The effective stiffness of a structural wall is an important property in design, which many design codes estimate by the moment inertia of the wall section with a reduction factor. The reduction factor is typically estimated by empirical equations based on configurations of the wall. The existing methods for the reduction factor were proposed based on investigations on rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) walls. The effective stiffness of non-rectangular RC walls can be more complex than that of rectangular RC walls. As such, more research investigations are required. Based on finite element models, the effective stiffness of U-shaped and T-shaped RC walls was investigated in this paper. The numerical results were further adopted to develop methods for calculating the effective stiffness of non-rectangular wall in different loading directions. The proposed method was afterward compared with the experimental data.


To test the possibility that anesthetic potency might be dependent on stereochemical configuration, effects of the d and l optical isomers of halothane were compared. Two model systems, the isolated cervical sympathetic ganglion of the rat and synthetic phospholipid bilayer membranes spin-labeled to permit electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, were studied. The two halo-thane isomers did not differ in ability to depress synaptic transmission in the ganglion, or ability to increase the mobility of fatty-acid chains in the lipid bilayer. Since there is evidence that both models are relevant to anesthesia, these results support the theory that anesthesia by the inhalation agents is a physical phenomenon in which the stereochemical configuration of the anesthetic molecule plays at most a minor role.


Firm performance is the capability of a business to effectively use its resources in such a way to generate operational and financial results. The purpose of this study is to find out and obtain empirical evidence about the effect of corporate governance and political connection on firm performance. This research was conducted on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2021. The sample results that have been selected are 859 data. The data analysis technique used is linear regression analysis. The results of this research show that corporate governance proxy family ownership has no influence on firm performance (ROA & ROE), then corporate governance proxy market to book value has influence on firm performance (ROA), political connection has no influence on firm performance ROA, but political connection has influence on firm performance ROE.


Minced ovaries from several developmental stages of Bombyx mori (L.), Galleria mellonella (L.), Estigmene acrea (Drury), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) were grown in Grace's medium containing 4.8% silkworm hemolymph. Evaluation of the cultures was based on the number of cells produced, the quality of the cells, and the length of life of the cultures.

The extent of ovarian development was based on the first appearance of yolk in the ovum, development of follicles in 90% of the length of the ovariole, beginning of contractions in the ovariole sheath, and beginning of degeneration of the intermediate-layer cells.

The results indicated that the selection of material for ovarian cultures should be based on a compromise among these factors: large ovary size, large number of immature follicles, and healthy intermediate-layer cells, and, in some species, undifferentiated ovariole sheath muscle.

Comparison of the quality of the cultures with the developmental stage of the ovaries indicated that the intermediate layer and the follicular epithelium produced most of the cells in the cultures.


As part of the programme of research monitoring the impact of bus deregulation following the 1985 Transport Act, the incidence of competition in the bus industry immediately after deregulation has been identified. This paper lists the examples of competition between public transport operators on services which were due to be operating by around 27 October 1986. For the covering abstract of the publication see IRRD 811236. (TRRL)


objective To evaluate the effect of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor_165 (rhVEGF_165) on progression of atherosclerotic plaque in rabbits. Methods Fifteen rabbits were randomly fed with normal diet (Group A,n=5) or high cholesterol diet(Group B,n=5, Group C,n=5) . Albumin or VEGF 165 was administered by a single-intramuscular injection(2 μg/kg)to rabbits fed with cholesterol diet beginning three weeks before therapy. Subsets of rabbits from each group underwent perfusion-fixation and harvesting of the thoracic aorta for morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis at 42days. Results: ①Significant difference was shown in comparing mean plaque area(Group A 0%,Group B 1.81%±0.61,Group C 24.12%±3.58),plaque circumference(Group A 0%, Group B 6.05%±1.62, Group C 25.71%±1.97) and maximal plaque thickness(Group A 0,Group B 0.06mm±0.002, Group C 0.16 mm±0.007)respectively, ②There were significant differences(P0.05) in neovascularization density(number of CD_34-positive cells , Group A 0 cells/mm 2, Group B 12.35±2.02cells/mm 2,Group C 61.15±7.55cells/ mm 2) in group A, B and C at 42 day. ③TEM(transmission electron microscopy )image showed intimal vessels associated with lesion and the capillary lumen containing lymphocytes. ④There was positive correlation of CD_34positive area with plaque area (r=0.989,P0.001)in Group C. Conclusion VEGF_165 increase the rate and degree of atherosclerotic plaque formation in the thoracic aorta in a cholesterol-fed rabbit model


How is the living conditions of the common father generation in urban and rural areas in the lash of commercial tide? What kind of cultural scenery have they formed? "I am Your Father",a rare serious works of Wang Suo,reflects undoubtedly the worry and perplexity of the common fathers in cities,and another writer,Liu Xinglong,who experts in describing rural life, have written the silence and persistency as always of the rural father generation.


From experiments conducted to study insect species composition and seasonal succession in piglet carcasses, 35 Staphylinidae species were collected, of which 5 are reported for the f irst time in Portugal: Anotylus pumilus, Stenus (Metastenus) bifoveolatus, Bryophacis maklini, Mycetoporus mulsanti and Mycetoporus piceolus. Results of this study improve the knowledge of entomosarcosaprophagous fauna in Portugal, especially relevant to fo -


A full-frame compression technique for video sequences of faces, based on principal component analysis, is presented. Entire video frames are encoded to very low bitrates and reconstructed with good accuracy. Principal component analysis is utilized to model the facial mimic in an Eigenspace. By using a camera construction where the user's face is almost fixed in all frames, a heavy normalization is circumvented. Encoding and decoding can be performed in real-time. The creation of Eigenspaces can be performed by a central processing server to avoid this memory and time-consuming process to be performed on mobile devices. Video frames can be reconstructed from a bitstream of 2.4 kbps with an average peak signal to noise ratio above 31 dB. The effect of using nonhomogenous background compared to a white background is examined and the effect is moderate for a slightly shiftin g background.


In an apparatus for feeding and weighing textile fibre to be blended, a weighing pan 2 is fed fibre from ducts 3, 4 by a reversible feed roller forming a nip with feed surface or trough 6. The use of a feed surface, rather than a second roller, enables opening roller 7 to be positioned closer to the nip to take relatively fine fibre tufts from the nip, improving fibre metering and subsequent weighing.


Children's Asthma Relief Act of 1999 - Amends title V (Maternal and Child Health Services) of the Social Security Act (SSA) to establish an asthma treatment grants program providing comprehensive asthma services for children and other individuals. Authorizes appropriations.Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to encourage States to implement plans to carry out activities to assist children with respect to asthma in accordance with the guidelines of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (Institute).Provides that if a State CHIP plan under SSA title XXI (Children's Health Insurance) (CHIP) provides for such activities to the Secretary's satisfaction, the Secretary shall make a grant to assist the State in carrying them out. Sets forth certain matching funds requirements. Authorizes appropriations.Amends the Public Health Service Act to include, within the preventive health and health services block grant, any systems for reducing asthma and asthma-related illnesses, especially with regard to children, through urban cockroach pest management in public facilities that minimizes or avoids chemical pesticides through a combination of appropriate practices involving the maintenance, cleaning, and monitoring of such sites.Directs the Institute Director to: (1) identify all Federal programs carrying out asthma-related activities; (2) develop a Federal plan for responding to asthma; and (3) submit recommendations to Congress on ways to strengthen and to improve the coordination of such activities. Authorizes appropriations.Requires the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to: (1) conduct local asthma surveillance activities to collect data on the prevalence and severity of asthma and the quality of asthma management; and (2) compile and publish annually data on the prevalence of children suffering from asthma in each State, and the childhood mortality rate associated with asthma nationally and in each State


—With the rapid development of the national economy, measurement models play an increasingly important role in studying economic problems. The paper takes A-share listed manufacturing enterprises in Hebei Province from 2018-2020 as the sample, using DEA-BCC and DEA-Malmquist models to analyze the financing efficiency from a static and dynamic perspective. The results show the financing efficiency of manufacturing enterprises in Hebei Province is low, mainly caused by the low technical level, which shows most enterprises do not pay attention to technological innovation. Pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency do not reach the best at the same time. It shows that the financing efficiency of manufacturing enterprises in Hebei Province has a certain room for improvement, which needs to be improved from the technical level and scale degree.


The serum samples from children who reside in Tofalaria were studied for presence of antibodies against four tick-borne infections, including tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia muris and E. chaffensis. In total, 16 % of samples contained IgG antibodies against TBEV. Of them, one child (11,1 %) belonged to Tofalar nationality, two children (15,4 %) were half-breed and four (18,2 %) belonged to Russian nationality. In group of children with positive serum samples one Russian boy had antibodies to TBEV and B. burgdorferi sensu lato simultaneously. The titers were 1:1900 and 1:100 correspondently. Obtained results testify the need for development of prophylaxis of tick-borne infections.


ABSTRACT Although the European green crab Carcinus maenas has persisted in Oregon and Washington coastal estuaries, and thrived in the inlets of the west coast of British Columbia since 1998, populations of this species had not established themselves in the inner Salish Sea, between southern Vancouver Island, the mainland, and Puget Sound. It has been hypothesized that the Strait of Juan de Fuca acts as a semipermeable barrier preventing C. maenas larvae from entering this inland sea. Most years, the water is too cold (<10°C) for larvae to develop and the predominately estuarine surface outflow flushes larvae out to sea. In late August and September of 2016, a total of five live Carcinus maenas were discovered in Westcott Bay and Padilla Bay, Washington, suggesting that this species recently entered the inland sea as larvae. Unusually warm surface water in the northeast Pacific (>2.5°C above average) from the fall of 2013 to 2015 would have allowed larvae to survive alongshore transport off the coasts of Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Reversals of the estuarine current in the Strait of Juan de Fuca forced by strong southerly winds associated with major storms along the outer coast in late October 2014 and 2015 could have transported the warm ocean water and larvae inward through the strait and, with the aid of local winds and tidal currents, into the inner Salish Sea. Preferential inward transport would have been with the Olympic Peninsula Countercurrent that forms along the U.S. side of the channel.


an experimental career education treatment. The three approaches are: ethnography; systematic observation of student behavior in natural settings (i.e., those settings which are a part of the student's planned career education program); and in-depth interviews with students. The treatment under investigation is a career education model&dquo; (Experience-Based Career Education) being developed over a three-year period by four different agencies in four widely separated geographic locations. Development activities of these agencies were funded by the National Instutute of Education. The Institute also funded our role as external evaluators during the third developmental year. We hope to provide interested readers a straightforward but relatively modest account of the contributions of ethnography, systematic observation, and in-depth interviews to our understanding of the processes that were actually used and valued in the treatment model being developed. We will not present the argumentation for including an adequate description of the treatment under investigation as a part of evaluation reports. At least two other articles in this series on evaluation discuss the


Establishing a good cooperative relationship in government and civil society is of far-reaching significance to deal with the crisis effectively.But in real life,the cooperation in government and civil society is facing many problems.To improve the capacity of China's crisis management should focus on the establishment of the good relations of cooperation between government and civil society,it is necessary to train government and civil society awareness and to improve relevant laws and regulations and to establish an effective accountability system.


Convention for the protection of the mediterranean sea against pollution (with annex and protocols for the prevention of pollution of the mediterranean sea by dumping from ships and aircraft and protocol concerning cooperation in combating pollution of the mediterranean sea by oil and other harmful substances in cases of emergency). Barcelona, 16 February 1976 [United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1102, I-16908.]


Sputter erosion of boron nitride (BN) is a critically important process in Hall thrusters from the point of view of both lifetime assessment and contamination effects. This contribution describes recent improvements to a laser sensor being developed for in situ monitoring of sputtered BN from Hall thrusters. The sensor employs the continuous-wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) technique to probe an atomic absorption line of boron (250 nm). Recent improvements include piezo-electric cavity modulation, improved ring-down acquisition rate, and a custom AOM driver. We present demonstrative results illustrating these improvements and discuss their implications for Hall thruster diagnostics. A factor of ∼5 improvement in optical sensitivity is demonstrated compared to the previous sensor.


The results of theoretical estimation of capabilities of the material structure modification of 1560 aluminum alloy sheets under processing by severe plastic deformation are presented in this paper. Severe plastic deformation of flat specimens is effected by the constrained groove pressing method in original dies with trapezoidal teeth. The numerical simulation results of the sheet specimen treatment process by severe plastic deformation were used for dies designing. The stress-strain state of flat aluminum alloy specimens and the steel dies at high processing temperature, support reaction force during pressing and the degrees of plastic strain accumulation at the optimum mode of pressing were estimated. The main numerical result is the value of accumulated plastic strain in the specimen per one pressing cycle which is about 1.14. Large degrees of strain are the reasons of grain structure and material texture changes, which leads to inevitable change of its physical-mechanical properties. Increasing the number of pressing cycles leads to proportional increase of the degree of accumulated plastic strain.


We have investigated the effects of various extracellular matrix (ECM) components on the behaviour of human mesangial cells (HMC) in u gel culture system using a modified MTT assay method. When cultured on u reconstituted basement membrane. Matrigel (M gel), HMC aggregated and formed isolated colonies initially, then extended an array of cell processes to form a dendritic network structure and proliferated very slowly as the culture period progressed. On type I colIagen gel (Cl gel), however. HMC developed elongated bipoIar shapes, migrated into the gel. and showed rapid cell growth. Next, separate ECM components, such as type III and IV colIagens. Iaminin. heparm and heparan sulphate, were incorporated into CI gel and HMC proliferation was assessed. Although attachment of HMC to each gel did not differ significantly. HMC proliferation was inhibited markedly on gels containing type III colIagen, heparin and heparan sulphate: type IV colIagen suppressed HMC proliferation slightly; and Iaminin had no significant effect. These data suggest that interstitial type I and III colIagcns. which arc often observed in diseased glomcruli. as well as the basement membrane components, may pIay important roles in the reguIation of HMC proliferation under pathophysiological conditions in vivo. We conclude that HMC behaviour is affected by the surrounding ECM constituents, which appear to function as a refined moduIator.


Any social project implies monitoring and assessment of its outcomes. In a perfect world, monitoring and assessment system should be included in the project already at the planning stage. Around twenty years ago, the assessment department of the Canadian International Development Research Center (IDRC) developed a method of project planning that includes a monitoring and assessment system. This method is based on a concept that all social changes stem from the changes in the behavior of people and organizations. This method was called Outcome Mapping, which basically means creating maps of behavioral changes.


Background. Given the protracted displacement resulting from over a decade of conflict in Syria, the Government of Jordan and humanitarian actors are aiming to increase resilience and self-reliance amongst both the high numbers of Syrian refugees in Jordan and the frequently vulnerable communities that host them. Within contexts of displacement, livelihoods and protection concerns are closely interlinked and can act as barriers to attaining resilience for vulnerable groups. While livelihoods activities are still prominent in resilience programming, the humanitarian community has acknowledged this interdependence and related responses. As such, DRC Jordan has been implementing various integrated approaches between livelihoods and protection programming, hypothesizing that the integration of services compounds positive outcomes in resilience and self-reliance amongst vulnerable persons seeking support through DRC. Applied approaches include both a package approach, where services are implemented in unison, i.e. group stress management sessions, legal awareness sessions, and livelihood grants distribution, as well as co-locating protection and livelihood services in the same communities to facilitate referrals and coordination between respective teams. As a result, DRC conducted research to establish 1) if integrated programming resulted in increased resilience outcomes, 2) which mechanisms led to the observed outcomes, and 3) explore the feasibility of implementing integrated programming on a wider scale and what adaptations may be necessary prior to expansion. Methods. analysis using from 434 participants (185 persons receiving integrated services and 249 Data was collected using the Resilience Index and t-tests conducted assess differences in average changes between groups. The mechanism underlying identified explored via 16 case studies of households who had demonstrated positive changes in resilience either on quantitative or by field staff. assessed using process tracing. Finally, operational implications were explored in a roundtable discussion with 10 and to discuss successful and inhibiting strategies for cross-sector and


Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common heterogeneous condition in women of reproductive age, relating to both physical and mental health. Thoughts on primary pathological origins shift from the ovary to the adrenal gland. Insulin signaling pathways and sympathetic nerve activity are thought to be involved. PCOS features include signs of high androgen concentrations and oligo/amenorrhea. Affective symptoms such as depression and anxiety are prevalent among women with the syndrome and have been associated with body mass index (BMI). PCOS interventions are symptom-oriented and should include physical exercise as part of lifestyle management. Effective pharmacological interventions have side-effects to be taken in consideration. Previous studies suggest electroacupunture (EA) to modulate features commonly observed in women with PCOS. The general aims of this thesis were to explore self-reported depression and anxiety-related symptoms in women with PCOS; and to evaluate low-frequency EA and physical exercise on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), biochemical hyperandrogenism and oligo/amenorrhea. Study I investigated depression and anxiety-related symptoms in women with PCOS and noted several anxiety symptoms to distinguish women with PCOS from controls matched on age, body weight and BMI. Symptoms of worry, phobias and sleep disturbances were overrepresented among women with PCOS and may be an indication of an increased arousal. Study II explored associations between depression and anxiety symptoms, and estrogens, sex steroid precursors, androgens, glucuronidated androgen metabolites, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin sensitivity in drug-naïve women with PCOS. Women with depression-related symptoms had lower testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT) and androstane-3α 17β-diol-3glucuronide (3G). There were inverse associations between circulating FT, 3G and symptoms of depression. Study III aimed to evaluate low-frequency EA and physical exercise on MSNA in women with PCOS. Twenty women with PCOS were allocated to low-frequency EA, physical exercise, or no intervention. From baseline to week 16, MSNA burst frequency decreased by -39.4% for low-frequency EA; -39.0 % for physical exercise; and -8.7% for no intervention. Study IV investigated if low-frequency EA would decrease hyperandrogenism and improve oligo/amenorrhea more effectively than physical exercise or no active intervention in women with PCOS. Eighty four women with PCOS were randomized to 16 weeks of low-frequency EA, physical exercise, or no intervention. Circulating T, androsterone glucuronide (ADT-G) and 3G decreased from baseline measurements to week 16 for low-frequency EA compared to physical exercise. Circulating T, FT, estrone-sulfate (E1-S), ADT-G, 3G and androstane-3α 17β-diol-17glucuronide (17G) decreased from baseline measurements to week 16 for low-frequency EA compared to no intervention. The monthly menstrual bleeding frequency increased for lowfrequency EA compared to physical exercise and no intervention from baseline measurements to week 16. Conclusions: This thesis supports the effects of low-frequency EA and physical exercise to be partly mediated via the sympathetic nervous system. Low-frequency EA may be a complement for treatment of hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. With few minor adverse events of short duration for repeated low-frequency EA and no adverse events for physical exercise, a combination of low-frequency EA and physical exercise is recommended for treatment of oligo/amenorrhea in women with PCOS. With an unmet need for assessment and treatment of affective symptoms in women with PCOS further studies are warranted. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS I. Jedel E, Waern M, Gustafson D, Landén M, Eriksson E, Holm G, Nilsson L, Lind AK, Janson PO, Stener-Victorin E. Anxiety and depression symptoms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with controls matched for body mass index. Hum Reprod 2010,25:450-456. II. Jedel E, Waern M, Gustafson D, Landén M, Janson PO, Labrie F, Ohlsson C, Stener-Victorin E. Sex steroids and insulin sensitivity in relation to affective symptoms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Manuscript. III. Stener-Victorin E, Jedel E, Janson PO, Sverrisdottir YB. Low-frequency electroacupuncture and physical exercise decrease high muscle sympathetic nerve activity in polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 297:387-395. IV. Jedel E, Labrie F, Odén A, Holm G, Nilsson L, Jansson PO, Lind AK, Ohlsson C, Stener-Victorin E. Impact of electroacupuncture and physical exercise on hyperandrogenism and oligo/amenorrhea in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010 Oct 13. [Epub ahead of print].


Resumen en: Deals with the social representations (painting, writings, etc.) involving the women of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The authors contrast these represen...


Conformational-energy calculations were carried out on the new family of p-lactam antibiotics (viz., thienamycin, PS-5, 1-oxaand 1-thiapenems, and their close analogs); these exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and stability towards P-lactamase-producing strains. The bicyclic ring system in all the compounds studied was found to be highly rigid and to favor only one conformation. This is in contrast to findings in penicillins, where the five-membered ring assumes two puckered conformations. The relative orientations of the bicyclic ring system and the nature and configuration of the suhstituent a t C-5 position, besides nonplanarity of the lactam peptide bond, are shown to be important for biological activity. The present study, in agreement with x-ray studies, predicts that the lactam peptide bond in 1-carbapenem is more nonplanar than in 1-thiapenem. These studies also suggest that the conformational requirement of bicyclic ring system to bind to crosslinking enzyme(s) and p-lactamases is very similar.


Correction for 'Rapid room temperature synthesis of red iridium(iii) complexes containing a four-membered Ir–S–C–S chelating ring for highly efficient OLEDs with EQE over 30%' by Guang-Zhao Lu et al., Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 3535–3542.


Increase of non-uniform power density and high switching frequency has presented new challenges in predicting transient temperature response to fast-changing power inputs in advanced electronic devices. While the computational effort with direct calculation through the finite element model (FEM) is expensive, various methods of model reduction with drastically improved computing speed have been developed for calculation of dynamic thermal responses of the electronic systems. However, those methods' still-considerable computational time consumption inhibits their practices in real-time temperature prediction and dynamic thermal management (DTM) applications. This work presents a fast algorithm for predicting temperature evolution in electronic devices subjected to multiple heat source excitations. It utilizes the equivalent thermal RC network for model reductions, and adopts recursive infinite impulse response (IIR) digital filters for accelerated computation in discrete time-domain. The algorithm is validated by comparison to existing convolution integral methods, yielding excellent agreement with several orders of magnitude improvement in computation efficiency. Due to its simplicity in implementation, the algorithm is very suitable for run-time evaluation of temperature response for dynamic power management applications.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Theoretical and experimental results show that ultrasonic scattering of cell suspensions is caused mainly by interaction forces between cells. Therefore, the membrane properties of cells, the electrical charge and the viscoelastic properties, but also the antigen-antibody and receptor-ligand bindings, have a strong influence upon ultrasonic scattering. The theoretical calculation of an autocorrelation function of a scattering region containing statistical isotropical distributed scatterers leads to a closed solution of ultrasonic scattering. Two correcting terms can be calculated in addition to the well known Rayleigh's solution, i.e. the geometry term of the scattering particles and a correcting function dependent on the interaction forces between the particles. Two systems for the measuring of the Doppler-sonographical scattering coefficient were developed, one a recirculating tube system and a Couette-flow cylinder-cylinder system with a sample volume smaller than 0.5 ml. Employing these systems, both the shear rate and scattering coefficient occurring in the flow can be measured simultaneously. It can be shown that with these methods the simple proof of adhesion receptors of erythrocytes, lymphocytes and platelets is possible.


Rev Port Clin Geral 2005;21:269-79 269 I t has been suggested that drug-related morbidity in primary care in developed countries is a significant problem, causing considerable human suffering and economic waste. North-American and British Government policy documents on patient safety and medical errors, although more focused on secondary care, have acknowledged the existence of similar problems in primary care1;2. The literature is prolific in descriptions of negative clinical outcomes of drug therapy, such as adverse drug reactions and adverse drug events. Considerations on preventable drug-related morbidity in Primary Care Part I – Impact of preventable drug-related morbidity


This article draws on the notion of epistemic agency to illustrate how the enactment of shared epistemic agency is enabled or hindered in a mathematics classroom for student teachers. I used data from an ethnographic study that was conducted in a third-year class of mathematics for educators. Data was drawn from verbal interactions that took place between mathematics student teachers, and between student teachers and myself as their lecturer, as they worked on class tasks. A narrative mode of analysing data was employed to synthesise data from critical incidents, while excerpts of these incidents represented data. From this analysis, I argue that, with extended wait time by a facilitator, students' disposition of epistemic virtues and vices may enable or hinder enactment to epistemic agency, respectively. In article, those vices presented themselves as epistemic stinginess, prejudices against answers by peers and epistemic disclaimer. The epistemic virtues were presented as impartiality and intellectual courage. I further suggest that the recommended wait time of 1–3  during classroom questioning and answering should be extended for classes where epistemic practices are encouraged.


Dear EditorImazapyr, an herbicide, is known for its relatively low toxicity to mammals [1]. However, large dose ingestion of imazapyr is worthy of cautious medical attention. We report on a 39-year...


The construction of "new engineering" takes the new economy and new industry as the background and strengthens the innovation consciousness, the engineering idea and the integration of disciplines and specialties. The engineering education accreditation and the "new engineering" construction have the same goal to the talent training. For mechanical and electrical majors, through the engineering education accreditation, according to the international engineer standard, it has important practical significance for improving students' professional ability and professional accomplishment to construct the professional teaching system connected with the engineer system, promote the reform of engineering education teaching mode, and enhance the adaptability of engineering education personnel training to future posts.


This paper expounds the definition and connotation of the information literacy,analyzes on the importance of carrying out the information literacy education for university students by university library and the superiorities of university library in this aspect,and probes into the targets,contents and measures of the cultivation of the information literacy of university students.


It is rare to come across a book that you know is relevant, important, and making a major contribution to its subject. This is one of those books. Actually it is not a book at all but rather a brightly covered ring-binder with 278 pages and six sections. The authority of the book is illustrated on the cover with the logos of Mentality, National Development Team, The Mental Health Foundation, Mind, Disability Rights Commission and the Community Development Foundation. The real dynamism of the book is the diversity and authority of the contributors that reads like a Who's Who of mental health literature including: Lynne Friedli, Liz Sayce, Alison Faulkner, Ron Coleman, Vanessa Pinfold, Rachel Perkins, Julie Repper plus forty five others! A number of the contributors describe themselves as service users, although I suspect a number of the apparent professionals are service users or ex-service users – perhaps not wishing to label themselves – very socially inclusive! Partly, because of the contribution of those who use or have used services, this book feels meaningful and relevant. It's written by people who understand grass roots and written for those who might want a practical manual to help working at grass roots level. The book has been written to help mental health service users and staff consider the implications of citizenship and issues of social inclusion for people with mental health problems. It acknowledges that there is no manual for ''how to promote'' social inclusion and the book clearly intends to provide plenty of points for discussion and action. Because it's a ring binder, the pages are easily removable and photo-copyable. This is a practical book. I know because I have been using some of the proposed ideas and strategies in a Social Inclusion Working Group here in Nottingham. And that is the strength of the book, it is a practical book that service users and staff alike will be able to relate to. Sections include: politics, civil rights, mental health promotion, housing, safe communities, the responsibility of services, user-led research, social capital, etc. This book has a powerful message that we ignore to our peril: we all need to strive towards an inclusive society, and, this begins with ourselves. We must challenge the long established hold that authorities exercise and yield power to those who have historically been the most oppressed and vulnerable in our society. I have struggled to find anything negative in this book. I sincerely hope it finds its way into the offices of mental healthcare managers, teams, user groups, and academics alike. I don't think it's a book for students to buy but essential for teachers who may be teaching social inclusion.


social leveling. Convincingly arguing that a love story that "acknowledges Sally Hemings' humanity" (73) is a meager outcome, to say the least, Foster points out that those who need to see Hemings as loved by Jefferson in order to recognize her humanity do her no favors. Implicitly, they also deny the humanity of the countless historical women who experienced loveless enslavement, rape, and sexual coercion. Foster's chapter on Gouverneur Morris would enrich any syllabus on the history of sex in the United States. Once understudied, Morris has been portrayed since 2003 as "a sexually active bachelor who overcame his disability" (144). The fact that he was successful with women despite having an amputated leg and a severely burned right arm has led popularizers like Richard Brookhiser, a writer for the conservative National Review, to portray him as a "rake." But Morris would have bristled at this characterization. As Clare Lyons, Sharon Block, and Foster himself have argued, eighteenth-century Americans defined rakes as much by their misogyny as their sexual freedom. Morris, by contrast, described his encounters with married and single French salonnières in egalitarian terms. He not only sought out intelligent and independent lovers but also pursued and celebrated mutual pleasure. Foster concludes that modern biographers have emphasized Morris's sexual exploits in order to endear him to "contemporary audiences who may otherwise pull away from the cane-wielding aristocratic founding father" (163). His argument, that such stories have incorporated heterosexual masculine entitlement into American national identity, seems especially true today.


The Jailolo Subdistrict, West Halmahera Regency, has natural resource potential with the charm of an excellent coastal area if it is developed into a Tourism Village. Because of the limited knowledge of the community on the development of village tourism objects, it is necessary to conduct Tourism Village Development training. This training is carried out using a participatory approach, where participants take an active role. This participatory method includes lectures, discussions, questions and answers, brainstorming, and practice. The participants in this training were 30 people from 5 villages in the Jailolo District. The results of providing this tourist village training material can increase the participants' understanding of managing a tourist village well so that they can apply all the material that has been delivered in their respective regions


The purpose of this study are to compare existing presence-absence predictive models and to predict suitable habitat for Goral (Nemorhaedus caudatus raddeanus) that is an endangered and protected species in Seoraksan national park using the best model among existing predictive models. The methods of this study are as follows. First, 375 location data and 9 environmental data layers were implemented to build a model. Secondly, 4 existing presence-absence models : Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Generalized Addictive Model (GAM), Classification and Regression Tree (CART), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were tested to predict the Goal habitat. Thirdly, ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) and Kappa statistics were used to calculate a model performance. Lastly, we verified models and created habitat suitability maps. The ROC AUC (Area Under the Curve) and Kappa values were 0.697/0.266 (GLM), 0.729/0.313 (GAM), 0.776/0.453 (CART), and 0.858/0.559 (ANN). Therefore, ANN was selected as the best model among 4 models. The models showed that elevation, slope, and distance to stream were the significant factors for Goal habitat. The ratio of predicted area of ANN using a threshold was 31.29%, but the area decreased when human effect was considered. We need to investigate the difference of various models to build a suitable wildlife habitat model under a given condition.


This study explores the effect of stakeholder fragmentation on the adequacy of interactive
decision-making in post-disaster resilience projects. It investigates on whether or not the level
of stakeholder fragmentation affects the influence of stakeholder involvement on the
adequacy of interactive decision-making. Comparing two post-disaster resilience projects in
the Netherlands and the USA, this study draws conclusions about general and context-related
mechanisms in terms of stakeholder involvement and fragmentation, which lead to a higher
adequacy of interactive decision-making. The results can be used in for further research as
well as in future post-disaster resilience projects.


This paper reviews and integrates these constructs and presents a framework for the analysis of consumer perceptions of quality. The primary purpose of this study is to develop a model of the important variables that affects consumer formation of perceived quality. A questionnaire served as a data-gathering instrument. Three computer brands were selected based on the country of origin. The study identified and conceptually defined four related but distinct perception related constructs of quality. Finally, the author reports the effects of perceived product attributes, country of origin, and price on consumer perceptions of product quality. Moreover, the design of the experiment allows additional analyses on the relative effects of the determinants on perceived quality. Results from structure equation analysis reveal a broader conceptualization of consumer perceived value in the form of a model. The major findings are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.


Aiming at the problem of low computational efficiency of traditional power data, this paper proposes a posteriori double-threshold power big data Apriori parallel computing method based on Boolean matrix. The Boolean matrix is used to compress and store data, and the removal rate is introduced to pruning the data. The double-threshold parallel computing method is used, and then the lifting degree is used to verify it. The Boolean matrix-based posterior dual-threshold power big data Apriori parallel computing method is used to solve the problem of low efficiency of traditional power big data calculation. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm can effectively improve the computational power and computational efficiency of power big data.


Introduction As a key technology for hydrogen supply to fuel cell vehicles, the combination of decalin/naphthalene system has been proposed as an effective hydrogen carrier. In our previous paper [1], it has been revealed that catalytic active sites on Pt/C, which was prepared with the active carbon support treated with NaOH and showed great activities for the dehydrogenation of decalin to naphthalene, are non-metallic Pt species. In the present report, the dehydrogenation of decalin to naphthalene has been investigated on Pt/C, Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/Al(OH)O in order to examine the effects of the supports on the catalytic activities and active sites over those catalysts.


Prior to the October Revolution, the socialist parties of Europe opposed Taylorism as the most modern and ruthless form of capitalist exploitation. In 1913 and 1914, Lenin devoted two articles to this "scientific method of extortion of sweat," which carried the "enslavement of humankind to the machine" to an extreme. "As a result of this method three times more labor is squeezed out of the worker in the same nine to ten hour workday; all the worker's strength is unmercifully roused, everybit of nervous and muscle energy is drained from the slave laborer at three times the speed…. Advances in the spheres of technology and science in capitalist society are but advances in the art of extortion of sweat."


The article is devoted to the problem of computer networks simulation in educational process. The article examines the current state of affairs in this area. The analysis of the existing software for computer networks simulation is performed. The practical example of Cisco Packet Tracer software using for computer network simulation as part of the Computer Networks training course is provided.


The coexistence of synchronous chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM) in a bone marrow of a patient is a very rare occurrence. To our knowledge, only four publications were reported in the English literature. Herein, we describe a 75 year-old gentleman who presented with fatigue and lethargy of 8 weeks duration. He was found to be anemic, with a mild lymphocytosis, decreased renal function, normal calcium level, and conspicuous M-Spike on serum electrophoresis. Furthermore, trephine bone marrow biopsy demonstrated two distinct hematological malignancies: CLL and MM.


Archaeal 16S rDNA clones retrieved from paddy soil DNA were sequeneed, Among 100 clones, 88 clones were assigned to methanogens and nine clones were assigned to crenarchaeota. However, three of the nine clones were phylogenetically far from the cuitured crenarehaeota and closely related te marine planktonic archaea. The other three clones showed extreme]y novel 16S rDNA sequences amd were phylegenetically far from beth Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. This paper reports the ubiquitous presence of


Scalable group key distribution is one of the important problems to support secure multicast for large and dynamic groups. Other challenging issue is how to distribute key reliably despite packet losses in the network. In this paper, we provide gossip-based group key distribution framework, which can achieve scalability and reliability.


Flip-flops and latches are the critical elements contributing in performance of the VLSI circuits. Pulse triggered flip-flop are not complicated in circuitry as they have a single latch design. Explicit pulse triggered flip-flop provides high speed operation due to higher toggle rate.This paper presents an efficient dual edge pulse triggered Flipflop (P-FF) design in terms of power consumption and speed. The Proposed design features pulse generator based on NAND-logic that can be shared among flip-flops to reduce power dissipation and a unique modified true single phase clock latch (TSPC) based on a signal feed-through scheme. The design successfully reduces the transistor sizes in discharging path. Adoption of Conditional discharging technique causes reduction in internal switching activity. The simulations are carried out in tanner tool software using 180nm CMOS Technology. The proposed design provides solution to the long discharging path problem resulting in improved speed and power performance.


This paper presents an approach tomodel the solvent-excluded surface (SES) of 3D protein molecular structures using the geometric PDE-based level-set method. The level-set method embeds the shape of 3D molecular objects as an isosurface or level set corresponding to some isovalue of a scattered dense scalar field, which is saved as a discretely-sampled, rectilinear grid, i.e., a volumetric grid. Our level-set model is described as a class of tri-cubic tensor product B-spline implicit surface with control point values that are the signed distance function. The geometric PDE is evolved in the discrete volume. The geometric PDE we use is the mean curvature specified flow, which coincides with the definition of the SES and is geometrically intrinsic. The technique of speeding up is achieved by use of the narrow band strategy incorporated with a good initial approximate construction for the SES. We get a very desirable approximate surface for the SES. AMS subject classifications: 65D07, 65D10, 65D17, 65D18


Later I read the same books, in the early 2000s. While most management books become out of date and their ideas lose their relevance, in Drucker's books, I was surprised by how much of what he said was still relevant, and how the little questions he posed , are still the right questions. Over a period of time, I have read many, though not all, of his books, and have been struck at his uncanny ability to predict events and trends.


There are currently many classifications of IoT systems, many of which come from the industry and reflect the functional and structural characteristics of the solutions. One of the most popular practical classifications of loT systems is the Postscapes classification, which divides the whole set of solutions into seven different categories ("Smart Home", "Smart Transport", "Smart Healthcare", "Smart Sales", "Smart Transport"). "Smart Home" and "Smart Production" and "Smart City", as well as "Smart Energy".


In the image mosaic process,the RANSAC(Random Sample Consecsus) algorithm of purifying rough matched points has large amount of calculation and low efficiency.In order to improve its efficiency,using pre-test strategy,this paper presents a RANSAC algorithm based on gradient of disparity constraint.The experimental results have shown that the new algorithm improves the efficiency effectively,and does not reduce the accuracy of the algorithm at the same time.


This paper proposes a novel network named CAGAN, which is used for passive non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging. We used the generative adversarial network (GAN) network for image reconstruction in the passive NLOS field for the first time. We introduce a novel module channel-aware feature fusion module (CAFE) and insert it into the backbone network to capture the interdependence among all channels through their similarity. It adaptively highlights important reconstruction information and suppresses background interference factors. The proposed CAGAN is evaluated on the public data set NLOS-Passive, and the results show that CAGAN is superior to the existing methods in SSIM, PSNR, and CSE.


Biogas plants are one of the most stable and cost-effective energy sources. The better volume of produced biogas is used for parallel electricity and heat production in CHP gas engines. The heat from the engine is conveniently used for heating the digester but the additional amount causes lot of problems and is wasted despite its large potential. The inefficiency in energy use is a bottleneck in current biogas production, causing macroeconomic and microeconomic losses and challenges in the context of increasing land use competition. As a major output of the biogas management process research provide by authors, this article was elaborated in order to introduce the results of theoretical heating system analysis.


In recent days, our way of living has been changed more, lead to health consciousness, so health monitoring system is most important part of our life. In this proposed method, an RTOS based Wireless Sensor Network architecture has been developed for the health monitoring. One node acts as central and the others will be a slaves which are used for data acquisition. Data acquisition node uses the Peripheral Interface controller. Communication between two nodes are accomplished through IEEE 802.15. The RTOS is used to allocation resources to users in an orderly manner. The RTOS based technique is to reduce the possibility of collision. This is done by using ARM controller in KEIL and also OrCad tool for schematic design.


The synchronized 12:12 h (L:D) primary leaf movement of Phaseolus vulgaris was profoundly altered by a calcium chelator (EGTA 10 mM). This effect depended strongly on the phase at which this chemical was administered. When EGTA was sprayed on the leaf 8 h after lights-on the upward movement was advanced by 3-6 h. At a critical time point in the middle of the night, (around 17 h after the light-on, 5 h after light-off respectively) EGTA suppressed circadian rhythmicity and promoted an ultradian rhythm. The period of this ultradian rhythm was significantly longer (4.04 ± 0.09 h) in light than in darkness (3 .20 ± 0.13 h), and the amplitude was also higher in light than in darkness.


A semiphenomenological model for high-angle random grain boundaries is constructed, which rests on the assumption that the boundaries have island structure. The free volume of a boundary is taken as a basic model parameter that controls the structure and such quantities as the enthalpy and the entropy of the boundary. Expressions are obtained that give the boundary free energy γ b as a function of the boundary free volume and the crystallographic and thermodynamic parameters of the material. Using experimental data on γ b (T), typical values of the boundary free volume are found for a number of pure metals.


Objectives were to investigate the effects of frame score (FS) and supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of cattle finished on novel endophyte-infected fescue pastures. This 2-yr experiment used 80 Angus-sired, crossbred steers and heifers bred for divergent FS. Cattle were allotted to 5 treatments: 1) non-supplemented small frame (S-NON; FS = 3.0 ± 0.9), 2) supplemented small frame (S-SUPP), 3) non-supplemented large frame (L-NON; FS = 4.7 ± 0.6), 4) supplemented large frame (L-SUPP), and 5) grain-based control feedlot ration (CON; FS = 4.2 ± 0.6; target ADG = 1.36 kg/day). Daily rations were delivered individually using Calan gates. Pasture supplement contained corn gluten feed, a commercially available rumen-protected prilled vegetable fat, and dried molasses fed at 0.5% of BW. Treatments started on 7/8/2019 and 5/21/2020, and ended in November of each yr when cattle were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Results were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with main effects of treatment, sire, sex, yr, and yr x treatment, with contrast statements comparing large vs. small frame, pasture supplemented vs. non-supplemented, and control vs. pasture groups. As expected, CON had greater (P < 0.001) growth performance (final BW and ADG) and carcass characteristics (HCW, subcutaneous fat, marbling, dressing percentage (DRESS%) than pasture groups, and tended to have greater (P=0.053) REA. Relative to pasture groups, CON had greater (P < 0.001) Minolta L* and a* lean tissue values, and decreased (P < 0.001) b* values for fat tissue. While non-supplemented cattle had decreased (P = 0.016) yield grades (YG), supplemented cattle had greater (P < 0.050) final BW, ADG, subcutaneous fat, HCW, marbling, and DRESS% compared to non-supplemented cattle. Small framed cattle tender to have decreased (P = 0.056) YG; but, large framed cattle had greater (P = 0.006) HCW, and tended (P = 0.060) to have greater ultrasound subcutaneous fat. Results support low-level supplementation in pasture-finishing systems to improve carcass value.


Study reveals quantitative measurements of the diffusion of trace gases /Freon and helium/ injected into systems by different methods. Results show that uniform mixing does not always occur, thus evaluation of the system under test and establishment of the method of trace gas injection are mandatory.


The introduction of policy instruments such as the Right to Buy (RTB) led to prophecies of the demise of the welfare state in Western Europe. Yet it is increasingly apparent that a welfare state will survive, albeit in a restructured form. This paper examines the place of RTB in the restructuring of social rented housing in the UK and accounts for recent changes to it. A new politics of RTB has arisen from the restructuring of social housing. As the politics of welfare shifted its focus from the scale of welfare provision to reorganising, adjusting and 'modernising' what remained, RTB came into question. This, along with political devolution, has created a new set of conditions that have called RTB into question in different parts of the UK while paradoxically it continues to be widely perceived as inviolable. RTB now occupies an ambiguous and slightly troublesome position as a feature of a residualised social rented sector that is more secure in its role of meeting social needs, as well as being seen to provide a route to owner occupation.


Course Overview: This course gives the student an introduction to the eXtensible Markup Language, or XML, and to the XML Schema standard for defining document type information. It is geared towards students who desire a working knowledge of XML for the purpose of managing data stores using XML documents, and especially for those working with relational database systems and XML. The course presents what might be called " Pure XML " , by which we mean two things. Firstly, everything in the course is based strictly on W3C specifications, without any vendor-specific extensions. Secondly, no knowledge of any particular programming language or other external technology is required to participate fully in the course. Thus the hands-on exercises, and the knowledge that is developed, are portable and applicable to any XML authoring or development effort The first module introduces XML, giving an overview of its use in the industry and motivations for adoption. The basic grammar of well-formed XML documents is studied, including proper use of attributes, empty elements, mixed content, and nested elements. Then students move on to valid XML, learning to write DTDs and XML documents that will validate against the DTDs. This includes work with various attribute types such as enumerations, IDs and IDREFs. Students learn the limitations of the DTD grammar, and also techniques for working around those limitations using entities to express data designs effectively. Then the new XML Schema recommendation is considered. Students review the shortcomings of the DTD for expressing type information, and learn how to use XML Schema to create strict document models. Schema data types and structures are studied, allowing precise grammar and validation rules to be defined for document content. A second module on XML Schema treats advanced topics. Students learn to populate one or more target namespaces with type information. Derived types are studied in depth, with a focus on developing effective patterns and strategies for type reuse. The module also discusses XML document and schema design from the perspective of relational data as well as non-relational content such as books and Web sites.


A facile approach for the synthesis of iron oxide@Ag core–shell nanoparticles in which iron oxide microspheres serve as the core and the shell consists of silver nanoparticles has been reported. Thermal decomposition of silver acetate at 200 °C in the presence of iron oxide microspheres in diphenyl ether leads to the formation of iron oxide@Ag core–shell nanoparticles. The core–shell nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements. The catalytic activity of iron oxide@Ag core–shell nanoparticles has been demonstrated by using two reactions, namely, reduction of 4-nitrophenol and reduction of methylene blue in aqueous solution.


fast method of making fish fillets marinated cold starting with a cleaning step in which head and viscera removed, after which it is passed to a phase filleting wherein the skin is removed. The steaks are placed in a drum maceration under vacuum in a brine solution at low pressure during a first short period and then the atmospheric pressure is restored, the product remaining immersed in said solution a second period. The compression and expansion of the trapped air permits the exchange of internal gas by external liquid due to pressure changes in the porous structure. Then fillets are introduced, together with a liquid medium, in impermeable containers vacuum and stored refrigerated, maintaining all their qualities for a period exceeding one month. The use of vacuum for marinating allows to reduce greatly the process and, moreover, both the vacuum packaging as the use of brine help control the oxidative process and improve the organoleptic qualities of the product.


Objective
To explore the effect of nurse-led family support on self-care ability and quality of life in meningioma patients after surgery.

Methods
70 patients who underwent meningioma surgery in our hospital from July 2017 to June 2018 were selected as subjects. According to the chronological order, the patients were divided into the control group (July to December 2017, 36 cases) and the observation group (January to June 2018, 34 cases). Both groups were given routine care during the perioperative period and discharge guidance, and the observation group was given nurse-led family support based on this. After 3 months of follow-up, the self-care ability of the two groups was evaluated by the Exercise of Self-Care Agency scale (ESCA), and the quality of life of the two groups was evaluated by the Short Form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36).

Results
33 patients were followed up in each group. The ESCA score in the observation group [(130.50±18.42)] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(117.48±16.25)] (P<0.05). The scores of physiological function, emotional function, social function, and overall health in the observation group were (89.32±6.15), (85.32±6.76), (87.32±5.93), (86.34±8.51), which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(82.47±7.82), (77.59±7.28), (75.84±6.75), (78.56±7.83)] (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Nurse-led family support can help improve the self-care ability of patients with meningiomas and improve their quality of life.

Key words:
Meningioma; Postoperative; Nurse-led; Family support; Self-care ability; Quality of life


Summary Large numbers of germinating seedlings of two rice cultivars exhibited d- type development consisting solely of completely white coleoptile growth after 15 days in the light in both static and periodically stirred water environments in completely sealed jars. Thus, whether germinated in static or agitated water in the sealed environments, coleoptile greening and subsequent normal seedling development were inhibited by hypoxic stress caused by the large numbers of germinating rice seedlings competing for the limited environmental oxygen supply. Consequently, the evidence presented points away from the formation of unfavourable oxygen diffusion gradients in static water environments in the sealed jars as having been responsible for d type seedling development observed in previous investigations. Continuous aeration of the 15-day-old static and periodically stirred aquatic environments, respectively, resulted in complete reversal of all d seedlings into normal green plants.


An efficient strategy for carbazole synthesis from arylureas and cyclohexanones under transition metal-free conditions has been developed. The combined use of potassium iodide and iodine could significantly improve the reaction efficiency to provide 2,6-disubstituted 9-arylcarbazoles in moderate to good yields. In this kind of transformation, the whole carbazole moiety (except the nitrogen atom) comes from two equivalents of cyclohexanones.


This is the introductory chapter of Beyond Caste , which has two goals. Its central aim is to present a new, historically informed understanding of the working of South Asian state and society through the past millennium; the secondary one is to provide the basis for a comparative understanding of the long-run processes of ethnic politics in this area as it came to modernity and experienced modern forms of state power. A caste society uniquely knots many strands at the same corporate nexus. The disciplinary move from the structural-functional study of the "isolated" tribe to the analysis of interacting ethnic groups noted by Thomas Eriksen, was pioneered in the 1950s by the political anthropologist Fredrik Barth working in the western borderlands of the Indian subcontinent. This book briefly reviews their status after half a century of active debate and scrutiny. Keywords:caste; ethnic groups; Fredrik Barth; South Asian state; state power


Simple Summary The protein kinase C (PKC) family belongs to serine-threonine kinases and consists of several subtypes. Increasing evidence suggests that PKCs are critical players in carcinogenesis. Interestingly, PKCs exert both promotive and suppressive effects on tumor cell growth and metastasis, which have attracted immense attention. Herein, we systematically review the current advances in the structure, regulation and biological functions of PKCs, especially the relationship of PKCs with anti-cancer therapy-induced cell death, including the current knowledge of PKCs function in tumor metabolism and microenvironment. Moreover, we discuss the potential role of PKCs as a target for therapeutic intervention in cancer from basic research and clinical trials. Abstract Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, a group of serine-threonine kinases, are important regulators in carcinogenesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that PKC isoforms exert both positive and negative effects on cancer cell demise. In this review, we systematically summarize the current findings on the architecture, activity regulation and biological functions of PKCs, especially their relationship with anti-cancer therapy-induced cell death. Additionally, we elaborate on current knowledge of the effects of PKCs on tumor metabolism and microenvironment, which have gained increasing attention in oncology-related areas. Furthermore, we underscore the basic experimental and clinical implications of PKCs as a target for cancer therapy to evaluate their therapeutic benefits and potential applications.


Escherichia coli is the major organism causing the urinary tract infection, wound infection and respiratory tract infection. A total of 2376 samples of urine, wound swab and sputum were analyzed for identification of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from 357 [15%] samples. Majority of the E.coli, 307 [85.9%], were obtained from the urine samples, followed by wound swab [8.4%] and sputum [5.6%]. High degree of resistance was observed for nalidixic acid [92.8%] followed by ceftriaxone [65.7%] and cotrimoxazole [64.6%]. The isolates were highly sensitive to imipenem (100%) followed by nitrofurantoin [90.3%] and amikacin [82.1%].


The refractory behavior of a multiple nonlinear node model of mammalian myclinated nerve fibers is studied. It is shown that the model predicts the occurence of abortive spikes towards the end of the absolute refractory period and that both the spike amplitude and the spike conduction velocity depend on the stimulus repetition rate. It is concluded that impulse conduction properties rather than the frequency following behavior of a single node determine the firing properties at high stimulus rates.


We make a deep study of 3-D resistivity inversion, and propose a practical algorithm of 3-D inversion. Using the finite difference method to solve the 3-D forward problem. We have properly improved the elements of roughness matrix in order to form the roughness matrix in different cases, setting up the inversion equation under the condition that the total roughness of the model is minimum. We use the least-squares QR factorization (LSQR) algorithm, which is fast and stable, to solve inversion equations. The LSQR algorithm only requires the result of the derivative matrix and its transpose multiplying vectors. Therefore we avoid direct and complicated computations of the derivative matrix. This approach reduces the need for computer memory, and speeds the inversion calculation. Two different calculation examples show that this approach is very efficacious for solving large scale 3-D resistivity inversion.


Taking Hanyang lake area as a case study,a landscape ecological theory was used for the water system designs.The case study indicated that the theory of landscape ecology was very suitable for the landscape designing of city water systems in the rapid urbanization areas.


In this paper we extend the time-scale separation redesign for stabilization and performance recovery of uncertain nonlinear systems proposed in and to systems with input unmodeled dynamics. The class of unmodeled dynamics studied are relative degree zero and minimum phase. We design two sets of high gain filters - the first to estimate the uncertain input to the plant over a fast time-scale, and the second to force this estimate to converge to the nominal input on an intermediate time-scale. The control input then acts over the slow time-scale and guarantees that the closed-loop trajectories approach those of the nominal system.


An oxygen enrichment type synthesis gas combustion apparatus is provided to reduce the generation rate of pollution element by reacting imperfect combustion material with oxidizing agent such as oxygen. An oxygen enrichment type synthesis gas combustion apparatus comprises: a synthesis gas inlet part(111); a combustion path(110) which provides combustion gas outlet in combustion gar discharging port; a combustion burner(120) which ignites the synthesis gas; and an oxygen inlet for the oxygen mixing with the synthesis gar inside combustion path. The combustion path comprises an air supply pipe(140) or oxygen providing pipe(150) for supplying air or oxygen.


Abstract Background Cryptococcal meningitis is an opportunistic fungal infection associated with HIV and other forms of immunosuppression. We lack a clear understanding of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) among HIV-negative patients in the United States. Our aim was to compare clinical features and outcomes across HIV status in patients with laboratory-confirmed cryptococcal meningitis. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with laboratory-confirmed (positive culture or antigen test) cryptococcal disease treated at a tertiary care center from January 2000 to September 2018. Patients were identified via local laboratory and TrinetX datasets. Data were gathered on demographics, HIV status, site of infection, clinical presentation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profiles, hospital course, and mortality. Organ transplant recipients and/or non-meningeal infections were excluded. Results Seventy patients with cryptococcal disease were identified. Our final sample included 36 CM patients with a mean age of 48.8 ± 13.2 years; 66.7% (n = 24) had HIV. Median (IQR) absolute CD4 count for the HIV group was 35/μL (10–80/μL). Non-HIV patients were significantly older (P < 0.001) and had higher rates of altered mental status (AMS) on presentation (58.3% vs. 25%, P = 0.05). There was no significant variation in temperature, blood pressure, white blood cell count, serum sodium, or CSF opening pressure. Non-HIV patients had significantly higher CSF cell count (P = 0.02) and protein (P < 0.001), and lower glucose (P = 0.005) compared with HIV patients. There was no significant variation in length of stay or rates of intensive care unit admission. Overall, 90-day all-cause mortality was 19.4%: mortality rates were significantly higher in non-HIV patients at both 90 days (P = 0.017) and one year (P = 0.047). Conclusion Compared with individuals with HIV, non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis patients have a more inflammatory CSF profile at the time of diagnosis, higher rates of AMS on presentation, and higher rates of 90-day and 1-year all-cause mortality. We postulate that reversible immunosuppression among HIV patients may partially explain these findings. Further research is needed to identify hallmarks of cryptococcal meningitis in non-HIV patients to facilitate early intervention. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


The details of this pore structure change the interaction of these polymers with water and thus their selective transport properties for ions and small molecules. This talk will provide details on the ionic nanopore structure in different types of ion-containing membranes and describe the structureproperty relationships for these types of materials. The work will provide insights on the mechanisms by which these membranes transport different species and provide guidance for the design of next-generation materials by considering how the ions attached to the polymer backbone self-assemble to form ionic pores. Discussion The pores in proton exchange membranes are water-filled domains that are lined with sulfonic acid groups. These water-filled domains are where the ion and small molecule transport occurs through the membrane. By studying the ionic domain characteristics and how water interacts with the domain structure, the mechanisms by which these types of materials function in a specific application can be understood. Polyaromatic membranes generally show lower proton conductivity than poly(perfluorosulfonic) acid (PFSA) membranes due to their smaller and less organized ionic domains. 2 Additionally, polyaromatic membranes, such as poly(sulfone)s have higher water-polymer interactions than PFSAs and therefore the proton transport is suppressed. However, these same mechanisms that lower conductivity in poly(sulfone) membranes, drastically decrease their methanol transport. 3 Therefore, a disorganized ionic pore structure may be advantageous in some applications depending upon the desired properties. The pore structure of these types of membranes can be tuned by modifications to the polymer backbone structure. Stiffer-chained polymers tend to prevent large-scale clustering of ions and therefore have smaller domains and lower transport properties. PFSAs, by virtue of their flexible backbone structure, have larger ionic domains, which promotes fast transport in the ionic pore structure. Conclusions By modifying the ionic pore structure of proton exchange membranes and other types of ion-containing polymers, the transport properties of these materials can be tuned for a specific application. The ionic pore size, shape, and connectivity affects the pathways for species transport in these materials so new properties can be achieved by modifying how the ions assemble in the solid state. A robust understanding of the nanophase domain formation in these materials facilitates fundamental knowledge of how their molecular structure influences the ultimate properties of the membrane and what design guidelines can be used to create materials for targeted applications.


Education aims to develop the potential of students to become quality human resources. The implementation of education takes place in a learning activity. Through the learning process there will be changes, development, progress, both in terms of physical, motoric, intellectual, social emotional and attitudes and values. One of the abilities that must be developed is the analytical and reasoning skills of students, because it will be used in solving problems in everyday life. This article aims to analyze an effective learning model to improve the analytical and reasoning skills of students. This research is a literature study. Analysis of effective learning models to improve the analytical and reasoning power of students is drawn from various references and research results. It was found that one of the learning models that can improve analytical and reasoning skills is the problem-based learning model. Problem-based learning uses a variety of intelligences needed to confront the real world. Problem-based learning is an innovation in learning because in PBL the thinking ability of students is really optimized through a systematic group or team work process so that students can empower, hone, test and develop their thinking skills on an ongoing basis.


Purpose: To test the hypothesis that treatment‐induced white matter injury assessed by diffusiontensorimaging (DTI) is uniform across sub‐regions of the normal appearing brainstem. Methods: We analyzed serial DTI data, acquired before radiation/chemotherapy and over 4–6 years of follow‐up, from 11 pediatric patients (age 5‐16 years) with medulloblastoma. FSL4.1 software (FMRIB, Oxford, UK) was used to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean, axial, and radial diffusivities. For a consistent identification of regions of interest (ROIs), parametric maps of each patient were transformed to a standard brain space (ICBM), on which we identified motor (corticospinal tract, CST) and sensory (medial lemiscus, ML) tracts in the pons and transverse pontine fibers (TPF) involved in coordination. Temporal changes of DTI parameters in ROIs were evaluated using a linear mixed effect model. Results: Therapy‐induced white matter injury was marked by a decline in FA at 1–3 years after treatment. The decline was often accompanied by decreased axial diffusivity and/or increased radial diffusivity. This implied axonal damage and demyelination. We observed that the magnitude of the changes was not always uniform across sub‐regions of the brainstem. Specifically, the changes in DTI parameters for TPF were more pronounced than in other regions (p 0.08 for all parameters). Conclusions: These results indicate that fiber tract sensitivity to radiation effect may be associated with the type and function of fiber tracts and support a role for tract‐based assessment in radiation treatment planning and evaluation of treatment response.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to connector to be used in displays which include the display frame formed with a number of beams connected to each other by means of differently directed nodal fittings and display panels attached to the beams so that they can be disconnected. Connector includes bar part having support surface, bar branching out of support surface and head containing four projections which are diverted to lateral sides from the bar where each projection has guide surface that is inclined in direction to support surface of bar part from bar to external edge of head; and enveloping part having a wall with inner surface and outer support surface and with a hole that is made so that the head of bar part can go through it and that provides the possibility of turning the bar being in contact with support surface of bar part with outer support surface of wall; at that, inner surface of wall is profiled so that it can be engaged with the above projections when bar part is turned inside the hole. Hole of enveloping part is of cross shape, and each of opposite surfaces of the wall and projections is equipped with a pair of opposite directed inclined platforms which act so that reliable pressure and fit of connector can be provided when bar part is turned inside the hole, and they allow the bar part to be turned in any direction for engagement of enveloping part. EFFECT: providing better fixation reliability of beams between each other. 15 cl, 10 dwg


Abstract : The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing a Large Area Scanning and Surveillance Optical System (LASSOS) for identifying and tracking low detectable manned and unmanned aircraft. The system employs altitude- azimuth swept Optical sensors to scan the surrounding airspace and give timely warning of pre- attack targeting operations. Due to their size and standoff distances, the smallest of these aircraft present very small sensor footprints, requiring high- resolution, high- data scans which must be processed in real time. Given packaging size and weight constraints and given the image feature- extraction nature of the sensor data processing problem, NRL is investigating the GPU technology for the high- computational- load front end of the processing chain.


One of the insidious biological features of gliomas is their potential to extensively invade normal brain tissue, yet molecular mechanisms that dictate this locally invasive behavior remain poorly understood. To investigate the molecular basis of invasion by malignant gliomas, proteomic analysis was performed using a pair of canine glioma subclones – J3T‐1 and J3T‐2 – that show different invasion phenotypes in rat brains but have similar genetic backgrounds. Two‐dimensional protein electrophoresis of whole‐cell lysates of J3T‐1 (angiogenesis‐dependent invasion phenotype) and J3T‐2 (angiogenesis‐independent invasion phenotype) was performed. Twenty‐two distinct spots were recognized when significant alteration was defined as more than 1.5‐fold change in spot intensity between J3T‐1 and J3T‐2. Four proteins that demonstrated increased expression in J3T‐1, and 14 proteins that demonstrated increased expression in J3T‐2 were identified using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis. One of the proteins identified was annexin A2, which was expressed at higher levels in J3T‐1 than in J3T‐2. The higher expression of annexin A2 in J3T‐1 was corroborated by quantitative RT‐PCR of the cultured cells and immunohistochemical staining of the rat brain tumors. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of human glioblastoma specimens showed that annexin A2 was expressed at high levels in the tumor cells that formed clusters around dilated vessels. These results reveal differences in the proteomic profiles between these two cell lines that might correlate with their different invasion profiles. Thus, annexin A2 may be related to angiogenesis‐dependent invasion.


Under optimal condition, the linear range for the determination of NO 2 - was 1.0×10 -9 g/mL~1.0×10 -5 g/mL with detection limit of 5.0×10 -11 g/mL and relative standard deviation of 1.8 %~3.2 %( n =11). It was applied to the determination of trace nitrite in water samples of the environment with satisfactory results.


Image steganography is a technique for embedding the data inside a cover image. It is a technique in which a stego image is sent to the intended recipient in such a way that no third party can detect the existence of the secret data. Most of the existing methods hide data inside the randomly selected pixels without considering the nearby pixel values. Therefore chances for hiding data inside the smooth regions of the image are high. In this paper, data is hidden inside the edge boundaries of an image by an edge adaptive scheme to improve the symmetry between cover image and stego image. Tree Based Parity Check (TBPC) with Least Significant Bit Matching Revisited (LSBMR) algorithm is used to embed data inside the cover image in a secured manner. The proposed system is evaluated using the quality metrics like Mean Squared Error, PSNR and Embedding Capacity.


P medicine is an evolving field that has become increasingly collaborative. As surgical patients become older and their conditions more complex, surgeons routinely consult hospitalists for medical care. As the field of hospital medicine moves into its third decade, it is worthwhile to reflect on the evolution of cardiovascular risk stratification and risk reduction measures, and to look toward the future.


This thesis examines if commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) systems meet the needs in different types of organizations. This was investigated through a case study of a COTS system. The system is built f ...


On the basis of the two-dimensional linear quadratic (2DLQ) optimal control developed in the first paper of this series, systematical design and analysis of optimal iterative learning control (ILC) schemes are developed in this paper. The structure analysis indicates that the resulting optimal ILC laws are the combination of 2D ILC and 2D state feedback control optimized in a 2D sense. The proposed 2D based design methods not only result in a unified design of these two types of control but also allow easy extension of 2D information for better/balanced performance in terms of both time and batches. To avoid state measurement/estimation, a state-space realization based on input-output information is presented. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed schemes are illustrated with velocity control in injection molding.


We investigate the operation of a power-symmetric NOLM made of a symmetrical coupler, highly twisted fiber and a QWR located asymmetrically in the loop wich can be used in mode-locked fiber laser as saturable absorber.


ABSTRACT Things can change quickly in life. The security of one moment can quickly become impermanent before we have a chance to realize it. This is certainly the case with the crisis that has resulted from the global outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19). Millions of people globally have been infected, and thousands have already died from the outbreak. The general public is advised to remain socially distant from one another and to regularly wash their hands. The global economy has gone into freefall, and a recession, if not a depression, now seems likely. Panic buying in the shops is common practice. No one knows what tomorrow holds.


Now-a-days organizations use many more databases for their day to day operations. These tremendous amounts of databases have been accessed on the web in HTML form. When a query is submitted to the search interface these web pages are retrieved. The data units extracted from the stored database are merged into the pages dynamically and results are shown on the webpages. So for this annotation approach is used. In this it first aligns the data units into different groups in a way that data in the same group have the same meaning. Annotation label is assigned to each group on the basis of different annotators. An annotation wrapper is constructed in order to annotate the new results in same database without performing the whole annotation process. Database is going to increase in order to search more terms and to get more results.


Laser melting treatment with different incident angles was carried out by using HL-1500 CO2 laser processing machine on 40Cr steel.The microstructure and properties were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,microhardness meter,potentiostat and abrasive-wear tester.The results indicate that the melted layer was composed of surface,middle layer and transition layer.As the incident angle increasing,the melted layer microstructure became coarser.With increasing the laser incident angle,the microhardness of the melted layer gradually decreased,the depth of the melted layer became shallower and the wear resistance showed decreasing trend.The corrosion resistance of laser melting layer was improved.


Maclean et al. (1976) applied a specific Box-Cox transformation to test for mixtures of distributions against a single distribution. Their null hypothesis is that a sample of n observations is from a normal distribution with unknown mean and variance after a restricted Box-Cox transformation. The alternative is that the sample is from a mixture of two normal distributions, each with unknown mean and unknown, but equal, variance after another restricted Box-Cox transformation. We developed a computer program that calculated the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) and likelihood ratio test (LRT) statistic for the above. Our algorithm for the calculation of the MLEs of the unknown parameters used multiple starting points to protect against convergence to a local rather than global maximum. We then simulated the distribution of the LRT for samples drawn from a normal distribution and five Box-Cox transformations of a normal distribution. The null distribution appeared to be the same for the Box-Cox transformations studied and appeared to be distributed as a chi-square random variable for samples of 25 or more. The degrees of freedom parameter appeared to be a monotonically decreasing function of the sample size. The null distribution of this LRT appeared to converge to a chi-square distribution with 2.5 degrees of freedom. We estimated the critical values for the 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01 levels of significance.


In this conceptual essay, the author argues that bad faith is a valuable concept in understanding and challenging racism in higher education. The philosopher Lewis Gordon argues that racism is a manifestation of bad faith. For the actor who sees Black people as less than human, for example, no evidence will allow the actor to see otherwise. Bad faith is the disavowal of any disconfirming evidence which allows actors to maintain their worldviews. The author draws from high profile examples of racism in higher education as conceptual cases to make his argument. Specifically, the author demonstrates how attacks upon Critical Race Theory in education, the currency of critiques of microaggressions research, and the perennial difficulty to name racist violence on campus as hate crimes operate upon a logic of racism through bad faith.


This paper studies the computational offloading of CNN inference in dynamic multi-access edge computing (MEC) networks. To address the uncertainties in communication time and Edge servers' available capacity, we use early-exit mechanism to terminate the computation earlier to meet the deadline of inference tasks. We design a reward function to trade off the communication, computation and inference accuracy, and formu-late the offloading problem of CNN inference as a maximization problem with the goal of maximizing the average inference accuracy and throughput in long term. To solve the maxi-mization problem, we propose a graph reinforcement learning-based early-exit mechanism (GRLE), which outperforms the state-of-the-art work, deep reinforcement learning-based online offloading (DROO) and its enhanced method, DROO with early-exit mechanism (DROOE), under different dynamic scenarios. The experimental results show that G RLE achieves the average accuracy up to 3.41 x over graph reinforcement learning (GRL) and 1.45x over DROOE, which shows the advantages of GRLE for offloading decision-making in dynamic MEC.


The embodiment of the invention provides a method for selecting objects and electronic equipment corresponding to the method for selecting objects. The method for selecting objects provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to the electronic equipment, and the method comprises the following steps of: displaying an operation interface in which a plurality of objects are included; obtaining the display position of each object in the operation interface; in an object-selecting state, detecting the corresponding first movement track of a first operation body in the operation interface and during the process from contacting the touch induction area of the electronic equipment to leaving from the touch induction area; determining the selected objects according to the display positions of the plurality of objects and the first movement track, and taking the objects with the display positions through which the first movement track passes as the selected objects; and displaying prompt information which is used for prompting the quantity of the selected objects with the movement of the first operation body in the touch induction area during the period of detecting the first movement track.


We propose a cycle‐resolved dynamic model for combustion instabilities in spark‐ignition engines operating with high levels of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). We account for the complex combustion response to cycle‐to‐cycle feedback by utilizing a global probability distribution that describes the pre‐spark state of in‐cylinder fuel mixing. The proposed model does a good job of simulating combustion instabilities observed in both lean‐fueling engine experiments and in experiments where nitrogen dilution is used to simulate some of the combustion inhibition of EGR. When used to simulate high internal EGR operation, the model exhibits a range of global bifurcations and chaos that appear to be very robust. We use the model to show that it should be possible to reduce high EGR combustion instabilities by switching from internal to external EGR.


Chinas accession to the WTO must bring the enormous assaulting and rare opportunity to the logistics development. As a mediumsized city locating in the hinterland lowdeveloped area in Three Gorges reservoir area, Wanzhou has the position advantage richly endowed by nature, especially with the key element to develop the modern logistics. So, it is a strategic choice of the Three Gorges reservoir area to develop the logistics.


The key factors of long distance road traffic safety were explained by means of analyze the test result of drivers' psychological and physiological characteristics,drivers' fatigued symptom were synthesize analyzed,use the grey correlation analysis a plot about the internal relations of drivers' psychological and physiological characteristics and continuity drive time were made,combine place condition of the road's facilities,the paper gain a more rational locate method of the forcible rest place.In terms to explain the method more clearly,a road's safety proves project was used as an example.


The recent creation of European Higher Education Area has entailed the appearance of many different master's degrees, especially in the engineering and technology field. As a consequence, the students which gain admission to those master's degrees come from different previous studies. This fact makes more difficult to develop an adequate learning and teaching process in the first year subjects of the master's degrees, because the knowledge of the students in the specific area is usually not uniform, so it is necessary to cover the possible lacks of this knowledge in part of the students, designing a personalized learning process. An example of this situation in the new master's degrees is the Geological Engineering master's degree at University of Alicante (Spain), because students with many different degrees can matriculate in it, like Geology degree, Geological Engineering degree, Civil Engineering degree and Mining Engineering degree. In this manuscript, the experience in that regard related to the subject "Geotechnical Structures Technology" during the last three academic years is shown. This subject belongs to the 1 course of the abovementioned Geological Engineering master's degree at University of Alicante (Spain), and it has a total of 4.5 ECTS. When this master started, there was no previous experience of a similar subject at the University of Alicante, so the learning and teaching methodology was designed from the ground up. In this subject, in general the design of reinforced concrete foundations and their connection with the rest of the structure of buildings, tunnels, bridges, etc., are explained, as well as some types of steel foundations. As a consequence, the students need a wide previous knowledge related to reinforced concrete and steel structures. The master's students with a Civil Engineering degree have a good preparation to face the subject. However, the master's students with a Geology degree or Mining Engineering one used to have an important lack of this basic knowledge. Moreover, it is frequent that foreign students come to University of Alicante to study Geological Engineering master's degree, which increases the heterogeneity of the group. Then, the subject "Geotechnical Structures Technology" has been designed using a personalized learning methodology depending on the previous formation of each student. For student's with enough previous knowledge, the exercises and contents are more advanced from the beginning than for ones which have some lacks, whose learning starts in a slower way but at the end of the course, they achieve a similar level to the rest of the students. Finally, the results of using this personalized learning methodology have been successful until now. Furthermore, this methodology also motivates the involved students, facilitating the development of different skills, which constitutes an added value.


As the main position of training talents, universities play an extremely important role in the process of College Students' growth and success." The proposing and the development of the "Belt and Road Initiative" strategy provides a hitherto unknown opportunities and challenges for the cultivation of talents in Colleges and universities. Single, professional occupation China western traditional college students can not meet the construction of "The Belt and Road Initiative" strategy needs. Therefore, western universities should be combined the local characteristics with geographical advantages, intensify training of "The Belt and Road" strategic talents. Through school enterprise cooperation, international cooperation, communication, improve the level of software and hardware, strengthen the ideological and political education efforts and other measures to further deepen the cultivation of "The Belt and Road Initiative" talents in western universities, enhance the cultural soft power". During the visit of southeast Asia and central Asia in September and October in 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward a major initiative((hereafter referred to as "the Belt and Road") about jointly building "the silk road economic belt" and "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" respectively. As a major strategic decision of the central party committee and the state council for the overall planning of the international and domestic patterns, "the Belt and Road" has profound significance in building new open economy system, developing a new pattern of all-round opening up that is coordinated by both China and the west and both the ocean and continent, achieving the two centenary goal, realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and promoting world prosperity and development and peace and stability. [1] The Influence of "the Belt and Road" on the Talent Cultivation in Western Colleges and