Background: PPARGC1A gene mediates expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and is regarded as a prominent candidate gene governing the effect of milk fat in dairy bovines. The study was planned to identify DNA polymorphisms in the PPARGC1A gene in Gaolao Cattle and to find their association with milk production traits in Gaolao cattle. Methods: The blood was collected from 224 purebred Gaolao cattle from farm and field along with test day milk from each cow for estimating milk components. Genomic DNA was assessed using phenol-chloroform extraction method and Kits. PCR-RFLP, PCR-SSCP and direct DNA sequencing methods were used to identify polymorphism.
Result: PPARGC1AG1- NheI locus of 3ʹUTR region were polymorphic with allele frequency for A alleles as 0.84 and for allele B as 0.16. In studied animals, significant differences were not observed for milk traits between genotypes at PPARGC1A-NheI locus. The analysis at PPARGC1AG4-SSCP revealed no significant differences in milk traits; however sequencing revealed SNP. PPARGC1AG1- NheI genotype-based sequencing revealed T greater than C SNP at 263rd position 02 computational SNPs viz; C-T at 263rd position and A-T at 268th position. The identified variation at the PPARGC1A gene may aid in identifying associations for development of markers for selection and genetic improvement.


Hypothetical non-gravitational elastic scattering between dark matter particles (self interacting dark matter, SIDM hereafter) is known to alter the density distribution of dark matter haloes to a flat cored profile. We developed an analytical model that describe the time evolution of SIDM halo profiles from cuspy to flat ones in aCDM universe. The model is shown to agree with cosmological N-body simulations with Monte Carlo SIDM scattering. With this model and halo merger trees extracted from collisionless N-body simulations, we compute the statistical distribution of SIDM halo properties, in a semianalytical fashion. Our model enables us to obtain this statistical ensemble without running high resolution Monte Carlo N-body simulations, which can only probe one cross section parameter at a time. The results show that SIDM alone does not explain the wide diversity of central densities and core radii of dark matter dominated dwarf and LSB galaxies seen in observations of rotation curves. Comparison with an observed cuspy density profile of a cluster of galaxies constrains the velocity independent scattering cross section per mass to be � < 0:3cm 2 g 1 .


Abstract Let A be a C*-algebra and let I be a C*-subalgebra of A. Denote by an extension of a state φ of B to a state of A. It is shown that I is an ideal of A if and only if there exists a homomorphism Q from A** onto I** such that Q is the identity map on I** and for every state φ on I. Furthermore it is also shown that I is an essential ideal of A if and only if there exists an injective homomorphism from A into the multiplier algebra of I which is the identity map on I.


Simple Summary Under intensive aquaculture conditions, fish are subjected to a wide variety of stressors, making fish prone to suffering chronic stress and impairing fish growth performance and immune response. Fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) replacement by raw terrestrial materials may induce nutritional imbalances, leading to a chronic stress status and oxidative stress processes. The functional ingredients have been profiled as suitable candidates to face these negative side effects by reinforcing fish immune response, attenuating fish stress response and reducing fish oxidative stress. The present study evaluates the effects of two different functional ingredients, plant origin galactomannan-oligosaccharides (GMOS) and a mixture of garlic and labiate plant essential oils (PHYTO), as potential boosters of gill endogenous antioxidant capacity in European sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles fed low-FM/FO-based diets. After a confinement stress challenge (C challenge) or confinement combined with an in vivo infection with the pathogen Vibrio anguillarum (CI challenge), the functional ingredients induced a controlled pro-inflammatory response against the stressor. The functional ingredients attenuated fish stress response, leading to a stable energy metabolism and an ameliorated antioxidant status, altogether indicating the potential of both functional additives to reduce the associated negative effects of stress in European sea bass fed a low-FM/FO diet. Abstract The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential of two functional additives as gill endogenous antioxidant capacity boosters in European sea-bass juveniles fed low-FM/FO diets when challenged against physical and biological stressors. For that purpose, two isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets with low FM (10%) and FO (6%) contents were supplemented with 5000 ppm plant-derived galactomannan–oligosaccharides (GMOS) or 200 ppm of a mixture of garlic and labiate plant essential oils (PHYTO). A control diet was void from supplementation. Fish were fed the experimental diet for nine weeks and subjected to a confinement stress challenge (C challenge) or a confinement stress challenge combined with an exposure to the pathogen Vibrio anguillarum (CI challenge). Both GMOS and PHYTO diets attenuated fish stress response, inducing lower circulating plasma cortisol and down-regulating nfκβ2 and gr relative gene-expression levels in the gill. This attenuated stress response was associated with a minor energetic metabolism response in relation to the down-regulation of nd5 and coxi gene expression.


This paper consists of 93 interviews conducted per telephone with the managing director of each firm. The empirical base consists of high performing firms and low performing firms in different indu ...


PURPOSE: To enable writing and erasing for an organic optical medium by inducing double refraction in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of a first state of a thin film by means of a first linearly polarized light so as to write data to the thin film, then erasing the film by means of a second linear ly polarized light where cancellation is performed by directing the polarized light at 90 deg.. CONSTITUTION: A device 10 is constituted of an argon laser 14, a helium-neon laser 16, a polarizer 18 and a detector 20. Since an angle α between two lasers is small being generally equal to below 5 deg., the polarizer 18 and the detector 20 enable detecting double reflection in the film 12 in the direction indicated by an arrow 22. When polarized light is rotated by 90 deg. by the configuration, double refraction induced along the direction indicated by the arrow 22 is erased and an optical axis being perpendicular as against the surface of the film 12 is re-generated in the film 12 so that the polarizer 18 and the detector 20 prevent light from the helium-neon laser 16 from passing through. Therefore, writing and erasing are enabled even as against smectic liquid forming amphiphilic substance and a nonionic water soluble polymn.


In this talk Tammy will briefly connect participants virtually to the conference site through tracing her own entree into Computer Science as a woman of color in North Carolina, sharing ways community experiences played pivotal roles. More broadly, she will share research insights from her research that illustrate the pivotal role of communities for STEM learning and that point to ways to mobilize communities to support such learning. Lastly, she will share some examples of STEM and computing learning environments that draw upon inherent characteristics of communities to promote life-relevant STEM learning.


Abstract In 1934, Léon-Gontran Damas travelled from France to his native land of Guyana, having been commissioned by the Trocadero museum (now the Musée de l'Homme) to write an ethnographic report about the descendants of the slave maroon population who lived in the rainforest. In addition, the young ethnographer decried the French colonial administration with notes which were later compiled to form published journalistic essays, and eventually Retour de Guyane in 1938. Damas's well-known quotation '[. . .] coloniser la Guyane ou l'évacuer' served as a sarcastic remark aimed at France to encourage his own vision for Guyana: 'Il faut libérer la terre et la faire fructifier'. By contrast, Black-Label (1956) displayed a fictional intoxicated narrator's historical and transnational consideration of the situation of black diasporic migrants. This article explores how colonialism and its legacies are evoked through the imagination of wilderness and civilization in Retour de Guyane and Black-Label.


Significance There is growing concern about how parasites will respond to climate change. Previous studies were based on data from short time scales (10−1 to 103 y), but here we present, to our knowledge, the first analysis of the response of parasites to global change on a longer time scale (104 y), utilizing the subfossil record. A 9,600-y record of clams and flatworm parasites from the Pearl River Delta exhibits a significant spike in parasite prevalence during the initial phase of sea-level rise. This increase is not related to changes in salinity or intermediate host availability. Temperature and productivity cannot be quantified and tested as driving factors. These results suggest stark implications for macrobenthos, fisheries, and human health in the context of climate change. Increasing global temperature and sea-level rise have led to concern about expansions in the distribution and prevalence of complex-lifecycle parasites (CLPs). Indeed, numerous environmental variables can influence the infectivity and reproductive output of many pathogens. Digenean trematodes are CLPs with intermediate invertebrate and definitive vertebrate hosts. Global warming and sea level rise may affect these hosts to varying degrees, and the effect of increasing temperature on parasite prevalence has proven to be nonlinear and difficult to predict. Projecting the response of parasites to anthropogenic climate change is vital for human health, and a longer term perspective (104 y) offered by the subfossil record is necessary to complement the experimental and historical approaches of shorter temporal duration (10−1 to 103 y). We demonstrate, using a high-resolution 9,600-y record of trematode parasite traces in bivalve hosts from the Holocene Pearl River Delta, that prevalence was significantly higher during the earliest stages of sea level rise, significantly lower during the maximum transgression, and statistically indistinguishable in the other stages of sea-level rise and delta progradation. This stratigraphic paleobiological pattern represents the only long-term high-resolution record of pathogen response to global change, is consistent with fossil and recent data from other marine basins, and is instructive regarding the future of disease. We predict an increase in trematode prevalence concurrent with anthropogenic warming and marine transgression, with negative implications for estuarine macrobenthos, marine fisheries, and human health.


Recent years have witnessed a drastic increase in the awareness towards cosmetic dentistry. Bleaching has become a common procedure in the field of cosmetic dentistry. Thus, it seems important to determine whether bleaching would significantly influence the bond strength of orthodontic adhesives to the enamel surface. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 35% hydrogen peroxide containing in-office bleaching agent on the shear bond strength of adhesive to metallic orthodontic brackets. Materials and methods: Sixty extracted, sound premolars were randomly divided into three groups of 20 each. Teeth in group A were etched with 37% phosphoric acid before bonding metallic premolar brackets using light cure composite resin. Teeth in the other two groups were bleached with a 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleaching agent according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Twenty bleached teeth (group B) were bonded immediately with light cure composite resin, and the other 20 (group C) were stored in artificial saliva for 30 days before bonding. Shear bond strength of these brackets were measured using Instron universal testing machine, recorded in MPa and compared. Results: Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA (Analysis of variances) by Fisher's F-test. The intercomparison between the groups was calculated by Bonferroni t-test (Post-Hoc test). The shear bond strength values of groups A, B and C were 11.8850 ± 2.29651, 11.4750 ± 4.454774 and 12.7450 ± 3.82491 MPa respectively. Results of ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences in shear bond strengths between groups (p = 0.541). Conclusion: This study showed that office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide does not adversely affect the bond strengths of orthodontic adhesives used to bond brackets immediately after bleaching or 30 days after bleaching.


The development of peptide‐based therapeutics is on the rise, with macrocyclic compounds providing the added stability and drug‐like characteristics sought after. Currently, therapies and preventatives for pathogenic thrombosis target platelet interactions at the site of the clot and have many complications. Herein we describe novel cyclic peptides as moderate inhibitors of the protein–protein interaction between von Willebrand factor (vWF) and collagen that initiates blood clot formation. We based our designs on two known disulfide‐containing, peptide‐based inhibitors of the vWF–collagen interaction. Replacing the disulfide with a head‐to‐tail cyclization strategy confers remarkable stability to the peptides when treated with a panel of proteases. Our peptides also showed moderate activity in our developed fluorescently linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA), similar to the most active disulfide‐containing peptide. These peptides provide a springboard for future advances in exceptionally stable, active cyclic peptides as drugs.


Tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins is the earliest identifiable event following T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulation and is essential for activating downstream signaling machiner. Two Src-family protein-tyrosine kinas, the TCR-associated pS9f (Fyn) and the CD4/8associated p561c (Lck), have emerged as the likely mediators of early tyrosine phosphorylation in T cells. Here, we show direct binding of a 120-kDa TCR-induced phosphotyrosyl polypeptide, p120, to glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins of the Src homology 3 (SH3) domains of Fyn, Lck, and p60 (Src) but not other proteins. While binding of p120 to Fyn SH2 domain was phosphotyrosine-dependent as expected, its binding to the SH3 domain was independent of tyrosine phosphorylation, as shown by lack of competition with a phosphotyrosyl competitor peptide. In contrast, an SH3-specific proline-rich peptide completely abolished p120 binding to SH3. p120 was tyrosine-phosphorylated within 10 sec following stimulation of Jurkat cells with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, withmmal phosphorylation at 30 sec. Importantly, p120 was found associated with Fyn and Lck proteins in unstimulated Jurkat cells and served as an in vitro substrate for these kinases. These results provide evidence for a role of the SH3 domains of Fyn and Lck in the recruitment of early tyrosine-phosphorylation substrates to the TCR-associated tyrosine kinses. Engagement of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) induces a rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins as an obligatory step in T-cell activation (1-3). While the TCR components lack intrinsic tyrosine kinase domains, TCR {/'q and CD3 y and e chains physically complex with the unique N-terminal domain of the Src-family protein-tyrosine kinase p59fyn (Fyn) (4, 5). A role for Fyn in TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation was suggested by enhanced antigen-induced or anti-TCR monoclonal antibody (mAb)-induced tyrosine phosphorylation in a T-cell hybridoma overexpressing an activated Fyn and by increased or decreased TCR signaling, respectively, in thymocytes of mice expressing activated or dominant-negative Fyn transgenes (6, 7). Defective responses of thymocytes in fyn-/knockout mice further underscore the critical role of Fyn in TCR signaling (8, 9). p56ock (Lck) interacts with the cytoplasmic tails of the CD4 and CD8 coreceptors and participates in CD4/8-dependent enhancement ofantigen stimulation (10-12). In addition, Lck plays a critical role in early T-cell development (3). The Src-family kinases contain the noncatalytic Src homology 3 and 2 (SH3 and SH2) domains that are required for negative regulation of kinase activity and are essential for mediating T-cell activation as shown with Lck transfectants (13, 14). The SH2 domains of signaling proteins bind to phosphotyrosyl (pY) peptide motifs and mediate assembly of signaling complexes (15, 16). The SH3 domains bind to small proline-rich peptide motifs to mediate protein-protein interactions (17, 18). A clear physiological role for SH3 domains of the Sem-5/Grb-2 protein in linking receptor tyrosine kinases to the Ras pathway has been demonstrated (19). Recently, the SH3 domains of Src-family kinases have been shown to bind to the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase (3-K) (20, 21), paxillin (a focal adhesion protein) (22), actin-associated protein p110 (23), and microtubule-associated GTPase dynamin (24). Thus, SH3 domains may couple tyrosine kinases to multiple signaling pathways. Here we provide evidence for a role of SH3 domains in recruiting a cellular substrate to TCR-associated tyrosine kinases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peptides. The pY peptide including Tyr324 of the hamster medium-sized tumor antigen (EPQpYEEIPIYL, or pYEEI; bold type indicates the SH2-binding motif) (16) and its unphosphorylated analog (YEEI) were synthesized and HPLC purified (25). The p85 SH3-N proline-rich peptide (PI 3-kinase p85a aa 83-101, ISPPTPKPRPPRPLPVAPG) (26) was synthesized with an Applied Biosystems peptide synthesizer. Generation of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Fusion Proteins. Various domains of human Lck (27) (from R. Perlmutter, University ofWashington, Seattle) or Fyn (28) (American Type Culture Collection) were amplified by PCR and cloned as BamHI-EcoRI fragments into pGEX2T.K vector (from Bill Kaelin and Erik Flemington, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston) in-frame with GST (29, 30) (Fig. 1A). DNA sequences of all constructs were confirmed. The non-SH3 C-terminal extension of Fyn SH3 fusion protein carried a proline instead of serine (aa 143). The primer/vector sequences added glycine and serine to the N terminus and EFIVTD to the C terminus of fusion proteins. Murine c-Src, neuronal Src [Src(+)], Abl type IV (aa 84-138) and v-Crk (aa 372-428) SH3 domains encoded in pGEX2T were provided by Bruce Mayer (Children's Hospital, Boston), and human Lck SH3SH2 in pGEX3b by J. Shin (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute). Fusion proteins were affinity purified on glutathioneSepharose beads (Pharmacia) from the Triton X-100-soluble fraction of isopropyl (-D-thiogalactopyranoside-induced Escherichia coli (strain DH5a or NB42) (29, 30), quantitated by Bradford assay (Bio-Rad; bovine '>'-globulin standard), Abbreviations: TCR, T-cell antigen receptor; SHn, Src homology n; GST, glutathione S-transferase; mAb, monoclonal antibody; PI, phosphatidylinositol. §To whom reprint requests should be addressed. 4135 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 4136 Immunology: Reedquist et al.


BACKGROUND: Studies were designed to assess baseline toxicity of the two recently developed reduced-risk insecticides chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram to obliquebanded leafroller (OBLR), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and to determine stage-specific effects of these products on OBLR, so that these new chemicals could be judiciously incorporated into IPM programs by targeting only the most susceptible stages of OBLR.

RESULTS: Both chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram were highly effective against neonate OBLR larvae at much lower doses than conventional standard azinphosmethyl. Most of the mortality caused by spinetoram occurred during the 4 day exposure period, while significant delayed mortality was observed as a result of chlorantraniliprole treatment during the 7 day recovery period, indicating that chlorantraniliprole is a slower-acting compound compared with spinetoram. Unlike broad-spectrum predecessors, the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole significantly increased with larval age. Similarly, the toxicity of spinetoram increased as larvae grew from neonates to third instars.

CONCLUSION: Chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram are highly effective against OBLR larvae, regardless of larval age. Incorporation of these reduced-risk chemistries into IPM programs for OBLR would lead to effective management of this pest in tree fruit systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry


Objective To observe the expression of the caveolin-1 induced by high tidal volume ventilation in lung tissue of rats during different time periods,and therefore to explore the role of caveolin-1 in ventilator induced lung injury.Methods Thirty two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,ventilation for half an hour group (H-VT0.5h group),ventilation for one hour group (H-VT1h group),and ventilation for two hours group (H-VT2h group).The expression of caveolin-1 in lung tissues of rats was detected by immunohistochemistry.The level of total protein (TP)in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by bicinchoninic acid method.The lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) was calculated.The pathological changes of the lungs were observed under light microscope.Results ①The expression of caveolin-1 in lung tissues in H-VT0.5h group and control group was respectively higher than that in H-VT1h group and H-VT2h group (all P <0.001),that in H-VT0.5h group was higher than that in control group (P <0.001),that in H-VT1h group was higher than that in H-VT2h group (P <0.01).②W/D of lung tissues and the level of TP in BALF in H-VT1h group and H VT2h group were respectively higher than those in H-VT0.5h group and control group (all P <0.001),those in H-VT2h group were higher than those in H-VT1h group (P < 0.001).There was no statistical difference in W/D and the level of TP in BALF between control group and H-VT0.5h group (P >0.05).③Histopatholosical findings under light microscope demonstrated that diffused alveolar damage induced by mechanical ventilation was worse with time.Conclusions With the extension of the duration of mechanical ventilation,the expression of caveolin-1 increases at first,then reduces.The high expression of caveolin 1 plays a protective role in ventilator induced lung injury.The high tidal volume ventilation can induce and aggravate the lung injury by inhibiting the expression of caveolin-1.

Key words:
Mechanical ventilation;  Lung injury; Caveolin-1


Political science without biography is taxidermy: and politics without personality, a myth. The protective armour of the practising politician assuming the affectation of undiluted commitment to principle and community, and dismissing the ad hominem argument as a vulgar irrelevance in no way invalidating his manifestoes, is paper thin. Here it is fatally pierced by a political scientist clearly determined to maintain the vitality of his subject. A. F. Davies, who holds the Chair of Political Science at Melbourne, has ambitiously attempted to create an encyclopaedic reference book which gathers together all the contributions made by psychoanalysts during the last generation and a half to the study of politics: although he draws on the classical psychoanalytical literature, his essay essentially celebrates the work of private practitioners and the lesser known analysts. It is the psychoanalysis of the journals, not the paperbacks; and precisely because so much of this work has been unobtrusive, and so much of it divined in isolation, this advertisement of these innovators is most welcome, particularly in Britain. Here the younger psychoanalysts, unlike the founding fathers who always yielded to the superb temptations of speculation, seem fearful of applying their craft outside their consulting rooms and the author, therefore, is regrettably able to make only a few references to recent work of applied psychoanalysis from Britain: the hostile environment created by behaviourists and scoffing nihilists, avoiding the painful insights that have to be faced through the calibration by introspective work into personal resource, has evidently done its destructive worst. Perhaps if the younger British psychoanalysts frankly accepted that the status of psychoanalysis as a natural or social science is problematic but that it is unquestionably a form of hermeneutics, then they would be less diffident: the goal of natural science is the domination of nature by the use of scientific techniques, as the goal of those social sciences modelled on the natural sciences is prediction and control of human beings seen as objects. But the goal of psychoanalysis is not domination, prediction or control, but understanding. That comes through methods that are hermeneutic: and it may be that if British psychoanalysts were less concerned with those who inappropriately apply the methodology of the natural or social sciences in assessing the validity of the psychoanalysts' findings, then they would recapture some of the roving spirit of enquiry that came out of Vienna. Fortunately, across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans there is a more relaxed climate, and Davies is thus able to draw together a splendid collection of references. Indeed, his well catalogued notes containing bold synopses of his sources are perhaps the most valuable sections of his book. For the substantive portion of the work is clumsily designed. In his commendable anxiety to deploy all illumination his researches afford, he has sought to jell together every relevant finding over half a century. Not surprisingly, he has found that one book does not suffice: he has, therefore, composed here, in effect, three volumes, all dense, discursive, and, inevitably, uneven. When there are so many nuggets in each section, it seems churlish to complain: but it has to be said that a more ruthless editing of his theses would have resulted in a coherence his painstaking investigations richly deserve. His first section is fortunately contained by his decision to re-employ the master scheme of Harold Laswell, the formidable political scientist who, after an analysis by Ferenczi, produced in 1930 a seminal work on political psychology Psychopathology and Politics. Here Laswell established a typology embracing the political agitators, administrators, and political theorists. Davies has resurrected Laswell's largely forgotten scheme, and illustrates these types afresh from recent biographical materials. It comes as no surprise to those fated to jostle daily with politicians that, despite the apparent simplicities of Laswell's reductionist study, Davies, without strain or artificiality, has been able to press back gently into its mould much later work whose authors may have imagined it was too sophisticated for such treatment. It is difficult to read Laswell, or indeed the later material collected by Davies, and not to reach the chastening conclusions that politics is a regressive phenomenon, and that politicians teeter on the edge of, if not well into, neurosis. But Davies eschews such pessimism, and opts for another analogy. Politics, he suggests, is the symbolic projection of collective psychic tensions doing for society what dreams do for the individual: the politician is the culture's instrument of selection, detection, and creative expression. The politician dives down into the accumulated pool of collective feeling which has not yet been channelled into intel-


In this study, we compared the virulence of the most common serovars of Glaesserella parasuis in China, serovars 4, 5, 12, and 13 (36 strains in total) in BALB/c mice and piglets. In mice, the median lethal doses (LD50s) of the four serovars were roughly 9.80 × 107–4.60 × 109 CFU, 2.10 × 108–8.85 × 109 CFU, 4.81 × 107–7.01 × 109 CFU, and 1.75 × 108–8.45 × 108 CFU, respectively. Serovar 13 showed the strongest virulence, followed by serovar 4, serovar 12, and serovar 5, but a significant difference in virulence was only observed between serovars 5 and 13. The virulence of strains of the same serovars differed significantly in piglets. Virulent and attenuated strains were present in all serovars, but serovar 5 was the most virulent in piglets, followed by serovars 13, 4, and 12. A significant difference in virulence was observed between serovars 5 and 4 and between serovars 5 and 12. However, the virulence of serovars 5 and 13 did not differ significantly. This comprehensive analysis of G. parasuis virulence in mice and piglets demonstrated that: (1) the order of virulence of the four domestic epidemic serovars (from strongest to weakest) in piglets was serovars 5, 13, 4, and 12; (2) both virulent and attenuated strains were present in all serovars, so virulence did not necessarily correlate with serovar; (3) Although G. parasuis was fatal in BALB/c mice, its virulence is inconsistent with that in piglets, indicating that BALB/c mice are inadequate as an alternative model of G. parasuis infection.


Quercetin is one of the most abundant flavonoids in terrestrial plants and pollen. In living plants, quercetin can function as a secondary metabolite to discourage insect herbivory. Literature on insect-quercetin interactions was searched and data synthesized to test the hypothesis that quercetin can become an effective biocide to reduce herbivory without disrupting natural enemies and pollinators. The USDA, National Agricultural Library, DigiTop Navigator platform was used to search the literature for harmful versus nonharmful effects of quercetin on insect behavior, physiology, and life history parameters. Quercetin effects were evaluated on herbivores in five insect orders, natural enemies in two orders, and pollinators in one order. Quercetin was significantly more harmful to Hemiptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera but significantly more nonharmful to Coleoptera. Harmful and nonharmful effects to Orthoptera were indistinguishable. Quercetin had significantly more harmful (than nonharmful) effects on herbivores when data from the five insect orders were combined. Quercetin concentration (mg/mL) did not significantly affect these results. Quercetin was significantly more nonharmful to natural enemies (Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, combined) and pollinators (Hymenoptera). This study suggests that quercetin could prevent herbivory without disrupting natural enemies and pollinators, but field experiments are necessary to substantiate these results.


The rational development of prevention strategies for women at high risk for breast cancer will require a molecular map of the tumorigenesis process. Relatively little is known of the events that mediate the transition of normal human breast epithelial cells to premalignant and early tumorigenic states. Numer-ous studies have documented differences in the copy number, sequence, or expression levels of specific genes in cohorts of invasive breast carcinomas, but an analogous investigation of early breast lesions is in its infancy. This review focuses on the developing molecular characterization of human premalignant and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions as an approach to understanding early breast cancer evolution.


Immigration continues to be an important agenda of our country. The process of immigration from rural to urban area has affected the cities and it has started to shrink them. This situation has led small cities in social, administrative and economic sense to lose their identities and become ineffective. The cities that get immigrants have become bigger. So it has naturally brought more expenses in social, economic, political and environmental perspective. In this study, compared to the previous years, a very different stage of immigration waves between 2003 and 2013 Bayburt'un Aydıntepe county was the subject. Historical comparative methods and qualitative research methods were used as participative observation and in-depth interview techniques. This wave of immigration in the framework of the migration of villagers from 1925 to 1959, the city center from 1960 to 1987, the rest of the cities and abroad, between 1987 and 2002, with the reverse migration wave, and between 2003 and 2013, out. Historically, the direction of migration is not the same in this respect. With this study, it is desired to shed light on the problems of settlement areas which are similar to immigration and which have lost population, and thus have been damaged by village, town and city identity. It is understood that the result of the study is the socio-economic potential of the region, but whether it is infrastructure problems or administrative problems, this potential can not be used. If the province and the city center have a good plan and work with good planning and operation potential of agriculture, industry and tourism, the residence of the residents will be the place of residence. In addition, this would reduce the growing problems of over-migrated cities and a balanced understanding of growth and development.


Time dispersion in RF dhannels, induced by multipath caused by reflectors. and scatterers in the propagation environment, must be considered when designing high-rate digital radio systems and wireless modems. This article describes the parameters used to characterize time dispersion and path loss in an RF channel from measured data. Following a discussion of the time dispersion parameters, the analysis and results of measurement data taken in a large train yard in the 902 928 MHz IBM band are presented.


A collection of three works of travel literature published together in one volume. "A Dragon Apparent" takes Norman Lewis to Indo-China during the precarious last years of the French colonial regime. Before the devastation of the Vietnam War, much of the charm and grandeur of the ancient native civilizations had survived. In "Golden Earth", Lewis travels to Burma, where he fell in love with the land and its people. Although much of the countryside was under the control of insurgent armies, he managed - by steamboat, decrepit lorry and Dacoit-besieged train - to travel almost everywhere he wanted and to see brilliant spectacles, still out of our reach. In "A Goddess in the Stones", Lewis undertakes a journey of 2500 miles in search of the old India described by early travellers, in the belief that it remained undiscovered. Staying in the mountains of the east, he investigated the extraordinary customs of some of the three million tribal people who have survived there in isolation. "A Goddess in the Stones" won the Thomas Cook Travel Writing Award 1991.


In the management literature, chaos theory has been used primarily as a metaphor to understand organizational phenomena. Using metaphors to understand organizations has gained much acceptance, thanks to the pioneering work of Morgan (1986). However, chaos theory's value as a metaphor is overused and offers little that cannot already be explained using existing theories and frameworks. Because chaos theory is a mathematical theory, we believe its mathematical principles offer the greatest application to the management literature. We propose using one tool of chaos theory, phase space, to understand firm performance. We illustrate the use of a phase space analysis using data from a publicly held firm, Pizza Inn. INTRODUCTION The use of chaos theory in management research has been confined mainly to a metaphorical approach. In the management and organizational theory realms, the use of metaphor is well known, thanks to the pioneering work of Morgan (1986). However, none of Morgan's metaphors are based solely on a field of mathematics. In contrast, chaos theory is grounded in mathematical principles. Herein lies the problem; what are management scholars do to do with this theory? Two options can be identified. First, scholars can continue to apply chaos theory primarily as a metaphor. Second, the mathematical concepts inherent to chaos theory, particularly its use of phase space, can be more actively applied. Evidence suggests that the first option has been overused while the second option is currently underused. In this paper, we address the unwarranted enthusiasm and often imprecise application of chaos theory as a metaphor, as well as its underuse as a formidable mathematical application for management research. The paper begins with a brief history of chaos theory. Next, we overview its main components and discuss its misapplication as a metaphor. We then discuss how one tool used in chaos theory, phase space, can be used to examine firm performance history. We conclude with implications for management researchers. BACKGROUND Although there are a number of important figures in the history of chaos theory, a key starting point would begin with Edward Lorenz. As a meteorologist, Lorenz was working with equations in a weather forecasting model he was developing involving data on temperature, air pressure, and wind direction (Briggs & Peat, 1989). At one point in his work, he decided to take a shortcut. Instead of inputting the values to six decimal places, he used three. The results he obtained were noticeably different from what he had anticipated; and that became the trigger event that led to a key component of chaos theory – sensitive dependence to initial conditions. Lorenz had stumbled on a discovery that indicated a small change in the initial conditions of a system could lead to very different outcomes as the system evolved. This later evolved into the famous butterfly effect. This effect states when a butterfly flaps its wings, 2 perhaps in some exotic part of the world like Hawaii, it can initiate a series of air currents that influence other weather events that eventually cause a hurricane in Florida. Of course, should the butterfly flap its wings in a different direction, the hurricane could develop somewhere else, perhaps Cuba or Mexico. In the butterfly illustration, we see an example of how a slight change in initial conditions can lead to a vastly different outcome in the life of the system under study. The bestselling book by James Gleick (1987) made chaos theory more understandable to those outside the mathematical and physics disciplines. Soon, social scientists, psychologists, and even a few management scholars found an interest in chaos theory. To these researchers, chaos theory offered an interesting, nonlinear framework that could be used as a lens to understand the complex social and psychological interactions that comprise individual and organizational behavior. Chaos theory also brought an abundance of interest from those who identified with the concept in nonmathematical ways. One viewpoint was that chaos carried with it a sense of mystery and excitement about life (Stoppard, 1995). The appeal of chaos theory has also been compared to a romantic appreciation of disorder that accompanies a corresponding reaction against the scientific appreciation for order and symmetry (Friedrich, 1988; Smith & Higgins, 2003). Polkinghorne (1993), a priest, articulated that chaos theory helps to describe the divine plan for the universe. While these viewpoints are interesting, they are inconsistent with the original intent of chaos theory. In fact, in one sense, chaos theory is not actually a theory at all, but an extension of nonlinear mathematics (Bolland, & Atherton, 1999). One of the aspects of chaos theory that has also contributed to its increasing popularity is its visual dimension (Smith & Higgins, 2003). Attractors, a key component of chaos theory, can be graphed and many of these display an aesthetic appeal that likens it to computer art (Carey, 1995). Many of the articles that we reviewed on chaos theory depicted the famous Lorenz butterfly attractor. Add some color to this attractor and one can create an amazingly beautiful graphic. Certainly, this ability to take a seemingly difficult mathematical process and make it visually appealing adds to the mystique and popularity of chaos theory. In addition to the Lorenz butterfly, the Mandelbrot set has probably been the most famous visual artifact from chaos theory. THE COMPONENTS OF CHAOS THEORY Chaos is not a state of randomness or disorder, but rather a state whereby phenomena that appear to be unrelated actually follow an unknown or hidden pattern (Smith, 2002; Tetenbaum, 1998; van Staveren, 1999). This hidden pattern is called an attractor and it can be visually observed through the plotting of data in phase space. Furthermore, the relationships among the variables in a chaotic system are existent, but are ―rather vague and at best, difficult to discern‖ (Kiel & Elliott, 1996:2). Chaotic systems possess two characteristics, sensitive dependence to initial conditions and unpredictability in the long run. Each of these are discussed in more detail below. Sensitive Dependence to Initial Conditions Lorenz (1993) noted that a slight change in the initial input of his data led to vastly different results in his weather model. This now famous occurrence led to the popular ―butterfly effect‖ illustration mentioned above. Lorenz also discusses another system in his book that is sensitive to initial conditions, the path of sleds descending down a snowy slope. In this example, he illustrates with diagrams, how seven sleds can end up in different areas stopping areas at the bottom of a hill, even though they may have started their descent within ten centimeters of each other. Of course, the paths the sleds take will change directions, 3 depending on the location of small humps or moguls along the route of its descent. This example also illustrates the concept of sensitive dependence to initial conditions, one of two general conditions that characterize a chaotic system. Unpredictability in the Long-run The behavior of a chaotic system cannot be predicted in the long-run. At best, there may be some accuracy in making short-term predictions. The weather is an example of a chaotic system that cannot be determined on a long-term basis, but can be predicted successfully in the short-run (Lorenz, 1993). For example, as one of the authors of this paper prepared an earlier version of this section, an ice storm was predicted later that evening. Local schools were on a two-hour delay the following day. While this impending ice storm was predicted with a reasonable amount of accuracy, nobody several months ago could have readily predicted such a storm would arrive on that particular evening. These are the two main characteristics of a chaotic system, (1) sensitive dependence to initial conditions and (2) an inability to predict the final outcome of the system on a long-term basis. There are other components as well, but these first two characteristics represent a good starting point. Next, we describe bifurcations, attractors and feedback. Bifurcations A bifurcation is a point in the behavior of the system where the outcome can actually oscillate between two possible values in alternating time periods. The discovery of a bifurcation was made by Robert May, a biologist who was conducting a population model experiment (Gleick, 1987). As May increased the growth rate in his model, the population increased until it reached a critical point. At that point, the population would alternate values on a two year cycle, reaching a certain value the first year, followed by a lower value the next year, then returning to the original value the third year, and so on. May increased the growth rate again until a new critical point was reached, this time a period four or second bifurcation took place. At this new critical point, the population alternated in a four-year cycle. Increasing the growth again led to still more bifurcations until the model reached a state where almost any value was possible. At this point, the system was now "in chaos" because the population did not settle down to any predictable level. Hence, the lack of predictability is central to the notion of chaos. May continued to increase the growth rate even while the system (i.e., the population level) was in its chaotic state. Surprisingly, when the growth rate reached a certain point, the system settled back down to a constant three-year cycle. In other words, it had moved from a state of chaos back to a state of order. However, as he increased the growth rate again, the system returned to chaos. In fact, the system continued to move in and out of chaos as the growth level was increased. Figure 1 illustrates a simplified bifurcation diagram, more correctly referred to as a logistics map (Guastello, 2008).


Author Affiliations: Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des QuinzeVingts, Paris, France (Drs Feldman-Billard and Héron); and Service d'Ophtalmologie (Dr Massin) and Service de Médecine Interne B (Drs Meas and Guillausseau), Hôpital Lariboisière, Université Paris VII, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris. Correspondence: Dr Feldman-Billard, Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, 28 rue de Charenton, 75571 Paris, CEDEX 12, France (firstname.lastname@example.com). Author Contributions: Dr Feldman-Billard had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis decision. Study concept and design: FeldmanBillard, Massin, and Meas. Acquisition of data: Massin and Guillausseau. Analysis and interpretation of data: FeldmanBillard and Héron. Drafting of the manuscript: FeldmanBillard, Meas, and Héron. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Massin and Guillausseau. Obtained funding: Massin. Study supervision: Feldman-Billard, Guillausseau, and Héron. Financial Disclosure: Dr Feldman-Billard has received fees for lectures from Eli Lilly; Dr Massin has received fees for lectures and consultations from Eli Lilly and Takeda; and Dr Guillausseau has received fees for lectures and consultations from Astra-Zeneca, BMS, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, and Takeda. Funding/Support: This study was supported by grants from Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (CRC 02044) and Novo Nordisk (ALFEDIAM).


ABSTRACTThis research aim to describe the Content Appropriateness English Textbook ForTenth Grade Students of Senior High School by Private Publisher (Intan Pariwara) in theaspect content appropriateness. This research was descriptive qualitative with contentanalysis. The textbook was evaluated by using Krippendorf's content analysis: unitizing,sampling, coding, reducing data, inferring contextual phenomena, and narrating the result.The instrument in the research was the researcher herself through reading the textbookrepeatedly and thoroughly. This is also done under the instrument issued by Board ofNational Education Standard. The result of the research shows as follow: The completeness ofmaterials in this textbook almost met completely according to KI and KD for tenth gradestudents of senior high school (90,9%). The materials in this textbook provided 10 materialsin the three kind of texts both of functional text, interpersonal text and transactional text but1 material left or not be fulfilled. The depth of materials was mostly grouped into depthcategory for the exposure in functional text (90%), inaccurate texts (18,7%), the materials inthe textbook was up to date, but none of the texts or activities in the textbooks supportvocational skills (0%).Keywords: Textbook, The content Appropriateness, Content Analysis


Objective To study the way of extracting the magnolol and honokiol from the callus in Magnolia officinalis Rehd.etWils.var.biloba Rehd.et Wils and the selection of superior technology.Methods Magnolol and honokiol were extracted with the ultrasonic wave way,the immersion way and the immersion-ultrasonic wave way;the content of the magnolol and honokiol in the callus of the Magnolia was determined with HPLC;the solvent,temperature and extracting time were searched for the effect on the test digit with the orthogonal design tests and the ultrasonic wave way.Results The contents of Magnolol and honokiol were 0.135% and 0.017% with the immersion way and 0.144% and 0.018% with the ultrasonic wave way and 0.146% and 0.018% with the immersion-ultrasonic wave way,which shows that the best technology was the group A3B2C3.Conclusion The result can provide a foundation for the biotechnology using of Magnolia officinalis Rehd.etWils.var.biloba Rehd.et Wils.


This paper first discusses the problems of segment information disclosure regulation, including the motivation, goals and limits of segment information disclosure regulation. The goal is to increase segment information disclosure, improve the quality of segment information, and enable it to meet the need of information users.


High‐concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) systems are one of the most promising technologies for the generation of renewable energy with high‐conversion efficiency. Their development is still at an early stage, but the possibility of integrating high‐concentration systems into buildings offers new opportunities to achieve the net‐zero‐energy building goal. Herein, the optical and energetic performance of a hybrid daylighting−HCPV prototype based on pure‐ or doped‐silica optical fibers (OFs) to guide 2000× concentrated sunlight inside the buildings is evaluated. There, the light can either be used to illuminate interior spaces or projected on solar cells to generate electricity. The system equipped with a single 400 μm core‐diameter OF is demonstrated to achieve a total efficiency of 15% and an optical efficiency of 45%.


Prof. J.S. Kenney Overheads Week 5:Victim Subcultures: This week we will review the following interrelated topics: (1) The organizational structure of victim subcultures; (2) The impact of support organizations on feelings of deviance/ depression; (3) The impact of support organizations on victim identity. (1) Frank J. Weed: The organizational structure of victim subcultures: * The crime victim movement embraces (1) Political advocacy (2) Social service * These interrelate symbiotically * 1990-91 Survey of U.S. crime victim organizations * Weed outlines six topics emerging from these data, beginning with: (i) Organizational Features * Public vs. private distinction: Public (e.g. victim/witness programs) Private (e.g. crisis centres/shelters) * Public agencies: Government money (often at risk) Detailed internal policies More bureaucratic Heavy caseload Formal procedures Serve wider interests (CJS)


Carbon dioxide emissions aren't yet regulated by the EPA, but it is likely they will be soon. There are many technically feasible, but as-yet-undemonstrated ways to reduce the considerable carbon footprint of any coal-fired plant, whether it uses conventional or unconventional technology. One promising approach to removing CO{sub 2} from a plant's flue gas uses chilled ammonium bicarbonate to drive the separation process.


We show that a dynamical system of N phase oscillators with global cosine coupling is completely integrable. In particular, we prove that the N-dimensional phase space is foliated by invariant two-dimensional tori, for all N\ensuremath{\ge}3. Explicit expressions are given for the constants of motion, and for the solitary waves that occur in the continuum limit. Our analysis elucidates the origin of the remarkable phase space structure detected in recent numerical studies of globally coupled arrays of Josephson junctions, lasers, and Ginzburg-Landau oscillators.


LMD(Local mean decomposition) is a new kind of adaptive time-frequency analysis method,which exhibits a good application prospect in filed of bearing fault diagnosis.The LMD was advanced to improve its calculation speed.Then,a synthetic signal was used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to process multi-component modulated signals.In view of the modulation characteristics of the vibration acceleration signal of the faulty bearing and the impact of background signals,LMD method was proposed to diagnose the bearing with outer-race,inner-race or elements faults.The results indicate that the characteristic frequencies can be extracted effectively using LMD method and be used to make correct judge of the fault type.


Time
 Every Sunday at 10:00 a.m. 04/02 The Fox and the Hound(US)
 04/09 Rio(US)
 04/16 Little Prince(US)
 04/23 Tangled(US)
 04/30 DC Super Hero Girls: Hero of the Year(US)
 Place
 8th floor, Main Librar


Layered, nickel-rich lithium transition metal oxides have emerged as leading candidates for lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathode materials. High-performance applications for nickel-rich cathodes, such as electric vehicles and grid-level energy storage, demand electrodes that deliver high power without compromising cell lifetimes or impedance. Nanoparticle-based nickel-rich cathodes seemingly present a solution to this challenge due to shorter lithium-ion diffusion lengths compared to incumbent micrometer-scale active material particles. However, since smaller particle sizes imply that surface effects become increasingly important, particle surface chemistry must be well characterized and controlled to achieve robust electrochemical properties. Moreover, residual surface impurities can disrupt commonly used carbon coating schemes, which result in compromised cell performance. Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, here we present a detailed characterization of the surface chemistry of LiNi0.8Al0.15Co0.05O2 (NCA) nanoparticles, ultimately identifying surface impurities that limit LIB performance. With this chemical insight, annealing procedures are developed that minimize these surface impurities, thus improving electrochemical properties and enabling conformal graphene coatings that reduce cell impedance, maximize electrode packing density, and enhance cell lifetime fourfold. Overall, this work demonstrates that controlling and stabilizing surface chemistry enables the full potential of nanostructured nickel-rich cathodes to be realized in high-performance LIB technology.


Abstract A new set of matrix addressing schemes for ferroelectric liquid crystal displays is reported. The schemes use the minimum in the response time-voltage characteristic found in certain mixtures and deliver improved operating speed and contrast ratio compared with previously reported schemes operating in this mode.


"Bois noir" (BN) disease was first identified in Spain in 1995, but in recent years there seems to be a recrudescence in different wine regions. During 2006 and 2007, the areas where this increase was observed were surveyed for Hyalesthes obsoletus and other potential vectors. Not very high populations of H. obsoletus have been detected, but a positive relation between H. obsoletus presence and disease incidence was highlighted. The vineyards with the highest BN incidence (55-70%) are the ones where the majority of H. obsoletus were captured. The maximum total number of individuals caught in seven samplings of four aspirations each was fifteen. In low BN incidence vineyards (around 5%) the total number of individuals caught was 3-5. Only in one high BN-incidence vineyard (70%) in Catalonia, H. obsoletus couldn't be captured in 2006 and only a few were captured in 2007. In this case, the Euscelidius variegatus population was very high. The percentage of stolbur-bearing H. obsoletus individuals ranged between 20 and 100%.


This dissertation has two main objectives: first, quantify the effects of environmental conditions on spatio-temporal spawning and larval dynamics of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha [Pallas 1771]) in Lake Texoma, and second, quantify the effects of environmental conditions on survival, growth, and reproduction of young of the year (YOY) juvenile zebra mussels. These biological responses directly influence population establishment success and invasive spread dynamics. Reproductive output of the zebra mussel population in Lake Texoma was significantly related to water temperature and lake elevation. Annual maximum larval (veliger) density decreased significantly indicating a population crash, which was likely caused by thermal stress and variability of lake elevation. In 2011, temperatures peaked at 34.3°C and lake elevation decreased to the lowest level recorded during the previous 18 years, which desiccated a substantial number of settled mussels in littoral zones. Estimated mean date of first spawn in Lake Texoma was observed approximately 1.5 months earlier than in Lake Erie, and peak veliger densities were observed two months earlier. Veligers were observed in the deepest oxygenated water after lake stratification. During a 69-day in situ experiment during summer in Lake Texoma, age-specific mortality of zebra mussels was generally high until temperatures decreased to approximately 28°C, which was observed after lake turnover in late summer. No study organism died after temperatures decreased to less than 26°C, which indicates individuals that survive high summer temperatures are likely to persist into autumn/winter. Shell length growth and soft tissue growth rates were related to temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration, respectively. Growth rates of study organisms were among the highest ever reported for D. polymorpha. Water temperature and body size influenced reproduction of YOY zebra mussels in Lake Texoma. Fecundity of females were positively related to temperature; however, sperm production was negatively related to temperature, which indicates males could be more sensitive to physiologically-stressful conditions than females and could perform better in cooler waters. YOY mussels spawned up to approximately 40,000 eggs and 3.47E+08 sperm after a single-summer growing season. Reproductive effort and reproductive mass were independent of sex. YOY individuals from each study site (n = 5) were able to spawn viable gametes capable of sperm binding and egg cleavage, which provides the first evidence that YOY zebra mussels can successfully reproduce. Individual mortality of zebra mussels will likely be high in warm waters and intermittent, extreme droughts, which are observed more frequently at lower latitudes, can significantly reduce population sizes. However, rapid growth and single-season maturation can decrease generation times and could facilitate establishment and spread of zebra mussels in warm-water environments in the southern United States.


This paper proposes an alternate time-switched multiplexed space-time block coding technique for single-carrier modulation systems. Alternate time-switched scheme of transmitting time-domain zeros gives an additional frequency domain diversity at the expense of switches. Simulation results show that alternate time-switched scheme has advantages for single-carrier modulation as well as OFDM case compared to the multiplexed STBC without alternate switching.


Abstract: Mutations within the gene for myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), a major myelin structural protein, result in abnormal glial differentiation, suggesting that the PLP gene products play some other functional roles. Transcripts from the PLP gene were analyzed in the developing mouse brain by a sensitive method using polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA for DM‐20, an alternatively spliced transcript from the PLP gene, was detected in the embryonic mouse brain as early as embryonic day 11, long before the appearance of oligodendrocytes, which were considered to be responsible for PLP production. PLP gene expression was analyzed in various cell lines to determine whether synthesis of the DM‐20 mRNA is restricted to those of glial cell lineage. All of the nervous system cell lines examined, including nonglial cell lines, produced DM‐20 mRNA but no or very little PLP mRNA. Peripheral sciatic nerve from adult Wistar rats also produced mainly DM‐20 mRNA. These results indicate that DM‐20 is not only a myelin structural protein, but it also plays other roles in the nervous system that seem to relate, at least in part, to glial differentiation.


Twenty-five in the Painted years Chamber ago I published in the Palace a short of Westminster, book about the executed wall paintings for the most formerly part in the reigns of Henry III and Edward I, copied in 1819 and lost in the fire of 1834.1 No monograph is definitive, and indeed since its publication parts of the Chamber's thirteenth-century painted ceiling, most unexpectedly, have come to light, and a few farther studies of the murals have appeared.2 In order to develop aspects of my book which I left incomplete at the time, the present paper returns specifically to the Bible pictures once in the Chamber, the surviving parts of which were drawn from the books of Maccabees, Kings, and Judges. It suggests that the Chamber's distinctive, indeed unmatched, selection of Old Testament episodes is not explicable by the known patterns of medieval Bible art in England or western Europe. Instead, it argues that of greater importance were long-established textual uses of biblical example to reflect on the character of kings and kingship and whose tone, emphasising the failure of human nature and the inevitable working of God's justice, was markedly Augustinián. Though what G. L. Harriss has called the 'literary model of governance' as developed in England in the later thirteenth and fourteenth centuries enjoyed a considerable debt to Aristotle, both the polity and its politics had their place in 'the cosmic framework, whose raison ďétre was the fulfilment of God's purpose for mankind'. Hence, a just king could be seen as God's instrument and so command obedience; but a monarch who was perceived as unjust legitimised opposition.3 One aim of this paper is to propose that these, in some ways abstruse, palace wall paintings in fact belonged to a substantial tradition of political reflection on monarchy, and so embodied actual doctrines to a greater extent than is usually thought. Another is to suggest that contextualist accounts of their signification may obscure their importance precisely as political discourse. To understand these images we need, first, to consider to what genre


Fire extinguishers aboard spacecraft have historically been gaseous agents (US) or aqueous foams (Russian). Use of these extinguishers can result in collateral damage and will involve extensive cleanup. An additional fire suppression approach is proposed here to use a fire blanket. The performance of lightweight, thin, fire blanket materials have been evaluated for extinguishing time of burning samples at the 6" flame size associated with the pass/fail limit of NASA Test 1. General trends of faster extinguishment for thicker or heavier blankets are noted. Manual deployment of the fire blanket in space may be best for smaller, easily encapsulated burning materials. For larger fires, a deployment device could telescope and stretch the blanket to cover the burning areas while keeping the crew well away from the fire. Cleanup of the fire blanket may simply involve restowing the blanket or throwing it away if damaged. More work in this area is warranted.


Every year, foreign substances such as insects and hair are detected in the various foods we eat. Foreign substances found in these foods may be offensive to the consumer or adversely affect humans when consumed with the food. Considering the process of food passing through to consumers in terms of manufacturing and transportation, we propose a solution to the original problem in the manufacturing process. In manufacturing, hyperspectral cameras are used to inspect the raw materials and finished products of food passing through the conveyor belt. From the human eye, it is difficult to distinguish due to the small amount of foreign matter or the color similar to the food. Also, the speed of the conveyor belt is high and the ability to detect at high speed is also required. Therefore, by comparing the spectroscopy for each pixel in the VNIR (Visible and Near Infrared) region, the possibility of foreign material detection using a hyperspectral camera is suggested.


A strain of lactic acid bacteria with strong ability to degrade nitrite was screened from pickled potherb mustard made in Sanjiang town,Jiangxi province.The strongest ability of the strain to degrade nitrite averagely reached 32.66 μg/mL during 68 h of fermentation.The results of 16s rRNA sequencing showed that this strain was 98% homologous to Lactobacillus fermentum PL9005.Polygenetic analysis indicated that this strain belonged to Lactobacillus fermentum.


Nutrient artery enters the medullary of the bone through the nutrient foramen (1). Embryologically one end of the limb grows faster than the other hence the nutrient foramen are directed towards the elbow but away from the knee (2). Nutrient foramen is a surface opening of nutrient canal passing obliquely through the compact bone of the shaft of long bone to enter the marrow cavity. It is directed away from the growing end in a typical long bone. The diaphyseal nutrient artery enters through nutrient foramen into canal. It divides into an ascending and descending branch on reaching the medullary cavity. It will supply the shaft. The nutrient artery supplying the radius arises from the anterior or posterior interosseous artery. Any damage to the precise area of nutrient foramen, nutrient canal or nutrient artery by traumatic or iatrogenic reasons may result with delayed union, nonunion of the bone following fractures or bone graft, because healing of fracture, or bone graft is dependent on blood supply (3).


Abstract The eriticism by Worsley of my paper on till wedges is based on mistakes and misunderstandings. A close examination of the argumentation reveals its weaknesses. After having been properly named and discussed by Dreimanis and by Morner, "till wedge" (in Swedish morankil) is now a specific geological term covering both morphology and genesis. Till wedges are formed by cracking-and-filling or squeczing-in.


This lecture is a lecture series.It has five parts:(1)Reliability Design Technology and Application: the reliability of the selection of targets,reliability prediction,distribution technology and so on.(2)The Technology of the Reliability Analysis and Application: reliability model,failure analysis technology and so on.(3)The Probability Design Technology of Mechanical parts and Application: the reliability design technology of mechanical parts,reliability prediction technology.(4)The Reliability Trial,Assessment Technology Application.(5)The Reliability Management Technology and Application.The reader through to understand the reliability technology and Series of Application Seminar lectures,which can help you to improve the reliability of the development and production products.


Programmers would greatly benefit from a source-language model of the running time of compiled code that goes beyond asymptotics. However, it is a difficult problem to accurately model the running time of compiled code at the source level. In this work, we present an operational cost semantics to model the running time of OCaml programs on a specific hardware architecture. Our hypothesis is that the running time of a program can be modeled as a linear function of the number of executions of some high level constructs that we have carefully selected. We learn the coefficients of this linear function by applying traditional machine learning algorithms to automatically adapt the cost semantics to match the measured runtime of training examples on a modern hardware platform. With this learned cost semantics, we are able to model the running time of simple OCaml programs within a reasonable margin of error. Our experiments show that effects of low-level features like memory caches seem to amortize while modeling garbage collection remains a major challenge.


Deflationary phenomena of the endotracheal tube cuff may occur after inspired nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations are reduced, but deflationary phenomena of the double-lumen tube (DLT) cuff have not been investigated. In this study, tracheal and bronchial cuffs of left-sided Mallinckrodt (Athlone, Ireland) DLTs were inflated with air, 40% N2O, or 67% N2O (Air, N40, or N67 groups, respectively) in 24 patients undergoing thoracic surgery; 40 min later, O2 was substituted for N2O in some of the patients in the N40 group (N40-c group). Intracuff gas volumes, N2O concentrations, and cuff compliance were also measured. Both tracheal and bronchial cuff pressures significantly increased in the Air group but decreased in the N67 group. Neither pressure significantly changed in the N40 group, but both decreased in the N40-c group after terminating N2O anesthesia; the time required for bronchial cuff pressures to decrease by half (12.0 ± 5.5 min) was less than that for tracheal cuff pressures (31.2 ± 11.0 min, P < 0.01). The volume change in the N40-c group was not significantly different between the tracheal and bronchial cuffs, but tracheal cuff compliance was significantly higher than bronchial compliance. Therefore, filling DLT cuffs with 40% N2O stabilizes cuff pressure during anesthesia with 67% N2O, but bronchial cuffs deflate more quickly than tracheal cuffs after cessation of N2O administration through smaller compliance.


In view of the characteristics of Ballistic missile, the GPS/SINS tightly integrated navigation algorithm based on pseudo range/pseudo range rate in the Launch inertial coordinates is studied in this paper. The coordinate transformation method from ECEF coordinates to the Launch inertial coordinates is derived. The strap-down inertial navigation error equation and GPS error equation were derived in this coordinates. The state equations and measurement equations for GPS/SINS tightly integrated navigation system are established. Then an adaptive Cubature kalman filter (ACKF) is employed to improve the position performance. The numerical simulation shows the better accuracy performance of the integrated navigation system.e and control the quality of the vector tracking loop.


Remember: Good punctuation makes a sentence clear and easy to read and understand, because it shows the grammatical structure of the text, its meaning, and often the relationship between words or clauses. With the exception of the cases described below, the rules concerning punctuation, especially commas, are not as hard and fast in English as in some other languages. Some writers use fewer marks of punctuation, but others prefer to use many. Whichever style you choose, be consistent.


Abstract: This chapter discusses the use of infrared, Raman and NMR spectroscopies for studying the structure and properties of polymeric fibres. General introductions to the techniques are given, with specific methodologies employed for polymer fibres. Examples of a few main applications of these techniques to polymer fibres are also described, namely stress measurement, orientation determination and dynamic measurements. The theory behind the use of these spectroscopic methods is also given. New directions and modern developments in technology are also presented.


The damping characteristics of Ti{sub 50}Ni{sub 49.5}Fe{sub 0.5} and Ti{sub 50}Ni{sub 40}Cu{sub 10} ternary shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been systematically studied by resonant-bar testing and internal friction (IF) measurement. The damping capacities of the B19{prime} martensite and the B2 parent phase for these ternary alloys are higher than those for the Ti{sub 50}Ni{sub 50} binary alloy. The lower yield stress and shear modulus of these ternary alloys are considered to be responsible for their higher damping capacity. For the same ternary alloy, the B19/BI9{prime} martensite and R phase also have a higher damping capacity than does the B2 {r_arrow} R, R {r_arrow} B19{prime}, and B2 {r_arrow} B19{prime}, B2 {r_arrow} B19{prime} for Ti{sub 50}Ni{sub 50} and Ti{sub 50}Ni{sub 50} and Ti{sub 50}Ni{sub 49.5}Fe{sub 0.5} alloys, the damping capacity peaks appearing in the resonant-bar test are attributed to both stress-induced transformation and stress-induced twin accommodation. The lattice-softening phenomenon can promote the stress-induced transformation and enhance the damping capacity peaks. The Ti{sub 50}Ni{sub 40}Cu{sub 10} alloy had an unusually high plateau of damping capacity in the B19 martensite, which is considered to have arisen from the easy movement of twin boundaries of B19 martensite due to its inherently very low elastic modulus.more » The peaks appearing in the IF test for the Ti{sub 50}Ni{sub 40}Cu{sub 10} alloy are mainly attributed to the thermal-induced transformation due to {dot T} {ne} 0 during the test.« less


Faustula qikouensis was collected from the intestines of Acanthogobius ommaturus,which were captured in Lianyungang,Jiangsu Province from March 2006 to April 2007;the population ecology of F.qikouensis was reported.The results indicated that the mean intensity,abundance and prevalence of F.qikouensis population were increased with the increase of host's body length.The index of mean crowding and index of dispersal of F.qikouensis population were increased with the increase of body length less than 26.5 cm,whereas the negative binomial parameter was reduced with the increase of body length.In summer,autumn and winter,the mean intensity,abundance and prevalence of trematode in hosts had little change,but these of trematode were significantly increased in spring.The frequency distribution of F.qikouensis in the intestines of host showed a great deal of trematodes existed in a small number of host,and most hosts were infected with less trematodes.The population parameters of F.qikouensis in the host of different group of body length and in different seasons showed aggregated distribution.


In order to explore the method of accurately measuring the viscosity value of oil samples using the viscometer based on Hele-Shaw principle, three different measurement methods are designed in the laboratory, and the statistical characteristics of the measured values are compared, in order to get the best measurement method. The results show that the oil sample to be measured is placed in the magnetic field formed by the magnet, and the oil sample can be sucked from the same distance from the magnet. The viscosity value of the sample can be measured accurately.


Thanks to recent technological advances Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are becoming available at some locations. Safety impacts of these devices have, however, been difficult to assess. In this paper we utilize physiological metrics to improve the performance of a reinforcement learning agent attempting to drive an autonomous vehicle in simulation. We measure the performance of our reinforcement learner in several aspects, including the amount of stress imposed on potential passengers, the number of training episodes required, and a score measuring the vehicle's speed as well as the distance successfully traveled by the vehicle, without traveling off-track or hitting a different vehicle. To that end, we compose a human model, which is based on a dataset of physiological metrics of passengers in an autonomous vehicle. We embed this model in a reinforcement learning agent by providing negative reward to the agent for actions that cause the human model an increase in heart rate. We show that such a "passenger-aware" reinforcement learner agent does not only reduce the stress imposed on hypothetical passengers, but, quite surprisingly, also drives safer and its learning process is more effective than an agent that does not obtain rewards from a human model.


This study aimed to identify the determinants affecting academic competitiveness among the high school students of Liceo de Cagayan University. The questionnaire used was adopted and modified from the study of Shwalb (1995) about the competitive and cooperative attitudes of adolescents. The questionnaire has two parts. The first part was the determinants of academic competitiveness which was measured in terms of peer pressure, parents expectations, preservation of self-image and motivation. The second part was the level of academic competitiveness in terms of gaining of self-confidence, time management, class behavior and academic achievement. Percentage and frequency distribution were employed in describing the determinants affecting academic competitiveness of respondents so as Chi-square test was used in testing the relationships between the determinants. In conclusion, the determinants of academic competitiveness were verbally described as most often competitive. The same holds through with the level of academic competitiveness wherein the indicators were verbally described as most often competitiveness. Keywords: Determinants, Academic Competitiveness, Students


This article discusses the creation of space and time for feminist approaches in higher education in the context of shifting community and employment relations and the restructuring of higher education space‐time. It draws on the reflections of three feminist academics concerning aspects of their work biographies in two very different higher education settings. It explores the shift from working in an academic department concerned with community studies to one concerned with education and related employment. The article focuses on the attempt to sustain feminist practices through these changing times and settings and is informed by the work on time and space by Barbara Adam, Henri Lefebvre and Doreen Massey.


This study was conducted in Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Field Crops Laboratory in January 2018. In this study, parameters of germination and seedling development of hungarian vetch (Kansur) and common vetch (Zemheri-08) species were examined. Seeds of these species were germinated using different saline solutions (0, 250, 750, 2250, 5000, 10000 ppm). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Observations were made every day at the same time, seeds with radicle length exceeding 1 mm were considered germinated. Seeds were monitored for fourteen days at 20°C in the air-conditioning cabinet. The germination habitat was adjusted for 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. According to the results of the research, the differences between species and salt concentrations in many features in terms of germination and seedling development were statistically significant, and the interaction of species and salt concentrations was insignificant. Increased salt concentrations negatively affected germination and seedling growth. In terms of germination rate, radicle and plumule length and vigor index values, hungarian vetch species has superior properties than common vetch species. For some features, higher values were obtained in 250 ppm application compared to control, while these values were in the same statistical group with control and 750 ppm application. In terms of all the properties examined the lowest values were obtained in 10000 ppm application.


In viral myocarditis, viral invasion of the heart can lead to direct and indirect inflammatory destruction of the myocardium. Various etiological agents, ranging from enterovirus to adenovirus can cause myocarditis. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous and can end up in a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype, leading to major mortality, morbidity, and years lost in children. Early recognition and diagnosis with echocardiogram, endomyocardial biopsy, and cardiac MRI is important. Treatment options include with immunosuppression and immunomodulation in the early phases and may require cardiac transplantation in end-stage heart


Today, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become a largely considered alternative technique to surgical valve replacement in patients who are not operable or patients with high risk ...


The ethiology of appendicitis is considered by many authors to be fully developed and well-known enough to be able to talk about it. Others find the ethiology dark.


The paper focuses on the role of women education in ensuring sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The paper relied on the use of secondary source of data collection for data analysis. As such, qualitative method of data analysis was employed. The concept of womanhood was defined as well as the meaning of women education. The meaning of sustainable development was also highlighted. The factors that inhibit the education of women such as cultural beliefs, low self esteem among women and inadequate infrastructures were also highlighted. The role of women in ensuring sustainable economic development such as quality leadership, increase in GDP and reduction in dependency rate in the country were also identified. Ways of improving the education of women in the country such as provision of infrastructures, proper legislation and provision of education grant to female students were similarly suggested. It was therefore recommended that for women education to contribute to sustainable economic development in the country the government must make proper legislation to support women education and the various educational stakeholders must contribute immensely to the success of women education in the country. Key words: Women Education, Sustainable Development, Quality Leadership, Insecurity and Gender Equality


We consider an asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access system in the near-far situation with additive white Gaussian noise. To suppress multiple access interference, we propose an adaptive receiver scheme that has a faster convergence rate than the conventional N-tap adaptive receiver (NAR). An NAR is decomposed into D<N subfilters and a D-tap adaptive combining filter is added at the outputs of the subfilters. The minimum mean squared error criterion is used for adaptation of both combining filter and subfilters. Computer simulation results are included to show the effectiveness of our adaptive receiver scheme.


The invention discloses a method for manufacturing seamless steel tubes, which is used for manufacturing seamless steel tubes made of low nickel heat-resisting austenitic stainless steel. The method comprising the following steps: 1) carrying out first pickling on blanks; 2) carrying out polishing, combined drawing and rolling and oil removal on the blanks undergoing pickling; 3) judging whether the finished product requirements are satisfied, if not, carrying out solution heat treatment, straightening and pickling on the intermediate products and repeating the step 2; 4) if so, carrying out solution heat treatment, straightening and fixed cutting on the finished products; and 5) pickling the finished products. The temperature is controlled between 1065 DEG C and 1085 DEG C when carrying out solution heat treatment on the intermediate products and between 1005 DEG C and 1025 DEG C when carrying out solution heat treatment on the finished products. The method solves the problems in the prior art, saves energy and has simple processes.


In this paper a cement-based piezoelectric sensing system,including a sensing element,a small scale home made amplifier,and a home made(analog-digital) conditioner,is developed.The sensing system has some advantages,such as compatibility with concrete,good durability and low cost.The dynamic responses of a prism and a two story model frame structure are measured by using the developed sensing system for checking its performance.From the test results,it is found that the frequency independency and linearity of the cement-based piezoelectric sensor don't change after embedded into concrete and the developed sensing system can measure the stresses of the frame under the loading induced by shaking table with both harmonic and earthquake ground motions.Thus,it is valid and reliable for the cement-based piezoelectric sensing system to monitor the performance of concrete structure.


The purpose of this study was to produce student worksheet, which have quality to use in the differential equations learning process. The main method involved a research and development study. It developed student worksheet with lesson study, which consisting of four primary steps: plan, do, see, and reflect. The data collecting instruments included student worksheet validation sheets, observation sheets, questionnaires, and tests. The collected data were those on the quality of the developed product: the validity, reliability, and effectiveness.
The result indicated that student worksheet was valid, practical, and effective to use in the differential equations learning process.

Keywords: student worksheet, higher education, lesson study


Waste streams from different silyl chloride production process are combined and reacted in a separate recovery process. Useful materials may be obtained from silyl separate recovery process.


A process for preparing oligosaccharides substances called TAI-A and TAI-B and new products thus obtained. These products are obtained by inoculating a seed of calvus Streptomyces strain TM-521 in an aqueous nutrient medium, cultivating it with shaking or a submerged culture method with aeration, and separating the amylase inhibitors produced, said TAI -A and TAI-B from the culture broth. The present invention is particularly useful to provide substances called TAI-A and TAI-B, having a strong inhibitory activity vis-a-vis the amylase and invertase, and being used in particular to combat obesity, diabetes, pre-diabetes, gastritis, stomach ulcer, hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia.


Two non colored and one colored rice varieties from Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia were analyzed to determine the phytochemicals and antioxidant properties as natural antioxidant sources. Different brans of rice varieties divided into two groups: red rice and non colored (Superwin and Cigeulis) were macerated by ethanol (70%) and extracted with organic solvents (butanol, ethyl acetate and hexane). Antioxidant properties were determined by means of radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyn (DPPH) assay, total phenol content (TPC), total anthocyanin content, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay. The phytochemical analysis indicated rice bran crude extracts contained phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid, steroid and saponin compounds. Red variety had the highest DPPH scavenging radical activity (88.29 ± 5.62%), with the lowest IC 50 value (26.26 ± 0.95 µg/ml) and highest total anthocyanin content (68.61 ± 1.98 mg/g). The colored varieties had better antioxidant properties than non colored varieties. It can be concluded that colored varieties could be used as a natural antioxidant source.


Objectives:To discuss the necessity and feasibility of legislation on essential drug system in China and to present legislative models and framework.Methods:Problems that exist in essential medicine system were summarized and the foundations and reference of legislation on essential drug system in China were analyzed.Results and Conclusions:Legislation on essential drug system in China should be quickened and relative supporting measures should be also developed to improve the enforcement and maneuverability of essential medicine system and the demands for essential drug of publics will be matched.


In this paper, we present a new approach to model the computer system security based on Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets (GSPN) and Game Theory. Attack against a system is dependent on attacker's malicious behavior. An attack at least has two essential elements. First, the attacker must decide to choose which attack action is carried out. Second, he tries to accomplish the chosen attack action. Using GSPN, we can model the attackers' decisions. Henceforth, we calculate attacker's decision probabilities using Game Theory, especially, Zero-Sum Static Game model. By application of the decision probabilities on GSPN model that are calculated by game model, we can carry out quantitative security evaluation of the model using tools such as Mobius and calculate operational measures like Mean Time to Availability Compromise and Mean Time to Integrity Compromise. Finally, a case study has been modeled and evaluated using the method proposed in this paper.


The article analyzes some peculiar features in the English translation of the glorious Ukrainian literary monument «On the Campaign of Igor» («Slovo o polku Igoreve») by the famous American researches Jack Haney and Eric Dahl. It also considers the various publications and translations of the work in English, taking into account the Ukrainian monument translation. It is stated that in America there are very few works published by the scholars on this issue. It is connected not with the lack of interest in «On the Campaign of Igor», but it is due to the work complexity with the poem, the problems of translation, and the presence of «confusing selections», as well as unawareness of the political, economic, and everyday situation of those times. It is obvious that the American textbook «On the Campaign of Igor» is a classical scientific English-language edition containing the poem text, explanations, and key aspects. It allows American students not only to study the text of the ancient Ukrainian monument in the original language, but also learn about the historical and literary situation of those times as the Americans imagine it.


We have purified a 3′-5′-exoribonuclease from mitochondrial extract of Leishmania tarentolae over 4000-fold through six column fractionations. This enzyme digested RNA in a distributive manner, showed a high level of specificity for 3′-terminal Us, and was blocked by a terminal dU; there was slight exonucleolytic activity on a 3′-terminal A or C but no activity on a 3′-terminal G residue. The enzyme preferred single-stranded 3′-oligo(U) overhangs and did not digest duplex RNA. Two other 3′-5′-exoribonuclease activities were also detected in the mitochondrial extract, one of which was stimulated by a 3′-phosphate and the other of which degraded RNAs with a 3′-OH to mononucleotides in a processive manner. The properties of the distributive U-specific 3′-5′-exoribonuclease suggest an involvement in the U-deletion RNA editing reaction that occurs in the mitochondrion of these cells.


We study the problem of multi-access coded caching (MACC): a central server has N files, K (K ≤ N) caches each of which stores M out of the N files, K users each of which demands one out of the N files, and each user accesses z caches. The objective is to jointly design the placement, delivery, and user-to-cache association, to optimize the achievable rate. This problem has been extensively studied in the literature under the assumption that a user accesses only one cache. However, when a user accesses one or more caches, this problem has been studied only under the assumption that a user accesses z consecutive caches with a cyclic wrap-around over the boundaries. A natural question is how other user-to-cache associations fare against the cyclic wrap-around user-to-cache association. A bipartite graph can describe a general user-to-cache association. We identify a class of bipartite graphs that, when used as a user-to-cache association, achieves either a lesser rate or a lesser subpacketization than all other existing MACC schemes using a cyclic wrap-around user-to-cache association. The placement and delivery strategy of our MACC scheme is constructed using a combinatorial structure called maximal cross resolvable design.


Critical Infrastructures are so crucial to the society and community that a disruption of it can cause great damage. Many of these identified Critical Infrastructures are controlled by control systems like SCADA or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. Because of this, SCADA becomes a target of terrorists and other threats. In this paper, we discuss the relationship of Critical Infrastructure and SCADA, the threats and vulnerabilities and provides steps to minimize these threats and vulnerabilities. We also discuss the function of SCADA systems and other control systems to sectors which were considered Critical Infrastructure.


The project consista of the systematizing of the development of an audiovisual strategy for the brand Castellano Ethnic Origins in order to achieve major spreading and to extend the hearings that have in social networfcs to increase the purchases of his produets. Equally. for the creation of a campaign of crowdfunding that sought to obtain income for the creation of a new line of produets. All that under the mission of empower to the hard-worfcing women in this business by means of the crafts. Likewise thero was analyzed the vertebral column of the occupation of this company and how by the entrepreneurehip and the fair trade the culture of the Wayuu can continue being preserved.


ABSTRACT Based upon light scattering techniques, a turbidimetric spectrum method and corresponding inversion algorithm for particle size characterization are presented. Comprehensive theoretical analysis and computer simulation show that the presented method is capable of determining not only average particle diameter, but also particle size distribution in a very broad size range. In this paper the emphasis is on and limited to this method's applicability to fine particle size analysis, ranging from tens of nanometers to several micrometers. Experimental studies are carried out with submicron monodispersed lattices. The results of comparative measurements using the photon correlation spectrum (PCS) and presented turbidimetric spectrum method are also given. It shows that the agreement is good.


The lignite samples loaded with K,Ca,Ni and Fe were devolatilized in a fixed-bed reactor to prepare the corresponding chars which were measured by nitrogen adsorption to obtain the parameters of pore structure,and the effects of catalysts on the pore structure change and steam gasification reactivity were analyzed.The morphology of the chars and the catalyst dispersion were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope(SEM).Most of the pores of chars resulting from lignite loaded with Ca,Fe and Ni are mesopores and macropores,but the raw char mainly consists of micropores and mesopores.The micropore area and external surface area of chars resulting from lignite loaded with Ca,Fe and Ni become smaller and larger than that of the raw char respectively,but the micropore area and external surface area of K-char are both significantly smaller than that of the raw char.The SEM images of chars show that porous structure with rough surface and structure with longitudinal tube walls coexist in raw char,Ni-char and Fe-char,but in the case of K-char and Ca-char,only porous structure with rough surface is observed when the catalyst loading is increased to 10%.The reactivities of K-char and Ca-char increase with catalyst loadings,but the surface area of K-char decreases evidently with catalyst loading and the surface area of Ca-char decreases first and then increases with catalyst loading.


This is a highly commendable book that fills an obvious gap in the literature. The editors have opted for consistency of approach and presentation over the narration of national diversity. This is undoubtedly the right approach and the comparative framework allows for the similarities and differences to be gauged between the social democratic parties of all 15 member-states of the European Union (EU). This is a book that every library should order; at £45.00, it should be read in the library. The theoretical overview is presented in an introduction by Philippe Marliere and a short conclusion by Robert Ladrech. The standard is set in the introduction by Marliere, who establishes the criteria according to which each party is to be measured: these include historical development, party organization, party membership, electoral sociology, party programmes and policy achievements. While no one can challenge the importance of these criteria, one regrets the absence of intra-party factionalism and relationships with neighbouring parties as additional explanatory variables. Extrapolating common characteristics across 15 parties and a broad sweep of history is an ambitious and difficult exercise. Though Marliere acquits this task with honour, there are bound to be some questionable assumptions. This is the case on p. 11, for instance, where governmental experience is equated in a rather peremptory manner with electoral decline; this makes it difficult to account for the oscillating fortunes of social democratic parties and deserves more qualification. To my mind, the most interesting research questions are those elucidated by Robert Ladrech in the (very short) conclusion. These include the confrontation between the traditional social democratic project and the direction of European integration; the reinvention of the European level as an appropriate level for European political action; and party adaptation to external and internal pressures. These questions are rather side-stepped in the party-specific chapters, however; the format offered allows a taster rather than a full investigation.


This paper compares the economic integration processes of the European Union and the East Asian nations and comments on the possible reciprocal lessons, if any, that can be drawn to smooth the future paths of the two groups. The most relevant lessons on the EU side rely on strong institutionalization, structural policies, and the monetary union. Lessons from East Asia can be found in regional production networks, trade patterns, and the recent developments in financial cooperation. Both entities are presently facing difficult challenges to progress and growth.


IN the January number of this Magazine there appeared a rejoinder by Messrs. Kitchin and Pringle to observations published by myself on their reading of the stratigraphical position of the Hunstanton Red Rock and its relation to the beds above and below. Since the following is intended as an answer to this, it is almost inevitable that it should be written in the first person. For this unavoidable egotism apologies are offered to readers.