The formations of multilayer structure in shell of some freshwater mollusks (included bivalves and snails) were observed. The results obtained indicate that the mantle can be divided into three parts in bivalve molluscs with shell consisting of three Layers or two parts in snails with shell consisting of two Layers: (1)The marginal mantle (mantle edge). The secretory activities of the epthelial cells of the outer surface in this part of mantle is under the direct influence of the water surroundings. The secretion of this part of mantle forms the periostracum (cutin)Layer of the shell; (2)the Movement (or displacement)part of mantle, This part is located in the marginal and submarginal area of mantle in bivalve mollusc with a shell consisting of three Layers(or with pallial muscle impression on the shell),and is almost the whole mantle in snails. This part forms the prismatic Layer of shell; (3)The immobile mantle. This part of mantle is immobilized by fixing the mantle on shell at the position of impression of pallial muscle;such as the middle portion of mantle in bivalve mollusc with a shell consisting of three layers. The pearl layer of the shell is produced by this part. Experiments that form the three types of material of shell (periostracum. prismatic. pearl)have been done, of the artificial influences on the process of cultivation of attached pearl (or figured pearl) in species of Anodonta supported the obove view. Therefore, the epithelial cells of the outer surface in mantle possess the same secreting function and could form the multilayer structures in shells in mollusc.


'Modelling inside GIS' has been widely researched over the years. This paper argues that such approach lacks appropriate model reusing and management functions because it is often domain-dependent. In this paper, we propose a 'modelling outside GIS' approach to design a model management module that can be incorporated with GIS and other systems to perform flexible model retrieval and development. As a first step, an intelligent solution support system (subsystem) that can assist users to select and construct appropriate models for their particular application domains is developed. Some essential mechanisms and procedures involved in the developing this system are proposed and demonstrated. 1. Demands in spatial decision making Geographical information systems (GIS) has emerged as an important information processing and spatial technology. It has helped to regenerate the interests and applications of complex spatial and dynamic models in problem solving and decision making (Bertuglia et al, 1994) . There are two main approaches in current spatial modelling. One commonly adopted approach is 'modelling inside GIS' which attempts to incorporate different models into GIS with different coupling and integrating strategies (Batty and Xie, 1994). Another approach is the adoption of decision support systems (DSS) originally developed for operation research and management science (OR/MS) to spatial decision making domains. This is commonly described as spatial decision support systems (SDSS) which is particular useful for illstructured and unstructured spatial problems (Densham and Amstrong, 1994). Recently some intelligent functions are built into such system to provide knowledge based support in information processing and decision making (Leung, 1997). However, since these approaches are generally developed within GIS or AI environments, and applications are often domain-dependent, they do not provide flexible mechanisms and capabilities for model sharing, reuse and communications among different applications and systems. Thus considerable modelling programming and model development process are often involved when the problem domains and application systems are changed. Prototypes of object-oriented geographical modelling systems (GMS) have recently been proposed with some functions of modelbase management (Bennett, 1997; Raper and Livingstone, 1995). Their approaches support the development and use of dynamic geographical models, and can help users to construct domain specific geooriented simulation models by using icon-based user interface and autonomous modelling agents (Bennett, 1997). However, these systems do not provide appropriate mechanisms for reusing the established models, and do not offer intelligent assistance to users to retrieve and select appropriate models from a modelbase according to their needs. Another drawback is that they do not utilize existing systems such as GIS which has already developed some advanced features in spatial modelling. Model management systems (MMS) have been proposed in OR/MS research to resolve the above problems. Some interesting model management frameworks have been designed such as database approach, graph-based approach, object-oriented approach and knowledge-based approach (see review by Bharadwaj et al, 1992; Blanning 1993). These approaches provide a challenge to the current development of SDSS although spatial modelling problems are generally much more complex than models in operation research and Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 1999 0-7695-0001-3/99 $10.00 (c) 1999 IEEE Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 1999


LED mini lidar has been developed and installed into the sea wave dynamics visualization. This study aims mini-lidar installation to small fishing ship and pleasure boat. In the viewpoints of its safety and robustness of the installed system, LED pulse beam was selected as the lidar light source. Its shallow angle observation visualizes the sea wave motion from just a front of the ship to 300m ahead. At the coast experiment, two types of LED mini lidars were used for polarization measurement and Raman scattering measurement. They were almost the same optical characteristics except for their LED wavelength, that is, 365nm for polarization lidar and 365nm for Raman lidar. To visualize the sea wave dynamics, the summation time was shortened to 0.2s. The shallow angle (depression angle) of the lidar observation was set in 2 – 10 degrees against the horizontal direction. The fundamental information of sea wave, which were wave speed, height, period and wavelength, was deduced from the lidar echo. The polarization echo measurement revealed its dependency due to the LED beam incident angle against the sea surface. The Raman echo measurement visualized the correlation between the surface atmosphere activity and the sea wave dynamics. The surface atmosphere activity on water vapor Raman echo related to the sea wave motion from the fluorescent backscattered light of sea water, while it had its original change. These results are valid for safe cruise of small boat. This additional sea wave activity information will be effective for low fuel consumption operation and the automatic control in safety cruise. They are also of interest in physical oceanography.


Particle image velocimetry(PIV) was used to perform experimental investigation on cold flow field characteristics of low emission trapped-vortex combustor(TVC) model.The varieties of the cold flow field characteristics and the total pressure loss coefficient were obtained.The results show that vortex structures are stable in the model of low emission TVC,and the double vortex structure exists in the trapped vortex area located in the rear of the mainstream,as well as the single vortex structure exists in the trapped vortex area located in the rear of flame transport board.The double vortex system transforms into the single vortex system and the vortex center positions show a little change in these different sections.The center positions of double vortex and single vortex in each section do not change with the inlet Mach number(0.15~0.30) increasing,but the primary vortex area in double vortex system increases,and the secondary vortex area also changes,which is the largest at Mach number of 0.2.The velocities of airflow in the primary combustion zone and the edge of the vortex,the vortexes strength,and the total pressure loss coefficient increase with the inlet Mach number changing from 0.15 to 0.3.


Many early career HIV researchers from resource-limited settings are not familiar with the practices of writing up and publishing research for competitive international conferences or journals. Yet, there is an increasing need for research – and its dissemination – by early-career practitioner-researchers, who are producing knowledge from the front lines of practice. This will support continuous improvement in scaling-up HIV prevention, treatment, care and support, and research capacity building. This paper reports on an online abstract mentoring programme conducted by the International AIDS Society aimed at early career researchers. The programme began in 2004, and, in its current form, took place before the AIDS 2008 and IAS 2009 conferences. The paper explores how online mentoring can, in addition to building useful skills, enhance the induction of novices into the literacy practices of a global learning community. With a situated and constructivist view of online teaching and learning, I consider the implications for redesigning future global AIDS conferences as collaborative capacity-building spaces, via the use of Web 2.0 technologies that can make access to desirable literacy practices more equitable.


We present the first interferometric CO observations of the barred late-type galaxy UGC 2855 and its companion UGC 2866. UGC 2855 is shown to belong to the rare class of galaxies with a long ( 8 kpc) continuous molecular bar. The velocity field along the bar is dominated by solid-body rota- tion and shows few perturbations. This, together with an almost constant and low 12 CO/ 13 CO line intensity ratio along the bar and in the center as well as only weak H emission, indicate that the gas in the bar is not subjected to strong shocks, but surprisingly quiescent. In the central 3 00 , a high velocity fea- ture consisting of a number of Giant Molecular Associations, is identified. We discuss possible scenarios of the nature of this structure in connection with the question of the presence of an Inner Lindblad Resonance (ILR) in the bar. We suggest that the bar of UGC 2855 is a young object, possibly has no ILR, and that the mass concentration toward the center of the galaxy is just beginning. In contrast, the companion UGC 2866 experi- ences a strong starburst. We compare the properties of the gas in the bar of UGC 2855 to those we find in NGC 7479. Despite superficial parallels, the two bars are very dissimilar objects in terms of 12 CO/ 13 CO line ratio, velocity field and H activity. NGC 7479 exhibits starburst characteristics, while we argue that UGC 2855 is in a pre-burst stage.


Geologic and chronometric studies of alluvial fan sequences in south‐central Australia provide insights into the roles of tectonics and climate in continental landscape evolution. The most voluminous alluvial fans in the Flinders Ranges region have developed adjacent to catchments uplifted by Plio‐Quaternary reverse faults, implying that young tectonic activity has exerted a first‐order control on long‐term sediment accumulation rates along the range front. However, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of alluvial fan sequences indicates that late Quaternary facies changes and intervals of sediment aggradation and dissection are not directly correlated with individual faulting events. Fan sequences record a transition from debris flow deposition and soil formation to clast‐supported conglomeritic sedimentation by ∼30 ka. This transition is interpreted to reflect a landscape response to increasing climatic aridity, coupled with large flood events that episodically stripped previously weathered regolith from the landscape. Late Pleistocene to Holocene cycles of fan incision and aggradation post‐date the youngest‐dated surface ruptures and are interpreted to reflect changes in the frequency and magnitude of large floods. These datasets indicate that tectonic activity controlled long‐term sediment supply but climate governed the spatial and temporal patterns of range‐front sedimentation. Mild intraplate tectonism appears to have influenced Plio‐Quaternary sedimentation patterns across much of the southern Australian continent, including the geometry and extent of alluvial fans and sea‐level incursions.


A Cantor set is a non-empty, compact set that has neither interior nor isolated points. In this paper a Cantor set $K\subseteq \mathbb{R}$ is constructed such that every set definable in $(\mathbb{R},<,+,\cdot,K)$ is Borel. In addition, we prove quantifier-elimination and completeness results for $(\mathbb{R},<,+,\cdot,K)$, making the set $K$ the first example of a modeltheoretically tame Cantor set. This answers questions raised by Friedman, Kurdyka, Miller and Speissegger. The work in this paper depends crucially on results about automata on infinite words, in particular B\"uchi's celebrated theorem on the monadic second-order theory of one successor and McNaughton's theorem on Muller automata, which had never been used in the setting of expansions of the real field.


The diversity of recommendation has attracted a lot of attention in recommender systems due to its ability to improve user experience. Most of the diversified recommendation tasks usually exploit user-item interaction records for mining user explicit preferences, while rarely explore the user-item non-interaction records. For diversified recommendations, however, the neglected non-interaction records are especially important for capturing users' potential interests to improve the diversity of recommendation. Moreover, the majority of diversified recommendation methods run in two stages: first optimizing the users and items embeddings by relevance, then generating the diversified items list by post-processing methods. These methods are not end-to-end thus can hardly reach global optimum. To solve above limitations, we propose an end-to-end Dynamic Diversified Graph framework (DDGraph) which constructs the user-item graph dynamically based on the users and items embeddings. Technically, we initialize a user-item interaction graph and dynamically update the graph by selecting a set of diverse items for each user and building links between the items and user. The selection of diverse items can be achieved by different candidate selection operators. Specifically, we design a Quantile Progressive Candidate Selection (QPCS) operator based on the latent space division. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first to diversify recommendation results by dynamic end-to-end graph construction and the QPCS has a higher computational efficiency than other operators. Extensive experiments on the benchmark dataset illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the DDGraph framework.


The history of frankincense, starting in ancient Egypt, and the frankincense trees, what is now the genus Boswellia Roxb., is briefly outlined. General remarks are given on phylogeny and dating of ...


The invention relates to an aromatic ester photoinitiator for ultraviolet light-like curing and a manufacturing method thereof. The preparation method of the photoinitiator comprises two ways: a first method is to react aromatic carboxylic acid with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to prepare the aromatic ester photoinitiator; and a second method is to react in two steps, ensure that the aromatic carboxylic acid and the alkali are acted under a backflow condition to obtain corresponding carboxylate and react the carboxylate with the diethyl sulfate to prepare the aromatic ester photoinitiator at the temperature of 0-50 DEG C. Two manufacturing methods provided by the invention have the advantages of easy operation, rapid reaction, high yield and the like.


This paper analyzes the hydro-geologic and engineering-geologic conditions of Zipingpu reservoir area,Sichuan.It has been found that various types of harmful factors exist in the reservoir area where the bedrock around this dam have been strongly uplifted and large difference of topographic elevation have been produced due to deep down-cutting.These factors are unlikely to affect the normal working of this reservoir,but must be fully noticed.After water being stored in this reservoir,problems from the seepage or leakage of water will significantly influence on the area of both the reservoir and the dam,and should be resolved by adopting some steps.The water seeping into the underground following the water storing may induce earthquakes.So the work of monitoring and investigating the reservoir-inducing earthquake should be enhanced.


In this study we tested the hypothesis that seeds dispersed byAtta robusta leaf-cutting ants are smaller than those left under adult plants. We manually collected 593 seeds on eight leaf-cutting ant nests and below eight adult plants on Guriri Island, Sao Mateus, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. Seed size was subsequently estimated by two orthogonal measures of each seed. We found that seeds transported by A. robusta were significantly smaller than those left below adult Eugenia sp. (Myrtaceae) plants. The difference in size between seeds left below plants and carried to the nests can be explained by the limitation of the load that medium workers can support or to limitations imposed by environment, such as wind and trail obstacles. Such size differences can have implications on seed predation and viability. Because predators may choose larger seeds to attack, smaller seeds are more likely to settle as seedlings, possibly changing the plant community structure above A. robusta nests.


Abstract : The Army's transformation from the division-centric Army of Excellence to the modular brigade-centric Objective Force model has resulted in inadequate recon naissance and security forces and doctrine for their employment at the corps and division levels. There are three reasons for this. First, flawed assumptions regarding the substitution of ground reconnaissance troops for unmanned surveillance systems; second , the necessity of fighting for information; third , the requirement for a dedicated security force. Throughout its history, the United States Army has enabled divisions and corps to conduct security and reconnaissance operations through designated cavalry organizations. With the introduction of mechanized and motorized platforms and demotion of the horse as a viable means of maneuver, the cavalry had an identity crisis during the interwar period between the two world wars resulting in an initially ill-equipped force entering the war. Inadequate firepower, protection, and mobility during World War II led to the creation of the division cavalry squadron and armored cavalry regiment of the Army of Excellence force structure unveiled during the Cold War. The Army's most recent transformation to the modular brigade-centric Objective Force model, initiated in 2001, substantially changed the reconnaissance and security capabilities at the corps and division level. The transformation replaced the robust division cavalry squadrons and the armored cavalry regiments with the battlefield surveillance brigade. Ultimately, this study finds the underlying assumptions that the Army utilized in developing the new doctrine and resulting force structure to be flawed.


Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural style used to provide services to consumers that promotes loose coupling between services. The scattered and tangled functionalities modeled in an SOA application can be redesigned using Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP). This results in two sets of services, the first set having services for the base functionalities and the other modeling cross-cutting functionalities. During compilation, cross-cutting functionalities in the second set are woven to the functionalities modeled in the first set. By introducing AOP in SOA, the quality attributes such as re-usability, extendibility and maintainability can be improved. The objective of this paper is to perform an empirical investigation by quantitatively measuring the effect of introducing Aspect Orientation (AO) in SOA by developing with multiple versions of a given application. An AO based SOA application (University Automation System) for automating the functionalities of a typical University with multiple versions has been developed as an experimental test bed. An equivalent set of versions without introducing aspectization are also developed in parallel. The values of the AOP metrics are measured for the different versions of University Automation System both aspectized and unaspectized. The measured values show that the quality attributes namely maintainability, reusability and extendibility improve whereas the complexity of the application decreases during the evolution of the case study application.


Through cultural criterion of classicism,Liang shiqiu judged the new literature and put emphasis on the traditional cultural connotation of the literature.In the practice of the prose creation,Liang shiqiu affirmed to the full the value of humanistic spirit in the Chinese traditional culture and persisted in pursuing distinctively the language art of Chinese traditional prose.The traditional factors,the literature criticism and the traditional culture of the prose creation of Liang qiushi,made the unique value of the cultural promulgation.


The present research project consisted of elaborating a process flow diagram which had as
purpose to establish in a sequential, systematic and detailed way the procedures that are executed
to perform the preventive and corrective maintenance in the Industrial maintenance area of the
CYMIB Company.
By means of the ergonomic analysis carried out in the workstations, the possible discomforts or
pains that maintenance workers could have in any part of their body were identified based on the
results obtained through the Icontec GTC 45 matrix.
The application of ergonomic evaluation methods is described directly in the worker, both Check
List Ocra, REBA, resulting in high levels of risk due to repetitive movements and forced postures,
which leads to the improvement of jobs through the intervention of responsible personnel in this
area.
Through this need, a program for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders is proposed, which
will allow the control of ergonomic risk factors by repetitive movements and forced postures,
prevailing at the source, in the transmission medium and finally in the person.


Surface-application of agricultural limestone to neutralize soil acidity in permanent grass pastures is a common practice. The fate of the surface-applied limestone, however, has not been characterized. Research was conducted to determine physico-chemical and micromorphological characteristics of residual surface-applied agricultural limestone in permanent grass pastures. The pasture soils, located in the eastern region of Texas, consisted of 3 alfisols, 2 ultisols, and 1 mollisol. A layer of residual agricultural limestone ranging from 0.4–8.7 Mg·ha−1 had accumulated in the surface (0–8-cm depth) of the pasture soils. The majority of the residual limestone was found in the 0–2-cm depth increment. Soil pH measurements indicated that CaCO3 equivalent values were at or near zero whenever the soil pH value was below 5.5 and increased rapidly above a pH value of 6. Fractionation of bulk samples showed that 68% of the residual limestone was greater than 0.85 mm in diameter (>20 mesh sieve opening) showing the residual limestone was of coarser grade than common agricultural limestone. Micromorphic investigations of thin sections indicated some dissolution and weathering of the residual limestone was occurring but apparently at a slow rate. The primary factors inhibiting the reaction rate of the residual limestone were the coarse particle size of the applied limestone and the near-neutral pH of the soil surface. The effectiveness of surface-applied agricultural limestone will be improved through incorporation or by utilizing finer grade materials.


In the paper by Liepa, Jahangiri, Fallon & Forsyth [Acta Cryst. (2006), E62, o3170–o3171], there is an error in the reaction scheme. The correct scheme is given below.


ABSTRACT: Because almost one tenth of American children aged 2 to 11 years have untreated tooth decay, a physical examination that includes inspection of the mouth is crucial. Look for cavitated or noncavitated lesions, dental fillings, and missing teeth; gingivitis and/or plaque, chalky white spots, or deep fissures on the teeth suggest dental decay. Dental care strategies that can be discussed at well-child visits include the benefits of daily flossing and brushing with fluoridated toothpaste, limited intake of dietary sugar, the establishment of a dental home, and use of protective mouthguards and face protectors during sport activities. Fluoride supplementation can be prescribed for children exposed to inadequate amounts in the water supply. The Caries-Risk Assessment Tool can help identify children at high risk for tooth decay. The pediatrician can have a great impact on ensuring that children obtain necessary dental care; a literature review found that children referred to a dentist by a primary care provider were more likely to visit a dentist than those not referred.


The educational environment and the learning style of students are influenced by the coming of digital age. This essay analyses the key function of digital technology in cultivating the creativity of students, and discusses the solutions to incentive mechanism of improving students′ creativity under digital age.


AbstractRecent morphometric analysis of histological structures has been performed with computerized image analyzers, thus supplying previously unknown infomation. However, conventional methods are still used because few research centers have investigators trained in this technique. The basic objective of this study was to compare studies on renal tissues obtained both by the conventional method and the computerized analysis. We concluded that both methods are useful, in spite of some differences found in certain parameters, such as the glomerulus diameter and the percentage of glomerular area per glomerulus. The similarity of the results of area measurements and of glomerular sclerosis is emphasized. (The J Histotechnol 19:121, 1996)


The application of composite materials enables the marine industry to build stronger and lighter vessels. The growing use of marine composite materials has posed many challenges on the integrity of ship structures and one among them is the prediction of fatigue behaviour of composite ships. The present paper addresses various issues on the fatigue behaviour of composite ships. Finite Element Analysis of rectangular panel which is the representative of unstiffened composite hull has been envisaged in the present study to demonstrate the fatigue performance of composite ships.


Whole body 3D scanning is an important tool for collecting measurement data for the custom fit apparel markets. The ability to take measurements en mass for a specific group such as the uniforms for hotels and military is quickly being adopted. Once those measurements are captured for the group, the data can be used for size prediction of standard sizes or for custom fit orders. The challenge for custom fit centers on the product types being offered. Defining the product with target market, technical design, measurements and parametric modeling in mind will greatly increase the success of servicing the custom fit business. Stacy Holt, an Apparel Engineer with over 25 years' experience in apparel manufacturing and product development will explore how these challenges are overcome with the use of the latest apparel CAD technologies. Optitex's PDS, Virtual Prototyping and Modulate software will be used to demonstrate the process. Beyond Clothing Ltd, a manufacturer of extreme sports and mission apparel will assist with live subjects and styles. Introduction After much deliberation and review of options in the market place, you have come to the conclusion that Custom Fit services using a whole body scanner to capture measurements would better serve your customer and ultimately your business. But how do you get started? What measurements are important? First lets look at how you got here: Target Market You have a product and a target market. How would your customer be best served with a custom fit garment? What are the inherent fit tolerances in your product? Examples: Mens Suits – High fitting tolerance especially in the shoulders and chest. A properly fitted suit is most noticeable in the fit in the shoulders and chest. Lengths are are important. Customer preferences are a factor. Aplicable to Uniform markets Womens Suits and Fashion – Accommodate High Bust to Underbust proportions, Waist to Hip proportions. Lengths are a factor but not as much as in Mens. Customer preferences are factor. Applicable to uniform markets Post Operative GarmentsFor burn, facial surgeries – low tolerance fit, value high need to be correct measurements. Modesty and personal esteem play a factor. Medical advice is factor. Proc. of the 4th International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Long Beach CA, USA, 19-20 November 2013


. An e-wallet is a type of payment system that transfers physical wallet functions to a virtual setting to carry out electronic transactions using a range of payment options, including bank accounts, debit cards, credit cards, loyalty cards, and mobile phones. This study aims to examine Generation Z's behavioural intention to use e-wallets during the pandemic of COVID-19. An online survey was conducted through Google Forms with the respondents from all faculties of UiTM Negeri Sembilan branch, Seremban Campus. The descriptive finding (n = 344) indicates a high level of behavioural intention to use e-wallets among Generation Z. There were 209 respondents, which are more than half, who are strongly aware of the growth of technology. The frequent types of e-wallet used among the respondents are ShopeePay which is about 36.71%. According to the study's findings of behavioural intention to use e-wallets among Generation Z during the COVID-19 pandemic, it can be concluded that this generation had a high intent to utilise e-wallets.


ABSTRACT In the paper the authors address the principal components of buyer-seller relationships in Serbian and Croatian markets. The principal components of trust, cooperation, long-term orientation and the interpersonal components of relationships are evaluated from the seller's perspective. The paper is based on the results of the research conducted in 2001 in more than 400 Serbian and Croatian firms. The main purpose of the research was to discover and explore the differences between the principal components of buyer-seller relationships in order to aid the understanding of the different buying-selling behavior of participants from these emerging markets. The research found some interesting results and allows insights into forming and maintaining successful business relationships in the selected region for the benefit of all international firms entering these markets.


The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) study of K1-x(NH4)xI and KBr1-x(NO2)x mixed crystals was performed to elucidate the local structure of their glassy state associated with the reorientational freezing of molecular ions without any long-range order. The magnitude of EXAFS spectra of K1-x(NH4)xI was reduced with increasing ammonium ion concentration, while that of KBr1-x(NO2)x exhibits no anomalous changes with increasing nitrite ion concentration even below the glass transition temperature Tg. The results indicate that the local distortion which breaks the symmetry of fcc lattice is induced by the short-range antiferroelectric order of ammonium ions in K1-x(NH4)xI and the local structure is retained by the short-range ferroelectric order of nitrite ions in KBr1-x(NO2)x. The temperature dependence of mean-square displacement of bromine-potassium pair-distribution in KBr1-x(NO2)x obeys the Debye approximation even below Tg, which conflicts the result of previous X-ray diffraction studies that the mean-square displacement deviates largely from the Debye approximation.


We consider modeling the real exchange rate by a stationary three-regime self-exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR) model with possibly a unit root in the middle regime. This representation is consistent with purchasing power parity in the presence of trading costs. Our main contribution is to provide statistical tools for testing unit root versus a SETAR. First, we show that a SETAR with a unit root in the middle regime is stationary and mixing under reasonable assumptions. Second, we derive analytically the asymptotic distribution of our unit-root test under the null. Using monthly real exchange rate data, our test rejects the null of unit-root against a threshold process for five European series.


Results of a deep near-infrared imaging survey of low-luminosity cold IRAS sources in the Taurus dark cloud are discussed. The images involved identify the compact sources energizing the IRAS sources, identify infrared nebulosity around numbers of the invisible sources, and reveal the large-scale (about 1000 to 10,000 AU) morphology of this nebulosity. Some of the invisible sources show a clear bipolar or monopolar morphology suggesting a close relation of the nebulosity with a bipolar mass outflow. It is concluded that the nebulosity is likely due to scattering of radiation from the central source by the dust associated with the mass outflow extending to the poles of a circumstellar dust disk. 28 refs.


Signature recognition is an important requirement of automatic document verification system. Many approaches for signature recognition are found in literature. A novel approach for offline signature recognition system is presented in this paper, which is based on powerful global and local wavelet features (Energy features). The proposed system functions in three stages. Pre-processing stage, which consists of four steps: gray scale conversion, binarization, thinning and fitting boundary box in order to make signatures ready for feature extraction, Feature extraction stage, where totally 59 global and local wavelet based energy features are extracted which are used to distinguish the different signatures. Finally in classification stage, a simple Euclidean distance measure is used as decision tool. The average recognition accuracy obtained using this model ranges from 90% to 100% with the training set of 10 persons to 30 persons.


The effect of origin,part and variety at major phenolic compounds of mainstream smoke,and the relativity of contents of major phenolic compounds in mainstream smoke with the smoking quality were investigated.The results showed that the origin,position and variety were huge to contents of these compounds,including diphenol,resorcinol,catechol,phenol,m-cresol,p-cresol,and o-cresol,CV15%,the maximum approximately remained at 80%,in which,the position was the key determinant,the biggest CV was 63.5%;the contents of these seven compounds had a complicated relativities,which had the significant positive correlation with one another.The results of bivariate and factor analysis showed that the smoking quality were influenced by these seven compounds.With the increase of comprehensive factor score,the scores of physiological and taste strength would increase,while moist degree and irritancy would reduce,and the flavor of aroma would tend to heavy,but hardly change the aftertaste,offensive odor and aroma.


Rotor eddy-current loss appears significant in high-speed permanent magnet brushless DC(PM BLDC) motors.The effect of segmenting magnets on rotor loss was analyzed with finite element analysis.Only when the circumferential width of the magnet segment is smaller than the skin depth,the eddy-current loss in the magnets can be reduced by segmenting,otherwise the eddy-current loss will increase.By using the shielding effect of the eddy-current magnetic field,a copper shield with high conductivity was used between the retaining sleeve and magnets.Although eddy-current loss is induced in the copper shield,this eddy-current magnetic field reduces the harmonic field in the air-gap,so that the loss in the magnets,rotor yoke and retaining sleeve are cut down dramatically,resulting in a reduction of the overall rotor eddy-current loss.


Surprise‐children and their mothers don't think alike. In this case, there are clear differences in how both groups perceive violence (or even define it). John Abel is an assistant professor of telecommunication at Michigan State University, while Ms. Beninson is a doctoral student in the mass media program at the same institution.


Case 1: A 25-year-old Chinese woman from Guangzhou complained of a red plaque around her left ear and numbness for 5 years. She noticed an annular well-demarcated erythema with slightly clear transudate on the left ear in 2007. Allergic dermatitis was suspected and she was prescribed with intravenous Vitamin C 2.0 g and topical corticosteroid ointment. The red plaques slightly improved but insensitivity and numbness appeared in the former site. In September 2008, the patient visited our hospital and a skin biopsy revealed mild edema in the epidermal and numerous non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas in the dermis. Acid-fast stain was positive. The patient was prescribed rifampicin (0.15 g tid) for 1 year. Consequently, the facial erythema improved but numbness did not attenuate. In May 2012, the patient revisited our clinic as the lesion turned red and expanded (Figure 1A). The skin temperature was normal and neither hair nor eyebrow loss was detected. Blood routine and liver-kidney function were normal. The second biopsy showed tuberculoid granuloma in the dermis and large amounts of histiocyticlymphocytic infiltration around neurovascular bundles (Figure 1B). Acid-fast stain was negative this time (Figure 1C). Based on both clinical and histopathological findings, the patient was diagnosed as tuberculoid leprosy and given oral rifampicin (600 mg daily) and diamino-diphenyl sulfone (DDS) (100 mg daily).


The purpose of this study was to examine a single bacterial species isolated from Great Smoky Mountains Nation Park (GSMNP), characterize its growth requirements, and identify it down to the species level. A polyphasic approach that examined phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic characteristics was used. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the isolate is Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, oxidase negative, catalase positive, and grows in the presence and absence of oxygen. Growth was observed at temperatures ranging from 4oC to 37oC, with optimum growth at 30oC based on visual observation of colony mass. The pH range for growth was pH7-9, with optimum growth at pH9 based on visual observation of colony mass. The isolate can tolerate up to 1% NaCl in the nutrient media. Genotypic analysis utilizing 16S rDNA sequences and whole genome sequencing (WGS) identified the isolate as a member of the order "Enterobacteriales" and the family Enterobacteriaceae. Phylogenetic analysis supported the isolate's position in both taxa, but did not cluster the isolate with any specific genera. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic properties, the isolate LD2 represents a novel species of a new genus.


The history of the book is a new academic field that explores how books shape society and how society shapes books. It covers not only books per se but all kinds of documents, including manuscripts, periodicals, newspapers, and ephemera. It addresses the social, economic, and cultural history of authorship, editing, scribal and print production, publishing, bookselling, literary property, libraries, censorship, literary criticism, literacy, and reading


Summary Data have been presented on the occurrence of influenza in Navy recruits at Great Lakes Naval Training Center during the winter of 1951-52. Serological evidence of occurrence of epidemic influenza B was confirmed by the isolation of 11 viruses which appear to resemble the 1210 strain of influenza B. The isolation of 14 strains characterized as influenza C and the serological evidence that influenza C was also epidemic are presented. One of these viruses, the GL 899C strain, was studied in more detail. Its biological and immunological properties and its relation to previously isolated strains were studied. Data were also presented indicating that influenza C infections occurred in other localities throughout the United States. The importance of performing routinely the CRC agglutination and CRC agglutination-inhibition tests at 4°C for the detection of influenza C viruses and antibody titer is stressed.


The numerical algorithms and the software package to model the electro-optical systems with a moving plasma emitter are developed. The proposed algorithms are based on the method of the computational region decomposition. The main point of the method is a computational area divided into two subregions: near-cathode subregion and main subregion. The solution in the near-cathode subregion is found analytically whereas its determination in the main subregion is via numerical methods. The problem to find the position and shape of a plasma boundary is defined as the problem of solving the nonlinear Poincare–Steklov equations. These equations are obtained by the conjugation conditions for an electric field potential and its derivatives on the boundary between the near-cathode and main subregions. These equations are approximated by the system of nonlinear operator equations that is solved by the efficient version of the descent method. This paper provides examples of the methodological and practical problem solutions.


A flexible submerged breakwater called "flexible mound", made of an elastic membrane bag filled with water, has been developed for wave control in shallow water as an advanced alternative to the conventional rigid submerged design. Experimental studies were carried out to compare the characteristics of the wave dissipation by flexible mound with those by rigid models. The appropriate ranges of important parameters affecting the efficiency of the flexible type were identified. Numerical studies were also conducted to investigate the mechanism of wave absorption by the flexible structure. To verify the stability and utility of the flexible mound, additional experimental studies were performed using a prototype model. A design concept involved in an actual field construction of the flexible breakwater is also presented. Introduction With more than 30,000 km of coastlines surrounded by rough seas, detached breakwaters, made of concrete blocks, are commonplace in the coastal scenery of Japan. Although these structures serve the intended purpose of shore protection, their undesirable effects on the scenic value of shorelines have been questioned recently. For development of marine recreational zones, there is a particularly strong demand for invisible yet safe and effective wave control methods. Conventional submerged rigid dikes could partially meet this need if it is made very wide with its height close to the water surface. However, it is often too massive for general 1) Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corp., Koto-ku, Tokyo 135, Japan 2) Ohsaki Research Inst., Shimizu Corp., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan 3) Public Works Research Inst., the Ministry of Construction, Tsukuba, ibaraki 305, Japan


In this paper I will present a technique to generate a digital signature for an image, which will uniquely identify it, using Radon transform. Even if Radon based approaches are broadly applicable to tomography (the construction of an image from the projection data related with cross-sectional scans of it), in this research work I will show how it can be successfully utilized to classify images and detect face spoof attacks. This increased popularity of face recognition system has raised disquiets about biometric attacks, where a photo of an authorized person's face could be used by unauthorized individuals to access diverse services. The presented results prove this method offers similar performances to the state of the art and they were obtained using MATLAB 2013 environment and NUAA Photograph Imposter Database.


In this work, we present a new and semi-analytical method to investigate one dimensional Fibonacci-class photonic quasicrystals as an optical waveguide. Usually, the exact method for obtaining band diagram in these situations is very hard and the numerical methods are used. In this paper, we investigate the band structure characteristics of one-dimensional quasicrystals by using perturbation method. In this direction, the band diagram and field distribution of this structure are obtained.


Writing skill is skill that is very useful for students as a means of communication through writing. Writing skills must be applied in the classroom according to the appropriate formulation and obtained through practice. Students must be able to master English vocabulary so that students can tell the story with the right path and easy for readers to understand. In addition to exercise, other factors that influence the quality of writing skill is learning motivation. Learning motivation can improve the quality of learning because students will study seriously if they have high motivation. Motivation can always determine the intensity of the learning effort and learning achievement for students. To find out how much influence motivation has on the ability to write students, the writer  conducted research on students in one of the private schools in South Jakarta, namely MTs. Miftahul Umam. The research subjects were the population of all MTs students. Miftahul Umam, South Jakarta with an affordable population and a sample of class IX students. The research method used was the survey method. The contents of the survey are tests on English vocabulary, tests of motivation obtained from the environment around students and tests for writing narrative texts in English. The results of the study showed sufficient influence from learning motivation and vocabulary mastery together on students' English narrative writing skill.


This article demonstrates the existence of a strong aesthetic kinship between the mise en scène of Robert Lepage and the representational mode of the classical Japanese rock garden. In order to elicit the creative participation of an active spectator, both use such Zen techniques as a radical reduction of scale, or shukukei (miniature landscape); minimalistic material metaphors, or mitate (metaphoric representation); and an asymmetrical, fragmented style, or fusuma-e (fragmented scene). Drawing on the theory and practice of Japanese rock gardening, this article introduces a new critical vocabulary for describing the representational logic, and enlightening effects, of Lepage's approach to 'setting up stones' on the stage in Seven Streams of the River Ota and other works.


Pulsed jet is an effective solution to improve fuel jet penetration depth and consequently increase the mixing efficiency of gas–liquid in conventional combustion chambers. This has the benefits of reducing pollutant emissions and diminishing the instability of fuel combustion. However, the atomization process of pulsed jets with small amplitude has still not been properly investigated. This paper studies such a process through Large Eddy Simulation and a Coupled Level Set and Volume of Fluid method. We investigate the atomization process in a liquid pulsed jet with a subsonic crossflow and the impact of the Strouhal number on atomization morphology and the behavior of the pulsed jet in general. Results show that, with a constant mass flow rate, the role of Rayleigh–Taylor instability is replaced by the periodic fluctuation of the jet velocity, which ends up dominating the primary process of atomization of the liquid transverse pulsed jet. This also improves atomization, in general, and the fragmentation of the jet. We also show that the Strouhal number significantly impacts the penetration depth of the jet, with high values increasing penetration by up to 12%.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the life stories of migrant workers in Israel by analyzing different aspects of the information behavior that emerged from their narratives through a transitional perspective.Design/methodology/approachNarratives are a human way of communication that focuses on the stories people tell about themselves, their inner thoughts, their states of mind and how they perceive their own reality. In total, 20 Spanish-speaking domestic migrant workers were interviewed. The data collected form the narratives were study draws from the transitional theory.FindingsThe holistic phase of the content analysis revealed that participants experienced information poverty based on socioeconomic factors and perceptions of social exclusion, vulnerability and hostile surroundings. The content analysis yielded a theory of transitional information behavior that reflects the three stages of the migration process: ending of a new reality, a period of confusion and a sense of belonging. The theory encompasses four elements: process, disconnectedness, perceptions and patterns of response.Originality/valueThe study proposes an innovative look at information behavior of migrants by integrating a transitional perspective into the life stories of participants.


A water receiving means, which is arranged in a hermetically sealed container and an organometallic compound represented by the formula 1 as drying agent compound and which is obtained by a method comprising mixing the organometallic compound with an organic solvent and substituting at least a portion of the organic solvent comprises by a viscous substitute material: [formula 1] wherein R is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkenyl group, aryl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocyclic group and acyl group, and wherein M is a trivalent metal atom and n is an integer greater is as one, and wherein the viscous substitute material is selected from the group consisting of a long chain hydrocarbon polymer, silicone oil and liquid synthetic rubber.


The surface interactions of alkali with coal and mineral matter have been studied by ESCA to establish a basis for predicting the relative reactivity of alkali with sulfur during coal beneficiation processes. The speciation of sulfur in several coals doped with various alkali salts was determined and quantified following heating of the samples to 375/degree/C in air or N/sub 2/ and after washing them with water. Organic and pyritic sulfur react with the alkali cation when heated, after which the sulfide or oxidized sulfur product can be washed from the coal. The extent of reaction between the alkali salt and sulfur is governed by the size of the cation and the electronic properties of the anion; larger alkali cations are more reactive, as are anions with stronger nucleophilic properties.


The global earthquake disaster happened frequently in recent years, how to guide the construction correctly in seismic area becoming a problem to be solved, while the study on the tunnel geological advanced prediction system in seismic area is limited. This paper established an integrated prediction system which was combined with engineering geology analysis and geophysical method combined with the analysis of the characters and reasons of tunnel disaster in seismic area. And then, based on the forecast results, the interval of the groundwater correction factor K1, main strike-dip of structural surfaces correction factor K2, the initial stress state influence correction factor K3, which affected basic quality indicator of surrounding rock BQ were divided. At last, the dynamic division of tunnel surrounding rock classification was made by using of comprehensive evaluation method of surrounding rock classification. Construction feedback information showed that the forecast results were accurate and it played a good role to guide the tunnel construction.


According to the point of view that journal of science and technology should be beauty,we payed our attention on the cover design,binding and layout design,and the maintenance design work, then,obtained better effectiveness in aesthetics. The work will present a very good forum for those articles published on the journal.


Abstract Imaging in a scanning optical microscope with a detector consisting of an array of rings is considered. It is found that both transverse and axial resolution can be increased simultaneously.


The second joint meeting of experts on targets and indicators for health and well-being in Health 2020 was convened to identify objective well-being indicators to complement the subjective well-being indicator already adopted for Health 2020. The meeting recommended that objective well-being be assessed across four domains: social connections/relationships, economic security/income, natural and built environment, and education. Indicators for these domains were recommended as follows:? two new core indicators (availability of social support for the domain of social connections/relationships; and percentage of the population with improved sanitation facilities for the domain of natural and built environment);? three core indicators already in Health 2020 monitoring (GINI coefficient and unemployment rate, disaggregated by age and sex, for the domain of economic security/income; and percentage of children of primary school age not enrolled for the domain of education);? three new additional indicators (percentage of people aged 65 and over living alone for the domain of social connections/relationships; total household consumption for the domain of economic security/income; and percentage of the population having completed at least secondary education for the domain of education).


In some US metropolitan areas, such as Seattle and Minneapolis, rising numbers of immigrants and refugees in public housing have increased the diversity among assisted housing residents is commonplace and creating new challenges for implementing the redevelopment. However, US redevelopment policy does not recognize this diversity. Responding to this gap, this paper summarizes findings from focus groups with Cambodian, Vietnamese, Somali, and Eritrean immigrant and refugee residents of three US HOPE VI public housing redevelopment sites in the Seattle, Washington, metropolitan area, where each site was at a different stage of redevelopment. Results indicate that these immigrants and refugees recognize their differences from mainstream American society and that public housing serves simultaneously to build and maintain in-group social ties while easing their interaction with the mainstream. Additionally, they experience ambivalent relationships to power, expressing gratitude for government and humanitarian agencies, while experiencing distrust of these and other unfamiliar US institutions such as utility companies or the housing authority itself. In addition to the usual stigma associated with public housing redevelopment or immigrant status, these respondents expressed heightened experience of stigma due to the disdainful judgments of non-subsidized co-ethnics. Their experiences suggest that in some ethnically diverse public housing communities, policies that recognize the diversity of experience can improve public housing redevelopment projects and facilitate the successful adaptation of immigrants and refugees to their adopted homeland.


Spherical γ-MnS crystallites were synthesized with manganese chloride and thioacetamide as source materials and hexa-methylene tetramine(HMTA) as an additive by a microwave hydrothermal process.The influence of the HMTA amount on the phase structure and morphology of the crystallites was investigated by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy,respectively.The results show that the morphology of the products changes from hexagonal columns to hexagonal flakes and self-assembled into spherical crystallites when adding the HMTA of 5 mmol.The surface of the self-assembled spheres becomes smoother,and the corresponding particle size decreases and the particle size distribution becomes narrower when the amount of HMTA increases.The UV-Visible spectrum analysis indicates that the hexagonal flakes self-assembled spherical γ-MnS crystallites have an intensive absorption peak in the ultraviolet spectrum between 300-400 nm.Also,the absorption peak becomes more and more intensive when the amount of the HMTA increases,exhibiting a red shift that may have a potential application prospect in photoelec-tric areas.


Although diuretics are used frequently in patients with acute renal failure (ARF), there is no solid evidence that they are beneficial (Journal Watch Dec 20 2002). In a double-blind randomized trial, French researchers examined whether furosemide improves outcomes in patients with established ARF. The study was supported by the maker of Lasix, …


During the first year of life of Thymallus thymallus (L.) growth has been investigated. The survey of this process in different regions of the vast specific areal has been given. The ecotypical characteristics of the growth of Thymallus thymallus (L.) in the near-by and distant water basins are being discussed.


This paper proposes a method based on Wavelet Transform to determine an adaptive threshold to be used in the segmentation of combined disturbances related to Power Quality. This method is based on the decomposition of electrical signals that contain combined disturbances and uses the calculation of energy and entropy of energy of the second level of decomposition, obtained by Wavelet Transform, to determine an adaptive threshold. The proposed method was applied in signals generated by mathematical models, which contain combined disturbances of voltage sag with flicker, voltage swell with flicker, voltage sag with harmonics, voltage swell with harmonics, transient with voltage sag and transient with voltage swell. The results obtained so far evidence the possibility of identification and temporal detection (initial and final points) of disturbances with adequate accuracy, allowing better segmentation of the signals under analysis.


Determining an effective predictor of clinical drug resistance in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is considered to be important. In this study, the relationship between the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and MRP2, which are the members of ATP-binding cassette superfamily transporter, and of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and the response to chemotherapy were analysed. The expression of P-gp, MRP1, MRP2, and p53 was determined by an immunohistochemical analysis of transbronchial biopsy (TBB) specimens from 61 SCLC patients. The relationship of such expression was also investigated regarding chemotherapy and clinicopathological factors. The response rate in the MRP2-negative group was significantly higher than that in the MRP2-positive group (88% versus 50%). The P-gp-negative group responded significantly better to chemotherapy than the P-gp-positive group, with a response rate of 81% versus 39%. No relationship could be found between the response to chemotherapy and immunostaining for MRP1 or p53. In 37 patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, the response rate of patients in the MRP2-negative group was significantly higher than that in the positive group (92% versus 50%). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, MRP2 as well as P-gp were shown to be statistically significant predictors of chemotherapy resistance. These results suggest that immunostaining of MRP2 for TBB specimens may help to predict clinical resistance to platinum agents. This is the first report which indicates that the immunohistochemical expression of MRP2 is positively related to a clinical resistance to platinum. Chemotherapy plays a major role in the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Although initial high response rates are seen in most cases, nearly 20% of all SCLC are refractory to chemotherapy, in most cases, a relapse is inevitable and long-term survival is rare (1). Some members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transport proteins have been shown to confer drug resistance in vitro, but it is still unclear as to whether the expression of these molecules correlates with clinical drug resistance. The ABC superfamily has an ATP-binding cassette in its molecule, while it also transports drugs at the expense of ATP hydrolysis and acts as a channel and a receptor protein. Among members of the ABC superfamily, Pglycoprotein/multidrug resistance (MDR)1 (encoded by MDR1) (2) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP)1 (encoded by MRP1) (3-5) have been shown to confer resistance to anticancer drugs. P-gp is a member of the ABC superfamily which was first reported by Juliano in 1976 (6), and the relationship between its expression and drug resistance has also been shown in several types of cancer, such as ovarian cancer and lung cancer (7, 8). We have previously reported that a P-gp negative group responded to chemotherapy significantly better than the P-gp positive group in SCLC (8). Like P-gp, MRP1 is overexpressed in numerous drugselected cell lines and it has also been detected in a variety of tumor types (5, 9, 10). MRP1 expression has also been shown to be associated with drug resistance or poor patient outcomes in breast cancer (11), gastric cancer (12), neuroblastoma (13), retinoblastoma (14) and lung cancer (15, 16). Recognizing the potential importance of MRPmediated multidrug resistance has led to a search for additional ABC superfamily members, and, recently, a number of MRP-related human gene products have been identified (17). Of these MRP family genes, MRP2 is also known to be a canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter. The tissue distribution of MRP2 mRNA includes the kidney, peripheral nerves, liver, ileum and 4351 Correspondence to: Koichi Takayama, Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Tel: +81 92 6425378, Fax: +81 92 6425389, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Park-and-ride (P&R) facilities are car parks where users can transfer to public transportation, by which they reach their final destinations. Commuters can use P&R facilities or choose to travel by car to their destinations, and individual choice behavior is assumed to follow a logit model. The P&R facility location problem identifies locations for a fixed number of P&R facilities from among potential locations such that the number of users of the P&R facilities is maximized. This problem has previously been formalized under a multinomial logit (MNL) demand function. However, as it imposes the strong condition of the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA), the MNL model is unable to represent the real-world P&R facility location problem exactly. Respecting the nested structure of individual choice behavior, we generalize the MNL model to a nested logit (NL) model and develop two computational methods—neighborhood search and randomized rounding—to solve large-scale P&R facility location problems under the NL demand function. The neighborhood search method first finds one feasible solution and then improves the feasible solution to the next one along an edge of the polyhedron whose vertices are the feasible solutions. The neighborhood search method is randomized to create an adaptive randomized rounding procedure. Computational experiments verified that the computational methods were able to solve the nonlinear optimization problem under the NL demand function on 1,000 medium-scale instances to exact optimality rapidly. Specifically, the methods were verified to solve the MNL model to exact optimality 10,000 times faster than the mixed integer linear programming formulation described in the literature. We performed additional computational experiments to assess the performance of our computational methods on a variety of large-scale instances. Our computational analysis also elucidates the difference between the MNL and NL models.


White mold, caused by the soilborne fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most destructive diseases of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and is greatly influenced by environmental conditions and certain agronomic practices. A 3-year study (2003 to 2005) evaluated planting date and thiophanate-methyl fungicide applications based on decision aids consisting of blue plate technique, sugar beet Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease forecasting model, and crop phenology (90% bloom). Overall yields were lower in 2003 and higher in 2005, and disease severity was greater in 2004. Planting dry beans in late June to early July resulted in higher levels of disease than planting in late May or mid-June in 2004. Late planting also resulted in lower yields and 100-seed weight in 2004 and 2005 than the early and mid-plantings. Compared to the control and CLS model, fungicide applications based on the blue plate and 90% bloom treatments reduced disease severity in 2004 and 2005, while also increasing 100-seed weight and yields in 2004. Introduction White mold, also known as Sclerotinia wilt, is one of the most important and destructive diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and numerous other oilseed and vegetable crops in temperate growing areas (1,17,20). The disease is caused by the soilborne fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, and is widely distributed throughout the irrigated dry bean areas of western Nebraska and other bean production regions. Spread and development of white mold is highly dependent upon specific weather conditions needed for the pathogen. The disease generally occurs in localized areas and seldom spreads throughout entire fields (17,20). However, the disease can limit yield during cool wet periods or under heavy plant canopies with irrigation near the end of the season. When environmental conditions are conducive, yields and quality are reduced through total seed yield, and yield components such as numbers of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, and number of pods per plant (5,6,22,26). Loss estimates in Nebraska from white mold have averaged as high as 20%, with several individual fields suffering up to 65% yield reductions (5,6). The pathogen survives in the soil as mycelium in debris and as sclerotia that can remain viable for 5 or more years in soil, assuring a source of infection when a host crop is planted (5,17,19,20). Sclerotia are the most important means of initiating infections in bean (17,21,22,26). In Nebraska, these survival structures germinate to form mushroom-like apothecia beneath the canopy that release infective ascospores as initial inoculum (Fig. 1). Ascospores require an exogenous energy source to infect living tissues (17,20,21). Typically for dry beans in this region, old blossoms on soil or plant surfaces serve as this nutrient source. After blossom colonization, the mycelium can infect adjacent green 1 July 2010 Plant Health Progress pods, leaves, or stems within 2 to 3 days (5,6,21), resulting in symptoms and signs consisting of bleached stems (Fig. 2), wilting, watery soft rot, and white fungal growth (1,17,19,20,21). White mold has been a production problem for more than 50 years, yet cultural and chemical management methods developed to date have had varying degrees of success (17,19,21). In fact, many cultural strategies to reduce white mold such as reduced plant vigor, fertilizer, and irrigation also can reduce yield potential (20). The life cycle of the pathogen and complex environmental conditions needed for conditioning sclerotia, production of ascospores, and infection make predictive methods very difficult to implement (19). No single practice will completely prevent infection and limit yield losses. Thus disease management based on integrating multiple techniques provides the best approach for reducing white mold in dry beans while maintaining yield potential. This study was conducted over a 3-year period to evaluate effects of planting dates and fungicide applications based on the use of decision aids, including the blue plate test (23) and a forecasting model originally developed for the sugar beet fungal foliar disease, Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) (7,25). These treatments were compared with a standard application made at 90% bloom, and an untreated control. Decision Aids The blue plate technique assessed the presence and relative density of S. sclerotiorum ascospores in fields over a certain time. Petri dishes containing a semi-selective medium were placed under bean canopies for 3 h during late morning to early afternoon, coinciding with peak spore release and deposition (20,23,26). Airborne ascospores land and germinate on plates, producing colonies that induce a medium color change from blue to yellow within the agar due to oxalic acid production by the pathogen, which is a primary determinant for infection and pathogenicity. The medium contains bromophenol blue, a pH indicator that changes from blue to yellow at pH ≤ 4.7. The medium promotes germination of S. sclerotiorum ascospores while also suppressing the growth of other common fungal and bacterial contaminants (23). For the blue plate decision aid treatment, 12 blue plates with lids removed were placed within rows on the soil surface between plants under plant canopies (two plates per plot, one in each of the two middle rows 3 m from each end) (Fig. 3). This was performed approximately 1 week after 50% bloom (50% of plants have at least one open flower). After 3 h, plates were covered, removed from the field, brought into the laboratory and incubated in the dark at 22 ± 2°C for 3 days. Colonies with yellow zones surrounding them were considered to be positive for S. sclerotiorum (Fig. 4). Fig. 1. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum apothecia arising from conditioned sclerotia. Close-up of apothecia showing cup-shaped structure that produces infective ascospores (inset). Fig. 2. White mold symptoms of bleached white stems (left) vs. healthy yellow-green color (right). 1 July 2010 Plant Health Progress The germination rate of S. sclerotiorum ascospores on this medium is relatively high (91 to 94%) (23). Resulting colonies on plates from the field were verified as S. sclerotiorum when black sclerotia were produced in plates 8 to 10 days later. Less than 5% of putative colonies could not be verified (unpublished data), thus validating the blue plate technique for accurately identifying S. sclerotiorum. Temperatures less than 30°C (optimal 25°C) with 12 to 16 h of leaf wetness are prerequisites for white mold development (3,5,6,20,26). The CLS forecasting system was developed in the late 1980s specifically for western Nebraska (7,25). This model is well known and has been routinely implemented by growers and consultants as a management tool for another yield-limiting fungal disease in the Central High Plains for more than 15 years (4). It was included as a comparison to the blue plate test since environmental conditions favorable for both diseases are similar (high humidity, wet, closed plant canopies, and moderate temperatures) (3,4,19,25,26). The pathogen, Cercospora beticola, requires 11 to 12 h of leaf wetness and day temperatures of 25 to 35°C with night temperatures above 16°C for infection and growth (4,7,25). The CLS model determines daily infection values (DIV) based on the number of hours of leaf wetness or high relative humidity (> 90%) and concurrent average temperature during this period. If the 2-day sum of the DIV's is seven or greater, the conditions over that previous 48-h period are assumed to have been conducive for infection and further disease development (4), and a fungicide application for this treatment was made the first time this model estimated DIVs greater than seven. Evaluating Planting Date and Decision Aid Treatments Tests were conducted from 2003 to 2005 at the Panhandle Research and Extension Center in Scottsbluff, NE, on land with a history of S. sclerotiorum infestation. This site had been continually cropped with dry beans or sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.), another known host, for several years prior to initiation of the experiment. The study consisted of three planting dates (late May, mid-June, and late June/early July) (Table 1) utilizing the great northern dry bean cultivar 'Harris' (2) and four treatments timed with decision aids. The experimental design was a split plot with six replications per treatment. Planting dates were assigned to the main plots, and decision aid treatments to sub-plots. Each subplot consisted of four rows on 55-cm centers, each 12 m in length. The four subplot treatments included: (i) untreated control; (ii) fungicide application when blue plate count thresholds reached ≥ 5 positive colonies per plate, or when 80% of plates had at least one positive colony (23); (iii) fungicide application based on optimal conditions for disease development for C. beticola as estimated by the CLS forecasting model (7,25); and (iv) fungicide application at 90% bloom. A single fungicide application per treatment was performed with a back pack sprayer utilizing thiophanate-methyl at 1.7 kg/ha. Fig. 3. Open blue plate placed under a dry bean canopy to monitor Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ascospore deposition. Fig. 4. Blue plates from field after incubation (note yellow spots on media): (A) more than ten Sclerotinia sclerotiorum colonies without contaminants; (B) two S. sclerotiorum colonies with other fungal contaminants. 1 July 2010 Plant Health Progress Table 1. Dry bean planting dates, rainfall amounts, and number of days with temperature above 35°C before and after flowering (when 50% of the plants have at least one open flower) in Nebraska from 2003 to 2005. x 28 May, 10 June, and 24 June 2003; 28 May, 15 June, and 2 July 2004; and 27 May, 15 June, and 28 June 2005. Furrow irrigation was used initially for emergence and stand establishment, after which sprinkler irrigation was applied every 3 days in July, August, and early September, regardl


I cannot provide a definitive answer to those of us pondering what the best alternative to capitalism is, but after attending the Pacific Northwest Labor History Association (PNLHA) Conference in Westminster, British Columbia, over the weekend of May 28–30, 1999, I can tell you that this is certainly a preferable alternative to standard academic conferences. As usual, the PNLHA was able to produce a cadre of historians (from the trades as well as academia), active unionists, and old-timers whose memories are as tapable as a keg of beer. Although the association designates labor history as its subject, newly elected President Ross Rieder likes to say, "History ends the moment before now."


The primary objective of this paper was to create awareness about the effect of teamwork on the work performance of employees. The study was done to create this awareness mainly among the professionals of industries in the sector of information technology. The sample population was selected from Chennai, as most of the IT companies are headed over there. The author has taken the team work as an independent variable and the dependent variable was the work performance of professionals. Simple random sampling was employed for selecting the sample needed for the study. For the purposes of the study only 10 samples were fixed as the sample size. In order to find out which variable of teamwork, among all, is having the highest influence on the work performance of the professionals, regression was employed on the data so collected.


The rapid innovation of technology in smartphones, increase the no of people using internet using a smartphone. Cloud computing is shifting the mode of data usage. Thereby having an effect on mobile usage. Cloud computing is viewed as the prospect of Internet services. Cloud computing faces a lots of obstacles, among it the prime concern is Quality of Services (QoS), how a mobile service provider can ensure quality of service, for its users. As a result of this here, we provide a QoS management system for Mobile Cloud Computing using QOS aware algorithm for MCC taking in to consideration QoS factors such as Bandwidth, battery life, latency, computational power, packet loss ratio, etc. Using Simulation, we calculate the efficiency of the planned system


The relationship between cAMP,cGMP and bronchail asthma is summarized and analyzed.It show that the changes of contents of cAMP and cGMP perhaps are one of key median links in asthmatic pathogenesis.The anti-asthmatic effect of traditional Chinese and western medicine is all concerned with increasing the content of cAMP,correcting the ratio of cAMP and cGMP.So it is of important practical significance in exploring the pathogenesis and pharmacodynamics of Chinese herbs from the aspect of changes in contents of cAMP and cGMP in asthma.


The Walloon Subgroup (WSG) of the Surat Basin is the largest coal seam gas (CSG) producing region in Australia. Knowledge gaps exist on the nature, source and controls on the CSG and coproduced groundwater and understanding these processes is vital to enable the effective management and regulation of these finite resources.This study identified the spatial and temporal controls on the composition of the WSG groundwaters and gases. Geochemical and isotopic data were interpreted against geological context (stratigraphic and tectonic) to determine the dominant processes controlling the down-dip geochemical evolution and composition of WSG gas and co-produced groundwater. The three main CSG production regions in this study (Roma, Undulla Nose and Kogan Nose) are located close to the subcrop of the WSG, along the northern and eastern margins of the Surat Basin. This thesis first investigated the geochemical characteristics of the gas and co-produced groundwater from production wells across the basin. Second, the dominant hydrochemical fluid-rock interaction processes that influence the geochemical composition of the groundwater as well as the controls on spatial variability were identified by tracing solute sources and fluid-rock interactions. Strontium isotope (87Sr) data from groundwater and sequentially leached host rock samples were interpreted against mineralogical and lithological data. Finally, a process-based approach was used to interpret a combination of tracer (36Cl, 14C, 87Sr, 18O) and hydrochemical data to identify the main geochemical processes and thus controls on the WSG groundwater composition.Distinct regional and sub-regional spatial trends were identified in both the CSG and groundwater geochemistry across the production regions of the WSG, reflecting the different lithology of adjacent recharge zones, a variety of fluid-rock interactions, microbial influences and the extent of methanogenesis. Walloon Subgroup CSG is biogenic with microbially mediated CO2 reduction as the dominant in situ methane generation process across all production areas. In isolation, methane carbon stable isotope values (ẟ13C-CH4 -57 ‰ to -44.5 ‰) suggest a mixed thermogenic/biogenic gas source; however, deuterium isotopic difference [Δ2H(H2O-CH4)] values, cross-plots of δ2HH2O and δ18O-H2O and positive ẟ13C-CO2 (8 ‰ to 26 ‰) indicate mainly biogenic sources.Regional variations in groundwater geochemistry are initially influenced by differences in recharge lithologies across the production regions. Salinity is lowest in the Roma area due to direct recharge into the WSG outcrop, while higher salinities in the Undulla Nose and Kogan Nose regions are due to the subcrop being overlain by Quaternary Sands and the Condamine Alluvium, respectively.Palaeo-recharge and groundwater flow-paths for the WSG were found to be more complex than initially interpreted with groundwater composition heavily impacted by low-temperature fluid-rock processes such as silicate weathering and hyperfiltration in addition to cation exchange. The overall low transmissivity of the WSG has had a direct impact on the dominance of local fluid-rock interactions and consequently cosmogenic tracers (36Cl, 14C) have reached background levels within 15 km of the subcrop. Thus, the WSG functions as a stagnant aquitard with groundwater flow velocities less than 0.1 m/y. Roma groundwaters are likely younger than those on the eastern side of the basin indicating a simpler or more direct flow-path, while groundwater flow on the eastern side of the basin is more complex and open to interpretation. Groundwater flow-paths as indicated by hydrochemistry do not completely align with hydraulic pressure data with the pressure data likely reflecting anthropogenic influences or a reversal of flow direction in the Undulla Nose region. This has implications for estimating recharge rates of the WSG, with the margins of the Surat Basin long considered a major recharge zone for the Great Artesian Basin.Across the WSG, shallow subsurface chemical and microbial reactions initially dominate the geochemical composition of the meteoric groundwater but are then overprinted by the actions of sulfate reducers and methanogens resulting in groundwater with the typical geochemical signature of CSG water in basins across the world (low SO4, Ca, Mg and high HCO3, Na, Cl). However, as distance and depth increase further, low temperature fluid-rock interactions then begin to influence the groundwater composition.This research illustrates the utility of interpreting geochemical data against structural features and lithology within sedimentary basins to determine the source, nature and groundwater flow-paths within basins and serves as a validation tool for currently undertaken flow modelling exercises in the Surat Basin. As the first study involving production regions across both sides of the Surat Basin, these findings have relevance for the effective monitoring and management of water and gas resources of the WSG and the wider Surat Basin. Understanding the timing of methanogenesis, relative to recharge, discharge and flow paths in the WSG may have implications for other biogenic gas plays around the world.


Population age structure and spatial pattern are central issues in population ecology.In this study,10 transects were investigated along altitudinal gradient(1000—1800m) within the distribution range of Quercus liaotungensis in Donglin Mountian to analyzing the altitudinal variation of the population size structure and spatial pattern of Quercus liaotungensis.The results showed that the mean diameter at breast height(DBH) of the population has two variation range along the altitudinal gradient,altitude 1480m is the border of these range.In each altitudinal range,mean DBH increase with altitudinal gradient.This is due to different developing history of each population along altitudinal gradient.Population density,population spatial cluster and population structure are similar with mean DBH along altitudinal gradient.Population density and population spatial cluster are negative related to mean DBH and has decrease trend along altitudinal gradient.The populations along the altitudinal gradient are in stable state in Dongling Mountain,Beijing,China.The paper argued that the altitudinal variation of the population size structure and spatial pattern of Quercus liaotungensis are the synthesis of population history,species traits,environmental,and disturbance along the altitudinal gradient.


In the late works of María Zambrano (1904–1991), the author presents exile as a particular kind of experience, by which the structure and arquitectonics of human existence become visible. Similarly, in his posthumously published Passagen-Werk Walter Benjamin (1892–1940) introduces the flanêur – which he repeatedly likens to the immigrant or exile – as the representation of a particular kind of gaze, disclosing the arquitectonics and structure of capitalist bourgeois society. In this article, I suggest that the notions of figura and dialektisches Bild from the authors' respective works are connected to an exile mode of perception, centred on the problem of translatability across cultural and linguistic borders. I believe that the similarities between the two authors can be explained by a reading which contextualizes them as a political generation with a shared experience of exilic boundary-crossing.


The paper from the influence factors of cellphone localizing design,absorb excellent idea of Chinese traditional culture in cellphone shape and decoration design,and the influence of brand culture to cellphone design,analysis the influence of Chinese cultural to cellphone localizing design.Advocate the local elements integrate in cellphone design,embody Chinese culture connotation,thus Chinese culture in cellphone design have better inheriting.


The first significant breakup of a satellite in Earth orbit in nearly a year occurred on 4 May 2006 when a 20-year-old Soviet rocket body fragmented without warning. This was the fifth time since 1988 that a launch vehicle orbital stage of this type experienced a spontaneous explosion after spending many years in a dormant state. A little more than a month later, a Russian Proton fourth stage ullage motor broke-up, the 34 th on-orbit fragmentation of this component type since 1984. A Tsyklon third stage (International Designa-tor 1985-108B, U.S. Satellite Number 16263) had been used to insert Cosmos 1703 into an orbit of 635 km by 665 km with an inclination of 82.5°. At the time of the May breakup, the orbit of the rocket body had decayed slightly to about 610 km by 640 km, and the vehicle was flying over northern Scan-dinavia. More than 50 debris were large enough (> 5 cm) to be tracked by the U.S. Space Surveillance Network (SSN). Of these, 49 had been officially cataloged by mid-June. The accompanying figure indicates the orbits of 44 debris, including the main remnant of the orbital stage, about one week after the event. Although the lowest perigees were greater than 500 km, some of the debris exhibited significant decay rates, indicating that their area-to-mass ratios were noticeably higher than typical debris. Nine debris had already reentered by mid-June, and a total of two dozen or more debris are expected to reenter by mid-August. Consequently, the overall effect of the breakup on the near-Earth environment should be minor. The cause of the breakup of the previous four stages of this type has been linked to the presence of residual propellants (NASA JSC Technical continued on page 2 Debris cloud (44 pieces) of the Tsyklon third stage six days after it broke-up on 4 May 2006. The main remnant of the stage is highlighted with circles.


Abstract The Sundsta granite is a reddish acidic granite, situated in the Western Pregothian mega-unit in Varmland, south-western Sweden. Its Rb-Sr whole-rock age is 1566 ±39 Ma with an initial ratio of 0.705 ±0.003. The region is dominated by grey, migmatized granitoids presumably belonging to the Amal-I group which has ages of 1650–1700 Ma. The marked difference in degree of migmatization between these two rock-units may indicate that the intrusion of the Sundsta granite post-dates the main migmatization phase of the Amal-I granitoid in this region.


This research examines the differential impact of the importance of internally and externally sourced information and knowledge and their relationship to absorptive capacity and firm performance. In addition, this analysis deals directly with the unobservable heterogeneity amongst firms that is generally viewed as the raison d'etre for a unique resource-based perspective of organizational performance. Latent class, finite mixture regression models are used that show that a single model relating knowledge sourcing, absorptive capacity and firm performance is inadequate in explaining even a minor portion of the variation which is seen between firms.


While the number of the vehicle actuated with liquid fuels are settled, the count of electric vehicles is increasing. For the present moment most of them are scheduled for daily urban usage. This paper presents an analytical approach for estimation of the impact of electrical vehicle (EV) battery charging on the distribution grid. Based on the EV charge profile, load curve and local distributed generation the grid nodes, the time variation of grid parameters is obtained. A set of typical load profiles of EV charging modes is studied and presented. A software implementation and a 24h case study of low voltage distribution network with EV charging devices is presented in order to illustrate the approach and the impacts of EV charging on the grid. In the current paper an approach using variable nonlinear algebraic equations for dynamic time domain analysis of the charge of the electric vehicles is presented. Based on the results, the challenges due to EV charging in distribution networks including renewable energy sources are discussed. This approach is widely applicable for various EV charging and distributed energy resources studies considering control algorithms, grid stability analysis, smart grid power management and other power system analysis problems.


The article deals with the most crucial components of the current political and institutional crisis in Venezuela. A brief historical deflection into the events of 1989-2020 was made, which indicate, among other things, deep-seated left-wing political views and feelings amidst the majority of the population. This situation serves as a solid platform for strengthening the role of the ruling PSUV party and the present head of State, N. Maduro, in the country's domestic politics. The political and institutional crisis in the above-mentioned oil-rich South American country has expanded sharply, after being elected Juan Guaidó, a representative of the opposition party VP («People's Will») as a Chairman of the National Assembly on January 5, 2019. He challenged the prevailing President, declaring himself as the Acting head of State just on January 23, 2019. In this context, the key social and economic aftermaths of the crisis in present-day Venezuela are revealed, in particular, such as the GDP contraction, hyperinflation, growth of the population living in extreme economic poverty, an increase of Venezuelans forced to leave the country due to, above all, obvious signs of a humanitarian crisis. Deepening of the Venezuelan society in destructive processes, escalating of the political debates at the level of parties' leaders, a lack of the transparent discussion in the public arena concerning the country's future, to be a necessary condition for realizing the citizen's rights to democratic choice, appear as consequences of the failure of Guaidó's strategy. It was built in particular on the desired, but not achieved cessation the usurpation of power by Maduro. The postures of the main international players (USA, EU, OAS, «Lima Group», International Contact Group) are outlined with regard to the assessments of the domestic situation in Venezuela and suggestions for resolving the political crisis and restoring democracy in this country, in particular via introducing sanctions against Venezuelan officials and legal entities, as well as establishing a constructive dialogue between Maduro and the opposition. The main items of Ukraine's official position on the «Venezuelan issue» had also been notified. In a nutshell, a conclusion is made that for a certain category of Ukrainian voters and for the majority of Venezuelans, despite the obvious differences, the issue of the public administration model remains rhetorical, authoritative, as an outcome of the improvement of democratization, or authoritarian one.


In an effort to cope with the large number of beggars, homeless, and street children. The Governmentof Malang has made Regionalregulation No. 9 on 2013 about handling beggars, homeless, and street children. The purpose of this regional regulation is to reduce the number of beggars, homeless, and street children in Malang and so, there is no abuse of street children community. Beggars can be defined as earning people by asking publicly in various ways both in the form of singing and other reasons to expect compassion from others. Homeless are people who live in a state which is not in accordance with the norms of decent living in the local community and do not have a place to stay and work that remains in certain areas and lives wandering in public places. Street children are children who spend most of their time doing their living activities on the streets, whether for a living or roaming the streets or other public places. This research uses descriptive research and qualitative method in order to describe the implementation of Regional Regulation of Malang No. 9 on 2013 about the handling of beggars, homeless and street children. The study was taken in the Social Service of Malang City, Public Order Enforces Unit Malang, field facilitator, and assisted citizens who are get handling. Data collection techniques were collected by using observation, interview and documentation. The theory used in this research is Public Policy. The results show that the implementation of Regional Regulations No. 9 on 2013 in handling beggars, homeless, and street children run in accordance with existing planning strategies on the content of regional regulations. In the raid conducted by Public Order Enforces in cooperation with the Social Service is good enough. But, there are also some obstacles namely the lack of financial resources in the provision of services of facilities and infrastructure such as the construction of temporary shelters as a shelter for the assisted citizens. It will hamper the implementation of the curbing. Furthermore, in the handling done by the Department of Social Affairs and cooperate with various implementers of the Department of Health, Education Office, SMK, University, NGO, BLK, and UPT Social rehabilitation. In accordance with the Regional Regulation of Malang City No. 9 on 2013, the Government of Malang especially Social Office is running programs from the Ministry of Social that is called as "DesakuMenanti". Itbuilts in the form of "kampungtopeng" as tourist destination. Here the beggars, homeless and street children are handled to reach better economic prosperity. Social Service is currently focusing on supervising the handling in "kampung topeng" as tourist destination. There are 40 head of households (KK) and also 153 people that are living there. It can be concluded that the implementation of the local regulation is still not maximized. It can be seen that there are still a lot of beggars, homeless and street children that can be found in Malang city due to the lack of human resources and infrastructure facilities in handling.


At high temperature, RSOA display negligible spatial hole burning which limits their modulation bandwidth. Still, we demonstrate direct modulation at 60°C up to 10 Gbit/s and 5 Gbit/s for C- and O-band RSOA.


Neonatal cephalohematomas are known complications of traumatic deliveries, and the majority of cases resolve without intervention. Scalp abscesses are rare and often described as benign complications of fetal scalp monitoring. Spontaneous drainage of a neonatal cephalohematoma, with or without associated scalp abscess, has not yet been described. We present a case of a neonate with recurrent Escherichia coli bacteremia and spontaneous drainage of a large cephalohematoma through an overlying scalp abscess.


The problem of estimating adaptively and tracking two-dimensional direction of arrival(DOA) of coherent sources with a sparsely spaced electromagnetic vector-sensor array is studied.A new pre-processing method called polarization difference smoothing algorithm(PSDA) is firstly proposed to decorrelate sources' coherency,and is coupled with the propagator to estimate the coherent sources' DOA without eigenvalue decomposition into the signal and noise subspaces.The proposed PSDA-propagator can outperform its counterparts based on polarization smoothing algorithm(PSA) in a spatially nonuniform noise environment.In order to estimate adaptively DOA or track the time-varying DOA promptly,the leastmean -square(LMS) or normalized LMS(NLMS) algorithm is combined to estimate the instantaneous propagator,and the approximate Newton method is used to update the azimuths/elevations.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has good adaptive estimation and tracking abilities.


To ivestigate ocular hemodynamics with color Doppler imagine(CDI),115 Patients with primary closedangle glaucoma(PCG) were studied.Results: In acute angle-closure glaucoma and chronic angle-closure glaucoma,peak systolic velocity(PSV)、end diastolic velocity(EDV) and average velocity(AV) of the ophthalmic artery(OA) and the central retinal artery(CRA)reduced,resistive index(RI) and pulsatility index(PI) of OA and CRA ascended.In blood flow parameter,the variance of acute angle-closure glaucoma acute lhase was large,the variance of chronic angle-closure was inferior,the variance of acute angle-closure glaucoma chromic phase was small. Blood flow relocities of OA and CRA in PCG were lower than those in the nomal sudjucts,the resistance of the blood flow increase,ocular blood circulation obstacle.


The comparison of metal specifications of different national origins should include not only chemical composition and mechanical property numbers, but also additional factors, such as metallurgical effects, product form effects, test acceptance criteria and differences in specification philosophy.


Private educational institutions are established by social organizations, socio-professional organizations, economic organizations or individuals when permitted by competent state agencies. The source of investment in the construction of infrastructures and the maintenance of operating funds of private educational institutions is the non-state budget. The main purpose of this study is to empirically test the private upper secondary education in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The author collected secondary data from previous studies. The results of the research show that (i) Class and School size; (ii) Administrative officials and teachers; (iii) Facilities; (iv) Implementation of teaching and educating activities; including: The development of action plans; teaching activities; about extracurricular activities, job orientation and education outside the classroom. Based on the findings, some recommendations are given to improve the quality of private upper secondary education.