The Dust Removal Tool (DRT) is designed to expose the natural surfaces of Martian rocks obscured by layers of dust deposited by aeolian processes. The DRT, contained within a cylinder 154-mm long and 102-mm in diameter, has a mass of 925 grams. Using a single brushless DC motor, the DRT removes dust from an area 45 mm in diameter. During the dust removal process, a set of brushes articulate to maintain surface contact as they rotate at high speed. The DRT belongs to a special class of aerospace mechanisms designed to interact with unstructured extraterrestrial surface objects and environments. The wide range of rock surface characteristics along with severe resource constraints makes the DRT solution non-trivial. The mechanism features a high reduction single-stage planetary gear box and pivoting brushes that both offered lessons learned. The flight unit DRT was integrated with the MSL rover in early 2011 and is currently on track to begin surface operations at Mars' Gale Crater in August 2012.


A mutant strain (the CO2− strain) of the acetogenic bacterium Eubacterium limosum was isolated by nutritional selection on a medium containing methanol and acetate but lacking CO2. The ability of the CO2− strain to grow on methanol/acetate without CO2 or other one-carbon compounds was stable through several transfers in the presence of CO2. The phenotypic difference between the parent and the mutant strain was the ability to support sustained growth in the absence of CO2 by consumption of acetate throughout the growth period. The maximal specific rate of acetate consumption (5 mmol C·g−1·h−1) was similar to that previously observed for a brief period early in the exponential growth phase of the parent strain but was maintained for a prolonged duration. The methanol consumption rate was considerably lower than in the presence of CO2 and was similar to the rate of acetate consumption, hence maintaining equilibrated reducing equivalent pools. The maximal growth rate (0.08 h−1) was lower than that of the parent strain and the optimal pH for growth was 6.5 instead of 7.4 in the presence of CO2. These acidic conditions enhanced the toxic effect of butyric acid, resulting in a more pronounced inhibition of growth, as seen by the decrease in YATP proportional to the accumulated butyric acid.


Bonfim Junior, M. F. and M. M. Inomoto. 2012. Resistance of common bean to Pratylenchus jaehni. Nematropica 42:320-323. A population of Pratylenchus jaehni, named K 5 or race coffee, is found in coffee plantations of Sao Paulo state, Brazil, usually causing extensive damages in plants of Coffea arabica. Taking into account that common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cv. Safira is resistant to this population, two experiments were conducted to verify if other eight cultivars of common bean can be used for the management of P. jaehni in coffee plantations. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse with an initial population of 200 specimens per plot (three plants in a 700 ml plastic pot). Evaluation were performed at 64 and 60 days after inoculation in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, using the variables reproduction factor [RF = final population/initial population] and nematodes/g roots. The nematode did not build up in any of the bean cultivars used in the experiments. The RF ranged from 0.17 (IAPAR 81) to 0.33 (IPR Siriri) in experiment 1 and 0.10 (IPR Juriti) to 0.57 (IPR Siriri) in experiment 2. These results show that the common bean has potential for the management of P. jaehni in coffee plantations, as intercropping or crop rotation.


Federal officials declared Franklin insolvent on October 8, 1 974. While details of the Franklin story were still unfolding, the Bundesbank, West Germany's central bank, announced the liquidation of one of its most active trading banks, Bankhaus I. D. Herstatt KG. The reason given for closing the bank was heavy foreign exchange trading losses, although the precise nature of the transactions was not revealed. In the same year, Wesdeutsche Landesbank Gironzentral of West Germany and Union Bank of Switzerland both sustained "hefty" losses related to foreign exchange.


Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for milk (M), fat (F), protein (P) and log-transformed somatic cell count (SCS) of Brazilian Holstein cattle using an autoregressive test day (TD) multiple lactations animal (AR) model. Data consisted of TD records produced by cows calving from 1992 to 2010 in herds under supervised milk recording. Average heritabilities of first three lactations for M, F, P and SCS equal to 0.,28, 0.29, 0.28 and 0.19 respectively, leaded to genetic gains equal to 40.0, 0.98, 1.0 kg/year and -2,16 units/year for cows born from 1987 to 2008 and 34.9, 0.53, 0.69 kg/year and -4,83 units/year for bulls born from 1977 to 2002, respectively. Heritabilities and genetic gains suggest the AR model as a suitable approach to fit TD records to predict breeding values and to realize genetic gains by selection in Holstein cattle in Brazil.


1. Acknowledgements 2. 1. Introduction 3. I. Structure 4. 2. Predicate topicalization 5. 3. Alternative structures for specificational clauses 6. II. Meaning 7. 4. Decomposing copular clauses 8. 5. Determining the subject type 9. 6. The type of the predicate complement 10. 7. Consequences and extensions 11. III. Use 12. 8. Aspects of use 13. 9. An intergrated analysis 14. 10.Conclusion 15. References 16. Index


The laws of ethics are as firmly fixed in the nature of things as are the laws of astronomy or of chemistry. Disobedience to their mandates is as certain to bring disaster to those who disobey as disregard of the law of gravity brings pain and suffering to those who try to walk over a precipice. Every true law of ethics is fundamentally fixed in the make-up of society and is in no sense a mere empiric order of things without adequate reason. Whenever we disobey such a law we do so at our peril. Good conduct is conduct that comports itself in such a way as to lead to the highest social good. It is conduct that harmonizes with the best interests of society. When certain lines of conduct are interdicted by our fellows we may be quite sure that it is now, or at


The COVID-19 pandemic caused by 2019-nCoV outbreaks in most of the countries has spread rapidly and became a major concern Due to the strong infectivity nature of COVID-19 and lack of experience among forensic experts in performing autopsy during this period, it has been a challenge and a learning experience for the future In this article, we summarize what are the issues faced and managed during and after medico-legal autopsy of confirmed or suspected cases © 2020, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications All rights reserved


First, to evaluate the outcome of 2 transdiagnostic day treatment programs. A 20‐week psychotherapeutic day treatment (PDT) and an activating day treatment (ADT) program delivered in blocks of 4 weeks with a maximum of 24 weeks with respect to depression, anxiety, and hypochondriasis. Second, to explore the impact of cognitive impairment and personality pathology on treatment outcome.


The main functions of VC++ automatic examination system of spare parts quality is discussed in this paper.The detailed presentation of key technique is made,such as the editer and drawer.The system has been developed and put into practice and enhanced the production rate greatly.


We analyze the influence of the band gap offset at the quantum well (QW) heterojunctions on the performance of QW lasers. It is shown that, in addition to the strain, optimization of the band gap offset also leads to improved performance in QW lasers, especially in enabling a simultaneous attainment of ultralow threshold current and high speed. The improvement stems from the reduction of state filling in the QW lasers since the asymmetry between the conduction band and the valence band structures in the optical confining region is compensated by the corresponding optimal band gap offset at the QW heterojunctions. The results provide general guidelines to the design of high performance of QW lasers as well as suggest applications to other active laser devices.


The massive integration of cores in multicore system has enabled chip designer to design systems while meeting the power-performance demands of the applications. However, full-system simulations traditionally used to evaluate the speedup of these systems are computationally expensive and time consuming. On the other hand, analytical speedup models such as Amdahl's law are powerful and fast ways to calculate the achievable speedup of these systems. However, Amdahl's Law disregards the communication among the cores that play a vital role in defining the achievable speedup with the multicore systems. To bridge this gap, in this work, we present PaSE a parallel speedup estimation framework for multicore systems that considers the latency of the Network-on-Chip (NoC). To accurately capture the latency of the NoC we also propose a queuing theory based analytical model. We conduct a case study for a matrix multiplication application and evaluate and analyze the speedup from our framework.


The paper,with currently ten listed hotels and catering companies in China's security market as study object and by adopting panel data model,finds that there exists significant interrelationship between financial performance of these listed companies and enterprise value and part of financial indexes have significant impact on enterprise value.The result of this study is of certain referential value to the financial and operational management of hotels and catering businesses and to the investing decision-making of investors as well as the construction and development of China's security market.


Embracing education 4.0 in universities in the Malaysian perspective has been limited to date and still considered at the early stages of implementation. This paper aims to analyze the literature highlighting the important elements of education 4.0 in universities as a means to position them strategically for the future. This is to provide new insight into the exploration of the idea in education through the perspective of how universities could embrace education 4.0 in the future. Since industrial revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) brings a huge impact on education, this paper helps universities policymakers to embrace their works on developing industrial revolution 4.0 education transformation and put more initiatives for the positive learning experience. This literature analysis reviews the following relevant areas: academic program 4.0, technological advancement 4.0 in teaching and learning, and 21st-century pedagogy. Hence, this study is significant in serving as a guideline to academicians and policymakers in embracing the IR4.0 in higher education. This paper may have some direct implications towards the industrial 4.0 (IR4.0) movements in Malaysia which able to help the ministry to extend their works on developing IR 4.0 education transformation in line with Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025.


We compare the properties of sub-wavelength imaging in the visible wavelength range for metal?dielectric multilayers operating in the canalization and the resonant tunnelling regimes. The analysis is based on the transfer matrix method and time domain simulations. We show that point spread functions for the first two resonances in the canalization regime are approximately Gaussian in shape. Material losses suppress transmission for higher resonances, regularize the PSF but do not compromise the resolution. In the resonant tunnelling regime, the MTF may dramatically vary in their phase dependence. Resulting PSF may have a sub-wavelength thickness and may be broad with multiple maxima and a rapid phase modulation. We show that?the width of PSF may be reduced by further propagation in free space, and we provide arguments to explain this surprising observation.


Benzamide and 3-aminobenzamide, inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, synergistically enhanced the frequencies of unscheduled DNA synthesis and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). These inhibitors also increased methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)- or MNNG-induced DNA strand breaks and significantly retarded the rejoining of strand breaks in CHO and HeLa S3 cells. These results suggest that poly(ADP-ribose) is important in the repair of DNA damage after exposure to alkylating agents and exercises a regulatory role in stabilizing chromatin structure whenever strand breaks occur in DNA.


Based on previous data and experimental results,the gas content distribution characteristics and influence factors in 3# coal seam of Longwan Coal Filed are discussed by using qualitative and quantitative analysis method.The study shows that the regional tectonic evolution is the major factor to control coal seam gas content,the lithology of roof and floor in the 3# coal seam provides favorable gas occurrence conditions,the burial depth is the important factor to lead to gas content change in 3# coal seam.The burial depth and gas content is in positive correlation.The gas content in syncline part of the syncline is greater than that in the wings,anticline shows the opposite trend.


This study examined the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extracts (butanolic, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and the product H2) of 2 plants belonging to the Asteraceae family: Rhaponticum acaule L. and Scorzonera undulata L.Butanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of the Rhaponticum acaule plant showed a moderate antibacterial activity against 3 of the tested strains; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus fecalis while Proteus mirabilis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Citrobacter freundei were resistant to the extracts. The product H2 showed an antibacterial activity against S. aureus, C. freundei and E. fecalis. From the results of the antifungal activity, we observed that butanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of R. acaule showed a strong inhibition against Trichophyton rubrum with inhibition percentage of 56.25 and 78.75%, respectively. Butanolic extract showed a moderate inhibition of Microsporum canis, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Aspergillus fumigatus while ethyl acetate extract showed low inhibition. The aerial part ethyl acetate extract of S. undulata seemed to be more active than the petroleum one. It showed an antibacterial activity against all bacteria strains tested except for E. coli. For antifungal activity, the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial part inhibited strongly all tested fungi. The roots extracts from S.undulata show weak antimicrobial activities compared with the aerial parts extracts of the same plant.

 Key words: Rhaponticum acaule L, Scorzonera undulata L, Asteraceae, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, Tunisia.


Now the remote sensing of LST is an important task of us. Components temperature retrieval is the main object of LST retrieval. If the emissitivity or temperature of components is obviously different, the information of components' temperature can be extracted from the multi angle radiance data. In this paper, we construct the matrix model of infrared radiance, analyze the correlation of W K×J , choose the optimal viewing angles and select the parameters that can be retrieved. Then based on data of the airborne sensor AMTIS developed in China, through geometrical and atmospherical correction, the plant and soil temperature in mixed pixels are separated using matrix retrieval method. The results and the error analysis show that the accuracy of retrieved soil temperature is good, but the result of retrieved plant temperature is not good enough.


Theory of the linear FM radar techniques and Barrick's method of FMICM radar signal processing is introduced first. Then describe the structure of radar data sampling system,structure and working principle of digital signal processer, and the design programme,and analyse the sea echo data samoling/processing,the FFT algorithm of extracting information of Ocean Surface Distance and the structure of data. This system sampled data work in the mode of production line, use the DSP handware and design programme with C/C++ and assembly language.It realized the real time data sampling and processing and satisfy radar system's needs.


Abstract Multi-wavelength observational data, obtained from ground-based and space observations are used to compute the physical parameters of the observed Interacting Binaries (IBs) and study the interactions and physical processes in these systems. In addition, the database of IBs from ground-based surveys and space missions will provide light curves for many thousands of new binary systems for which extensive follow up ground-based observations can be carried out. In certain cases, light curves of superior quality will allow studies of fine effects of stellar activity and very accurate determination of stellar parameters. Moreover, many new discoveries of interesting systems are expected from ground-based all-sky surveys and space missions, including low mass binaries and star-planet binary systems. The most important current and future programs of observations of IBs from ground and space are presented.


In this article some optimal production plans are obtained by a deterministic profit maximization, arriving at a inflation scenery description. The industrial (production/storage) costing rate is assumed to be a positive, increasing, convex, fourth degree function of the production itself. By maximizing the integral of profit, in lack of inflation, the variational calculus leads to a Euler-Lagrange nonlinear boundary value problem which we turn to an auxiliary Cauchy nonlinear problem whose solution is proved to be always strictly increasing. Under inflation, introducing further constraints between costs and inflation itself, one is driven to a Duffing equation. In both contexts anyway, optimized production plans within a finite time horizon are amenable to exact treatments and formulated by means of Jacobi elliptic functions. Mathematics Subject Classification: 49K15, 33E05


This paper simultaneously analyses the gender wage gap and the inter-industry wage differentials in the Belgian private sector. On the basis of the 1995 Structure of Earning Survey, we estimate the inter-industry wage differentials by gender and the gender wage gap by industry. We find significant interindustry wage differentials for men and women, even when controlling for a large number of productivity-related factors. These differentials are highly correlated but significantly different. An Oaxaca (1973) and Blinder (1973) decomposition, realised at the Nace three-digit level, shows that around one-tenth of the overall gender wage gap (on average women earn 22% less than men) is due to industry effects.


Changes in the composition of bacterial community in the corn silage and the alfalfa silage during the whole fermentation process were compared by using PCR-DGGE method.The results showed that the bacterial community in the alfalfa silage remained stable during the whole process.No clear bands disappeared or appeared on DGGE gel.The similarity indexes of the DGGE profiles during the whole process was over 79%.However,the bacterial community in the corn silage became clearly simple after 3 days fermentation.The similarity indexes of the DGGE profiles from 0 to 3 days and those from 7 to 60 days were less than 50%.The predominant bacteria of natural silage were originated from normal bacterial community of the original materials.In the subsequent experiment,19 bands of agarose gel which contained target sequences were recycled,and 15 bands were successfully cloned,including ?-Lactococcus,?-Acinetobacter,?-Streptococcus,?-Weissella,?-Pantoea,?-Escherichia,?-Enterobacter,?-Endophytic bacterium and so on.


Summary The present study was conducted to assess the effect of detoxification (shodhana) on the phytochemical, hepatoprotective and tissue antioxidant activity of seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica L. The seeds were subjected to shodhana process as prescribed in ancient texts of Ayurveda and a native Ayurvedic practitioner with slight modification. In the ancient process the seeds were detoxified by immersing seeds in cow's urine for 7 nights, then swedana (boiled with cow's milk for 3 hours) and finally fried with cow's ghee. In the 2 nd process instead of swedana, the seeds were immersed in cow's milk for 3 days and remaining procedure was described as per ancient literature. Three samples (unprocessed and processed by two procedures were subjected to screen for phytochemical and hepatoprotective properties. CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats was used as animal model and biochemical parameters like serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum bilirubin, serum cholesterol and liver tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) and tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. The content of strychnine and brucine were reduced upon subjecting it to shodhana process. Similarly it was observed that the LD 50 of unprocessed and processed seeds were 260 mg/kg and 2600mg/kg respectively. This indicated that toxicity of the seeds was reduced. Treatment with CCl 4 enhanced all the above mentioned biomarkers of hepatic injury. Pre8treatment with processed (detoxified)


Recently, in the center of psycho-pedagogical sciences is the study of gender, namely the problem of fatherhood and masculinity. Research interest is dictated by the "shift" of stereotypical gender norms in modern society. Modern parenting roles in the family suffers significant changes. The purpose of this article is to study the phenomenon of fatherhood in the context of traditional and new approaches to the understanding of masculinity as a normative standard. Paternity is understood as a social institution, a system of rights, duties, social stereotypes and requirements to the man as a parent, and rooted in the culture of the regulatory system and the family structure. Another meaning of "fatherhood" - is the practical activities related to the education of children. Paternal identification - a process of self-awareness as a parent and acceptance (or denial) of existing cultural norms of behavior of his father. In accordance with the two models of male behavior (traditional masculinity and the new masculinity) identified and described constructs paternal behavior, "traditional", "absence", "responsible", "new". Gender approach allows us to describe the contents of normative masculinity canon.


This article is a survey on the theory of Monge-Ampère operators and Lelong numbers. The definition of complex Monge-Ampère operators is extended in such a way that wedge products of closed positive currents become admissible in a large variety of situations; the only basic requirement is that the polar set singularities have mutual intersections of the correct codimension. This makes possible to develope the intersection theory of analytic cycles by means of current theory and Lelong numbers. The advantage of this point of view, in addition to its wider generality, is to produce simpler proofs of previously known results, as well as to relate some of these results to other questions in analytic geometry or number theory. For instance, the generalized Lelong-Jensen formula provides a useful tool for studying the location and multiplicities of zeros of entire functions on C or on a manifold, in relation with the growth at infinity (Schwarz lemma type estimates). Finally, we obtain a general self-intersection inequality for divisors and positive (1, 1)currents on compact Kähler manifolds, based on a singularity attenuation technique for quasi-plurisubharmonic functions.


The ageing under irradiation of the materials involved in nuclear power industry is a well known problem which has been extensively studied over several decades. These studies driven by industrial requirements cover all the continuum of the approaches from atomic scale to the technologic tests. All along the nuclear fuel cycle, materials are damaged by different particles: chemical additives in fuel synthesis, the components of nuclear reactors, materials for the waste disposals and of course the nuclear fuel. In all cases, irradiation induced aging of the materials is a very important factor to be taken into account for safety reasons and economic considerations. These are the reasons why the study of materials under irradiation remains a major concern.


We investigate whether the onset of a sovereign default is associated with an increase in the probability that incumbent politicians lose office. We construct a novel dataset of finance ministers tenure and turnover for 84 countries between 1980 and 2012. We find robust evidence that sovereign default onsets are associated with statistically and economically significant increases in the probability of finance minister turnover. The evidence regarding chief executive turnover is mixed. Our findings suggest that sovereign defaults may have political consequences, which have important implications for the analysis of default, ex-ante borrowing subject to the risk of default, and the design of ex-post interventions. ————————————————————————————————————– ∗University of Western Ontario, email@example.com; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, email@example.com; University of Munich, email@example.com. We thank Borislava Ivanova for excellent research assistantship.


A wide range of nanoparticles have been produced for photocatalysis applications. Nonetheless, degrading organic dyes requires nanoparticles that are efficient and excellent. As a photocatalyst, pure manganese oxide (MnO2) was prepared via a sol–gel method using silver (Ag) nanoparticles of transition metal oxide. In addition to X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), the crystal structure and elemental composition were analysed. According to XRD data, the transition metal of MnO2 oxide is highly pure and has a small crystallite size. The presence of functional groups was confirmed and clarified using Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR). By irradiating the transition pure and doped MnO2 photocatalysts with visible light, the UV-vis, μ-Raman, and surface areas were determined. As a result, of using the photocatalysts with aqueous methylene blue (MB) solutions under visible light irradiation, the MnO2 doped with Ag nanoparticles demonstrated high degradation efficiencies and were utilised to establish heterogeneous photocatalysis dominance. In this paper, we demonstrate that the photocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides is exclusively determined by the particle size and surface area of nano-sized materials. Due to their high surface charge ratio and different surface orientations, have the highest photocatalytic efficiency. Generally, MnO2 doped with Ag nanoparticles is resistant to bacteria of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative types (B. sublittus and Escherichia coli). There is still a need for more research to be performed on reducing the toxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles so that they can be used as an effective alternative to antibiotics and disinfectants, particularly for biomedical applications.


The purpose of the present paper is to provide a semantic analysis with classification of the Chinese compound characters listed under the radical 女(woman) in the explanations of characters in Shuowen Jiezi(說文解字) with meanings related to "attitude(姿態)." There are 18 characters confirmed to fall in this semantic group of "attitude" under the radical 女(woman) in the concerned category, all of which are phono-semantic compound characters. As the phonetic signs of phono-semantic compound characters generally hold etymological meanings of the characters, this paper analyzes the etymological meanings of each of the 18 characters, examining whether the explanations of characters in Shuwen Jiezi reflect these etymological meanings held by the phonetic signs of the listed phono-semantic compound characters. The findings of the study may be summarized as follows: The characters in the semantic group of "attitude" under the radical 女(woman) are classified into those with the general meaning of "attitude" as defined by the conceptual definition given in the explanations of characters in Shuowen Jiezi, and, depending on the existence or absence of physical movements, those meaning "static attitude" or "dynamic attitude." Characters meaning "static attitude" are classified into three groups: "elegant," "smile" and "glance," while characters meaning "dynamic attitude" are classified into five groups: "twitching," "walking gracefully," "being agile," "being light," and "dance steps." This semantic classification offers significant aesthetic standards for measuring female attitudes in the Pre-Qin Period of China. The majority of the 18 characters for "attitude" represent "dynamic attitude," which are defined in the explanations of characters in Shuowen Jiezi with characters indicating motions: 曲(sway), 緊, 敏, 疾(agile), 輕(light), 奢(spread). The two characters for "agile" and "light" are most frequently used than the others. The same semantic characteristics are also noted in the etymological meanings of the phonetic signs of each character. Of the total 18 characters for "attitude," 12 are found to retain the character's etymological meanings in the phonetic signs, eight of which are reflected in the definitions given in the explanations of characters in Shuowen Jiezi. The analysis of the present paper indicates that, though Xu Shen(許愼) does not articulate that phonetic signs have both phonetic and semantic representations in his character analysis, his explanation of various characters formed in the phono-semantic compound character(形聲) principle takes consideration of the etymological meanings of characters.


339 gas samples above oceanic surface were collected on the cruise of "Xuelong" expeditionary ship and nitrous oxide concentrations were analyzed in the laboratory. Results showed that Atmospheric average N 2 O concentration was 309±3.8 nL/L above the surface of northern Pacific and Arctic ocean. N 2 O concentrations were significantly different on the northbound and southbound track in the range of the same latitude, 308.0±3.5 nL/L from Shanghai harbor to the Arctic and 311.9±2.5 nL/L from the Arctic to Shanghai harbor. N 2 O concentration had a greater changing magnitude on the mid- and high-latitude oceanic surface of northern Pacific Ocean than in the other latitudinal ranges. The correlation between the concentrations of the compositions in the aerosol samples and atmospheric N 2 O showed that continental sources had a great contribution on atmospheric N 2 O concentration above the oceanic surface. Atmospheric N 2 O concentration significantly increased when the expeditionary ship approached Shanghai harbor. The average N 2 O concentrations were 315.1±2.5 nL/L, 307.2±1.4 nL/L and 306.2±0.7 nL/L, respectively, at Shanghai harbor, at ice stations and at floating ices. The distribution of N 2 O concentrations was related with air pressure and temperature above the mid- and high-latitude Pacific Ocean.


1. LORENZO DOW MARTIN was born 1815 in Laurens Co., SC, and died Aft. 1870 in Jefferson Co., AL. He married (1) SARAH PARSONS 1836 in SC, daughter of THEOPHILUS PARSONS and SARAH POWERS. She was born 1822 in Laurens Co., SC, and died 1853 in Jefferson Co., AL. He married (2) SARAH MORGAN 25 August 1853 in Jefferson Co., AL, daughter of WALTER MORGAN and NANCY DEATON. She was born 1828 in Laurens Co., SC, and died Aft. 1870 in Jefferson Co., AL.


Purpose : This study evaluated the bio-economic potentials of temperate lowland silvopastoral agroforestry systems in North Wales, United Kingdom. Methodology : The bioeconomic analysis compared three land-use plausible scenarios ('forestry', 'pasture / livestock' and 'agroforestry') at 3.5% discount rate on a 10-hectare farm over a 30-year rotation using discounted cash flow analysis and national costs and prices for both livestock and tree products based on 2016 baseline data. Base case net present value (NPV) and annual equivalent value (AEV) were calculated for each production livestock grazing, farm forestry, and silvopastoral agroforestry scenario, assuming no policy interventions. Findings: Generally, results of the economic analyses indicated that under the baseline case, assuming no policy interventions, none of the options was viable. This study also showed that increase in lamb sale price, wood price, and wood yield improved the economic viability of the three investment options significantly. Again, the viability of the three investment options in this study is shown to decrease with increase in discount rates. Furthermore, this study disclosed that the application of prevailing government grant/subsidy schemes significantly improved the economic viability of the three investment options as livestock, forestry and agroforestry options showed positive NPV and AEV values at the baseline assumptions and are therefore adjudged economically viable as they all met the decision rule criteria for investment acceptance. Forestry was the most viable option with the highest NPV and AEV, followed by pasture/livestock and agroforestry options. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study underscored the imperative need for policy makers to improve awareness of the benefits of grant incomes and address farmers' concerns about the economic viability of livestock, forestry and agroforestry investments. The results of this research will help promote greater awareness of the economic value of trees in extensively grazed landscapes in the United Kingdom as well as provide a basis for future comparisons and analysis of farm programs and ecosystem service markets.


Abbreviations. Table of Treaties, Table of Cases. Resolutions of UN General Assembly. I. Introduction. II. Individual Responsibility in Positive Laws of War. III. Individual Responsibility in International Human Rights Law. IV. Patterns of Implementation. V. Codification of International Responsibility. VI. The Position of the Individual in International Law. VII. Emergence of a General Rule of Individual Responsibility for Serious Human Rights Violations. Annex: Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind. Bibliography. Index.


e18626 Background: Pts with malignancies are at risk for developing severe complications of COVID-19 with high mortality rate. We retrospectively analyzed COVID-19 related outcomes for hospitalized pts with SMs. Methods: We collected data on hospitalized pts with SMs and COVID-19 from 3/1/20 to Jan 1/1/21. Diagnosis COVID-19 was confirmed by RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal swabs. We assessed the association between the 30-day mortality and potential prognostic variables such as tumor types, cancer status, timing of treatment, types of anticancer therapy using logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 246 hospitalized pts with SMs had COVID-19. Median age was 70 years, 87 (35%) were ≥75 years, 151 (61%) were female. The most common SMs were breast (56 [23%]), non-small cell lung (44 [18%]) and colon (31 [13%]). 154 (63%) pts were on active anticancer therapies. Of those 88 (35.5%) received treatment within 2 weeks, 16 (16.5%) within 4-12 weeks, 99 (39.9%) >3 months prior to COVID-19 diagnosis. 101 (65%) pts received cytotoxic chemotherapies, 26 (16.8%) received immune check point inhibitors (ICIs), 17 (11%) received targeted agents such as anti-EGFR therapy and 11 (7.1%) received monoclonal antibodies. Overall 30-day mortality was 42%, however, all pts with melanoma (7/7) died. The 30-day mortalities for pts who received anticancer treatments within 4 weeks, 4-12 weeks and >12 weeks of COVID-19 diagnosis were 47%, 50%, and 37%. For pts who never received treatment, 30-day mortality was 31%. For pts were in remission, stable disease and progressive disease, the 30-day mortalities were 32%, 35% and 62%. The 30-day mortalities for pts who received cytotoxic therapy, monoclonal antibodies, targeted therapies and ICIs, were 38%, 46%, 41% and 69%. Logistic regression analysis showed that pts who were >80 years of age (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.6-8.1), had progressive disease (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.8-6.5) or treated with ICIs (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.5-8.7) were associated with higher 30-day mortality. Conclusions: COVID-19 associated 30-day mortality is high for hospitalized pts with SMs. Early surveillance of clinical deterioration could be helpful for hospitalized SMs pts with risk factors identified here. Further studies are needed to discern the observed association between ICIs use and worse COVID-19 outcome.[Table: see text]


Long before the birth of the contemporary human-rights discourse, the ̳rights of man' found an interesting fate in the nineteenth century. On the one hand, natural rights doctrine was propagated through the French Revolution 1789, which despite its controversial aftermath, continued to inspire the ̳global intellectuals'2 in many parts of the world. At the theoretical level on the other hand, as the process of secularization of natural law was completed by the late eighteenth century, the philosophical foundations of Lockean rights doctrine were put into serious doubt by all sides of the philosophical spectrum, from Bentham to Marx. Bentham wrote a harsh critique on the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen 1789 and described the underlying principle of equality claimed in the Declaration to be a natural right as ―absurd and miserable nonsense!‖ The critique of natural rights was not confined to utilitarian or legal positivist theories which flourished in the nineteenth century but it also came from Karl Marx, whose early works On the Jewish Question similarly contains a comprehensive critique of the French Declaration and its underlying individualism.


The Chiang Mai Journal of Science is an international English language peer-reviewed journal which is published in open access electronic format 6 times a year in January, March, May, July, September and November by the Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University. Manuscripts in most areas of science are welcomed except in areas such as agriculture, engineering and medical science which are outside the scope of the Journal. Currently, we focus on manuscripts in biology, chemistry, physics, materials science and environmental science. Papers in mathematics statistics and computer science are also included but should be of an applied nature rather than purely theoretical. Manuscripts describing experiments on humans or animals are required to provide proof that all experiments have been carried out according to the ethical regulations of the respective institutional and/or governmental authorities and this should be clearly stated in the manuscript itself. The Editor reserves the right to reject manuscripts that fail to do so.


The dry etching mechanism of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films was studied in high density CF4 and Cl2/CF4 inductively coupled plasmas. The concentrations of atomic Cl and F as well as the flux and energy of bombarding ions were monitored as a function of etching parameters such as etching gas ratio, substrate bias voltage (Vs), induction coil power and process pressure. The compositions and chemical bonding states of etched PZT films were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The etching of PZT films in CF4-based plasma is chemically assisted sputter etching, and the dominant step of the overall etching process is either the formation or the removal of the etch by-products, depending on the etching conditions. The etching of PZT films in Cl2/CF4 mixed plasma is mainly dominated by the formation of metal chlorides which depends on the concentration of the atomic Cl and the bombarding ion energy. The PZT film shows a maximum etch rate in 90% Cl2/(Cl2+CF4) plasma where the concentration of atomic Cl is maximum. The etch selectivity of PZT to Pt is less than 1.3 in CF4-based plasma, where as more than 2 in Cl2/CF4 mixed plasma. The amount of sidewall residue is greatly reduced in Cl2/CF4 mixed plasma compared with in CF4 plasma. A more vertical etch profile of PZT films can be obtained by lowering the process pressure and increasing the substrate bias voltage.


This work presents a non-parametric spatiotemporal model for mapping human activity by mobile autonomous robots in a long-term context. Based on Variational Gaussian Process Regression, the model incorporates prior information of spatial and temporal-periodic dependencies to create a continuous representation of human occurrences. The inhomogeneous data distribution resulting from movements of the robot is included in the model via a heteroscedastic likelihood function and can be accounted for as predictive uncertainty. Using a sparse formulation, data sets over multiple weeks and several hundred square meters can be used for model creation. The experimental evaluation, based on multi-week data sets, demonstrates that the proposed approach outperforms the state of the art both in terms of predictive quality and subsequent path planning.


Abstract This study was conducted to examine the effect of electron beam (EB) irradiation on the flexing of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) blends and HDPE/EPR filled carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites. The blends are compression molded into the soles of shoes before exposed to EB irradiation. Radiated and non-radiated matrixes as well as nanocomposites were subjected to single force and flexed at specified angles of 90º according to ISO 17707 for flexing test. The flexes were more for samples that were exposed to EB irradiation. Moreover, samples filled with CNT showed a lower flex number.


WI T H H I S R E C E N T PAS S I N G I N 2 0 2 0, I T I S A particularly apt moment to consider the career and filmography of the genre auteur Stuart Gordon. Of his films, none looms as large as Re-Animator, his outrageous 1985 adaptation of H. P. Lovecraft's short story "Herbert West—Reanimator." Eddie Falvey's Re-Animator, an entry in Liverpool University Press's horror-focused Devil's Advocates series, takes this film as its primary object of study, casting a work that is often regarded as a cult oddity—albeit one with a particularly strong critical reputation—and placing it in a larger lineage of impactful, important, and accomplished horror films that are regarded as canonical. Such consideration for this film and for Gordon as a major figure of genre cinema is long overdue, and thus Falvey's volume is a welcome addition to the series, providing a lively and informative introduction to the film Re-Animator as a serious object of study. The volume's brief length, however, coupled with its comparatively expansive ambition leaves some fascinating threads unor underexplored, and thus it may best be regarded as an opening salvo, a foot in the door for further research of this understudied film and filmmaker. Falvey's book is divided into five chapters, each considering Re-Animator along a different axis, and these varied approaches provide a multitude of fascinating perspectives with which to consider the film. The first chapter places Re-Animator in the larger historical context of horror cinema in the 1980s, with special attention paid to Empire International Pictures, a B-movie distributor for which Re-Animator represents the artistic high-water mark. Falvey makes a compelling case for Empire as a low-budget genre distributor of a particularly well-defined, if somewhat disreputable, sensibility and for its founder, Charles Band, as a major figure in the proliferation of low-budget horror in the 1980s. Falvey's detailed breakdown of Empire International is likely to be new information even for those familiar with genre cinema of the 1980s, and hence this chapter is among the most compelling in the entire book. by Eddie Falvey


The recast of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, in Article 9, requires Member States to ensure that by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero-energy buildings and after 31 December 2018, new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities are nearly zero-energy buildings.


Short Reports on the Institute's excavations at Beycesultan, dealing with discoveries in the seasons of 1954, 1955 and 1956 have already been published in this journal (vols. V–VII). In the third of these reports, a break in continuity was occasioned by our temporary concentration on a single isolated discovery; and accordingly, before resuming the more general account, a short recapitulation of our operational sequence may be desirable. In the final weeks of the 1955 season, a sounding was made in Area "A" on the western summit (see site-plan, Fig. 1), which revealed the presence in this part of the mound of a large public building of the Middle Bronze Age, corresponding in time to the "Burnt Palace" already partly excavated on the eastern summit (Level V). Some preliminary investigations were also made of three occupation levels (VI, VII and VIII) lying directly beneath this building (see Anatolian Studies VI). In 1956 an extension of this sounding was made in the form of a 5-metre trench more than 40 metres long, running out approximately eastwards towards the flank of the mound (Trench "S"). After passing through the already well established sequence of later occupations, further foundations of the Middle Bronze Age were here encountered and it became clear that the building discovered in Area "A" formed part of an administrative complex, perhaps covering the whole of the western summit, and surrounded by its own substantial enclosure wall.


The mechanics of composites as an independent branch of the mechanics of deformable media is in the stage of growth, development and formation. Its branches have been expanded to various extents; many problems are far from completion, yet the advances in engineering mechanics of composites are indisputable. These advances are connected with the solution of applied problems in the most advanced industries. The first stage of the development of the mechanics of composite structures, mainly intuitive, has been completed. It is appropriate to give preliminary resume and consider further directions of investigations. In this regard it is of great interest to consider experience of the scientists of former USSR having made considerable contribution to the mechanics of composite structures. The present review is based on the examples belonging to the scope of interest of the authors and, naturally, does not claim to exhaust the theme.


PurposeThis research employed two neurophysiological techniques (electroencephalograms (EEG) and galvanic skin response (GSR)) and machine learning algorithms to capture and analyze relationship-oriented leadership (ROL) and task-oriented leadership (TOL). By grounding the study in the theoretical perspectives of transformational leadership and embodied leadership, the study draws connections to the human body's role in activating ROL and TOL styles.Design/methodology/approachEEG and GSR signals were recorded during resting state and event-related brain activity for 52 study participants. Both leadership styles were assessed independently using a standard questionnaire, and brain activity was captured by presenting subjects with emotional stimuli.FindingsROL revealed differences in EEG baseline over the frontal lobes during emotional stimuli, but no differences were found in GSR signals. TOL style, on the other hand, did not present significant differences in either EEG or GSR responses, as no biomarkers showed differences. Hence, it was concluded that EEG measures were better at recognizing brain activity associated with ROL than TOL. EEG signals were also strongest when individuals were presented with stimuli containing positive (specifically, happy) emotional content. A subsequent machine learning model developed using EEG and GSR data to recognize high/low levels of ROL and TOL predicted ROL with 81% accuracy.Originality/valueThe current research integrates psychophysiological techniques like EEG with machine learning to capture and analyze study variables. In doing so, the study addresses biases associated with self-reported surveys that are conventionally used in management research. This rigorous and interdisciplinary research advances leadership literature by striking a balance between neurological data and the theoretical underpinnings of transformational and embodied leadership.


Abstract. Several genera of anuran amphibians deposit their eggs within mucous secretions that have been aerated by the parents to produce a foam or bubble spawn body. This is a dynamic medium for embryo development given that it gradually breaks down over time, and one that has been hypothesised to serve a variety of purposes including protecting embryos from external stresses, such as suboptimal temperatures, desiccation and predation. In this study, I provide additional details of bubble spawn production in the sandpaper frog, Lechriodus fletcheri. Field and laboratory observations showed that females aerate spawn while in inguinal amplexus, using flanged fingers to transport air bubbles into the mucous. While the frothed spawn is initially resistant to breakdown, it gradually loses bubbles and flattens out into a film. This temporal shift in structure is likely to be adaptive, as the resultant increase in surface area allows embryos to come in direct contact with the open water, which may accommodate their increased oxygen demands or ease extrication from the mass. I provide evidence that this process is controlled by the residing embryos, given that spawn in the absence of embryos does not break down, highlighting the ability of offspring to modify their immediate environment even before hatching occurs to ensure conditions remain suitable for their changing needs.


A closed processor-sharing queueing model that corresponds to M terminals in series with a central processing unit (CPU) is considered under heavy usage conditions. The effects of switching times between the CPU and the individual jobs are included by assuming that the effective service rate that the CPU provides is a decreasing function of the instantaneous number of jobs being processed. Using perturbation methods, asymptotic expansions are constructed for the first two moments of a customer's response (sojourn) time, conditioned on that customer's total required service from the CPU. The asymptotic limit assumes that the number of terminals M is large $( M \gg 1 )$, that the rate at which the CPU provides service is fast $( O( M ) )$, and that the duration of a typical switching time is small compared to the time the CPU actually spends servicing the individual jobs. Extensive numerical comparisons show the quality of our asymptotic approximations.


Ultrafast energy relaxation process in Bi2Te3 thin films is studied using a collinear two color pump-probe technique. The coherent optical phonon is enhanced and destroyed by changing the separation times of double pump pulses. The non-oscillatory component of the reflectivity trace after the second pump pulse shows a distinct difference with and without the presence of coherent optical phonons, thus providing a direct evidence of the effect of optical phonon on the hot carrier relaxation process. The deduced characteristic times are systematically smaller when coherent optical phonons are involved in the energy transfer process. Comparatively, the conventional relaxation process is relatively slow, which is explained by the screening effect of the incoherent optical phonon. This work suggests that the energy relaxation can be manipulated through the excitation of coherent optical phonons.


Purpose: To evaluate the effect of two second generation LED Light curing units and a third-generation polywave LED Ligth curing unit at three different irradiation durations on surface microhardness and detpth of cure of nanofilled composite resin material. Materials and Methods: EliparTM S10, EliparTM Deep Cure-S, VALO Cordless, was evaluated at 10s, 20s, 40s curing periods in this study. A nanofilled composite FiltekTM Z550 that contains camphorquinone as photoinitiator is used as test material. For microhardness test ninety 6 mm diameter, 4 mm deep cylindrical composite blocks in teflon molds were prepared. For each light source at each application times 10 specimen were prepared (n=10) and tested. Also ninety, 4 mm diameter, 6 mm deep cylindrical composite specimens in a split aluminum mold polymerized with three different light sources at three different durations (n=10) were tested for depth of cure measurement. Data were analyzed statistically by SPSS (Ver: 22.0) and significance test of the difference between the two means (Kolmogorov-Simirnov), the variance analysis, and the Tukey Test used. Results: The values of cure depth were found significantly higher at 40 seconds of irradiation time for all light sources used (p<0.05). Elipar Deep Cure-S showed the higher top surface microhardness at 40s polymerization (p<0.05) Conclusion: All light devices used in the study provided adequate polymerization of the nanofill composite at all application durations in this study. The highest polymerization depth and microhardness values were achieved at 40 sec. polymerization time for all LCUs.s


BACKGROUND
The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the clinical applicability of the entire papilla preservation technique (EPP) in the regenerative treatment of isolated deep intrabony defects using native collagen membrane and bone grafting materials.

METHODS
Fifteen healthy and non-smoker patients (nine males and six females; mean age: 47.73±12.18; range 21-63 years) with one isolated deep intrabony defect each (baseline probing depth (PD): 9.03±1.62 mm; clinical attachment level (CAL): 11.16±1.81 mm) were treated with guided tissue regeneration. Surgical access to the defect was provided by a single buccal vertical incision with an interdental tunnelling flap. Following the granulation tissue removal, intrabony defect was filled with bone substitutes. A collagen barrier was trimmed and placed under the intact defect-associated papilla with palatal positioning suture. Microsurgical sutures were used for primary closure.

RESULTS
At 1 week, healing of the 15 sites was uneventful. During the study, all sites showed 100% primary closure rate. At 1-year follow-up, an average CAL gain of 5.86±1.28 mm (p<0.0001), PD reduction of 6.1±1.47 mm (p<0.0001), and minimal increase in gingival recession of 0.23±0.62 mm (p = 0.168) were observed.

CONCLUSION
This novel surgical technique, that keeps the interdental papilla intact, seems promising to provide optimal biomaterial protection and healing conditions, even when a collagen barrier and bone substitutes are applied. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The basic education aims to help in the long journey of life, indispensable, it is the basis for growth, progress and shaping of an individual. In everyday life there is always the evaluation process, whatever it may be. This would not be different in a classroom, where often there will be evaluation of knowledge, becoming something very stressful seised and also to teachers, trained professionals who dedicate their time to evaluate. It is proposed in this project to raise awareness of the use of educational software for children in literacy phase, aiming at the playful teaching-learning and evaluation less stressful and fearful.


For the more convenient and better use of the ASEAN national sports resources in the research and application,the author puts forward to constructing ASEAN national sports resource database platform by using logical analysis,technology application method and so on.The author puts forward the idea of database construction from the national sports resources database module and the structure,data collection,data processing,the database platform,including construction running conditions,development tools,software system structure.Finally the author suggests the application of database of resources from the system platform framework structures,column design,management background to enrich the research contents and methods of China-ASEAN national sports,and better play its social function.


ABSTRACT Health care today is facing serious problems: quality of care does not meet patients' needs and costs are exploding. In the cardiology department of the Virga Jesse Hospital in Belgium, discharged patients are advised to participate in a rehabilitation program. However, many of the discharged patients do not join the program, and others quit before being declared cured (a so-called dropout). An improvement project was started that aims to increase revenues by either attracting more patients to the rehabilitation program or reducing the fraction of dropouts. A large data set with 516 treated patients was available. We model the probability that a patient joins the program as a function of various numerical and categorical influence factors. First an exploratory data analysis is performed, using bar charts and box plots. This is followed by a more formal statistical analysis using logistic regression. The logistic regression model reveals the important influence factors. The probability of joining the program depends on whether a patient has a car at his or her disposal and the distance from a patient's home to the hospital. As a solution, various measures to stimulate carpooling were implemented. Prior to the implementation, a cost–benefit analysis was conducted using the fitted regression model.


Data are presented for the flow of deionized water solutions of linear, unbranched polymers—Separan AP-30, Polyox WSR-35 and Polyox WSR-301, and mixtures of the latter two in a 0.0235 in. tube. The Reynolds numbers vary from about 1200 to about 12,000. Measurements were made at 4 deg C and near room temperature. Occurrence of transition is confirmed by oscillograph traces and pressure ratio calculations in addition to the usual "break" on a friction factor-Reynolds number graph. From the calibration data, it appears that for small tubes there is a critical parameter, such as molecular weight or polymer length, below which transition occurs as for water, but above which the transition Reynolds number depends on polymer concentration. The low and high polymers were mixed to vary molecular weight distribution of samples. It was found that the higher molecular weight polymer dominates the transition process, but in the turbulent regime the effects are roughly additive.


We document low rates of recerti cation for the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) which we attribute to procedural issues associated with the recerti cation process. We nd that current recipients who must complete a recerti cation interview by the end of their recerti cation month are 19 percent less likely to recertify when assigned an interview date at the end rather than at the beginning of the month. The results persist when conditioning on eligibility and are larger for long-term recipients and households with children, suggesting hassle costs associated with later interview dates worsen targeting e ciency both in terms of eligibility and need. Research documents low rates of enrollment among eligible recipients across a wide variety of programs, often citing under-awareness of program availability and eligibility rules as key barriers to take-up (Chetty, Friedman and Saez, 2013; Dahl, Løken and Mogstad, 2014). Several recent interventions demonstrate that informing likely-eligible individuals about program access leads to signi cant increases in enrollment (Armour, 2018; Barr and Turner, 2018; Bhargava and Manoli, 2015; Finkelstein and Notowidigdo, 2018; Goldin, Homono and Tucker-Ray, 2017). Similarly, automatic enrollment has been highly e ective at increasing program participation (Madrian and Shea, 2001). In this paper, we turn our attention away from initial enrollment and toward another potential barrier to participation: program recerti cation. ∗PRELIMINARY: Please do not cite or distribute. Homono : Robert F. Wagner School of Public Service, New York University. Somerville: Department of Economics, Cornell University. We gratefully acknowledge conference and seminar participants for conversations and suggestions that have greatly improved the quality of this project. We especially thank Peri Weisberg, Matt Unrath, Mark Woo, Noelle Simmons, Dan Kelly, Taninha Ferreira, Yakob K om, Priscilla Prado, James Choi, Alan Geist at the San Francisco Human Services Administration and the California Department of Social Services for providing data and guidance on policies and practices as well as Nate Higgins and Rurui Kuang from the Social and Behavioral Sciences Team. All remaining errors are our own.


The magnetic domains of martensite have been investigated with a scanning electron microscope in three Ni–Mn–Ga alloys with five-layered, seven-layered and non-layered (T) martensite structure. Type I magnetic contrast provides an overview of the domain pattern. This contrast arises from the stray field of the specimen and it is observed in a secondary-electron image. The type II magnetic contrast of a backscattered electron image gives the detailed magnetic microstructure together with the crystal morphology. A stripe domain pattern is formed in all the alloys when there is one dominant martensite variant in the sample. The second minor variant might be distorted due to interaction with the magnetic domain structure of the major variant. The mechanism of the deformation is not entirely clear and a tentative explanation for this deformation is suggested.


The aim of this chapter is to describe the main issues of bone tissue engineering. Bone transplants are widely used in orthopedic, plastic and reconstructive surgery. Current technologies like autologous and allogenic transplantation have several disadvantages making them relatively unsatisfactory, like donor site morbidity, chronic pain, and immunogenicity and risk hazard from infectious disease. Therefore, regenerative orthopedics seeks to establish a successful protocol for the healing of severe bone damage using engineered bone grafts. The optimization of protocols for bone graft production using autologous mesenchymal stem cells loaded on appropriate scaffolds, exposed to osteogenic inducers and mechanical force in bioreactor, should be able to solve the current limitations in managing bone injuries. We discuss mesenchymal stem cells as the most suitable cell type for bone tissue engineering. They can be isolated from a variety of mesenchymal tissues and can differentiate into osteoblasts when given appropriate mechanical support and osteoinductive signal. Mechanical support can be provided by different cell scaffolds based on natural or synthetic biomaterials, as well as combined composite materials. Three-dimensional support is enabled by bioreactor systems providing several advantages as mechanical loading, homogeneous distribution of cells and adequate nutrients/waste exchange. We also discuss the variety of osteoinductive signals that can be applied in bone tissue engineering. The near future of bone healing and regeneration is closely related to advances in tissue engineering. The optimization of protocols of bone graft production using autologous mesenchymal stem cells loaded on appropriate scaffolds, exposed to osteogenic inducers and mechanical force in bioreac‐ tor, should be able to solve the current limitations in managing bone injuries.


This study was conducted in two phases. The first involved questioning catalog users at Emporia State about their experiences and their evaluation of NOTIS in order to assess how patrons felt about the catalog and how well they used it. The second portion of the study focused on the instruction offered by 59 randomly selected NOTIS libraries. Responses were solicited concerning the University or College, the library, and training methods for OPAC users. With the information gained through both parts, the library instruction program and information regarding NOTIS at White Library could be evaluated and modified.


With the knowledge of color, this paper explains the concept of color in sport environment, the color sources of movement generated by physiological impact, as well as the rational use of sports venues, sports equipment, sports apparel, and demonstrates that the environment and sport color is closely related, the impact of the environment on the color of sports is an objective reality, it is used in scientific and rational sports practice. Designed to create the most suitable color environment, giving the felling of beauty, in order to inspire people to become interested in sports, increase pleasure movement enrich their emotional experience to meet the needs of their movement.


Summary form only given. High power diode pumped mode-locked lasers are assuming increasing importance as pump sources for nonlinear optical processes and materials processing and surface modification. One of the more promising materials for high power operation is Yb:YAG because of its low quantum defect and absence of excited state absorption. The thin disk geometry has been shown to be highly effective for Yb:YAG and has proved to be popular and successful in recent years. Although the thin disk geometry ensures longitudinal extraction of heat, the conventional thin disk can still suffer from thermal lensing due to deformation of the disk. We have investigated the use of a composite Yb:YAG thin disk in which the very thin (approximately 200 /spl mu/m) absorbing part of the disk is bonded to a thicker undoped piece of YAG. This provides added design flexibility and reduced the need to incorporate compensation for significant thermal lensing into the cavity design.


BIBLE READINGS IN CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP. Compiled by A. L. Morgan, Principal, Dick Dowling Junior High School. Beaumont, Texas. Nashville, Tennessee: The Cokesbury Press.


The concept of 'local practising' will disappear in the new legislation. This will render veterinary medicine by mail order possible. From the point of view of the quality of the ultimate product, this development should be strongly rejected. The section will benefit by an expert and payable herd management programme which has as its object a justified use of drugs and a 'clean ultimate product' (healthy animals).


Using HS·GC, We have succeeded in simultaneous determination of Ac, MeOH and MEK in urine without any complicated pretreatment or correction by internal standard. Moreover, in order to lower the detection limits of these materials, study was made on the salting out effect using 14 kinds of salts. As pretreatment, 2.0 ml of urine, 3.0 g of sodium sulfate and small sized magnetic stirrer are put into vial, which is sealed by septum. This is then heated for 10 min in warm bath of 50°C. In order to dissolve the added salts as much as possible, the specimen is stirred by the stirrer. After cooling the liquid to room temperature, the specimen is analysed by HS·GC. The results showed that sodium sulfate was excellent synthetically.1) Using the urine of workers not exposed to organic solvents three kinds of urine having specific gravity of 1.010, 1.024 and 1.034 were prepared and mixed standard organic solvents (Ac, MeOH and MEK) were added. Recovery percentages and coefficients of variation were calculated. The results showed that recovery percentages ranged from 92.0 to 101.7% and coefficients of variation from 0.2 to 4.6%.2) The regression equations of standard curves were satisfactory with y=9053x-200 (r=0.999, n=12) for Ac, y=801x-400 (r=0.999, n=12) for MeOH, and y=15488x-277 (r=0.999, n=12) for MEK.3) The detection limits calculated by IUPAC formula were 0.0092 mg/l for Ac, 0.11 mg/l for MeOH and 0.0063 mg/l for MEK.These results indicated that this method is superior to other methods because the pretreament is very simple, specificity is excellent, analysis by standard curves is possible, and this method is not affected by specific gravity of the urine.


Ultrafine silicon dioxide were modified by -NH2-teminated poly(amido-amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers to improve their dispersibility in the coatings. The modification mechanism was studied through density functional theory (DFT) in the gas phase. Virous initial configurations of ion bound to PAMAM were established to investigate the structures and the energetics of the complexes. Two stable conformers are found: types A ( is bound to the amine site) and C ( is bound to the amide site). Types A and C indicate the chemical bond formation of Si-N and Si-O, respectively.


This paper looks at the Gogo's perception of methods used to disseminate anti-female circumcision messages in the Gogo community during campaigns to eradicate female circumcision. The paper was impelled by the fact that efforts to eliminate female circumcision (FC) practices among the Gogo community have not been very successful. The paper uses the Social Constructionist Theory to unveil what happens when anti-female circumcision intervention methods encounter the lived experience of the Gogo in terms of uptake of intervention messages. The paper is based on data generated during a PhD research which was done in Mpwapwa District using a qualitative design in 2014. The paper argues that the uptake of anti-FC campaigns is low because the methods used to campaign against female circumcision take little, if any, account of the local knowledge context in which female circumcision occurs. The paper underscores that the inclusion of the local discourse in crafting the anti-FC intervention methods is very important if the uptake is to be improved. The paper recommends that for anti-FC messages to have the desired impact, the designing of the methods to disseminate anti-FC messages need to take into account the local knowledge which guides the Gogo life.


Flight tests conducted on the YF-93 airplane afforded an opportunity to evaluate two cooling-air ejectors of widely different geometry. One ejector had a diameter ratio (fuselage-exit diameter divided by tail-pipe diameter) of 1.58 and a spacing ratio (distance from tail-pipe exit to fuselage exit divided by tail-pipe diameter) of 0.73 while the other ejector had a diameter ratio of 1.33 and a spacing ratio of 0.30. The larger tail exhibited poor net thrust performance due to excessive quantity of secondary air flow. The second engine-ejector combination had superior characteristics; however, an undesirable characteristic existed in that a region of reversed flow was present in the exit. This reversed flow caused a decrease in the performance of the ejector. Correlation of the flight data with cold-jet-model ejector data has demonstrated to what extent the model tests can be used as a design tool. When comparing the ejector with reversed flow with the model tests, it was necessary to consider the effect the reversed flow had on reducing the effective diameter ratio. Airplane drag measurements as determined for the widely different configurations indicated a good over-all precision for the method used in this investigation.


Retroviruses have had a tremendous, recurring impact on animal genomes. At least eight percent of the human genome is comprised of retroviruses at various stages of "fossilization" (1). These elements represent retroviruses that have directly infected genomes of germline tissues such that their imprints can now be passed on with the rest of the genome. Most insertions into host genomes are likely to (i) be instantly so deleterious that they are never passed on, or alternatively (ii) have very little consequence to host biology and be expected to abrade away via the accumulation of mutations (2). Although the large fraction of retroviral imprints show expected signatures of mutational degeneration, some retroviral genes have been surprisingly preserved against mutational inactivation. These represent instances in which host genomes have usurped some retroviral genes for their own use. Particularly intriguing are host domestications of retroviral envelope (env) genes. The best-known classes of these genes are the syncytin genes, which have been coopted by the host to mediate nutrient transfer from the mother to the developing embryo in eutherian mammals. In PNAS, Dupressoir and coworkers describe the oldest known domestication of retroviral envelopes represented by the Syncytin-Car1 gene (3), which was domesticated at least 60 Mya, before the radiation of Carnivora. These results extend the range and age of syncytin domestications in mammals, but also raise intriguing questions about the biology underlying their recurrent invention.


Inland vessels move goods along canals and rivers and they visit ports. Due to tides on the rivers, the vessels make use of locks to enter ports or canals. From a port management point of view, a fast access to and from the port and high utilisation of a lock are important objectives. The policy to access the lock works as follows. Vessels wait in front of the lock. A port administrator assigns a place in the lock based on the knowledge of the vessels' dimensions. As such, there is no FIFO-discipline, but a 'group-FIFO'-discipline, i.e. if n vessels are allowed to the lock, they are the first n vessels in the arrival queue. A heuristic algorithm is formulated for the placement of vessels in the lock. This algorithm supports the decision where to place the vessel in the lock, aiming to place as many as possible vessels from the arrival queue. The paper describes the implementation of the heuristic which is based on a two-dimensional extension of Allen's temporal logic.


Silicon nitride ceramics are extremely difficult and time-consuming to machine with conventional methods, such as turning and grinding. Laser-assisted machining has been a field of extensive research during the past decade, as it is a promising solution to enhance the machinability of many difficult-to-cut materials, including silicon nitride ceramics. To enhance the processing precision of silicon nitride ceramic grinding, this paper presents an experimental investigation of a two-stage laser-induced wet grinding (LIWG) process, including laser-induced thermal cracking and wet grinding. Specifically, the differences in the grinding force, grinding force ratio and surface roughness obtained for LIWG and conventional grinding (CG) conditions are compared and discussed. The normal and tangential grinding forces for LIWG condition were lower than for the CG condition with a maximum reduction of 70.4% (83.3%) for the maximum average normal (tangential) grinding forces. The values of the force ratio for the CG condition and LIWG condition were in the range of 3.7–5.5 and 6.5–11.5. Little improvement was achieved, and the surface roughness values are considerable for both conditions.


This paper explores "scaling issues" associated with Al particle combustion in explosions. The basic idea is the following: in this non-premixed combustion system, the global burning rate is controlled by rate of turbulent mixing of fuel (Al particles) with air. From similarity considerations, the turbulent mixing rates should scale with the explosion length and time scales. However, the induction time for ignition of Al particles depends on an Arrhenius function, which is independent of the explosion length and time. To study this, we have performed numerical simulations of turbulent combustion in unconfined Al-SDF (shock-dispersed-fuel) explosion fields at different scales. Three different charge masses were assumed: 1-g, 1-kg and 1-T Al-powder charges. We found that there are two combustion regimes: an ignition regime—where the burning rate decays as a power-law function of time, and a turbulent combustion regime—where the burning rate decays exponentially with time. This exponential dependence is typi...


This paper discusses the problem that the words for weekdays can appear in the meaning of indicating time, and also as person names. In both meanings the word is written with a capital-initial letter. However, in one meaning it must be translated, and in another meaning it must be left as such. The problem is elucidated with examples, and solutions for disambiguating between these meanings are presented.


In the light of the cracking accidence of the welding structure of a large type excavator used in the mine, this paper studies on the dynamic fractu re characters of 15MnV steel through simulating the actual working condition, an d analyzes on the reasons of the occurrence of the brittle fracture.


Although it has not yet reached an ideal composition, the adoption of a 30% quota of women in elections in Indonesia has increased the number of women in parliament, both at the central level (House of Representative/DPR) and at the regional level (Regional House of Representatives/DPRD). However, the issue of women's representation in parliament is not only a matter of representation based on sex, but also of substantive representation, where women's political agenda can be voiced. One of the concepts developed by feminist thinking is the concept of critical actors. This article seeks to explain how women's organizations and parliamentarians are critical actors that encourage women's involvement with parliament. This article explains how the involvement between women's organizations and parliament can strengthen the substantive representation of women in both the DPR and the DPRD. The article is developed based on studies on engagement models of MAMPU's partners with the DPR and DPRD.


The paper presents an integrated method to achieve authorized access on LAN sockets in a campus network. The key issues of our method are user authentication and user tracking. We adopt PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) for the user authentication, and integrate the IDENT mechanism on the PPPoE server for the user tracking. We conduct performance evaluation with respect to transfer rate and CPU usage. The evaluation shows that the proposed system achieves excellent performance for its deployment cost. As a result, the proposed method could be a good candidate to add network connectivity in campus networks.


Using the loop variable formalism as applied to a sigma model in curved target space, we give a systematic method for writing down gauge and generally covariant equations of motion for the modes of the free open string in curved space. The equations are obtained by covariantizing the flat space equation and then demanding gauge invariance, which introduces additional curvature couplings. As an illustration of the procedure, the spin-two case is worked out explicitly.


This paper presents some of the results of the first phase of the ?Shortlines? research project (Predit/Ademe, France). The paper is organized in two parts. In the first part, the notion of "shortlines" in a European context is analyzed. In the second part, regional policies led on freight rail transport are discussed. The paper is focused on the French case, with some comparisons with the German situation. As a general conclusion, the paper will observe that, confronted with a decreasing number of regional freight rail services, local governments fear an increase of truck traffic and environmental damages. However, these governments, today, appear to be less involved in, and more reluctant to, the actual promotion of freight rail activities than they were a few years ago. The current conditions for shortlines operation in Europe, and especially in France, may explain this position quite rationally.


Rationale: Lymphoma with an initial manifestation of ascites and peritoneal invasion is rare. Patient concerns: A 65-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 3-week history of abdominal distention, anorexia, and night sweating, and a 2-week history of melena. She was a silent hepatitis B virus carrier. Abdominal ultrasound showed massive ascites without cirrhosis. Abdominal computed tomography revealed ascites, infiltrative peritoneal lesions with omental cake appearance, and lymphadenopathies. Diagnosis: We performed paracentesis and the ascites cytology was obtained. The patient also underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which showed ulcerative tumors in the stomach. Both ascites cytology and pathology of the gastric tumors confirmed the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma. Interventions: This patient received 7 cycles of chemotherapy. Outcomes: Follow-up imaging studies revealed partial remission of lymphoma, but an enlargement of residual tumors in omentum and mesentery, which resulted in intractable ascites and rapid deterioration of performance status. Despite a change of regimen of chemotherapy, this patient expired 10 months after diagnosis. Lessons: Lymphoma should be one of the differential diagnoses in patients with intractable ascites not attributable to other comorbidities.


Tea phytochemicals have been reported to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. This current study reports the ability of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus to grow, survive and multiply in the presence of tea phytochemicals during development and storage of tea fortified yoghurts. Two Kenyan tea varieties clone TRFK 6/8 (standard black quality tea) and clone TRFK 306/1 (newly developed purple leafed tea clone), were processed as aerated and non-aerated teas and used to develop tea fortified yoghurt. The teas were added at concentrations of 0, 1, 2 and 4 g in 250 mL volumes of milk (w/v) which was predetermined by sensory tests. The results showed that tea phytochemicals at the added ranges had no adverse effect on the growth of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus; however, yoghurt setting time was prolonged at a mean time of 4.11, 5.22, 7.29 and 8.26 hrs respectively for tea concentrations of 0, 1, 2 and 4 g/250 mL milk. The mean microbial load for Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in black, green and purple tea yoghurts were also inversely proportional to the concentration of the added teas. In the developmental stages of tea fortified yoghurts Lactobacillus bulgaricus range was 0.52-1.58 × 107 CFU/mL while Streptococcus thermophilus range was 2.53-3.51 × 109 CFU/mL, during storage the growth patterns were different between the cultures. The recorded mean values range for Lactobacillus bulgaricus was 2.79-4.35 × 107 CFU/mL while Streptococcus thermophilus mean range was 2.57-3.47 × 109 CFU/mL Phytochemicals traced in the product had concentration values below 5 × 102 µgmL-1. In conclusion, it was possible to develop probiotic tea fortified yoghurt containing tea phytochemicals with unlimited health benefits using different the different tea clones.


A stomach tube adjusting and fixing device includes an adjusting fixture consisting of an upper arc fixture and a lower arc fixture that are mutually hinged, wherein an anti-skidding layer is arranged on the inner surface of each of the upper fixture and the lower fixture; the inner diameter of the buckled fixture is fit with the outer diameter of a stomach tube; a fixing support is fixed at the lower part of the lower fixture; the lower surface of the fixing support is arc, and a protective layer is arranged on the arc surface; fixing belts are fixed on the two sides of the fixing support; a fixing stop is arranged at the ends of the fixing belts; the outer parts of the two fixing belts at the upper end of the fixing stop are sleeved with a fixing sleeve. The stomach tube adjusting and fixing device is dual-purpose, and can be used for adjusting and fixing the inserting depth of the stomach tube through the adjusting fixture, the inserting depth is obviously indicated and the stomach tube is firmly inserted, so that the accuracy and stability in the operation of inserting the stomach tube are improved; the stomach tube can be fixed through the matching of the fixing support and the fixing belts, so that discomfort such as cutaneous anaphylaxis can be avoided; the stomach tube adjusting and fixing device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, simplicity in implementation, flexibility and convenience for use, accurate and stable inserting depth of the stomach tube, firm fixation of the stomach tube, comfortable feeling brought to patients, high working efficiency, wide application range and the like.


in order to enhance high-efficiency of network recording and broadcasting in university class as well as promote standardization construction of excellent course and enhancement of teaching quality, this paper designs the overall structure of the new and high-efficiency class network recording and broadcasting system. For the working model and calculation method of recording and broadcasting data transmission, it has effectively reduced communication quantity of group broadcasting and increases quality and efficiency of recording and broadcasting, it provides great help for teaching.


Bovine Longissimus dorsi samples, collected aseptically 3 hr postmortem, were used to determine natural muscle enzyme activity. Samples of this tissue were inoculated with Pseudomonas putrefaciens or Lactobacillus casei and incubated 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21 days at 2°C and 0, 1, and 3 days at 25 and 37°C. Protein solubility, pH and microbial counts were determined after appropriate periods of storage. Only small differences were noted in the solubility of muscle proteins between the muscle treatments after 21 days of storage at 2°C compared to much larger differences noted after only 3 days of storage at higher incubation temperatures (25 and 37°C).


This study adopts a constitutive model for sand and a 3-D numerical software, named "FLAC3D" to examine the anchorage behaviours of an under-reamed anchor in sandy soil. A series of pull-out test on model anchors is performed to confirm the results obtained numerical analyses. Test results reveal that the load-movement curves computed numerically are get close to those estimated experimentally. For under-reamed anchors with dimensions of D=0.075m, L/D=4.5, and installed in sandy soil of Dr=70% (Dr: relative density, D: diameter of anchor, L/D: fixed end/diameter ratio), the shape of load-movement relationship on a deep anchor differs from that of a shallow anchor, especially the shape of end resistance-movement curve. However, the friction force, end resistance and total load do not attain peak values at same anchor movement. The end resistance of a shallow anchor displays obviously peak value. However, the peak value the end resistant cannot treasured from a deep anchor. The friction load presents peak and residual values. The mainly pull-out load of a shallow anchor is donated by the friction load, meanwhile the end bearing governs the pull-out load of a deep anchor; overburden depth of 12D is the shallow/deep anchor demarcation. According to the definition of end bearing coefficient, it is categorised to a deep anchor as the overburden surpasses 12D, it is a shallow anchor if the overburden is smaller than 7.5D, and as the overburden equal to 7.5D∼12D, the anchor can be classified as a transit anchor.


MS Cohen, YQ Chen, M McCauley N Engl J Med 2011 365:493–505.

The exciting evidence generated by this paper – that antiretroviral treatment of HIV-1 infection definitively reduces the risk of onward transmission of the virus by 96% – was rightly dubbed Science magazine's 'Breakthrough of the Year' in 2011.1 ,2

It has long been known that the probability of sexual transmission of HIV is strongly correlated with concentrations of HIV in blood and genital fluids.3 ,4 Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) produces prolonged and sustained suppression of HIV replication in these compartments, reducing the amount of free virus.5 ,6 Thus, there has long been a …


Background Objective: Nowadays, the essentiality to provide services to outpatients has been grown in medical centers in developed and particularly developing cities. Outpatients are a kind of patients who register their appointment by requesting a specific website, telephone call or app before entering the medical centers and referring them to be visited within the prescribed time. To achieve optimal outpatient care, health centers must design and implement systems and policies that not only improve outpatient satisfaction but also minimize the costs of medical centers. Methods: This paper develops a model that considers increasing the number of patients admitted, physician lateness and cancelation of outpatient appointments due to extreme delays. It formulates a stochastic mixed-integer programming model that decreases the costs by reducing outpatient waiting time, physician overtime, and physician idle time.  It uses the sample average approximation that defines scenarios based on the model conditions. Moreover, it considers that outpatients may register their appointments but do not go to the medical center.  It also formulates another essential factor, unpunctuality of outpatients (both earliness and lateness conditions). Results: This paper defines some tests for the sensitivity analysis of the proposed model and then compares it with a model in the literature. These analyses were carried out using GAMS software which shows the results of the proposed model. Conclusion: Finally, this article shows reviews and evaluations to prove its optimality and utility of the proposed model for using it in the real world.


Patients with Behcet's Syndrome (BS) may present with different neurological problems, which are either primary or secondary consequences of the systemic disease. The clinical and imaging evidence suggests that primary neurological involvement in BS may be divided into two major forms: The first form, seen in the majority of patients, is the parenchymal central nervous system (CNS) involvement. This is likely to be due to inflammatory small vessel disease, and may present as an acute disorder or may have a chronic progressive form. It's named as intra-axial "neuro-Behcet's syndrome" (NBS). The second form, which has few symptoms and a better neurological prognosis, is caused by isolated cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and presents with symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension, and it's named as extra-axial "neuro-Behcet's syndrome." These two types rarely occur in the same individual, and their pathogenesis is likely to be different. Isolated behavioral syndromes and peripheral nervous system involvement are rare, whereas a nonstructural vascular type headache is relatively common and independent from neurological involvement. Neurologic complications secondary to systemic involvement of BS such as cerebral emboli from cardiovascular complications of BS and increased intracranial pressure due to superior vena cava syndrome, as well as neurologic complications related to BS treatments such as CNS neurotoxicity with cyclosporine and peripheral neuropathy with the use of thalidomide or colchicine are considered as secondary neurological complications. Acute episodes of NBS are treated with high-dose i.v. methylprednisolone followed by an oral tapering. As the neurological involvement in this syndrome is so heterogeneous, it is difficult to predict its course and prognosis, and response to treatment. A number of immunosuppressive agents as well as the immunomodulatory agent interferon-alpha have been used for the long-term treatment of intra-axial NBS, but none of them have been shown to be specifically beneficial. The monoclonal anti-TNF alpha antibody treatment emerges as a new option for the same purpose, but further data is needed. Currently, treatment options are limited to attack and symptomatic therapies, with no evidence for the efficacy of any long-term preventive treatment.


The engineering professional profiles have been discussed by several branches of the engineering field. On the one hand, this discussion helps to understand the professional practice and contributes to the specification of the competences that are suitable for each function and company culture. On the other hand, it is an essential starting point for the definition of curricula in engineering schools. Thus, this study aims to characterize, in an innovative way based on job advertisements, the demand for competences and areas of practice for Industrial Engineering and Management contributing for the definition of a professional profile. This characterization is based on the analysis of 1391 job advertisements, collected during seven years from a Portuguese newspaper. The data analysis takes into account the job description in which two categories were considered: areas of professional practice (e.g. project management) and transversal competences (e.g. teamwork). Considering the total number of job advertisements, it was possible to identify 1,962 cumulative references for 11 professional practice areas and 5,261 cumulative references for transversal competences. The contribution of this study lies on the identification of the main areas of practice and the main transversal competences demanded by employers.


Predictability of the dispersion of sediment plumes induced by potential deep-sea mining activities is still very limited due to operational limitations on in-situ observations required for a thorough validation and calibration of numerical models. Here we report on a plume dispersion experiment carried out in the German license area for the exploration of polymetallic nodules in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean in 4,200 m water depth. The dispersion of a sediment plume induced by a small-scale dredge experiment in April 2019 was investigated numerically by employing a sediment transport module coupled to a high-resolution hydrodynamic regional ocean model. Various aspects including sediment characteristics and ocean hydrodynamics were examined to obtain the best statistical agreement between sensor-based observations and model results. Results show that the model is capable of reproducing suspended sediment concentration and redeposition patterns observed during the dredge experiment. Due to a strong southward current during the dredging, the model predicts no sediment deposition and plume dispersion north of the dredging tracks. The sediment redeposition thickness reaches up to 9 mm directly next to the dredging tracks and 0.07 mm in about 320 m away from the dredging center. The model results suggest that seabed topography and variable sediment release heights above the seafloor cause significant changes especially for the low sedimentation pattern in the far-field area. Near-bottom mixing is expected to strongly influence vertical transport of suspended sediment.


A small team of students from the MSc Development Management 2015/2016 course presented a successful report last week in collaboration with Charities Aid Foundation at the pre-launch event for their research. Silky Agrawal, Brooks Reed, and Riya Saxena share their experiences:


In order to ensure the quality of the second grade highway from Xi′an to Ankang and find out the influence of slide in Zhujiawan region on the highway engineering, the geological and seismic geophysical exploration methods were used to explore earth surface and deep geological condition in this slide region And on the basis of the two methods, the geological situation, origin of the slides and slope stability are mainly focused on studying and analysis in the region In addition, some satisfactory conclusions are finally drawn by analysis data and information, which are surveyed and collected on the spot Some conclusion and suggestion will play an important role in the engineering practice in the future


The present research experimentally investigates the feasibility of a trailing-edge flap mechanism actuated in a helicopter rotor by piezoelectric stacks in conjunction with a dual-stage mechanical stroke amplifier to actively control vibration. A new mechanical leverage amplification concept was developed to extend the capability of a simple lever-fulcrum stroke amplifier. A refined prototype actuator and flap mechanism were designed and fabricated using five piezostacks. The bench-top test of the actuator showed 73.7 mils of free stroke and uniform displacement output up to a frequency of 150 Hz. Spin testing was performed in the vacuum chamber to evaluate the performance in rotating environment, and the refined prototype actuator showed approximately 13% loss in actuation stroke at 710 g of full-scale centrifugal loading. In the Open-Jet wind tunnel testing to simulate the aerodynamic loading environment, the peak-to-peak flap deflections above 8 degrees for freestream velocity of 120 ft/sec were obtained at different excitation frequencies. It demonstrated the capability of the refined prototype actuator in rotating environment to potentially reduce helicopter vibration.


The operation of Euro has not lived up to people's expectations.The main factors that account for this are:the global economic deflation,"negligence" of the European Central Bank over the exchange rate of Euro,and direct influence of the Kosowo War on the weakening of Euro.Despite the challenges brought on to Euro from inharmonious economic policies in various countries within the Euro areas,unemployment,unbalance in the process of economic integration and political integration,Euro will undoubtedly promote progress of the European integration,and eventually become the major competitor of the American dollar.