Muscle protein catabolism in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) results in striking losses of muscle proteins, which increases morbidity and mortality risks. Emerging evidence shows that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play an important role in the maintenance of health and disease development. Recently, the connection between butyrate (a SCFA) and DN has been revealed, although the relationship between butyrate and muscle atrophy is still not clear. In our study, we found a significant decrease in butyrate in DN using metabolomics analyses. The addition of butyrate remarkably intestinal barrier function. Concurrently, butyrate could alleviate muscle atrophy and promote PI3K/AKT/mTOR signals, and suppress oxidative stress and autophagy in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice as well as high glucose/lipopolysaccharide (HG/LPS)-induced C2C12 cells. To further explore the mechanism, we found that GPR43, the key SCFAs signaling molecule, was significantly decreased in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice and HG/LPS-induced C2C12 cells. Overexpression of GPR43 could activate PI3K/AKT/mTOR signals and inhibit oxidative stress and autophagy in HG/LPS-induced C2C12 cells. Silencing of GPR43 blocked PI3K/AKT/mTOR signals improved by butyrate, as well as suppression of oxidative stress and reduction of autophagy. Ultimately, butyrate alleviated muscle atrophy in DN via GPR43-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway


Access to clean and stable energy, meeting sustainable development goals, the fossil fuel dependency and depletion are some of the reasons that have impacted developing countries to transform the business as usual economy to a more sustainable economy. However, access and availability of finance is a major challenge for many developing countries. Financing renewable energy projects require access to significant resources, by multiple parties, at varying points in the project life cycles. This research aims to investigate sources and new trends in financing RE projects in developing countries. For this purpose, a detail and in-depth literature review have been conducted to explore the sources and trends of current RE financial investment and projects, to understand the gaps and limitations. This paper concludes that there are various internal and external sources of finance available for RE projects in developing countries.


Abstract This paper shows that, in a multi-country framework with government deficit spillovers, designing institutions that reduce the budget deficit is an optimal response from a country's individual point of view. However, at an aggregate level this non-cooperative behavior is counterproductive. The case in which countries cooperate in the design of their fiscal institutions is also studied and compared with the former scenario. The study provides a new approach for analyzing mechanisms, such as the Stability Pact for Europe's monetary union, recently implemented with the aim of reducing the budget deficit.


The picture springs easily to mind: some Capitol Hill politicians, with perceptible grins, circle the wagons and wave placards proclaiming, "It Doesn't Work!" But in a new version of the familiar picture, the demonstrators are not naysayers, and their signs trumpet just as loudly, "It Does Work!" Some background is necessary to understand this somewhat unusual picture. What "doesn't work" has been a major theme of those who oppose federal programs in education or who would prefer other policies in their stead. They are sometimes supported by those who endorse vouchers for the children of low-income families (often as a foot in the door toward vouchers in general). Perhaps this latter group to some extent fuels the efforts of the former. But, whatever the sequence, programs intended to level the playing field for poor children - the primary focus of most large federal initiatives - are ever vulnerable to the charge that they fail to make headway against the daunting odds they face. The $7.1 billion Title I program is in a somewhat beleaguered position right now because of the widely reported conclusions of a five-year evaluation mandated by Congress that is known as the "Prospects" study. At best, says the report, children receiving Title I services don't slip any further behind their peers. Thankfully, some voices on Capitol Hill can be heard, acknowledging that reforms initiated in the 1994 reauthorization of Title I were just in their pilot stages during most of the period covered in the study of Title I outcomes. We still don't know whether the scaling up of changes that show promise can close the academic gap between poor students and those from wealthier families. It seems logical that high expectations rather than remedial work, schools that are unified in their efforts to raise the achievement of all students, and well-prepared teachers will raise the achievement levels of Title I students. These approaches are now being implemented under the revised Title I, but their effects have not yet been verified. We do know that schools in which most of the children come from poor families - with all the social baggage that such background entails - can produce academic results as good as those produced by schools in which most children come from high-income families. Title I schools can work - and work well. The "Special Strategies" study of the U.S. Department of Education, conducted by Johns Hopkins University and Abt Associates, Inc., examined 10 innovative programs, such as the School Development Program (James Comer model), Success for All, and local tutoring programs. The researchers found no silver bullets among them, but, when well implemented, the programs were able to demonstrate that disadvantaged students are capable of high levels of learning. Proof that such success does not need to depend on outside gurus and special technical ability - that ordinary teachers, principals, and parents have the capacity to make sure students succeed academically - comes in the form of a powerful study out of Texas. The results take the "bizarreness" out of the success of low-income schools, according to Joseph Johnson, one of the researchers from the Charles Dana Center at the University of Texas, Austin, who spoke at a session of the 1997 meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA). "What these schools did, every school can do," he said. At least 60% of the students in all the schools studied were receiving free or reduced-price meals, and at least 75% of the students at most of the schools qualified for federally subsidized meals. All the schools received Title I funds and were at various stages of schoolwide programs in the 1994-95 school year. In the spring of 1995, at least 70% of the students in each of the 26 schools that were part of the study passed the reading and math sections of the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills, a level reached by few schools in the state. …


Abstract We prove an extension of the Moore–Schmidt theorem on the triviality of the first cohomology class of cocycles for the action of an arbitrary discrete group on an arbitrary measure space and for cocycles with values in an arbitrary compact Hausdorff abelian group. The proof relies on a 'conditional' Pontryagin duality for spaces of abstract measurable maps.


The novel translated by Linshu was a hot topic,many researches had been done on it.Reviewing those researches,we find that the interpretors,that is,Linshu's collaborators,had always been ignored.Linshu didn't know any foreign language,so he couldn't translate without the interpretors.If there were not the interpretors,there would never have Linshu's translation. Therefore,the unsung heroes should not be forgotten.


A pronatalist perspective on maternal bodies renders the adoptive maternal body queer. In this essay, I argue that the queerness of the adoptive maternal body makes it a useful epistemic standpoint from which to critique dominant views of mothering. In particular, exploring motherhood through the lens of adoption reveals the discursive mediation and social regulation of all maternal bodies, as well as the normalizing assumptions of heteronormativity, "reprosexuality," and family homogeneity that frame a traditional view of the biological family. As participants in motherhood who resist "repro-narrativity,""reprosexuality," and essentialism, adoptive maternal bodies have the potential to both queer our notions of normal mothering and normalize our notions of queer mothering.


ABSTRACT
 A new specimen, referred to the notharctid primate Notharctus tenebrosus, is described from the middle Eocene of eastern Nevada. The material consists of the upper and lower jaws with most tooth loci represented, including rare representation of relatively unworn upper incisors. The completeness of the specimen permits a restoration of the spatial relationships of the anterior teeth, demonstrating that there was a small zone of interproximal contact between the upper central incisors. The relatively unworn upper incisors also indicate a unique cropping mechanism in notharctids not seen before in the group. The orientation of the cropping edges on the upper central incisors changed progressively with tooth wear, implying a shift in function and/or food properties over the course of dental senescence. The provenience of the specimen highlights the wide geographic distribution of this extinct primate species.


To the Editor.— In a previous PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION ( 205 : 846,1968) from this laboratory, Fariss and Kolb reported that chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (Librium) appeared to have a crystalretarding effect in six patients with cystinuria. These outpatient studies were carried out on spot urine specimens using a qualitative evaluation of crystalluria. In a subsequent double-blind study of 12 cystinuric patients, using quantitative measurements of cystine excretion and also a method to quantitate cystine crystal formation at various concentrations and temperatures, chlordiazepoxide did not affect (1) the appearance and degree of spontaneous crystalluria, (2) the daily excretion of cystine, (3) the solubility of cystine in urine, or (4) the rate of crystallization of cystine from supersaturated urine specimens. These data have been submitted for publication. There appears to be a factor retarding crystal formation in cystinuric patients which is more pronounced in concentrated than in dilute urine. This may account for the intermittent occurrence


With the foundation of the GDKE the state department inherited multiple database collections, which were to be consolidated and prepared for further use in the centralized database application PGIS (Himmelmann, Schuppert et. al., 2013). It manages metadata, geodata and media of all six directions (Department of State Archaeology, Department of State for Monument Conservation, State Museums in Koblenz, Mainz and Trier Rhineland-Palatinate, Administration of Palaces)


Various scientists' approaches regarding long-term and short-term economic cycles are described in the article. The reasons that cause economic cycles have been analysed. Interdependence between economic cycles and technological modes has been revealed. Cycles of society development existence according to the inverted Fibonacci sequence hypothesis has been formed. The use of a new Fibonacci sequence model for future economic processes prognosis has been offered.


A large number of well-maintained datasets are needed for the diagnosis and assessment of the severity of the new disease (COVID-19) using chest radiographs (CXR). To achieve the best results, current methods for quantifying severity require complex methods and large datasets for training. Medical professionals must have access to systems that can quickly and automatically identify COVID-19 patients and predict severity. In this work, we measure the severity of COVID-19 using an efficient neural network consisting of a CNN backbone and a regression head to automatically predict lung infection scores. In addition, we investigate the efficiency of some augmentation methods to increase the potential of the deep model. A comparative study was conducted using several state-of-the-art deep learning methods on the public RALO dataset. The experimental results show that our model has the potential to perform best on severity quantification tasks and demonstrate the impact of lung segmentation on performance.


Grid computing supports a host of research areas, but it still lacks successful case studies concerning industrial problems. This paper shows an application developed to profit from grid computing resources to support the product-mix decision making in a plastic company.


The paper brief ly describes the experience of the Ethiopian Electric Light and Power Authority in treatment of wooden poles used for over-head power transmission. Two types of treatment methods have been tried by the Authority. They are: 1. the COBRA treatment method 2. the FULL CELL treatment method The first treatment method has been discontinued in favour of the FULL CELL treatment for both technical and economical reasons.


Music therapy in palliative care aims to provide psychosocial support, assistance with pain and symptom management and opportunities for life review and legacy work. Although there have been a variety of studies conducted on the effects of music therapy in palliative care facilities, there is a gap in research examining the experience and feasibility of music therapy on acute palliative care units within cancer care settings. This qualitative study explored the lived experience of inter-active listening (IAL), an individualized music therapy in which the therapist plays music or sings while the patient engages through listening, for nine inpatients on a palliative care unit. The study found that a receptive music therapy referred to as IAL was associated, in cancer patients in an acute palliative care unit, with increased emotional and spiritual well-being and a greater sense of connection to self and others. Further research into specific effects of various music therapy intervention styles is warranted.


In the publication field several important events are to be recorded. A new journal has been launched; in January 1942 appeared the first number of the Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. It is a quarterly, and the three numbers at hand show a high standard of work and bookmaking. The editors are to be congratulated on their production and on their courage in starting such a new project in wartime. Another event of importance is the appearance of a book by Penfield and Erickson entitled "Epilepsy and Cerebral Localization." 1 This book contains more good information on fits, what they are and where they come from, than any book ever published. The point of view is that of a neurophysiologist using surgery as the chief tool, but the medical and psychologic aspects of the subject are well discussed. Experimental data in the form of careful case material are freely


In the present study, a thin layer of Cu-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs, copper(II) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) is fabricated using a layer-by-layer technique, and the layer is investigated as a light-absorbing layer in TiO2-based solar cells. Iodine doping of the MOFs is performed to improve the conductivity and charge-transfer reaction across the TiO2/MOF/electrolyte interface. The HOMO and LUMO energy states of the MOF films are estimated to be −5.37 and −3.82 eV (vs vacuum), respectively, which show a well-matched energy cascade with TiO2. For the first time, a TiO2-based solar cell is fabricated successfully using iodine-doped Cu-MOFs as an active layer, demonstrating a cell performance with Jsc = 1.25 mA cm–2 and Eff = 0.26% under illumination of 1 sun radiation. In contrast, the cell with an undoped MOF layer exhibited Jsc = 0.05 mA cm–2 and Eff = 0.008%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the cells suggests that iodine doping significantly reduces the charge-transfer resistance.


Today, Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming part of a diverse organization, from academic to large enterprises. Also, we use IoT in our daily lives like home appliances, security monitoring such as baby, smoke detectors, health product measure exercise, traffic systems, industrial uses, etc. Biometric is an important segment of IoT, because it proves user's identity. Biometric security plays the main role in IoT. This paper presents how biometric system secures the Internet of Things and architecture proposal based on one system that connects biometric system and components of Internet of Things.


Business process management (BPM) is a relative mature discipline with a large number of practitioners. BPM technology is based on directed graphs used to describe control flow. Over the last decade a new way to describe data intensive business processes for knowledge workers have emerged, where the focus is changing from control flow to business data. This emerging process technology is referred in the literature as case handling or case management. The Case management modeling and notation (CMMN) is a new process standard that supports case handling. Complexity metrics have been developed and verified for BPM models based on directed graphs, like the business processes modeling and notation (BPMN). But, CMMN processes are not described by directed graphs. Therefore, complexity metrics developed for BPMN may not be applicable to CMMN. This research plans to fill the gap in the literature by exploring and proposing complexity metrics for CMMN. This will have practical implications for commercial products implementing CMMN.


Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are derived from bone
marrow, and are capable of proliferating and differentiating along
multiple pathways such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes.
MSCs offer the means for regenerative therapies not possible with
conventional small molecule/antibody/ nucleic acid therapeutics.
However, all MSCs are not equivalent. Adult MSCs (aMSCs) derived
from infant or adult sources are heterogeneous, exhibit poor
overall integration in host tissues, and their differentiation and
proliferation capacities are limited by ex vivo culture. On the
other hand, fetal MSCs (fMSCs) derived from fetuses are more
homogeneous, plastic and grow faster than aMSCs. However, they face
serious ethical and practical issues that limit their applications.
For these reasons, we hypothesized that aMSC populations contain a
subpopulation with similar biophysical and biological properties to
fMSCs. To verify this thesis, we studied aMSC size distribution,
aMSC migration velocity and aMSC mechanical properties. We explain
later in this work why we chose these characteristics. We were then
able to find a subpopulation of aMSCs with similar size
distribution to fMSCs. We were not able to find a subpopulation of
aMSCs with similar migration velocity to fMSCs. At last, we were
able to prove the existence of a subpopulation of aMSCs with
similar mechanical properties to fMSCs.


When interpreting lymph node biopsies it is sometimes necessary to distinguish the different compartments of the lymph node. In normal lymph nodes the task may be easily accomplished, but it can be difficult for effaced lymph nodes. We compared the usefulness of routinely used endothelial markers for distinguishing sinuses from vascular channels in the lymph node.

Eighteen lymph nodes—seven normal lymph nodes from a patient with colonic cancer (patient 1), eight from a patient affected by diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the stomach (patient 2), and three from a patient with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) (patient 3)—were selected from the archives of the department of pathology, Kariya General Hospital, Japan. The tissues were fixed in 10% …


VANETs is embryonic equipment with encouraging future including great challenges. As of late vehicular correspondences frameworks entranced much consideration, fuelled to a great extent by the rising enthusiasm for Intelligent Transportation System. (ITS) It focuses at the basic issues like Safety of public and congestion of traffic by assimilating data and communication technologies into infrastructure of transportation and vehicles. It also includes the challenges along with the characteristics faced at the VANETs. Standard used in VANETs is also conversed in the paper. This paper discusses about the various layers in OSI model and the challenges occurred at layers and also present the possible outcomes to overcome those challenges.


This study was evaluated the antioxidative and radioprotective activity of aqueous extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther (G. paraguayense). The total phenolic and total flavonoid content of aqueous extracts of G paraguayense (GW) were 215.20±0.65 GAE mg/g and 424.29±2.53 RE mg/g, respectively. The half inhibition concentration (IC_(50)) of DPPH radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelating, ABTS^+ radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and superoxide radical scavenging of GW were 142.6±0.9, 226.0±15.6, 116.6±0.3, 49.8±0.2 and 39.8±1.0 μg/mL, respectively. The GW increased the survival of normal liver cells (Clone 9) in a dose-dependent manner, the dose reduction factor (DRF) were 1.41, 1.51, and 1.60, at the concentration of GW was 200, 400, 800 μg/mL, respectively. By contrast, GW reduced the survival of liver carcinoma cells (HepG2) in a dose-dependent manner, the sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) were 1.10, 1.23, and 1.37, at the concentration of GW was 200, 400, 800 μg/mL, respectively. The results show the GW had strong antioxidative activity, radioprotective ability for normal liver cells and sensitizing effect for liver cancer cell, it might be offer a great help for liver cancer radiotherapy.


Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of using a commercially available IMRToptimization and plan evaluation tool based on radio‐biological models. Methods: A retrospective dose optimization study was performed for 5 lung cases treated using IMRT to evaluate the biological modules available in Pinnacle system. A hybrid objective function consisting of physical dose constraints, for PTVs, and EUD constraints, for organs at risk, was used for optimization. The OAR's were: spinal cord, esophagus, cardiac ventricle, and both lungs. The "a" value, used in EUD definition, was a variable to allow the optimizer to match the physical dose optimization solution. A biological optimized plan, (BOP) was deemed acceptable if matches or exceeds the quality of a physical dose optimized plan (PDOP). TCP, NTCP, or P+ values were not included in the optimization however; they were used during plan evaluation. The TCP and P+ are based on Poisson model with linear quadratic cell survival for each individual voxel. NTCP module is based on LKB model. For model parameters we choose a combination of published data and our clinical standards. Results: For serial structures the Max EUD constraint was able to bring the dose to levels obtained during physical dose optimization, however it was unable to easily control the magnitude of maximum dose. Values for parameter "a" are 15–20 for serial structures and a=1.0 for parallel structures. Global values for TCP, NTCP, P+ were 56.8% versus 53.4%, 7.4% versus 6.4%, and 49.4% versus 46.9% for BOP and PDOP, respectively. Conclusions: We have performed a retrospective treatment planning study to investigate the feasibility of using biological models for optimization purposes. Although, results between PDOP and BOP plans are comparable it remains to be seen if the clinicians will be willing to accept these concepts in clinical practice without the existence of clinical trials.


This dissertation explores in large part the development of a few types of spectroscopic methods in the analysis of water. Methods for the determination of some of the most important properties of water like pH, metal ion content, and chemical oxygen demand are investigated in detail. This report contains a general introduction to the subject and the conclusions. Four chapters and an appendix have been processed separately. They are: chromogenic and fluorogenic crown ether compounds for the selective extraction and determination of Hg(II); selective determination of cadmium in water using a chromogenic crown ether in a mixed micellar solution; reduction of chloride interference in chemical oxygen demand determination without using mercury salts; structural orientation patterns for a series of anthraquinone sulfonates adsorbed at an aminophenol thiolate monolayer chemisorbed at gold; and the role of chemically modified surfaces in the construction of miniaturized analytical instrumentation.


This is the first account of the scale insects and whiteflies (Hemiptera: Coccoidea and Aleyrodoidea) of Bedfordshire, based primarily on samples collected by the author and records obtained from the Royal Horticultural Society. Collection details for 34 species of scale insect (27 native and naturalised species, seven introduced species established on indoor plantings) and eight species of whitefly (six native and naturalized, two introduced species established on indoor plantings) are provided.


For a commutative ring R with unity, the associate ring graph, denoted by AG(R), is a simple graph with vertices as nonzero elements of R and two distinct vertices are adjacent if they are associates. The graph AG(R) contains components equal in number to the number of distinct orbits, except for the orbit of an element 0. Moreover, each component is a complete graph. An important finding is that this is a class of strongly perfect graphs. In this article we describe the structure of the associate ring graph of the ring of integers modulo n, denoted by AG(Zn). We carried out computer experiments and provide a program for the same. We further characterize cases in which AG(Zn), its complement AG(Zn)¯, and their line graphs are planar, ring graphs, and outerplanar. We also discuss the properties of the associate ring graph of a commutative ring R with unity.


The article actualizes the problem of overcoming learning difficulties in visually impaired conditions. Considering artistic activity as an integrative part of teaching – learning process, it seeks opportunities for the development of cognition of their body and active interaction with the environment. For the development of the cognitive activity of blind and low vision children by using the plastic expression is based on D. A. Kolb's learning from the own experience model. For the research was conducted following steps: particular experience is acquired, this experience is cogitated and activated by verbal and kinaesthetic forms (it is described and expressed with the help of the move of the body), the experience is expressed with a new form: a clay work, the process of claying is reflected. The research was carried out in Educational centre for Partially Sighted Children. Respondents were six 7-11 years old born blind or low vision children the attention was concentrated not on the age but on the level of expression to which the work of the child was classed. Visually impaired children by versatile experience reflected on their own body cognition and these various experience process merged into one-unit kinaesthetic expression and reflection.


A Study of Persistence in the Walters State Community College Associate-Degree Nursing Program by Jeffrey T. Horner The WSCC ADN program had 66.57% persistence rate between the years 2000-2004. This retrospective study analyzed 28 demographic, pre-clinical, and clinical variables to identify correlates for persistence within the WSCC ADN program. The population size was 730 firsttime candidates or the entire population of five consecutive clinical classes graduating between the years of 2000-2004. The candidates were identified and the variables tabulated using the WSCC student information system. SPSS 13.0 software was employed to conduct descriptive, frequency, multiple regression, multivariate analysis of variance, and univariate analysis of variance tests. The criterion variables included persistence within the entire population, genderspecific persistence factors, and age-specific factors within the traditional and non-traditional populations that persisted. Descriptive and frequency analysis found that most candidates were female (90.82%), Caucasian (96.44%), and classified as non-traditional (63.97%). Females and particularly non-traditional females maintained the highest persistence rates. The mean pre-clinical and clinical admittance ages were 25.04 and 28.39 years. Seventy percent of the candidates lived within the WSCC service area. The mean distance commuted was 37.71 miles.


Dr Sue Emmy Jennings gives useful examples of activities that can be undertaken with older adults, covering movement, painting and modelling, games and drama.


4 history of interrelation 15 typology 27 program 39 ritual 49 representation 57 site_flushing 63 site_the mall at the source 77 precedent 109 TABLE OF CONTENTS:


Sometimes college students make bad decisions. And sometimes the consequences of those decisions are both awful and unforeseeable. Take the case of Heather Kertesz, a student at Lynn University in Florida. One night, she made the not-unusual decision to go to a party. Unfortunately for Ms. Kertesz, this party was hosted by people who were in the business of filming pornography. Although Ms. Kertesz did not know this, the hosts took pictures and made videos of the party for a pornographic website. They took Ms. Kertesz's picture without her permission, and when they asked her to sign a waiver and release, she said no. Unsurprisingly, she was then asked to leave the party.


The invention provides a method and a system for transmitting the school textbook content and reading for the individual, which transmits the textbook content through the network and/or the electronic storage medium, uses the project e-book with low cost as the reading carrier and tools for the school textbook, and sets up the unique textbook download granting code and the read-only storage area to effectively transmit the textbook and maintain the authority and the integrality of the textbook, thereby providing a new technical medium for the policy and the measurement of providing the textbook for free in the compulsory education stage, which not only saves the book depletion expenses, but also realizes the periodic duty of the project e-book, with low cost and environmental protection, meanwhile avoids the book disinfection, the defect of the distribution of the new and the old books.


ABSTRACT This manuscript will provide an overview of the content and process of this author's International Association for Social Work with Groups (IASWG)-endorsed SPARC project, a DSW dissertation and curriculum development integrating social work with groups with sociometry, psychodrama, and experiential trauma therapy. The narrative will be presented through the framework of Moreno's Canon of Creativity with reflection on the parallel processes between the personal experience of the author, the development of the SPARC project, and the larger social work with groups landscape. This manuscript will depict the author's personal warming-up process and the prospect of the social work field integrating sociometry and psychodrama into its professional repertoire. This project advocates for the implementation of sociometry and psychodrama processes to enliven social group work practice and social work education through action-based groups and experiential teaching methods. Examples of experiential sociometry, psychodrama, and sociodrama are provided from the author's dissertation proposal presentation, dissertation defense, and facilitation of teaching sessions for incoming DSW students at the University of Pennsylvania.


By analyzing resonant tunneling transistors (RTTs) synthesized with different device structures and treating RTTs with different device structures as inverter circuits,a unified inverter model for RTTs is established.In this model,the I-V characteristics of an RTT can be derived and analyzed with the same method used to analyze an inverter.The various I-V characteristics of RTTs with different device structures can then be explained with a unified inverter theory.The results derived by this model are in agreement with those of corresponding circuit simulations and experiments.This unified inverter model of RTTs is a powerful tool for the design and analysis of RTTs.


The analysis of structural and energy features of proteins can be a key to understand how proteins work and interact to each other in cellular re¬actions. The distributions of energy over each atom in protein structures can be very supportive for the studies of the complex processes proteins are involved in. The Energy Distribution Data Bank (EDB, http://edb.aei.polsl.pl) stores a variety of energy distributions for protein molecular structures retrieved from the well-known Protein Data Bank. In the paper, we describe the purpose of the EDB, a possible use of the information stored in it, query possibilities, and plans for future development.


Preface ix Acknowledgments xix Part I 1 Chapter 1. Introduction: The Veil 3 Chapter 2. How I Acquired Charisma 7 Chapter alpha. How to Explain Number Theory at a Dinner Party 41 (First Session: Primes) 43 Chapter 3. Not Merely Good, True, and Beautiful 54 Chapter 4. Megaloprepeia 80 Chapter ss. How to Explain Number Theory at a Dinner Party 109 (Second Session: Equations) 109 Bonus Chapter 5. An Automorphic Reading of Thomas Pynchon's Against the Day (Interrupted by Elliptical Reflections on Mason & Dixon) 128 Part II 139 Chapter 6. Further Investigations of the Mind-Body Problem 141 Chapter ss.5. How to Explain Number Theory at a Dinner Party 175 (Impromptu Minisession: Transcendental Numbers) 175 Chapter 7. The Habit of Clinging to an Ultimate Ground 181 Chapter 8. The Science of Tricks 222 Part III 257 Chapter gamma. How to Explain Number Theory at a Dinner Party 259 (Third Session: Congruences) 259 Chapter 9. A Mathematical Dream and Its Interpretation 265 Chapter 10. No Apologies 279 Chapter delta. How to Explain Number Theory at a Dinner Party 311 (Fourth Session: Order and Randomness) 311 Afterword: The Veil of Maya 321 Notes 327 Bibliography 397 Index of Mathematicians 423 Subject Index 427


Objectives: This paper describes an intelligent garbage monitoring system. Garbage management is an essential and mandatory process due to increase in human population and the amount of waste being accumulated. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Garbage accumulation leads to unhealthy environment and enables spreading of infections and diseases. The present invention provides a monitoring system and further includes a system to control the littering of the garbage in the vicinity of the bin aiming for a healthy and safe environment. An intelligent garbage monitoring system will be installed in all the localities and allows the monitoring party, the municipal corporation to view and take action according to the status of the garbage bin in that locality. Findings: The intelligent garbage monitoring system further has a control feature that prevents the users from spreading the waste around the vicinity of the garbage bin. The system aims for a cleaner environment and promotes a healthy life, by reducing the number of diseases that spreads due to improper waste management. Application/Improvements: The smarter garbage monitoring system enables a cleaner, healthier safer and disease free environment.


Abstract In situations of language endangerment, the ability to understand a language tends to persevere longer than the ability to speak it. As a result, the possibility of language revival remains high even when few speakers remain. Nonetheless, this potential requires that those with high levels of comprehension received sufficient input as children for the activation of speech to occur in later life. In many areas of Australia, input to children of traditional Aboriginal languages is rarely monolingual, but rather often mixed with a contact variety of English. Thus, it is not clear whether children receive enough input to later become active speakers of the traditional languages. This paper reports on a study which tested the relationship between language comprehension and child language input. A vocabulary test of 40 items was administered to 52 Gurindji participants in five age groups. Participants were asked to listen to a Gurindji word and choose a corresponding picture. The test items were graded as high, medium or low frequency on the basis of their use in a corpus of Gurindji child-input speech. We found that age and frequency of use in child-directed speech significantly altered the chance of a correct response.


The current investigation attempted to replicate and extend Nelson and Weschler's (2003) research that indicated that college student sport fans were more likely to report problematic alcohol usage and more negative alcohol-related experiences in comparison to nonfans. In addition to utilizing the original study's operational definition of fan (spectator-based), 323 college students were categorized according to more traditional measures of fandom, specifically levels of fan and team identification. Contrary to the previous research, the results indicated that fans' and nonfans' alcohol usage and experiences of negative alcohol-related events were not significantly different. Additionally, both forms of identification (fan and team) failed to predict problematic alcohol usage and negative alcohol-related experiences. Although the results were unaffected by the operational definitions of fan, distinguishing certain subgroups of fans may be important in regards to clarifying and advancing our understanding of the potential relationship between sport and alcohol usage. These distinctions could guide efforts to reduce problematic alcohol usage.


The relation between the R‐matrix approach to the construction of bi‐Hamiltonian structures and the reduction of Poisson manifolds is discussed. The crucial role of the reduction process is emphasized by showing, on the basis of specific examples, that the knowledge of a R matrix may not be sufficient. The reduction of the Poisson structures related with R from the entire algebra to the Lax submanifold may become an obstruction in constructing the bi‐Hamiltonian structures of a specific hierarchy of integrable equations.


The article provides a summary statistics on the size of residential settings for individuals with mental retardation/developmental disabilities in the U.S. on June 30, 1992.


.................................................................................................................... ii Dedication ................................................................................................................. v Vita .......................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables............................................................................................................ xi List of Figures ......................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1: Introduction..........................................................................1 1.1 Skin Anatomy ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma .................................................................. 2 1.3 Genetics of cSCC ................................................................................................. 4 1.3.1 Hereditary Syndromes....................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Somatic Genetics of cSCC ................................................................................ 5 1.3.3 Sporadic Genetics ............................................................................................. 6 1.4 microRNAs and Cancer ....................................................................................... 8 1.5 Approaches to Genetic Discovery ...................................................................... 10 1.6 Importance of Genetic Discovery ....................................................................... 11 1.7 Summary ........................................................................................................... 12


Zhongsi 237 as a winter Triticale variety for forage shows an better compatibility in experiments of many places and trial prodution in Shihezi.It suites to the first season crop in forage production of two crops per annual.Its height is about 150~170 cm,and usually 4 200~4 800 kg/hm~2 fresh forage can be gained in middle and above middle soil condition.


Recent probing of H2O-D2O mixtures by various means (neutron deep inelastic scattering, Raman absorption, electrical H + /D + conductivity) revealed an unexpected dependence of the relevant physical quantities on the isotopic composition of the mixture. We show that these observations can find their physical rationale in the context of an approach to the physics of liquid water which takes into account the non-negligible interaction of the molecules with the electromagnetic field, from which a two-fluid microscopical picture of water naturally emerges.


Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between children's age and the incidence of unintentional injuries, and giving some basic data on the guidance for the prevention of unintentional injuries in children aged 0 to 18 years in China.Methods: The literatures on the incidence of unintentional injury in children included in China from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed by meta-analysis method. The data were retrieved according to the guidance of Cochrane Systematic review. A meta-analysis was carried out on homogeneous studies, and then subgroup analysis was conducted according to age group. Publication bias was also evaluated. Stata software (version 15.0) and SPSS software (version 18.0) were used to analyze the gathered information. Results: A total of 3,303 related pieces of literature were reviewed. Of the 37 that met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed that total sample sizes were 77,023, and the pooled incidence of unintentional injury is 20%, 95%CI (17%-23%), (P< 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed the following results: the incidence are 15%, 23%, 20% and 20% for aged in "0-2", "3-5", "6-11", "12-18" subgroups, respectively. However, the trend of decreased incidence of unintentional injury with older age in children was not significant.Conclusions: The pooled incidence of unintentional injuries in children is high. Based on accessible literature, the incidence between different age subgroup were not statistically significant. We should pay attention to the incidence of unintentional injuries in children of all age subgroups.


Treatment of acyclic as well as cyclic β-amino alcohols with carbon disulfide under basic conditions gives thiazolidine thiones, which are further treated with in situ generated benzyne.


The research aims at identifying the role of organizational trimming strategies (human resource reduction, redesign of work, regulation) in enhancing organizational effectiveness according to dimensions (adaptability, achievement of goals, morale). The researcher used the methodology of the case study using the questionnaire and the actual data. The sample of the study was (70) individuals, including directors of departments and divisions, and the researcher used the program (SPSS.v.23) in the processing and analysis of data. In the light of the conclusions, the most important of which was the relationship of correlation and influence between the strategies of organizational regulation and organizational effectiveness, a number of recommendations and proposals were formulated, the most important of which is the dissemination and consolidation of organizational strategies to reach the target regulatory effectiveness.


In complex electromagnetic (EM) environment, EM fleld distribution inside a metallic enclosure is determined by the external EM radiation and emissions from internal contents. In the design of an electronic system, we usually need to estimate the EM fleld level in a concerned region inside the enclosure under various EM environments. In this paper, we use artiflcial neural network (ANN), rather than full wave analysis, combined with the numbered measurements to predict the EM fleld in the concerned region inside a metallic enclosure. To verify this method, a rectangular metallic enclosure with a printed circuit board (PCB) is illuminated by external incident wave. The measured electric flelds inside the enclosure combined with ANN model based on back propagation (BP) training algorithm are used to estimate the values of electric fleld. The calculation is fast and predictions reveal good agreement with the measurements that validate this method.


In work there is offered the testing method of a pulp grading on the basis of superficial ultrasonic Lemb waves and body ultrasonic waves with the account of floccule formation at magnetic field action.


A method for channel estimation of a radio channel comprising means of pilot signals and useful signals received signal, wherein a signal-to-noise ratio is determined with the received pilot signals, characterized in that a plurality of channel length hypotheses are defined with different channel lengths L that from the received signal for each channel length hypothesis an associated channel energy E is calculated that the signal-to-noise ratio for each channel length hypothesis a perturbation is calculated, and that depending on the interference energy and the channel energy E that channel length hypothesis is selected for the reception of the useful signal, which has a smallest possible channel estimation errors.


The pericope, 'submission to the political authorities,' found within the exhortative section of Romans (12:1–15:13) has contributed number of studies to support and deny its authenticity within the letter. Those, who argue against the pericope, present various literary and thematical problems within the text. They say that it is impossible for Paul to ask for submission to the authorities, because the authorities are not always acting for good and justice, but often are considered as oppressive. It is also argued that the pericope within two agape pericopes (12:9-21 and 13:8-10) interrupts the flow of the love theme. Similarly, some of its terminologies rarely occur in the Pauline writings. Thus, they accuse it as a "content buy-in" from Graeco-Roman political ideology, "an interpolation," "material


I study active learning in general pool-based active learning models as well noisy active learning algorithms and then compare them for the class of linear separators under the uniform distribution.


The comparison of fatty acid content in Camellia oleifera (L.) Kuntze oil and olive oil was done by GC. C. oleifera oil contained more C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, C20:1 and C22:1n9 than olive oil. Olive oil did not contain C21:0 and C24:1 but more C8:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C20:2, C22:0, C23:0 and C24:0 than C. oleifera oil, C. oleifera oil did not contain C20:2. C. oleifera oil and olive oil are beneficial for human health for their unsaturated fatty acids content and C. oleifera oil is healthy than olive oil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22741 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44 (1): 155-157, 2015 (March)


The Chinese government should be commended for its open, concerted, and rapid response to the recent H7N9 influenza outbreak. However, the first known case was not reported until 48 days after disease onset.1 Although the difficulties in detecting the virus and the lack of suitable diagnostic methods have been the focus of discussion,2 systematic limitations that may have contributed to this delay have hardly been discussed. The detection speed of surveillance systems is limited by the highly structured nature of information flow and hierarchical organisation of these systems. Flu surveillance usually relies on notification to a central authority of laboratory confirmed cases or presentations to sentinel practices for flu-like illness. Each step in this pathway presents a bottleneck at which information and time can be lost; this limitation must be dealt with...


This commercial field test was conducted in cooperation with Marty Greenleaf of Green Acre Farms near Kirkwood, PA in southeastern Lancaster County. A 4-acre field, which was corn in 1984, was no-till planted on 30-inch centers with 'Todd M75' field corn on 26 Apr '85 with Counter 15G soil insecticide at 8 lb/acre When corn was at the 7 to 9-leaf stage (38-inch extended leaf height), scouting for first generation ECB "shot-hole" feeding damage (20 consecutive plants in each of 5 randomly selected areas of the field) indicated that 41% of the plants were infested. Larvae were first and second instar with an average 2.0 larvae/plant. In addition fresh egg masses were found on several plants. On 6 Jun '85 Lorsban 15G at 6.5 lb/acre (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) was applied using a small-plot Gandy air-spred granular applicator (compliments of Gandy Corp) pulled behind a tractor. Granules were applied directly over the whorls with 3 rows treated the length of the field and 3 adjacent rows treated in the return trip across the field. This exact procedure was replicated 3 times in the field (totalling about 0.7-0.8 treated acres). Treated strips were separated by 6-row non-treated strips. On 10-11 Jul '85 the treatments were evaluated by dissecting 10 plants (5 consecutive plants from each of 2 rows) from 3 random sample sites within each treated strip and 3 non-treated strips, and counting the no. of live corn borer larvae and empty tunnels caused by borer feeding. A yield evaluation was made on 25 Sep '85 by commercially harvesting, with the farmer's 6-row combine, the entire length of each treated strip and each adjacent non-treated "check" strip. Grain from each strip was weighed separately (using a weigh wagon furnished by Dow Chemical), and % moisture was determined with a moisture tester.


The aim of the study was to develop a simulation program in spreadsheets using Excel® to estimate the economic thresholds of acaricides used in the Rhipicephalus microplus tick control. The economic threshold is the population density of the parasite with which the decision is made to initiate a control action that prevents a loss greater than the cost of the intervention.  Parameters used by the program are: number, price and weight of cattle, number of people applying the treatment and their income, number of applications per year and the supplies of each product. A total of 10,000 simulations were carried out with five different families of acaricides to obtain economic thresholds using losses of 1.37 and 1.18 kg per tick for two genetic types of cattle and i = 1,2,3 ..., 500 ticks, resistance (30 %) and without resistance. The thresholds obtained by the program, with 100 % and 70 % effectiveness of the acaricides were 46 and 158 ticks respectively, the average difference of live weight loss between B. taurus and its cross with zebu was 1.33 g. When the effectiveness of the product decreases, and acaricide is applied to a population of ticks before reaching the economic threshold, there are monetary losses, so it is desirable to know the resistance of R. microplus and the economic threshold in each farm.


The quality and availability of a data collection system are essential for a high-quality planning and operations phases of Public transit (PT) systems. Passengers' demand (both spatial and temporal) is a key component in those phases. Unfortunately, acquiring passenger demand is a complex and time-consuming process. Various information technologies are used by PT operators to assist in the planning and operations phases. The main systems being used are Automatic Vehicle Location systems, Automatic Passenger counting systems, and Automatic Fare Collection systems. Those systems are not capable of completely tracking passengers' movements throughout the system. Hence accurate demand estimation is not possible. Global Navigation Satellite System technology can overcome the disadvantages of those systems. The main drawbacks of such an approach are the high-energy consumption and lack of indoor use. A novel approach for tracking passengers is introduced, which has the advantages of being both energy-efficient and accurate (indoor and outdoor). Such an approach can provide the necessary means to overcome the above-mentioned issues with current technologies. In this paper, the authors successfully demonstrate the capabilities of Bluetooth Low Energy for tracking passengers outdoor and indoor. Combined with the proposed algorithms, it is possible to accurately track passengers and model and estimate demand.


Three new glycosides named anguiviosides A-C were isolated from the fruits of Solanum anguivi and characterized as follows:3-O-beta-chacotrioside (1), 3-O-[4-O-maloyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyra nosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-+ ++glucopyranoide (3), of (25R,26R)-spirost-5-en-3beta,26-diol.


This analysis focuses on the processes of cultural creation and adaptation on the local level that are induced by the adoption of supra-local or translocal law systems. It explores how principles of the islamic law are incorporated as conceptions of person, justice, social order among the adepts of Sufism in Aleppo, Syria. The analysis takes into account the forms of mediation, transaction and disciplinary practices as well as the authorities and/or specialists who control them which allow the incorporation of elements of the islamic law as organizing principles of the self of the Sufis and their constructions of the public order. The ethnographic data used here were collected during my fieldwork research among the Sufi communities of Aleppo, in Syria, from 1999 to 2001 and, again, in May/June 2002.


In this article, the authors propose a deep learning framework for malware classification. There has been a huge increase in the volume of malware in recent years which poses serious security threats to financial institutions, businesses, and individuals. In order to combat the proliferation of malware, new strategies are essential to quickly identify and classify malware samples. Nowadays, machine learning approaches are becoming popular for malware classification. However, most of these approaches are based on shallow learning algorithms (e.g. SVM). Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a deep learning approach, have shown superior performance compared to traditional learning algorithms, especially in tasks such as image classification. Inspired by this, the authors propose a CNN-based architecture to classify malware samples. They convert malware binaries to grayscale images and subsequently train a CNN for classification. Experiments on two challenging malware classification datasets, namely Malimg and Microsoft, demonstrate that their method outperforms competing state-of-the-art algorithms.


Regardless of current historic preservation recognition and regulatory methods, the establishment of nationally designated heritage areas is a major step forward in the understanding, recognition, appreciation, and protection of the United States' heritage through partnerships. This thesis describes the heritage area movement as a grassroots based, nationally administered effort demonstrative of the new partnership-based paradigm of modern day preservation. Heritage areas are an indication of the melding of the preservation and conservation fields and imitative of some international efforts. They are a natural outgrowth of the National Park Service's dual role in historic preservation and natural resource conservation. As a recognition methodology and organizational structure, they have served as a catalyst for sustainable economic development. In short, they are part of the future of holistic community planning.


Tumour specimens from one patient with osteosarcoma and one with malignant fibrous histiocytoma were transplanted in serial passages in nude mice. Structure, growth and cell kinetics of the xenografts were studied in order to assess the validity of the two tumour models. Cell proliferation was analysed using in vivo labelling with the thymidine analogue iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) and the IdUrd labelling index (LI) was determined by immunohistochemistry. The DNA index (DI) was examined by flow cytometry. The c‐myc oncoprotein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. More intense proliferation was observed in the peripheral parts of the tumours. There was no correlation between tumour growth and cell proliferation in the two tumour groups. Stability of the tumour models was indicated by low intrapassage and interpassage variations of DI, LI, and volume doubling time, and also by retained histopathological characteristics and c‐myc staining patterns of donor patients' tumours during serial transplantation.


Abstract A novel CeVO4/graphitic carbon nitride (CeVO4/g-C3N4) photocatalyst was prepared via a facile mixing and calcination method. The photocatalytic performance of the CeVO4/g-C3N4 samples was evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The results show that all photocatalysts compared to pure CeVO4 and g-C3N4 exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity. The sample prepared using 0·1 g CeVO4 and 2 g dicyandiamide shows the optimal removal rate constant of 0·022 min−1, which is two times and 18 times larger than that of g-C3N4 and CeVO4, respectively. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the strong absorption in the visible region along with the formation of a heterojunction between CeVO4 and g-C3N4, which could efficiently suppress the recombination of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. A possible enhanced photocatalytic mechanism of CeVO4/g-C3N4 is proposed. Finally, the photocatalyst shows good stability and reusability after four consecutive catalytic runs.


DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2017/10-4/3 ABSTRACT. Prolonging professional activity constitutes one of the possible solutions for alleviating negative consequences of demographic changes/population ageing. Devising effective tools motivating employees to remain professionally active must take into account preferences associated with retirement age. The following constitute the objectives of the present paper: 1) identification of preferences in the retirement age for various age groups; 2) indication of potential consequences behind particular preferences; 3) formulation of guidelines for human resources management in organizations. In order to achieve these objectives, the results of the study encompassing 2076 respondents, specialists employed in various departments of Polish innovative companies, were analysed. On average, for each evaluated age group, the preferred retirement age was much lower than the statutory retirement age in Poland (65 years ). In case of women in 45+ age groups, the average retirement age was observed to be higher than 60 years (the new statutory threshold).


Several all-embracing password leakages apparent users to accessory amount consummate accident of adumbration and corruption of their info. the blemish of password-based affidavit mechanisms is axis into a cogent affair for the accomplished advice society. aural the projected SYSTEM, beset 3 above modules: (1) Mouse-Behavior Capture, (2) Affection Construction and (3) apprenticeship/Classification. The primary bore serves to anatomy a mouse-operation task and to abduction and adapt mouse-behavior knowledge. The additional bore is active to abstract holistic and procedural options to characterize abrasion behavior and to map the raw options into distance-based options by corruption abundant ambit metrics. The third module, aural the apprenticeship part, applies neural arrangement on the distance-based affection vectors to account the absolute affection elements, again builds the user's contour employing a one-class classifier. aural the allocation part, it determines the user's character corruption the accomplished classifier aural the distance-based affection corruption NN. Aural the MODIFICATION method, a four Chiffre OTP is generated to the user's email ID. The user are giving the '2' chiffre OTP and aswell the server are giving antithesis '2' chiffre OTP. Users '2' chiffre OTP is absolute by the server and contrariwise.


Individuals want to make informed choices about mobility transitions to retain dignity and independence as they age. The Transport Accident Commission initiated the development, trial, and evaluation of a health promotion education program to meet this need. A participative model was applied and program instruction goals focused on community and driver safety, how health and aging influence transportation independence, mobility options, and resources. Data collected from 94 individuals yielded positive outcomes: the target group was reached (90% were 60 years or older), community mobility information was retained, and participants were satisfied with program content and resources.


Thermal behavior of various solid feldspars are different, namely those of bivalent cations show no change in the distribution of Al and Si atoms, whereas feldspars of univalent cations become more disordered with raising temperature. In the latter case Al atoms migrate from the sites they occupe at low temperatures and interchange positions with the Si atoms. At high temperatures (but still below the melting point) the mixture of the two feldspars forms a solid solution, while at low temperatures two almost pure phases separate out from each other. The behavior of pure feldspar (like albite) have been theoretically studied by various methods, while solid solutions of feldspars of univalent cations have not been studied (due to their complexity). In this paper statistical mechanical methods are used to study sodium and potassium feldspar solutions.


Virtual Instrument Technology represents the future direction of development of the instrument. At present, it is very popular that Virtual instrument is applied to test technology experiment in developed countries. The virtual integrated experimental platform of testing technology was designed based on the LabVIEW software, including signal generator, signal superimposed meter, digital filters, signal spectrum analyzer, noise signal detection and analysis system. The comprehensive experimental platform can replace the traditional equipment and can easily extend its functionality. It can provide students with a virtual integrated experimental platform.


. There are three ways in which bridges may be built between science and theology: spirituality, methodology, and content. Spirituality is the power which drives each to address reality and the expectations with which each approaches the pursuit of truth. The methodology of science is summarized in terms of three activities: taxonomy; the hypothetico-deductive cycle; derivative technology. The content of science, especially with respect to the phenomena of givenness, connectedness and openness in the life sciences, is correlated with theological constructs. Attention is drawn to the role of the double helix in biology and a possible parallel is proposed to the function of the icon in religion and theology.


In this article we argue in favour of Natural Deduction Systems as a basis for formal proof explanations. We illustrate our choice presenting a Natural Deduction for ALCQI and use it to help explain UML reasoning.


Shale displays obvious anisotropy due to the orientation of the rock mineral particles during the deposition process and its layered structure of weak surfaces. Potassium chloride can inhibit the h...


Submitted for the DFD09 Meeting of The American Physical Society The Mechanism of Heat Transfer Augmentation in Stagnation Flow Subject to Freestream Turbulence DAVID HUBBLE, Virginia Tech, TOM DILLER, PAVLOS VLACHOS — A physical model is presented which predicts the time-resolved heat transfer coefficient based on the properties of the coherent structures present. Water tunnel experiments have been performed to investigate the mechanism of heat transfer augmentation in stagnation flow subject to freestream turbulence. The experiment combined Time-Resolved Digital Particle Image Velocimetry with an array of simultaneous time-resolved heat transfer measurements. Passive grids produced freestream turbulence with an intensity of 5% at length scales of 1cm, 2cm, and 3cm. The measurements reveal flow fields dominated by coherent structures whose number and strength strongly correlate with the length scale of the freestream turbulence. By examining the transient circulation and location of the identified structures, we observe that stretching and vorticity amplification significantly affects the near-wall flow. The transient heat transfer correlates well with the flow field induced by these structures. The time-resolved model developed represents a great advance over previous time-average predictors. David Hubble Virginia Tech Date submitted: 07 Aug 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


. This work is devoted to study some Ostrowski type inequalities for generalized Hukukara differentiable interval valued functions. Mean valued theorem for gH-differentiable interval valued functions is also derived. Established results generalize some pioneer results in the existing state-of-art. Moreover, error estimations to quadrature rule of Riemann type, Simpson type and Trapezoidal type are obtained for interval valued functions by the application of one of the derived inequality. In addition an illustrative example is also furnished which demonstrates the viability of the hypothesis of one of our results.


Some crane beam for 700t cranes was detected having installation error of rail eccentricity exceeding code limit. Finite element models were established to analyze the influence of rail eccentricity on performance and capacity of the crane beams,considering two types of initial imperfectness,i.e. mid-span verticality and lateral flexural rise. Analytical results show that: with eccentricity no more than the thickness of beam web plate,behavior of the crane beams,including deformation,stress,stability,ultimate capacity and fatigue allowable stress,could satisfy code requirements; mid-span verticality is a more unfavorable initial imperfectness for the crane beams; longitudinal stiffeners and local stiffeners could largely reduce tensile stresses of the upper region of the crane beams and hence avoid its fatigue failure; rail eccentricity has little influence on buckling modes of crane beams.


Objective:To get the message ofthe cardiac dysfunction arises from the cerebral hemorrhage in CH patients by investigate the relationship among the Electrocardiographic abnormalities、the hemorrhagic location、the cerebral lesion degree and the outcome.Methods:Analysis the ECG of the 304 acute hemorrhagic stroke patients who made the final diagnosis by CT,without the history of heart disease.Results:There are evident change of the ECG in acute hemorrhagic stroke patients,the total incidence rate reach up to 67.1%(204/304),and these change keep close tothe cerebral lesion location that different fromthe relation between themand the cerebral lesion degree and link with the prognosis with the cerebral lesion degree,P0.05.Conclusion:The acute cerebral hemorrhage may lead to the ECG abnormalities,and these change keep close to the hemorrhagic location and link with the prognosis together with the cerebral lesion degree;however,the relationship between them and the cerebral lesion degree is not so close.


In 2022, the majority of countries experienced a significant increase in inflation, and it is predicted that the phenomenon of high inflation rates will continue to hit the world in 2023. A high inflation rate encourages a country to raise its interest rate, which on the other hand has a risk of limiting economic growth and increasing the possibility of a country's recession. With so many uncertainties in macroeconomics in the future, this could result in excessive public concern. So, a time series model that can predict fluctuations in Indonesia's inflation rate is very needed. Therefore, this study proposes forecasting Indonesia's inflation using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) method by involving an interest rate dataset based on a strong Granger relationship from interest rates to inflation. The VAR model is used because the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) value obtained is the smallest among other Vector Autoregression Moving Average (VARMA) models, indicating it to be the most optimal model in terms of both goodness of fit and model complexity. The prediction results will be evaluated using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). According to research, the proposed predictions from the VAR model show that the VAR(5) method can be said to be the optimal method to predict Indonesia's inflation rate, with a MAPE value of 10.2%.


In the publish/subscribe paradigm, information is disseminated from publishers to subscribers that are interested in receiving the information. In practice, information dissemination is often restricted by policy constraints due to concerns such as security or confidentiality agreement. Meanwhile, to avoid overwhelming subscribers by the vast amount of primitive information, primitive pieces of information can be combined at so-called brokers in the network, a process called composition. Information composition provides subscribers the desirable ability to express interests in an efficiently selective way. In this paper, we formulate the min-cost event distribution problem in pub/sub systems with policy constraints and information composition. Our goal is to minimize the total cost of event transmission while satisfying policy constraints and enabling information composition. This optimization problem is shown to be NP-complete. Our simulation study shows that our heuristics work efficiently, especially in a policy-constrained system. We also find that by increasing the number of broker nodes in a pub/sub system, we are able to reduce the total cost of event delivery.


by Margaret E. Gredler and Carolyn Claytor Shields, New York, The Guilford Press, 2008, 242 pp., £24.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-59385-491-1 Lev Vygotsky is, of course, one of the great names of educ...


PARANASAL SINUSES & ANTERIOR SKULL BASE is the most complete ENT atlas of normal anatomy available in electronic format - no printed medium can offer this amount of information. This first disc presents 11,000 anatomical cross-sections and 700 correlative images from CT, MRI and histology, and will enable medical professionals - specifically ENT surgeons, radiologists, anatomists, maxillofacial surgeons, ophthalmologists and plastic surgeons - to play an interactive part in exploring the major structures of the nose, paranasal sinuses, orbit, sella turcica, hypophysis, cavernous sinus, and sphenopalatine fossa. All structures are displayed as continuous cross-sectional photographs (taken from the same head of a healthy specimen) in coronal, saggital and axial directions. These sophisticated, high density images can be displayed as stills or video animation, and can be viewed with or without the names of the structures in nomina anatomica. Disc I also includes Mallory-stained histological images in coronal direction from the same head. PARANASAL SINUSES & ANTERIOR SKULL BASE will serve as a powerful reference teaching aid for all doctors, postgraduates and students, as well as providing an effective and easy method of understanding anatomical 3-dimensional relations. Required Hardware: Either a CD-1 player upgraded with a Digital Video (DV) cartridge Or any IBM-compatible PC with: Microsoft Windows TM 3.1, 4 Mb internal memory, 3 Mb free disc space, 386-33 CPU or better, accelerated video card, mouse, and CD-ROM player (a double speed CD-ROM player is recommended).


This review provides an overview on the vegetation zonation of a large part of the mountain systems of the African continent. The Atlas and Jebel Marra are discussed as examples for the dry North African Mountains. The Drakensberg range is shown as representative of the mountain systems of Southern Africa. The main focus of the review falls on the Afrotropical mountains: Mt. Kenya, Aberdares, Kilimanjaro, Mt. Meru, Mt. Elgon, Mt. Cameroon, Mt. Ruwenzori, Virunga, Simien Mts., Bale Mts. and Imatong. A new nomenclature for the vegetation belts of Afrotropical Mountains is proposed.


...................................................................................................................................................................... i Declaration ................................................................................................................................................................ iii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ....................................................................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................. xiii CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Background ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1. Problems in Indonesia PPP Toll Road Project Development ................................................................. 1 1.1.2. Limitation of the Current Success Measure of PPP Toll Road Projects ................................................. 5 1.1.3. The Promising Application of Project Social Benefit in Infrastructure Development ............................ 6 1.2. Problem Statement ............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.3. Research Objective ............................................................................................................................................ 8 1.4. Research Questions ............................................................................................................................................ 8 1.5. Research Hypotheses ......................................................................................................................................... 9 1.6. Scope and Limitations ...................................................................................................................................... 10 1.7. Research Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 11 1.8. Thesis Structure ............................................................................................................................................... 11 1.9. Chapter Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 12 CHAPTER 2 TOLL ROAD PROJECT SUCCESS AND SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ....................................... 13 2.


In the past few decades, naked bodies have taken the stage to aggressively signal the power of theater and performance. In the experiments of The Living Theater and productions such as Dionysus in '69, as well as in much of the body art of the 1980s, and early 1990s, the naked body was presumed to organize a dramaturgical site from which both a political charge and a seductive promise could be launched. The body bared was perceived as enabling the stage and the social. Looking back at these naked bodies from the perspective of the new millennium, we can understand the hyperbolic proclamations of the body's significance as a kind of last hurraw of the capabilities of the flesh to establish public and civic powers as well as sovereign semiotic ones. However, rather than bathing in the rosyfingered dawn of a new age, as they imagined, these bodies were actually washing up onto the stage, like whales and dolphins now do on our beaches, to offer an image of their demise. As it turns out, they were prescient in their insistence. By the late 1990s, the body could no longer set the site for the generation of meaning; instead, it had become a theater of operations where medical, genetic, and virtual systems took it as their stage. Moreover, the attendant practices of theater, or performance, were challenged by the critical analogue of the virtual. Staging the naked body both provoked and was inscribed by revolutionary attitudes toward the gender and sexual systems it signified. Within the past decades, new theoretical and performative strategies concerning gender and sexual practices have redefined our understanding of how performance, even more, representation itself may mean. Moving alongside the parade of nudes, from Julian Beck to Tim Miller, we might review just how the notions of theatricality, performance, and performativity were formed, both on stage and in the culture at large. Hopefully, this close encounter of the three kinds will provide an understanding of how, in the late twentieth century, a revitalization of the sense of performance has signaled its demise.


We summarize the Year 6 activities at the University of Chicago Center for Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes. A detailed strategic plan for the next two years was developed and adopted early in the year. Major milestones achieved by the code group include: (1) release of FLASH 2.3; (2) specification of FLASH 3.0, a significantly more powerful code that will enable developers in the community to contribute modules to FLASH with relative ease; (3) optimized an adaptive mesh multi-grid solver; (4) migrated physics modules to a second (new) branch of FLASH, so that they can be used with the implicit hydro solver; and (5) provided crucial support for the large-scale simulations carried out by the astrophysics group. Major milestones achieved by the computational physics and validation group include: (1) implementation, testing, and application of the flame-capturing model required for the Type Ia supernova studies; (2) advances in validation work done together with experimentalists at Los Alamos National Laboratory, including a full-scale three-dimensional numerical model of the experiment; (3) implementation of the Hall MHD module in two and three dimensions, including a multi-grid solver for the Helmholtz equation; (4) implementation of the relativistic MHD solver; and (5) organization of an international meeting, "AMR2003: Chicago Workshop on Adaptive Mesh Refinement Methods." Progress was also made in developing the implicit hydrodynamic solver. Major milestones achieved by the astrophysics group include: (1) completion of large scale 2-d and 3-d simulations of wind-wave mixing, and the extraction from these of the information required to construct a set of physically self-consistent sub-grid models for application to global onedimensional nova models; and (2) completion of large-scale 3-d simulations of the deflagration-phase of Type Ia supernovae involving a Chandrasekharmass white dwarf. Progress was also made in studying the physics of Xray bursts and in understanding flame physics. Credits for Title Page Picture: ANL Futures Laboratory


Objective To explore anti-tumor effect of five different extraction process from shenetang in vivo,so as to provide foundation to optimize the extraction process of the prescription.Methods The chemical composition and pharmacological activity of the various ingredients in the compound were summed up to determinate the extraction methods,the contents of material basis in different of extracts were detected.H22 tumor model in mice were built.Mice implanted with H22 were treated with five different extraction processes from shenetang for 7d,and then the tumor tissues,thymus glands and spleens were weighed.The tumor inhibitory rates,immune organ index were calculated to investigate the anti-tumor and immune regulatory effect of different extraction components from shenetang in mice implanted with tumor cells.Results The five different extraction components showed potent anti-tumor effect,it could raise the decreased immune organ index,in which group four shows better anti-tumor activity.Conclusion The effective components from shenetang have anti-tumor effect,group four with more anti-tumor activity,which has good anti-tumor application prospects.


The crystal structure and microstructure of alloys Gd5Ge2(Si2-xAlx) were studied by X-Ray Diffraction(XRD),Scanning Electronic Microscope(SEM)and Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) methods.The results of experiment indicate that the lattice constants a,c and the unit-cell volume V increase with the increase of the substitution of Al for Si.The impurity phase exhibites obviously as x=1.0.The curie temperatures Tc of the main phase and the impurity phase increase obviously with Al atom content.


The study of the shock structure in a viscous heat conducting fluid is an old problem. We study this problem by introducing new classes of generalized functions where multiplication of any two functions is allowed with the usual properties. A Heaviside function in its class has the unit jump at x = 0 occurring on an infinitesimal interval of nonstandard analysis in the halo of x = 0. This jump has a smooth microstructure over the infinitesimal interval. This new class of Heaviside functions, and the class of their derivatives, the Dirac delta functions, behave as the usual Heaviside function and delta function, respectively when viewed as continuous linear functionals over the test function space of Schwartz. However, they differ in their microstructures which in applications are determined from the physics of the problem as shown in our presentation. We study the shock structure of a fluid with constant viscosity and heat conductivity with Prandtl number 3/4. We introduce five Heaviside functions E, H, K, L and N associated with the jumps in entropy, specific volume, velocity, pressure and temperature, respectively. From mass conservation law, we get that H = K and the correct shock speed. From momentum and energy conservation laws, we find a second order nonlinear ODE for the microstructure of H which we solve numerically using Mathematica 4. The momentum equation then gives L and the thermodynamic relations give E and N. We obtain known results. For example, E has a positive peak greater than one within the shock. The new generalized functions give us one more tool to study physical phenomena where two or more vastly different length or time scales are associated with the problem.


Series 25: Abstract 55, 2000. 75. Stocco DM. StAR protein and the regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Annu Rev Physiol 63: 193–213, 2001. 76. Stocco DM, Clark BJ, Reinhart AJ, Williams SC, Dyson M, Dassi B, Walsh LP, Manna PR, Wang XJ, Zeleznik AJ, Orly J. Elements involved in the regulation of the StAR gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol 177: 55–59, 2001. 77. Stronge AJ, Sreenan JM, Diskin MG, Mee JF, Kenny DA, Morris DG. Post-insemination milk progesterone concentration and embryo survival in dairy cows. Theriogenology 64: 1212–1224, 2005. 78. Sunderland SJ, Crowe MA, Boland MP, Roche JF, Ireland JJ. Selec- tion, dominance and atresia of follicles during the oestrous cycle of heifers. J Reprod Fertil 101: 547–555, 1994. 79. Townson DH, Wang XJ, Keyes PL, Kostyo JL, Stocco DM. Expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the corpus luteum of the rabbit: dependence upon the luteotropic hormone, estradiol-17 beta. Biol Reprod 55: 868–874, 1996. 80. Vanholder T, Leroy JL, Soom AV, Opsomer G, Maes D, Coryn M, de Kruif A. Effect of non-esterified fatty acids on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis and proliferation in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 87: 33–44, 2005. 81. Viturro E, Koenning M, Kroemer A, Schlamberger G, Wiedemann S, Kaske M, Meyer HH. Cholesterol synthesis in the lactating cow: induced expression of candidate genes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 115: 62–67, 2009. 82. Viturro E, Meyer HH, Gissel C, Kaske M. Rapid method for cholesterol analysis in bovine milk and options for applications. J Dairy Res 77: 85–89, 2008. 83. Watson ED, Thomson SR, Howie AF. Detection of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in equine ovaries. J Reprod Fertil 119: 187–192, 2000. 84. Wolfenson D, Inbar G, Roth Z, Kaim M, Bloch A, Braw-Tal R. Follicular dynamics and concentrations of steroids and gonadotropins in lactating cows and nulliparous heifers. Theriogenology 62: 1042–1055, 2004. 85. Yivgi-Ohana N, Sher N, Melamed-Book N, Eimerl S, Koler M, Manna PR, Stocco DM, Orly J. Transcription of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the rodent ovary and placenta: alternative modes of cyclic adenosine 3=, 5=-monophosphate dependent and independent regulation. Endocrinology 150: 977–989, 2009. 86. Zielak AE, Canty MJ, Forde N, Coussens PM, Smith GW, Lonergan P, Ireland JJ, Evans ACO. Differential expression of genes for tran- scription factors in theca and granulosa cells following selection of a dominant follicle in cattle. Mol Reprod Dev 75: 904–914, 2008. 517 METABOLIC DISTURBANCES AFFECT FOLLICLE FUNCTION Physiol Genomics • doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00178.2011 • www.physiolgenomics.org


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Foscarnet Sodium in the treatment of herpes zoster.Methods A randomized controlled study was performed in 59 patients with herpes zoster.The patients were randomized to be treated with Foscarnet Sodium,Acyclovir or Valaciclovir.Results The total effective rate was 95% in the test group,70% and 68.4% in the control groups,there were significant differences(P0.05) between the test group and the control groups.Conclusion Foscarnet Sodium is superior to Acyclovir and Valaciclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster.


The following article investigates the work A visit from the goon squad, written by Jennifer Egan, expanding upon Jørgen Bruhn's (2016) research on the same novel. In his critical examination, Bruhn proposes that the many different media present in the book have varied effects in its contents, one of them being the fact that music shapes the structure of the novel, having the book mimic a concept album. Music, however, has an even greater influence on Goon Squad: it links the presence of different characters to the occurrence of specific media, akin to leitmotifs in a movie, and is also paramount in building the main character of the book, highlighting the significant role played by media to the critical interpretation of this literary work.


An SCR (selective catalytic reduction) heating and cooling tube structure of a light coach comprises a heating tube and a cooling tube. The heating tube and the cooling tube connect a motor with a urea tank and a urea spraying unit, so that urea in the urea tank can be heated by the motor, the urea spraying unit can be cooled by the motor, and a normal working state is maintained.


The research in upper limb exoskeleton boom still shows the problems of irrational structure design and simpleness in functionality due to the limitations in drive mode,structure design,power supply and some related techniques.Here,a novel design of exoskeleton boom elbow boost system was proposed,which is based on the mode of the cable pulley block by electric drive.The boom structure is composed of a signle degree-of-freedom four-bar linkage in parallel.According to the actual working conditions,the main dimensions and stress in structure was calculated using analytical method,including the determining of electronic control system parameters and the types of roping.More work on the institutional statics and dynamics simulation analysis was implemented within SolidWorks integrated simulation environment.The results from the simulation analysis showed that there was a nonlinear dynamic change with the bilateral dragging cable,which indicates the need of a ratio to improve the calculation in drive part.And the parts of static stress and margin of safety meet the design requirements.


This study compared the heavy metals remediation potency of biochar and cow dung in soils contaminated by lead-acid batteries. Soil samples were gathered from three different battery charging shops in Benin City at the depth of 0-15cm using systematic grid sampling method. Hardwood was pyrolyzed at 350°C for 80minutes and cow dung was air dried and pound into powder. The soil was characterized using standard methods, and was fractionated using modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) three-step sequential extraction procedure while the concentration of heavy metals was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The total metal concentration in the lead-acid contaminated soil was 127.50mg/kg Pb, 0.32mg/kg Cr, 0.03mg/kg Cd, 0.18mg/kg Ni and 135.00mg/kg Fe. The contaminated soil was remediated with biochar and as well with cow dung at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The soil was also amended using biochar-cow dung mixture (1:1, 2:1 and 1:2). The outcome revealed that the metal content in lead-acid contaminated soil remediated with biochar and cow dung were found to generally decrease as the percentage of amenders increases, with biochar being further efficient in lowering the levels of heavy metals in the contaminated soil. However, biochar when mixed with cow dung at 2:1 ratio at 20% amendment gives a better result than when used separately. Pot experiment was designed and the amounts of heavy metals bioavailable to plant were determined. The mobility factors and bioavailability indices of the metals reduced as the percentage of amenders' increases. The result obtained from this study revealed that although biochar and cow dung were effective amenders, biochar was more potent in lowering the mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals in lead-acid contaminated soil. Biochar when mixed with cow dung at 2:1 ratio gave the best result in remediation of lead-acid contaminated soil.


A cyanide-containing cobalt(III) complex, [Co(phen)2(CN)2][Co(phen)(CN)4] · 4.5H2O (1: phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been synthesized by hydrothermal techniques and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The complex is triclinic, space group P 1 , with a = 11.0047(16), b = 12.9587(19), c = 15.076(2) Å, α = 100.060(2), β = 102.061(2), γ = 91.803(2)°, V = 2065.0(5) Å3, Z = 2, and R 1 [I > 2σ(I)] = 0.0481. The molecular unit of 1 consists of a cation/anion pair with interstitial water molecules in the crystal lattice. The combination of coordinative, hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions results in the stabilization of a supramolecular solid-state architecture.


A LIVING MILITARY SYSTEM ON THE VERGE OF ANNIHILATION, by Major Madelfia A. Abb, United States Army, 55 pages. The explanation to the phenomenon of how a military unit, which seemingly on the verge of annihilation, still manages to survive and fight effectively, lies in the understanding that a military organization is a living system. Recognizing the parallels between a living system and a military system's need to survive and prosper within an environment full of positive and inimical changes, this study explores the world of living systems to identify the mechanisms and processes for surviving and sustaining combat effectiveness within a military system. The emerging understanding of living systems provides a valid theoretical framework for the exploration. The theory of living systems, as developed by Dr. Fritjof Capra, and the Santiago theory of cognition, as developed by Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela, form the foundation of the analysis. Subscribing to the notion that the concept of selfpreservation and self-organization of a living system are analogous to the terms of living, surviving, and prospering, the explorative study analyzes military systems at the tactical level of war. The study reveals three conclusions. First, a military system is a living system for it possesses human system and battlefield operating systems (BOS), both representing self-organizing networks within the system; has the natural attribute of being organizationally closed but open system; and has multi-leveled cognitive decisionmaking process. Second, these three criteria for living make up the components and processes that allow military systems, who are facing overwhelming odds, to spontaneously behave in a way that facilitates, what can be viewed as, miraculous survival and sustained combat effectiveness. Third, by viewing the enemy as a living military system, it leads to the discovery of planning imperatives that are applicable to designing military operations focused at exploiting and manipulating the enemy's survival ability and combat effectiveness. The study presents two case studies from the 1950 Korean War to illustrate the utility and significance of these three conclusions. The emerging paradigms discovered in the study of chaos, complexity, and nonlinearity, are leading people to shift from seeing the world as a machine to seeing it as a living system. For military planners, they need to follow the trends and begin to see the enemy as a living military system. The shift in view allows planners to develop innovative and creative military operations to compel the enemy to a desired will. Perhaps this shift of mind gets planners closer to attaining, what Sun Tzu called, the "acme of skill"—the skill to subdue the enemy without fighting.


We propose a model for the classification of rocks in different Cuban areas: clastic, carbonate, ophiolites and tuffaceous rocks, covered by clays, claystones, dense limestones, and altered seipentinites, for different formations. The described rocks show characteristic features such as primary and secondary pore structure, some degree o f dirtiness and differences in composition. For its evaluation we have prepared a group of methods based on the more frequent wireline logs, and that may be lithological, structural or saturation. We have developed a group of interpretation models that allows us to resolve each case in good correlation with the real data. The use of interactive softwares has made possible a wide range of interpretation, and increased precision. Very important conclusions have been derived for the characterization of rock properties in Cuba.


A pore-pellet model is used to analyze experimental data for SO2 removal using CuO impregnated on alumina as a sorbent. The effect of structural changes in the active solid (CuO) is included in the analysis and found to be important. The changes are characterized by three parameters: the ratio of solid product (CuSO4) molal volume to solid reactant (CuO) molal volume, the weight fraction of active solid, and the radial distribution of the active solid within the pellet.

The calculated kinetic constants are independent of CuO weight fraction and can be used for pellets with different CuO weight fractions. For the data set used in this work, it is shown that some degree of nonuniformity in the CuO distribution within the alumina matrix is needed in order to obtain a good fit of the data by the model.


Mines are one of the most cost-effective and moderated weapon systems that are easy to deploy, but difficult to clear. Not only has the development of the mine countermeas‐ ure (MCM) underwater unmanned vehicle (UUV) improved cost- and time-effective‐ ness in operation, but also it has avoided unnecessary human casualties. In MCM UUV operations, technical challenges, such as detection, classification and neutralization of mines, and vehicle management operations, arise from the incapacity of detection sensors, data-processing power. Due to the small volume capacity, decision-making processing and mine-clearing operations are insufficient for safe mine counter‐ measure warfare operations. Larger displacement UUVs must be integrated into new platform designs so that they can be a viable organic asset. Realization of the full potential of the UUV as a truly autonomous undersea vehicle (AUV) in warfare will begin with a transition to a large displacement vehicle. In case we try to make a larger and heavy UUV system, we still encounter various problems, including vehicle operational time and speed at sea, in addition to vehicle and mission management algorithms with appropriate hardware configurations. In this work, we suggest a larger diameter of the MCM UUV with hybrid power, including the basics of artificial intelligence applied expert systems integrated into the MCM mission manage‐ ment systems.


Introduction: The gut microbiota and central nervous system (CNS) interact in a bidirectional manner. In response to physical and psychological stressors affecting secretion, motility and immune reactivity, the CNS modulates gut functioning. However, alterations in gut microbiota may cause neurochemical and behavioural changes. Cerebral stroke generates an immune and inflammatory response in the brain and various immune organs as well as affect the gut microbiota Objective: The present review paper aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on the association of gut microbiota with ischemic stroke. Methods: NCBI-PubMed database has been extensively searched to collect information regarding the gut microbiome and ischemic stroke. Results: In this paper, we discussed the gut-brain axis, regulation of intestinal γδT Cells, gut-immune response to brain injury, effect of gut microbiota on brain development, behaviour and neurotransmitters. Further, we highlight the pathways for systemic inflammatory response syndrome, Trimethylamine N-Oxide, and T regulatory cells to understand the underlying mechanism of neuronal dysfunction. Conclusion: CNS dysfunction due to ischemic insults affects gastrointestinal function through the vagus nerve signal, immune pathways, endocrine systems and neurotransmitters. The intestinal microbiota plays an imperative role in retaining metabolic homeostasis, immune system, and protection against pathogens.