Experimental studies on animal models play essential roles in the development of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for diseases in a wide spectrum of fields including neurological sciences. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the shell-less culture system of the chick embryo as a potential experimental model in the field of developmental neurobiology. We were able to observe and record the central nervous system development of a vertebrate embryo in an artificial experimental culture container starting from an early, three-vesicle brain stage up to a well-developed five-vesicle brain stage with an embryo survival rate of 100%. Thus, this model system has the potential to enhance our knowledge on molecular and developmental neurobiology at both basic and clinical science level.


The PRCI Technical Committees have carried out many research projects related to the subject of natural gas fueled engine emissions. This report, therefore, presents a summary of past PRCI funded studies in the area of Gas Engine Emissions. Since studies sponsored by other industry groups (e.g., INGAA, EPRG, APIA, CEPA, etc.) or by individual pipeline companies are not included, this report does not represent a review of the topic in the broader industry-wide sense. Instead, it is designed to provide a guide to past work so that current TC members can identify and locate project reports that might be of use in addressing their current day-to-day Gas Engine Emissions issues.


Acrylic fiber producers in Europe and the U.S. expect acrylic fiber demand to continue to decline over the long term. Du Pont's June announcement that it would cease production of acrylic fiber in the U.S. (C&EN, June 18, page 5) will have a negligible effect on European producers, but it may help increase capacity utilization for the remaining U.S. producers. Du Pont's production capacity represents about one third of the total U.S. capacity of 645 million lb for acrylic fibers. According to Paul G. Gillease, Du Pont's director of textile fibers, the company has already stopped producing Orion acrylic at its Waynesboro, Va., plant. The one remaining plant in Camden, S.C., will continue to run "for an indeterminate amount of time," though the target is to close the plant by the end of this year. Gillease says Du Pont plans to remain flexible with its closing date "to assure supplies to customers." He adds that ...


A bicelle, which is a bilayer molecular assembly, can be prepared by fluidizing a vesicle in the presence of a detergent. We investigated the effect of two different detergents, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate (CHAPSO) and Triton X-100 (TX), on the formation of a bicelle from a vesicle containing oleic acid (OA) and the detergent molecules. The fluidization effect of the detergent was evaluated using the membrane packing density, which we measured using the fluorescent probe method with Laurdan, in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy to examine the morphology of the prepared bilayer molecular assemblies. As a result, it was discovered that the OA/CHAPSO system could form a heterogeneous phase with the highest packing density, implying that CHAPSO was the better detergent for a bicelle preparation, whereas the OA/TX system formed a disordered phase with the lowest packing density.


[Objective]To explore effects of different growing density and applying nitrogenous fertilizer quantity on the yield of the maize hybrid Chuandan No.418,and provide the theoretical basis for the promotion of the new maize hybrid Chuandan No.418.[Method]Effects of different growing density and applying nitrogenous fertilizer quantity on the yield of the maize hybrid Chuandan No.418 under density-based processing (45 000-67 500 plants/m2) and the vice processing of nitrogen fertilizer application (90-360 kg of pure N/m2) were studied.[Result]Effects of growing density and applying nitrogenous fertilizer quantity on the yield of the maize hybrid Chuandan No.418 were highly significant (P0.01).The best density was 60 000 plants/hm2,appropriate than conventional planting density could be increased,and the optimal nitrogen for 270 kg of pure N/hm2,the yield reached at 8 024.36 kg/hm2 of the maize hybrid Chuandan No.418 in hilly area of the central Sichuan basin.The interaction effects analysis of growing density and applying nitrogenous fertilizer quantity showed that the regulation of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield was more obvious under the higher density,it achieved mainly through the impact of grain number.[Conclusion]In the southwest areas of China,increasing the growing density and applying nitrogenous fertilizer quantity combined control can significantly increase production.


Because of serious unbalanced distribution of rainfall and long-term lacks of water in Huajiang valley of Guizhou, it is difficult for human and livestock to use water and the vegetation taking a extreme bad look and the ecological environment was destructed seriously. But in recent years, Zanthaxylum planispinum var. dinatnensis planting actually has obtained the significant breakthrough in agricultural developing and ecology recovering. Aiming at this actual situation, the article mainly analyzed the difference between the rain water resources distribution and the water-demand of main crop and finally discovered the drought-resistant mechanism under the bad condition. The result indicated that: 1) distribution of rainfall is not balanced in a whole year and latent crisis of water lacks are big; 2) The water resources pressure is big in forest because of big evapotranspiration; 3) The deference of demand and supply is so prominent that it is difficult to maintain the balance; 4) Zanthaxylum planispinum var. dinatnensis can alleviate the effect of insufficient moisture content through shortening themselves and increasing roots and the protection of cuticle and stockade organization and Ca2+.


Machine learning has globally become a trend in most educational settings. This study aims to explore students' perceptions when using Google Translate (GT) to support their learning as well as their problems and solutions from GT. With the participation of 250 university students at a private educational institution, a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were employed to examine how students perceived the use of GT in their learning process. The findings revealed that practically students had positive perceptions on GT's use in learning. Several major problems were recorded when they used GT, and some recommended solutions were also considered for improvement. Specifically, students utilized GT as a learning tool, particularly for language study, because of its useful features such as multi-language translation, time saving, ease of use, and improving pronunciation. Although Google Translate has a number of advantages for students, several problems such as erroneous grammar and semantics on a frequent basis have led to misunderstanding of original words. As a result, students discovered that they needed to deal with these problems by double checking the results in a dictionary or other translation programs, as well as the help from a peer or supervisor. It is suggested that GT is a helpful machine translator, but students are encouraged to know how to make some judgement on its results for a better translation version.


1 Center of Smart Nanotechnology and Photonics (CSNP), SmartCI Research Center, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544 Egypt. 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544 Egypt. 3 USTAR Bioinnovations center, Utah State University, Logan 84341 Utah 4 Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544 Egypt. 5 Department of Materials Science t, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544 Egypt 6 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


ABSTRACT Background: In 2009, an aeroplane crashed near Amsterdam. To remedy unmet mental health needs, active outreach was used to identify victims at risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Objective: The active outreach strategy was evaluated by examining the accuracy of screening methods in predicting PTSD and depression, self-reported treatment needs, and the extent to which perceived treatment needs predict trajectories of PTSD. Method: In 112 adult survivors, semi-structured telephone interviews were held at 2 (T1, n = 76), 9 (T2, n = 77) and 44 months (T3, n = 55) after the crash. The Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) measured symptoms of PTSD and depression, respectively. At T3, a clinical interview assessed PTSD and depression diagnoses. Based on the TSQ scores at the three time-points, participants were grouped into five 'trajectories': resilient (n = 38), chronic (n = 30), recovery (n = 9), delayed onset (n = 9) and relapse (n = 3). Results: The TSQ accurately predicted PTSD at T3 (sensitivity: .75–1.00; specificity: .79–.90). The PHQ-2 showed modest accuracy (sensitivity: .38–.89; specificity: .67–.90). Both measures provided low positive predictive values (TSQ: 0.57; PHQ-2: .50 at T3). A number of participants reported unmet treatment needs (T1: 32.9%; T2: 19.5%; T3: 10.9%). Reporting unmet needs at T2 was more often assigned to a chronic PTSD trajectory compared to reporting no needs (p < .01). Conclusions: The prevalence of unmet needs at 44 months after the crash within a chronic PTSD trajectory indicated that active outreach may be warranted. Nevertheless, although the TSQ was accurate, many participants screening positive did not develop PTSD. This implies that, although active outreach may benefit those with unmet needs, it also has its costs in terms of possible unnecessary clinical assessments. HIGHLIGHTS • Reporting unmet needs 2 months after the crash (n = 2532.9%) was related to a chronic PTSD trajectory. Furthermore11% of survivors reported unmet treatment needs 44 months after the crash.• Using a brief screener (TSQ)participants at risk for PTSD are accurately detected.• A significant proportion (n = 2127.6%) of participants reported no treatment needsmost of whom were classified into the resilient trajectory. This suggests that after the crashparticipants themselves can often provide an accurate estimation of their need for professional care.


Aim: To evaluate the role of virtual cystoscopy (VC) comparing it with cystopanendoscopy (CPE) for detecting bladder tumor(s). Material and Methods: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional ethics committee. After an informed consent 30 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the prospective non-randomized clinical study and were evaluated as per protocol with VC performed by a qualified radiologist who was blinded to the findings of CPE performed by a qualified urologist. The results so obtained were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56 years. Sensitivity of VC in detecting bladder lesions was 92%. However, when axial images were also interpreted along with VC, the sensitivity increased to 96% for detecting bladder lesions. The specificity of VC with axial CT was 40% in respect of detecting bladder lesions. VC with axial CT was 85.7% sensitive in identifying multiple bladder tumors. There were no complications on account of performing VC. Minor problems were encountered with VC and CPE in 16.7% and 13.3% patients respectively. Conclusions: VC with axial CT is 96% sensitive in detecting bladder lesions and 85.7% sensitive in detecting the multiplicity of the tumors. VC may be a useful complementary diagnostic tool for the workup of select patients with suspected bladder lesions. However, larger randomized controlled studies are needed to better define the precise clinical and diagnostic role of VC in routine practice. Settings and Design: Prospective Clinical Comparative Non Randomized Clinical Study.


Let A e U(n), det(A) = ± 1 and let expO'a*), 1 < k < n be the eigenvalues of A where 0 < a, < a2 < ■ • • < a" < 2ir. Then k(A) — (a, + • • • + a^/ir is an integer and 0 < k(A) < In — 1. Denote by /(.4) the length of y4 with respect to the set of all reflections, i.e., 1(A) is the smallest integer m such that A is a product of m reflections. A reflection is a matrix conjugate to diag(— 1, 1,..., 1). Our main result is the formula 1(A) = max(k(A), k(A*)). Introduction. By a reflection we mean here an element R of the unitary group U(n) such that R2 = I" and rank(7? — I") = 1. We consider U(n) as operating on the space of column vectors C. The reflections in U(n) generate a normal subgroup G(n) which consists of all matrices A E U(n) with det(A) = ±1. It was shown by H. Radjavi [1] that in fact every element of G(n) is a product of at most 2/i — 1 reflections and he conjectured that this bound is the best possible. It is a simple consequence of our Theorem below that this conjecture is correct. If A = RXR2 ■ ■ ■ Rm where 7?* are reflections and m is minimal, then we say that m is the length of A and we denote it by 1(A). For A E U(ri) there exist uniquely determined real numbers a,,.. ., a" satisfying 0 < a, < a2 < • •• < a" < 2m and such that A is conjugate to the diagonal matrix 0 eia-\ (1) We shall say that a,, . . . , a" are the angles of A. The sum of the angles plays a very important role and we shall write a, + • • • + a" = k(A)tr. Note that k(A) is an integer if and only if A E G(n). In this paper we shall prove the following result. Theorem. If A E G(n) then 1(A) = max(A:(^), k(A)). Received by the editors April 4, 1978. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). rJrimary 20G20, 22C05; Secondary 22E15.


The Fortran subroutine DFNLP solves constrained nonlinear programming problems, where the objective function is of the form sum of squares of function values, sum of absolute function values, maximum of absolute function values, maximum of functions. It is assumed that all individual problem functions are continuously differentiable. By introducing additional variables and constraints, the problem is transformed into a general smooth nonlinear program which is then solved by the SQP code NLPQLP, see Schittkowski [33], the most recent implementation with non-monotone line search (Dai, Schittkowski [3]). For the least squares formulation, it can be shown that typical features of special purpose algorithms are retained, i.e., a combination of a Gauss-Newton and a quasiNewton search direction. In this case, the additionally introduced variables are eliminated in the quadratic programming subproblem, so that calculation time is not increased significantly. Some comparative numerical results are included, the usage of the code is documented, and an illustrative example is presented.


The planned luminosity for the upgrade is ten times higher than at present (/spl Lscr//spl sim/10/sup 32/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/) and involves a time between collisions as small as 132 ns. To operate in this environment, completely new electronics is required for the 17500 proportional drift tubes of the system. These electronics include a deadtimeless readout, a digital TDC with about 1 ns binning for the wire signals, fast charge integrators and pipelined ADCs for digitizing the pad electrode signals, a new wire signal triggering scheme and its associated trigger logic, and high level DSP processing. Some test results of measurements performed on prototype channels and a comparison with the existing electronics are presented.<<ETX>>


In hopes of gaining new perspectives on the teacher preparation program for student teachers in English, the Department of Secondary Education and Foundations and the Department of English at Tennessee Tech decided to give English student teachers the opportunity to speak their minds. From the spring quarter of 1978 until the present, each English student teacher has been provided with a survey instrument to evaluate his or her program of preparation anonymously. In response to six questions, student teachers are asked to evaluate the course offerings of the two departments, their English methods course, and the degree to which the two departments worked together to provide a worthwhile program of content and professional education courses. Tennessee Tech's program of study leading to certification in English is fairly typical in content. Content area courses are provided by the Department of English; professional courses by the College of Education. Each department offers one course which attempts a synthesis of English and Education. A fairly recent addition to the program is a Field Experiences in Secondary Education course which offers students a one quarter to year-long experience part-time in the public schools during their junior year in conjunction with the methods course.


Oscillation theory forms the largest part of the qualitative theory of difference equations. In the last few decades, the theory of difference equations has developed rapidly. There are at least three important reasons why difference equations should be investigated. First, they serve as discrete models describing various phenomena from real life. Second, they can be viewed as discrete counterparts of differential equations. Here, it should be noted that the development of a discrete theory is not generally close, and sometimes far from a simple imitation of arguments for the continuous theory. Third, difference equations or recurrence relations are important from a theoretical point of view—because they appear in other branches of science when solving various problems. The aim of this book is to present a survey of oscillation theory of difference equations. The authors collect many of the important results in this area, classical ones as well as very recent ones, and treat them in a very orderly fashion. This is not an easy task, since there are hundreds of papers on this topic that have appeared in the last few years. Primarily, secondorder difference equations are treated, ordinary as well as ones with deviating arguments or neutral ones. Results on first-order and higher-order equations and systems of difference equations are included as well. In addition to presenting a collection of known results, the authors present several new statements and observations. There are nine chapters in this book. The first one is the longest one. Mainly, classical results concerning second-order linear difference equations are presented. Central concepts of oscillation theory are introduced, for example, a generalized zero, disconjugacy, and (non)oscillation of an equation. Discrete Sturmian theory is presented and two important tools are derived, namely, the variational principle and the Riccati technique. Dominant and recessive solutions, disfocality, and many (non)oscillation criteria are discussed. Chapter 2 deals with a generalization of the results from the previous chapter to linear Hamiltonian difference systems, which contain Sturm–Liouville difference equations of even order as a special case. An alternate way of extending the theory of Chapter 1 is presented in Chapter 3, namely, a generalization to half-linear difference equations. Both Chapters 2 and 3 contain extensions of Reid's roundabout theorem, which is the central statement of oscillation theory. Chapters 4 and 5 present oscillation theory for nonlinear difference equations, where the nonlinearities are natural generalizations of Emden–Fowler type nonlinearities. Superlinear and sublinear cases are distinguished. Oscillation criteria for linear and nonlinear difference equations with deviating arguments are presented in Chapter 6 while neutral difference


To test the involvement of ethylene in mediating ozone- induced cell death and leaf loss in European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.), tree seedlings were exposed to proportionally increased or decreased field ozone levels for up to 6 months. Ozone treatment caused cell death and acceler- ated leaf loss at higher than ambient levels, but had only minor effects at ambient and no effects at subambient ozone levels. The emission of ethylene, the levels of its precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), and mRNA levels of specific ACC synthase ( FS-ACS2 ) and ACC oxidase ( FS-ACO1 ) isoforms showed a persistent increase and preceded cell death by approximately 2 weeks. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis led to reduced lesion formation whereas application of ACC accelerated ozone- induced cell death and leaf loss. Similar results were obtained when adult beech trees were exposed to 2 ¥ ¥ ¥ ozone by a whole tree free-air canopy exposure system. The results suggest a role of ethylene in amplifying ozone effects under field conditions in this major European broad-leaved tree species.


. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of public policy in creating a favorable environment for the development of the national economy and improve social and economic well-being through the creation of a safe and convenient transport structure. Special attention of the authors is drawn to the Decree of the government of the Russian Federation of 22.11.2008 No 1734-R "On the transport strategy of the Russian Federation". The purposeful value of the above mentioned by-law is considered. As an indicator of the quality of transport services "Transport strategy of Russia until 2030", it assumes a steady increase in transport mobility of the population of the Russian Federation, as well as the integration of the Russian transport system into the international one. The results of forecasting of some key indicators of the Transport strategy are presented. Since the implementation of the strategy was actually launched back in 2009, it is already possible to judge the achievement (or, more precisely, the lack of achievement) of the criteria considered. It was found that there was a close link between the quantity of goods carried and the quantity of goods overloaded the net financial result and some other indicators. Feedback was identified between the same trait under study and the wear and tear of fixed assets. Thus, knowing the factors that have a direct impact on the result, you can manage it. And the achievement (or non-achievement) of the target indicators becomes an elective parameter influencing firstly on the variant of the development scenario (basic or innovative), and secondly, on the social and economic situation of the studied region. The main task of the state in the sphere of functioning and development of transport system of Russia. improve competitiveness and transport accessibility. Significant resources are invested by the state in the construction of roads. Noticeable changes occurred on the railroad - cars, locomotives, means of automation and control were updated. included in Federal development programmes


Significance Turbulent convection in horizontally extended systems comprises vortices and plumes on many time and length scales. These structures interact nonlinearly to self-organize into slowly evolving turbulent superstructures, which are horizontally more extended than in height. We use a U-shaped deep-learning algorithm to generate a time-varying planar network, resulting in a drastic reduction of degrees of freedom, and use it to detect the 3D superstructures and estimate their effectiveness in transporting heat. We thus demonstrate the likely utility of deep learning for parameterizing convection in global models of atmospheric and stellar convection whenever mesoscale structures are conspicuous. We explore heat transport properties of turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection in horizontally extended systems by using deep-learning algorithms that greatly reduce the number of degrees of freedom. Particular attention is paid to the slowly evolving turbulent superstructures—so called because they are larger in extent than the height of the convection layer—which appear as temporal patterns of ridges of hot upwelling and cold downwelling fluid, including defects where the ridges merge or end. The machine-learning algorithm trains a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with U-shaped architecture, consisting of a contraction and a subsequent expansion branch, to reduce the complex 3D turbulent superstructure to a temporal planar network in the midplane of the layer. This results in a data compression by more than five orders of magnitude at the highest Rayleigh number, and its application yields a discrete transport network with dynamically varying defect points, including points of locally enhanced heat flux or "hot spots." One conclusion is that the fraction of heat transport by the superstructure decreases as the Rayleigh number increases (although they might remain individually strong), correspondingly implying the increased importance of small-scale background turbulence.


At present, earth conductivity is a key factor which influences the calculation accuracy of the correction value of low-frequency ground-wave propagation time delay. Based on the practically metrical data and academic estimate method of time delay of low-frequency ground-wave propagation, this paper adopt the immune clonal computation method to inverse the earth equivalent conductivity of the propagation path. Contrast immune monoclonal selection algorithm (IMCSA) and immune polyclonal selection algorithm (IPCSA) with genetic algorithms (GA), the simulation results show that the IPCSA has better stability and higher precision.


ABSTRACT Some types of fungi are known to have the ability to produce Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). Fungi can be isolated from the rhizosphere and tissues of various plants, including from the rhizosphere and the root "Galam" (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell.), which grow predominantly in peatlands. Therefore, the purposes of this study were: (a) to isolate and measure the potential of fungi from endophytic and rhizospheric of "Galam"(M. cajuputi) as a producer of IAA hormone, (b) determine the types of fungal interaction that occur and their potential to increase the total IAA hormone produced. This research begins with isolation, purification, isolate screening, analysis of IAA hormone production, data analysis, seed germination test and isolates identification. The result showed that the concentration of IAA produced by Penicillium sp. IRZ15 was 5.86 ± 0.47 μg.mL-1 to 8.46 ± 0.26 μg.mL-1 and Syncephalastrum sp. AG15 is 4.77 ± 0.44 μg.mL-1 to 8.77 ± 0.25 μg.mL-1. Meanwhile, the combination of rhizospheric fungi Penicillium sp. IRZ15 and endophytic fungi Syncephalastrum sp. AG15 does not produce significantly different IAA concentrations (6.42 ± 0.34 μg.mL-1 to 9.19 ± 0.50 μg.mL-1 ) compared to fungi used alone without combinations.


Although the use of automated decision systems is increasing, the performance of these human computer teams is often less than optimal (Parasuraman & Riley, 1997). This study examined the effect of violations of expectations on appropriate automation use in a paradigm that controlled motivational and cognitive processes implicated in affecting automation usage decisions (Dzindolet, Pierce, Beck & Dawe, 1999). One hundred and ninety-five Cameron University students were randomly assigned to one of the conditions described by a 2 (Aid's Performance Level: Superior or Inferior) X 2 (Provision of Aid's Decision: Decisions Present or Decisions Absent) X 3 (Type of Feedback: No Feedback, Cumulative Feedback, or Continuous Feedback) design or to a condition that examined initial expectations of an automated decision aid. Although participants initially had a bias toward automation, a bias against automation was found after 200 trials in most conditions. Only when participants were unable to detect obvious errors made by the automated aid but were provided with continuous feedback was appropriate use found, χ(11) = 34.45, p < .01. Implications for future research are discussed. Introduction With the introduction of automation into the daily lives of humans comes many concerns as to how to encourage the human-automated team to perform optimally. Using automation appropriately, a rational decision-maker would rely on automation when doing so would increase the probability of successful mission completion and would rely on manual operations when relying on automation would decrease the probability of successful mission completion. Parasuraman and Riley (1997) identified two types of non-rational behavior often associated with automation usage decisions (AUD): Misuse and Disuse. Misuse is when a human operator tends to overly rely on an automated aid and disuse is when a human operator tends to ignore an automated aid (Parasuraman & Riley, 1997). Dzindolet, Pierce, Beck and Dawe (2000) introduced a general model of AUD in which cognitive, social, and motivational processes of the human operator combine to predict misuse, disuse, and appropriate automation use. Cognitive Processes Mosier and Skitka (1996) hypothesized that when people make decisions, they may tend to overly rely on automated systems due to faulty cognitive processes. Rather than going through the cognitive effort of gathering and processing information, the decision supplied by the automated system is used. Often, this strategy is optimal; however, under certain conditions, this reliance may be inappropriate and misuse will occur. Relying on a decision aid in a heuristic Regina A. Pomranky Cameron University Department of Psychology and Human Ecology 2800 W Gore Blvd. Lawton, OK 73505 email@example.com Mary T. Dzindolet Cameron University Department of Psychology and Human Ecology 2800 W Gore Blvd. Lawton, OK 73505 email@example.com Scott A. Peterson Cameron University Department of Psychology and Human Ecology 2800 W Gore Blvd. Lawton, OK 73505 firstname.lastname@example.com manner is dubbed the automation bias (Mosier & Skitka, 1996). Although the automation bias can explain misuse of automated decision aids, it cannot account for the disuse often found. In order to eliminate the automation bias, participants in the present study were only provided with the decision of their automated aid fter they indicated their decision and their level of confidence in their decision. This procedure prevented participants from relying on the automated aid's decision in a heuristic manner. After all, they did not even know the automated aid's decision until after they had made their decision. Motivational Processes When working in a group, the responsibility for the product is diffused among group members. Several researchers have thought of the human-computer system as a dyad or team in which one member is not human (e.g., Bowers, Oser, Salas, & Cannon-Bowers, 1996). Thus, the human may feel less responsible for the outcome when working with an automated system than when working alone and therefore may extend less effort. In order to control for motivational processes in the present study, we used a dependent variable for which automation reliance would require as much effort as self-reliance. Specifically, after completing 200 trials, participants were asked to indicate whether they would rather have their reward contingent on responses th y had made in the past or on responses their automated aid had made. In this paradigm, self-reliance did not require more effort to be expended than automation reliance. In this way, motivational processes were controlled. Figure 1. Portion of the Framework of Automation Use (Dzindolet et al., 2000) Social Processes Another process predicted to lead to automation use, misuse, and disuse is the role of the computer as an expert (Dzindolet et al., 2000). If human operators perceive the automated aid to be more reliable than manual operation, they are likely to place greater trust in the automated system, and rely on it. If the system truly is more reliable than manual operation, appropriate automation use will take place. However, when people inaccurately estimate manual operation and/or the reliability of the automated system, then inappropriate automation use may occur. Perceived Utility Social Processes Relative Trust Automation


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation, which is caused by small airway disease (bronchiolitis) and alveolar destruction (emphysema) [1]. Patients primarily suffering from severe emphysema are often limited in exercise capacity due to the consequences of hyperinflation [2]. The STELVIO trial was crucial to ensure that bronchoscopic lung volume reduction using one-way valves has evolved from an experimental intervention into a state-of-the-art treatment option for specific patients with advanced emphysema http://bit.ly/2IgMrsp


A compact nanoprober suitable for SEM/FIB is presented. Each of the eight probes can be biased and scanned over the sample surface, allowing for the acquisition of current flow images (CI) with sub-pA resolution. The correlation of SEM and CI is used to locate leakages in 22 nm SRAM devices.


The lack of awareness of the traffic accident ahead would probably cause serious congestion or more serious secondary traffic accidents. Usually, accident detection is to use equipment in vehicles to detect accidents and send accident information to related people by SMS containing texts only, which is expensive, inconvenient and cannot avoid secondary accidents. This paper proposes an intelligent traffic accident detection system based on Mobile Edge Computing with proximity, low latency and computing and vehicle identification. Our system utilizes common smartphones to obtain acceleration and speed, and identifies images showing accident scenes mainly at servers in case of false positives, realizing automation of accident detection and notifying surroundings and departments like hospitals and department of transportation in real time. Besides, our system can also report the finishing of accidents according to crowd sensing. The experimental results demonstrate our system can work in real time with simulated data.


In principle, bank capital serves two functions. It represents i) the value of shareholder equity and ii) the value of the buffer stock available to absorb unexpected losses. The calculation of expected loan losses and the provisioning to cover these losses enables a clearer picture of the economic structure of bank balance sheets. In this paper, it is argued that such calculations should take into account i) the implicit subsidy enjoyed by borrowers in the form of limited liability and ii) the expected costs of administering insolvency in the event of borrower default. An expectation represents the most likely outcome. Hence there is a case that expected losses should be treated in exactly the same manner as losses which have already been identified. That is, provisioning against such losses should not be included in capital. However, provisions for unexpected losses should be included in capital. The major policy implication is that the timing of provisioning will be brought forward and the value of bank capital will be less than currently recorded using historical value accounting.


Consider a population of individuals in some habitat. When the existence of this population in the habitat is damaging in some sense, one is faced with the problem of controlling the growth of the population within that habitat. Such control action involves cost due to labour, materials, risk, etc. and it is therefore necessary to weigh the damage done by the 'pests' against the cost of the control action and so choose a suitable level at which to apply the control. The amount of damage done by the pest population at any time generally depends on the size of the population at that time, which in turn depends on the initial number of pests, their birth and death rates, and their rates of migration to and from the habitat. These factors are therefore aimed at in any control of the pest population. In particular, pests in a field might be destroying a crop and the control action might consist of treating the field or part of it with chemicals, fencing, spraying the crop, or some other means of 'removing' the pests. The cost is the sum of that due to the loss of crop and that due to the labour and materials of the control action. Alternatively, the pests may be intermediate vectors in the spread of an epidemic, e.g. mosquitoes spreading malaria, in which case the habitat is that in which the susceptibles abide, and the possible control actions are similar to the above, i.e. spraying with insecticides, etc. In an epidemic spread by the infectives or carriers in a large population, the 'pests' are the infectives or carriers, and the control might be to increase the rate of removal of infectives or to inoculate part of the population. The damage due to the epidemic involves a cost when the disease causes the death of hosts or stops hosts from being productive for any period of time. For human hosts, assessing the cost of permanent physical damage, including death, poses ethical problems, but unfortunately these often need to be faced. On the


This volume contains studies, from the perspective of the countries of the European Union, on the means available to religious organisations to engage in dialogue with the States in which they exist. The studies explore the employment of covenants between religious groups and States as well as less formal facilities for dialogue and cooperation. The terms of the modern instruments of dialogue are treated, including in relation to the former communist member states, in their historical and political contexts.


Deep drilling operation is one of the major process that is widely used in the manufacturing industry. To make a cooling channel of hot press forming die, deep drilling is a crucial process which is the drilling depth is 10 times of the drill bit diameters itself. However, the major complications that occur is the drill bits will become wear and breaks as the drilling depth keep increasing. This will impact the efficiency of the drilling process. To overcome this drawback, Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM) was introduced to refining the quality of the drilling process by monitor the drilling operation, whether by direct or indirect monitoring, thus will improve tool life expectancy by notifying the operator to stop the machine. SKD 61 which is widely used as die material and High Speed Steel (HSS) drill bit was chosen. To improve accuracy, Tri-axial Accelerometer (PCB356B21) was used to detect the vibration of the drill bit when drilling process occurs. The data obtained from this experiment is in the form of acceleration and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) signal which is acceleration x, acceleration y, acceleration z, FFT x, FFT y, and FFT z. Tool condition can be classify into five types by using this data which is good condition, small corner wear, medium corner wear, large corner wear and fracture. To classify this data, machine learning method such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was employed. SVM performs classification process based on the data input vector that comprise as fault in the machine. The fault is then being produced as the pattern and SVM will recognize thus classify this pattern corresponding to the fault. Nevertheless, the major downside of SVM is less accurate of classifying result due to the data over-fitting. To get an accurate result, the data is compared with Artificial Neural Network machine learning. ANN performs an excellent classifying by determining the correct set of input data, number of hidden layers, target data, and applying a suitable algorithm, which is proven better classifying result than SVM in the aspect of classifying accuracy and number of errors. Consequently, ANN is the most suitable method to classify tool condition, and are capable to be employed for online tool failure detection system which is beneficial for optimizing tool condition in industries.


The overall theme of my graduate research is to understand forces involved in supramolecular, hydrophobically-driven interactions, primarily in cyclodextrin systems and to use those interactions in applications ranging from fluorescence-based sensing to supramolecular catalysis. This research has included a highly interdisciplinary research project exploring the effects of cation-π interactions on surfactant/lipid bilayer vesicles for delivery applications. Cyclodextrins, which are commercially available, torusshaped cyclic oligoamyloses, have been selected as the supramolecular hosts in these studies because of their well-defined hydrophobic interior cavity. The hydrophilic exterior, in turn imparts substantial aqueous solubility. Moreover, the primary and secondary hydroxyl groups of the cyclodextrin provide a myriad of synthetic handles for further modification and chemical derivatization. Cyclodextrin-based catalytic systems have been envisioned for mild, environmentally friendly transformations in high-impact organic reactions. The basis of this research stems from the ability of cyclodextrins to form hydrophobic complexes with small molecules, thereby lowering the entropic barrier for the formation of a transition state in selected organic reactions. Moreover, the hydrophobic complexes of cyclodextrin with small molecules have also been shown to be more reactive from the perspective of many organic transformations. The first manuscript "Cyclodextrin-promoted Diels Alder reactions of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon under mild reaction conditions" describes Diels Alder reactions of a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), 9-anthracenemethanol with Nsubstituted maleimides under mild reaction conditions (aqueous solvent, 40C) in the presence of commercially available cyclodextrins. In this system, hydrophobic complexation of the N-substituent in turn modifies the electronics of the alkene double bond, resulting in its enhanced reactivity. We found that cyclodextrin complexation of the N-substituent on the maleimide (driven by hydrophobic interactions) was the key factor in determining the rate of the reaction and the overall conversion to product. Optimal results were found using N-cyclohexylmaleimide with a methyl-β-cyclodextrin host, with 94% conversion obtained in 24 hours. A proposed model of the complexation with methyl-β-cyclodextrin has been proposed, with cyclodextrin encapsulation perturbing the electronics of the dienophile double bond and enhancing its reactivity. Results of these experiments were published in Tetrahedron Letters in 2015, and this publication has already been cited multiple times. The second manuscript "An Environmentally Friendly Procedure for the Aqueous Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to Aldehydes with Dibromodimethylhydantoin (DBDMH) and Cyclodextrin Scope and Mechanistic Insights" discusses the cyclodextrin-promoted oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzaldehydes using an inexpensive, commercially available reagent, 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH). This newly developed reaction has two notable advantages compared to previously reported benzylic oxidation reactions: (a) more environmentally friendly (i.e. "greener") methodology through the use of an aqueous solvent system and mild reaction conditions; and (b) high specificity for benzyl alcohol substrates with limited side reactivity, including over-oxidation and aromatic bromination, observed. This reaction proceeds with moderate to good yields for a broad scope of benzyl alcohol substrates, with the cyclodextrin additive accomplishing two main objectives: (a) enhancement of the desired reactivity as a result of the activation of the benzylic protons via interactions with the cyclodextrin rim; and (b) limitation of the undesired aromatic bromination side products as a result of steric shielding of the aromatic ring in the hydrophobic cyclodextrin pocket. Catalyst reusability up to three consecutive runs has been observed without substantial loss of product yield and selectivity, which further enhances the atom economy of this method. Results of these experiments were published in Synthetic Communications in 2016. Non-covalent energy transfer has been used as a highly sensitive investigative tool in a wide variety of supramolecular systems. Owing to its exquisite sensitivity and dependence on a host of factors, this strategy has also been employed to study dynamic conformations of biomolecules such as nucleic acids and peptides. Our group has developed highly efficient energy transfer systems using γ-cyclodextrin as a supramolecular host for promoting non-covalent energy transfer from small molecule aromatic toxicants to high quantum yield fluorophores. Although γ-cyclodextrin has a cavity size that is well-known to be able to accommodate two small molecule guests simultaneously, limitations of γ-cyclodextrin include its limited specificity and illdefined host: guest stoichiometry, as a result of its larger cavity size. There is neither control of the orientation of the guest molecule inside the cavity, nor selective binding of a single analyte in the presence of other competitive guest molecules, which often leads to sub-optimal detection sensitivity and anomalous false positive signals. In the third manuscript "Array based detection of isomeric and analogous analytes employing synthetically modified fluorophore attached β-cyclodextrin derivatives." the scope of the cyclodextrin host has been expanded beyond that of γ-cyclodextrin, which permits us to tailor and tune the hydrophobic domain of the hosts optimally to the size of specific guest molecules. This expansion in turn offers improvements in selectivity and sensitivity for the detection for a given analyte. The chapter highlights the synthesis of a series of fluorophore-appended β-cyclodextrins with specific degree of functionalization and high levels of regioselectivity. These are powerful architectures in our group's ongoing attempts at developing highly selective sensors for the efficient detection of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at concentrations close to their environmental concentrations and literature-reported limits of concerns. By covalently linking a fluorophore directly to the cyclodextrin host, we obtained higher levels of system control in the cyclodextrin-promoted binding leading to unique fluorophore responses in the detection of several isomeric and analogous toxicants, including DDT pesticide analogues and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners. Advantages of using β-cyclodextrin include the smaller cavity size, which directly enables greater selectivity in binding as well as more efficient host-guest interactions, the lower cost of β-cyclodextrin compared to the γ-cyclodextrin isomer, and more straightforward methods for synthetically modifying the cyclodextrin host structure. We have demonstrated the ability of three architecturally distinct combinations of perbenzylatedβ-cyclodextrin/fluorophore sensor molecules to distinguish three isomeric and two analogous classes of analytes with 100% accuracy using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of the fluorescence response signals. Each analyte-sensor binding event results in the modulation of the associated fluorophore, generating a unique chemical signature for each isomer across all the three sensors in an array based sensing strategy. Results of this work have recently been accepted for publication in New Journal of Chemistry. Additionally, the synthesis of a series of cyclodextrin-incorporated higher order architectures has also been described in the fourth manuscript "Synthetic β-cyclodextrin dimers for squaraine binding: Effect of host architecture on photophysical properties, aggregate formation and chemical reactivity." These architectures have been designed to exhibit higher binding affinity towards larger hydrophobic analytes like stilbene, tamoxifen and biphenyls based on hydrophobic binding of the guest from two or more distinct ends of the molecule. Two cyclodextrins were tethered by aromatic/alkyl amide linkages, and binding properties of these novel receptors were investigated for high quantum yield fluorophores (squaraine dyes in this case). A comparison of the binding constants of the different hosts was drawn to reveal the contribution from a flexible aromatic linker in the binding of hydrophobic guests. Investigation of the supramolecular interactions of hosts with a series of N-alkyl-N-methylanilino squaraines of progressively increasing alkyl chain length has produced a few notable results, including: (A) the ability of the dimers to suppress the squaraine Hand Jaggregate formations in solution very effectively (a phenomenon reported by Chen et. al. previously with β-cyclodextrin); (B) the ability of the dimers to protect the squaraine core from aqueous hydrolysis, thereby prolonging its halflife (a phenomenon previously reported by Smith and co-workers for squaraine pseudo-rotaxanes with synthetic tetralactam macrocycles) and finally (C) a particular dimer being able to act as an enzyme mimic for the aqueous hydrolysis of a squaraine dye with high selectivity and turn-over numbers (TON). The results of this work are being prepared for submission to the journal Chemical Science. To develop sensitive and selective sensors, efforts have even been extended to synthetic macrocycles for the efficient binding of PAHs and other analytes. The fifth manuscript "A highly versatile fluorenone-based macrocycle for the sensitive detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fluoride anions" entails the synthesis and application of a fluorenone integrated triazolophane for the efficient binding of PAHs and fluoride anions. UV-vis and H-NMR spectroscopy results showed that the macrocycle has high sensitivity for selected PAHs and binds fluoride anions in a 1:2 stoichiometry. The bilateral symmetry of the macrocycle creates two binding pockets for the relatively small fluo


Guangdong is selected as an experimental region of environmental statistic reformation by SEPA. Accurate data was obtained through improvement of environment statistics during tenth five-year-plan period. The thoughts and initials were introduced as well.


Single photon sources can be used to generate and control highly non-classical states of light. Here, we consider the possibility of generating bi-partite entanglement between two separate multi-photon states by splitting the input modes of the single photon sources into a mode distributed to $A$ and a mode distributed to $B$. If multiple photons are combined at $A$ and at $B$, the large variety of photon patterns observed after linear optics transformations of the local multi-mode systems can be used to characterize the non-classical correlation of this entangled state. However, the transformation between different photon number states in linear optics is a complicated problem, and further analysis is needed to understand the possible applications of this scalable quantum system. To obtain maximal complementarity between two measurements, we consider the unbiased interference of all input modes represented by a discrete Fourier transform of the multi-mode field. We identify characteristic patterns that can be used to identify non-classical correlations between the two multi-photon systems at $A$ and $B$ and derive a quantitative criterion for entanglement verification. Our results indicate that the large scale quantum operations can be achieved by a comparatively simple quantum network interfering the outputs of multiple single photons, where the size of the system mainly depends on the number of available single photon sources.


Popularization of higher education is not a mere expansion of scope.Its implications should be understood comprehensively as a coordinated development of higher education no matter whether in scope,in structure,in quality,in level, or in effect.Only by keeping this point in mind can we supply abundant talents for the socio economic development in Guangdong.


Aluminium alloy cans are generally used as containers for electrochemical energy systems like capacitors and advanced batteries. Packing efficiency of batteries depends upon their configuration. Containers in prismatic, cylindrical and elliptic-cylindrical shapes are generally used for battery applications. Elliptic-cylindrical shape has the advantage of better heat dissipation and good packing efficiency in battery assembly. Safety device to be provided in the cans requires material in the minimum half hard (H14) condition. In the present work, ellipsoidal cans of Al-Mn alloy were successfully realised by impact extrusion process. Mechanical properties of the cans were analysed through to ensure the adequacy of the process and it has been demonstrated that impact extrusion is a viable process for making cans for batteries with required mechanical properties, for the can in total and for the safety device in particular.


Aiming at the problems of poor representation ability and less feature data when traditional expression recognition methods are applied to intelligent applications, an expression recognition method based on improved VGG16 network is proposed. Firstly, the VGG16 network is improved by using large convolution kernel instead of small convolution kernel and reducing some fully connected layers to reduce the complexity and parameters of the model. Then, the high-dimensional abstract feature data output by the improved VGG16 is input into the convolution neural network (CNN) for training, so as to output the expression types with high accuracy. Finally, the expression recognition method combined with the improved VGG16 and CNN model is applied to the human-computer interaction of the NAO robot. The robot makes different interactive actions according to different expressions. The experimental results based on CK + dataset show that the improved VGG16 network has strong supervised learning ability. It can extract features well for different expression types, and its overall recognition accuracy is close to 90%. Through multiple tests, the interactive results show that the robot can stably recognize emotions and make corresponding action interactions.


Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a highly malignant embryonal tumor that originates from the primordial neural crest cells. NBL is the most common tumor in infants and the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. The tumor is more commonly diagnosed in children of 1-4 years of age. NBL is characterized by enigmatic clinical behavior that ranges from spontaneous regression to an aggressive clinical course leading to frequent relapses and death. Based on the likelihood of progression and relapse, the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group classification system categorized NBL into very low risk, low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk (HR) groups. HR NBL is defined based on the patient's age (> 18 months), disease metastasis, tumor histology, and MYCN gene amplification. HR NBL is diagnosed in nearly 40% of patients, mainly those > 18 months of age, and is associated with aggressive clinical behavior. Treatment strategies involve the use of intensive chemotherapy (CTR), surgical resection, high dose CTR with hematopoietic stem cell support, radiotherapy, biotherapy, and immunotherapy with Anti-ganglioside 2 monoclonal antibodies. Although HR NBL is now better characterized and aggressive multimodal therapy is applied, the outcomes of treatment are still poor, with overall survival and event-free survival of approximately 40% and 30% at 3-years, respectively. The short and long-term side effects of therapy are tremendous. HR NBL carries a high mortality rate accounting for nearly 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. However, most mortalities are attributed to the high frequency of disease relapse (50%) and disease reactiveness to therapy (20%). Newer treatment strategies are therefore urgently needed. Recent discoveries in the field of biology and molecular genetics of NBL have led to the identification of several targets that can improve the treatment results. In this review, we discuss the different aspects of the epidemiology, biology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment of HR NBL, in addition to the recent developments in the management of the disease.


PART ONE. Some great reformers PART TWO. Trial by jury PART THREE. Legal aid PART FOUR. Personal injuries PART FIVE. Libel PART SIX. Privacy and confidence PART SEVEN. The Bill of Rights PART EIGHT. Misuse of power Epilogue Index


Objective To investigate the knowledge status about epilepsy and needs for relevant knowledge among the parents of epileptic children. Methods A questionnaire survey in the form of face-to-face interview was conducted among 48 parents, 13 fathers and 35 mothers, aged 22~40, 29.2% of junior middle education, 29.2% of senior middle education, and 41.7% of higher education, by non-random conventional sampling. Health education was given to 10 of the 48 parents whose children were hospitalized for more than 2 weeks selected by random sampling. A questionnaire survey was conducted once more before their children were discharged from the hospital. Results The mean knowledge rate about epilepsy of the parents was 62.15%. More than half of the parents showed their aspiration to get relevant knowledge. The knowledge rate was positively correlated with the parents' educational level and negatively correlated with the parents' age. The correct answer rate of the 10 parents who received specific health education before the discharge of their children was 91.25%, significantly higher than that when their children were admitted (P0.01). Conclusion The knowledge rate about epilepsy of the epileptic children' parents needs to be raised through health education in accordance with the specific knowledge needs.


Textiles made of bamboo regenerated fibre are reported to have lower tensile strength than the other cellulosic fibres, due to high porosity of the fibre. This paper was aimed to modify the bamboo knitted fabric by the sol-gel coating to improve the tensile strength with minimum effect on its inherent morphology and ultimate relevant properties such as good absorbency and air permeability. The paddry-bake process was employed for the coating where tetraethyl-orthosilicate and nano-titanium-dioxide were used as the active ingredients. The treated fabrics were tested for the tensile behaviour in terms of breaking strength and elongation and the sol-gel process recipe and parameters were optimised. The absorbency, air-permeability and washing durability of the coating were also tested for the optimised process. Results showed the increase in tensile strength of the fabric by sol-gel coating, whereas absorbency and air-permeability were almost unaffected. The coating results were unaffected even after a washing treatment (equivalent to 5 industrial washings). Additionally, the wrinkle recovery angle of the coated fabric was also tested and found improved.


objective: To investigate the characteristics of pulmonary function in cough variant asthma(CVA). Methods: Analysing clinical data of 33 patients with CVA and comparing with 35 patients with typical asthma. Results: The expiratory-flow parameters in patients with CVA are better than patients with typical asthma, and raw is lower in CVA obviously. There is reversible obstruction in airway of CVA patients,but is less than typical asthma patients. Conclusion: There is reversible airway obstruction in CVA patients and bronchidialation test is a safe and effective method.


This research began with a community empowerment program launched through the Village Funds Budget. Community empowerment is the lowest priority in managing village funds after development and government. In fact, empowerment that currently does not reach 30% of the village funds budget can create a more independent community. However, until now the independence of the community has not been realized to its full potential. By using a socio-empirical research and program evaluation approach, it is expected that this research can obtain a real picture of the effectiveness of community empowerment through village funds in West Lampung. The community empowerment program launched by the government through the management of village funds in West Lampung is still not effective. This is caused by several factors, namely: the level of geographical difficulties of Pekon in the mountainous region, and the relatively low level of education of the community and Pekon apparatus. These causes make empowerment when viewed in terms of the programs offered are very good. However, the implementation is still not effective where the village funds management apparatus lacks the courage to develop the program on the grounds that there are no official technical guidelines from the regional government.


In the past 20 years, following several decades of decline, the number of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the UK has increased. The characteristics of TB cases have changed, from a disease that was predominantly pulmonary and widespread in the population [1], to one that is concentrated in major urban areas affecting immigrants, the homeless, prisoners and drug users [2], with a high proportion of extrapulmonary disease [3]. The signs and symptoms of TB are shared with many other diseases. Therefore, knowledge of the epidemiology of TB and current associated risk factors is essential in informing a diagnosis [4]. The changing epidemiology of TB in low incidence settings has implications for TB diagnosis and therefore elimination http://ow.ly/KN6Vq


With the tremendous use of videos in all spheres of like Video conferencing, video Surveillance, High definition TVs etc., the demand to enhance the compression and quality of videos w.r.t the existing standards is the need of the day. As it is known a sequence of image frames are presented at such a high speed per sec that to the human eyes it seems like a video. Basically video data is composed of sequence of image frames and the change between the consecutive frames is very small. So lots of existing temporal and spatial redundancy is removed to achieve high video compressions. While encoding, instead of coding the whole frames independently, the difference between the consecutive frames is encoded. For this, Frame is divided into Blocks and the displacement of the current block in the current frame with respect to the best matching block in the reference frame is found which is known as motion vector. The most time consuming job of the Video encoder, is to find the motion vectors. To fasten the process of motion estimation a lot of research had been done by many researchers and came up with a no. of standards like MPEG1 to H.264 time to time to meet the needs of upcoming technologies. This review paper gives an over view of the need of video compression, basics of video encoding, the matching criterion for finding Motion Vectors, Fast Block Motion finding Algorithms and factors that may help in improving the quality and reducing the computations in a Video Encoder.


Aiming at the problem that aviation products generally have multiple performance degradation indicators, which lead to difficulty in extracting degradation features and inaccurate prediction of remaining useful lifetime (RUL), a method for building health index and predicting RUL of aviation products based on multi-source degradation data fusion is proposed. This method is based on the accuracy of degradation modeling to construct the construction principle of health index and realizes the deep fusion of multi-source degradation data. On this basis, the distribution expression of the RUL is derived based on the distribution of the first hitting time of the Wiener process. The effectiveness of the method is verified through the example analysis.


Different processes of detonation spraying were used to deposit CoNiCrAlY-Al_2O_3 coatings on the SCH19 heat resistant steel. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized by means of XRD, SEM and EDS. The surface roughness, microhardness and high temperature wear loss were measured. The results show that CoNiCrAlY-Al_2O_3 coatings take lamellar structures as characteristics and are composed of γ-Ni(Co,Cr)、γ′-Ni_3Al and α-Al_2O_3. Properly increasing C_2H_2/O_2 flow ratio leads to more homogeneous microstructure and improves the high temperature wear resistance at 900℃.


A sampling theory approach is developed for estimating group utility functions for inclusion in decision-analytic approaches to public plan evaluation. This approach is based. on Bayesian sampling theory and leads to estimates of group utility accounting for sampling and measurement error. The results of the estimation may be directly incorporated in decision analysis. The strength of this approach is that it leads to more rigorously based estimates of interest group utility functions than commonly used. surrogates, and can be analytically balanced with other forms of preference information such as market data.


Based on observations made at PT. Petrokopindo Cipta Selaras, the company releases a number of substances during the organic fertilizer production process. The method used to analyze the environmental impact produced by PT. Petrokopindo Cipta Selaras is a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. This method was chosen because by using this method a mechanism can be carried out to analyze and take into account the total environmental impact of a product in a production process. This research was conducted to determine the magnitude of the resulting environmental impact and then determine alternative improvements using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. It is known that the distribution process is the process that produces the largest environmental impact with the magnitude of 173200616 tons of CO2 and 14672.67214 tons of SO2. And the alternative improvement in the selected distribution process is to replace the trucks with a capacity of 8 tons to 50 tons to reduce the impact on the environment in the distribution process.


Gnathology is the science that treats of the biologics of the masticatory mechanism; that is the morphology, anatomy, history, phisiology, pathology and therapeutics of the oral organ, especially the jaw and teeth and the vital relations of this organ to the rest of the body. It is not too much to say that the science of gnathology is based on the theory of terminal hinge axis and also centric relation. Aside from this theory, it is really so necessary for us as the practioners to have an ability of recording them when we treat or diagnose the biologics of the masticatory mechanism by the gnathological concepts. Otherwise, the practioners who have not learned a method for precise location of the position of centric relation will have great difficulty analyzing the problems of the masticatory mechanism. However, this is the fact that it is really a complicated matter not only recording centric relation but also understanding it for young unskilled dentists although they have learned through the seminars. Author can find the reasons of this matter. This is the reason why there is no unifying concepts about •gcentric relation•h, also technique how to manipulate jaw position for recording it. Since gnathology was born, a lot of methods have been advocated by many authorities, but almost of them, it is nothing and their experimental explanations are not clear. Recently, it can be said there is growing agreement among authorities that the time honored definitions and also manipulations of •gcentric relation•h are not valid. The purpose of this article is to describe with above mentioned facts; (1) the concepts about centric relation concerning the jaw mechanism as lever system in mastication, (2) re-evaluation


As e-shopping becomes more popular, there is an increasing interest in trying to understand the key factors that affect e-shopping experiences. Here, we explore key factors that shape young consumers' e-shopping experiences, and we attempt to identify differences between factors shaping positive and negative experiences. Applying a critical incident technique, we study 432 e-mail messages from consumers who visited four specific e-shopping sites and purchased gifts. We identify five key groups of variables (i.e., price, product-related, site interface, fulfilment, privacy/security), which shape shopping experiences. We also compare our set of features with others that have emerged in the traditional retailing and e-tailing literatures. Here, we find that fulfilment and privacy/security serve to shape negative experiences, whereas site interface is more associated with positive experiences. Managerial and research implications are discussed.


We study the impact of future measurements of lepton-charge and forward-backward asymmetries in Drell-Yan processes in regions of transverse and invariant masses near the Standard Model gauge bosons peaks to improve the Parton Distribution Functions uncertainties. We study the implications on W (cid:48) and Z (cid:48) searches following the reduction of these uncertainties. We find that the sensitivity to the Beyond the Standard Model states is greatly increased with respect to the case of base Parton Distribution Functions sets, thereby enabling one to set more stringent limits on (or indeed discover) such new particles. LHC and the relative uncertainties on 20% in the of invari-ant/transverse and of (cid:48) and W (cid:48)


Seismic wave velocity and electrical conductivity profiles together with mineral physics data suggest existence of the stagnant slabs in the wet mantle transition zone (1, 2). it was also suggested based on hydrous mineral inclusions in diamond such as hydrous ringwoodite (3). Hydrous minerals such as hydrous phase EGG and hydrous phase d (4), and aluminous phase TAPP (5) has been reported as inclusions in diamond. These aluminous mineral inclusions might be continental and/or oceanic crustal components subducted in the wet mantle transition zone contains. Dense hydrous magmas might exist at the base of the upper mantle. Fluids or volatile-rich magmas may exist at the top of the lower mantle due to crossing of the convective descent of the cold hydrated slabs showing a large contrast of water contents between the mineral assemblages in the mantle transition zone and those of the lower mantle. Dense magmas are not likely to be formed at this depth and the hydrous magmas generated in this region move upwards and metasomatize the overlying mantle transition zone. Water can be transported further into the lower mantle by collapse of the stagnant slabs, which supply water into the lower mantle and the core-mantle boundary. Hydrous phase d-H solid solution may be the most important hydrous phase in lower mantle (6). Existence of this phase reduces the aluminum content in coexisting bridgmantite and post-perovskite, and thus modifies the physical properties of the lower mantle. Hydrous phase d-H solid solution can be accumulated at the base of the lower mantle. The iron-water reaction at the core-mantle boundary can create pyrite-type FeOOH which can be a potential candidate material for ULVZ (7). Thus, water plays important roles on structure and dynamics of the mantle transition zone and the lower mantle.


A study of 41 base populations derived from Indian, African and American sources of germ plasm for top-cross analysis in S0, S1 and S3 generations of testing showed that (a) I.P. 81 (Pusa Moti) was superior yielder per se when used as a control but was a poor combiner as a tester parent; (b) Seven S1 hybrids involving I.P. 232, I.P. 233, LP. 57, D. 1, I.P. 228, LP. 231, LP. 229 showed significant superiority for grain yield over their S0 hybrids in relation to the control; (c) 21 S3 hybrids yielded 43 to 261% higher than the control (1148 kg./ha); (d) Group comparisons showed superior significant performance of the exotic over indigenous materials for grain yield and its major components; (e) Tift 23A CMS line hybrid group was significantly superior as compared to Tift 18A hybrid group for grain yield, tillering and grain density.


In a surface photovoltage determination of the collection length of holes in undoped amorphous Si:H, the ac surface photovoltage has been picked up by the use of a liquid Schottky barrier. The redox couple quinone‐hydroquinone proved the best liquid. Simultaneous illumination with a bias light of up to 1 sun removes most of the internal barrier field allowing measurement of the ambipolar diffusion length. Values in the range 0.01–0.8 μm are found depending on the conditions of sample preparation.


Hair is an essential aspect of image and is correlated with youth, elegance, fitness and achievement. Hair loss leads to lowered self-esteem, lack of confidence and depression amongst affected individuals. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permitted management options for male Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) are topical Minoxidil and oral Finasteride. These agents are beneficial in controlling hair loss, but can only induce minimal new hair growth.


Gnathiid larvae were collected as ectoparasites on elasmobranchs caught in fisheries off Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, southwestern Japan. The larvae were reared in a laboratory aquarium; some metamorphosed into male and female adults of Gnathia nubila n. sp. and Gnathia grandilaris Coetzee, Smit, Grutter & Davies, 2008. Males of G. nubila n. sp. were easily distinguished from all other species by the bifit and dentate mediofrontal process of the frontal border and by a narrow pleotelson. Gnathia grandilaris was originally recorded from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, and here we report a second find of this species from the Ryukyus. Since the first description did not include female adult of G. grandilaris, we provide the morphology of female.


The utility model discloses a chargeable mobilephone protection shell, which comprises a shell and a charging device, wherein the back part of the shell is provided with a plug slot; the charging device comprises a plug, a transformer, a charging plug and a lead wire, wherein the plug is arranged in the plug slot, a connecting rod is arranged between the plug and the plug slot, the transformer is arranged inside the shell, and the charging plug is arranged on the inner wall of the shell. According to the utility model, because a mobilephone is arranged in the shell, a mobilephone charging slot is connected with the charging plug, the plug at the back of the shell is rotated to be connected with a power supply to charge the mobilephone, and therefore the chargeable mobilephone protection shell is simple in structure; and the charger can be combined with the protection shell and can charge the mobilephone anytime and anywhere very conveniently.


Analytical and numerical methods are used to study the process of motion of domain walls in an individual nanowire consisting of ferromagnetic crystallites with a chaotic crystallographic anisotropy. The influence of magnetostatic interaction on the motion is considered. The force profile of the domain wall pinning, caused by stochastic crystallographic anisotropy, is examined. The magnetization curve is analytically constructed and the coercive force is calculated. The Barkhausen jumps of domain walls are investigated. The result is verified by numerically modeling.


: This study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of intense acute exercise and regular and continuous exercise on oxidative stress parameters and apoptosis-related Bax and Bcl-2 protein levels in rats. In the study, 1 control and 4 experimental groups were formed from 35 male Wistar-Albino rats, 7 in each group. The control group was not exercised, the other four groups exercised at a speed of 1.5 km/h for 1 hour on a 20-degree incline treadmill every day. Control and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups at the end of the 1st, 7th, 15th, and 30th day, respectively, were sacrificed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity as an antioxidant indicators in muscle and plasma were measured. BAX and BCL-2


The invention relates to a method for active transportation management. According to this method, a transportation centre is established and receives potential transportation orders from clients with the transportation data and parameters and converts the transportation data that are associated with the transportation orders into an electronic message. Said message is emitted within a predetermined area by means of a mobile telecommunications system and can be received by suitable receiving devices.


A new method for gesture/motion recognition j?om time-varying image sequences is proposed, using predicative statistical feature extraction combined with linear discriminant analysis. The method ofSers natural, eflcient and robust extractiodrepresentation of information about motion and is at the same time computationally inexpensive. Good generalization abilities for gesture recognition are achieved by the method we propose: it is robust to changes in background and illumination conditions, to subjects' external appearance (clothing, body size, etc.), successfully copes with the non-uniformity in the speed of the gestures. No manual segmentation of any kind, or use of markers, sensors, etc. are necessary. The method requires no special environmental conditions, e.g. it is suitable for use in normal oflce environment. Real-time speed of processing can be achieved. Having these features, the method could be successfully applied to the creation of more refined human-computer interfaces. Also, since no domain-specific knowledge is used, the method can be easily adapted to other problems involving motion recognition.


Objective: To evaluate the treatment outcome with standardized regimen for Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and to measure its efficacy and efficiency. Methods: Study retrospective with clinical charts of patients with TB-MDR from June 2003 to June 2005. Demographics, history of drugs and clinical regimen of retreatment and outcome where analyzed. Results. Among 55 patients initiated retreatment, the mean of drug resistance was 3.3, patient where treated with a median of 4 (4-6) drugs. There where monitoring adverse effects in 91.7% patients, of them, 93.2% had at least one. Probable cure 66.7%, failure 18.8%, default 6.3%, death 6.3% and it had to suspended retreatment on 2.1% cause severe adverse effects. The efficiency was 58.2% (32/55) and the efficacy was 80% (32/40). The antecedent of contact with a TB patient had greater favorable results that the ones that did not have it (OR: 3.6 (IC95% 0.95-15.19) p = 0.03). The patients from Veracruz had more unfavorable results that the other ones (OR: 6.4 (IC95% 1.46-32.20) p = 0.004). Conclusion: The results suggest that the retreatment standardized is efficient above those patients had treated only with first line drugs and it had efficacy mainly in those patients treated under DOTS/TAES strategy.


ZEF Publication of the ZEF-Project " Local Governance and Statehood in the Amu Darya Borderlands " funded by the Volkswagen Foundation


The paper relates to historical aspects of Range Rover development and prerequisites for an ABS system specification suitable for the vehicle. Detailed discussion of brake system performance parameters and a component review is provided. Safety aspects of the unique system and vehicle combination are highlighted (A).


A simplified pretreatment process. To meet the conflicting demands for low costs, environmental compatibility and operating safety, processes are demanded which achieve the desired results in the simplest possible way. A simplified process is described in detail, taking as an example a pretreatment process for steel and galvanized components, in readiness for surface coating, which does not involve the use of heavy metals.


In the last 10 years, the population of people with a disability in South Korea has been on a steadily rising trend, and with strides made in the field of medicine coupled with the rising standard of life, the population of people with a disability is also becoming more elderly. Despite this, it has been suggested that there is a lack of social infrastructure in place to support the increase in the elderly population, including those with a disability, and it has also been suggested that the living spaces and environments do not adequately meet the needs of neither people with a disability nor the elderly population, in terms of usability and accessibility. To overcome this problem, western countries, including European countries, have put out in the market various products targeting people with a disability as well as the elderly which are designed to increase the accessibility of their living environment. As for South Korea, there is a growing number of domestic companies looking to import these products. The purpose of this study was to assess the usability of high-end commercial bathroom products from Europe which are developed for the elderly or people with a disability, and the assessment was done targeting people with a physical disability in South Korea. In other words, the study aimed to determine whether the household products from Europe and overseas satisfy domestic consumers in terms of usability and accessibility. The bathroom products which were assessed included a sink, a shower chair, a shower faucet, and an armrest. They are among the products of a company in Europe that develops and sells healthcare products and rehabilitation aids. To carry out the study objective, a total of 5 people with a physical disability or encephalopathy were recruited as the test subjects. A task-centric usability assessment scenario was written up to conduct the usability assessment, and the test subjects did one-on-one interviews and performed the task scenario. From the usability assessment, the effectiveness, efficiency, and level of satisfaction were determined as the quantitative results, and from the interviews the test subjects' opinions on the products were collected and systematized. This study assessed high-end bathroom products for their usability and accessibility for people with a disability as the user. Furthermore, it found that carrying out usability assessment by having the actual consumers (people with a disability and the elderly) try out various products is important when it comes to developing and commercializing products.


Extreme flood estimation plays a major role in water resource systems as extreme events can provide an immediate hazard to the life and property of people as well as to water resource structures. For the design of flood control measures and the assessment of risk areas accurate flood estimates are needed. Still, currently applied statistical and deterministic approaches for flood peak estimation often yield very inconsistent results that may even differ up to a magnitude of three in the worst cases. This project focused on explaining the reasons for the discrepancies in the currently applied approaches in order to contribute towards a harmonization in the estimation of extreme floods. To this purpose, a detailed study in the region of Tyrol (Austria) has been performed.


contract takes on the activity itself. The relevant ECJ and EFTA case law provides the basis for this chapter. This book fully achieves its stated purpose, namely, to address the interaction between labour law and public or semipublic procurement. Each chapter contains a bulk of relevant information, illustrated by the relevant European case law and practices taken, in the main, from the Nordic countries. The fact that


The measurement results of the hydraulic splitting test for the bearing capacity of surrounding rock of the air-cushion surge tank are presented in this paper.Its analysis indicates that the rock structure integrality and its bearing capacity are better as the tunnel is deeper into the mountain, especially at the 5th site 0+729m,the average value of resisting split is 74MPa,and it reaches the rock mechanics qualification and provides an ideal position for building the air-cushion surge tank.


The future of appraisal industry looks negative in the reality of change of the property market and over-competition of the field. Unless Constituent members of appraisal industry cope actively with the changing circumstances the profit structure of their company will get worse and they will finally fall behind in the competition. The best policy to survive from the changing circumstances in the limited appraisal market is to provide better service and improve its structure in order to have differential competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to describe the relation between the service factors of appraisal industry and customer satisfaction for providing more effective and high quality appraisal service.


This work presents a comparative study between magnetic field sensors based on in-fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometers (FPI) and on fiber Bragg gratings (FBG). FPI results showed a high sensitivity being 340% higher than the FBG commercial.


The (re)methylation of homocysteine to methionine is an essential process for continuation of the cycle whereby Sadenosylmethionine acts as the major methyl donor for biosynthesis. There are two enzymes capable of mediating the homocysteine to m e t h i o n i n e c o n v e r s i o n : N 5 methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase with the methyl group provided by N5-methyltetrahydrofolate o r betaine-homocysteine methyl transferase (BHMT), the methyl group being donated by betaine leaving N-dimethylglycine (DMG) as product. Attempts have been made to assess the relative contributions of these reactions e.g. by estimating the production of sarcosine in patients with sarcosinaemia [l]. However, the accumulation of DMG (the immediate precursor of sarcosine) was not measured. We have investigated patients with the disorder multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency ("glutaric aciduria type 11"; [2]) . The disorder is caused by a deficiency in either electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) o r ETFubiquinone reductase (ETF-QO) and has been characterised by the excretion of several short-chain dicarboxylic acids as a result of the block in metabolism of precursor CoA analogues and subsequent 61 and 61-1 oxidation [ 3 1 . The enzymes DMG dehydrogenase and sarcosine dehydrogenase are also ETF(-QO) dependent and whereas sarcosine excretion has been reported in such patients no investigation of DMG metabolism has been carried out. Urine from a neonate with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency was immediately frozen at -20" prior to nmr analysis. Spectra were recorded at 400 and 500 MHz with a sweep of 12 ppm, a 90" pulse and recycling time of 5 s . 120 scans were generally sufficient to give good signal to noise. The spectrum from the patient shows several abnormal resonances. Signals from adipic, suberic , sebacic, glutaric and isovaleric acids are present. At 2.93 and 3.73 ppm are large signals from DMG and at 2.74 ppm a small signal from sarcosine. The excretion rate of DMG expressed as creatinine equivalents was 1.5. mol/mol. Excretion of DMG in healthy neonates is usually less than 0.3 mol/mol creatinine and sarcosine < 0.1 (Davies and Iles, unpublished). Perhaps surprisingly betaine excretion was within the normal range for a child of this age [41. As the excretion of DMG was so large in comparison to sarcosine it is likely that the inhibition of DMG


The Laibin Smelter's plant practice of comprehensive recovering indium from tin system was briefly introduced.Indium was recovered and considerable economic benefits had been made after adjusting the major technological index of electrolysis in silicon fluoride acid electrolyte system and extraction,stripping from the solution after electrolysis.


Tunable photonic band gap crystals were prepared by the infiltration of photoresponsive liquid crystals into inverse opal structure films. Tuning of their optical properties could be realized by means of photoinduced phase transition of liquid crystals. The photoinduced phase transition behavior could be evaluated by measuring the change in their optical properties under light irradiation, and it was clearly observed that the behavior varied with temperature and light intensity. The materials could store and display images that were created by the irradiation with UV light through a photomask. A great advantage of this technique is that the films themselves can display an image without the use of polarizers or other assistant materials, and they can also render a color display that can be selected by varying the lattice distance of the inverse opal structure. In addition, we achieved the control of their optical properties by the application of an electric field. Because the state induced by the electric ...


This article analyses the Spanish diplomatic network c.1700 through a study of the correspondence generated by the embassy of The Hague held in Spanish and Belgian archives. It demonstrates how the monarchy possessed procedures and resources for the effective management of external information, allowing it to integrate and distribute the knowledge necessary for decision-making. The article closely examines the practices of ministers when handling state matters and reacting to crises, such as that of the Spanish succession.


Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. However, data on NAFLD in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) are scarce. We therefore aimed at investigating its association with T2DM as well as its impact on cardiovascular event risk in a large series of 1518 patients with established CVD (1274 patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease and 244 patients with sonographically proven peripheral artery disease), using the validated fatty liver index for the diagnosis of NAFLD. At baseline, the prevalence of NAFLD was significantly higher in patients with T2DM than in nondiabetic subjects (61.3 vs. 39.8%; p Disclosure C.H. Saely: None. A. Vonbank: None. M. Maechler: None. B. Larcher: None. L. Sprenger: None. A. Mader: None. D. Purin: None. M. Klement: None. A. Leiherer: None. A. Muendlein: None. H. Drexel: None.


The European Community is increasingly entering into international agreements as a party. These agreements are Community law to the extent to which they are covered by Community competence. Member state liability for the breach of Community law, as established by the Court of Justice, is a conditio sine qua non to ensure the effectiveness of Community law. This situation leads to the question whether an individual can also hold a Member State liable for the breach of an international agreement. As the Community's external relations are characterized by specific legal and political conditions, the answer to this question very much depends on the Court's will to uphold its past jurisprudence as well as its concern for the Communitys position in the international political arena.


This paper considers the problem of the integration of 'posterior knowledge' into condition-monitoring systems from both the theoretical and practical points of view. The work is presented in the context of aircraft engine maintenance. A methodology for updating posterior probabilities is proposed for cases where fault conditions are rejected or retained on the basis of external knowledge supplied by an end user, that is the posterior knowledge. A possible fault class ranking is generated following the specification of fault class posterior probability functions. Context-free simulations are used to show the effect of posterior knowledge as part of a maintenance strategy. The simulations are independent of any specific condition-monitoring situation. Preliminary results indicate that posterior knowledge reduces the number of subunit inspections required for isolation of all faults. This has the potential to result in real maintenance cost savings.


This essay examines the renowned Cockney School attacks within their most immediate context: the pages of Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. It argues that the textual dynamics of Maga are more fundamental to understanding this campaign than either politics or class animus, although these are deeply implicated. Blackwood's, over time, developed a series of rules of reading for its implied audience, a set of protocols that governs the interpretation of both the formal Cockney School series as well as the occasional references to Hunt, Keats and Hazlitt in other articles.
Read against other contributions to the magazine and in terms of the individual numbers in which they emerge, the attacks on Hunt and Keats take on meaning less critical or political than institutional. The writers of Blackwood's, at least over the course of the magazine's first hundred numbers, created an idiosyncratic textual dynamic, which employed dialogism, self-consciousness, contradiction, performative rhetoric, hoaxing and what contributors term 'bam'. The Cockney School articles, like another infamous extended series in Blackwood's—the 'Noctes Ambrosianae'—are a performance best judged by the peculiar textual rules of this magazine.


The difference in carbon emissions has an important impact on the decision-making of dual-channel fresh produce supply chain financing. We set up a Stackelberg game model of a dual-channel supply chain under the financing strategy of banks and retailers to study the optimal operation decision and financing strategy selection. Our analysis results show that when the retailer's interest rate and the carbon emission difference met certain conditions, the supplier always chooses the financing strategy of retailers.


647 Background: Activating protein-1 (AP1) elements in gene promoters are pivotal in growth factor mediated cell survival pathways in breast cancer. Selective estrogen receptor modulators are known to alter estrogen receptor (ER) conformation giving rise to differential gene activation through estrogen response elements (EREs) and AP1 elements. Trilostane is an effective treatment in advanced breast cancer. Trilostane also has a novel allosteric effect on ER that leads to reduced binding to EREs and inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation. We compare the effects of trilostane and tamoxifen on an AP1 reporter system and progesterone receptor (PgR) gene expression in vitro.

METHODS
An AP1-reporter plasmid was transfected into MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells transiently co-transfected with plasmids encoding ER beta or ER alpha and assayed by luminescence after 72h treatment with trilostane, or tamoxifen in the presence of the AP1 activators epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 17-beta estradiol (E2). Expression of the AP1-dependent PgR gene was assayed by RT-PCR in MCF-7 cells after similar treatments.

RESULTS
A 3-fold increase in AP1 activity was observed in MDA-MB-231 ER alpha-transfected cells in response to E2 and EGF. This was blocked by trilostane. Tamoxifen had no effect. ER beta-transfected cells showed similar responses. In addition, trilostane reduced E2-stimulated PgR mRNA levels while tamoxifen did not. 4-hydroxy tamoxifen, a potent metabolite of tamoxifen, augmented E2-stimulated PgR expression in these cells.

CONCLUSIONS
The contrasting effects of tamoxifen and trilostane on the AP1-reporter assay and PgR expression suggest different mechanisms that involve conformational changes in ER. Trilostane's unique profile of action could explain the proven benefit to breast cancer patients who have become refractory to tamoxifen therapy, especially as their tumors evolve from an ERE- to an AP1-dependent phenotype. [Table: see text].


This paper addresses the creation of a discussion seminar component for an upper-level Artificial Intelligence course for junior and senior Computer Science majors. Its purpose is to contextualize ongoing work in the field within greater social, cultural, and ethical perspectives. Although our program is not ABET-accredited, we use the student outcomes as a roadmap of desirable curriculum content. Assessment of student responses to this material indicates that this is an appropriate way to address the ABET student outcomes that seek to connect Computer Science curricula with societal impact.


In this paper, a compact partial H-plane filter with periodic structure is proposed. Guided wavelength of periodic structure' is reduced by slow wave effect. Cross-section and length of partial H-plane filter with periodic structure are considerably reduced by 75% and 30%, respectively, as compared with conventional E-plane filter. In addition, spurious responses of the bandpass filter are improved. To design bandpass filter with periodic structure, we have analyzed a periodic structure of partial H-plane waveguide and derived equations of the periodic filter. Measured results are in good agreement with simulated results.


BACKGROUND
Foreign bodies in the pleural cavity are not common as it is a closed space that does not communicate with the exterior.

METHOD
A single case of a scalpel blade in the pleural cavity is reported.

CONCLUSION
The Abdominal route is safe for approaching a foreign body in the pleural cavity.


By establishing an integrated model made up of CA and Learning Vector Quantization Network (LVQ Network),evolution rules of land cellular automata were mined,which would be used to invert the land use pattern and predict land cellular status in future.The integrated CA-LVQ model indicates that evolution rules of land cellular automata found in past land use pattern were quite coincident with simultaneous social evolution in the research area in Shanghai;so such an integrated model can be used to simulate land use evolution by distinctly shortening required time.The integrated CA-LVQ model can be further improved by appending to it social and economic factors and reducing LVQ's information waste.


This paper first reviewed a controversial case in which a teacher ran away from his students in a earthquake. Several educational ethnic questions were aroused from the case: Is protecting students part of teacher's job? To what extent should it be applied? etc. Then the author aims to answer these questions based on a real case study from philosophical perspective, that is, analyzing teacher's role(i) as a human being;(ii) as a educator;(iii) as a educatee. Finally the paper concludes that teachers should protect their students even under life threatening circumstances.