulness of planned assistance to help or replace State actions, and should be based on the assessment of the risks that the international community would suffer in case of inaction. The author highlights that State failure is a continuum, better pictured as a line, which starts with sovereignty and ends with State collapse. In sum, it is possible to develop a number of principles that would allow the international community to address situations of emergencies that threaten international security in failed, failing and fragile States. This requires a balanced approach framed within the cooperation principle, which provides reassurance to all actors involved.Keywords: international community; state actions; state failure


Discordant cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages derived from Be, Al, and C extracted from quartz in rocky summits along the eastern rim of the central Baffin Island plateau provide constraints on the efficiency of erosion by the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) and on the timing and duration of ice-free conditions in the eastern Canadian Arctic. In situ C records the duration of exposure during the present interglaciation; any previously acquired C decayed below detection limits beneath thick LIS during the last glaciation. The in situ C exposure ages for two samples adjacent to a cold-based local ice cap are significantly less than for a nearby ice-free summit, suggesting that an expanded local ice cap shielded the ice-adjacent sites for at least 800 years, longer than the duration of the Little Ice Age. Disequilibrium between Be and Al concentrations in the same samples can be realistically explained by brief (ca. 10 kyr) intervals of exposure during peak interglacials (MIS 11, 9, 7, 5e, and 1), separated by long (ca. 50–100 kyr) intervals of complete shielding by the LIS. The lack of glacial erosion for at least the past 400 kyr suggests that the LIS was frozen to its bed across much of Baffin Island throughout the Middle and Late Quaternary. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The present invention relates to a mobile communication terminal and a control method having a camera, an embodiment of the present invention, the mobile communication method comprising: determining an operating state of the terminal, depending on the determined operating condition, the mobile terminal the step of converting the camera, to a specific mode of the at least one recording mode, the step of extracting the data value taken on a particular mode of the conversion, and by using the extracted data value, the display screen of the mobile communication device It may be made, including the step of adjusting the brightness level. Camera, a mobile communication terminal, LCD


Silicon physical unclonable function (PUF) has emerged as a promising spoof-proof solution for low-cost device authentication. Due to practical constraints in preventing phishing through a public network or insecure communication channels, simple PUF-based authentication protocol with unrestricted queries and transparent responses is vulnerable to modeling and replay attacks. In this article, we present a modeling attack resistant PUF-based mutual authentication scheme to mitigate the practical limitations in applications where a resource-rich server authenticates a device with no strong restriction imposed on the type of PUF design or any additional protection on the binary channel used for the authentication. Our scheme uses an active deception protocol to prevent machine learning (ML) attacks on a device with a monolithic integration of a genuine strong PUF (SPUF), a fake PUF, a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), a register, a binary counter, a comparator, and a simple controller. The hardware encapsulation makes the collection of challenge–response pairs (CRPs) easy for model building during enrollment but prohibitively time consuming upon device deployment through the same interface. A genuine server can perform a mutual authentication with the device using a combined fresh challenge contributed by both the server and the device. The message exchanged in clear cannot be manipulated by the adversary to derive unused authentic CRPs. The adversary will have to either wait for an impractically long time to collect enough real CRPs by directly querying the device or the ML model derived from the collected CRPs will be poisoned. The false PUF multiplexing is fortified against the prediction of waiting time by doubling the time penalty for every unsuccessful guess. Our implementation results on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device and security analysis have corroborated the low hardware overheads and attack resistance of the proposed deception protocol.


The Support Vector Regression method have complete statistical learning theory basis and excellent performance on small samples. Based on the introduction of support vector regression method, the paper introduced Support Vector Machine (SVM) into wireless communication network reliability prediction. Using support vector regression method, the reliability prediction model of wireless communication network was established. Verification of actual data and comparison with BP neural network method shows that the model has feasibility and superiority in the reliability prediction of wireless communication network.


We present some microscopic (atomic scale) structure analysis for Poisson-distributed impurities in semiconductors. Relevant concepts and results, well established in the area of geometrical probability, are employed in the analysis. Monte Carlo results for the distribution of "impurity-cluster" sizes in semiconductor media approximated by their continuum representation are also presented. A closed-form expression for the "impurity-doublet" probability and a general formulation for the impurity-cluster size distribution are also provided.


[Objective]To explore the feasibility of preparing cryoprecipitate from fresh frozen virus-inactivated plasma.[Methods]Cryoprecipitate from fresh frozen plasma and fresh frozen virus-inactivated plasma were prepared,the contents of FVⅢ:C,vWF and Fb were detected by automated blood coagulation analyzer,then the changes of the contents of 2 groups were compared.[Results]The contents of FVIII:C,vWF and Fb in cryoprecipitate from fresh frozen virus-inactivated plasma all decreased to different degrees,but the losses were all less than 25%,and met the national standard of quality of blood components.[Conclusion]It is feasible to prepare cryoprecipitate from fresh frozen virus-inactivated plasma.


Since the enactment of the federal Telecommunications Act of 1996, the federal government has taken an incremental and decentralized approach toward ensuring availability of broadband services for all Americans. The federal government and the states have tried to reconcile two sometimes incompatible objectives of promoting competition among broadband service providers and reducing gaps in broadband deployment between sparsely and more densely populated regions. Federal and state funding mechanisms have been used to subsidize supply and stimulate demand in regions where private cost-benefit analyses have not justified investments in broadband infrastructure. In the absence of a national broadband policy, states have initiated their own programs for identifying gaps in broadband services between rural and urban areas. This article explains how the federal-state partnership has evolved since 1996 to further broadband deployment and subscription goals, particularly in matters of shared public policy concern, such as health care services, education, economic development, and public safety and security. Finally, this article suggests a linear five-step approach for state broadband policy development in the context of this evolving federal-state partnership and rapidly changing technology. Examples of state laws enacted to facilitate broadband access are cited to illustrate state strategies toward reducing deployment gaps and increasing subscription. The Federal Communication Commission's latest order regarding data collection and its reconstituted Federal State Joint Conference on Advanced Services may provide an opportunity for joint state-federal strategic policy formulation in the vein of that adopted by some states described in this article.


So I saw this news article titled "Hydrogel-Based Nanoparticles Make Photonic Crystals." And I have no real idea what any of those words mean, but I think I really like them.


our first task... must be to determine the order of facts to be studied under the name of suicide... we must inquire whether, among the different varieties of death, some have common qualities objective enough to be recognized by all honest observers, specific enough not to be found elsewhere and also sufficiently kin to those commonly called suicides for us to retain the same term without breaking with common usage.1


OBJECTIVE
To study the outcome of open heart surgery in an increasing population of elderly patients in Iceland.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective study of patients (n=876) that underwent coronary artery bypass (CABG) or aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis in Iceland 2002-2006. Complication rates, operative mortality and long-term survival were compared between patients older (n=221, 25%) and younger (n=655, 75%) than 75 years. Long-term survival of the older group was compared to an age and sex matched reference population.

RESULTS
Older patients had a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (57% vs. 37%, p<0.001), stroke (5% vs. 1%, p=0.009) and operative mortality (9% vs. 2%, p<0.001) following CABG. Length of ICU stay was similar but total length of stay was one day longer in the older cohort. Following AVR, older patients had a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (90% vs. 71%, p=0.006), ARDS (19% vs. 7%, p=0.04), myocardial infarction (21% vs. 8%, p=0.05) and operative mortality (11% vs. 2%, p=0.04). The ICU stay was a day longer and the total length of stay was about four days longer in the older cohort. A total of 75% of the older patients were alive five years after CABG, compared to 74% of the reference population (p=0.87). Similar numbers for AVR were 65% for the patients compared to 74% in the reference population (p=0.06).

CONCLUSION
The rate of complications, operative mortality and length of hospital stay is higher in patients older than 75 years compared to younger patients. Survival of the older group of patients indicates good long-term results after open heart surgery for this patient cohort.


Thank you for reading cyclic fatigue in ceramics current japanese materials research vol 14. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this cyclic fatigue in ceramics current japanese materials research vol 14, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their computer.


In order to evaluate the effects of 30% Wuniliao EC on Herse convolvuli larvae and Charops bicolor(Szepligeti),lethal effect and sublethal effect of 30% Wuniliao EC,50% Phoxim EC and 48% Chlorprifos EC on the insect pest and the parasitoid were determined.The result of field trial showed that corresponding efficacy of 30% Wuniliao EC,50% Phoxim EC and 48% Chlorprifos EC against the second instar larvae of H.convolvuli at the respective dosage of 50 mL/667 m2,50 mL/667 m2,and 60 mL/m2 diluted with 30 kg water were 0.2%,94.6% and 95.7% one day after treatment;72.7%,87.7% and 97.5% three days after treatment;93.3%,63.6% and 91.1% five days after treatment;86.3%,48.7% and 61.2% ten days after treatment.When both C.bicolor adult and pupae were treated with the above-mentioned 3 insecticides,the survival rate of the former were 98.7%,31.3% and 20.7% respectively and that of the latter were 98.6%,41.3% and 24.6% respectively.The parasitism rate of the parasitoid,which hadn't been directly killed by the above-mentioned 3 insecticides,to larvae of H.convolvuli were 46.7%,16.7% and 7.3%,respectively.The results indicate that 30% Wuniliao EC can be effective to control H.convolvuli and be much safer to C.bicolor.The persistent effect of 30% Wuniliao EC is better than those of other tested insecticides.


China's industry boom has not only brought unprecedented prosperity, but also caused the gradual depletion of various resources and the worsening of the natural environment. Experts admit that China is facing serious environmental problem, but they believe that they can seek a new path to overcome it through joint efforts. Early warning information release and clean production are the important concepts in addressing the imminent crisis. Early warning information release system can monitor and forecast the risk that affects the clean production. The author drawn the experiences and lessons from developed countries, combined with China's reality, put forward countermeasures and suggestions about constructing early warning information release system in process of Chinese town-scaled enterprises clean production.


Neuroscience is a rapidly expanding area of research and it has broadened out into a number of 'applied' fields. In particular, educational researchers and teacher educators have embraced it, often with unseemly haste. There is now an international society for Mind, Brain and Education and a new peer-reviewed journal of the same name. Major centres or research networks have been set up in London, Cambridge, Harvard, and Bristol, and there are researchers working on it in departments of psychology and education at many universities. It is frequently argued that teachers in training should be given a healthy does of 'brain research'. In arguing for radical scepticism about all this, I begin by making a number of disclaimers:


In 1996, White light emitting diode (WLED) was fabricated by using the blue LED chip and yellow emitting phosphor such as cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce3+) by Nichia, and further developed the major market age. Although the WLED has high brightness and efficiency, it still has some problems such as color variation, low reproducibility, and the prepared phosphor has low thermal stability. Recently, there is a problem with heat generated as the driving current increased due to the high power LED that has developed. That is to say, if heat problem cannot be improved effectively, luminous efficiency will be affected. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, it is necessary to take a way to improve the conversion efficiency and thermal stability. Regarding the heat problem, the phosphate oxide compound ( ABPO4,A=Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+,B=Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+ ) as the host lattice of covalent nature of the phosphor have three dimensional rigid structure. The phosphate oxide is very suitable for carrier transport, and the thermal stability of the phosphate series is quite outstanding. Using phosphate as host lattice in the phosphor material can solve the thermal problem of the high power of white LED in effective way. Besides that, phosphate based phosphors have excellent color rendering, small color cast, low cost and low patents limit to be a great potential of development in the future. Thus, in this thesis, we choose four different structures as host, which are KSrPO4, NaCaPO4, LiSrPO4 and LiBaPO4, respectively andchoose three different rare earth elements as activator, which are Tb, Sm, and Eu. Moreover, KSrPO4:Tb3+, LiSrPO4:Eu3+, KSrPO4:Eu3+, KSrPO4:Sm3+, and KSrPO4:Tb3+:Ce3+ phosphors were synthesized by using microwave assisted sintering technique and discussed their microstructure and photoluminescent properties. The experimental results showed the phosphors prepared by using microwave assisted sintering can reduce the sintering time, cost, and required energy for the high quality production of phosphors. Moreover, several fluxes were used to improve the sintering process and to enhance the photoluminescent properties in phosphor. In this thesis, we also adopted NaCl and NH4Cl fluxes to synthesis KSrPO4:Eu2+and NaCaPO4:Eu3+ phosphor, respectively and investigated their microstructure and photoluminescent properties. In the last part of this thesis, we choose the optimal sintering parameter for phosphors of NaCaPO4:Eu3+, LiSrPO4:Eu3+, and KSrPO4:Eu3+, and compared their photoluminescent properties. Among these, we choose a red phosphor of KSrPO4:Eu3+ with the optimal photoluminescent properties and tried to package it into the YAG:Ce3+ WLED. From the experimental results, it can be known that the addition of the red phosphor of KSrPO4:Eu3+ prepared by using microwave assisted sintering was supposed to improve the color rendering of the YAG:Ce3+ WLED and the WLED could continually emit light under 1350 mA due to the phosphate based phosphor.


A novel three-dimensional flash EEPROM cell named the TEFET (Trench Embedded Field Enhanced Tunneling) has been developed for ultra high density memory applications. The cell technology is compatible with standard CMOS processes. It provides very small cell size, large read current, low erase voltage, greatly improved cycling endurance, and excellent scalability as compared to conventional planar cells.<<ETX>>


For the sheet metal with large size and complex geometry shape such as autopanel, it is always a difficult and time consuming work to set up the FEM model of numerical simulation of stamping process. In the paper, the methods of modeling the FEM model of sheet with complex shape for stamping simulation were introduced. Based on the procedure of sheet metal forming numerical simulation, a new method directly creating FEM mesh from the scanned data was presented. The new method dramatically decreases the workload and enlarges the robustness of the modeling process. For dealing with the problem of the initial blank geometry is not clear, some predict methods were compared.


This essay tries to he a detailed study of Bacchylides' Dithyramb 19. in which it is discussed te estival in which the poem was performed and the date of tho eomposition, the structure and the significance of the prooerniurn and the myth, and tho treatment of the los myth in comparison with other vorsions, without leaving out 4w aualysis of metrical strueture and te discussion of textual problems.


Disclosed are a flow control valve and a valve plug thereof, the valve plug comprising a spherical housing, wherein a spherical inner cavity (25) is provided in the spherical housing, and a first liquid hole (211) and a second liquid hole (221) are provided on the spherical housing, with the first liquid hole (211) and the second liquid hole (221) being positioned at two opposite sides of the spherical housing respectively; the first liquid hole (211) is communicated with the second liquid hole (221) through the spherical inner cavity; and a stirring control part (24) is provided on the spherical housing. The present flow control valve not only reduces processing costs, but also is capable of obtaining an ideal parabola-shaped flow characteristic curve.


The Simulation of computer's smart and intelligent behavior has already been observed and experienced by almost all of us. With the advent of the challenging concepts of Artificial Intelligence (AI), machines have become so far successful of imitating intelligent behavior of human beings. The revolution that has come because of the introduction of AI systems has been widely accepted and has truly spread lots of excitement in our society. AI enabled road traffic management is the topic to focus upon which still has huge scope of ground level improvement. First and foremost, commuters must obey the rules without which any system to control traffic would go in vain but as our country has risen in stature towards a more higher position in the world both technologically and economically, the moment has come to carefully steer the traffic conditions using best possible AI techniques to surpass the threats and challenges that it is likely to face along the way from daily commuters. This paper presents all possible emerging applications of AI to smartly control the disruptive traffic condition on Indian roads or in any other part of the world.


Kinetically stabilized 1,2-dibromodisilene, Bbt(Br)Si═Si(Br)Bbt (Bbt = 2,6-bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-4-[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl) (2), was treated with [Pt(PCy3)2] to afford the corresponding arylbromosilylene–Pt complex, Bbt(Br)Si═Pt(PCy3)2 (1), as stable orange crystals. The molecular structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. The nature of the Si–Pt bond in 1 was investigated with the aid of DFT calcualtions.


Background: The common belief amongst the consumers of smokeless tobacco products is Smokeless Tobacco Products (STPs) are not hazardous as smoking tobacco. Any form of tobacco consumed is addictive and the nicotine absorbed from these products is manifold higher than the nicotine produced and delivered from a cigarette. Aim: The aim of this narrative review is to consolidate and summarize the data from various studies to find out whether smokeless tobacco products are less harmful than smoking tobacco products or vice-versa. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases like EBSCO, Google scholar, Pubmed, Embase from 1957 to 2021. The keywords used for search was 'smokeless tobacco products', 'bacterial population AND smokeless tobacco products', 'water content, pH in STP'. Result: In total, 52 articles were selected to analyze the parameters, which proved increasing carcinogenicity in smokeless tobacco products. Various parameters were analyzed which include pH, water content, manufacturing procedure of STP and microbial population in smokeless tobacco products. Conclusion: The literature search suggests that the microbial population in smokeless tobacco products acts as a cascading series of events in carcinogenesis and other opportunistic infections and concludes that smokeless tobacco products are equally harmful as smoking tobacco products.


The paper mainly discusses the conditions of occurrence of geothermal water and conceptual model of geothermal reservoir structure in the Nanmenxia-Taizi area, Huzhu County, on the northwestern margin of the Xining basin.The conceptual model of the geothermal reservoir proposed in the paper is as follows:stratigraphic control on the geothermal reservoir-lateral runoff recharge of groundwater-terretrial heat supply-terretrial heat conduction along the deep fault-heat storage in low-thermal conductivity rocks. On that basis, it is concluded that: this geothermal reservoir occurs in marble of the the Neoproterozoic Kesur Formation and sandy conglomerate of the Lower Cretaceous Minhe Formation, lies on a slope zone between the Laoyeshan uplift and Shuangshu depression, shows a geological structure of an "uplift in a depression", and has good geothermal-geological conditions and certain prospects of geothermal resource exploitation and utilization.


The article gives an analysis of the current development stagnation in Gaogang Village, puts forwards strategies for its drawbacks in industrial structure, resident population and cultural construction, and explores methods of updating space usage and remoulding industries to stimulate the vigor of the village's development.


The Party's cader work must speed up the democratic process and improve the demotratic system to select qualified caders developing the demotratic policics of socialism to ensure the manes' democratic rights.


The turbulent flow of air generated by spinning disks in hard disk drives (HDD) is known to be major contributor to undesirable vibrations of the head stack assembly (HSA). The continuing demand for higher capacities in HDD has resulted in a continual increase in areal densities. Densities in excess of 100 Gb/ in2 have been demonstrated and it is widely projected that conventional technology will ultimately achieve 1 Tb/in2 . It is foreseeable that at such areal densities, a track density of 0.5 Million tracks/inch will be required, with each recorded bit being roughly 13 × 50 nm. Under such conditions, the tracking accuracy required is approximately 1.5 nm RMS (root mean square). These goals place stringent requirements on the positioning accuracy of the actuator while accentuating the need to mitigate the various sources of track misregistration (TMR).© 2005 ASME


1. Based on field observations and analyses of stomach contents, the feeding habits of 53 species of snakes from Chekiang may be summarized in table 1.2. A considerable number of snakes show a marked preference for particular kinds of prey. The following table shows food preferences of the snakes under investigation.3. The following feeding habits are rarely reported by previous authors: Agkistrodon acutus feeding on Rana spinosa, Bufo bufo gargarizans and Takydromusseptentrionalis;Agkistrodon halys on Naja naja atra and spiders; Hemibungarus kelloggi on Natrix annular is; Holarchus formosanus on lizards; Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus on frogs; Natrix tigrina lateralis on loaches; Natrix stolata and Elaphe rufodorsata on snails; Zaocys dhumnades on earthworms.4. The feeding habits of snakes are closely related with their habitats and the structure of their mouths.5. All snakes arc carnivorous. Generally, they feed on living animals, but are occasionally necrophagous or zoosaprophagus.6. Most snakes have no marked economic value. Species of Dinodon, Ptyas, Elaphe, Bungarus, Naja, Agkistrodon and Trimeresurus consume large numbers of rodents and are, therefore, beneficial to agriculture. Unfortunately, species of the last four genera are poisonous, thus offsetting the good they do. Species of Typhlops and Eurypholis feeding on insects, species of Matrix and Amblycephalus on slugs and snails are also beneficial. On the contrary, many species feeding on frogs, toads and fishes bring about harmful effects to agriculture and fisheries.


Studies with the JAK‐STAT inhibitor AG‐490 suggest that activation of STAT1 and STAT3 is necessary for the delayed protection afforded by ischemic preconditioning (PC). However, the individual role of STAT1 in late PC‐induced cardioprotection remains unclear. We used STAT1−/− mice to investigate the role of STAT1 in mediating the protective effects of ischemic PC and the expression of cardioprotective proteins (iNOS, COX‐2, and HO‐1).


A spin-crossover Hoffman-like metal–organic framework, [Fe(dpb){Au(CN)2}2]·nSolv (dpb = 1,4-di(pyridin-4-yl)benzene; nSolv = 1.5DMF·0.3EtOH·0.2C6H12), is prepared and presents appreciable porosity. By introducing different aromatic guest molecules (benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and ferrocene) and carbon disulfide into this framework, the spin-crossover cooperativity is dramatically modulated. The thermal hysteresis width is tuned from 0 K to 73 K by replacing the original solvents with naphthalene in the 1D channel. DFT calculations are carried out to evaluate the optimized positions of guests and offer an insight into the relationship between spin-crossover cooperativity and host–guest interaction. As a result, significant π⋯π stacking interactions (or S⋯Au contact) between the host framework and aromatic guest molecules (or CS2) are responsible for the strong cooperativity.


A new method for additive manufacturing of thermosetting resins using selective, localized radio‐frequency (RF) heating and curing in a thermoset reservoir is demonstrated. The use of a local RF applicator addresses the challenge of selective curing and printing of heat‐curable thermosets from a reservoir of resin, without the addition of photocurable acrylates. The filler of interest is multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, which heat up rapidly in response to an RF field. A target temperature can be maintained by modulating the RF power. Multilayered structures were 3D printed by moving the RF applicator relative to the resin reservoir, selectively curing the resin exposed to the field; this process was repeated for each layer. Thermal and mechanical properties of RF‐printed samples were compared against conventional samples, with both methods showing similar glass transition temperatures and storage moduli; the RF‐heated samples showed a more uniform morphology with lesser voids. The 3D printing process (temperature and conversion varying in space and time) is modeled to demonstrate the scope of this method in printing complex structures. This method of multilayered additive manufacturing of thermosetting resins allows for rapid, free‐form processing.


【Objective】 To investigate the effect of periodontitis on serum hs-CRP(high sensitive C-reactive protein) and TNF-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha) levels and the severity of coronary artery stenosis in coronary heart disease(CHD),to help identify the potential correlation of periodontitis and CHD.【Methods】 A total of 142 patients with CHD who underwent their angiography were enrolled into the study.According to periodontal examination,the patients were divided into three groups: 32 in-patients were healthy periodontitis(group C),32 in-patients were initial periodontitis(group C+P1),78 in-patients were moderate and severe periodontitis(group C+P2).Each give a score according the severity of periodontitis and coronary artery stenosis.Meanwhile,31 out-patients with simple moderate and severe periodontitis were selected in the Department of Stomatology(group P).The correlation between the severity of periodontitis and serum hs-CRP and TNF-α levels in the patients with coronary heart disease was analyzed by using SPSS13.0.【Results】 There was statistical significance of serum hs-CRP between C+P2 group and P group.There were significant elevation of serum hs-CRP and TNF-α and the severity of coronary artery stenosis accompanied with initial to moderate and severe periodontitis in CHD patients,C﹢P2 group was significantly greater than C﹢P1 group.【Conclusions】 The study concludes that moderate and severe periodontitis may aggravate inflammation and the severity of coronary artery stenosis in CHD patients.Through the above inflammation and cascade reaction,periodontal infection may cause or worsen coronary heart disease.


In this paper, a real-time optimal control technique for control the liquid level and temperature in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) in a pilot plant is proposed. The control system makes use of the Pontryagin's Minimum Principle and from a new back propagation algorithm of the final co-state error, allowing the training of an adaptive fuzzy inference system to estimate values for the optimal co-state variables. These strategies are employed for designing approximate optimal controllers via a control variable discretization. This approach allows the on-line solution of the optimal control problem by training the system, which can be used on a close-loop control strategy. The control system design is developed by minimizing a quadratic performance index selected for the desired operating conditions. The control simulations results are presented.


The use of random finite set (RFS) in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) has many advantages over the traditional random-vector-based approaches. These include the consideration of detection and clutter statistics and the circumvention of data association and map management heuristics in the estimator. However, the equations involved in the RFS-SLAM formulation are computationally more complex compared to the vector-based formulation. The evaluation of the set measurement likelihood is one of the computationally complex steps, as it is necessary to consider the likelihood of all possible landmark to measurement correspondences. In general, a brute-force approach in calculating a set measurement likelihood is computationally intractable, and such an approach prevents a RFS-SLAM algorithm to perform in real time. This paper presents a collection of methods for efficiently computing and approximating the set measurement likelihood. The proposed methods are validated in both simulations and using real experimental data.


Background and Aim: Investigations generally show that military employees may be more exposed to mental trauma than civilians. This study aimed to recognize the relationship between resiliency and the practice of religious beliefs with the anxiety and depression among soldiers. Methods: This is a correlation study including all military service soldiers (18─29 years old) with at least a diploma degree who were in military service in spring and summer of 2014, in Qom city, Iran. These soldiers were selected by cluster random sampling. Questionnaires for anxiety, practice of religious beliefs, Connor and Davidson resiliency (CD-RISk) and Beck's depression test, were completed by soldiers. Data were analyzed by


Butein is a flavonoid isolated from various medicinal plants. It is known to have different biological activities including anti‐inflammation, anti‐adipogenesis, and anti‐angiogenesis. In the study, we demonstrated the anti‐proliferative effect of butein in human osteosarcoma U‐2 OS cells. Our data showed that butein significantly suppressed the viability and colony formation ability of U‐2 OS cells. Further experiments revealed butein exposure resulted in a cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phase in U‐2 OS cells. Importantly, we found that butein activated the tumor suppressor p53, and trigged a p53‐dependent senescence in U‐2 OS cells. Knockdown of p53 suppressed the senescence and rescued the viability in butein‐treated U‐2 OS cells. Furthermore, we observed that butein exposure significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in U‐2 OS cells. Co‐administration of the ROS inhibitor NAC largely abolished the up‐regulated p53 protein level, and rescued the suppressed viability and colony formation ability in butein‐exposed U‐2 OS cells. Taken together, our data proposed the increased ROS by butein exposure activated p53, and the activated p53 was involved in the anti‐proliferative effect of butein via inducing senescence in U‐2 OS cells. This report suggests that butein is a promising candidate for cancer therapy against osteosarcoma.


In this article, a new conjugate gradient method based on the MBFGS secant condition is derived, which is regarded as a modified version of Dai–Liao method or Yabe–Takano method. This method is shown to be globally convergent under some assumptions. It is new feature that the proof of global convergence of this method is very simple without proving so-called Property(*) given by Gilbert and Nocedal for general unconstrained optimization problems. Our numerical results show that this method is efficient for the given test problems.


Nylon 6 and 66 were toughened with EPDM-g-MA and SEBS-g-MA and steadystate rheological behaviour of rubbers, nylons and their blends and mechanical properties of nylons and their rubber-toughened blends were investigated. The EPDM maleic grafting preparation was performed in the framework of this study where SEBS-g-MA was obtained from a commercial source. The results showed the ultratoughened SEBS-g-MA blends, whereas EPDM blends under the same blending conditions did not show a significant improvement in toughness. In case of EPDM toughened blends an average of some micrometers was observed for the dispersed EPDM particles. Impact and tensile properties of the toughened blend with 20% of SEBS-gMA rubber showed about 1540% improvement in impact and 240% in elongation-atbreak of the blend as compared with those of neat nylon, whereas these properties only showed 30% reduction in Young's modulus of the blends. Rheological measurements revealed the closeness of the viscosity of SEBS-g-MA and nylon 66, whereas the viscosities of EPDM rubber and nylons were found very far from each other under the blending conditions. Morphological observations using SEM technique revealed a co-continuous and a probable nano-scale-dispersed SEBS-g-MA in nylon matrix.


Objective To investigate the lung uptake of 99Tcm-HMPAO in the amiodarone-induced lung injury and the mechanism of its abnormal uptake. Methods Eighteen Harbin white rabbits were randomly divided into three groupsA B and C 10mgkg 50mgkg 150mgkg amiodarone was given everyday respectively. Prior to 99Tcm-HMPAO static images were taken on baseline and 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks after having amiodarone. 7×5 pixel ROIs were drawn on the right lungR and right upper limbB. RB was calculated and shown as x±s. At the same time 2.5ml vein blood were taken on the ear marginal vein. The content of endothelin were detected by the radio-immuno analysis method. Two weeks after taken amiodarone in C and 4 weeks in A B all the rabbits were killed by cutting the lower limb artery. Lungs were taken out immediately to have light microscopic and electron microscopic detection. Results Compared with the baseline lung uptake of 99Tcm-HMPAO there is statistical difference in A Bboth 3 weeks later and C1 week later(P0.05). The blood endothelin concentration also showed great difference at different time in each group compared to the control group. Light microscopy revealed typical interstitial pneumonia. While electron microscopy showed edematous changes in the endothelial cytoplasm. Conclusion 99Tcm-HMPAO can be used to detect early lung injury in amiodarone-induced lung toxicity. Microvascular endothelium of lung is presumably the main location site of 99Tcm-HMPAO abnormal concentration.


This report describes a flexible and stretchable superhydrophobic surface on an elastomer silicone rubber by one-step laser treatment for the future flexible and wearable electronics. Previously, there are some studies about the fabrication of superhydrophobic surface on silicone rubber by forming micro- or nanostructure. However, the superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning under bending/stretching and time reliability have yet to be demonstrated. Here, we conduct a systematic study of superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning surface under applying a tensile stress and its application of microfluidic valve.


Abstratct: Microarrays are relatively new techniques that allow scientists to measure the expression level of thousands of genes simultaneously. Many clustering methods are currently applied to analyze microarray data, including fuzzy k-means, which allows an object to be assigned to multi-clusters with different degree of membership. However, the memberships that result from fuzzy k-means, are rarely analyzed and visualized properly, but converted to 0-1 memberships. In this paper, we propose a new approach to visualize fuzzy-clustered data. The scheme provides a geometric view by grouping the objects with similar cluster membership, and shows clear advantages over existing methods, demonstrating its capabilities for viewing and navigating inter-cluster relationships in a spatial manner. The advantages are analyzed on microarray data for experiments on the cell cycle of the budding yeast.


Introduction We report on the case of a 15 year old young person with a known diagnosis of autism presenting with a rapid and acute regression in functional abilities, decline in expressive speech and bizarre posturing. The symptoms first started during lockdown (April 2020) with anxiety related to school work followed by urinary incontinence, insomnia, muttering to self and incongruent smiling. Initial medical investigations including MRI, lumbar puncture and 24hour EEG were inconclusive, so she was referred to Paediatric Liaison for assessment. Objectives We demonstrate the value of a child psychiatry liaison service being involved with young people in an acute medical hospital Methods This young person had a thorough psychiatric assessment. Results Through daily psychiatric assessment and reviews with the young person, her parent, social care, wider community team, school and Paediatric Inpatient ward in order to expand on the understanding of the young person and develop a case formulation. She was started on oral Olanzapine 2.5mg which was gradually increased to 10mg OD with minimal improvement. Conclusions Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD or Heller's Syndrome) is a rare pervasive disorder presenting as a loss of previously acquired skills after at least two years of normal development. Despite no longer being included in DSM-V, it is important for Psychiatrists to have a working knowledge of CDD and consider other differentials when assessing young people. Disclosure No significant relationships.


We report, for the first time to our knowledge, on the polarized absorption and emission spectra and efficient laser action of the Yb:Sr3La2(BO3)4 disordered crystal. The strongest absorption and emission occur at about 977 nm for polarization direction parallel to the crystallographic b axis, with the peak absorption and emission cross-sections amounting, respectively, to 1.95 × 10−20 and 2.45 × 10−20 cm2. Efficient continuous-wave laser action is demonstrated with a-, b-, and c-cut crystal samples longitudinally pumped by a 976-nm diode laser, producing an output power of up to 8.2 W with an optical-to-optical efficiency of 32% with respect to incident pump power. Depending on the output coupling utilized, the laser action could exhibit a transition from single-polarization oscillation to dual-orthogonal-polarization oscillation at a certain pump level.


An empirical relation between the average rainfall and the areal extent of storm rainfall in the Mahanadi Catchment has been derived and tested on a set of 25 rainstorms which were not used in the derivation of this relation. A relation for obtaining the monthly (monsoon months), seasonal (monsoon period) and the annual averages of rainfall from the point rainfall recorded at Balandapara has been derived and the water potential of the catchment has been calculated for standard return periods. Regression equations for estimating the monthly rainfall at Balandapara, during the monsoon period have been worked out.


Testing examined the extent and rate of strontium, plutonium, neptunium, and uranium removal from a 5.6 M Na solution by adsorption onto monosodium titanate (MST) at 0.2 and 0.4 g/L. Previously, Phase IV tests determined removal characteristics with solutions at 4.5M and 7.5M Na concentrations. These latest tests evaluated removal at the Na concentration expected for the Non-elutable Ion Exchange (N-IX) and Caustic Side Solvent Extraction (CSSE) flowsheets. Results indicated decreased sorbate removal from a 5.6M Na solution compared to a 4.5M Na solution. Strontium and plutonium removal produced equilibrium concentrations below Z-area feed limits under certain conditions, which indicated that the isotopic distribution of strontium and plutonium must be considered in design for feed blending strategies. Neptunium removal did not achieve the Z-Area limit at either MST concentration although the addition of 0.4 g/L MST nearly achieved the limit. The results indicated that strontium and plutonium removal rates decrease with increased sodium concentration (i.e., ionic strength). Neptunium and uranium removal proved lower from the 5.6M Na solution than the 7.5M Na solutions. These results provide additional data for sizing continuously stirred tank reactors for the Small Tank Tetraphenylborate (STTB) process and processing tanks for a strontium and alpha removalmore » unit operation in the CSSE and N-IX processes.« less


1. The composition of the epoxy adhesive soderzhaschayaa) a first epoxy resin, b) a second epoxy resin modified with a copolymer based on 1,3-diene and a polar ethylenically unsaturated comonomer, c) an additive that increases the impact strength chosen from the group consisting of compounds of formula I wherein m is 1 or 2, n is from 2 to 6, Ryavlyaetsya n-valent radical of an elastomeric prepolymer after the removal of the terminal isocyanate, amino or hydroxyl group, wherein the elastomeric prepolymer is dissolved or dispersed in epoxy resin, W and X YaV yayutsya independently -O- or -NR-, wherein at least one of W and X is -NR-, Ryavlyaetsya m + 1-valent radical of polyphenol or aminophenol after removal of the phenolic hydroxyl group and optionally of the amino group, and Ryavlyaetsya hydrogen, a C-Calkilom or phenol, and compounds of formula II wherein p is 1 or 2, q is 2 to 6, Y is -O-, -S- or -NR-, Z is a radical selected from the group consisting of -OH , -NHR, -OCNRyavlyaetsya residue polyether prepolymer with terminal hydroxyl, mercapto or amino groups or a prepolymer segmentirova Nogo polyester, polyamide or polythioether terminated with hydroxyl, mercapto or amino groups, Ryavlyaetsya carbocyclic aromatic or araliphatic p + 1-valent radical with groups Z bound directly to an aromatic ring, Ryavlyaetsya hydrogen, C-Calkilom or phenyl and methyl or hydrogen Ryavlyaetsya and mixtures thereof, and d) a polymer comprising a polyester segment, said polymer is at least partially crystalline at room temperature and has a softening point in the range of


Nathaniel D. Wood. Becoming Metropolitan: Urban Selfhood and the Making of Modern Cracow. DeKaIb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2010. xiv, 272 pp. Illustrations. Bibliography. Index. $40.00, cloth.The adjectives that first come to mind after reading this book - words like "delightful," "funny," and "entertaining," - are not the ones I would typically apply to a significant scholarly monograph, particularly one dealing with Polish history, a topic that is usually so laden with lachrymose sobriety. But that is precisely Nathaniel Wood' s point: our view of Poland's past has been so overwhelmed by stories of national suffering and resurrection that we have been blinded to almost everything else. Even those of us who have been critical of Polish nationalism still tend to remain trapped within the categories established by patriotic activists a century ago, perceiving everything through the prism of the nation and its much-recounted "tragic fate." Wood shatters that trap wide open by offering a portrait of daily life in Cracow during the first years of the twentieth century, as depicted on the pages of the popular press. His cast of characters includes servant girls, shopkeepers, homeless children, middle-class journalists, night watchmen, aviators, peasant migrants, and many more, whom we follow as they attempt to adjust to the transformation of a small town into a modern city. Wood's dry wit and vibrant writing style make him an ideal guide through Cracow's busy streets of a century ago. Although it helps that he is relying on a source base that tends towards both the dramatic and the comic, in the hands of many historians even this material could become dull.Beyond the sheer entertainment value of the book, however, is a serious argument. As Wood puts it, "In Cracow's popular illustrated daily newspapers, the principal source of identification, the 'first-person plural' that led to the creation of an 'imagined community', was not national but metropolitan [...]. Even in an era of intense nationalism, the popular press and its average readers were more concerned on a daily basis with urban issues than national ones" (p. 202). The citizens of Cracow were joining what he calls an "interurban matrix" that allowed them to see themselves alongside the citizens of London, Paris, Chicago, and Berlin, and to interpret stories of crime, traffic, disease, development, electrification, or dirt as relevant whether set a few blocks from their home or a continent away. Cracovians were becoming, Wood argues, "less obsessed with the city's Polish past" as they embraced the norms of twentieth century urban life (p. 128).The mark of a really important scholarly thesis is that it seems obvious once stated, despite the fact that no one has quite noticed it before. Of course people cared more about plumbing than politics on a day-to-day basis; of course they did not go through their lives constantly performing their Polishness. …


I have shown that tire pressure bears a linear relationship to bicycle wheel size over 18 days and with temperature changes of up to 25 deg C. From a chart of the relationship, rate of change of wheel size with pressure is 0.01%/psi. In the method of course measurement with the bicycle wheel, this corresponds to a rate of change in the wheel calibration constant with pressure of 0.05 rev/km/psi or 1 ct/km/psi. Since I have shown that changes in pressure of as little as 0.1 psi can be detected, this means that changes in the constant of only 0.005 rev/km or 0.1 ct/km can be detected. Thus the calibration constant can be held constant within very acceptable limits throughout drastic temperature changes simply by monitoring tire pressure. Post-measurement calibration is not required nor the need for temporary calibration courses at the race course site. I describe the necessary modifications of pressure gauges to achieve the desired sensitivity for course measurement with both Presta and Schrader inner-tube valves. The use of the unique Silca brass chuck allows even unskilled measurers to get accurate readings every time from the Schrader valve.


The pancreas contains exocrine glands, which release enzymes (e.g., amylase, trypsin, and lipase) that are important for digestion and islets, which produce hormones. Digestive enzymes and hormones are secreted from the pancreas into the duodenum and bloodstream, respectively. Growing evidence suggests that the roles of the pancreas extend to not only the secretion of digestive enzymes and hormones but also to the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and inflammation (e.g., mucosal defense to pathogens and pathobionts). Organ crosstalk between the pancreas and intestine is linked to a range of physiological, immunological, and pathological activities, such as the regulation of the gut microbiota by the pancreatic proteins and lipids, the retroaction of the gut microbiota on the pancreas, the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease, and pancreatic diseases. We herein discuss the current understanding of the pancreas–intestinal barrier axis and the control of commensal bacteria in intestinal inflammation.


Effects of explant type,basic medium type,physiology position of leaves,different plant growth regulators and light on inducing callus were studied.The results indicated that the callus inductivity of leaves was the highest(97.5%) with the lowest contamination percentage(only 4.9%).The order of callus engendering proportion and rate indued in different mediums was 1/2MSMSN6 mediumB5 mediumWhite medium,while by different types of leaves was spiremedium-year leafold leaf and leaves no marginleaves with margin.Callus grew well when cultured by 1/2MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L,and grew vigorously with robust bud cultured by 1/2MS+6-BA2.0 mg/L+IBA0.1 mg/L which could be cultured for rooting.Full light was not beneficial to callus induction,and the callus inducing rate was the highest when lighting 12 h/d.


To evaluate the morphological and functional renal changes following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), renal sonographic evaluations together with I 131 iodine-orthoiodohippurate renal scans and renal functional laboratory tests were performed in 125 patients who underwent ESWL therapy for renal stones. All of these evaluations were performed before and in the short-long follow-up after ESWL. Alterations in these parameteres were evaluated with Student's t test. Evaluations of our results indicated th,t ESWL therapy results in a transient change in renal function returning to normal range within 3-6 months. On the other hand, sonographic evaluation of the treated and untreated kidneys did not show any significant difference in renal size, particularly in the parenchymal thickness of both kidneys. Number of shock waves seemed effective in the degree of deterioration in renal function. [Turk J Med Res 1994; 12(3): 131-135]


This report describes the World Bank's successful interventions in three international river basins-- the Indus, the Mekong, and the Aral Sea --to foster riparian cooperation and agreements. It discusses the key features of the Bank's role and the following strategies: intervening solely to promote development and peace; timing interventions when issues were serious, when riparians were not able to address them on their own, and when they needed and wanted Bank assistance; initiating dialogue with riparian countries at the highest levels to inspire confidence, playing a proactive role in exploring pragmatic solutions acceptable to all parties rather than pursuing ideal but unworkable solutions; using quiet diplomacy in negotiating sensitive issues; making the required long-term staff and budgetary commitment despite final outcome uncertainty; mobilizing donor countries support; and analyzing risks and taking appropriate measures to minimize them. The paper concludes that the Bank can succeed in other international river basin conflicts if it follows these same strategies.


Abstract The purpose of this tutorial article is to provide a brief update on the advances available for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), focusing broad experimental and instrumental possibilities. Due to the inherent versatility of LIBS, this technique can be elegantly applied to various applications. However, during the method development one should have prior knowledge about its analytical limitations in order to obtain reliable results. In the present review, we summarize key analytical variables required for proper sample treatment, analytical signal enhancement, data processing, qualitative and quantitative approaches as well as recent research and developments using LIBS. Remarkable analytical advances have recently been proposed for LIBS and raised its analytical performance to a level never reached before. Most prominent perhaps, have been the development of many nontraditional calibration approaches based on transition atomic energies (emission wavelengths), the use of a single standard for calibration, increase of the ablated sample mass (accumulated laser pulses), and even overcoming severe LIBS problems such as the matrix effects.


The expensive price and complicated structure of gyrocompass cannot satisfy the need of present education. this paper analyzed the structure and function of a new type gyro compass TG-8000/8500. In unity 3D engine, using virtual reality technology to develop this type of gyrocompass simulation system. Lagrange interpolation method has been used to construct interpolation basis functions, and the motion of 3-DOF (degrees of freedom) of system related parts is realized. Through the mass spring model built the simulation of the flexible object and simulated functions of the components in the compass system and the functions of the operation panel. Finally, the generation and publication of the virtual scene are completed. Keywords—TG-8000/8500; Unity3D; mass spring model; simulation


The Comoro Islands have historically played a vital role in the commercial and religious history of the south-west Indian Ocean and as a human bridge between the African continent, Madagascar, and the Mascarene Islands. In this paper I seek to examine three aspects of this relationship as it pertains to Mozambique and to stimulate collaborative scholarly research. The first topic examines the intimate trading connections between the Comoros and Mozambique. While much attention has been focused on the slave trade of this circuit in the 19th century, we must not overlook the thriving, complex exchange of foodstuffs that was equally part of the same regional network. These connections underpinned the second and third issues that I discuss in this paper. The second aspect of this relationship focuses on the African diaspora in the Indian Ocean world. 1 examine how displaced African populations were absorbed into their host societies, the ways in which they maintained and transformed their own cultural identities, and the influences that they carried with them into these new historical situations in the Comoros. The third element of this relationship concerns the history of Islam in northern Mozambique, in the 19th and 20th centuries, which is intimately tied to the Comoros.


The substrate specificity of some kinds of dehydrogenases and hydrolases is not high, although they catalyze the reactions very stereoselectively. This property (the wide substrate specificity coupled with the narrow stereoselectivity) makes the enzymes versatile tools in organic synthesis. Nowadays, their application is being developed towards more and more extraordinary artificial substrates in order to confirm the generality of the enzymic method. Two typical examples are the asymmetric reduction of cage-shaped cycloalkanones' and the hydrolysis of binaphthol diestem2 However, most of the previous substrates were made up of only the usual elements (i.e., C, H, 0, N, S, and P). Treatment of more various heteroatom-containing substrates such as organometallics is important for future development of enzyme technology. A few works have been published on the asymmetric bioconversion of organometallics (see the references cited in the previous cornmunicati~ns'~~), but their number is still limited. Here, we report our recent findings about the asymmetric transformation of metallocene derivatives by two enzymes having the aforementioned property: horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH) and pig liver esterase (PLE). The choice of metallocenes as the substrates is based on the facts that (1) they are water-tolerant organometallics and (2) they are able to attain planar chirality, which, although not encountered in biochemical processes, is very important as the structural principle of chiral auxiliaries for asymmetric reagents and catalysts.'


Correct implementation of network policies provides secure and high performance network environment for multi-tenant Cloud Data Center (DC), but at the same time, requires substantial effort for manual configuration. While it is reported that 78% of DC downtime is caused by misconfiguration, the dynamic policy configuration and user demands on server consolidation have amplified the challenge of correct implementation. In this paper, we propose joint virtual machine and network policy migrations - Two-way migration - to facilitate the simultaneous need of dynamic server consolidation and policy management. Extensive simulation analysis shows that the proposed Two-way migration can mitigate link utilization at the core and aggregation layers by 90% and 28% respectively while adhering strictly to the network policies.


This research demonstrates that multiple
mono-energetic gamma lines produced from low threshold, high-Q
nuclear reactions can be used to detect the presence of high-Z
material shielded in low- and medium-Z cargo. Specifically, this
work establishes a research foundation to inform the eventual
development and optimization of a new type of low-dose, rapid-scan,
transmission radiography imaging system designed to detect the
presence of special nuclear material in cargo. This thesis explores
the processes, reactions, and detection methods that may be used to
develop a transmission imaging system significantly different from
existing interrogation methods and major systems currently deployed
in the field. This thesis introduces the nuclear smuggling issue,
provides relevant background information, and defines the high-Z
material detection problem. It also provides a brief overview of
SNM detection efforts, to include both passive and active
detection, and shows why active detection methods are needed to
detect shielded SNM. The thesis then explains the underlying
physics important to multiple monoenergetic gamma line imaging and
defines key concepts to the characterization of cargo. An overview
of the experimental concept and setup, to include development of a
theoretical model to predict imaging counts, simulations conducted
in support of the experiment, the presence and mitigation of
neutrons in the beam line, major equipment and materials used, and
the data acquisition and analysis software programs employed is
then provided. This work considers and explains the difficulties of
scanning of homogeneous and non-homogeneous cargoes, potential
scanning system vulnerabilities to high-Z material smuggling, and
suggests future efforts to address these vulnerabilities. The
purpose, conduct, and results of 161 individual tests are provided.
Finally, this thesis provides conclusions and recommendations for
future work that could lead to development of a better cargo
scanning system. Key achievements of this thesis included
development of a simple attenuation model to predict the
theoretical ratio of two monoenergetic gamma lines transmitted
through complex cargo, exploration of the ability to discriminate
between medium and high-Z materials both as pure cargo and when
embedded in Fe, and the This research demonstrates that multiple
mono-energetic gamma lines produced from low threshold, high-Q
nuclear reactions can be used to detect the presence of high-Z
material shielded in low- and medium-Z cargo. Specifically, this
work establishes a research foundation to inform the eventual
development and optimization of a new type of low-dose, rapid-scan,
transmission radiography imaging system designed to detect the
presence of special nuclear material in cargo. This thesis explores
the processes, reactions, and detection methods that may be used to
develop a transmission imaging system significantly different from
existing interrogation methods and major systems currently deployed
in the field. This thesis introduces the nuclear…


The phototoxicity test was carried out with a pure sample of methyl trans-5-(thiophene-2-yl)-pent-4-yn-2-enoate isolated from the essential oil of Ch. fuscatum which was tested against four bacteria and a yeast. This chemical is a good phototoxic agent which may justify its use in ophthalmology as an infusion of inflorescences of Ch. fuscatum


The current paper explores the role that identities play in creating and maintaining a sense of community in an organization supporting homeless artists in the South. Couched in the social movements literature on collective identity, this study examines the ways individual identities contribute to an overall collective identity of artists and volunteers within the organization Art from the Streets (AFTS). Relying on organizational materials, face-to-face interviews, and participant observation conducted from August to December 2011, the current research finds that AFTS creates a space where homeless individuals can negotiate the stigmatized identities they experience on the streets and adopt a more empowering identity. In the process, the organization fosters a collective identity among all members. This paper adds to the existing social movements scholarship by examining how an empowering collective identity is formed among members with individual identities that are traditionally considered stigmatized in larger society.


Moringa oleifera (family Moringaceae) is the only genus which is cultivated most widely. Moringa is commonly known as drumstick tree, horseradish tree, benzoil tree etc. Moringa oleifera is very resistant, fast growing and requires very less amount of water to grow, i.e. it can grow also in drought conditions. Drumstick tree is a native of southern foothills of the Himalayas in north-west India, and it is widely cultivated in India in tropical
and subtropical regions were the seed pods are used as a part of the diet. Moringa is used since the ancient times in India and is also a native from India. Moringa is having very high nutritional values with around 40 antioxidants and is rich in vitamins A, B, C, D, E and K. Not only vitamins but the plant is also very rich in mineral contents and contains Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Zn. The properties and contents of Moringa can cure a number of deficiencies and diseases. The consumption of moringa can control blood pressure, eyesight, prepare mental alertness and bone strength. Moringa is also used as a fodder for livestock. Therefore, this paper is enlightening the use of Moninga as a rich source of food for the nutritional enrichment.


The rapeseed oil degumming by phospholipase A2 was studied.The optimum parameters were decided as follows: enzyme dosage 90 μL/kg,pH 6.0,water content 2%,temperature 40 ℃ and reaction time 3 h.The residual phosphorus content decreased steadily to less than 10 mg/kg.


One of the responsibilities of the historian is to divide history into categories of historical events and trends, subdivide the categories into smaller ones, and continue identifying new levels of subcategories to develop the most organized and logical historical overview possible. Only by establishing categories that are generally agreed upon can historians organize the otherwise overwhelming body of facts that results from the process of historical research. The division of music history into the periods with which we are so familiar (renaissance, baroque, classical, romantic) makes possible a common terminology that permits musicologists and others interested in classical music to communicate accurately.


Prescribed fire is commonly used in silvicultural programs designed to promote oak (Quercus spp.) and hickory (Carya spp.) regeneration in eastern deciduous forests (Brose and others 2008). Thick bark, hypogeal germination, large root systems, repeated-prolific sprouting, and the ability to compartmentalize scars are well-known characteristics that enable oaks and hickories to tolerate fire (Burns and Honkala 1990) unlike certain mesophytic competitors including maples (Acer spp.), black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.).


First-ever 40-nm embedded split-gate MONOS (SG-MONOS) flash macros for automotive micro-controller unit (MCU) have been successfully developed. A SG-MONOS cell realizes high performance with low power consumption and intrinsically high data reliability thanks to the combination of split-gate and charge-trapping structure. In addition, newly developed circuit techniques greatly enhance the advantages of SG-MONOS cells and enable fast and reliable operations even at the junction temperature (Tj) of 170°C with small peripheral circuit area; 1) a sense amplifier with digital offset cancellation (SA-DOC) provides fast read operation over 160 MHz; 2) adaptable program current control scheme (APCCS) and intelligent erase scheme (IES) significantly decrease the program and erase time, which also results in improving the memory cells' reliability; and, 3) 3-D stacked unit capacitors achieve area-efficient charge pump. Two types of embedded flash (eFlash) macros with these technologies, code macro of 2 MB and data macro of 64 KB, were fabricated in a 40-nm eFlash process. The code macro demonstrates the capability of 160-MHz random read operation at Tj= 170°C, reaching 5.1 GB/s read throughput by simultaneous 256 bits read-out from two code macros. The data macro achieves the program/erase endurance over 10 million cycles at Tj= 170°C without any software-assisted techniques.


Abstract Chronic pain is a serious health issue worldwide and is a prominent issue in military and police populations. Chronic pain sufferers often find it difficult to attend in-person treatment sessions for a variety of reasons. Utilizing the internet may allow for greater accessibility to interventions that cater to their specific needs. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the efficacy of an 8-week online ACT-based intervention for chronic pain within a military and police outpatient sample. A total of 29 patients with chronic pain were randomly assigned to treatment or waitlist control conditions, and completed pain-related measures pretreatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Positive outcomes for pain acceptance, fear of movement/re-injury, and pain disability in favor of the treatment condition were found, with interaction effects ranging from moderate to large (i.e., ηp 2 = 0.11–0.32). Improvements in pain-related variables were maintained at the 3-month follow-up. Baseline PTSD and depression scores were not found to be meaningful predictors of changes in primary outcome variables from pre- to post-treatment. We conclude that an online ACT-based intervention can be effective for military and police suffering from chronic pain, though limitations to the study suggest further research is warranted.


In March 1999, postcard advertising company Boomerang Media introduced 'School‐Cards™' into 300 secondary schools across the UK. Today, these cards are available in 1,000 schools reaching approximately 1.4 million secondary pupils. These free postcards provide information of interest to pupils, ranging from educational, social and cultural messages to teenage products and issues. A small proportion of cards is available for advertising or sponsorship, within strict guidelines. Any form of commercial activity within schools is a contentious issue. Yet the popularity of SchoolCards™ suggests it is possible to win the support of schools and advertisers, whilst benefiting and appealing to the fickle teenage audience. This paper describes how the School‐Cards™ scheme was developed, from concept to implementation, analyses postcards' effectiveness as a communication tool and suggests considerations for companies seeking to promote their brands within schools.


Complex holographic schemes are usually required to obtain complex-valued encrypted images that are used for verification in previously proposed authentication approaches based on photon-counting imaging and double-random-phase encoding (DRPE). In this paper, we propose an optical information encryption and authentication system by integrating the classical optical DRPE with a modified iterative phase retrieval algorithm using 2-D median filtering. Only the intensity of the encrypted data needs to be recorded during the optical encryption process, and a private phase distribution is generated by combining iterative phase retrieval and 2-D median filtering. Sparse representation for the phase distribution, but not for a complex-amplitude distribution, is used for decryption and verification. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.


A report is provided on the controversial decision by the Food and Drug Administration on 17 June to approve the wider use of diagnostic kits for the detection of fetal neural tube defects. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Academy of Pediatrics are among the critics who favor tighter restrictions on use of the kits, which measure levels of alpha-fetoprotein in serum samples taken from expectant mothers, on the grounds that false positive results are common, necessitating careful quality control monitoring of physicians, manufacturers, and laboratories performing the test.


Reviews the history of the Fellows grade and lists the 16 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) members confirmed as IEEE Fellows effective 1 January 2008.


This paper considers the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of coherent and uncorrelated targets by exploiting a flexible multiple input multiple output radar. First, the proposed radar is generalized with two coprime expansion factors for enlarging the inter-element spacing of transmit and receive arrays, referred to as sparse arrays with flexible inter-element spacing (SA-FIS), which shows that the conventional nested or coprime ones are the special cases. The range of consecutive lags and the number of unique lags in the sum-difference coarray are derived in closed form. It is verified that SA-FIS can obtain the maximum unique lags and also suppress the mutual coupling effects. We then extend the FIS viewpoint to sparse nonuniform linear arrays, where the two-level nested and coprime arrays are employed to achieve a significant increase in degrees of freedom (DOFs). Furthermore, to fully utilize these unique lags, we propose a reduced-complexity two-step sparse representation algorithm. By modifying and removing the off-diagonal elements of the estimated target covariance matrix, the proposed method can just identify the diagonal ones, thereby leading to further improved performance with much lower computational complexity. Finally, the Cramér-Rao bound on DOAs and correlated coefficients for SA-FIS is derived. Numerical simulations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method with SA-FIS in terms of DOFs, computations, estimation accuracy, and resolution capability compared with previous ones.


This paper develops Cramer-Rao theory for multiagent system design. We apply Cramer-Rao theory to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in order to establish optimal performance bounds that are independent from signal processing algorithms. Bounds on the estimation of various target parameters are developed, and the extension to multiple receivers is considered.


Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has many epidermal cell outgrowths including conical cells and multiple types of trichomes. These include the anther-specific trichome mesh which holds the anthers connate. The R2R3 Myb Subgroup 9 family of transcription factors is involved in development of epidermal cell outgrowths throughout the angiosperms. No previous study has examined all members of this transcription factor family in a single species. All 7 R2R3 Myb Subgroup 9 genes were isolated from tomato. They were ectopically expressed in tobacco to assess their ability to induce epidermal cell outgrowth. Endogenous expression patterns were examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR at different stages of floral development relative to the development of anther trichomes. We report variation in the degree of epidermal cell outgrowth produced in transgenic tobacco for each ectopically expressed gene. Based on expression profile and ectopic activity, SlMIXTA-2 is likely involved in the production of leaf trichomes while SlMYB17-2 is the best candidate for the regulation of the anther trichome mesh. Analysis of the phenotypes of transgenic plants ectopically expressing all 7 genes has revealed the different extent to which members of the same transcription factor subfamily can induce cellular outgrowth. Highlight Characterisation of all members of an important family of transcription factors within tomato showing that all are able to induce epidermal cell outgrowths to varying degrees.


The daily hassles of 5-year-old children were explored and analyzed as microsystems in order to discover the relative importance of ecological factors in children`s daily hassles. The subjects were 322 children, their mothers and 34 teachers recruited from 5 kindergartens and 15 child-care centers in Seoul and Kyonggido province. Children were interviewed individually with pictures showing certain stressful situations. Questionnaires were administered to mothers and teachers. The findings indicated that the microsystem variables of Kindergartens and child-care centers were the most significant factors explaining children`s daily hassles. Therefore, it was suggested that the policies and regulations on child-care facilities be carefully developed and strictly regulated.


iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my research advisor, Dan Reed, for the guidance and encouragement he has provided throughout this project. My partner, Chris Elford, deserves more thanks than I could ever express. Chris has been a good friend during this entire eeort, and has made it enjoyable on a day-today basis. We did not work alone, however. Tara Madyhastha and Chris Kuszmaul were instrumental in shaping the initial design and implementation of the system. More recently, David Blumenthal has made important contributions to the project overall, and to the documentation in particular. Working in the Pablo group has been a genuine pleasure. Thanks to And most of all, Phil Roth, for many hours of conversation and pinball. My parents and brothers have given the love, encouragment, and support that have sustained me thus far. Thanks to them, I had the opportunity to explore the fascinating realm of computers at a young age, and later to fullll my dreams of becoming a computer scientist. and Matt Laitala helped me "recharge" over weekends and holidays. Special thanks to Michal Friedrich for all the encouragement she has given me during our long friendship. Thanks also to my friends from NIU: and Bowker families for their support over the years. In particular, for the kind advice they have provided, my deepest gratitude goes to Dave Jones and Sam Bowen.


Using the IRAM 30 m telescope, we have surveyed an unbiased sample of 47 nearby spiral galaxies of very late (Scd-Sm) Hubble-type for emission in the 12 CO(1−0) and (2−1) lines. The sensitivity of our data (a few mK) allows detection of about 60% of our sample in at least one of the CO lines. The median detected H2 mass is 1.4 × 10 7 Mwithin the central few kpc, assuming a standard conversion factor. We use the measured line intensities to complement existing studies of the molecular gas content of spiral galaxies as a function of Hubble-type and to significantly improve the statistical significance of such studies at the late end of the spiral sequence. We find that the latest-type spirals closely follow the correlation between molecular gas content and galaxy luminosity established for earlier Hubble types. The molecular gas in late-type galaxies seems to be less centrally concentrated than in earlier types. We use Hubble Space Telescope optical images to correlate the molecular gas mass to the properties of the central galaxy disk and the compact star cluster that occupies the nucleus of most late-type spirals. There is no clear correlation between the luminosity of the nuclear star cluster and the molecular gas mass, although the CO detection rate is highest for the brightest clusters. It appears that the central surface brightness of the stellar disk is an important parameter for the amount of molecular gas at the galaxy center. Whether stellar bars play a critical role for the gas dynamics remains unclear, in part because of uncertainties in the morphological classifications of our sample.


This paper focuses on digitalization archival photo Diponegoro University, as the basis for Diponegoro University towards the era of public information openness. This basis can be realized among others bythe publication digital photo archives of the three traditional missions of academic institutions (tridharma perguruan tinggi)  and  digital photo archive of administrative activity of Head of the University of Diponegoro through the website of Khazanah Arsip Foto Undip (Collection of Undip Photo Archive). As a conclusion, Khazanah Arsip Foto Undip were digitalized and uploaded to the Undip website were information to the public about the achievements of the University of Diponegoro in organizing the three traditional missions of academic institutions activities, and the information to the public about the achievements of the Head of Diponegoro University policy.


This article is the result of collaboration between a linguist and an anthropologist. In La Troisième planète. Structures familiales et systèmes idéologiques (The Third Planet: Family Structures and Ideologies) (Todd, 1983), anthropologist Emmanuel Todd provided a world map of family types, which he used to explain the distribution of major political philosophies around the world. However, this did not explain the distribution of the family types themselves. Indeed, a concluding chapter entitled &dquo;Le Hazard&dquo; (The Effects of Chance) stated that the distribution of family types did not seem to be the result of any particular economic or ecological factor and was therefore a prime example of the uncertainty principle at work. However, Laurent Sagart, a linguist specializing in Chinese dialects, noticed that this map of family types exhibited a structure well


The purpose of this thesis is to determine the scope and consequences of the separability doctrine in English law. It reveals a tension which hitherto has not been explored or understood between the desire to widen the separability doctrine so as to promote commercial arbitration and the need for that doctrine to rest on sound principle and policy. The thesis seeks to convince the reader that: (i) English arbitration law is, and should continue to be, based on a contractual theory of arbitration; (ii) the separability doctrine, as applied in England, is consistent with a contractual theory of arbitration; (iii) the best way for the English doctrine of separability to develop, for reasons of policy and principle, is to recognise two main exceptions to separability, these being for non-existent and for illegal contracts; and (iv) the competence-competence principle can, and should, be utilised in order to mitigate some possible drawbacks of the above-mentioned exceptions to the separability doctrine. In developing the above arguments the thesis tackles issues of great importance that have tended to be overlooked, in particular the relationship between the separability doctrine and general theories of arbitration and the relationship between the separability doctrine and the competence-competence principle.


In Germany, the Bundesrat (Federal Council) embodies the tension between parliamentary competition and federal negotiation in a special way. However, its structures and procedures are often considered to be opaque and incomprehensible. Moreover, the Federal Government's lack of a political majority in the Bundesrat often furthers public concern about the institution's potential to block legislation out of party political motives. In fact, the Bundesrat's decision-making procedures are characterised by the interlocking of formal administrative and informal political coordination structures, which are overshadowed by the structures and laws of the parties that act within the institution. Despite partially opposing majorities in the Bundestag and the Bundesrat, only very little legislation finally failed due to the Bundesrat refusing to consent to it during the 17th and 18th parliamentary terms from 2009 to 2017.


The effect of substitutional C on interstitial‐enhanced B diffusion in Si has been investigated. Substitutional C was incorporated into B doped Si superlattices using molecular‐beam‐epitaxial growth under a background of acetylene gas. Excess Si self‐interstitials were generated by near‐surface 5×1013/cm2, 40 keV Si implants and diffused at 790 °C. The interstitial‐enhanced diffusion of the B marker layers is fully suppressed for C concentrations of 2×1019/cm3, thus demonstrating that substitutional C acts as a trap for interstitials in crystalline Si. Uniform C incorporation of 5×1018/cm2 significantly reduces the transient enhanced diffusion of a typical B junction implant without perturbing its electrical activity.


The dielectric and charge properties of XLPE insulation with different service periods are important to estimate the aging state of high voltage cables. The accelerated aging experiment was carried out to obtain the aged XLPE samples with the needle-plate electrodes using power frequency AC source. The surface composition and dielectric parameters of XLPE samples were measured and analyzed with the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and impedance analyzer. The surface potential and trap distribution of XLPE samples were measured by the isothermal surface potential decay (ISPD) method. The tested objects include the new XLPE sample, the samples with different electrical tree lengths, and the one with electrical tree breakdown. The results show that the aging of the electrical tree changes the dielectric parameters and trap distribution of XLPE samples. The dielectric constant increases with the length of electrical tree. The deeper and shallower traps appear simultaneously in the surface layer of XLPE insulation after electrical tree aging, and the trap density increases with the length of electrical tree. The trap energy level is the lowest and the trap density is the largest in the sample with electrical tree breakdown. The FTIR result shows that the absorption peaks of XLPE backbone structure decline obviously after electrical tree aging. The fracture of molecular chain and formation of low density area in XLPE sample are the main reasons for the change of dielectric and trap after electrical tree aging.


A real single-channel color image encryption method based on computational ghost imaging is proposed. Compared with the currently proposed color single-channel encryption scheme, the method does not decompose the color image into three gray-scale images or encode it into a grayscale image for encryption. Instead, the color speckle patterns are used as the key to directly encrypt. The ciphertext is a grayscale image and thus has camouflage properties to a certain extent. Furthermore, the optical encryption setup is easy to be implemented and the key is generated by a chaotic system, which not only guarantees security but also reduces the volume of key transmission. The feasibility and high security of this method are supported by both computer simulations and optical experiments.


The aim of the article. The research purpose is to analyze the concept of depression and depressive states as a scientific category and to consider the main approaches to their study in the historical aspect, to reveal the essence nal background, a change in the motivational sphere, cognitive perceptions and general passive The main classifications of depressions and depressive states are analyzed. Accordingly, they can be divided into the following types: on the basis of phenomenological and nosological characteristics, exogenous and endogenous, mild, moderate and severe types. It is shown that the phenomenological classifications are based on the division of depressions by their clinical manifestations (phenomenological characteristics). While the nosological classification is based on the division of depressions by causes and conditions of their occurrence. It is stated that the group of psychogenic depressions (exogenous, reactive depression) includes disorders arising on the basis of emotional experiences as a person's reaction to a certain traumatic situation. The group of endogenous depressions consists of disorders that reach a psychotic level. The types of depressions and depressive states are also distinguished by the complexity of their occurrence: mild, moderate and severe. The main psychological manifestations of depressive states (emotional, cognitive, behavioral and physiological) are characterized. Conclusions. The concept of depression is determined. The classification of types of depression is revealed. The psychological manifestations of depressive states are characterized. In addition, it is indicated that the content definition and disclosure of features of depressive states can further be applied as the basis for diagnostic and remedial-developmental practices for preventing and reducing the manifestation of depressive states in different life periods of the personality.


Building on Yu and Kumbier's predictability, computability and stability (PCS) framework and for randomised experiments, we introduce a novel methodology for Stable Discovery of Interpretable Subgroups via Calibration (StaDISC), with large heterogeneous treatment effects. StaDISC was developed during our re‐analysis of the 1999–2000 VIGOR study, an 8076‐patient randomised controlled trial that compared the risk of adverse events from a then newly approved drug, rofecoxib (Vioxx), with that from an older drug naproxen. Vioxx was found to, on average and in comparison with naproxen, reduce the risk of gastrointestinal events but increase the risk of thrombotic cardiovascular events. Applying StaDISC, we fit 18 popular conditional average treatment effect (CATE) estimators for both outcomes and use calibration to demonstrate their poor global performance. However, they are locally well‐calibrated and stable, enabling the identification of patient groups with larger than (estimated) average treatment effects. In fact, StaDISC discovers three clinically interpretable subgroups each for the gastrointestinal outcome (totalling 29.4% of the study size) and the thrombotic cardiovascular outcome (totalling 11.0%). Complementary analyses of the found subgroups using the 2001–2004 APPROVe study, a separate independently conducted randomised controlled trial with 2587 patients, provide further supporting evidence for the promise of StaDISC.