There has been a lot of reading of literature before Pandemic from various angles. But the Pandemic comes as a turning point affecting life at each and every level. The paper will use Pandemic as a method, not as a field. It will look at Pradip Kumar Patra's poems and show how it reflects aging, disease and death. The study will be a kind of re-reading because the purpose will be to show the physical decadence of humanity in relation to mental change. It will take into consideration the poet's seven volumes of poems namely Panoramic Shillong, Summer Implications, The Winding Path, Denouement, Dewy Morning, Midnight Divinity, The Rain Speaks. At the background, the paper will also discuss the similar issues in relation to a few contemporary Indian poets writing in English. It will also use trauma as a method for successfully exploring the issues relating to Pandemic. The paper attempts to examine Patra's select poems that elucidate the phenomenon of aging, disease and death. Moreover, it tries to encapsulate a kind of link between aging and disease with trauma and pain. The main objective of this paper lies in its delineation of death as a form of physical and mental struggle. The theorising link between aging and death and disease and trauma mark the basis of Patra's poetic philosophy. This paper analyses the select poems of Patra from the perspective of trauma and pain. It examines the way Patra's select poems envisage his realisation and awareness about aging, disease and death. The qualitative approach makes the study more focussed and substantial. Patra posits a new proportion towards understanding the value of living and experiencing the pain of death. The sustainability of this relationship finds an important room in the select poems of Patra. The paper directs on the poet's functional self in emphasising the underlying association between life and death and living and dying. The study re-reads patra's select poems as from Pandemic angle. It gives special insistence on the traumatised self and strategic philosophy.


Multicarrier basis functions and related issues are overviewed in this article with an emphasis on filtered multitone (FMT) modulation for VDSL. The combination of filtering, small amounts of excess bandwidth, multicarrier channel partitioning, and some equalization are shown to allow a good match for spectrum management and performance challenges in VDSL transmission. The FMT basic functions are overviewed in the context of filter banks, with appropriate changes for nonzero excess bandwidth.


In this study, the physicochemical properties of 65 different milk samples produced and brought to the Vocational School laboratories for some basic analysis in Susurluk Region of Balikesir Province; in winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons were compared. In this context, 40 of the all milk samples were supplied from different milk collectors in the Susurluk region and the remaining 25 were supplied from milk production farms around Susurluk. Some analyzes were made to determine which are the pH and total acidity (%lactic acid), dry matter (%), fat (%), protein (%) and density (g ml-1) values of the milk samples obtained. The analysis results are in line with the results of studies conducted in similar scope and the values specified in the Turkish Food Codex


Background: As a tool to investigate the experiences of six primary emotions, Davis, Panksepp, and Normansell [1] developed the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS). However, the psychometric properties of the ANPS have been questioned, and in particular the factor structure. This study replicates earlier psychometric studies on ANPS in a sample of (546) personality disordered patients, and also includes ANPS-S, a recent short version of ANPS by Pingault and colleagues [2], and a truncated version of BANPS by Barrett and colleagues [3].


A design hotel is a category of hotel, which is specialized by creative spaces and individualized services. It has been an opportunity to small-sized hotel among major franchised hotel market. One of the main reason of this success is rapid adaptation of complex and diverse needs of customers to various architectural elements of design hotel. From this success, we can learn that rapid response of targeted customers is a key of success. To response rapidly changing customers need, analyzing architectural elements composing hotel spaces will be an essential process. However, a research on analyzing customer characteristics and find its relation to architectural elements have not been reported yet to authors knowledge. Therefore, main goal of this paper is construction of design hotel retrieval system by analyzing the architectural elements by an ontology. We construct architectural elements ontology by studying design hotels built in recent period, to investigate applicability of analyzed data in design hotel planning process. To this end, similarities between design hotels and difference of architectural presentation styles are investigated based on the fact that design hotels are designed for targeted customers characteristics. Based on this results, we aim to provide intuitive information for future design hotel development.


Determining when the tool shall be replaced is critical in automated drilling processes. Monitoring drilling wear state helps to take the decision. This could prevent tool breakage and significantly reduce machine downtime. Currently, the tool is replaced after a predetermined number of machined workpieces. This method is not satisfactory due to a wide spread for tool life. Drill wear is a progressive process. It takes place at the contact tool-workpiece with elevated temperatures at the interface. It is a stochastic process for many reasons: bluntness of the chisel edge, a dead centre, a great difference in cutting speed between the centre and the periphery. A wearing diagnosis method in drilling has been developed in the frame of the ESPRIT project 2349 "Fault tolerance in the control and management of production systems." This method is based on vibration measurement during the cutting operation and a pattern recognition technique for classification.<<ETX>>


Objective To determine whether nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV) was available and safe for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome(RDS). Methods The study was carried out from Jan.to Dec.2010 at the Fourth Hospital of Shijia-zhuang City,and 30 cases with clinical signs of RDS were given a trial of NIPPV.In comparison to the cases from Mar.2009 to Nov.2010,34 cases with RDS were assigned randomly as nasal continuous positive airway pressure(NCPAP),with the neonatal gestation age30 weeks.There were no statistical differences in neonatal gestation age and birth weight between the both groups.They were diagnosed as RDS(stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ) and received pulmonary surfactant treatment;no severe complications were found. Results The duration of NIPPV was significantly shorter than that of NCPAP(P0.05).Mechanical ventilation rate by NIPPV was less than that by NCPAP,and there was no increase in mortality rate and pneumothorax.The ventilator parameters at 2 h between the NIPPV and the NCPAP groups were not statistically different(P0.05),but the ventilator parameters had statistically significant differences at 12 h,24 h and 36 h.In both groups,fraction of inspiration O2 at 12 h,24 h and 36 h,was statistically different(Pa0.05);positive end-expiratory pressure at 12 h,24 h and 36 h was statistically different(P0.05);there was no difference of pH ratio at 2 h(P0.05),but there was statistical difference of pH ratio at 12 h,24 h and 36 h between both groups.Arterial blood oxygen pressure at 12 h was not statistically different(P0.05),but it was statistically different at 24 h and 36 h(Pa0.05).There was no incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 12 cases with very low birth weight infants by NIPPV and in 10 cases with extra low birth weight infants by NCPAP. Conclusions Among preterm infants with RDS,the use of NIPPV is effective,and reintubation and mechanical ventilation are not needed compared to the use of NCPAP.


VEGFR combination product comprising a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a mTOR selective kinase inhibitor, and thus there is provided a method for generating anti-cancer effect in a useful, patient for treatment of a patient's arm.


The main objective of organising multimodal transport is to meet the public's demand for transport services as much as possible while making the most efficient use of rolling stock. In order to determine the efficiency of a transport system the paper proposes that it should be viewed as a collection of different local transport systems. The issue of organising multimodal transport is related to many aspects of passenger services and rail transport operations (forecasting passenger flows, developing combined train schedules, features of the TH (transfer hub) and station complexes, etc.). The article details the way multimodal passenger chains are represented in the form of graphical models. The goals of using the constructed graphs are defined: solving problems of visualisation and analysis of multimodal transport chains as well as solving the complex problem of optimising the scheduling and planning of vehicle stops at passenger transfer points. It has been shown that the main requirements for organising this type of passenger transport are to minimise the total travel time of vehicles in order to reduce management costs for operators and to maximise the number of passengers carried in order to better meet passenger demand.


In the time of information explosion,the word "educatee"can not describe teaching activities accurately,so we ought to use the word "learner"instead.Because of that,an ideal teacher-student relationship should be full of trust,respect and multiple communication.Both Teachers and students can develop themselves in that ideal teacher-student relationship.


In this article, we introduce a set of online power quality monitor who is based on DSP (Digital Signal Processor). The monitor makes full use of DSP chip's strong operation capability. It can monitor power quality online, display real-time measure data and save super scalar data, which can provide accurate data to power quality evaluation and improvement. On the hardware side, the system takes DSP and CPLD as core of power parameter detection circuit, and complex programmable logic device (CPLD) and phase-locked loop (PLL) as synchronous sampling circuit, TO the software, designed relative software arithmetic. At the same time, the main program of electric power parameter detection was introduced. Experiments show the proposed system is of fast response, high accuracy, and real-time processing.


Conformal slit maps play a fundamental theoretical role in analytic function theory and potential theory. A lesser-known fact is that they also have a key role to play in applied mathematics. This review article discusses several canonical conformal slit maps for multiply connected domains and gives explicit formulae for them in terms of a classical special function known as the Schottky–Klein prime function associated with a circular preimage domain. It is shown, by a series of examples, that these slit mapping functions can be used as basic building blocks to construct more complicated functions relevant to a variety of applied mathematical problems.

 doi:10.1017/S1446181112000119


Information networking,as an important-developed content in hotel,has an increasing impact on hotel industry.By analyzing statistics of website's overall situation of star hotels in three cities-Shanghai,Nanjing and Hangzhou,and comparing with the information networking among the same star hotels,this paper has pointed out the difference in the information networking of star hotels in the three cities,and analyzed the reasons of the difference.Finally,this paper has proposed the relative measures to these problems.


The aim of this work is to study the effect of cooking on several physicochemical parameters, antioxidant content and antioxidant activity of the flesh of two varieties of squash (Taankikth and Temdewarth), belonging to the species Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita moschata respectively, collected to Timezrit, are evaluated. The results show that raw Taankikth is richer in antioxidants (carotenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids), that Temdewarth flood. The steaming is the best treatment to minimize the loss of polyphenols. The reducing power of Taankikth is higher than in fresh Temdewarth; the best value obtained after curing is Taankikth steamed (43.310 ± 0.198 mg EAA/100g MF). Taankikth cooked in boiling water has the best antiradical activity and chelation of ferrous iron. The results of this study show the variation in antioxidant content in the flesh of two squash examined.


The paper discusses the virial equation for the osmotic pressure of a polyelectrolyte solution. The formal relationship between the osmotic coefficient and distribution functions can be straightforwardly integrated if the correlation between simple ions is neglected. This assumption is proved to be equivalent to the approximation inherent in the Poisson–Boltzmann equation. In the resulting expression, the osmotic coefficient is determined by the concentration of the counterions adjacent to the polyion. In addition, the counterion–counterion contribution to the osmotic coefficient is found to be independent of the polyelectrolyte concentration, and equal to λ/2. The comparison with the Monte Carlo calculations yields the conclusion that the Poisson–Boltzmann equation overestimates the counterion–counterion, and underestimates the counterion–polyion contribution to the osmotic coefficient.


Without a violence risk assessment designed for people with an intellectual disability (ID), assessors are reliant upon tools developed for mainstream offenders or develop their own tools. This study describes the early stages of development of the Current Risk of Violence (CuRV), an informant-reported measure of dynamic risk for aggression in adults with an ID. The pool of items was generated from a multitude of sources. Predictive accuracy for aggression was tested prospectively among 64 adults with an ID and history of aggression. The 34-item CuRV was found to be a brief, uncomplicated risk assessment. Initial findings revealed good predictive validity over a five-month period: area under the curve (AUC) range from .72, 95% CI [.59, .85] to .77, 95% CI [.66, .89]. These preliminary findings suggest that the CuRV may assist staff to perform assessments of risk in busy clinical settings. Future research effort is needed to fully explore the psychometric properties of the CuRV.


The discretization error in a finite element solution is investigated in the current work. Several modified versions of the famous SPR recovery technique are proposed. Subsequently, a local extrapolation technique is investigated based on the best-fit point. The recovered derivatives are obtained at nodes via extrapolation from the sampling points and subsequent averaging. Numerical tests demonstrate that the resulting recovery method is more accurate than the original and the presented modified superconvergent patch recovery methods (SPR). Finally, a-posterior error estimators for plasticity problems and adaptive strategies are introduced and demonstrated by numerical examples.


English second classroom activities,as additional teaching for classroom,create the situation and environment for students' self-oriented study and communication and obtaining information in English.It should enlarge the input of language,strengthen the guidance of learning tactics,and help students design learning goal to promote their ability in application.


For the purpose of simplifying the processing of a bath a method for depositing a coating of a first metal onto a workpiece 12 which exposes a second metal is proposed which method comprises the following method steps: a) providing a bath liquid 16 containing bath components containing ions of the first metal to be deposited, at least one complexing agent for the second metal and at least one acid, b) depositing the coating of the first metal from the bath liquid 16 onto the workpiece 12, c) feeding the bath liquid 16 into a settling tank 18, d) cooling the bath liquid 16 in the settling tank 18 for the generation of a precipitate and of a filtrate, the precipitate being comprised of the second metal and the at least one complexing agent, f) returning the filtrate to the bath liquid 16 and g) replenishing bath components to the bath liquid 16.; The method in accordance with the invention is characterised in that with respect to the separation of the precipitate from the filtrate a pressure difference is generated by the filter.


The visualizer-verbalizer cognitive style dimension has been of considerable interest to researchers for many years. In these studies, students were identified as either visualizers or verbalizers, and significant differences favoring verbalizers were found in cognitive abilities and mathematical performance. Kozhevnikov, Hegarty, and Mayer (2002) and Kozhevnikov, Motes, and Hegarty (2007) have provided evidence for two distinct groups of visualizers-object and spatial visualizers-who process visual-spatial information and graphic tasks in different ways and further explained why the visualizer-verbalizer classification led to inconsistent findings in previous research studies. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine differences in cognitive abilities and mathematical performance of high school students related to differences in their object-spatial visualization and verbal cognitive styles.Visualizer-verbalizer Cognitive StyleThe lack of a relationship between self-reports of visual-verbal cognitive style and both cognitive abilities and mathematical performance has been reported in the literature (e.g., Hegarty & Kozhevnikov, 1999; Lean & Clements, 1981). Researchers (e.g., Bishop, 1983, 1989; Dean & Morris, 2003; Guay, McDaniel, & Angelo, 1978; Krutetskii, 1976; Lohman, 1979; McAvinue & Robertson, 2006-2007; Presmeg, 2006) have presented hypotheses to account for the lack of a relationship between selfreports of the visual cognitive style and spatial ability: (a) Self-report instruments are not reliable and have poor predictive validity; (b) Spatial ability tests are susceptible to alternative solutions and often measure different abilities for different people; (c) Individuals who have the ability to generate and manipulate visual images might prefer not to do so when the use of visual processes is not required; (d) Items of spatial ability tests and self-report instruments measure different properties and processes of visual imagery. However, Kozhevnikov, Hegarty, and Mayer (2002) and Kozhevnikov, Kosslyn, and Shepard (2005) pointed to the visualizer-verbalizer classification as a factor that has led to inconsistent results in previous studies. According to Kozhevnikov and her associates, visualizers are not a homogenous group with respect to their spatial ability but rather consist of two distinct groups- object and spatial visualizers-who differ in processing visual-spatial information and graphic tasks, and thus, significant relationships can be found between visual cognitive style, spatial ability, and mathematical performance if visualizers are divided into these two distinct groups.Some individuals use object imagery to construct detailed images of objects, which hinder effective spatial transformations and successful performance on spatial and mathematical tasks. Others use spatial imagery to create images representing spatial relations among objects, which facilitates efficient spatial transformations and successful performance on spatial and mathematical tasks. Object imagery characterizes color, vividness, shapes, or details of objects, whereas spatial imagery depicts spatial locations or relations between objects. When presented with the graph of a function and asked to draw the derivative graph, object and spatial visualizers used distinct strategies to interpret the graphs of functions. For instance, object visualizers constructed detailed images of slopes of tangent lines, but failed to transform them into derivative graphs, but spatial visualizers were able to visualize the changing slope of tangent lines as well as transform them into derivative graphs (Haciomeroglu, 2015; Haciomeroglu, Aspinwall, & Presmeg, 2010).Recent research studies (e.g., Thomas & McKay, 2010; Pitta-Pantazi & Christou, 2010) have also provided support for the distinction between object and spatial imagery cognitive styles. In their studies with prospective teachers, Delice and Sevimli (2010) and Sevimli and Delice (2011a; 2011b; 2011c; 2012) developed case studies to examine students' preferences for representations as they attempted to evaluate definite integrals presented in different representations. …


Abstract Thousands of girls and young women migrated to Australia in the nineteenth century. Many were members of voluntary migrant families who were drawn to the colonies for new opportunities and a better life. Despite their numbers, these girls' experiences of the journey have been little studied. This article examines several extant shipboard diaries, written by girls and young women aged from 10 to 22 who travelled from Britain and Ireland to Australia. These diaries, composed between 1851 and 1884, recount girls' daily lives on board ship and lay bare their emotions as they journeyed towards a new life. Girls used writing and the physical form of a diary to work through and regulate the emotional upheavals and perils of migration. Graphite, ink and paper were employed to navigate loss, boredom, homesickness, fear and uncertainty. By centring girl-produced sources, this article gives voice to the often-overlooked migration experiences of girls and shows how analysis of age and gender draws attention to the emotions of migration.


Annual variations of the hourly averages of the heliospheric magnetic field strength B observed by Voyager 1 (V1) have been analyzed for the 15-year interval 1980–1994 inclusive. During this period, V1 moved from a radial distance of 6.9–58.1 AU and from a heliolatitude of −5.4 to 32.7°. The annual distribution function of B is nearly lognormal. The width of the distribution, w, does not change systematically with time, distance, latitude or solar activity: 〈w〉 = 0.61 ± 0.02. The standard deviation of B, SD(B), normalized by the average, Bav, is also invariant: 〈SD(B)/Bav〉 = 0.67 ± 0.03. There is a decadal frequency range for which the power spectral density (PSD) of B(t) is well described by a power law with an exponent s that ranges from −2.0 near solar maximum (1980, 1990) when GMIRs were present to −1.5 near solar minimum (1987–1988). A Global Merged Interaction Region (GMIR) is a shell-like region that encircles the Sun, propagates away from the Sun, has a radial thickness of the order of a few AU and contains intense, disturbed magnetic fields. The lower limit of the scaling range corresponds to a period of ≈ 5 days and is invariant in the 15 years studied. The relative amplitude of the PSD at the lower limit of this range is also invariant. However, the relative amplitude of the fluctuations at the solar rotation period of 26 days decreases with increasing distance from the sun as R−(0–9 ± 0.2). These derived observational results in time and frequency domains require theoretical models of the solar wind expansion into the distant heliosphere that include both physical and statistical features. Such models could be based on (1) energy and/or entropy principles or (2) conventional MHD along with temporally complex but statistically simple input functions. Our results suggest an anticorrelation between the annual magnetic field strength and cosmic ray intensity, as is observed during the 15-year period considered here. Statistical models of the magnetic field might provide a basis for new models of cosmic ray modulation.


Abstract : Semiconductor memory components provide opportunities for new computer memory structures due to two advantages they offer over core memories: (1) Logic can be integrated into the memory structures, and (2) small blocks of memory can be accessed independently for improved access flexibility. This research proposes using these properties to achieve a more efficient implementation of a virtual memory system. The proposed system uses novel semiconductor memory chips to integrate the address-mapping function and the data-multiplexing function into the memory circuits, with consequent saving of external overhead circuitry. This proposed system is compared in detail with a conventional implementation of a virtual memory system, showing cost and performance figures for a variety of system configurations. The proposed system is shown to give superior results in smaller memories or in high-performance memories.


Abstract. A quantum model of single-mode multi-photon laser, subharmonicwith respect to the difference in energy between the two levels, is proposed on theassumption of a one-photon loss mechanism. Stationary solutions of the set ofequations of motion for the mean values of the intensive, slowly-varyingoperators characterizing the system are obtained . Their stability is analysed,proving the occurrence of a first-order phase transition and determining theexistence condition for many-photon lasing.1. IntroductionThe phenomenon of one-photon laser action has long been known in such detailas to have become the subject of numerous monographs, to mention but those of Lax[1], Haken [2] and Sargent, Scully and Lamb [3]. Several years ago, McNeil andWalls [4] made an essentially novel contribution by proposing the quantum model ofa multi-photon laser. In comparison with the single-photon laser, their generaliza-tion consisted in taking into account the interaction between the active medium andelectromagnetic field by way of two mutually coupled, non-linear processes:(i) the atom performs a transition from the upper to the lower level emitting


The paper deals with an approach to the Inverse Problems based upon their relations to the Boundary Control Theory (the BC-method). A possibility to recover a velocity c = ("") ?1=2 via response operator of the Maxwell dynamical system is discussed. The main result is that the operator (plus values of c; @c @ at a boundary) determines velocity uniquely in the maximal near-boundary layer in which the semigeodesical coordinates are regular. The recovering is time-optimal: the response operator given for time 2T determines a velocity in near-boundary layer of optical thickness T lying in the regular zone.


Based on intensive research, organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) will likely remain at the zenith in information science for many years due to their numerous potential applications in portable and smart electronic devices. Elucidating the intrinsic charge‐transport behavior and realizing functional OFETs with superior device characteristics have been the cornerstones for the sustainable advancement in organic electronics. The emerging 2D molecular crystals (2DMCs) have become prosperous in the past few years, because they offer a revolutionary opportunity to overcome these obstacles. In particular, 2DMCs, which display a high uniform morphology, can be prepared using low‐cost and scalable solution‐based techniques. More importantly, their highly tunable molecular arrangement at a 2D limit is extraordinarily beneficial in property exploration and device optimization. In this article, the recent breakthroughs in material preparation, transistor applications, and physics of solution‐processed 2DMCs are reviewed, providing a promising avenue toward high‐performance, multifunctional, and diversiform organic electronic devices.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important comorbidity in HFrEF, associated with worse outcomes and suboptimal treatment due to under-prescription of beta-blockers. Consequently, additional effective therapies are especially relevant in patients with COPD. In DAPA-HF, compared to placebo, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, dapagliflozin, reduced risk of cardiovascular (CV) death or worsening heart failure (HF) in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

 To examine effect of dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, in patients with and without COPD.

 Primary composite outcome of DAPA-HF was time-to-first CV death or worsening HF event (hospitalization for HF or outpatient visit requiring intravenous therapy). We examined whether effect of dapagliflozin was modified by investigator reported COPD at baseline.

 Overall, 585 (12.3%) of the 4744 patients randomized had an investigator-reported history of COPD, 299 (12.6%) in dapagliflozin group and 286 (12.1%) in placebo group. Incidence of primary composite outcome, in the placebo group, was higher in patients with COPD than in those without (22.8; 95% CI 18.4–28.3 vs. 14.9; 13.5–16.4) (Table). Hazard ratio (HR) for the effect of dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, on the primary outcome, was consistent in patients with and without COPD (Table); P-value for interaction was 0.467. Findings for other outcomes were similar (Figure).

 Patients in DAPA-HF with COPD were at substantially higher risk than those without. Treatment with dapagliflozin, compared to placebo, reduced risk of CV death and worsening HF, similarly, in patients with and without COPD.

 Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): DAPA-HF was funded by AstraZeneca


Luis E. Melendez-Diaz was convicted of distributing and trafficking cocaine. The evidence against him included nineteen plastic bags of cocaine that he and his co-defendant dropped in a squad car. The evidence also included sworn certificates from a laboratory technician that affirmed the bags contained cocaine and stated its weight and concentration. Melendez-Diaz did not have the opportunity to cross-examine the technician responsible for writing these certificates and argued that they therefore should not be admitted into evidence. The Massachusetts Appeals Court upheld the admission of the certificates, and the Massachusetts Supreme Court denied review. The U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari to determine whether a drug analysis certificate is testimonial evidence under Crawford v. Washington, and thus, whether a defendant must have the opportunity to cross-examine the person who issues one before such


Abstract - Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) differentiate into astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes, which is controlled by various factors in brain. Recent evidences suggest that small molecules modulating the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs may have therapeutic value as well as the potential use as chemical probes. Phylligenin is a lignan with anti-inflammatory activity that is isolated from the fruits of Forsythia koreana. We investigated effects of phylligenin on proliferation and differentiation of NPCs. Treatment of phylligenin decreased the number of proliferating NPCs in culture without effects on the differentiation and survival of neural cells such as neurons and astrocytes. To examine the mechanism of the decreased NPCs number, we performed cell cycle analysis. Proliferation of NPCs was decreased via G1-S transition block by phylligenin treatment, and it was mediated by the increase of p21 level. However, phylligenin did not induce apoptosis of NPCs as determined by TUNEL assay and PARP cleavage. We also found that viability of glioma cell lines such as C6 and U87MG glioma cells, but not that of primary neuron and astrocyte, was inhibited by phylligenin. These results suggest that phylligenin selectively inhibits proliferation of rapidly growing cells such as neural stem cells and glioma cells. Given that the possible role of brain tumor stem cells in the pathology of brain cancers, the inhibitory effects of phylligenin might be useful in the development of new therapeutic agents against brain cancers.Keywords: Neural progenitor cells, Phylligenin, Proliferation, p21, Glioma


Management means combining the art of exercising it and the managerial science about it.
It grows out from culture, it is one of its elements as well as a factor affecting it. It is like
a mandala made from grains of managers' experience and knowledge, as well as the values
they declare. The formation and creative destruction of such a mandala is something like
poetry, because it needs some talent and imagination. When managing, one develops
many virtual, and sometimes real different mandalas showing various aspects of
management. The most important is the mandala of managerial joy. Experience of such
joy depends on the way a manager perceives reality. It requires from the manager the
following attributes: perspective, humility, humor, acceptance, forgiveness, gratefulness,
compassion and generosity as well. This article explains the essence of the pillars of
managerial joy and describes how to understand them.


15111 Background: Molecular studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and invasive cervical cancer, as well as cancer of the anal region. The role...


Taking 4255,169,434,444,K10 and Longkang 11 were used as test varieties,the combining ability analysis and heterosis analysis were carried out on 7 properties and the yield of treatment plot by NCⅡ design.The main results were as followed:Dwarf-01,Dwarf-112,7490 and NY-1 were the ideal inbred lines of the 14 short stalk maize inbred lines,they should best use because because they had larger possibility of screening the combination to obtain the higher yield hybridize combination.The other inbred lines had their own prominent characteristics,and they should be made the best use according to the need of breeding.


The synthesis of two "dipeptoids" structurally related to the CCK-B antagonist CI-988 (PD134308) is described. The 2- and 1-indolyl derivatives 4a, b were prepared in order to define the role of the tryptophan moiety in this series of "dipeptoids". They were evaluated as competitors in the binding of [3H]-CCK8S on guinea pig brain CCK-B receptors.


The paper reports a study that provided important information from farmers of the floodplain
area of Bangladesh for setting research and development priorities with respect to
indigenous and exotic fodder trees. Indigenous knowledge of fodder trees from the
floodplain area may be an important tool in planning nutrition for livestock management,
particularly for setting priorities in times of crisis. Policy-makers, livestock professionals
and foresters could use this knowledge to develop the livestock resources of Bangladesh.


Background Dyspnea is a common symptom in a patient with valvular heart disease. The mechanism underlying this disease is still uncertain. Respiratory muscle weakness has been proposed to be one of the mechanisms underlying dyspnea in heart failure, but this has not been adequately studied in valvular heart disease. Methods We prospectively studied 20 patients with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis who were candidates for percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy. Respiratory muscle strength assessment by maximal static inspiratory mouth pressure and maximal static expiratory mouth pressure was done on all patients at baseline and at 1 week after the procedure. The severity of dyspnea in study participants was also studied by the 6-min walk test and visual analog scale. Results Balloon valvotomy was followed by a significant improvement in the 6-min walking distance (from 219 ± 30.15 to 237.55 ± 32.25 m, P < 0.001), visual analog scale as a measure of dyspnea (from 60.95 ± 12.16 to 44.4 ± 13.71 mm, P < 0.001), inspiratory muscle strength (from 51.9 ± 10.28 to 56.55 ± 11.87 cmH2O, P < 0.001) and expiratory muscle strength (from 62.15 ± 19.68 to 67.20 ± 21.91 cmH2O, P < 0.001). Conclusion Improvement in dyspnea in mitral stenosis after balloon valvotomy is associated with significant improvement in respiratory muscle strength.


Objectives
To evaluate and compare the efficiency of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approach of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 63 patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, including 33 patients underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery and 30 patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery in our hospital from September 2013 to September 2014 were performed. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, warm ischemia time, blood Scr concentration, complications, removal time of drainage tube, hospital stays, wound healing time were collected and compared between the two groups.

Results
Transperitoneal group vs. retroperitoneal group, hemorrhage volume [(31.82±14.71)vs. (27±12.52) mL, P>0.05], warm ischemia time [(26.09±6.83 )vs.(31.40±2.32) min, P>0.05], rates of complications [(8.57% )vs. (16.67%), P>0.05], blood Scr concentration [(14.55±4.14) vs. (9.06±2.86) μmol/L, P>0.05], recovery eating time [(3.0±0.45) vs.(2.4±0.52)d, P>0.05], and hospital stays [(5.27±1.42) vs. (4.9±1.73)d, P>0.05] have no statistics differences. But operation time[(89.91±21.46) vs. (114.4±31.54)min, P<0.05] in transperitoneal group was significantly reduced while removal time of drainage tube was a little longer[(7.33±2.06) vs. (12.18±2.71)d, P<0.05] compared with retroperitoneal group.

Conclusions
Compared with retroperitoneal approach, transperitoneal approach could achieve the same efficacy, and have the advantage of reduction of operation time, it is an efficiency and safety surgical method.

Key words:
Nephrectomy; Laparoscopes


Variety of image upscaling methods has been proposed and used in computer tools due to the increasing number of practical applications. The essential objectives of image upscaling are: it should be fast, natural to human perception and does not yield annoying artifacts. This paper proposes an edge-directed iterative image interpolation based on the second-order derivatives along multiple directions. Our method uses the assumption that the second-order derivatives of the image intensities are continuous along the interpolation directions. We first initialize the pixel values based on a grid filling and iteratively modify the interpolated pixels by minimizing an objective function depending on the second-order directional derivatives. Especially our method provides better results in edge regions while the computation time is reduced compared to other existing upscaling methods. Image coding with the proposed interpolation method is also performed as a possible application.


Most developing countries have credit policy to support the farmer product,so the meaning of formal farmer credit exceeds the credit because of the background of country.During the development of this theoretical system,transaction cost,asymmetric information,credit restriction are introduced into theoretical framework.But most of the research deals with this problem in the view of farmer,the conclusion is not identical.The formal farmer credit involves in various aspect,just having the farmer perspective is not completely.Nowadays,the economics theory is developing into many new fields,for example,the utility of state is coming into the framework,rural finance institute is closed to the reality.It will be the meaningful future research orientation.


This paper investigates a hybrid structure based synchronous control strategy for multimotor system of shaftless-driven printing press. Many existing algorithms can obtain a stable synchronous
system; however, the obtained stable system may encounter a large enough disturbance that can destroy the synchronization. Focusing on this challenging technological problem about how to receive more robust synchronization during steady-state process, this paper first proposes a state-dependent-switching based leader-following control approach, in which synchronization includes two parts, one associated with tracking control for all members, and the other one associated with consensus maintained among followers in the case that one follower loses synchronization with the leader during steady-state motion. By employing the algebra graph theory, matrix theory, and Lyapunov analysis, the convergence and stability of the given multimotor system are proved. Finally, simulation examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the theoretical results.


In models of complicated physical–chemical processes operator splitting is very often applied in order to achieve sufficient accuracy as well as efficiency of the numerical solution. The recently rediscovered weighted splitting schemes have the great advantage of being parallelizable on operator level, which allows us to reduce the computational time if parallel computers are used. In this paper, the computational times needed for the weighted splitting methods are studied in comparison with the sequential (S) splitting and the Marchuk–Strang (MSt) splitting and are illustrated by numerical experiments performed by use of simplified versions of the Danish Eulerian model (DEM).


ABSTRACT Three different pressure measuring devices were evaluated for providing pressure-time data in a continuous rotary press by passing them through the press with the feed material. The press was of a belt-and-drum configuration and was used to form macerated alfalfa into mats for fast field drying. The pressure measuring devices were: 1) a fluid-filled tube connected by a capillary tube to a large, remote, commercial pressure transducer; 2) a miniature diaphragm (3.5 mm dia.) transducer; and 3) a pressure sensitive film, the final color density of which corresponded to the maximum pressure to which each point on the film had been subjected. While the first two measuring devices provided the relative pressure distribution in the press, they exaggerated the pressure magnitude making it necessary to scale their output by use of the pressure sensitive film or by use of equilibrium requirements of a free body diagram of the press.


Anderson's (1958) theory of localized electron states in an irregular solid is discussed critically. The statistical and analytical properties of the Green function, when states are localized, are analyzed and it is pointed out that these are not incompatible with Lloyd's (1969) exact results. Anderson's argument is repeated in outline, but it has been found possible to make a major simplification in the statistical analysis. Attention is drawn to two doubtful points in the argument and it is suggested that delocalization occurs less easily than Anderson supposed. The argument is applied to a model of a dilute binary alloy. It is proved for a model of the binary alloy that the energy levels do not extend outside the energy bands of the pure metals.


Along the 1990's there was an increase in the number of people who attended college in Uruguay, both in employment and in the labor force. This article seeks to find if there is evidence of overeducation at the tertiary level, defined as mismatch between supply and demand of that skill level. The article presents an estimation of the wage premium for those workers who attended college compared to those who finished high school but did not pursue their studies further of college, for the whole population and within occupations. Returns to higher education are found to be non-decreasing along the decade, which suggests that the increases in supply were matched by increases in demand for such skill level. More specifically, the college premium is estimated in occupations where both workers with college and with high school can be found. The main conclusion is that in such occupations there is a premium for workers who finished college but not for workers who went for some years to college but did not graduate. The overall results do not support the hypothesis of significant overeducation in the case of university graduates. The data used refer to the Household Survey of Uruguay along the nineties.


The purpose of this article is to evaluate the value of integrating tactical warehouse and inventory decisions. Therefore, a global warehouse and inventory model is presented and solved. We have considered two separate warehouses, one is an own warehouse (OW) of finite dimension and other a rented warehouse (RW), for an infinite planning horizon. Model focuses on stock-level dependent demand rate and a time dependent holding cost. We considered holding cost is an increasing function of time. In addition, we allow for shortages and complete backlogging. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis on some parameters are implemented to illustrate the model.


: Public diplomacy in divided cities. Study case of Cieszyn and Český Těšín. Polish Cieszyn and Czech Český Těšín as a cross-border duopolis is interesting for two reasons: (a) ongoing socio-cultural and economic reintegration processes, and (b) as a place of two strongly established national cultures (Polish and Czech). The authors suggest employing to their study and the phenomenon of transborderness at all the perspective of multidisciplinary public diplomacy theory, sometimes calles as soft diplomacy. As such may be useful both in cross-border scientific analysis, as well as for local and government authorities, and other stakeholders. The authors will focus on a review of the various forms of bottom-up and top-down action, enrolling in public diplomacy in the Czech and Polish, particularly considering its cultural aspects. The activities of municipal authorities is outlined, as they are responsible for creating such favorable conditions for public diplomacy that would support the intensification of international contacts. Finally, the article is an attempt to assess the relevant projects of this "socialized" diplomacy.


The invention provides a duloxetine hydrochloride crystal form and a preparation method thereof. An X ray-powder diffraction pattern of the alpha crystal form of duloxetine hydrochloride comprise diffraction peaks at 2theta values of 12.3+/-0.2, 18.3+/-0.2, 18.9+/-0.2, 21.2+/-.2 and 24.6+/-0.2. The duloxetine hydrochloride of the alpha crystal form prepared in the invention has a good chemical stability and a high purity. The preparation method has the advantages of mild technological condition, simple operation, stable and controllable quality, and suitableness for the industrialized production.


A pair of primers was designed based on the h gene sequence of canine distemper virus in GeneBank,the h gene of(CDV) strain isolated from an attenuated vaccine strain of canine distemper virus was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The amplified fragment was cloned into pMD18-T simple vector and the positive recombinants were identified by blue-white screening and restriction endonuclease digestion,and the h fragments were sequenced and analyzed.Sequencing analysis indicates that the gene was the same to the representive canine distemper virus h gene.h gene was 90.6%,91.3%,90.5%,91% identical to Yangzhou isolates,Changchun isolate,XinJiang isolate and Japanese isolateD85755 respectively.It was 97.7%,97.2%,98.1% indentical to Onderstepoort strain,Convac strain and American isolates 98-2666-2 respectively.Then the h gene was subcloned into Prokaryotic expression plasmid pET-32a(+).Recombinantplasmid carrying h gene(pET-32a-h) was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and induced with IPTG.A fusion protein about 64 ku was expressed.


More than 100 years ago, Karl Kautsky (1899) published The Agrarian Question. The question he analyzed in this book remains important today: Is there a need and justification for agricultural policies that specifically support smallholder agriculture? Kautsky argued that the peasant producers persisted due to self-exploitation and underconsumption, which were not deemed to be socially desirable situations. Kautsky was convinced of the technical superiority of the large farms and saw no justification for agricultural policies designed to support small farmers. The experience of the 20th century tells a different story: Implementing policies to support the economic development of small farmers proved to be a particularly successful strategy to reduce rural poverty and to use agriculture as an engine of growth on the road to industrialization (Mellor 1976). Both Western industrialized countries and the fast-growing Asian economies document the success of this development strategy. As Lipton (2005) noted, there is virtually no example of mass poverty reduction in modern history that did not start with sharp rises in employment and self-employment income due to increased productivity among small family farms.


Water plays a role in sustaining all the biotic elements. Unfortunately, in the recent times with persistent climate change impacts, parts of the world are facing cases of inadequate water causing stress and increased vulnerability among the people. This is the case with urban areas across the globe as their populations keep increasing with little to no attention paid to urban planning that allows sustainable management of resources amidst rapid development. Urban areas are surrounded by high yielding aquifers that have better water services from groundwater. However, the urban sprawl phenomena have limited attempts in assessing ground water potential in urban areas contributing to urban water scarcity. Therefore, the study aims to look at the problem of urban water scarcity, by analyzing the levels and distribution of ground-water in Voi town using remote sensing and GIS techniques, in order to suggest suitable sites for underground water exploration in regard to the overall urban water supply. From the analysis, the results showed that the area ma-jorly has low to potential zones of groundwater. High potential areas were very few and were mostly on the western side of the area. Very low potential zones were seen on the east and north side of the area.


We discuss the three-body properties of identical bosons exhibiting large scattering length in two spatial dimensions. Within an effective field theory for resonant interactions, we calculate the leading nonuniversal corrections from the two-body effective range to bound-state and scattering observables. In particular, we compute the three-body binding energies, the boson-dimer scattering properties, and the three-body recombination rate for finite energies. We find significant effective range effects for three-body observables in the vicinity of the unitary limit. The implications of this result for future experiments are briefly discussed.


Current wisdom suggests that accomplishing the changes reformers call for in mathematics teaching will require significant learning on the part of teachers. The aim of this study was to examine whether and how a reform-oriented textbook could contribute to such learning. Using case study methods, I analyzed the nature and contexts of 2 fourth-grade teachers' learning during their first year of using a new mathematics textbook. Analyses across the cases revealed key activities involved in teaching and using texts that created opportunities for learning. These activities included analyzing students and mathematical tasks and making decisions about how to proceed, suggesting that materials most likely to foster teacher learning are those that engage teachers in these processes.


In the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), when radiative corrections are included, the mass of the CP=+1 lightest Higgs boson is bounded by ∼110 GeV for mt<150 GeV and a scale of supersymmetry breaking ∼1 TeV. In non‐minimal supersymmetric standard models (NMSSM) upper bounds on the mass of the corresponding scalar Higgs boson arise if the theory is required to remain perturbative up to scales ≫G−1/2F. We have computed those bounds for two illustrative NMSSM: i) A model with an arbitrary number of gauge singlets; ii) A model with three SU(2)L triplets with Y=0, ±1. We have integrated numerically the corresponding renormalization group equations (RGE), including the top and bottom quark Yukawa couplings, and added one‐loop radiative corrections. For mt≳91 GeV the absolute bounds are ∼140 GeV for both models.


This study begins from fact at that field IPS'S learned result at S D Agnes Teresia Moorland is still contemn, it is caused because teacher is still utilize long time learning model, and haven't led educative participant for learned ala shoals. This research constitute Action Research brazes (PTK) by use of approaching kualitatif and quantitative, by passes four phases which is planning, performing, watch and reflection with subjek researcher is participant teach to braze IV. at SD Agnes Teresia Moorland. Executed research can increase IPS'S studying result participant is taught according to data which is gotten which is of i. cycle planning reaches 78,35%. On cycle II. up to 92,4%. Performing of i. cycle teacher activity 70% while cycles II. have reached 91,25%. So even of i. cycle student aspect reaches 66,25% while cycles II. up to 92,5%. Of i. cycle studying result which is 66,76 as 78,19 on cycle II. Key word: Learned result , IPS,  PBL


Fires at industrial composting facilities, such as those storing industrial waste products like municipal solid waste (MSW) and landfills, are fairly common. In most cases these are manageable and such incidents are not destructive enough to attract attention beyond these facilities. However, over the years there have been a few notable devastating fires at such facilities. In each of these industrial processes (e.g. composting) there is an inherent increase in temperature as a consequence of the biological activity. Indeed such a temperature increase is one of the goals of the composting waste. Elevated temperatures of the order of 70 - 90 degrees Celsius have been documented within a few months (or even a few days) of forming the compost pile. Although the basic theory of spontaneous


Abstract Aging is associated with an increased incidence of co-morbidities, including detrusor underactivity (DU). DU is defined as the failure to create sufficient and durable expulsive force to adequately empty the urinary bladder during a normal voiding timespan. DU is prevalent in older adults, as evidenced by its prevalence in nearly two-thirds of nursing home residents. Current treatments are mostly palliative or come with many side effects. β-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation is the primary mechanism of detrusor relaxation, and Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels have previously been identified by us and others as a very important mediator of this relaxation, however the role of HCN in detrusor relaxation has not been elucidated. Hence, we seek to characterize its role in adrenergic relaxation mechanisms and spontaneous myocyte activity. Male and female 10–12-month-old C57Bl/6 mice were used for this study. Pharmacomyography studies were performed to assess the effect of different drugs that act at various steps along the adrenergic relaxation pathway, +/- CsCl, an HCN blockade at [5mM]. As expected, we saw that increasing HCN opening probability by isoproterenol or forskolin (adenylyl cyclase/cAMP-agonist) or lamotrigine (HCN-activator) resulted in decreases in tonic tension, but were diminished in the presence of CsCl. Mechanisms modulated by H89 (PKA-inhibitor) and NS1619 (BK-channel-agonist) show no change in tonic tension, however spontaneous phasic activity significantly increases. These data support increased cAMP, not hyperpolarization, as the key inductor of HCN in adrenergic relaxation.


Xiongnu is the first nomadic empire in the eastern Steppe Zone. Unlike the nomads of the Mongolian plateau before them, they had innovative facilities such as earthen fortresses and kilns. The kilns emerged and were used not only to produce pottery, but also to produce the tiles and bricks that decorated the fortresses and their interior buildings. This essay introduces a few examples of the Xiongnu kilns so far known from the end of the Western Han or the beginning of the Eastern Han period, when kilns were introduced to the region. These kilns were presumed to have emerged under the influence of kilns from the northern rim of the Han Dynasty. Among them, kilns at the Khustyn Bulag site are of particular significance, as they are the first kilns whose detailed structure is known north of the Han Dynasty territory.


Abstract In order to describe attitudes towards sexuality of nursing students from a Colombian university, a cross sectional study was made in 2009. Participants where all the students under 20 years. An anonymous survey with information about age, gender, as well as the Trueblood Sexual Attitudes Questionnaire (TSAQ) which assess attitudes towards your own ( me ) and the others ( others ) sexuality. It had an average maximum score of 9, which matches with greater liberalism. Results : 44 students participated. The average age was 18 years old, 77% of the participants were females. Average total score = 4,6. Average scores by subscale: heterosexuality = 5,7, sexual trade = 4,8, self-eroticism = 4,7, sexual variation = 4,1 and homosexuality = 3,6. Scores of attitudes towards self-sexuality were lower than the ones from the others sexuality. The conclusion of this study was that nursing students had a moderate liberalism towards self and other's sexuality attitudes.


This article analyzes the creation and role of the ITAP (Institut technique des administrations publiques – Technical Institute of Public Administration), set up in 1947 by Jean Milhau, expert in organization and founder of CEGOS (Commission generale d'organization scientifique du travail – General Commission on the Scientific Labor Organization) before the war. Among the bodies promoting reform during the Fourth Republic, ITAP played an important role centered on productivist methods and theories that could be applied to the administration. ITAP was a private association dedicated to studying the techniques of public administration, making them more productive, and proposing its collaboration with official entities in charge of furthering the improvement of working methods. The author examines the conditions under which ITAP was created and its unusual mode of functioning: in the context of the semaines de l'Administre (users' weeks), an original idea at the time, it asked for suggestions from users of public services, but was also one of the first to organize training courses for top-level civil servants until the 1970s.


If you think the banking agencies really backed off of interest-rate risk, get ready for a shock In February, bank regulators announced they were dropping a standardized modified-duration rate-risk measure to evaluate banks. Bankers responded with relief. Was the relief premature? Readers should understand the implications of the new statement issued in place of the proposed rule on May 23, 1996. (See Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System's "Joint Policy on Interest Rate Risk.") While this statement appears benign, the implicit moves contained within it are radical. Asset/liability managers interpret the joint policy statement on interest-rate risk to say that the burden of compliance has been made to go away, as a result of industry lobbying and the inherent complexity of the area in question. This is pure wish fulfillment. The responsibility explicitly charged to bank examiners to protect the FDIC insurance fund from future bank losses has not been altered at all. The only item that has been dropped is the standardized measure. Since the regulators will not be doing the task for the banks, banks had better be able to demonstrate that, regardless of circumstances, they will not be the cause of future FDIC losses. If they can't do so, the "case by case" implications could be difficult for those who assumed that examination strictures have simply evaporated. The future regulatory intent appears to be to squeeze interest-rate-risk levels that threaten the FDIC fund out of the banking system incrementally through an evolutionary process of examiner review. This is the directive of the FDIC Improvement Act (FDICIA) of 1991. Accordingly, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council in July proposed the addition of a market-risk component to the post-examination CAMEL rating to be given to banks (Federal Register, July 18, 1996). The end purpose is the same; only the means have changed. Managing value Superficially, the regulators' joint statement will require only a few changes. Banks must consider economic value at risk, as well as earnings at risk, and will be evaluated explicitly on terms that relate to capital adequacy. The new premises, drawn from the statement, are as follows: "Well-managed banks consider both earnings and economic value." "The adequacy of a bank's interest rate risk management process...[is a] critical factor in the agencies' evaluation of the bank's capital adequacy. A bank with material weaknesses in its risk management process...will be directed by the agencies to take corrective action. Such actions will include directives to raise additional capital, strengthen management expertise, improve management information and measurement systems, reduce levels of exposure, or some combination thereof." "Economic value" is conceptually equivalent to the familiar notion of "market value of portfolio equity," as shown by the statement's definition, which is: "The economic value of an instrument represents an assessment of the present value of the expected net future cash flows of the instrument, discounted to reflect market rates. A bank's economic value of equity represents the present value of the expected cash flows on assets minus the present value of the expected cash flows on liabilities, plus or minus the present value of the expected cash flows on off-balance sheet instruments." The reason for managing value at risk is that: "An adverse change in a bank's economic value of equity can signal future earnings and capital problems. Changes in economic value can also affect the liquidity of bank assets, because the cost of selling depreciated assets to meet liquidity needs may be prohibitive." So the focus in the interagency statement is to force banks to consider longterm time horizons, to prevent future liquidation and FDIC insurance depletion, usually resulting from longer-term asset positions, relative to possible future rate environments. …


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of inhibitor of differentiation or DNA binding 1(Id1)and p-Akt in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).METHODS Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Id1 and p-Akt in NPC tissues of 81 cases and nasopharyngitis tissues of 25 cases.RESULTS The rates of positive expression of Id1 and p-Akt were 75.3%、81.5% in NPC respectively,and the differences were statistically significant between their expression in NPC and nasopharyngitis.The expression of Id1 protein in NPC was significantly correlated with tumor staging.Also the expression of both Id1 and p-Akt in NPC was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage,while not significantly related with age,gender,recurrence and metastasis after treatment.Id1 was correlated with p-Akt in NPC significantly.Meanwhile,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients who had positive expression of Id1,p-Akt in their NPC had worse 5 years' survival rate.P-Akt was an independent risk factor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.CONCLUSION Id1 and p-Akt may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of NPC,so may be the biological prognostic indicators.


Abstract : Sea tests are vital to debug the ONR ocean bottom seismographs OBS performance, especially if the instruments are to perform reliably during the early ONR funded ULF/VLF experiments. These instruments were tested in a realistic deep-sea deployment under conditions where there was little experimental risk. The SERA Expedition (Seismic Experiments on the Rise Axis) was an ideal setting for testing these instruments since the EPR Natural Laboratory provided both local and distant earthquakes as well as airgun sources from the R/V Washington. The instruments recorded seismic data continuously during a four day deployment. This experiment provided an excellent variety of signals upon which to refine the instruments.


In this paper, the role of electrode architecture (conventional and interdigital), device structure (vertical or planar), and tungsten oxide (WO3) channel thickness on the electro‐optical performances of room temperature sputtered electrochromic transistors (EC‐Ts) is reported. A larger number of electro‐reducible tungsten sites in thicker WO3 films provide improved optical density and coloration efficiency. However, overall transistor performance is found to suffer in planar EC‐Ts with the conventional electrode architecture, where the step to planar interdigital electrodes leaves the devices to be almost insensitive to WO3 thickness. Vertical structures result in improved device properties and stability, given to the shorter distance between gate electrode and semiconductor and to the encapsulation effect provided by such structures. These devices show an On–Off ratio of 5 × 106 and a transconductance (g m) of 3.59 mS, for gate voltages (V G) between −2 and 2 V, which to the authors' knowledge are the best values ever reported for electrochemical transistors. The simple and low‐cost processing together with the electrical/optical performances well supported into a comprehensive analysis of device physics opens doors for a wide range of new applications in display technologies, biosensors, fuel cells, or electrochemical logic circuits.


This study investigated the chronic effects of relatively low exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the growth performance, immune situation and reproduction in male rabbits. Bucks (n=32, 4.82±0.22 kg) were individually assigned to 4 treatments (8 replicates each) using a randomised complete block design. Four diets containing 0, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1 mg AFB1/kg, were provided to bucks for 8 wk. Growth performance and semen quality were measured. Blood, organ and tissue samples were collected to measure haematological indices, liver function, organ weights and immune parameters. Compared to control, AFB1-contaminated diets reduced body weight and average daily gain (P<0.05), altered certain haematological indices and liver function with decreased monocytes percentage and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, and increased plateletcrit and albumin (P<0.05), slightly impaired reproductive parameters with enhanced ratio of morphologically abnormal sperm cells at early stage and reduced post-stage acrosome integrity, testis weight and serum testosterone concentration (P<0.05), decreased immune function with reduced relative liver weight (%) and tumour necrosis factor-α levels in serum and liver tissue, and increased serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels (P<0.05). Furthermore, bucks fed diets with relatively high AFB1 (0.05 and 0.1 mg AFB1/kg) had reduced red blood cell and haematocrit (P<0.05) in contrast with the low AFB1 group (0.02 mg AFB1/kg). In conclusion, diets containing 0.05 and 0.1 mg AFB1/kg had negative effects on bucks' growth performance, haematology, reproductivity and immune function, whereas diet containing 0.02 mg AFB1/kg had only minor effects on the parameters measured.


The ideological and political work is important aspect of strengthen the public securityorgans' political building.It must be done the"new and old"integration,"far and near"integration,feeling and reason"integration,"teaching and management"integration,"reason and benefit"integration,"saying and doing"integration,"length and breadth"integration,"inside and outside"integration.


The effects of the axial anomaly are suppressed at high temperatures due to screening effects in the quark-gluon plasma. If the suppression is nearly complete close to the chiral transition temperature, this can have consequences for the nature of th e phase transition. The use of a chiral action such as Domain Wall Fermions allows us to gain a deeper insight into the issue. Our lattice sizes were 16 3 × 8× Ls, with Ls = 32 or 48, and our pion mass was approximately 200 MeV. We found that U(1)A stayed broken above the chiral transition. However the brea king was found to be due to topologically nontrivial configurations which raise s the question as to whether it persists in the thermodynamic limit. We also present results for the eig envalue density of the Dirac operator. It is seen that although the density decreases dramatically across the chiral transition temperature, U(1)A still remains broken at our current volume and quark mass due to the presence of zero modes.


The surface optical anisotropy of rubbed polyimide films has been detected using reflection anisotropy spectroscopy. The amplitude of the reflection anisotropy signals increases with the rubbing strength. Rubbing also causes changes in pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules which are in contact with the rubbed polyimide. An increase in rubbing strength results in an increase in the pretilt angel. The pretilt of the liquid crystal molecules was found to linearly correlate with the amplitude of the RA signals.


We describe a method to extract single trial visual evoked potential (VEP) buried in ongoing electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. The common method for separating VEP from EEG is to use signal averaging. But we use digital filters to extract VEP assuming that VEP spectra are in the gamma band. As an application, a fuzzy ARTMAP (FA) neural network classifier with voting strategy is used with this extracted VEP to discriminate alcoholics from normal subjects. The VEP is extracted from subjects while seeing visuals of the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) picture set. The high FA classification of 96.5% shows the validity of the proposed method to successfully remove EEG contamination.


The four technigues which is server-side cursor,client-side cursor,action queries and stored procedures were discussed by ADO to select and update datas of SQL SERVER 2000.


Continuous descent approaches can significantly reduce fuel burn andnoise impact by keeping arriving aircraft at their cruise altitude for longer and then having a continuous descent at near-idle thrust with no level-flight segments. The continuous descent approach procedures arefixed routes that are vertically optimized.With the changing traffic conditions and variable noise-abatement rules, the benefits of continuous descent approach are not yet fully realized. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to generate aircraft-specific dynamic continuous descent approach routes that are both laterally and vertically optimized for noise, emission, and fuel. The methodology involves discretizing the terminal airspace into concentric cylinders with artificial waypoints and uses enumeration and elimination (based on aircraft performance envelope) from one waypoint to another to identify all the possible routes. From the resulting set of possible continuous descent approach routes, routes are identified that represent the best tradeoff on the given objectives. The dynamic continuous descent approach algorithm is implemented in an air traffic simulator for the Sydney, Australia, terminal area. Dynamic continuous descent approach, as compared with a typical continuous descent approach, shows a 14.96% reduction in noise, 11.6% reduction in NO x emission, and 1.5% reduction in fuel burn. The throughput capacity of transition airspace is also investigated for multiple flights performing continuous descent approach operation for different traffic distributions. Themethodology incorporates a delay algorithm that uses the flight's estimated time of arrival at the intermediate approach fix, which allocates a conflict-free continuous descent approach route by searching through possible routes.


A new Multi‐Stack Unified Noise (MSUN) model based on correlated number‐mobility fluctuations theory is developed to model 1/f noise in MOSFETs with multi‐layered gate dielectrics. In this new model, the trap density profile takes into account the effects of energy and spatial distribution as well as the multilayer structure of the gate‐stack. Correlated number and mobility fluctuation was experimentally verified as the dominant mechanism for 1/f noise, with no contribution from remote phonon scattering to the observed fluctuations. For validation of the model, experimental noise data is obtained in the 78–350 K range on MOSFETs with various gate stack compositions from different processing conditions. The test samples included poly‐crystalline silicon and metal gated MOSFETs with HfO2 and HfSiON high‐κ gate dielectrics. Process variations consisting of interfacial layers of different thicknesses were incorporated to obtain different equivalent oxide thicknesses (EOTs) as well as wide ranging channel inte...


The issue of the end of accounting in the digital era will threaten the existence of the accounting profession itself. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the accounting transition process towards digitization both in terms of profession, work assignments, learning process, and other related matters. As well as the strategy of the accounting profession in the digital era. The research method uses descriptive qualitative methods with interview data collection techniques involving accountant educators and accounting students from various public and private universities in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that digitalization requires the accounting profession to adapt itself to the digital era. The role of the accounting profession, which is no longer focused on journalizing as it used to be, requires them to prepare themselves more maturely to face their main competitors, namely technology and programmers. Currently, at the tertiary level, learning information systems in the accounting major is urgently needed by simultaneously increasing the number of case studies to train creative thinking in decision making to prepare prospective accounting professions in the digital era.


Studies have shown that in-game advertisements can be effective. However, these studies typically examine single player scenarios. This study aimed to investigate the effects of social dynamics on brand awareness of in-game advertisements in sports video games. Two studies were conducted with soccer and basketball simulation games. In each study, participants were split into two groups where they either played against a computer-controlled opponent or against another player. For both studies, independent-samples t-tests were conducted to compare the recall rates between both groups. Both studies showed similar findings where respondents in the single player group reported higher recall and recognition rates when compared to respondents in the multi-player group. These findings suggest that the social environment can affect the effectiveness of in-game advertisements.


This thesis deals with the design of 10 GHz Doherty power amplifier implemented on 0.13μm RFCMOS for the linearity improvement and efficiency enhancement. The fully integrated design implements main amplifier, which is so-called carrier amplifier, auxiliary amplifier, which is so-called peaking amplifier, 1:2 power divider, input and output matching networks, and so forth. On top of that, the Complementary-Conducting-Strip Transmission Line is introduced in this thesis, for it plays an important part in the design of power amplifier. Especially, the latest design, Condensed Complementary-Conducting-Strip Transmission Line, which is one of the interested designs of CCS TL, is also introduced in the thesis owing to the fact that it exhibits higher characteristic impedance and higher quality factor than the conventional CCS TL designs. Furthermore, it accomplishes a great deal of size-reduction of IC-chips. To sum up, the design issues and procedures of 10 GHz Doherty power amplifier are discussed throughout this thesis.


This article is designed and implemented an advanced automated based on CAN bus control system MCS,it can directly access the core ECU products,data,and for the ECU to provide testing support for the independent research and development.ECU MPC5554 system chip CPU,under control program in Workbench3.0 preparation and use Eclipse3.5.2 + windowbuilder development a good computer interface with the host-side software,and allows data to show a more intuitive control and parse concise.Experimental results show that,MCS software design and implementation of the ECU to reduce the workload of localization,speed up the ECU development process.


Energy consumption and outdoor ambient temperatures are inherently related. Low temperatures increase consumption via space heating, whereas high temperatures result in increased demand for refrigeration and air conditioning. A common approach used for investigating this relationship in detail is via the calculation of heating and cooling degree days. Starting with a critical review of studies in the scientific literature that have used this technique, this study highlights a range of limitations with the methodology, particularly with respect to standardization, which potentially hinder the utility of the technique in climate change risk assessments. Using an analysis of electricity consumption in Birmingham, UK, as an example, this study calls for a standardization of the approach via the use of a universal base temperature calculated using average outdoor air temperatures. Adoption of this measure will not only enable meaningful comparisons to be made across regions, but will also permit a more robust means to account for acclimatization in longer term analyses such as that required by climate change risk assessments. This is demonstrated in this study by coupling the existing degree days methodology with a temporal analogue.


The study with Scanning Electron Microscope of Pseudoctenis dentata Archangelsky & Baldoni 1972 and Sueria rectinervis Menendez 1965 is presented. The specimens were found in the Baquero Formation (Early Cretaceous), Santa Cruz province, Argentina. Both possess sunken stomata located under a cycle of subsidiary cells that are characterized by having a cutine ring. The cuticle ornamentation is composed of striations and folds, as in other fossil Cycads. While Pseudoctemis dentata has a pinnate leaf Sueria combines a taeniopteridean shape of the leaf with special cuticular characters like perforations in the anticlinal walls and secretory idioblasts, suggesting that it is a well established genus.


The confidence of the corrosion estimate is one of the major parameters in the genuine durability design approach. In the durability design concept the corrosion rate is estimated by using empirical relations between typical conditions and soil parameters including soil type, ground water level, pH, resistivity of soil etc. The confidence level of the estimation is depending on the extent and quality of the in-situ investigations. The confidence level of the estimation is depending on the extent and quality of the in-situ investigations. This study has access to an empirical database that includes about 1600 published observations. Typical graphs of existing relationships between corrosion rate and different parameters are discussed in the paper.


Working within the framework of functional data analysis, we consider the analysis of longitudinal responses which are considered random trajectories and are sampled on a sparse and irregular design. In this functional response setting, the nonlinear in∞uence of a one-dimensional covariate on the response curves is often of interest. We propose a simple two-dimensional smoothing approach and study its consistency. Functional principal component analysis for sparse data, using the PACE (principal analysis through conditional expectation) algorithm has been proposed recently for dimension reduction of irregularly sampled longitudinal data, and is shown to provide useful tools for the study of the variation of the observed data around the predicted trajectories. For example, the functional principal component scores of the difierences between longitudinally-predicted and covariate-predicted trajectories can be used to study goodness-of-flt. We illustrate our methods with longitudinal CD4 count data. Brief reviews of functional regression models and of PACE are also included.


Background: Limited options exist for young patients with massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears. While several treatment options exist, superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) was developed to restore glenohumeral joint stability by preventing superior humeral head migration during glenohumeral motion. Indications: Arthroscopic SCR is indicated in young patients with a massive, irreparable rotator cuff tear. Patients require a functioning deltoid muscle with minimal to no glenohumeral joint arthritis. In addition, patients should have Hamada grade 2 or less and should have an intact or repairable subscapularis tendon. Technique Description: The patient is positioned in the beach chair position. Standard anterior, posterior, and mid-lateral portals are established. An accessory posterior-superior lateral portal is used for visualization. Three 3.0 mm knotless anchors are placed in the glenoid through lateral percutaneous incisions. Two 4.75 mm anchors are placed adjacent to the humeral articular cartilage for medial row fixation. The graft dimensions are measured using the distance between the anchors. The graft is prepared using a gown card as a template with 5 mm added to the medial, posterior, and anterior graft dimensions, and 10 mm added to the lateral dimension. Sutures are passed through the graft in an inverted horizontal mattress for the glenoid anchors to diminish friction and allow appropriate suture passage through the knotless mechanism of the anchor. The graft is then shuttled into the joint through a lateral PassPort button cannula. Two lateral row anchors are used to secure the lateral graft on the humerus. Native rotator cuff tissue is repaired to the graft using sutures from the medial row anchors as well as free SutureTape. Results: Outcomes following SCR have demonstrated improvements in clinical outcomes and shoulder range of motion. Similar outcomes have been identified between the use of allograft and autograft. Patients generally are able to return to light recreational activities and work. Discussion/Conclusion: Arthroscopic SCR yields favorable results in the setting of a massive, irreparable rotator cuff tear. Meticulous surgical technique is needed to avoid intraoperative surgical complications. The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication. Graphical Abstract This is a visual representation of the abstract.


In this paper, we consider a discrete time version of the endogenous growth model developed by Barro [1], but augmented in order to consider public production. Policy solutions are characterized to maximize the social welfare and stabilize the economy. More intervention is required under a higher elasticity of intertemporal substitution, because the public good is a productive externality. As soon as the growth rate of the economy lowers, indeterminacy can be generated by higher degrees of private production, and, then, even a small proportion of public production can have a stabilizing effect. Moreover, the way the public dividends are used matters for the stability properties of the economy: public dividends are used to provide flows of public services and/or long-run infrastructures. According to the value of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution and the proportion of public and private production, a higher share of public dividends used to install infrastructures can stabilize the economy. Endogenous fluctuations are possible within the model for plausible calibrations.


In Africa, Botswana is widely regarded as a frontrunner in democratic politics. But the local political system has been wanting in some aspects. If political legitimacy may be high in "the land of Tswanas", in many respects political leaders have denied Botswana's citizens a freedom to shape their political future. To understand the failure of parliamentary institutions in Botswana, we propose to study what Carl Schmitt termed "political decisionism". Decisionism continues to be relevant to our understanding of the functioning of sovereign state in a country where the political spectrum mainly rests on ethnic and religious affiliations around a strong leader whose legitimacy goes beyond parliamentary criteria.


1. Introduction 2. Cardiovascular Emergencies 3. Major Trauma 4. Orthopedics 5. Pediatrics 6. Toxicology 7. Endocrine, Metabolic, and Fluid and Electrolyte Emergencies 8. Infectious, Allergic, Hematologic, and Oncologic Emergencies 9. Thoracic and Respiratory Emergencies 10. Abdominal and Gastrointestinal Emergencies 11. Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies 12. Environmental Emergencies 13. Head, Ear, Eye, Nose, Throat and Dental Emergencies 14. Neurologic and Psychiatric Emergencies 15. Dermatologic Emergencies 16. Renal and Urogenital Emergencies 17. Procedures and Skills - including airway management, vascular access, and conscious sedation 18. EMS / Disaster Medicine / ED Administration 19. Ethics / Legal Aspects of Emergency Medicine


The performances and mechanism of Fe/C reduction-A/O process for the t reatment of chloronitrobenzenes manufacture wastewater were studied in this pape r The results showed that main pollutants in effluent from integrated process were up to the second standard of GB8978-96 at influent COD 1241-1608 mg/L,ni tro benzene 52 0-69 2 mg/L,aniline 161 1-260 2 mg/L, when HRT was set up t o be 1 h in Fe/C reduction unit , 10-12 h / 36-48 h in the anoxic / anaerobic biol ogical reactors, respectively, and addition of 0 5-2‰ FeCl 3 as the post-tr eatm ent agent The GC-MS analytical results indicated the typical toxic organic po ll utants, such as chloronitrobenzene, chloroaniline, and aniline were transformed and decomposed in this integrated process, mechanism of organics transformation and degradation by Fe/C or microorganism was also suggested


In this paper four major milestones in the development of optimization models are identified in the perspective of policy decision making for mobility and land development. These milestones definition is arbitrary and is motivated only with the purpose of helping the reader in following the contribution of mathematical programming techniques into the decision-making tools that have been, and still are, practically adopted in strategic and planning territory management. The milestones defined will be referred as: Linear Programming, Integer and Mixed Integer Programming, Integration of Optimization Models in Real-Time ICT Architectures, Optimization and Business Analytics. We introduce the reader into the evolution of optimization models so that the contribution of the new outcomes in relation to applications in transportation and mobility appears more evident. The paper is organized as follows. In section 2 the main characteristics of Linear Programming, which are at the base of any optimization model are recalled and the evolution seen from the application point of view is sketched. Section 3 underlines the difference between linear programming and integer programming and some example of integer optimization problems on graphs are given. In Section 4 the role of optimization model with respect to Information and Communication Technology development for transportation is briefly described. Finally, in Section 5 is presented an example of application of optimization for mobile services for tourism in metropolitan areas. The reader should relay on the references for further investigations.


Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) is a key application in the smart grid, and its charging activity has become a vital threat to the grid operation. Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging and discharging technology can effectively utilize the PEVs to enhance the reliability and economical efficiency of the grid system operation, and the V2G-based PEV charging and discharging facilities provide a platform for the V2G-PEVs utilization. This paper comprehensively analyzes and summarizes the operational model, key techniques and study the progress of existing V2G-based PEV charging and discharging facilities, then proposed their development priorities that are suitable for China's grid construction, providing ideas for the construction of PEV charging and discharging facilities as well as developing V2G technologies in China.


With many years development,electric valve actuator has been a hige scientific and technical product with mechanical electronic.Applies of new technical of field bus and frequency converter motor will add more choices for design of electric valve actuator. Electric valve actuator will be more suitable for processes control of modern industry in future.


This review systematically discusses the research developments of laser strengthening and laser remanufacturing techniques, home and abroad, as well as several problems and the solving outlets, through views of materials, process and equipments.


Four compounds within a range of solid solution Ba2-xNd1+xCu3Oy (where x ranges from 0 to 0.8) are examined by transmission electron microscopy. Ba2NdCu3Oy, with Tc= 83 K, has an ortho rhombic structure with twinned microstructure, similar to that of Ba2YCu3Oy with Tc= 90 K. Ba1.8Nd1.2Cu3Oy, with Tc= 45 K, and Ba1.5Nd1.5Cu3Oy (nonsuperconductor) are both tetragonal, but the latter has a domain structure where the c axes of neighboring domains are perpendicular to each other. Ba1.2Nd1.8Cu3Oy (nonsuperconductor) has a superstructure with As=2a, Bs=b and Cs=2c. Two possible models of the superstructure are proposed.


The goal of this experiment is to determine the origin of cardiomyocyte stem cells during heart regeneration in the Red‐Spotted Newt Notophthalmus viridescens, a urodele amphibian. Urodele amphibians like the salamander have been shown to regenerate limbs and heart tissue when severely damaged. Though several mechanisms for tissue regeneration have been proposed, the origin of the stem cells responsible for this re‐growth is unknown. Danio rerio (zebrafish) has been extensively studied for its organ regenerative abilities, and was used as the basis for this study. Instead of forming a blastema upon damage to the heart tissue, as in zebrafish, newts form a blood clot that is populated with dividing cells ‐ indicating that the stem cells originate from the blood clot. To explore this regeneration process, RT‐PCR was performed on RNA extracted from blood clots and tissue of regenerating and non‐regenerating newts in order to confirm expression of newt homologs of transcription factors tbx20, nkx2.5 and gata4 which are expressed during zebrafish heart regeneration. This research was funded by a Hartwick College Faculty Research Grant to AJP and the Department of Chemistry.


This chapter describes the challenges in implementing science instruction in juvenile corrections settings and present a tablet-based model for meeting the complex challenges. Project RAISE is a Project-based Inquiry Science (PBIS) curriculum designed in the Universal Design for Learning framework. It is developed in a tablet platform, and is designed to meet the unique needs of incarcerated learners. The chapter describes the juvenile justice educational setting, the characteristics of the classrooms, the learners, and the teachers. It provides an overview of one iBook that has been co-designed and tested with incarcerated learners. The Use of Tablet Technology to Support Inquiry Science for Students Incarcerated in Juvenile Justice Settings


P2Y receptor regulation of anion secretion was investigated in porcine endometrial gland (PEG) epithelial cells. P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6 receptors were detected in monolayers of PEG cells and immunocytochemistry indicated that P2Y4 receptors were located in the apical membrane. Apical membrane current measurements showed that Ca2+‐dependent and PKC‐dependent Cl− channels were activated following treatment with uridine triphosphate (UTP) (5 µM). Current‐voltage relationships comparing calcium‐dependent and PKC‐dependent UTP responses under biionic conditions showed significant differences in selectivity between Cl− and I− for the PKC‐dependent conductance (PI/PCl = 0.76), but not for Ca2+‐dependent conductance (PI/PCl = 1.02). The I−/Cl− permeability ratio for the PKC‐dependent conductance was identical to that measured for 8‐cpt cAMP. Furthermore, PKC stimulation using phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) activated an apical membrane Cl− conductance that was blocked by the CFTR selective inhibitor, CFTRinh‐172. CFTR silencing, accomplished by stable expression of small hairpin RNAs (shRNA), blocked the PKC‐activated conductance associated with UTP stimulation and provided definitive evidence of a role for CFTR in anion secretion. CFTR activation increased the initial magnitude of Cl− secretion, and provided a more sustained secretory response compared to conditions where only Ca2+‐activated Cl− channels were activated by UTP. Measurements of [cAMP]i following UTP and PMA stimulation were not significantly different than untreated controls. Thus, these results demonstrate that UTP and PMA activation of CFTR occurs independently of increases in intracellular cAMP and extend the findings of earlier studies of CFTR regulation by PKC in Xenopus oocytes to a mammalian anion secreting epithelium. J.Cell.Physiol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


ABSTRACT This article investigates the role of social and technological factors in enabling sustainable creative participation in online environments. To facilitate a deeper understanding of these dynamics, I describe and analyse the implementation of a creative participatory project across three online platforms: as a series of tasks on Mechanical Turk, as a public collaboration on hitRECord, and as a participatory online course on Peer 2 Peer University. In discussing the three implementations, particular attention is paid to the norms and hierarchies of participation on each platform, the motivations driving participants to engage in online creative projects, and the significance of technological features in supporting the aims and ethos of participation in each case. This comparative analysis allows for a better understanding of the factors that facilitate or, conversely, hinder participatory creativity online, contributing to contemporary discussions aiming to explicate the parameters of creative participation and collaboration in online projects.


The Minister of Economic Affairs of Taiwan announced in 2006 that the sales volumes of the manufacturing industry of Taiwan were continuously increased from 2000 to 2005 where the manufacturing industry took 21.95% and 21.4% in the gross domestic product of Taiwan in 2004 and 2005, respectively. It is no doubt that the manufacturing industry is both important and significant to Taiwan's economy. Many manufacturing companies of Taiwan are currently transforming from OEM-oriented companies to ODM- or OBM-oriented companies. Consequently, researches about collaborative design of Taiwan grow rapidly nowadays. This research interviewed dozens of manufacturing companies of Taiwan and collected information of their computerization capabilities. By the corresponding information of these surveyed companies, this research studied issues of collaborative design of the manufacturing industry of Taiwan. For strengthening the industrial competitiveness of Taiwan, a computerized collaborative design platform was proposed for the industrial companies of Taiwan.


In this study, Alloy I (Al-9.8Si-1.8Ag-0.1 Cu). Alloy II (Al-10Si-1.8Ag-0.5Cu.0.2Zu), and AISl12 (Al-11.6Si-0.02Zn-0.2Fe-0.002Na, made in Germany) were used brazing of Al bar and Al tube with high-frequency induction heating process. The microstructure of specimen was closely researched by using optical microscope, SEM, and EPMA. The mechanical propertics were investigated by tensile test, and fatigue test. In brazing of Al with high frequency induction heating, Ag, (Cu and Zn of filler metal were dispersed uniformly in the brazed seam. The brazed joints with Alloy I. Alloy II filler metal provided sufficient joint streagth which were close-by to that of the base metal. In brazing of Al tube Alloy II filler metal showed very good strength and fatigue properties to compared with Alloy I and AlSi12 filler metals.


The Bank of Montreal and SAS Institute (Canada) Inc. have collaborated 00 the development of an IS system which supports the sales and executive arm of the Co!porate and Institutional Financial Services Group. Key coosiderations of the project, from both the business user and development/support perspectives, included:


Aiming at the characteristics of campus information system,the campus information portal platform based on Spring Portlet has been implemented.This platform makes the distributed and heterogeneous application and information resources aggregated.Through the unified access,it achieves a great integration of various applications and provides a integrated environment of information access,information transmission and collaboration.It also implements the efficient development,integration and management of Web applications.