Background : Approximately one in seven American men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. The mevalonate pathway produces essential intermediates for the post-translational prenylation and dolichylation of growth-associated proteins including Ras, nuclear lamins and growth factor receptors. Dysregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, in prostate cancer cells supports tumor growth and therefore can be targeted for prostate cancer prevention and therapy. Previous studies have shown that isoprenoids including tocotrienols and xanthorrhizol suppress the growth of prostate cancer cells with concomitant downregulation of HMG CoA reductase. Objective : To determine the synergistic effects of d -δ-tocotrienol and xanthorrhizol on growth of human DU-145 prostate carcinoma cells. Methods Statistical analysis : All experiments were repeated 3 times. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to assess the differences between groups using Prism Ⓡ 4.0 software (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA). Differences in means was assessed using Tukey's test. Levels of significance are indicated as P < 0.05. Results : Blends of d -δ-tocotrienol and xanthorrhizol showed greater inhibition of cell growth than those of individual compounds. Current results did not show a significant change in cell cycle distribution or down regulation of Cdk4 and cyclin D1 with the combination of compounds. The level of procaspase-3 for apoptosis initiation was also not altered. Conclusion : Further studies are warranted to confirm these initial findings and the mechanisms underlying the combined effect of d -δ-tocotrienol and xanthorrhizol cell


Objective: To explore the reasons for secretory otitis media occurring after functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Methods: The eustachian tube function was examined in 50 cases(78 sides) of sinusitis at pre-and post-operation.Besides following-up,endoscopy of pharyngeal ostium of eustachian tube was performed to explore the rate and causes for secretory otitis media.Results: Among the 78 ears,70 ears got normal eustachian tube function and 8 abnormal preoperatively,whereas 56 ears got normal and 22 abnormal postoperatively,which was statistically significant (P0.05);swelling pharyngeal ostium of eustachian tube was found in 8 ears having normal eustachian tube function and in 16 ears having abnormal postoperatively(P0.05);secretory otitis media was found in 10 ears,of which swellimg pharyngeal ostium of eustachian tube was found in 9 and normal pharyngeal ostium of eustachian tube was found in 1 (P0.05).Conclusion: It is possible to cause pathological change of pharyngeal ostium of eustachian tube and lead to eustachian tube disfunction or secretory otitis media after functional endoscopic sinus surgery.


Translation changes things. Words, phrases, and their combinations carry their own world of associations which are rarely if ever able to be reproduced in translation. That translation works reflects effective choice of equivalents or approximations. Sometimes we may see sufficient indication to identify translational intent. Sometimes the translation creates new possibilities of meaning and interpretation, apparently without a translator's intent or awareness of this outcome. Investigating the reception of a text entails listening to how it has been listened to and as far as possible seeking to understand why a text was understood the way it was and how the new recipient used it. It is an interesting investigation in itself, but particularly where a translation, because of its own world of associations, may open paths of understanding not present or even possible in the home text which has been translated.


According to the decision attributes of green manufacturing and requirements of remanufacturing, an evaluation index system of waste product recycling ability was established, the weight of every level index was determined by using analytic hierarchy process, according to the fuzziness and uncertainty of evaluation index, the recycling ability was evaluated by applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and an example was given. The result shows that the method is simple, accurate and has a good application.


The invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner and a method for controlling a motor vehicle air conditioner, which is specifically designed to prevent refrigerant leakage in the vehicle interior. The motor vehicle air conditioning unit (1) having in a housing (2) arranged evaporator (3) and a heating heat exchanger (4) and at least one cold air valve (5, 10, 11) and at least one hot-air flap (6, 8, 9) and a drain orifice (7 ), the motor vehicle air conditioning unit (1) (by flowing air with closed temperature flaps (5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11) to the evaporator (3) through the discharge port (7) to the environment or in the engine compartment of the motor vehicle air-conditioning unit 1) ausleitbar.


Tomato (Solanum esculentum L.) is an important vegetable crop cultivated throughout India. The crop is extensively damaged by alepidopteran insect, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (fruit borer). To mitigate this problem, an attempt was made to generate transgenic tomato plants resistant to fruit borer. The regeneration protocol being pre-requisite for any transformation studies, 1.0 mg L−1 BAP (Benzyl amino purine) in combination with 0.2 mg L−1 IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) was standardized as shoot regeneration media for tomato cv. Pusa Ruby using leaf explant. The highest callus initiation (100%) and an average number of shoots (3.9) were obtained in the above media. Rooting was observed at 2.0 mg L−1 of IBA(Indole-3-butyric acid) with a highest average number of roots (1.06). The transformation system has been established by Biolistic Gun method using plant binary vector pCAMBIA2300 mobilized into the Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 carrying cry2AX1 under the control of CaMV 35S promoter. The callus of tomato was bombarded twice from three different distances between tissue and macro carrier assembly. The highest transformation efficiency (75%) was obtained at distance 9 cm and transformants were screened using 50 mg L−1 of kanamycin. Out of 72 explants bombarded, only six explants developed completely but only two putative transformed plants were successfully hardened in the greenhouse. The integration and expression of the cry2AX1 gene in transformed plants were confirmed by PCR and Quantitative ELISA. The cry2AX1 protein accumulated in leaf quantified by ELISA has recorded 38.9 and 79.9 ng ml−1 respectively compared to 129 ng ml−1 of protein sample in positive control.


The article is an analysis of pasquils about Bishops Stanislaw Jozef Hozjusz, Jan Aleksander Lipski and Krzysztof Antoni Szembek. There are the pieces of occasionally political poetry from the period of the interregnum after the death of August II Sas and the fight for the crown by two rivals: his son's August III and Stanislaw Leszczynski (in the years 1733–1736). The Bishops, who come under attack, were adherents of Fryderyk August, but the occasional poetry was written by adherents of Leszczynski, August's political antagonists. The article presents various political faults, symbols of betrayal, and heraldic conceits which were used to bring discredit on clergy. The author shows the adopted strategies which were used in the polemical poems.


brain:plasma ratio. It has clearly not been possible, with these predictive parameters, to correctly predict the availability of drug molecules in the molecular proximity of the active site or ligand binding site. The failure to correlate these two measures with satisfactory pharmacological end points provided the motivation to develop a new concept.The emerging new principle involves making a clear distinction between the permeation rate and the extent of brain distribution in a steady state condition


In this work, a security metric to quantify the stability effects after integration of different levels of renewable energy sources (RES) in extra-large power systems is presented. The comparison is carried out through extensive number of Root Mean Square (RMS) simulations, using as a test system the initial dynamic model of continental Europe under different scenarios representing the implementation of combined energy strategies across Europe. The RMS simulations were performed using the commercial power system software DIgSILENT PowerFactory. The stability effects in the entire system are analysed, as result of massive integration of RES in 13 of the most significant countries e.g. those who have been modelled in more detail. The result of three study cases are presented, corresponding to the increase of different levels of renewable penetration: 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. The results are compared in terms of the frequency response but also on the evolution of the proposed stability metric. The results suggest that countries located in the Eastern part of Europe are more sensitive to massive integration of RES than the rest of the network, from a global stability perspective.


In most modern legal systems the prosecution of offences is conducted by government-employed or appointed officials on behalf of the State. Nevertheless it is generally recognised that private individuals also have an important, if somewhat diminished, role to play in this process. Recent legislation introduced into one of the 21 states of Nigeria has however partially abolished the right of private prosecution except in relation to the offence of perjury. This and the additional controversy surrounding one man's attempts to prosecute two government security agents for the murder of his friend has generated a surge of interest in a topic which has for the most part been largely ignored. This article traces from an historical perspective the role of the private prosecutor in Nigerian traditional society and under its present legal system. An attempt is then made to examine the powers, obligations and importance of the private prosecutor in Nigeria today, and to identify and suggest the checks and balances that are needed to preserve the right of the citizen to seek judicial redress by private prosecution when otherwise justice would be denied.


Student input is insightful when reviewing an assignment, project, or otherwise engaging task within the framework of a required course. Most research dissects instructor observations and neglects to consider the student aspect and reflections as they relate to their experiences navigating the capstone course. An undergraduate engineering technology program at a well-established land grant University in the Midwest requires students to complete a two-semester series capstone course. This course, as well as others in the same genre, works cooperatively with relevant industry to provide students with projects appropriate to their skills and abilities. The course is usually administered with the first part including a proposal or project definition, and the second part is implementation or solution phase. The intention of capstone courses is to apply knowledge acquired during tenure at college, provide students with an understanding of the industrial workplace, to expose the students to the ambiguity and uncertainty of engineering projects, and to hone their problem-solving skills within the context of their chosen career. Student thoughts and concerns were examined using the lessons learned from an engineering technology capstone course that was provided as part of the final course assignment. Each team provided input that spanned technical issues to team-formation concerns and dealing with ambiguity. A qualitative content analysis was completed on the essays extracted from the final course assignment and analyzed for content, with the intent of sharing through scholarly work and dissemination. It is the authors' intent to inform practice of the various issues brought forth by the aviation technology students.


A generalized structure of the system for computer monitoring of cooked sausage production quality and safety is offered. The above system provides for integration of instrumental means and laboratory control results forming an information massif on the quality of meat processing into cooked sausage goods with information-computing and apparatusprogram complexes that process the above information.


The existence of dynamic objects dramatically depresses the performance of localization and mapping of SLAM systems. In this paper, we propose a novel indoor dynamic visual SLAM framework based on human detection and geometric constraints to solve the problem caused by the dynamic object. We first use semantic segmentation model, DeeplabV3, to detect human and then use spatial geometric constraints to further remove dynamic feature points. Several experiments on TUM datasets and Bonn datasets have shown that our performances, in terms of absolute trajectory error (ATE), are 91% to 99% higher than that of ORBSLAM2.


Blood and tissue samples were taken from 105 goats including 60 Boer goats (30 for each sex), 30 Xuhuai goats (15 for each sex) and 15 Haimen goats (7 stud and 8 does). DNA was abstracted and DNA pools were constructed on the basis of goat breed. In 36 selective primer combinations, 29 combinations amplified totally 3 253 markers, including 92 polymorphic markers by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). On average, 3.17 polymorphic markers were amplified per combination, with a polymorphic frequency of 2.8%. The primer combinations by which more polymorphic markers (showed in brackets) were obtained involved in E00+ACG/M00+CAA (13), E00+ACG/M00+CAG (10), E00+AAC/M00+CAC (8) and E00+AAC/M00+ACT (7). A total of 183 markers including 60 polymorphic markers were amplified by RAPD from the pooled DNA of three breeds using 22 primer with strong polymorphism and high repeatability selected from 93 arbitrary primers. On average, 2.73 polymorphic markers were amplified per primer, with a polymorphic frequency of 32.8%. The results of AFLP and RAPD coincidently suggested that the genetic distance is the closest between the Xuhuai and the Haimen goat, next between the Xuhuai and Boer goat, and the farthest between the Haimen and the Boer goat. According to the UPGMA method, Haimen and Xuhuai goats can be gathered together as a cluster, then the Boer. Both methods can implicate the genetic difference of these three breeds, in particularly AFLP has more polymorphic markers.


The traditional conception of filial piety still has an abroad and far-reaching influence on contemporary rural areas. To the essence of it, most of the rural residents can inherit and to the dross, they usually analyze and judge rationally. What's more, they endure it with the new conception of era, so the new conception of filial piety with era characteristics come into being. The tradition of filial piety have important realistic value in contemporary rural areas, however, in order to serve the socialist spiritual civilization construction better, we must transform it to modern conception of filial piety and rely on coordination of various meas.ures to ensure the implementation and popularize of new mode of filial piety.


Objective: T o establish the standardization parameters for complete pharmacognostic evaluation of stems of Thespesia lampas ( T. lampas ) ( C av. ) D alz & G ibs ( M alvaceae ) , an important plant in the I ndian system of medicine. Methods : M orphological, microscopical, physico-chemical evaluations, florescence analysis of T. lampas stems were investigated and preliminary phytochemical analysis, GC - MS analysis and HPTLC fingerprinting were carried out for qualitative phytochemical evaluation of various extracts of stems of T. lampas . Results: C hemo-microscopy revealed the presence of lignin, starch grains and calcium oxalate crystals. P hysicochemical evaluation used to determine numerical standards showed a result with total ash ( 9 . 03 ± 0 . 05 ) % w/w, acid insoluble ash ( 1 . 50 ± 0 . 01 ) % w/w, water soluble ash ( 2 . 51 ± 0 . 02 ) % w/w, sulphated ash ( 7 . 50 ± 0 . 01 ) % w/w, ethanol soluble extractive ( 0 . 24 ± 0 . 02 ) % w/w, water soluble extractive ( 0 . 08 ± 0 . 01 ) % w/w, moisture content ( 6 . 03 ± 0 . 05 ) % w/w and total crude fibre content of stem powder ( 47 . 36 ± 0 . 32 ) % w/w. B ehavior characteristics of the stem powder showed presence of steroids, starch, alkaloid, flavonoids and proteins. P reliminary phytochemical analysis revealed presence of glycosides, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates and proteins. GC - MS analysis showed the presence of fatty acids such as dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, n- hexadecanoic acid, 9 -tetradecenal and HPTLC fingerprinting revealed the presence of 毬 – sitosterol and quercetin in stems of T. lampas . Conclusions: T he pharmacognostic standardization of T. lampas is useful towards establishing standards for quality, purity and sample identification.


Through field survey and literature review,it was found that there were 25 families,56 genera and 149 species of vertical greening plants in Lushan Mountain. The characteristic of rich species composition and diverse climbing ways were analyzed. According to the landscape effects,selection standard was set up and 20 kinds of vertical greening plants with higher ornamental value were selected,their habits and ornamental characteristic were described,as well as special selection and ornamental value,which provided a reference for wild vertical greening plants to be used in landscape application.


Models of the voice telecommunications infrastructure have focused on the availability of the network during a disruption without accounting for the workforce necessary to provide repair and recovery functions for that network. This paper describes a system dynamics model of the maintenance operations of the voice telecommunications infrastructure and explores the effects of large and prolonged worker absence on the ability to keep the infrastructure operating. Analysis shows that the voice telecommunications infrastructure is highly resilient to the loss of a large portion of its workforce.


At the annual Flash Memory Summits, we have shown an everexpanding timeline for the history of flash memory, starting in 1967 with the invention of the floating gate memory device by Kahng and Sze of Bell Labs (Figure 1). The timeline now goes out to midyear 2016. We include this timeline with this article to illustrate the development of this key storage technology for many consumer devices. Jim Handy, Brian Berg, and Tom Coughlin put together this ever-growing timeline of advances in solid-state memory and its applications.


This paper compares the below-market and net discount rate methods. These are widely used to estimate damage awards in tort cases involving earnings loss. Although nested in the same valuation model, they use information differently, require different procedures, and are fundamentally different methods. The below-market method requires explicit forecasts of future earnings, which are then discounted. On the other hand, the net discount rate method dispenses with the need to identify the stream of future earnings; instead, it combines growth and discounting into a single operation via a historical net discount rate.


Background/Introduction: The Standard Operating Procedure for Coordination of Emergency Medical Teams in ASEAN (EMT SOP) was developed to facilitate the swift deployment of I-EMTs by ASEAN Member States (AMS) to disaster-affected countries in the ASEAN region and to effectively provide appropriate medical services to the affected population. It is one of the various products and activities by the ARCH Project, which was implemented in collaboration between ASEAN and Japan from 2016 through 2021. The EMT SOP was developed in line with the WHO EMT Initiative, and various WHO forms have been incorporated as ASEAN official forms for the management and coordination of I-EMT. Objectives: On the other hand, disaster management in ASEAN is conducted by National Disaster Management Organization (NDMO) of each AMS under the coordination of the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (AHA Centre) in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedure for Regional Standby Arrangements and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency Response Operations (SASOP), the sole official document for ASEAN regional collaboration in disasters, and AMS I-EMTs are required to follow the SASOP for their deployment to the affected AMS. Method/Description: Discussions were held between the NDMOs and MOHs, and a table-top exercise to test the EMT SOP was conducted involving NDMOs and MOHs with the facilitation of the AHA Centre. Results/Outcomes: The EMT SOP has been incorporated as an additional chapter of the SASOP. Conclusion: The institutionalization of the EMT SOP is an important milestone in strengthening the ASEAN regional cooperation mechanism on disaster management.


Organ segmentation is an important step in various medical image applications. Accurate spleen segmentation in abdominal CT images is one of the most important steps for computer aided spleen pathology diagnosis. In this paper, we have proposed a new semiautomatic algorithm for spleen area extraction in abdominal CT images. The algorithm contains several stages. A spleen segmentation method is based on watershed approach. The first, we seek to determine the region of interest by applying the morphological filters such as the geodesic reconstruction to extract the spleen. Secondly, a pre-processing method is employed. In this step, we propose a method for improving the image gradient by applying the spatial filters followed by the morphological filters. Thereafter we proceed to the spleen segmentation by the watershed transform controlled by markers. The new segmentation technique has been evaluated on different CT images, by comparing the semi-automatically detected spleen contour to the spleen boundaries manually traced by an expert. The experimental results are described in the last part in this work. The automated method provides a sensitivity of 95% with specificity of 99% and performs better than other related methods.


Covid-19 pandemic has forced the teaching and learning activity into real time and real-world education meetings. The traditional physical and face-to-face meetings are avoided in accordance to reducing the close physical contacts among individuals. Thus, a new paradigm shift towards teaching and learning needs to be highly enforced. Teaching and learning on medical field especially require for real world anatomy against human or living things body. In response to providing the facility for medical teachers and learners, Gross Anatomy Augmented Reality (GAAR) is introduced. GAAR is an android mobile Augmented Reality (AR) learning tool to assist the educators and learners in internalizing 3D human anatomy with more fun and interactivity. The AR methodology is implied to attract the personal impacts and feelings towards operating of close to 'real' organ during anatomy practices. Traditional learning methods are changed with AR technology through small digital device. This application may be able to show the students the actual form of human gross anatomy and assist the teachers or educators' in explaining the sciences behind human body in more interactive and interesting. Furthermore, this application uses a 3-dimensional object, video and interactive info so that students are interested in using this application. The AR for education and learning is vital in bridging the digital divide among all generations through the conversion of static pictures into real-like 3D animation. The implementation results show that, through the real visualization, small to adult learners can imitate the real truth on human organ and how this can motivate them to take care of their bodies that would lead to a healthier living styles as well as easy memorizing of the subject contents. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.


Maintenance simulation plays an important role in maintainability design and analysis of products. The immersive virtual maintenance simulation, with motion capture devices driving the virtual personnel to perform the same action as the operator does, can make the maintenance simulation more real and valuable. However, because of a lack of interaction approach between the operator and simulation system, the operator cannot drive the virtual personnel to interact with 3D entities in virtual environment, and consequently, interactions like grasping and carrying become impossible. Therefore, three is a great need to find a way to deal with the plight. In this paper, a speech recognition-based interaction approach is put forward for immersive virtual maintenance simulation to help the operator to control the interaction process with voice command. Based on analysis on maintenance action, an abstract mechanism for instruction language is developed. Next, the paper gives the simulation framework for speech recognition-based immersive virtual maintenance simulation system. Through Microsoft Speech SDK and Secondary Development Technology of DELMIA, a functional simulation system is built and used to carry out an engine maintenance simulation. The result of this application shows the efficiency and effectiveness of the speech recognition-based interaction approach proposed for immersive virtual maintenance simulation.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the sleep quality of the first year students of health education and to examine the relation with some healthy life behaviors. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between November-December 2016. The universe of the research is the first year students in the faculties of Pamukkale University health education. It was aimed to involve all individuals in the field of the research. In the question form with 48 questions, socio demographic characteristics, nutrition characteristics, physical activity level, smoking habits, alcohol addiction and screen usage of the students were questioned. The sleep quality of the students was assessed by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PUKI). Results: The total number of students participating in the survey is 492. 72.2% of students in this cross-sectional study had poor sleep quality. The average age of the students was 18.5 ± 1.5 and 65.2% were female students. Health science faculty students have the best sleep quality compared to other departments. The presence of sleep disorders in the family, consuming energy drink, and staying at apart home or dormitory were found to be independent risk factors for poor sleep quality. Conclusion:As a result, the majority of students have poor sleep quality. The poor sleep quality is related to the student's department, the place he or she stays, the story of sleep disorders in the family, and the use of energy drink.


In this paper, we are describing a new procedure for the synthesis of metallicand intermetallic-matrix composites from powders obtained by mechanical alloying, subsequently coated by magnetron sputtering and compacted by hot isostatic pressing. Mixtures of Ti 62.5Si37.5 and Ti Si (numbers indicate at.%) were mechanically-alloyed from elemental titanium and silicon powders in a planetary ball-mill for 50 h and s l properties o is n g w s and in the d ©


Through the design verification of a 0.18 μm CMOS low power Sigma-Delta ADC modulator,a new deep-submicron mixed-signal system design method is presented in this paper.Compared to traditional design flow,the SIMULINK model is adopted in the systematical behavioural verification,and the SPICE macro model to transistor circuit design as the circuit level verification method is created.The macro model gets 97.5% precision but only cost 6.5% simulation time of the fine circuit level.The transistor circuits can be designed according to the macromodel specification and verified only in one time,resulting in improvement of the system design efficiency.


An algorithm for finding global optima using statistical prediction is presented. Assuming a random function model, lower confidence bounds on predicted values are used for sequential selection of evaluation points and as a convergence criterion. Comparison with published results for several test functions indicates that the procedure is very efficient in finding the global optimum of a multimodal function, and in terminating with relatively few evaluations.<<ETX>>


Objective: To evaluate the role of 64-MSCT,CTA and DSA in the diagnosis of carotid body tumor.Methods: 13 patients with carotid body tumors were collected between January 1998 and December 2007,of whom 8 cases were checked by DSA,and 5 cases were checked by 64-MSCT and CTA.The information of the Willis circle and cerebral collateral circulation of 9 cases were evaluated by DSA and the tumor's feeding arterial vessels of 6 cases were embolized before operation.Results: 64-MSCT,CTA and DSA all showed the common radiological features of carotid body tumors.The images performed by 64-MSCTA were clear,direct and multi-angle on reflecting the relationship between tumor and carotid artery,while DSA was useful in temporary balloon occlusion of internal carotid artery and tumor's feeding vessels embolization.Conclusion: 64-MSCT,CTA and DSA all play an important role on the diagnosis of carotid body tumor,and different techniques are carried out according to the purpose.


The present invention relates to a high-frequency speakers, particularly pleated folds back in, as well as by in a slim form of a long and narrow rectangular shape width using a pleated diaphragm of a rectangular block shape so as to facilitate application to a thin display device folds the diaphragm sound is directed to a high-frequency speakers (tweeters air motion transformer) blocks that are exposed to the outside, and with the diaphragm, characterized in that folds which can prevent the unnecessary noises from occurring.


Institutions worldwide be it public and private always strive to embrace sustainability and good management ideologies for continue growth, relevance and progress. Though different ideologies have both the positive and negative effect on the standard of measurement of performance. Triple Bottom Line ideology with core fulcrum of stomach infrastructure has been around for some time but different terms where use to elicit there features. In this paper we project the TBL ideology in relation to stomach infrastructures with emphasis on developing countries using Nigeria as an example. Some of the challenges and generalists views were discussed using adequate references. This paper aims to critically evaluate the importance of Triple Bottom Line ideology (Financial, Social and Environmental) and awareness on the part of researchers' academicians, policy stakeholders in government and private institutions on the important role ideologies place in sustainability and management of organizations. It surveys the TBL idea, clarifies how it can be helpful to organizations, arrangement creators and financial advancement experts as well as highlighting some contemporary illustrations of putting the TBL into practice dictating the stomach infrastructure ideology.


SIR John Harris' has written an interesting paper on the ethical debate which has surrounded the cloning of the lamb, Dolly, by adult nuclear transfer from mammary gland cells. In it he rightly attacks the philosophical coherence of the rejection of the principle ofcloning for the purposes of human reproduction. Those who do so fall into the trap of providing justifications which were they to be applied universally, would lead amongst other things to the abolition of all in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment, the condemnation of identical twins to a life of inevitable indignity and the illegality of having children for instrumental purposes for any reasons other than as "ends in the themselves" (which of course means most of them). In his exposure of the weakness of such arguments Harris appears to endorse research into cloning for reproductive purposes, bidding Dolly a cautious "Hello". While we have no objection to the same conclusion in principle, dramatic moral problems must be faced in squaring such research with an acceptable risk/ benefit ratio for the first resulting cloned human. Although it is impossible properly to calculate the risks to individual participants in any medical research until it is completed, there must be some substantial evidence of an acceptable projection of risks for it to be allowed to start. Thus at some point a decision will have to be made that the risks for the first cloned child will be minimal enough to be at least consistent with the interests of the resulting child. Yet scientifically it is unclear whether we will ever be able to arrive at such a conclusion with enough certainty to allow this first experimental clone to occur. One mechanism for the production of disease is by somatic mutation of the "healthy" allele at a heterozygous locus. This causes "loss of constitutional heterozygosity" and can predispose individuals in which it occurs to the development of cancers and immunological disease.2 Such somatic mutations occur with aging and may in part be due to infidelity of DNA copying during rounds of mitosis. The spontaneous rates of mutation can be very variable depending on the cell type, the locus considered and the previous exposure of the individual to mutational agents (for example, sunlight, ionising radiation, specific chemicals and foodstuffs etc.') Mutations can accumulate in nuclei of both somatic and germ-line cells and on the basis of current understanding the accumulation is not negligible and cannot be identified by inspection of a nucleus at any specific time unless the DNA is extracted for analysis of such mutants. Unlike cloning, one advantage of sexual reproduction, including IVF, is that the zygote now receives a new random assortment of alleles from both parents so that previous somatic mutations from one parent are now paired with alleles of the other. This "dilutes", as it were, the load of somatic mutations from each parent. If unluckily both parents carry recessive disease-related alleles at the same locus then this "dilution" no longer occurs and 1:4 of their offspring are likely to develop the disease. This is more probable if the parents are closely related since they are then more likely to possess similar recessive mutations at identical loci hence the genetic hazards of consanguineous marriages. Asexual reproduction bypasses this new assortment of alleles and the acquired somatic mutations of the adult nucleus used for cloning will be transmitted to the next generation where the on-going rate of somatic mutation will produce further loss of heterozygosity. Again this may lead to an increased incidence of cancer, immunological disease and rate of aging. For this reason, without a dramatic breakthrough in genetic analysis, it will remain impossible to calculate the risks of the experimental creation of cloned humans for the individual involved. Yet until this is done, such creation violates all the accepted principles of research ethics, especially since the participating subject is unable in principle to give consent.4 Hence the moral paradox of human cloning. The risk is the handicap of a child from birth with a multitude of somatic mutations in the adult nucleus used for transfer. Yet until it is tried, it is unclear how we will ever know the extent of expression of these mutant alleles after introduction into a human gamete. Provided that research on cloning humans remains subject to standard principles of research ethics, it is hard to see how this Catch 22 situation can be overcome. We believe that this argument should figure more prominently in ethico-legal discussions about this fascinating subject, especially since it is the first which must be faced if the creation of the first cloned human is to be allowed at all.


This paper discusses research undertaken to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of shielded packages for protecting commercial microelectronics against ionizing dose from electrons and protons in space. The IC shielded package design data base was extended to include all important shield parameters (thickness, atomic number (Z), and edge effects). The shielding effectiveness of these packages was calculated using both forward and adjoint Monte Carlo codes, and the results verified using new methods to simulate omnidirectional electron and proton radiation exposure. Furthermore, a method was developed permitting manufacturers to describe shielded packages in such a way that their effectiveness in any orbit can be quickly and accurately calculated by the user. Finally, it was demonstrated experimentally that shielding with high atomic number shield materials does not increase SEU from proton radiation.


IT was recently proposed (Kerr and Searle, 1972) that the occurrence of shrinkage necrosis (Kerr, 1971) in basal-cell carcinomas of skin might, to a large extent, account for the cell loss thought to be an important factor in determining the relatively slow growth rate of these tumours (Weinstein and Frost, 1970). Further, it was shown that many of the condensed cell fragments or " Councilman bodies " that result from this process are taken up by intact carcinoma cells, and it was suggested that they might be degraded within phagolysosomes, as they are in non-neoplastic epithelial cells of the liver (Kerr, 1971, 1972). The present paper reports a study by light and electron microscopy of the distribution of acid phosphatase in basal-cell carcinomas, which confirms this hypothesis.


Abstract : The area to be analyzed in this thesis is one of the most important, pervading, and current themes of today. The problems of censorship in a free society, particularly in light of the nature of the insidious Communist threat, require a delicate and continual balancing of the necessity for our government to withhold certain information which would, if released, be detrimental to our national interests and/or defense, and the right of the public to know those facts that are essential to government by the informed consent of the people. As is true of many of the most important questions of our time, there is no formula, no pat answer, and no ''standard operating procedure'' for this matter, but there is the necessity for striking a balance in the field of government information practices.


A detailed glaciological observation program was conducted on the Yanamarey Glacier in the Cordillera Blanca of Peru, including the monitoring of net balance and ice flow velocity during 1977–1988 and mappings of the surface topography in 1973, 1982, and 1988. These observations are here evaluated to combine net balance, surface lowering, and ice flow into a consistent picture of the mode of operation of a tropical glacier on the scale of a decade. The glacier extends between 5100 and 4500 m with a total area of 9×105 m2 and length of about 1.3 km. Maximum flow velocity is 17.4 m yr−1 and maximum volume flux 336×103 m3 yr−1. In the ablation area, net balance is about −6 m yr−1 and surface lowering 3 m yr−1. About half of the mean annual water discharge from the glacier of 80 L s−1 is not renewed by precipitation but supplied by the ice thinning. The rate of surface lowering of 1.5 m yr−1 liquid water equivalent translates to a glacier average departure heat supply for melting of 16 W m−2. Sensitivity analyses indicate that this could be produced by a cloudiness increase of less than one tenth, an air temperature decrease of 2°C, an increment in specific humidity of less than 1 g kg−1, or some combination of heat budget processes. Such changes in the atmospheric environment would be required to stabilize the glacier at its recent volume. As another indication of the recent imbalance, the maximum volume flux is found some 100 m below the equilibrium line altitude. Under continuation of the recent climatic conditions, the glacier may survive for more than half a century.


IntroductionMore than half of the world population inhabits in urban areas (1). The United Nations projected that the urban population would further increase from 3.3 billion to 4.9 billion worldwide by 2030 (2). Virtually, all further population growth will take place in cities of developing countries, in which the rate of urbanization is faster than developed countries. If urbanization is unplanned and rapid, it is prone to informal settlements with insufficient housing, poor sanitary conditions and crowding all of which accelerate the spread of diseases (3,4). According to the latest 2011 estimates from UN-Habitat there are around 850 million urban dwellers in slums and slum like conditions globally with over 500 million of them in Asia-pacific cities. As reported in census (2011) there are around 6.5 crore slum dwellers in India. In Maharashtra alone there are 256 statutory towns out of which 189 towns encompass 1,18,48423 slum population. Similarly, for Delhi 18.7% of the total population live in slums and as per census report around 17, 85390 slum population reside in Delhi.The health and nutritional status of women and children (within five years of age group) are more vulnerable in slums because of insanitary condition. This paper aims at investigating the maternal and child health status as well as the nutritional status of women and children residing in slums of Delhi. The objectives of the study were:* To assess the maternal and child health care status including access to preventive health care services.* To study the morbidity and mortality pattern among women and children.* To study the nutritional status of women and children in slumsMethodsThe database of the study is drawn from the survey carried out on 400 households in four slum clusters in Delhi in the year 2013-2014 over a period of eight months. In order to select sample households, two stage stratified random sampling framework was used based on the DDA list, which gave complete details of all non-notified slums in Delhi. In the first step, Delhi was divided into seven zones on the basis of the 70 constituencies given in the Delhi Development Authority list. However, it may be noted that this list dated back to 1994 and over the years various clusters have either been removed or rehabilitated. In the second stage of the sampling process out of seven zones four zones were selected that is North, South, East and West and separate list of slums following within this zone was prepared.Once the specific cluster from all four zones were identified on the basis of the random Sampling, the number of sample households was distributed using the proportion of the number of households in each cluster to the total number of households in all four clusters as weights, thus arriving at 400 households across four zones. In all 1,007 males and 990 females were interviewed within different age groups. A widely used indicator of nutritional status is body mass index (BMI), defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in metres squared (kg/m2).ResultsThe section below focuses on health status of women which covers antenatal care, health complications among women, morbidity pattern among women, complications during postpartum period. The second section focuses on seasonality and nutritional status which further deteriorates maternal health condition of women and children.Table 1 provides information on gravida of women in urban slums of Delhi. The term gravida can be used to refer to a pregnant woman. A "nullgravida" is a woman who has never been pregnant, a "primigravida" is a woman who is pregnant for the first time or has been pregnant one time, a "multigravida" or "secundogravida" is a woman who has been pregnant more than one time. From the above table it is very clear that women in slums marry at very early age. Maximum number of women conceives in their early adolescences. Out of 155 women in 20-29 year age group category 27. …


The diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaque based on time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and the relationship of the endogenous fluorophores in lesions with the wavelength-resolved and especially the time-resolved data were investigated. The major fluorophores in arterial tissues are elastin and collagen (type I and III), and lipid components such as free cholesterol, cholesterol esters and LDLs. Elastin which has broad spectral emission is the primary fluorophore in normal artery, whereas collagen which has narrow band and blue-shifted peak emission and the highest lifetime is the mainly fluorophore in collagen-rich plaques. Lipid components that have the fastest fluorescence dynamics mainly exist in lipid-rich lesions which are always instability. At last a dual-modality system combined two complementary techniques was also introduced to diagnose vulnerable plaques.


In this introductory article we discuss what might be gained from examining more familiar areas of anthropological research such as cloth, dress or material culture through fashion as an analytical category and, in turn, how insights from Pacific clothing cultures can broaden understandings of fashion. Our aim is to unsettle the ethnographic gaze that is often brought to bear on non-western cultures of fashion, cloth, clothing, style and innovation. Fashion, as we conceive of it, spans from the physical production and design of garments and objects to everyday appearances, the desire to be 'in vogue' and the consumption of aesthetic objects that are considered popular. From this starting point we move analyses of fashion from the systemic to the experiential, reflecting ethnographic sensitivity to everyday embodied practice and the constant political and creative negotiation of values and norms that takes place in quotidian social relations. We situate these analyses in a region that is often perceived to be at the very edge of the world economy and invite further discussion about the relationship between fashion and the global flow of people, ideas and commodities.


Peripheral neuropathy is common with many different etiologies. This is the first of three articles reviewing the less common causes of peripheral neuropathy. The first article includes the extrinsic causes of neuropathy including toxic/medications, infectious, nutritional, and systemic metabolic derangements. The second and third articles review the intrinsic causes of peripheral neuropathy. These reviews describe common presentations and constellation of manifestations and clinical findings.


Salmonella enterica is commonly associated with food poisoning in countries all over the world. This species has approximately 2500 serovars that are divided into four different O-antigen groups. A rapid sensor test for all relevant ones is desirable to improve domestic food safety procedures. In our research, we used phage display technology combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens extracted from bacterial cell surfaces of different groups of serovars to develop phage probes that bind with Salmonella enterica serotypes, and demonstrated the use of the phage on rapid magnetoelastic biosensor systems as a front-line detection ligand.


In generation expansion planning, sustainable generation expansion planning is gaining more and more attention. Based on the comprehensive consideration of generation expansion planning economics, technology, environment, and other fields, this paper analyzes the sustainable development of power supply planning evaluation indicators and builds a multi-objective generation expansion planning decision model considering sustainable development. According to the target variables in the model, the variables such as attribute variables are divided into different subsets, and the logical relationship analysis method between different nodes is obtained based on Dynamic Bayesian network theory, which reduces the complexity of the planning model problem. The application examples show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and the solution method.


The author developed a practical, effective way of teaching people how to refocus their energy from predicaments to problems and thereby reduce their stress levels. Feedback about using the technique was positive. Benefits and limitations are discussed.


In this paper, we present an algorithm for routability driven heterogeneous FPGA placement. We developed it to participate in the ISPD 2016 Contest [1] and we received a distinction as 4th place. We placed all FPGA components globally using quadratic placement, spreaded them radially, packed the logic block cells, legalized them (assigned them to their correct slots within the FPGA without overlaps) and performed a detailed placement step with a threshold acceptance [2] algorithm for fine adjustments.


This paper proposes an analogy method of the thinking process in programming by modeling the learner's line of sight in drawing tasks suitable for beginners. The expansion of programming education requires bringing up the thinking ability unique to programming. In programming, learners have to build plans to combine components using various programming techniques, one by one. To judge the learner's thinking process, every instructor needs to observe the learner's behavior for a long time. Since the learner's line of sight is a behavior that well expresses the state of thinking, a state transition model that captures the characteristics of the learner's answering process is created from records in line-of-sight tracking. This method is expected to figure out the similarity of learners who follow the same thinking process as others. In a verification experiment based on this idea, we have found common characteristics to all learners' state transition models. However, it also revealed the necessity of improvements in the method for discriminating similarities among learners.


In this paper we prove the existence and uniqueness of a renormalized
solution for nonlinear parabolic equations
whose model is

\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\partial b(u)}{\partial t} - div\big(a(x,t,u,\nabla u)\big)=f+ div (g),
\end{eqnarray}

where the right
side belongs to $L^{1}(Q)+L^{p'}(0,T;W^{-1,p'}(\Omega))$, where
$b(u)$ is a real function of $u$ and where $-div(a(x,t,u,\nabla u))$ is a Leray-Lions type operator with growth
$|\nabla u|^{p-1}$ in $\nabla u$, but without any growth assumption
on $u$.


Production enhancement projects are creating changes in business relationships between oil and gas and service companies. The most successful projects are building partnerships. Service companies are being asked to share the risk while supplying services to enhance well performance. Risk sharing creates common project objectives and requires the service company`s involvement in initial project planning, job design, and reservoir understanding. Service work compensation is based on well or field performance improvement as a result of the treatment(s). This paper presents an integrated approach to the selection and prioritization of well candidates for production enhancement jobs or treatments. Special emphasis is placed on reservoir understanding using field reviews and/or extensive reservoir description studies to provide the essential information for well candidate selection and the best return on investment. Processes are illustrated and discussion gives the data requirements and techniques used to select and prioritize well candidates. Field examples demonstrate the techniques, critical factors, and appropriate software used by geoscience and field operations teams to maximize benefits from production enhancement projects.


An evaluation has been performed to determine the uncertainty of silicone fluid leakage measurements for two rolamites. The units are tested with a gas chromatograph, an instrument which can measure silicone fluid vapor by the gas chromatography method. An analysis has shown that the portion of the measurement uncertainty resulting from the uncertainties of the volumes used in the procedure can be maintained at {+-} 18% when the volumes are held to a given set of tolerances.


Workforce assignment becomes more complex when operators have multiple competencies and the operators' efficiency changes according to the activities they are assigned to. In this context, only little work has considered the learning curve effect. In this paper, we will discuss a multi-period assignment problem, considering the versatility of the operators, which induces a dynamic view of their competencies and the need to predict changes in individual performance as a result of successive assignments. We are in a context where the expected durations and the awaited quality execution of activities are no longer deterministic, but results from the performance of the operators selected for their execution. In this article, we will present a mathematical model of this problem and a genetic algorithm approach to solve the workforce multi-period allocation problem.


During the past decade downscaling has become an established field to relate atmospheric circulation to surface variables for forecast and prediction of the regional climate. This article is a part of an ongoing study to develop statistical downscaling methods to enable downscaling of rainfall at hydrologically relevant spatial scales. This paper reviews the development and recent advances in stochastic downscaling techniques. Emphasis is given on application, advantages and limitations of currently used approaches. Results from an application of a non-parametric downscaling technique to select predictors (based on leaveone-out cross validation) for downscaling of point daily rainfall occurrence from area-average rainfall occurrence and temperature from ten locations near Sydney are presented. Results of the study indicate that the area-average temperature range and area-average rainfall occurrence on the current day are good predictors of point rainfall occurrence, for the Sydney region.


The weights Weight A. PI. 1, 1 and 3-5 Shape Truncated cone but almost cylindrical; the top is at a slight angle to the horizontal, the sides are slightly waisted and the whole leans just off the vertical. Top The rounded top has set into it, obverse up, a base-silver Lunettes type penny in the name of /Ethelred I of Wessex, 865-71, with a diademed bust to right surrounded by an unbroken legend, +AEBEREDREX stalling at seven o'clock. The coin is placed slightly off-centre and is further secured by a central pin with a silver domed head c. 6mm in diameter. The reverse of this coin is probably of the hooked-lines variety (see below). Base The base is slightly concave, and the junction with the sides is sharp, allowing for the distress. There is a small, apparently original, hole in the centre of the base corresponding to the pin which appears to end some way from the surface. The position of the pin means that its metal is not accessible for examination. Dimensions Height: 17mm; top diameter: 27mm; base diameter: 28mm. Present weight 99.97g (1543.2gr). Material : lead with base-silver coin and fine-silver topped pin. Findspot Found near Kingston, Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, close to but not with weight B in late 1990 or early 1991. Condition Many minor surface dents and a few scratches with some more prominent chipping on the base; a deep vertical score on the edge (PL 1, 1) is also probably accidental damage. The body of the weight is not corroded, but the coin shows slight non-active surface corrosion; it is not pecked. Location British Museum, Department of Coins and Medals; on exhibition in the HSBC Money Gallery.


Expansion of hazelnut (Corylus spp.) cultivation in Bulgaria has led to an increased interest in any attendant disease. In the district of Plovdiv during the post-harvest storage periods of 2015 and 2016 shriveled nuts of the cultivars Tonda Romana (C. avellana) and Early Trapesund (C. maxima) were observed. Nuts originating in three locations displayed necrotic pellicles and sunken moldy surface lesions followed by dry rot. Microscopic observations revealed the presence of septate, dichotomously branched and undulating mycelium, and of hyaline, solitary, terminal and fusiform asci that had a rostrum-like apical appendage. Asci 41.6 (40.0-43.3) x 15.4 (11.7-18.3) μm, n=50, usually contained eight uninucleate, slightly bent, wedge-shaped, elongate with one end obtuse and the other end gradually attenuating into a fine point, hyaline ascospores sized 17.6 (16.6-18.3) x 3.0 (2.5-3.3) μm, n=50. Symptomatic pellicles and seeds were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubation at 25°C resulted in slow-g...


Through the analyses of noise source and noise transmission path in vehicles,the effect of 2K PU foam to block up the transmission path of the noise from the cavity is studied.The effect is also verified by a test on a real car.


The prevalent notion that lithium has only one coordination number with oxygen calls for revision - both tetrahedral and octahedral coordinations do occur.


If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with a pervasive developmental disorder (autism, Asperger's Syndrome, Rett Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, or PDD-NOS), this book is for you. In an informative style, weaved with personal stories from parents, author Mitzi Waltz covers various topics: getting a diagnosis (including preparing for a diagnostic interview in a medical, psychiatric, or school setting, with descriptions of all diagnostic tests and checklists/questions used by professionals); treatment options (such as medications/supplements, sensory integration, occupational/physical/speech therapy, behavior modification, 'Floor time', and more); and coping with diagnosis and treatment (including emotions and support systems, insurance, and educational plans).


Objective: To investigate the serum CA125 level with ovarian endometriosis and its correlative affecting factors. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 150 patients who had underwent operation to diagnose ovarian endometriosis. Results: There were 133 out of 150 cases who had tested their preoperative serum CA125 concentration, among whom, 69 cases with elevated level. The results show no difference between 58 cases with pain and 27 cases with adenomyosis. The ovarian cysts occurs on the left 111, right 96 cases respectively. The CA125 wasn't directly affected by the sides of endometrioma, sterility and abortion. Conclusion: The serum CA125 level was affected by multiple factors. The sensititivity of CA125 to ovarian endometriosis was 51.9%.It seems no significant correlation with sides of endometrioma, sterility and abortion.


Abstract From an offensive realist perspective, great powers always seek out opportunities to attain more power so as to feel more secure. This outlook helps us consider that the Gulf-Eurasia setting has evolved into a theatre for a new rivalry between camps led by the US and Russia, working to resolve regional crises as they compete over the content of understandings that will be reached and the arising leadership and economic opportunities—the most visible dispute being the Syrian conflict. In consequence, geopolitical realism and perceptions of security dilemmas shape much of their actions and permit the crisis to define the dynamics of global stability more negatively. However, policy-making elites have long sought to temper offensive realism by bringing the logic of positive-sum market exchange into the domain of zero-sum geopolitics. For this purpose, in the Syrian game, this study relies on strategic wisdom as a combination of notions of (re)setting new norms in managing the friction between international competition and cooperation. Transcending monocausal explanations for the Syrian conflict as opposed to the diverse interests of the great powers (US and Russia), it concludes by evaluating the prospects of managing the rise in zero-sum competition.


Ability grouping – defined as a practice that places students into classrooms or small groups based on an initial assessment of their readiness or ability – has received considerable attention in educational research for years in many countries (Ireson & Hallam, 1999, 2001; Slavin, 1987). In Korea, ability grouping has been implemented in elementary, middle, and high school settings for certain subjects such as English. The purpose of the current study was to determine how the ability grouping policy has been implemented in Korean middle school English classes and to examine the perceptions of teachers (n = 55) and students (n = 754) regarding this policy. The results showed that schools implemented the policy in a variety of ways (e.g. different number of grouping levels). Teachers and students indicated their concerns regarding students' emotional problems and showed mixed attitudes towards ability grouping. They also argued that schools need large support to maximize the putative effectiveness of ability grouping in different areas such as curriculum design, materials development, and teacher training. The findings are discussed in terms of pedagogical recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of ability grouping in English classes and other options for future research to investigate this and relevant educational language policies.


From humble beginning, banners evolved rapidly. They tried to be sexy, weird, intriguing, or funny-as long as they brought in the ad dollars. Such an escalation might go on forever, but some companies figured out a better way to provide site ads. Instead of getting bigger and louder, they got smaller and quieter.


1. Supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service. 2. Present Address : Research Laboratories, Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan. 3. Abbreviations : GABA, r-aminobutyric acid ; GGBA, r-guanidinobutyric acid ; BGPA, 0-guanidi nopropionic acid ; AGPA, a-guanidinopropionic acid ; GAA, r-guanidinoacetic acid ; GABA-Ch. r-aminobutyric choline sulfate ; SSA, succinic semialdehyde. Little work has been done to identify the chemical nature of Florey's I Factor which inhibits the stretch receptor discharge, since the compound was originally defined by Florey (1) in 1954. The Factor I turns out to be several compounds, GABA and ƒÀ-alanine (2), which are present in the central nervous system (3, 4), ƒÀ-hydroxy GABA (5), GGBA (6) found in mammal brain (7) and BGPA (6). More several related compounds were found as natural constituents in central nervous system, GABA-Ch (8), carnosin (9) and homo carnosin (10). Physiological role of all compounds under consideration is not yet known. Post synaptic structures possess an enzyme system capable of inactivating the released trans mitter and the neurons must contain an enzyme system of synthesizing the compound. The transaminase might be one of such enzyme system participated. A rapid incorporation of 14C-ƒ¿-ketoglutarate into the glutamate pool was noted in experiments with rat brain homogenates (11). This work concerns the transaminase activity of the compounds having Florey's I Factor and physiological unknown substances present in central nervous system, and the effect produced by administration of some drugs on the enzyme activity.


890 In the past 50 years, major progress has occurred in the fields of molecular biology and vaccinology and in the development and use of antimicrobials. These have contributed to greater understanding of childhood pneumonia and resulted in improved management and intervention strategies. Pneumonia nevertheless remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries.1-4 Acute respiratory infections (ARIs), principally pneumonia, account for approximately 1.9 million (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6 2.2 million) deaths globally in children under 5 years of age each year,4 90% of which occur in the developing world. This has been exacerbated by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, as pneumonia is the commonest cause of illness, hospitalisation and mortality in HIV-infected children. This article reviews changes in the epidemiology, management and prevention of childhood pneumonia in developing countries with emphasis on Africa and South Africa.


Drift‐wave turbulence in the linear VINETA [1] device was studied using the adapted version [2] of the threedimensional gyrofluid code GEM3 [3]. The density and parallel velocity gyrofluid equations of electrons and ions for the cylindrical annulus are solved. It is shown that the code is able to reproduce the main experimental signatures of intermittency. The influence of the interaction of the plasma with neutrals – the so‐called 'neutral wind' – on the intermittent turbulence in VINETA is discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


: In today's era of rapid economic development, the stock market plays an increasingly important role in the overall economic system of the country, and the analysis and prediction of stock prices is one of the most attractive research problems in academia. The analysis and prediction of stock prices is one of the attractive research problems in the current academic world. Neither traditional financial models nor traditional machine learning models can achieve the desired results. In this paper, a CNN-LSTM hybrid neural network model is used to analyze and predict stock prices. The model is trained and validated on three years of Ping An of China stock data, and the experimental data show that the model can achieve relatively excellent prediction accuracy.


The approach to writing as a process of problem-solving through experimentation is used in a sentence-expansion technique for college-level remedial English. Students are presented with an uninteresting, two-sentence story that they expand by experimentation, building confidence in their knowledge of appropriate sentence structure and grammar. The same process of experimentation and discovery could be accomplished with a teacher-authored microcomputer word-play program that would facilitate on-screen comparison of alternative sentence structures and possibly provide animated words and special graphics. The program could provide syntactical or grammatical prompts, according to the teacher's purpose and desire for structure, making all sentences grammatically acceptable and freeing the student of concern about errors. A similar technique could be used for making sentence-combining exercises more interesting. (MSE) ************v********************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Play on Words: Teaching Sentence Expansion and Modification by Computer AUTHOR: Roberta Boss U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERICI pl, This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions stated in this docu ment do not necessarily represent official NIE position or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Recruiting faculty for an eSports program begins with a clear direction for the degree or certificate being offered. Using a strategic planning process helps set direction for new or existing programs. The planning process is complicated by the newness of eSports and the number of different disciplines that may be considered part of the umbrella that encompasses eSports. A shortage of faculty candidates with high-demand qualifications creates a recruiting challenge that may be overcome with recruiting methods that communicate the positive attributes of the institution and focus on the traits that individual candidates offer.


Recently different electronic speed controllers have been proposed and used for changing the speed of induction motors (IM) under different working conditions. As is known, the thermal condition of IM significantly depends on its speed of operation. The common thermal circuit of IM, which consists of a system of heat sources interconnected by thermal conductivities, can also be used for studying IM thermal behaviour under different operating speeds. This circuit can be simplified to a system of three main heat sources (stator and rotor windings and a stator magnetic circuit) interconnected by three generalised thermal resistances. The value of these thermal resistances and their dependency on speed was investigated by new methods of testing proposed in this study. Using these methods, the thermal dependency on speed may be obtained with high accuracy so that the difference between the test results and calculation does not exceed 3-5%. Two totally enclosed, fan-cooled induction motors were tested by these methods.


When FDA finalized its new U.S. Nutrition Facts rule in 2016, one of the label's most notable changes was the addition of a new dual-column requirement for packages containing 2-3 servings.


Plasma adropin contributes to glucose and lipid homeostasis and cardiovascular system function. Adropin levels are influenced by diet, but postprandial responses have not been established. The sirtuin system is also implicated in postprandial glucose and lipid homeostasis. SIRT1 activity has been shown to increase by fasting and adropin deficiency. This study aimed to identify postprandial responses of plasma adropin and association with the sirtuin system following consumption of a carbohydrate meal with or without green leafy vegetables. Thirty-one women (BMI 24.8–31.1kg/m) were recruited to The impact of vegetables on acute glycaemia and glycaemia induced CVD risk in women:metabolic effects and Inter-individual variations (VegGI) study. Anthropometric and metabolic markers were measured in a fasted and postprandial state. Oestradiol, progesterone, follicular stimulating hormone and testosterone were measured. Fasted plasma adropin was measured using an ELISA kit (Cusabio, USA) and 15min, 30 min, 45 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h post-consumption of rice, rice with bok choy(RB) or spinach(RS). Total RNA was extracted from blood collected at 0 h, 30 min,1 h and 2 h in PAXgene blood RNA tubes (PreAnalytiX GmbH) using a Blood RNA Kit (Qiagen,UK) and quality assessed by Agilent Bioanalyser (Agilent Technologies, UK). Gene expression was measured using the GenomeLab System and a custom designed multiplex assay, the hSIRTNADPlex (25 targets involved in sirtuin signalling). Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted with time, menopausal status and meal as factors. Pearson correlations and Partial Least Squares (PLS) (SIMCA-P+14.0 software) analyses were performed on adropin, gene expression profiles, anthropometric and metabolic markers. Plasma adropin levels reduced transiently postprandially with time x meal interaction (p = 0.041) and time effect (p < 0.01). Inter-individual variation was further investigated using PLS of baseline values, indicating that higher fasted adropin was associated with higher sirtuin system gene expression, higher HDL, lower glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR. PLS of baseline and postprandial data indicated a complex pattern of associations for which menopausal status did not appear to be a major factor. Participants with greater postprandial reduction of adropin had higher HDL, lower glucose, insulin and triglycerides. This was supported by significant correlations of adropin, positively with HDL (0.37–0.59,p < 0.05) post-consumption of all test meals, and negatively with insulin postconsumption of rice (−0.37,p = 0.04). Correlations were maintained in analysis of pre-menopausal, but not post-menopausal women. Postprandially, adropin was correlated positively with SIRT4 expression following RB in pre-menopausal (1h: 0.65,p = 0.04, 2h: 0.81, p < 0.001) but not post-menopausal women. Postprandial decreases in adropin were time and meal dependent, but with high inter-individual variation. Individuals with lowest levels of adropin were associated with reduced sirtuin system gene expression, higher glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR. Correlations demonstrated complex associations between postprandial adropin reduction, HDL, insulin and SIRT4 gene expression. Plasma adropin may be linked to variation in sirtuin system gene expression, metabolic markers and menopausal status.


Heterogeneous polymerizations of γ-methyl-L-glutamate N-carboxy anhydride (NCA), γ-benzyl-L-glutmate NCA, and β-benzyl-L-aspartate NCA were carried out using butylamine as initiator in acetonitrile at 30°C. The oligomer chains formed in the beginning of the polymerization crystallized into the antiparallel β-form and thereafter the α-helical chains grew from the active sites of the β-chains. The polymerization of γ-methyl-L-gultamate NCA proceeded to 100% conversion and accordingly gave rise to high molecular weight poly(γ-methyl-L-glutamate). The polymerizations of γ-benzyl-L-glutamate NCA and β-benzyl-L-aspartate NCA stopped at 54% and 16%, resp. The levelling-off of the conversion at such low values, in spite of the α-helical chain growth, may be due to the occlusion of the active chain ends of the resultant poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) and poly(β-benzyl-L-aspartate) into the crystals. It was concluded that the interlamellar crystallization was induced by the intermolecular interaction between the benzyl groups of the polymer side chains, giving rise to the occlusion of the active growing chain ends into the interstices of the crystal formed during the polymerization.


Small particle composition of the lithium-based compound, and further provides a method and associated structures. In some cases, the particle compositions are characterized by having the particles of the nano-scale. Particle compositions may be produced in the milling process. In some embodiments, the particles may be coated with a coating to improve certain characteristics of the particle composition (e.g., electrical conductivity). Lithium-based compound particles feed, milling, pulverizing medium, an electrochemical cell, the electrode


The epiphytic species are plants that adhere temporarily or permanently to the talus and
fronds of other vegetables using it only as a support, but that does not parasitize it
nutritionally. The following study was performed at a fishermen concessionary
cooperative in Santa Rosa-Salinas. The cooperative cultures Kappaphycus alvarezzi and
it is located between 2˚12'3.94"S and 80˚56'58.27"O. The aim of this study was to
identify epiphytes in K.alvarezzi talus to determine abundance and dominance against
environmental parameters. Samples were collected from 1kg of macroalgae talus and
identified using specesialized literature. Samples were classified based on the web site
ALGABASE. Diversity and dominance were obtained by applying the Simpson and
Shannon-Weaver indexes (H). For abundance the Avaria method (1965) was applied
and the richness (S) of epiphytes was quantified based on the number (N) of species per
run. Results registered 30 epiphytes from the belonging Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta,
Ochrophyta, Rhodophyta y Cyanobacteria divisions. Bacillariophyta was the most
abundant division with 1.126 cel. for Licmophora abreviata and a dominance of
31.36%. The greatest diversity of epiphytes registered was 2,2 nits against temperatures
from 28, 3
 o
C to 24,
o
C ±0,5
 o
C, dissolved oxygen 6 mg/L and an average turbidity of 5
m. Epiphytes registered in Kappaphycus alvarezzi were low in abundance, dominance
and diversity; therefore, they will not be considered a threat for the host.
Key words: epiphytes, abundance, dominance, diversity, host.


Compare patient characteristics by hospital discharge disposition (home without services, home with home healthcare (HHC) services, or post‐acute care (PAC) facilities). Examine timing and rates of 30‐day healthcare utilization (rehospitalization, emergency department (ED) visit, or observation (OBS) visit) and patient characteristics associated with rehospitalization by discharge location.


The invention relates to a fan frame and a fan unit. The fan frame includes a first housing having a first end portion in which a first protrusion is arranged, a second housing having a second end portion in which a second protrusion opposing the first protrusion along a specified axis is arranged, the second end portion being in an axially opposing relationship with the first end portion, and a fixing member attached to the first protrusion and the second protrusion to fix the first housing and the second housing together. Further, a first locking portion is arranged in the first end portion and a second locking portion engaging with the first locking portion is arranged in the second end portion.


Seven different solar cell metallization systems were subjected to temperature cycling tests and humidity tests. Temperature cycling excursions were -50 deg C to 150 deg C per cycle. Humidity conditions were 70 deg C at 98% relative humidity. The seven metallization systems were: Ti/Ag, Ti/Pd/Ag, Ti/Pd/Cu, Ni/Cu, Pd/Ni/Solder, Cr/Pd/Ag, and thick film Ag. All metallization systems showed a slight to moderate decrease in cell efficiencies after subjection to 1000 temperature cycles. Six of the seven metallization systems also evidenced slight increases in cell efficiencies after moderate numbers of cycles, generally less than 100 cycles. The copper based systems showed the largest decrease in cell efficiencies after temperature cycling. All metallization systems showed moderate to large decreases in cell efficiencies after 123 days of humidity exposure. The copper based systems again showed the largest decrease in cell efficiencies after humidity exposure. Graphs of the environmental exposures versus cell efficiencies are presented for each metallization system, as well as environmental exposures versus fill factors or series resistance.


A new system is presented by means of which myocardial perfusion can be observed and assessed. This is achieved by parallelly recording the original transducer-generated rf-data as well as the video-data usually employed for the CRT-display. The rf-data are digitized and stored using a transient recorder. Processing them possibly leads to more detailed information about the myocardial perfusion. The comparability of the results of the video- and the rf-data analysis, respectively, is tested for the present with a mechanical circulation-model providing simulational features like capillar-models or the possibility of real-time flow-measurements in a heart-like, ventricular chamber-system. The quantification of wash-out-effects depending on the kind of sonicated contrast-medium is shown. Further results obtained with myocardial tissue mimicking phantoms and real hearts, especially using rf-data, will be presented.


Apparatus heats air directly in flat-plate collectors by absorbing solar energy. The air is circulated between parallel plates and is then forced through the system to be warmed by the use of blowers. Data is presented showing the temperature rise obtained at different times during the day and for different angles of the sun with respect to the flat-plate collection.


According to the relationship between characteristics and winding state of the bending wire rope,study on the change of curvature characteristics of bending wire rope.The distribution of curvature in different layers of the wire rope in right regular lay and right lang lay were contrasted.The obtained results showed that that the curvature of single and double helical wires was fluctuated with the rotation angle. Due to the influence of the rotation angle,the curvature of the wire rope in different phase and spatial position along the length of rope is not evenly distributed.


Fog commerce refers to the activity of buying and selling fog computing resources. To bolster fog commerce, this work devises a novel layered bargaining mechanism comprising 1) a bargaining protocol that specifies the rules that govern the bargaining activities, 2) a bargaining strategy that adjusts price proposals by making concessions and enables agents to conserve computational resources by selectively engaging their bargaining activities only with trading partners with price proposals that are relatively close to theirs, and 3) a transitive pricing formula for pricing vertically arranged fog and cloud resources. To simulate price bargaining of vertically arranged fog and cloud resources, this work devises an agent-based fog commerce testbed. Whereas mathematical proofs validate that the layered fog bargaining mechanism is computationally efficient and rapidly converging, empirical results show that it outperforms related bargaining mechanisms.


Objective To explore the implementation and effect of case-based teaching in clinical pharmacology teaching.Methods The key points were found by introducing the application of case-based teaching(guide type,annotation type and summary type after class) in the teaching of clinical pharmacology.Results Case-based teaching can effectively enhance the initiative and enthusiasm of students,and improve the effect of teaching.Conclusion Case-based teaching is an effective teaching method,suitable for clinical pharmacology teaching.


As ma& reumiing density increases, magnetic particles must become very small. The archival stabi i of the recording medium is threatened by thermal fluctuations. The timedependent behavior of the small particles used in magnetic recording media can be evaluated by measuring the magnetization decay. Since a-Fe particles are used in high-density recording, we studied the h e d e p n d m t behavior of a-Fe particles electrodeposited into parallel cylindrical pores in an alumite (aoodized porous AI*@) film on an AI sheet. These a-Fe particles are well separated by "magnetic components and show high perpendicular anisotropy [2]. Their diameter and the length can be controlled easily by electrochemical growth conditions. Recently, we reportedwith the particle diameter d held at about 11 nm, the magnetic viscosity S and activation volume V, of a-Fe pdcles in alumite films were independent of the particle length [3]. Here we show that S and Va of a-Fe particles depend strongly on the particle diameter d, and that the activation volume V, scales with the particle diameter d.


Grazing incidence operando EXAFS measurements allow observation of oxygen in oxide-derived silver catalysts, its effect on CO2 reduction is explained.


This study is aimed at identifying and assessing distinct energy efficiency measures that can be implemented in residential buildings, taking into account different areas of intervention and multiple aspects of evaluation (technical, economic, environmental and social). The assessment of the different identified measures will be performed through the Electre Tri method which is devoted to the sorting problem. The results obtained allow supporting policy decision-makers with the selection of measures which have the highest implementation potential and that may be elected for public support and / or public funding.


Experiments were conducted to investigate the helium adsorption capability of absorptive materials used in satellite assembly.It is concluded that the helium adsorption capability of absorptive materials is small,and the effect on the leakage test result when using the accumulating method is negligible.


The invention provides a fabric expansion and storage structure. The fabric expansion and storage structure comprises a load-bearing disc. The load-bearing disc is driven by a driving device to rotate. A magnetic protrusion is fixed to the center of the load-bearing disc. The magnetic protrusion is matched with magnetic powder with different mass. Protruding ridges which extend from the center to the periphery are annularly distributed on the surface of the load-bearing disc. The height of the protruding ridges is smaller than that of the magnetic powder. According to the fabric expansion and storage structure, after the load-bearing disc rotates, the magnetic powder starts to break away from the protrusion under the action of centrifugal force, the magnetic powder enters tracks formed by separation through the protruding ridges, the magnetic powder continues to be pushed by the protruding ridges to carry out centrifugal movement, fabric is pressed on the magnetic powder at the time, the magnetic powder which are scattered centrifugally enables the fabric to be expanded and flattened, and fabric expansion is completed.


While effective at preventing Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) disease, cellular immunity to EBOV and vector-directed immunity elicited by the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing Ebola glycoprotein (rVSV{Delta}G-EBOV-GP) vaccine remains poorly understood. Sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 32 participants enrolled in a prospective multicenter study [ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02788227] before vaccination and up to six months post-vaccination. IgM and IgG antibodies, IgG-producing memory B cells, and T cell reactivity to EBOV glycoprotein, vesicular stomatitis virus-Indiana strain (VSV-I) matrix protein, and VSV-I nucleoprotein were measured using ELISA, ELISpot, and intracellular cytokine staining, respectively. Eleven participants previously received a different investigational Ebola vaccine. All participants met positivity criteria for IgG antibodies to, and circulating IgG-producing memory B cells to, EBOV glycoprotein following rVSV{Delta}G-EBOV-GP vaccination. Transient IgM and IgG antibody responses to VSV-I matrix protein (n=1/32 and n=0/32, respectively) and nucleoprotein (n=2/32 and n=1/32, respectively) were infrequently detected, as were IgG-producing memory B cells recognizing VSV-I matrix protein (n=3/31) and nucleoprotein (n=2/31). CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to EBOV glycoprotein were present in 15/32 and 19/32 participants at baseline and in 32/32 and 23/32 participants one month post-vaccination, respectively. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to VSV-I matrix protein (n=17/32 and n=16/32, respectively) and VSV-I nucleoprotein (n=23/32 for both CD4+ and CD8+ responses) were common post-vaccination. T cell responses were predominantly mono-cytokine, except CD8+ responses to EBOV glycoprotein among heterologous Ebola vaccine-experienced participants and CD8+ responses to VSV-I nucleoprotein. Overall, rVSV{Delta}G-EBOV-GP elicits robust humoral and memory B cell responses to EBOV glycoprotein in both Ebola vaccine-naive and heterologous Ebola vaccine-experienced individuals and can generate vector-directed T cell immunity. Further research is needed to understand the significance of pre-existing vector-directed immunity on responses to booster doses of rVSV{Delta}G-EBOV-GP and other rVSV-vectored vaccines.


We hear many complaints about contemporary fiction-that its characters are flat and its stories are dull-but we hear no complaints about prose style. For in fact, prose styles have been one of the great strengths of Western fiction throughout this century. Prose style in fiction is like surface handling in painting. No matter how much people complain that contemporary works are saying little, no one denies that they say it very well. We may distinguish among contemporary prose styles two overlapping strands. One is what we might call for the moment plain, the other fancy. Neither of these prose styles is distinctively, diagnostically modernist in the contemporary sense. Any sort of writer may use any sort of prose. But the fancy styles, in particular, may further modernist intentions by calling attention to themselves.


Some consistent experiments have been made in the past to objectively characterize Near‐to‐Eye Displays (NED). Here, a new version of a measurement system is introduced and measurements of four commercially available NED products discussed. In addition, these results are briefly compared to subjective studies.


Montego Bay is one of the Caribbeans leading tourist centers and as a result also has one of the most threatened near-shore coral reef ecosystems in the region. Natural and anthropogenic forces over many years have combined to inflict water pollution that has been especially devastating to the near-shore coral reef ecosystem which are smothered by macrophytic algae and struggling for survival. This paper characterizes local needs for coral reef ecosystem management in the developing tropical Americas by using the Montego Bay Marine Park as a case study example. It also outlines ongoing Park interventions to address local needs for management as well as interventions involving public- private partnerships to prevent and manage water pollution in this valuable coral reef ecosystem. Moreover it elucidates some of the social and poverty related issues that make coral reef ecosystem management and water quality improvement extremely challenging in Montego Bay.


In this paper,we made a pollution assessment toward the heavy metal elements Cd and Pb in the local soil with the method of single factor index evaluation method,Nemerow multi-factor index method and Geological accumulationpollution index method by means of Bazhong farmland surface soil heavy metal elements Cd and Pb investigation analysis.The evaluate results of the single factor index evaluation method and the Geological accumulationpollution index method consistently showed that:the soil Pb were not overweight,the safety level is no pollution.But the evaluation results of Cd have obvious difference between the single factor pollution index method and the geological accumulation index method,the evaluate result of the single factor index evaluation method showed that:the soil Cd's safety level is no pollution,the overproof rate is 11%among the 344detected samples of the Cd;the evaluate result of the geological accumulation pollution index method showed that:the soil Cd's safety level is light pollution,and the overproof rate of the samples is 32%.The Nemerow multi-factor index method showed the pollution level of the Cd in the research area was the third level(degree of contamination is light pollution).So measures to control the pollution of heavy metal elements in soil should be carried out.


The workflow, in edge computing, is capable of orderly managing a set of computing tasks, via setting up a structured calculation process and flow. However in running time, the resources at edge nodes are often released by other workflows, which results in additional uncertainties on top of those caused by performance degradation and service failure. In addressing these new uncertainties, we propose in this paper an uncertainty-aware resource provisioning (UARP) method for scheduling workflow in the software-defined network-based(SDN-based) edge computing environment. The proposed UARP ensures optimal in that the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) is employed to elaborate the workflow scheduling strategy. Extensive experiments are carried out for method evaluations and the results show that the UARP method is effective in reducing uncertainty, shortening processing time and bringing down energy consumption.


As the only renewable energy which can be converted into liquid fuels, biomass has developed various technologies of energy utilization. In order to adjust the syngas composition, increase the ratio of H2/CO and reduce CO2 content, this paper conducted biomass gasification experiment in an entrained flow bed on CaO sorption. The paper studied influence factors like the gasification temperature, ratio of CaO/B and gasification parameters, such as ratio of H2/CO, cold gas efficiency, cold gas yield or tar content in syngas. The result showed that raising gasification temperature or increasing added content of CaO which were beneficial to the improvement of H2 content. A maximum H2 output with a concentration of 62.7% and H2/CO ratio of 3.19 was achieved at CaO/C=1, H2O/B=0.3 and T=1100°C, meanwhile the cold gas efficiency was 86.07%, the cold gas yield reached 1.2Nm3/kg biomass, and the tar content was dropped to 314.6mg/Nm3.


The Codex Alimentarius has managed to stay out of the limelight in spite of a mandate that concerns all of us (food safety), and in spite of the fact that it exists since more than 40 years. It is hardly ever in the news and it receives not much attention nor by experts of international law nor by many NGO's working on food safety, international trade or environment. This hidden nature of the Codex can probably be explained by the difficulty of categorizing it. First of all, it is a hybrid food safety trade environment agency. Secondly, it is not an autonomous intergovernmental organization but a subsidiary body of the joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. Nevertheless it administers multilateral negotiations among its more than 160 member countries that are as dynamic, complex and far-reaching as any negotiations taking place in intergovernmental organizations. Thirdly, both of its parent organizations are specialized UN agencies, but the Codex is a quite unique body because of its very complex and original organizational set-up, based on decentralized work and financing system. It has more than 20 permanent committees and a couple of task forces and working groups, which are all hosted and paid for by different countries. Canada for instance hosts the Codex Committee on Food Labeling, France the one on General Principles, Australia the one on Import/Export control, and Japan hosts the ad hoc Codex Intergovernmental Task force on Foods Derived from Biotechnology. This set up allows the organization to function with a budget that is remarkably modest in the face of its heavy and complex mandate, but on the other hand makes it difficult and expensive for NGO's and poor countries to follow on a steady base an issue attending all the important meetings.


We study the functional estimation of the space-dependent diffusion coef®cient in a one-dimensional framework. The sample path is observed at discrete times. We study global Lp-loss errors (1 < p ,‡1) over Besov spaces Bsp1. We show that, under suitable conditions, the minimax rate of convergence is the usual nÿs=(1‡2s). Linking our model to nonparametric regression, we provide an estimating procedure based on a linear wavelet method which is optimal in the minimax sense.


Electrical characteristics of thermal silicon dioxides with thickness in the range of 30-450 Å have been investigated using MOS capacitors and transistors. The general properties of thin gate-oxide FETs including subthreshold swings, channel mobilities and linear transconductances have been examined. A simple mode based on a critical electron energy for trap generation and electron scattering inside the dielectric film is proposed to explain the thick ness dependence of bulk and interface charge trapping under high field/current stress in thin oxides.


We report this case to further document in the literature morphologic changes encountered in a black thyroid gland. It is only through an expanding data base that future conclusions may be reached regarding the role, if any, of minocycline in some of these alterations.


The NTFPs have obtained dubious distinction as being both 'safety net' and 'poverty trap'. When people have better employment opportunities, collection of NTFPs become livelihood opportunity of last resort. This was observed in the study area of forest of Chittoor East and Tirupati Wildlife Management Divisions of Andhra Pradesh after implementation of NREGS by the Govt. of India. Thus, the best way to protect forests would be to create better employment opportunities for the forest dependent people nearer to their habitations and reducing dependency on forest resources.


It is obvious that one should approach this very broad field with some feeling of trepidation, in view of the vast number of problems, the many theoretical aspects, and the divergent points of view involved. The causes of juvenile delinquency are obviously manifold. Dr. William Healy has given comprehensive insight into the subject of emotional conflict in the youthful offender. Cyril Burt in England has described the social forces operating on the child who becomes delinquent. Such a child is no different in his individual makeup as a rule from the ordinary "problem child" in the home, except in the case of the repeated offender who has been exposed to continued anti-social influences. In fact where social pathology surrounds the child as a part of his everyday experience, his acceptance of a delinquent career is only to be expected. It is difficult, where the environment is unfavorable and a social disease obvious, for a child to avoid accepting delinquent experiences as a matter of course as a part of his routine life. The youthful offender differs in those cases in which anti-social attitudes have developed as the result of lack of understanding of his problem and because of severe repressive measures forced upon the child by the environment. The first delinquency, truancy, e. g., should be regarded with a degree of objectivity and with the aim that the resulting treatment involved should be constructive rather than punitive. At times it is easier to resort to punitive methods in the case of a first offender because one frequently cannot dissociate attitudes regarding a point of view which is essentially pessimistic, especially in view of a large number of cases seen at the Juvenile Court and the tremendous caseload of the average probation officer. From the mental hygiene standpoint the erring child should be given the benefit of a complete study involving a determination of his physical make-up, his inter-family relationships, his social milefi, and finally the picture should be rounded out by a psychological and psychiatric examination. It is interesting to note the definite stand taken by the American Bar Association for the establishment of


Super-resolution is the process of converting many similar low-resolution images or video sequences. Super-resolution can be used for superior automatic target or object detection. There is always an uncertainty related to this method. An uncertainty is rarely considered during analysis. In many cases, uncertainties are the noisy signals and their processing leads to invalid results. This paper reviews certain super-resolution methodologies and presents two uncertainty model based super-resolution techniques. The presented models consider the uncertainty factor and establish an absolute probability distribution. The first model is based on analytical computation while the second is based on a statistical algorithm. These algorithms are presented as separate methods for image analysis and enhance performance compared with that of the existing automatic object recognition super-resolution methods.