During the recent AERA convention in Toronto, there was much informal discussion of the Association's decision to boycott cities located in states that have not voted to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment. The level of discussion on this matter makes it imperative that we examine the logic underlying decisions such as this one. First, AERA leadership apparently believes that interfering with people's economic welfare is a legitimate means of influencing their voting behavior. It is difficult to see how boycotts of the type AERA has adopted differ from the behavior of "political bosses" who have potential voters picked up at their homes, paid, and delivered to the polling booths to obtain their votes. Economic boycotts, it is true, have long been recognized as an effective method of obtaining one's desires. However, boycotts of grocery stores by angry consumers, for example, cannot be construed as direct tampering with the basic set of laws of the country, and it is for this reason that boycotts such as these have attained a sense of legitimacy. Furthermore, the use of economic sanctions to influence votes relevant to a change in the U.S. Constitution (our most basic legal document) can easily be interpreted as illegitimate interference of the worst order.


The scepticism of Mr. Justice Powell," expressed at and after the trial before him at Hereford, March 4, 1712, of Jane Wenham of Walkerne for Witchcraft (which was the last trial and conviction for Witchcraft in England) excited the greatest indignation of many good people in England, who honestly believed that the authority of Scripture and the very foundations of religion itself were being undermined by the Sadducism of the Judge and those who thought as he didparticularly when she was not executed after being convicted.


Let I be a fuzzy relation between a set X of objects and a set Y of attributes, I(x, y) being interpreted the degree to which object x has attribute y. A fuzzy concept lattice induced by 〈X, Y, I〉 is a set B (X, Y, I) of all socalled formal fuzzy concepts hidden in 〈X, Y, I〉 together with the subconceptsuperconcept hierarchy. A formal fuzzy concept in 〈X, Y, I〉 is a pair 〈A, B〉 of a fuzzy set A of objects from X and a fuzzy set B of attributes from Y satisfying A↑ = B and B↓ = A. Here, A↑ is the fuzzy set of all attributes common to all objects from A and B↓ is the fuzzy set of all objects sharing all attributes from B. Generating all fuzzy concepts from B (X, Y, I) naively using directly the definition leads to an algorithm with exponential time complexity: one has to check all pairs 〈A, B〉 and there are |L||X| choices for A and |L||Y | choices for B (L is the set of truth values, e.g. a suitable subset of [0, 1]). In the ordinary (crisp, non-fuzzy) case, Ganter's "next extent" algorithm provides a better way. In this paper we show two approaches to deal with the problem of generating all concepts of a fuzzy concept lattice. First, using previously published results, generating a fuzzy concept lattice can be reduced to the problem of generating an (ordinary) concept lattice and thus, Ganter's algorithm can be applied. Second, we present a generalization of Ganter's algorithm for fuzzy setting. Presented is a discussion and an outline of further research.


The butterflies of Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) collected from 1998 to 2002 in Heilongjiang Province, and the preserved specimens since 1949 in Northeast Agricultural University are identified. A catalogue of 70 species of Nymphalidae which belong to 4 subfamilies and 26 genera are given, and in which 7 species are newly recorded in Heilongjiang Province. The scientific names, generic names and collected places are also listed.


In period of the literary group under Ye,group dinner of scholar collect,visit,strong literary flavor that come out that activity show of going on an expedition etc.,except this Cao's reasons,such as consolidation,stability,economic prospering relatively of living of regime,etc.,there is the following reason mainly: First,group activity offer kind chance and place very that the scholar created;Second,scholar regard literature as form express one's ideas and obtain aesthetic psychology of carrier of amusement not to create tendency walk for at all conscientious definitely;Third,the scholar's identity and status,it is decided that they only regard literary creation as one's own main undertaking or job,the ones that could be produced are freer and looser.


A P2P network has a problem: it is vulnerable to attacks on hub nodes. To solve this problem, a bimodal degree network has been studied that is robust to both hub node attacks and node departures. However, the bimodal degree network construction method in the conventional studies may construct a vulnerable network. Therefore, we propose the distributed method to construct a robust bimodal degree network and show the effectiveness of our method by computer simulations.


Media marketing is growing in proportion with the advance of many forms of technology and the increase of advertising. Magazines, television, the internet and other media sources have become strong sources of information in a teenager's life. Finding it profitable, companies effectively target adolescents because of four common characteristics: their mass consumption of media, their spending habits, their trendsetting ability, and the vulnerability associated with youth. The effects that marketing institutes during adolescence include an increase in materialism as well as a commitment to brand loyalty. Although parents and peers lay the groundwork for the values that teenagers hold, media marketing is making an impact upon these values as well. Some effects go beyond the teenage years, such as the difficulty adjusting to living independently with limited luxuries and the urge towards becoming addicted to work. Solutions are limited, but include teaching financial responsibility and independence as well as helping teenagers set personal boundaries to heed. Teenage Consumerism 4 Teenage Consumerism: The Rationale and Results of Media Marketing Young people are growing up in a world saturated with an ever-expanding influence of technology and media. They have almost unlimited information at their fingertips through radio, newspaper, magazines, television and most prominently from the internet. These young people thrive upon the commitment to freedom of speech, press, and religion. This freedom also brings a sense of bondage as well: "A free press is the inheritance of all young Americans. So too are the problems that go along with it. How they are dealt with will go far toward determining the world of tomorrow in which the young people of today are going to live" (Gottfried, 1997, p. 146). This bondage could be attributed to companies that are providing the resources to make mass media so powerful. A better understanding of this bondage could be described as a call to respond to the millions of promotions to buy into what entrepreneurs are selling. And the urge to buy has truly become a huge temptation. Materialism has begun to grip our nation. Materialism, as discussed in the following includes "the tendency to give undue importance to material interests; devotion to the material nature and its wants" (Webster's, 1996). One's materialism is often gauged by the tangible objects, known as possessions, one owns or is beginning to gain tenure of such. However, materialism truly is the mindset of longing and focus upon these tangible objects and human goods. As one generation passes and the next becomes more prevalent, this sense of bondage, often termed consumerism, is quickly gripping the nation and world. The greatest effort of mass media marketing is being focused directly toward the younger generation. This marketing is being blasted in the faces of children and teenagers who Teenage Consumerism 5 will be stepping up as tomorrow's leaders. But why would the media target children when they are still young enough that they are not making as many decisions apart from their parents? Put simply, it works. So this issue of the media's effect on teenagers is very critical for those concerned about teenagers to understand. Such targeting by marketers is effective because it affects not only the economic and moral decisions of teenagers, but through their influence, teens' preferences affect the individuals sUlTounding them also. Young people are setting the pace that society endeavors to follow. The materialistic focus of the young audience is one of the driving forces behind the entire family being affected by media marketing and therefore becoming more consumer-driven. What are the Major Influences in Mass Media? As Americans of all ages indulge in consumerism, the possibility must be considered that such action is a direct result of the mass consumption of all forms of media offered. Media consumption has gripped the nation and the world. The result of such ingestion is a near crisis in this great nation. Rosenblatt (1999) found that an overdose of the media drives people from each other and from the truths of life into their own little bubble. Technology and connection advancement has its perks and pleasures, but the associated negatives often outweigh the positives. The enhancement of life has brought many problems along with it, particularly for the young generation of consumers. Before questioning the effect of mass media, first it is important to examine what mass media is, what means of media are most prevalent, and how media became such a great part of America and the world. Teenage Consumerism 6


This paper presents a newly developed optimization simulation model for fleet selection for earthmoving operations. Global positioning system (GPS) data is used to build and update in near real time the developed model. The model is designed to assist contractors in selecting equipment fleet configurations for earthmoving operations; taking into consideration: (1) uncertainties associated with a set of quantitative variables that represent loading, hauling, and dumping duration, as well as, project direct and indirect cost; (2) availability of resources to contractors; (3) project cost and (or) time constraints; (4) project indirect cost; and (5) scope of work. The model allows contractors to assess the risk associated with the cost of the reconfigured fleet formations. The model has been implemented using commercial simulation software along with graphical user interface (GUI) module which was developed to incorporate the collected GPS data with the optimization simulation system. A commercial web based ...


Although the mainstream "new political historians" have largely ignored the South, historians of the antebellum South have produced some of the most interesting recent works in political history. These scholars fall into two groups: one finds a white consensus, emphasizes ideology, and concentrates on evidence from "literary" sources; the other discovers evidence of conflict, stresses the material basis of political alignments, and combines quantitative with traditional evidence. In a brief review of books by Channing and Johnson, I point out that by concentrating on the immediate pre-war years, the authors cannot answer even the questions they themselves pose. Cooper's 1978 ideological interpretation finesses the question of the connection between opinions on slavery and Unionism and fails to explain why the southerners' responses to the crises of 1850 and 1860 were so different.

The central work of the last two decades, Thornton's, presents the bold and complex thesis that the South was born libertarian and avoids many of the problems of the other works reviewed. His treatment of politics-as largely symbolic-expressive, rather than rational instrumental, and his lack of statistical sophistication, however, invite criticism.

The most valuable facet of these works for American political history generally is that they restore politicians, policy, and political thought -- topics often shunted aside by the social history approach of the past generation -- to the study of politics.


ABSTRACT A new crack detection approach based on local binary patterns (LBP) with support vector machine (SVM) was proposed in this paper. The propsed algorithm can extract the LBP feature from each frame of the video taken from the road. Then, the dimension of the LBP feature spaces can be reduced by Principal Component Analysis(PCA). The simplified samples are trained to be decided the type of crack using Support Vector Machine(SVM). In order to reflect the directional imformation in detail, the LBP processed image is devided into nine sub-blocks. In this paper, driving tests were performed 10 times and 12,000 image data were applied to the proposed algorithm. The average accuracy of the proposed algorithm with sub-blocks is 91.91%, which is about 6.6% higher than the algorithm without sub-blocks. The LBP-PCA with SVM applying sub-blocks reflects the directional information of the crack so that it has high accuracy of 89.41% and 88.24%, especially in transverse and longitudinal cracks. In the performance analysis of different crack classifiers, the F-Measure, which considered balance between the precision and the recall, of alligator cracks classifier was the highest at 0.7601 and hence crack detection performance is higher than others.


We analyze the effect of bulk inversion asymmetry (BIA) on the efficiency of nonmagnetic heterostructure resonant tunneling spin filters grown along $[001].$ We show that when only structural inversion asymmetry (SIA) is taken into account, the theoretical upper limit of current spin polarization for the Rashba effect resonant tunneling spin filter with a one-sided collector geometry is $2/\ensuremath{\pi}(\ensuremath{\approx}63.7%),$ independent of the direction of the one-sided collector. When both SIA and BIA effects are included, we can significantly enhance or degrade current spin polarization from the SIA-only value by varying the collection angle, with the best and worst directions, respectively, being $[110]$ and $[11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0]$ (or vice versa, depending on the relative sign between the SIA and BIA coefficients). We can similarly improve the spin filtering efficiency of Rashba effect resonant tunneling spin filters that rely on the use of a lateral electric field in the emitter region to induce spin polarization, simply by applying the field along $[110]$ (or $[11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0]).$


The beginning of the study of financing mix is after the Modigliani and Miller theorem and its unrealistic assumptions under which the source of finance does not impact the capital structure of the firm. Continuously after the M-M theorem new theories are developed. In this paper we are going to look at these alternative theories for sources of financing with a specific detail on the: Trade off theory and Pecking order theory. We provide evidence how this theories cope in practice of business.


• Asteroid A-612, an application that allows several remotely located participants to simultaneously explore a very small planet. It is designed to help teach children that the world is round by allowing them to explore a world that is much more obviously spherical than our own. • Dimension World, which uses the three dimensions of VR to teach about hypercubes and 4D math. The instructor is remotely located. • The Thing Growing, where a participant in one location interacts with a virtual character while, in another location, another participant influences the character's behavior and the progression of the virtual story.


Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is the base for future telecommunication network. The greatly variable requirements for different applications, especially in video and data traffic, make high demands on the development of traffic control in ATM networks. Speaking about Quality of Service (QoS), in ATM there is a traffic control mechanism, which ensures the standard requested by a new application or service. In the following paper an introduction to traffic control mechanism in ATM known as a connection admission control (CAC) and appropriate CAC method are presented.


Corresponding author: Farnaz Seyyedi-Sahebari, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Copyright © 2019, Seyyedi-Sahebari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Taxonomic study of the subfamily Tachininae (Diptera: Tachinidae) in Northern Iran, with three genera and eleven new species records for the fauna of Iran


The economic importance of banks to developing countries may be viewed as promoting capital formation, monetization, influencing economic activity, encouraging innovation and facilitator of monetary policy. Banking sector performance evaluation is an effective measure and indicator to check the soundness of economic activities of an economy. This study attempts to evaluate bank's performance of the GCC region using CAMEL framework. The study examines 12 conventional banks in six GCC countries where year-end financial data from the years 2008 until 2012 were gathered from the banks' annual reports and Thomson Reuters, Data stream in the library of Universiti Utara Malaysia. The study finds that capital adequacy parameters of GCC banks are above the minimum requirement, while asset quality in the GCC countries affected the bank's performance except in Saudi Arabian banks. Management quality affects banks performance in all GCC countries except in Saudi Arabian banks. Earning ability is efficient with the banks
performing well during the five years under investigation. Liquidity stood in the top
position for all the 12 banks in GCC countries. The GCC countries could further improve the performance of their asset quality and management quality, using CAMEL framework as it is the best model and useful in evaluating banks performance.


The election of Fidel Ramos as President of the Philippines com pleted the full restoration of democracy in that country. While democratic institutions are in place, they are not conducive to ensuring effective and efficient administration which the Philip pines requires if it is to return to economic health. One major reason for this paralysis is the fear that the country would revert back to dictatorship or authoritarianism. Thus, while every Filipino recognizes the need to have a strong President, the public also feels that the checks and balances in the system must be preserved, lest the country lapses back into authoritarianism. Compounding this is the Marcos legacy, which has not been totally erased. New elites, who have different agendas, have also emerged. This, together with the need to preserve democracy at all costs, are hampering the government's efforts to revive the country's for tunes. While the U.S. withdrawal from Subic Bay naval base and Clark air field has made the Philippines more vulnerable to ex ternal attacks, the threat to the country's security largely emanates from the domestic front. Rapid economic development is a crucial factor in ensuring political stability and preserving the country's security, but the Philippines can achieve this only if there is national unity.


This paper develops and applies a complete channel model for MIMO in aircraft that includes the effects of noise, interference and channel correlation. Clarke's, hyper-Rayleigh, IEEE TGn and an advanced ray-tracing model were used to predict the channel effects. Gaussian noise, thermal noise (at the transmitter and the receiver), non-Gaussian noise, and the aircraft system noise were included as well. It was observed that the IEEE TGn model (D) has about a 1-2 bit/sec/Hz lower capacity as compared to the hyper-Rayleigh model and Clarke's model when the transmitter and receiver are in the far field. The reduction in capacity from co-channel interference and correlation are quantified. Polarization agile PIFA and patch antennas were found to give higher capacity than the dipoles or regular patches for both correlated and un-correlated channels. This was due, in part, to the fact that more of these antennas could be placed on a small (8cm × 3cm) sensor surface.


THERE is a traditional belief that abruptio placentae is frequently a complication of preeclampsia or essential hypertension, but widely differing views are still held. Bartholomew et a/. ( I 953) suggested that pre-eclampsia is an aetiological factor in 80 per cent of cases of placental abruption; Eastman (1956) found antecedent hypertension in 47 per cent and Posner et al. (1956) found evidence of preexisting toxaemia in 29.2 per cent of severe cases of placental abruption. Although da Cunha (1959) recorded toxaemia in 48 per cent of his cases, most recent assessments in the British TsIes give lower figures. According to Stallworthy (1951), less than 25 per cent of patients with abruptio placentae had pre-eclampsia, whilst Douglas et a/. (1955) found an incidence of only 19 per cent. In the series of Bevis (1958), 33.4 per cent showed evidence of pre-eclampsia and 3.7 per cent had evidence of essential hypertension. More recently, in Montreal, Hendelman and Fraser (1960) found evidence of preeclampsia in only 1 I per cent of cases. The wide variation in these estimates stems chiefly from the varying criteria used by the individual investigators and the different populations studied. Pre-eclampsia is usually diagnosed if any two of the triad of hypertension, oedema and albuminuria are present, but the diagnosis of any condition on such incomplete evidence is highly unsatisfactory, especially if reliance is placed solely on observations made after abruption of the placenta has already occurred. This is particularly true in patients who are suffering from the effects of severe haemorrhage, and pre-eclampsia is often diagnosed because of a failure to appreciate the normal reactions to excessive blood loss. Vasoconstriction and a moderate rise in blood pressure are homeostatic responses to haemorrhage. Spasm of the renal vessels occurs and causes renal ischaemia and increased glomerular permeability. Albuminuria is, therefore, a common finding in any patient suffering from oligaemic shock. These factors, in combination with the peripheral oedema frequently seen in pregnancy, can easily lead to an erroneous diagnosis of pre-eclampsia in a woman admitted to hospital suffering from abruptio placentae. This is particularly true when the observer has a preconceived impression of the association between the two conditions. The reputedly high incidence of both conditions in primigravidae may also lead to a false impression of the association. Definitions of abruptio placentae and accidental ante-partum haemorrhage also differ widely and in the past it was a common practice to put all cases of ante-partum haemorrhage, other than those ascribed to placenta praevia, into a single category, thereby further confusing the picture. The following analysis attempts to show the true association between abruptio placentae and pre-eclampsia and essential hypertension as seen in a large maternity unit.


Objective A fast high-performance liquid chromatography assay method has been developed for the quantitation of acipimox. Methods A Capcell-C18(4. 6 mm×150 mm,5μm) column was used with the mobile phase of 0. 1 mol·L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 5. 0) . The concetration of acipimox was detected by the high - performance liquid chromatography. Results A good linear relationship was obtained in the concentration range of 0. 06-6. 0μg·mL. The average recovery of this method was 93.4 %-98. 8% . Conclusion The method is simple,rapid and accurate. The method was suitable for the quantitative determination of acipimox.


In this article in the framework of generalized Frolich model we consider electron-spin-phonon system. A parameter of electron-spin-phonon interaction is found. It is shown its interrelation with experiments on isotope-effect on high temperature superconductors and asymptotic transformation to BCS theory.


The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between academic self-attributions and subclinical social anxiety in a sample of Spanish adolescents and examine statistically significant differences in academic self-attributions among subgroups of socially anxious youth. Random cluster sampling was conducted. The final sample consisted of 717 Spanish students enrolled in Secondary Education (51% girls) aged 14 to 17 years (M = 15.68, SD = 1.16). The Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and the Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) were administered. Cluster analysis identified three clusters: (1) students with high social anxiety (n = 102) and high scores on fear of negative evaluation (FNE), anxiety toward strangers or new social situations (SAD-N), and anxiety in social situations in general (SAD-G); (2) students with moderate social anxiety (n = 290) and moderate scores on FNE, SAD-N, and SAD-G; and (3) students with low social anxiety (n = 325) and low scores on FNE, SAD-N, and SAD-G. Multivariate analyses (MANOVA) examined differences in the academic self-attributions across the three clusters of subclinical social anxiety, finding statistically significant differences in the six types of academic self-attributions (Wilks Lambda = .89, F(12,714) = 7.11, p < .001, η2 = .06), including success attributed to ability, success attributed to effort, success attributed to external causes, failure attributed to ability, failure attributed to effort, and failure attributed to external causes. The implications of these findings for Psychology and Education professionals are discussed.


The section is distributed with the EH4 electromagnetic deep sounding method. The reverse deduce of measured data is carried out in combination with the electric parameter of rock and ore and the analysis of geological data.We have accurately identified the geological anomaly area and range of buried collapse area,the stoped out workings of coal mine and the loose regolith,etc,and well determined the probable geological disaster.


An intuitive control system based on gesture recognition for humanoid robot has been developed. The gesture of a human operator can be recognized successfully with 99.87% accuracy using Fuzzy Neural Generalized Learning Vector Quantization (FNGLVQ) algorithm. A total of 13 distinct gestures were trained onto the system to represent 13 different actions. The system maps the recognized gestures to 13 different sequences of movements which will be executed by the humanoid robot. This system can be used in settings where tele-operation of humanoid robot is needed. The use of gestures to give commands to humanoid robot will decrease the learning curve of the operator by providing a more intuitive control mechanism. This system eliminate the need to memorize a set of complex procedures. Another possible application is for teaching children with autism basic social interaction as a complement for human tutor.


The Cloud of Unknowing is a book of advice written by an anonymous member of the English clergy, probably in the last quarter of the 14th century, for the benefit of a young disciple seeking a mystical union with God. The doctrine according to which this must be preceded by a stasis of the contemplative under a cloud of unknowing is derived from the Mystica Theologia of the pseudo-Denis the Areopagyte that the author translated into English. The rhetoric of the treatise is heavily marked by correctio, which determines a method of cautious progress, an inspired groping towards the mystical revelation, but it is also sustained by pragmatism and shows a sense of humour.


/Purpose: How to process authorizations and reimbursements for students traveling as a group. Student groups may be advanced travel funds to cover expenses. When a University employee is traveling with students, the employee will be the custodian of the funds. If a group of students are traveling together without a University employee accompanying them, a student may be designated as custodian. The group must understand that all guidelines requiring original itemized receipts are applied to this travel. A list of all individuals that are participating must be attached with the Travel Authorization that is submitted. Travel Advances for Student Group Travel To ensure that the funds will be available, the request for the advance must be prepared and submitted to Procurement Services no later than 10 days prior to departure. Upon return from the travel the custodian should submit a Travel Reimbursement Voucher with an itemized list of expenses. Advances must be settled within 30 days of the last day of the trip. If the advance is not settled timely, student advances will be charged to the custodial student's bursar account for collection and employee advances will be payroll deducted from the next scheduled pay period.  Meals-Actual costs not exceeding the maximum meal allowance for the area traveled per student. For the group meal an itemized meal receipt must be obtained from the restaurant. No reimbursement will be issued without this receipt. A list of the individuals who participated in that meal must accompany the receipt.  Meal Tips – 20% of the actual meal cost, not to exceed the maximum daily meal allowance.  Lodging – The original itemized receipt showing room rate and all applicable charges. Individual's names must be listed showing what charges apply to each student.


In this survey the circle problem is treated in the broad sense, as the problem of the asymptotic properties of the quantity , the remainder term in the circle problem. A survey of recent results in this direction is presented. The main focus is on the behaviour of on short intervals. Several conjectures on the local behaviour of which lead to a solution of the circle problem are presented. A strong universality conjecture is stated which links the behaviour of with the behaviour of the second term in Weyl's formula for the Laplace operator on a closed Riemannian 2-manifold with integrable geodesic flow. Bibliography: 43 titles.


High tensile strength, high Young's modulus carbon fiber, free from holes and voids having a statistical prob ability of holes detected by a standard plasma etching test of less than about 2%, a tensile strength of at least about 150 kg/mm2 and a Young's modulus of at least about 15x 103 kg/mm2. The carbon fiber has excellent homogeneity of internal structure and excellent reliabil ity as a composite material. A process is provided for producing a high perfor mance, high quality carbon fiber having excellent pro ductivity and operability and requiring only a short time for oxidation. The process comprises converting an organic polymeric fiber (preferably an acrylic fiber) to an oxidized fiber, comprising repeatedly bringing said fiber into contact with the surface of a heated body such as a heated roll or heated plate at about 200-400' C. in the presence of an oxidizing gas for a contact time per single contact of said fiber with the surface of the heated body of less than about 1 second, and heating the resulting oxidized fiber in an atmosphere of an inert gas at a temperature of at least about 800 C. to thereby convert the oxidized fiber to a carbon fiber.


In this book several econometrics techniques are used to perform quantitative research of the exchange rate in transition. This is an empirical work based on related economic theory. While the stress is put on the exchange rate of the Czech koruna, the subject is analyzed from a broader perspective of other transition countries as well.


ABSTRACTThe theory of least-squares reverse time migration of multiples (RTMM) is presented. In this method, least squares migration (LSM) is used to image free-surface multiples where the recorded traces are used as the time histories of the virtual sources at the hydrophones and the surface-related multiples are the observed data. For a single source, the entire free-surface becomes an extended virtual source where the downgoing free-surface multiples more fully illuminate the subsurface compared to the primaries. Since each recorded trace is treated as the time history of a virtual source, knowledge of the source wavelet is not required and the ringy time series for each source is automatically deconvolved. If the multiples can be perfectly separated from the primaries, numerical tests on synthetic data for the Sigsbee2B and Marmousi2 models show that least-squares reverse time migration of multiples (LSRTMM) can significantly improve the image quality compared to RTMM or standard reverse time migratio...


Purpose of review To assess the current status of robot-assisted radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion for the treatment of bladder cancer. Recent findings Robot-assisted radical cystectomy is steadily growing with a feasible learning curve in those experienced in robotic prostatectomy. Pelvic lymphadenectomy appears to provide adequate nodal yield in several studies. Urinary diversions are most commonly performed extracorporeally, but several centers are attempting intracorporeal techniques. Short-term perioperative outcomes appear acceptable, but oncologic efficacy remains unknown. Summary Robot-assisted radical cystectomy with urinary diversion appears to be growing steadily in academic institutions. Long-term data regarding oncologic efficacy remain lacking but perioperative outcomes appear favorable.


INTRODUCTION: Intestinal parasites cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the tropics including Nepal. The main objective of this study was to explore the burden of intestinal parasitic infections among children in 5 different primary schools in Bhairahawa, Nepal.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional comparative study among 408 children from 5 schools in Bhirahawa, Nepal. Stool specimens collected in a plastic container were transported to microbiology laboratory in Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMSTH) immediately. Each sample was examined macroscopically and microscopically for the evidence of parasitic infection. All samples were re-analysed by sedimentation and floatation concentration techniques one after another.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of the parasitic infection was 46.5%. The prevalence varied by the methods that included routine microscopy (23.2%), sedimentation (41.6%) and flotation (8.3%). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common (29.1%) parasite followed by Entamoeba histolytica (6.1%). Mixed infection was also seen in 7.8% of the samples. Factors such as children's academic year, age, religion, existing illness, household water sources, meat consumed, domestic animals at house, and recent history of taking anti-helminthics were significantly associated with the intestinal parasitic infections. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was higher in public school (61.1%) compared to private school (37%). Male students had slightly more infections (47.3%) than females (45.7%).
CONCLUSIONS: Enteric parasitic infection was very high among the primary schools' students in Bhairahawa, Nepal. Integrating concentration techniques in routine test can help to detect most of the enteric parasites in stool specimens.


Female descendants of immigrants pursue more advanced studies than their brothers and benefit from a positive image in the media. Is it enough to put them in a more favorable position in the workplace than men from the second generation? How do they position themselves in relation to women born of French natives? This article examines the differences in access to employment according to gender and origin (Southern Europe or North Africa), using the data from the survey Study of Family History (ehf, 1999). It appears that, as concerns women, originating from Maghreb increases the risk of unemployment in comparison to native French people and to second generations from Southern Europe. Whatever the origin, women are more likely to be unemployed than their male counterparts. Women from Maghreb thus appear to be doubly discriminated against in the workplace, because of their origins as well as their gender.


The effect of having few data items responsible for the majority of ratings in a Collaborative Filtering recommendation, and the complement of having majority of items responsible for few ratings given by the users, are usually referred as popularity bias. The effect is known as reflecting the preference of users for popular items, but also as a consequence of methods and metrics normally applied by these systems. Variational Autoencoders (VAE) are considered today the state-of-the-art for collaborative filtering recommenders, and can handle big and sparse data entries with robustness and high accuracy. A methodology is proposed here for characterizing the popularity bias in Movielens and Netflix datasets, and when applying VAE for generating recommendations based on them. As a first step, the long tail model is applied for segmenting items and users in three different classes (Short Head, Medium Tail and Long Tail), depending on the proportion of interactions they are associated with. In addition, a real recommendation scenario is presented for measuring the proportion of unpopular items appearing among the suggestions provided by VAE. We consider characterizing the popularity in details as a very first step for providing recommenders with the desired serendipity effect, and expanding the knowledge of these systems about new and unpopular items with few ratings.


Production of organic fertilizer by alcohol waste fermented liquid, filter mud, bagasse and chimney ash is carried out by mixing filter mud 60wt% and bagasse 15wt% with chimney 24.6wt%, adding EM bacteria 0.4%, oxygen high-temperature fermenting, material drying to water ratio 40%, taking as adsorbent, adding alcohol waste fermented liquid into adsorbent, mixing to obtain material with 70% water ratio, first fermenting for 8 days with fermenting temperature from normal temperature to 55deg.C, the water of mixed material lowering to 40%, adding alcohol waste fermented liquid into the mixture first fermented, rising water of material to 60-70%, second fermenting with fermenting temperature 55-65deg.C for 10-15 days, temperature of material lowering under 40deg.C, and obtaining cured organic fertilizer. It achieves simple process and no environmental protection.


While driving a great amount of information has to be attended to, interpreted, and integrated into a coherent representation of the current situation within very limited time constraints. Processing this amount of information exceeds the capacity of working memory (WM). The theory of long-term working memory (LT-WM) describes a mechanism to overcome WM limitations (Ericsson & Kintsch, 1995). According to this theory it is assumed that experienced drivers possess a more differentiated knowledge base of relevant traffic situations allowing them to encode relevant information more reliably than novice drivers. The assumptions were tested in a driving simulator study (n=40). During each drive the participants were interrupted repeatedly and were asked for the number of cars around them. A mixed factorial design was used with experience as between-subjects factor and interruption duration, cuing, and relevance of queried information as within-subject factors. The results indicate that LT-WM might be involved in the construction and maintenance of situation awareness in driving.


One of the characteristics of learning geography in the 21st century is that teachers must strive to develop technology that supports learning. This study aims to discover differences in learning outcomes in geography learning using the ArcGIS application and the Quantum GIS application for senior high school students. The method used was a quantitative experiment with a quasi-experimental form. Determination of the sample by purposive sampling consisted of two experimental classes, with each class totaling 34 students. Students' learning outcomes were tested with a two parties t-test which previously tested data normality, data homogeneity, and the hypothesis. The results of this study show that the experimental class using the ArcGIS application has a post-test average score of 83.03 and the class using the Quantum GIS application has a post-test average score of 77.50. Therefore, there are differences in the learning outcomes of the two experimental classes, which show that using the ArcGIS application is more effective in geography learning in senior high schools than the Quantum GIS application. The results of this study can be used as material for consideration of implementing the use of innovative learning media and improving mapping skills for high school students.


The potential application space for miniaturized systems like wireless microsensors is expansive, from reconnaissance mission work and remote sensors to biomedical implants and disposable consumer products. Conforming to microscale dimensions, however, constrains energy and power to such an extent that sustaining critical power-hungry functions like wireless communication is next to impossible. Harvesting ambient energy offers an appealing alternative, except the act of transferring energy requires power that could easily exceed what the transducer generates in the first place. This paper presents how to design low-power switched-inductor converters capable of producing net energy gains when supplied from low-power piezoelectric and electrostatic kinetic-harvesting sources.


The utility model discloses a simple type filing pile hammering hole-forming device, which comprises a pile tip, a hole protecting tube, a heavy hammer, a hoister, a frame and a wire rope. The hole protecting tube is fixedly equipped on the pile tip and the heavy hammer is equipped inside the hole protecting tube. One end of the wire rope is connected with the hoister while the other end is connected with the heavy hammer. The top of the frame is provided with a pulley. And the wire rope center straddles the pulley. The utility model has the advantages of lightness, deftness, convenient operation, pollution-free construction and high efficiency.


The main pest of ornamental chestnut of landscaping in Cluj-Napoca is Cameraria ohridella Deschka-DimiA‡. Frequency of attacked leaves shows fluctuation from one year to another and from one location to another. Upon the numerical density of the population of this pest, an important role is repesented by useful entomofauna, especially species of parasitoids. During the period 2012-2013 was studied the percentage of parasitic larvae and pupae of Cameraria ohridella Deschka-DimiA‡ in two locations. In 2012 the parasitic level (%) of larvae in the central park of the city was on average 7.9% and 5.7% on the Paris Street, leading on 2013 at rate of parasitic level (%) in central park to 9.8% and 6.3% on the Paris Street. Parasitic level (%) of pupae in 2012 was 8.8% in Central Park and 6.1% on the Paris Street, and in 2013 the parasitic level (%) was 10.4% in Central Park and 6 9% on the Paris Street. Parasitic level (%) of larvae and pupae of C ameraria ohridella species is different from one location to another. This is due to the fact that entomofauna parasitoid is polyphagous, and where we have a more diversified composition of tree species, the chances of developing parasitoid hymenoptera are higher.


The present work is carried out in the frame of the research project called CHAMS-1. This project, the first of its kind in Morocco, is supported by IRESEN (Institute of Research on Solar and New Energy-Morocco). It is dedicated to the conception and design of a new low cost CSP system based on a new generation of linear Fresnel technology. In this context, we are currently developing a complete code package for simulating linear Fresnel optical systems and heat and masse transfer processes in the collector tube. This will allows us to predict the response of all components of the solar field according to global efficiency. In this paper, we will focus in modeling heat transfer phenomena on a collector constituted by a secondary reflector, transparent cover and tubular absorber. The calculations are achieved by coupling the thermal model to Monte-Carlo ray tracing algorithm to obtain power generated over the receiver tube. Temperature of receiver surfaces, thermal and optical efficiency of the collector is checked versus time and geometrical parameters to enhance the global efficiency.


At the Scalable I/O Initiative All-Hands meeting in Pasadena (December 12-14, 1994), the SIO-OS agreed to attempt to standardize on a "low-level" parallel file system application programmers interface. This interface was intended to provide a portable, high-performance interface for parallel libraries and compilers. In particular, the interface was to be structured as to admit high-performance implementations in both MPP and multicomputer (workstation network) environments. In many aspects, this API is analogous to the block device interface found in many operating systems. The interface is flexible, but minimal, and it is expected that most users will use either compilers or libraries that directly manipulate the interface. This document represents a first pass at addressing many of the issues that arise in establishing such an API, and was discussed at the ARPA PI meeting in San Diego, Jan 19th, 1995. We are circulating this document to solicit comments prior to the sunday Feb 5 API workshop called by Alok Choudhary and Paul Messina (McLean Hilton, McLean VA 703-761-5111). We (Garth and Danner) will attend and would like to represent the OS working group.


We prove that nonassociative star deformed vacuum Einstein equations can be decoupled and integrated in certain general forms on phase spaces involving real R‐flux terms induced as parametric corrections on base Lorentz manifold spacetimes. The geometric constructions are elaborated with parametric (on respective Planck, ℏ, and string, κ:=ℓs3/6ℏ , constants) and nonholonomic dyadic decompositions of fundamental geometric and physical objects. This is our second partner work on elaborating nonassociative geometric and gravity theories with symmetric and nonsymmetric metrics, (non) linear connections, star deformations defined by generalized Moyal‐Weyl products, endowed with quasi‐Hopf algebra, or other type algebraic and geometric structures, and all adapted to nonholonomic distributions and frames. We construct exact and parametric solutions for nonassociative vacuum configurations (with nontrivial or effective cosmological constants) defined by star deformed generic off‐diagonal (non) symmetric metrics and (generalized) nonlinear and linear connections. The coefficients of geometric objects defining such solutions are determined by respective classes of generating and integration functions and constants and may depend on all phase space coordinates [spacetime ones, (xi,t) ; and momentum like variables, (pa,E )]. Quasi‐stationary configurations are stated by solutions with spacetime Killing symmetry on a time like vector ∂t but with possible dependencies on momentum like coordinates on star deformed phase spaces. This geometric techniques of decoupling and integrating nonlinear systems of physically important partial differential equations (the anholonomic frame and connection deformation method, AFCDM) is applied in our partner works for constructing nonassociative and locally anisotropic generalizations of black hole and cosmological solutions and elaborating geometric flow evolution and classical and quantum information theories.


In this paper, the uncertainty of the QHR standard system at NIM is estimated and the combined standard uncertainty is given out. A new method to calibrate CCC ratio unit working in-situ is introduced.


Just had call from app developer offering me solution that'd incentivise my supporters. I already have a solution, it's called pocket money.


Knowledge production happens mainly through research, but a primary mechanism for knowledge dissemination to students occurs in the classroom. The classroom experience plays a central role in one of the key goals of a college education: to teach students how to engage thoughtfully and creatively with complex, nuanced topics. In the current climate, the learning experience for students, particularly in courses that address potentially controversial topics such as race and gender, is constrained. An instructor's belief that there is open conversation admitting a wide range of perspectives in the classroom does not mean that is occurring. To the contrary, it is possible to have a robust debate within the confines of the three core beliefs we have articulated and to as a result think that the discussion has been truly open, while in reality it may only have been open within a very limited aperture.


The present monograph, aimed at redressing the balance, is devoted to Lazare's scientific work. His three most important published books were Essai sur les machines en gdneral (1783), Reflexions sur la metaphysique du calcul infinitesimal (1797), a n d Principes fondamentaux de Ve'quilibre et du mouvement (1803). Professor Gillispie analyses the developments of the concepts in these works by comparing the published versions with earlier sketches, mostly essays submitted for competitions and left in manuscript. What emerges clearly is that Lazare Carnot thought in terms of machines, indeed of real mechanisms with all their imperfections. The gradual evolution of the concepts of work and energy, assuming in the process a large number of alternative names, is fascinating to trace. Even Carnot's mathematical ideas were firmly operational in origin (calculus arose pragmatically from the need to make approximations in calculating), and one can see that he regarded geometry as an abstraction from the motion of solids in space. If Lazare's scientific work was neglected in his lifetime, it was partly because it bore little relation to the rational mechanics developed by his contemporaries and was incomprehensible to them. One of the most fascinating topics in the book is the influence of Lazare on his son Sadi. It has long been remarked that the very title of Sadi's memoir, Reflexions sur la puissance motrice dufeu, resembled Lazare's title for his work on calculus, and that Sadi's model of a heat engine as a device in which caloric fell from a high to a low level was analogous to the hydraulic machines treated by his father. But the influence went deeper. The very urge to look for fundamental processes behind the hissing of the valves and the clanking of the gears of real engines, the abstraction of the ideal reversible engine, even the mysterious 'unclosed' cycle which Sadi considers at the beginning of his memoir—all these can be called Carnot modes of thought. The contents of the present book are as follows. After a brief biography of Lazare, subsequent chapters are scholarly studies of his contributions to the science of machines, the development of his mechanics, his approach to work and power, and his engineering justification of algebra and calculus. There follows a study, by Professor Youschkevitch of the Moscow Institute for the History of Science and Technology, of the original prize essay (1786) in which the mathematical ideas were first developed; the manuscript was only recently discovered in Berlin and is reproduced for the first time. Also reproduced are parts of manuscripts of two different versions of the work on machines, papers in the possession of the Paris Acad6mie des Sciences whose significance has only recently been realized. Under normal circumstances, die chapters of this monograph would perhaps have appeared as a series of papers in a learned journal. But the felicitous collaboration between an American and a Russian historian gave the impulse for a more substantial publication. This will certainly achieve two things. First, if libraries buy the book (and, in view of the price, they are likely to be the main buyers), the circle of readers may be greater than if the articles were buried in a journal; and, secondly, the scholars who handle this beautiful book will do so with delight.


Background: Serum uric acid (SUA) is a major antioxidant molecule in the human blood.  It provides a protective role in red blood cells (RBCs) and hemoglobin (Hb) by antioxidant defense.  However, studies directly assessing the association between SUA and anemia are rare.  This study aimed to prospectively investigate the association between SUA and incident anemia in a general adult population.

Methods: A total of 23,004 participants with no history of anemia were enrolled in the cohort study.  SUA levels were measured by enzymatic colorimetric test.  Hb was determined by sodium lauryl sulfate methemoglobin methods and anemia was defined as fasting blood Hb below 130g/L for men and 120 g/L for women. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of SUA with incident anemia.

Results: A total of 1,268 first incident cases of anemia occurred during 87,835 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up of 4.2 years). The fully adjusted hazards ratios (95% confidence interval) of anemia across increasing quartiles of SUA were 1.00(reference), 0.80(0.49, 1.30), 0.71(0.42, 1.22) and 0.83(0.49, 1.43) ( P for trend=0.92) in men, 1.00(reference), 0.84(0.71, 0.99), 0.82(0.69, 0.97) and 0.72(0.60, 0.86) ( P for trend=0.0003) in women, respectively. When comparing hyperuricemia to the lowest SUA level, the fully adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 0.87 (0.49, 1.54) ( P value=0.64) in men and 0.77 (0.57, 1.03) ( P value=0.07) in women.

Conclusions: Higher SUA is significantly associated with lower risk of incident anemia in women with normouricemia. This suggests that SUA may be a protective factor in the early detection of individuals at risk of anemia.

Funding: This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91746205 and 81941024).

Declaration of Interest: The authors declared they have no potential conflicts of interest.

Ethical Approval: The study protocol complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional review board of the Tianjin Medical University.


In this work, we present a novel ResNet-like approach called MR-CrackNet to detect and localise infrastructural cracks of different sizes. In a series of consecutive cycles, low-level feature maps such as crack edges and boundaries are extracted and combined with multi-resolution high-level feature maps such as crack regions. Two separate streams are designed to carry these feature maps after each cycle: low-level stream carries crack feature maps in full resolution, and high-level stream send crack features through an encoder-decoder network to create feature maps in different low resolutions. At each cycle, two feature maps are combined, processed and sent back through two streams for the next cycle. This model is trained and evaluated on a new crack dataset of 2,532 images. Quantitative and qualitative results show that MR-CrackNet outperforms the baseline models with a clear margin and it is able to extract significant crack features and achieve highly accurate crack detection.


The University of Louisville Research Foundation conducted a series of Reference Energy Mean Emission Level (REMEL) measurements of individual vehicle operations in the state of Arizona. This study was conducted to determine if the noise emission characteristics of Arizona highway vehicles are consistent with the data contained in the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) Traffic Noise Model (TNM). This study also examined the prediction accuracy of the TNM and STAMINA models. Field measurements were made at ten separate locations representative of typical Arizona topography and traffic conditions. These sites were modeled and both TNM and STAMINA were used to generate predicted sound levels at each measurement location. The following conclusions are drawn from the results of this study: The Arizona TNM REMEL data are different than the FHWA/TSC national TNM REMEL at a 95% confidence level for all three vehicle types addressed in this report; Arizona state-specific REMEL data increase the accuracy of both STAMINA and TNM over the same models using the FHWA/TSC national REMEL data, when modeling sites in the state of Arizona; The most accurate prediction method for sites in Arizona at distances of up to 400 ft from the roadway is the STAMINA model using Arizona state-specific REMEL data; The least accurate prediction method for Arizona sites at distances up to 400 ft from the roadway is the TNM model using national REMEL data; and TNM significantly over-predicts sound levels whether using either FHWA/TSC or Arizona state-specific REMEL data.


The measurement of residual thyroid tissue after thyroidectomy is crucial for the precise quantification of thyroid cancer treatment. Accurate residual thyroid tissue segmentation from CT images is challenging due to the indistinct tissue boundary. We propose a vote-in & vote-out region propagation model for residual thyroid tissue segmentation which incorporates global and local constraints and two voting strategies. The constraints were initially estimated from the given seeds and adaptively adjusted during the propagation process. The voting strategies were developed to decrease the opportunities of merging unexpected voxels around the uncertain boundaries. The experiment results over clinical patient studies demonstrated that the proposed method significantly improved the segmentation accuracy in terms of spatial overlap and shape similarity. Our method achieved an average Volume Overlap Error of 14.44±7.55 %, Relative Volume Difference of 9.42±20.31 %, Average Surface Distance of 0.12±0.05 mm and Maximum Surface Distance of 1.34±0.62 mm, with an average computation time of 2.68 seconds.


This is to certify that the dissertation entitled "EFFECTS OF VARIED PACKAGES OF YOGIC PRACTICES ON SELECTED MOTOR ABILITY COMPONENTS PHYSIOLOGICAL HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIO CHEMICAL VARIABLES AMONG COLLEGE MEN STUDENTS" is a record of research work done by SASI KUMAR. A. S a part time scholar of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of Physical Education in Tamil Nadu Physical Education and Sports University, Chennai during the year 2008 – 2010. This dissertation is his original work and it has not previously formed the basis for the award to any candidate, for any Degree, Diploma, Associateship, Fellowship or other similar titles. This dissertation represents, entirely an independent work on the part of the candidate but for the general guidance by me.


The undergraduates' practical teaching is an important part of the whole teaching curriculum designed for engineering training.The existing problems about undergraduates' practical teaching are that it is difficult to find internships and teaching mode is monotonous.We should strengthen the establishment of internship base,carry out the teaching mode of encouraging participation and autonomous thinking,and establish the evaluation system,focusing on process and innovation to promote the internship effect and teaching quality.


In this paper, four subway cars are selected as experimental objects, and the finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to simulate collision simulation. On this basis, we provide three sets of data about the displacement of four trains within 0.24s. Through 3d animation of three sets of data, the whole deformation process of train body collision can be obtained intuitively and clearly. Then, from the perspective of displacement, plastic deformation and climbing status of train carriages, the paper makes a detailed analysis, which is obviously different from the motion law used in the traditional 3D animation production. The experimental results of simulation of collision animation show that the use of finite element analysis software ANSYS makes the production of 3D animation to show more details, and more efficient and convenient. 3D animation also makes the data calculated by ANSYS intuitive visualization.


Abstract Use of the shrewd portable lab as a phone based measure for use in ecological checking is appeared. The secluded equipment engineering, the product structure of the framework and the sign preparing from ecological boundaries by means of cell digestion, EC-Sensors and hardware to a worker submission are portrayed. An analysis are expending glucose is appeared. The outcomes are summed up and the further advancements are introduced.


Pollution tracking in urban environments can now be performed through a variety of means, both dynamic and stationary. We envision a pollution data acquisition system that can be made accessible to end users by including them in the collection process, not just presenting the results through web pages or applications. We propose a low-cost device, easily configurable by anyone, which measures gas levels, dust, temperature and noise. The users can deploy them at home, connect them to their local Wi-Fi network and see the pollution data in real-time through a web interface. We address the design challenges of such a sensing device and the iterations that lead to its current hardware and software components. The node can function as part of a system that collects and stores the data and makes it available in real-time to all its users.


Medium coking coals from West Bokaro coalfield, India, were extracted with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and ethylenediamine (EDA) under reflux condition at atmospheric pressure. The objective of the study was to maximize the clean coal yield maintaining the specified clean coal ash content. Experimentations using three level full factorial designs were carried out to elucidate the importance of variables such as extraction time, coal to solvent ratio, and filtration mesh size upon solvent extraction of coal. To determine the significance of the effects, Pareto chart, residual analysis, and surface plots were used. It was found that the maximum extraction yield was obtained for 1 h extraction time and 1:12 coal to solvent ratio. Finer mesh (0.025 mm) size in filtration was found favorable in producing low ash clean coal (CC). Under optimum conditions it was possible to produce clean coal with 6% ash and 55% yield for coals having about 29% ash.


The analysis of Power Systems under various abnormal conditions represents one of the most important and complex task in Power Engineering. The studies and detection of these abnormal conditions is necessary to ensure that the reliability and stability of the power system do not suffer a decrement as a result of any critical event. This paper presents a review on the signal processing tools used to analyze the behavior of a power system and evaluate the performance of the system for different scenarios


A surgical cable and crimp device is provided. The cable has an enlargement (bead) affixed to one of its ends. The crimp member includes two holes. One of the holes includes a slot and a cavity. The cavity is sized to accept the bead of the cable, and the slot is sized to receive the flexible cable, but not allow the bead to pass through. The other hole is a simple through hole. The cable can be inserted to loop the bone isolated from the crimp member. After the beaded end of the surgical cable is fastened to the crimp, the cable is passed through the simple through hole. The cable is then tensioned by the application thereto of a tensioning tool with the tool applied to the cable and to an abutment face of the crimp member.


Objective Retrospective analysis the CT signs of Pulmonary cryptococcosis and Explore the reasons for its misdiagnosis.Materials and methods Collected the CT and X-ray data of 28 cases which diagnosed Pulmonary cryptococcosis by Surgery and clinical and analyzed the CT features of them.Results The main CT features were as follows:(1) Lumps or nodules.(2) Infiltration and Consolidation.(3) Small nodules and Net woven nodules.(4) Hybrid.Conclusion The rate of misdiagnosis of Pulmonary cryptococcosis is high.Analyze the CT imaging sign carefully,combined with clinical data,and dynamic observation could improve the diagnostic accuracy.


In order to better understand the (sometimes conflicting) relation between language and feeling, I study in this paper all WH-exclamative constructions of two collections of Katherine Mansfield's short stories, Bliss: and Other Stories (1923) and The Garden Party: and Other Stories (1923). In the light of my data analysis, I attempt to contest the widespread conceptualization of exclamatives as expressing scalar evaluation and surprise at violation of expectation. I argue that HOW exclamative constructions are speaker-oriented utterances that express some intense feeling s/he experiences; subjects of such constructions can be omitted because of their evidence in context. Frequent ellipsis of verb and subject thus results from the cognitive implication of the speaker, who tries to identify a contextually salient quale, with such obviousness paradoxically resulting in indeterminacy marker WH-; while WHAT exclamatives express social and inter-subjective judgment. Expressivity is present in the initial WH-phrase which continues into mere expression of feeling as it develops into a complete clause.


We seek to motivate the use of two-port network circuit analysis techniques by proposing two examples: one is elementary, the other is advanced. In particular, we start by deriving the transmission matrices for small-signal equivalent models of the BJT and MOS transistors. We then proceed to the first example where we explain the function of a Gyrator in a very clear way aided by Spice simulations. In the second more advanced example, we show how to systematically analyse the classical Cascode amplifier in a general way that is independent of whether it is realized using a BJT or a MOS transistor. The two examples highlight the strength and generality of the not-so-popular two-port network analysis which is usually introduced to undergraduate students much later than other circuit analysis techniques. This delay results in a preference for using mesh and nodal techniques to model and analyse electronic circuits.


Congenital anomalies of the extra hepatic biliary system are important in the clinical setting as they can cause diagnostic and surgical problems. They are also associated with an increased incidence of intraoperative bile duct injuries. Septated gallbladder has not been well documented because it is usually asymptomatic or discovered accidentally during the evaluation of abdominal pain. Anticipation and recognition of this anomaly and its various types are important to avoid surprises. Pre-operative diagnosis plays a crucial role in planning surgery and preventing possible surgical complications. We present a case report of a young gentleman with incidentally detected septated gall bladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which was managed successfully. The aim of this paper is to increase awareness in the surgical society regarding anatomical variation and present ways of diagnosis and treatment during surgery to those encountering it first time during the procedure. CASE REPORT


The invention relates to a display method for correlated images and texts and a corresponding electrical book system. The display method is characterized by including the following steps: establishing a database of general information; and calling out general information corresponding to texts on a page which is read and displaying the general information on the page controllably to coexist with the texts simultaneously. In this way, a reader can read texts, images, forms, mathematical equation, chemical equation, notes and other information without needing not to scroll pages up and down by hand.


Bayesian network structure learning is one of the important research techniques in the domain of data mining and knowledge discovery,when the search space of the network structure is bigger,traditional binary particle algorithms often have some defects such as low convergent speed,falling easily into local optimum and low precision We improve the classic binary particle swarm optimization algorithm in two respects:particle initialization and update process;the improved algorithm has stronger optimization ability.We compare the proposed algorithm with the original algorithm using the ASIA network.The results and their analysis show preliminarily that the proposed algorithm is able to find the better solution with less number of iterations,without increasing the complexity basically.


The purpose of this study is to investigate whether participants of environmental groups can be identified and targeted. The three forms of group participation investigated are: making monetary contributions, attending group meetings, and performing volunteer work for environmental groups. Participation in environmental groups is best understood by considering aspects of the helping process, and in terms of personal values. Demographics provided relatively weak results. The empirical findings of this study provide group promoters insights into how group participation can be encouraged.


Recognizing Mormonism's dissenting tradition, Differing Visions presents selections on nineteen Mormon dissenters - David Whitmer, Fawn Brodie, and Sonia Johnson among them - in a volume that focuses on the variety of religious sentiment within the church and assesses factors that have encouraged divergent ideas from the early 1800s on. Besides offering little-known information about the lives of those profiled, the collection shows that the dissenters generally were moved by conscience and questions of right and wrong in leaving Mormonism and that none of them ever fully shed the remnants of the institutional church. Whitmer is cast in a new light here, in a selection that emphasizes his disenchantment with Joseph Smith's increasing power and his belief that the church was moving counter to Whitmer's understanding of what religion should do. Brodie is presented as having been too distinctive - tall, beautiful, and extremely bright - to fit the patriarchal Mormon notion of womanhood. Excommunicated in June 1946 following the publication of No Man Knows My History, her controversial biography of Joseph Smith, Brodie continued to criticize the Mormon church in her writings and speeches. By the time of her death in 1981, she was recognized as twentieth-century Mormonism's leading dissenting female historian and critic. Excommunicated in 1979 because she publicized her church's efforts to defeat the Equal Rights Amendment, Johnson later became a feminist political activist, running unsuccessfully for the presidency of the National Organization for Women and, in 1984, for the presidency of the United States.


A simple one-step route for the conversion of naphthols and phenols with tetrahydrofuran into corresponding 2-aryltetrahydrofurans using Amberlyst-15 as a catalyst is reported. This is the first example of the acid-mediated formation and rearrangement reactions of tetrahydrofuranyl ethers prepared from the tetrahydrofuran and aromatic/aliphatic hydroxy compounds.


This paper discusses the existent security problems hidden in the network of enterprise.In the solution,we provided and designed a lot of technology such as firewalls,instruction detection system,network antivirus,defect scan and so on.These can completely protect computer network and ensure the security of computer network.


Traditionally the usage of a tuned mass damper (TMD) is to improve the survivability of the primary structure under an extraordinary loading environment while the design loading condition is often described by a harmonic function, or sometimes by a stationary random process that can be fully characterized by a power spectral density (PSD) function. In contrast, this paper considers the environmental loading to be a long-term nonstationary stochastic process characterized by a probabilistic PSD function. One engineering motivation to design a TMD under a long-term random loading condition is for prolonging the fatigue life of the primary structure. The primary contribution of this study is to provide the theoretical framework for designing a TMD that can optimally minimize structural fatigue damage.


The small-angle, x-ray scattering method was applied to evaluate macromolecular parameters of defated proteinous silk fibers like Eri, Muga, Tussah, and raw silk. For the experimental measurement of scattering intensities the small-angle Kratky camera, coupled with an automatic-step scanning device, pulse-height discriminator, and counter attachment was used. Macromolecular parameters like specific inner surface, percentage of void, length of coherence, range of inhomogeneity, and transversal length were evaluated by using the theories of Kratky, Porod and Debye, and Bueche. The physical properties of these defated fibers were also evaluated with Scott's IP2-inclined plane tester. The correlation of the tertiary structural parameters with textile properties like average breaking strength of the proteinous fibers indicated a dependence of physical properties on certain macromolecular parameters.


PID (Proportional Integral Differential) regulator has been widely used in ship autopilot. According to the lack of overshoot, response speed in the traditional PID, a way is proposed to design ship course self-tuning fuzzy PID autopilot which combines conventional PID control and fuzzy control. Then, according to some indicators which contain overshoot, tracking response speed, control accuracy and so on, a new evaluation method which can examine the performance of autopilot has been proposed. The authors test the performance of the autopilot both by using Matlab and by using intelligent control of the ship simulation platform, which is developed by the research team to simulate. Compared with the performance of conventional PID autopilot, it is concluded that the fuzzy self-tuning PID autopilot has better performance than the conventional PID autopilot.


A micromachined gyroscope was designed with a rotor electrostatically levitated in five degrees of freedom (DOFs). The proposed device is based on glass-silicon-glass triple stack structure, annular rotor, bulk micromachining, and capacitive position sensing. A capacitive sensor interface, which uses common electrodes for high-frequency excitation and multiplexed electrodes for sensing and actuation, was introduced in order to simplify the microstructure of the gyroscope. To maintain stable levitation, an active levitation system was utilized to control the motion of the rotor in five DOFs, three translations and two out-of-plane rotations with adequate suspension stiffness. The rotor was rotated based on the principle of three-phase variable capacitance motor, and operated at closed-loop speed control by measuring the capacitances between the rotor and associated driving electrodes. A prototype structure was designed and fabricated by deep reactive ion etching process. Multi-axis closed-loop control was implemented using a high-speed DSP controller to achieve stable levitation of the rotor.


This article describes WaterISAC, designed as both a secure, Web‐based environment for early warning of potential physical contamination and cyber threats, and a source of sound information and shared ideas for protecting consumers and the environment. Developed by the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (AMWA) under the guidance of drinking water and wastewater system managers and associations, with partial funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Congress, the WaterISAC (Information and Sharing Analysis Centers) responds to Presidential Decision Directives and Executive Orders that designate the water sector as critical to the nation's well‐being and that call for the establishment of ISACs to promote the flow of security information. WaterISAC is the only centralized resource that gathers, analyzes, and disseminates threat information specific to the water community. This article reports on new developments at WaterISAC that include: contaminant databases; new search engines and documents; broad‐based, limited distribution information; database of WaterISAC notifications; revised form for reporting an incident; and, database of emergency contacts.


In order to make a comprehensive summing-up and proper evaluating to the journal work, the situation about papers, authors and quotation of Journal of Tianjin Polytechnic University in 2000-2004 is counted up and analyzed. The results show that the Journal quality to improre continuously in recent years, but we still have a long way to go compared with advanced journals in some fields such as foundation paper ratio, publishing time, quotation level and so on. Some improving plans are put forward.


Rice is one of the important cereals of the world particularly in Asian countries and forms staple diet for more than 50 per cent of the population. Brown plant hopper is one of the major culprits for huge economic crop losses of rice. The BPH infestation occurred in all rice growing areas of Asian countries and cause huge yield losses by destruction of the crop. Integrated management of BPH should be followed by combining the availability of resources and economics of farmers. Surveillance and monitoring are the prime strategies to make effective management operations.


PAX5 is an essential transcription factor of B-cell differentiation. It is altered in almost 40% of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). We have described its cytogenetic alterations in these diseases. Its allelic deletion is associated with BCR-ABL1 or E2A-PBX1. PAX5 deletion appears as a secondary event in B-ALL. We have shown that patients harbouring an intragenic PAX5 breakpoint display simple karyotypes. This result highlights that these events are initiating events in B-ALL. We have identified NcoR1, DACH2, GOLGA6 and TAOK1 as new PAX5 fusion partners. We have not identified common function or structure between all these partners, excepted that all the fusion genes conserve the DNA binding domain of PAX5. To evaluate the involvement of several mutants in leukemogenesis, we have tested their effect using a murine ex-vivo inducible B-cell differentiation system. Our work shows that these mutants are able to modify parameters such as differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation.


Abstract While the principle of public participation is an acknowledged requirement of planning in most Western countries there is continuing debate, and insufficient empirical evidence, on the effectiveness of public participation in practice. This research examines the power of public participation in local planning in Scotland. The paper first identifies the principal actors in the development planning process. The institutional framework for planning in Scotland is then explained to establish the legislative and procedural context for a case study analysis of conflict between developers and the local community in a village in the metropolitan green belt. Thirdly, using a combination of analysis of planning documents, interviews with local planners and developers, and a survey of village residents the empirical study provides detailed insight on the principles, practice, and problems for public participation in local planning. This is followed by a critique of recent government initiatives to enhance public engagement in planning. Finally, a number of conclusions are presented on the prospects for more effective public participation in planning. While the empirical focus of the research is on Scotland, the findings are of general relevance for the debate over the rhetoric and reality of public participation in Western society.


a faith understood asfiducia and grace as condonatio seu remissio peccati. He shows how forensic justification grew to be the norm from 1519-1530. The book is most interesting when Green analyzes the early impact of Melanchthon on Luther in Wittenberg during the years 1518-1519. He provides the reader with an interesting analysis of faith as fides, credulitas, fidelitas, credere, and fiducia, particularly in Luther. Identifying himself with the Erlangen school of Luther research, Green could have improved the sections on Luther if he had given more serious consideration to the work of Rudolf Hermann. Green shows how forensic justification was emphasized even more by Luther and Melanchthon due to the influence of Brenz and Osiander and their "analytic" notion of justification. He concludes with an analysis of forensic justification in Luther, a comparison of justification in Luther and Melanchthon, and a reiteration of the distinction between justification and sanctification. It is not always clear what the author means by the later Protestant position of forensic justification. He assumes from the beginning a "fully Reformational teaching" (p. 175). It is also difficult to understand how justification by faith "stressed the responsibility of the individual," while justification by grace emphasized the exclusive operation of God (p. 183). Green reproves Luther for not having clarified his teaching on justification by faith and for failing to leave posterity "an unmistakably clear treatise on the subject" (p. 184). It appears as though Green is trying to make a Melanchthonian systematician out of Luther, the situational theologian. Unfortunately, he goes beyond the scope of his work when he proposes a paleomorphic application of forensic justification to the present. Forensic justification, he writes, is "neither outdated nor irrelevant but is the needed solution for our getting right with God and making a new beginning" (p. 203). Finally, to avoid a legalistic reading of Melanchthon's theology, is it necessary to show that forensic justification is the Reformation position? Actually, there are any number of theologies of justification. In addition, does one redeem Melanchthon's place in the Lutheran tradition by showing Luther's indebtedness to Melanchthon?


The tradition of consulting the blind and following their words can be dated back to very ancient times in Chinese history. From time immemorial, Chinese people believe that the blind knows the Dao of Heaven. In essence, this reveals people's pursuit of inner vision in traditional Chinese culture. The present article is an exploration of ideological causes of Chinese people's belief in the blind.


In our previous study, we have proposed piecewise-linear particle swarm optimizer (PPSO). The dynamics of each particle in PPSO has two search modes that are dynamically switchable to each other. PPSO has better search performance to solve non-separable problems than the classical PSO. However, since it was not clarified why PPSO was effective in solving such problems, we have now studied whether particle behavior in PPSO affects the search performance, focusing on search direction of particles to compare the search direction of PPSO particles with that of PSO particles. We further compared the search performance for parameter pattern of PPSO with the classical PSO based on numerical data. Here, we suggest that PPSO particles can move in solution space freely and that the behavior of PPSO particles is effective for solving the non-separable problems.


15 isolates of Halophytophthora were isolated from diseased spots of fallen leaves of mangrove habitats in Dong Zhai Gang of Qiong Shan city, Qing Lan Gang of Wen Chang city and San Ya city. 11 isolates of them were identified as Halophytophthora vesicula(Anastasiou Churchland)Ho Jong. The 11 isolates are Hs981-2, Hs981-3, Hs985-1, Hs985-3, Hs985-5, DJH1-2-2, DJH1-4, DJH2-2, DJH2-3, DJH2-4, SYH1; 4 isolates of them were identified as Halophytophthora spinosa var. lobata (Fell Master)Ho Jong. The 4 isolates are Hs982-2、Hs982-3、Hs982-4、Hs985-2. These two species are new records to China.


The main elements of EUROPE 2020 strategy are smart and inclusive growth. The basis of those aims, wherewith they become attainable, is the competent quality of the performance of education systems, which constitutes an important part of knowledge management as well. Thus it becomes evident, that efficient education is the engine whereby those goals can be achieved. The issue of education policy is a key-question not only at EU level, but also in every single member state of the union. The point of view of education policy makers in Hungary is rather different, so thus the situation is unstable; there are a lot of dilemma and disagreement between students, employees of educational institutions and decision-makers of the administration. Which path should a member state choose to reach the objectives of the European Union and preserve the traditions of its education system? There are numerous questions raised on the grounds of this particular case, such as why a state needs proper education system, it is eventually useful or not, how it could help attaining a sustainable growth, etc. This paper attempts to answer the previous questions.


Background: Bardoxolone inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro in wide types of human cancer cells. It has also been shown to inhibit the growth of tumor in the mice model. Several studies demonstrated that bardoxolone may modulate multiple molecular targets that have a fundamental role in both the development and progression of cancer. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the effects of Bardoxolone (CDDO-Me) in the treatment of colonic carcinoma by induction of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway (Nrf2) with regression of tumor markers as compared to other chemotherapeutic agents like 5-fuorouracil. Materials and Methods: Treatment groups are classified into four groups (control, chemotherapy group, bardoxolone, and combination treatment groups). Results: The results revealed that there were significant effects of bardoxolone treatment on cytoplasmic Nrf2 level (P < 0.05) as compared to control group (cancer cells without treatment). Conclusion: Bardoxolone has significant anticancer effects (P < 0.05) in low micrograms concentrations on human colonic cancer cells as compared to control groups.


OBJECTIVE
To elicit knowledge of breast cancer, perception of occurrence, and behavior in relation to breast self-examination (BSE).

METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Medical College, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for local occupants from Hail city and its rural neighborhood between September 2010 and February 2012. A personal interview-administered descriptive questionnaire and both descriptive and inferential statistics were used.

RESULTS
A total of 1000 participants agreed to be involved, out of which 87.7% were females, 7.2% were males and 5.1% had undisclosed gender. The age range for participants was 12-66 years. Out of all participants, 44% did not know that breast cancer is an abnormal growth and 78% failed to recognise its multi-factorial nature, with Increased age being the least recognised single risk factor 4.8%. Scores showed that 61.5% had a low level of breast cancer related knowledge. Out of the participants who knew of someone who had breast cancer 73%, 50.1% said the disease was discovered at a Late stage mainly by Chance. Data for BSE indicated that 50.1% of female participants >16 years old did not practice BSE, and Fear was the main declared perceived reason.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates a low level of fundamental knowledge of breast cancer and fear to practice BSE.


As cancer survivorship continues to improve, management of co‐morbid diabetes has become an increasingly important determinant of health outcomes for people with cancer. This study aimed to compare indicators of diabetes quality of care between people with diabetes and without a history of cancer.


Sparassis latifolia is one of the most expensive mushrooms in Korean market owing to its high β-glucan content and immunoactivity. However, because of the long cultivation period and high contamination rates, it has low production efficiency. Therefore, we first need to establish the optimum conditions for liquid spawn production to increase its production efficiency. As a result of experiments, molasses culture medium was selected for mycelial growth. Also, the optimum sugar content for molasses and amount of aeration used were approximately 8 Brix% and 0.3~0.6 vvm, respectively. Mycelial dry weight increases, while the medium decreases, as the incubation period increases. Therefore, to achieve maximum production efficiency, the incubation period of 9 to 11 days is appropriate.


The machine vision technique is one of the important methods for the detecting and controlling of the welding quality,while the vision processing algorithm is the key factor that affect the application of the machine vision technique.In the paper,the CCD sensor is adopted to obtain the image of the welding molten pool directly;and a universal non-linear image-processing algorithm was established based on the mathematic morphologic theory.The image of the molten pool is pre-processed and the characteristic information such as the center of the weld line,the width and length of the molten pool edge are obtained.According to the character information of the molten pool,the fuzzy inference and PID controlling theory are combined to form a closed-loop control system to control the penetration quality and weld line seam tracking.The experimental results indicate that the welding quality detecting and controlling system based on machine vision technique has perfect stability,self-adaptability and controlling precision.


Background: The Colombian armed conflict has been classified as one of the oldest in the world, with a death toll of 262,197 among civilians and combatants. Objective: This study described the meaning of peace built by adolescents and young people who are victims of the armed conflict in central Colombia, on the basis of the importance of incorporating their voices into the processes of building cultures of peace. Methodology: There were 40 participants, 13 men and 27 women between the ages of 15 and 24, who were selected through convenience sampling. Natural semantic networks were used as an information collection technique, which is classified as a hybrid method of data collection that arises from the need to approach meanings and their organization in the form of a network. Results: The greatest semantic weight is found in words such as respect, understanding, tranquility, well-being, coexistence, and tolerance. Likewise, the categorical set of positive peace represents 96.86% of the network of meanings built by the participants, which is oriented to the transformation of conflicts in a non-violent and creative way. Conversely, it is important to mention the absence of elements of meaning related to negative peace.


This study of pre-verbal communication in four young children with severe learning difficulties compares the nature and function of their communications at home and at school. The author teaches at Quince Tree School, Tamworth. The article is based on work carried out in part fulfillment of a B.Ed (Hons.) degree when she was a student at Westhill College, Birmingham.


Hone your existing crafting skills or pick up a new hobby. Needle crafts, handicrafts, beading, collecting and more. Start your next paper craft project with these librarian selected resources for a variety for paper crafts, Origami, paper quilling, paper mache, scrapbooking and more.


A four-pass configuration of a laser amplifier with a stimulated Brillouin scattering mirror but without a Faraday isolator was proposed and investigated experimentally. The dependence of the output radiation energy on the energy of the light beam at the amplifier input was determined.


This study was an attempt to presenting the magnitude of maternal death risks in Indonesia based on the 1995 National Household Health Survey (NHHS). The 1995 NHHS was household-based sample survey covering all provinces in Indonesia. One of the objectives of the survey was to obtain information of cause of death in the community. Cause of death was defined by verbal autopsy technique and 10th International Classification of Diseases was used to classify cause of death including maternal caused of death. Problem of maternal death was indicated by the proportionate mortality rate, cause specific death rate (CSDR) and maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio). The first rate was obtained directly while CSDR and MMRatio were estimated indirectly. The NHHS identified a total of 3484 deaths, of which 299 cases were women at reproductive age (15-44 years). Twenty one percent of female deaths of reproductive age were classified as maternal deaths. High percentage of maternal deaths occurred among women aged 20-34 years (69,4 percent), with parity one to three (44,4 percent) and birth interval above two years (43,5 percent). About 53 percent of maternal death women who delivered their babies at home, and 30 percent of their deliveries were attended by traditional birth attendant. Birth complication including post-partum hemorrhage, obstructed labor and inertia uteri contributed more than 50 percent of the maternal deaths, eclampsia contributed 17,6 percent and diseases that complicated pregnancies contributed 9,5 percent. Risk of death from specific maternal causes was indicated by the following rates: birth complication specific death rate 27 per 100,000 women at reproductive age (WRA), eclampsia specific death rate 9 per 100,000 WRA, diseases that complicated pregnancies death rate 5 per 100,000 WRA, abortion 3 per 100.000 WRA. Maternal mortality ratio was estimated as 475 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.


Background This study aimed to establish a structural equation model to determine the associations among knowledge of breast cancer, beliefs about breast self-examination (BSE), BSE practice, socio-economic status (SES), and barriers to BSE among Eastern Chinese women. Methods An online cross-sectional correlational survey of 2026 women from Eastern China was undertaken by a self-administered questionnaire in 2020. Structural equation modeling was utilized for examining the interrelationships between BSE barriers and other variables. Results Our results suggested that BSE barriers were significantly and negatively related to SES, BSE beliefs, and BSE practices (β = -0.176, p < 0.001 and β = -0.118, p < 0.001 and β = -0.435, p < 0.001, respectively). Among them, participants' BSE practices had the strongest effects on BSE barriers, while the effect of breast cancer knowledge on BSE barriers was in an opposite direction (β = 0.177, p < 0.001). Conclusions BSE barriers were influenced by SES, breast cancer knowledge, BSE beliefs and BSE practices. Our results warn that breast cancer prevention education should strengthen knowledge of practical methods rather than general knowledge. Therefore, intervention strategies designed to develop BSE and breast cancer prevention should take into account multiple factors, in particular finding more effective ways for the public to turn knowledge into a motivator rather than a barrier.


The parameters of a TWAC accelerator‐storage complex of an experimental facility for proton radiography of fast processes and static objects are presented. The time structure of the proton beam from the accelerator makes it possible to perform diagnostics of dynamic processes occurring at rates up to 20 km/sec. It is shown that the spatial resolution of the facility with respect to the sharp boundary of the density of an object with


To solve mobile traffic crunch, the usage of enormous bandwidth in millimeter wave (mm-Wave) is under discussion. In this paper, we investigate radio channel characteristics of mm-Wave frequency in the downtown area of Ottawa using 3D ray-tracing technique. In the results, important parameters of the radio channel model, such as path loss exponent, shadow fading, delay spread and angle spread, are provided. Especially, in case of path loss model in non-line of sight, a novel dual-slope approach is proposed for two conventional deployment scenarios. Comparing to traditional single-slope path loss model, the proposed method has smaller RMS errors in terms of local mean of path loss observations. We believe that the proposed method is appropriate to evaluate performance of the mm-Wave system in dense urban environments.


Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Public ships and other property of foreign States — Cuban ship taken to United States port by crew seeking asylum in United States — Effect of previous waiver of immunity from enforcement of judgment upon later suit to enforce libel in rem — Effect of statements of Executive with respect thereto and with respect to ownership of property — The law of the United States of America.


This paper addresses the navigation problem of robot vehicle, Patrol-security Robot, on unstructured roads with degraded surfaces and edges, strong shadows and no lane markings. These conditions cause many road-following systems failed because the road feature extraction is not easy and the detection effect becomes inaccuracy. For solving the problem of the feature extraction of the complex unstructured road detection, a rough set based unstructured road detection (RSURD) method is presented. By learning from the samples of road images, the knowledge of road features is acquired and consummated gradually by on-line learning, and the accuracy of rules is improved, which make the system fit different road conditions. This method has been implemented and tested on Patrol-security Robot. Good adaptability, robustness and reliability have been accomplished.


Objectives Spondylolithesis of the lumbar spine is a common disease that causes back and leg pain. Traumatic spondylolithesis of the cervical spine is very rare in documents.But it is often seen in our work, which has increased in resent years especially with the traffic accidents. We have analyzed this kind of disease retrospectively.Methods From 1990-2003, 19 male and 15 female patients had admitted in our department,whore age ranged from 21 to 57 years; And the slip occurred at the C4 to C7 levels. All patients showed neck and/or cervicobrachial pain with/without cervical spinal injury. Slippage was judged by X ray.In all patients,open reposition and anterior localized fusion had been done after cervical spine traction.The following-up time were 3 months to 1 year.Results In all patients, neck and cervicobrachial pain had been cured or greatly improved. X-ray showed reposition and bone fusion of the slipped spine.Conclusion It's much easy to diagnose the traumatic spondylolithesis of the cervical spine, which anterior reposition and fusion is one of the most efficient way to treat this kind of injury.