Fine root biomass and ingrowth biomass in several tropical communities were measured. Results showed that the biomass of primary community was low from February to June and high from June to December, and the peak value was presented in October. Died fine root biomass of primary community reached the highest in April and fell at the lowest in August. In the 15-year-old community and artificial community, died fine root biomass dynamic was similar with that of the primary community. Fine root biomass in 30-year-old community was high from June to October and low in February, and died fine root biomass was high in June and low in August. The ingrowth biomass of primary community and artificial community reached the highest from April to June, and fell at the lowest from last December to February in artificial community.


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * User data compiled by social media companies is not audited, and there is little consistency in the way companies determine these nonfinancial metrics (such as Facebook "likes"). * The use of nontraditional, nonfinancial metrics as performance indicators is a potential concern for regulators and auditors responsible for ensuring the accuracy of financial reporting. * Social media companies may view nonfinancial metrics as performance indicators, but there does not appear to be a clear link between such metrics and profitability. * The SEC provided guidance that companies should identify and discuss key performance indicators, including nonfinancial ones that would be material to investors. The guidance also states that when no common method exists for calculating a specific metric, the company should provide an explanation of its calculation. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] In November 2013, SEC Chair Mary Jo White questioned whether investors could project a company's future potential from "unique financial or operational metrics" that may not be an indicator of future profitability. These comments followed Twitter's initial public offering (IPO), which raised $1.82 billion through the planned sale of 70 million shares at $26 per share. Twitter's IPO was, at the time, the second largest in history for a U.S. internet company despite Twitter's disclosure in its first public financial statement that it lost $79.4 million in 2012 and had not been profitable for the last three years. Twitter and other social media and mobile-based companies have particular ways 'of capturing their performance levels, whether it be tweets, Facebook "likes," Pandora listener hours, visitors, or other user-based measures. The user data provided in the company's management discussion and analysis (MD&A) and elsewhere is not audited, nor is there any consistency in the way companies determine these nonfinancial metrics. One social media company may define its users in a different way than another does, hampering the comparability of user data across companies and calling into question the accuracy of the definition and calculation of these nonfinancial metrics. Social media companies appear to have fast-growing market capitalizations in common. As of March 31, Twitter boasted a $27.5 billion market capitalization. Facebook's market capitalization was $154.5 billion, and LinkedIn had a market capitalization of $23 billion. Facebook's market cap grew 154% from the quarter ended March 31, 2013, through the quarter ended March 31 of this year. In comparison, Microsoft's market capitalization increased 41%, and General Motors' increased 45% in the same period. The actual financial performance of the social media companies, however, would seem to be at odds with such numbers. Twitter is not isolated in its history of reporting losses. It would seem investors are motivated, at least in part, by nonfinancial metrics. Per their respective Forms 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, Twitter reported approximately 255 million monthly "active users," Facebook reported 1.3 billion monthly "active users," and LinkedIn reported more than 296 million "registered members." The increasing use of nontraditional, nonfinancial metrics as performance indicators is a growing concern among regulators and auditors responsible for ensuring the accuracy of financial reporting. While social media companies may view nonfinancial metrics as performance indicators, there does not appear to be a connection between such metrics and profitability, as evidenced in the scatter plots of financial performance vs. nonfinancial metrics (see Exhibit 3). This potentially could mislead investors. As the business world continues to depart from traditional brick-and-mortar companies, the auditing profession may need to reevaluate its current standards with respect to nonfinancial metrics. …


A class of inhomogeneous semilinear elliptic equations is considered. The Hopf maximum principles are used to deduce that certain functions defined for solutions of the equation attain a maximum on the boundary of the demain or at a critical point of the solution. Dirichlet problem and Neumann problem are considered also. These maximum principles may be used to determine bounds for quantities of interest in some physical problems. Our results generalize and deepen those from corresponding work in [5, 6].


The switching of shunt bank in HVDC converter station causes voltage fluctuation in the weak surrounding ac system,which limits the maximum size of installed capacity.In order to reduce the total area occupation and installation cost for shunt banks,application of Static Var Compensator(SVC) in the converter station is investigated based on the Nuozhadu-Guangdong±800 kV UHVDC Transmission Project.Compared to regular capacitors,SVC has the advantages of bigger shunt bank size,smaller area occupation and less investment cost.However,SVC introduces complexity to the system control and operation,It is suggested that feasibility and economy for SVC application in HVDC converter station should be determined by comprehensive technical and economic analysis and evaluation in practical application.


The naphthoresorcinol reaction for the colorimetric determination of glucuronic acid has been investigated. The interference of glucose has been minimized by incor-porating glucose, to approximate serum levels, in the glucuronolactone standards and adhering to exact analytic conditions. The colored product is extracted into /(cid:1),fi'-dichioroethyl ether and the absorbance is measured at 580 mis. THE ACCt(cid:1)ltATE ESTIMATION of the glucurorric acid content of biologic materials is difficult many different approaches have Among these reactions


The concept of CSR was subject to multiple approaches and research perspectives (Gond & Igalens, 2008). Its application in the Anglo-Saxon context revealed a lack of consensus on identifying its dimensions (Auperles et al., 1985). In this study, we will try to empirically explore this concept in the Tunisian context. In this regard, a quantitative questionnaire-based survey of Tunisian companies highlights the four-dimensional nature of social responsibility, with philanthropic responsibility standing out as the most influential dimension in CSR perception in Tunisia.


In combination with the actual situation of Beijing Forestry University Library of paper journals and electronic journals were analyzed and compared two different types of journals that their respective advantages and disadvantages;paper journals and the need for coordinated development of electronic journals.Through the analysis put forward two complementary journals and coordinated development of some ideas.


Abstract  Aim:  The information currently available suggests that nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) transmitters, particularly nitric oxide, are involved in the relaxation of penile erectile tissues. Platelet‐activating factor (PAF) is a chemical mediator and is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological events. It is well known that several of the vascular actions of PAF are mediated by the generation of nitric oxide. We designed this study to test the hypothesis that PAF has an effect on NANC responses in rabbit corpus cavernosum strips.


Introduction:
 Multiple trials demonstrate efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) for lowering cardiovascular risk. Imaging studies suggest this benefit may relate to measurable effects on coronary plaque. Interestingly, EPA mixed with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has largely failed to show clinical benefit. The differential effects of EPA and EPA/DHA on coronary plaque burden and characteristics, including prognostically significant features such as lipid volume, remain unclear.

 Methods:
 We performed a systematic review of clinical trials that longitudinally measured coronary plaque volume in patients randomized to statin+EPA or statin+EPA/DHA versus statin alone, and performed network meta-analysis to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) of these treatments in percent change of total plaque volume and plaque lipid volume.

 Results:
 Ten trials comprising 860 patients met inclusion criteria among 535 articles. Four studies used intravascular ultrasound, three used coronary CTA, and three used optical coherence tomography. Among statin, statin+EPA, and statin+EPA/DHA treatments, random effects analysis yielded changes of +1.7% [-2.8%, +6.3%], -11.0% [-20.7%, -1.3%], and -3.4% [-14.5%, +7.8%] in total plaque volume and +3.1% [-1.6%, +7.8%], -19.8% [-27.5%, -12.1%], and -6.4% [-20.3%, +7.5%] in plaque lipid volume. Compared with statin, statin+EPA achieved greater percent reduction in coronary plaque volume (total volume: SMD = 0.92,
 P =
 0.002; lipid volume: SMD = 1.04,
 P
 = 0.003) but statin+EPA/DHA showed no difference (total volume: SMD = 0.19,
 P
 = 0.58; lipid volume: SMD = 0.42,
 P =
 0.38).

 Conclusions:
 In this most up-to-date meta-analysis, EPA as an adjunct to statins is associated with significant reductions in coronary plaque burden, including plaque lipid volume - unlike EPA/DHA combinations. These differential effects on coronary atherosclerosis offer mechanistic insights to observed clinical benefits of statin+EPA therapy.


As hypercube sizes and node capabilities increase, applications such as database processing and task management which utilize parallelism within a task and between tasks are becoming important. These applications require a new routing paradigm, where data (or programs) residing an a subcube are transferred to another subcube. In this paper, we describe and analyze an algorithm for routing data from the nodes of a k-dimension subcube to the nodes of any other kdimension subcube in the hypercube. We show that the algorithm enables data transfer between the iwo subcubes to be performed optimally in the current generatie:% direct-connect hypercubes. Also, the algorithm is very simple and can be executed in @(n) steps, where n is the dimension of the hypercube.


Abstract : The Vacuum Packaging for MEMS Program focused on the development of an integrated set of packaging technologies which in totality provide a low cost, high volume product-neutral vacuum packaging capability which addresses all MEMS vacuum packaging requirements. The program balanced the need for near term component and wafer-level vacuum packaging with the development of advanced high density wafer-level packaging solutions. Three vacuum packaging approaches were pursued: large area component level; 4"/6" wafer-level; and wafer-level microshell encapsulation. The program focused on packaging for MEMS accelerometers and gyros; IR MEMS a-Si microbolometer and ferroelectric detectors; and RF MEMS resonators. Successful demonstrations were accomplished with IR MEMS microbolometers in sub 10 mTorr vacuum packages, inertial MEMS resonant accelerometers in sub 200 mTorr vacuum packages and an RF MEMS resonator demonstration. In addition to the successful demonstrations, numerous component and wafer-level vacuum packages passed extensive MIL standard environmental tests.


The purpose of the present study was to prepare the methanolic extract and various fractions of whole plant of Alternanthera pungens and to perform preliminary phytochemical analysis and screening of analgesic activity using Tail Immersion method on Swiss albino mice. The whole plant of Alternanthera pungens was collected, powdered and extracted with methanol by maceration method. The obtained methanolic extract was fractioned into various fractions (P2 and C2) using different solvents of increasing order of polarity viz., Petroleum ether and chloroform successively and the residue left over is Hydro alcoholic fraction (H2). Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the obtained extract and fractions revealed the presence of steroids, triterpenoids, phenols and flavonoids rich in methanolic and chloroform fractions (M2 and C2). The extract and its fractions were significantly (p<0.001) reduced the pain as compare to the control group. Among all extract and fractions chloroform fraction (C2) was found to possess good analgesic activity. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 20-08-2018 Date of acceptance: 03-09-2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation Vives Habeych, Maria Carolina, "Yogurt cultures survive upon exposure to two antimicrobials and Streptococcus thermophilus ST-M5 acquired resistance to both antimicrobials" (2012). LSU Master's Theses. 789. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/789 brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk


Silane coupling agents containing organo-functional and alkoxy groups are applied to glass fiber reinforcements from an acid solution commercially. It is found that finely divided soda glass suspended in a methanol-water solution of various silanes promotes hydrolysis without the presence of an acid catalyst. When acid is present in addition to the glass, as in commercial application baths, rate of hydrolysis is lower than with either acid or glass alone. There is evidence that basic glass components catalyze hydrolysis. Further work under commercial application conditions is indicated.


Opinions about the reason for failure in Chibi differ.But very few persons have tried to find the reason from the geographical position and strategic situation of Xiakou.Xiakou "occupies the superiority of Jing Xiang and is in the important status of Jing Xiang",and is "the heart and throat" of the Jing State and Yang State.An important reason for Cao Cao's failure in the Battle of Chibi is that after occupying Jiangling,Cao Cao was arrogant because of victory.Neglecting the important strategic status of Xiakou,Cao Cao didn't follow up to victory to pursue and attack Liu Bei to occupy Xiakou,the important strategic place.Therefore,Liu Bei could get a breathing spell and ally himself with Sun Quan,which caused the disastrous failure of Cao Cao.


There are two Linear A inscriptions that may date from the LM II period, and in view of their possible date in what is otherwise an epigraphic lacuna between the latest stage of Linear A (LM IB) and the earliest of Linear B (LM IIIAl) they deserve close attention.' These two inscrip tions are both from Knossos, one on a pithoid jar from the so called Minoan Unexplored Mansion; and the other on the doorway of the Kephala Tholos Tomb, 15 minutes walk north of the Palace of Minos. 2


Background: Tumours and metastases of the spine are extremely stressful for patients. A radical surgery of metastases of the spine is not possible in many cases. Especially higher risk elder multimorbid patients are at risk. The therapeutic goals are always: small invasiveness, high efficiency of tumour removal, fracture repositioning, stabilisation, pain reduction, improving the patient's life quality. The specialness and difficulties of the diagnosis and therapy with the Cavity/Coblation-method the operative technique, results of the treatment of more than 274 patients with vertebral body tumours/metastases is going to be presented. Materials and methods: Patients: Patients of every age with destruction were treated: with osteolysis, Fractures of the spine caused by spinal tumours and metastases. Diagnosis preoperatively was evaluated through X-Ray, MRT, CT, complete body PET, histology. Cavity/Coblation method: The tumour tissue resection in the vertebra was carried out by the plasma field (T 42C, cold energy) over the percutaneous transpedicular or extrapedicular access and was followed by vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty with PMMA bone cement. This was followed up with clinical and radiological examinations, including data concerning pain and improvement of life quality after 2,14 days as well as 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months postoperatively. Results: Within 6 years (03/08-04/14) more than 274 patients (171 female, 103 male, age range of 31-92 y. old average age of 65.7) or 895 vertebral bodies with tumours or metastases were treated. In 61 cases of 274, dorsal percutaneous instrumentation und straightening was an additional treatment. A small amount of blood loss and a very low complication rate was recorded. Postoperatively was shown by all patients an obvious reduction of pain, increase in life quality, satisfaction with the operative result, rapid mobilization was possible as well as the immediate radiation and chemotherapy for reduction of the local tumour recurrence rate. The complications were as follows: in 39 cases of 274 a cement leakage occurred laterally or in the intervertebral disc space without clinical relevance. 194 patients (105 women, 89 men) are now deceased due to tumour manifestations. Conclusions: Coblation/Cavity has shown itself to be a safe, minimal invasive procedure with good short and long term results, a low complication rate, blood loss and short surgery times. The total local recurrence rate for all patients with spine metastases in the study was in 35 from 250 cases/patients with metastasen or only in 14.0%. Following things are important: a comprehensive diagnostic including tumour staging, correct indication, prognostic assessment and precise surgical technique. The method bears much promise for the future.


We studied the construction and thermal properties of walls insulated with reed, to enable comparisons with other wall structures that are widely used in building. In 2010 we built a test house insulated with reed adjacent to the Estonian University of Life Sciences in Tartu. The load-bearing structure of the house was a timber frame, and four different technologies were used to place reed insulation in its external walls. The thickness of the reed layer was 450 mm in all cases, and both sides (inside and outside) of the walls were rendered with clay plaster. Records were kept of time spent and materials used in construction of the different types of walls, and these data were used to calculate unit (m) requirements of time and materials for each wall type to enable direct comparisons. From October 2010 to March 2012, heat flow plates were used to measure the thermal transmittance of the walls of the completed house and the results were compared with the thermal transmittance requirements set by Estonian legislation. Only one of the test walls met the Estonian standard. This was insulated with compressed loose reed, placed horizontally in the wall.


PURPOSE
To report a case of feline bilateral corneal dermoids, associated with unilateral iris coloboma and bilateral choroido-scleral colobomas in the same dorsolateral position, to describe retinographic and optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics, surgical outcome, and follow-up.

ANIMAL STUDIED
A 9-month-old domestic shorthaired cat in which a full ophthalmoscopic examination was performed for evaluation of dermoids resulting in a diagnosis of associated iris coloboma in one eye and posterior colobomas in both eyes.

PROCEDURES
Retinographies and OCT were performed under anesthesia to characterize the lesions of both fundi and allow surgical excision of the corneal dermoids.

RESULTS
Ophthalmoscopy and retinographies revealed oval lesions in the dorsolateral fundi of both eyes. The lesions precisely mirrored their respective dermoids' (10-11 h OD and 1-2 h OS) clock positions, lacked a tapetum lucidum and choroidal vessels, and featured thin retinal vessels plunging to a posterior plane of the fundus. OCT crossline scans demonstrated preservation of retinal thickness and morphological layering in the fundic colobomas leading to the conclusion that the colobomas were purely choroido-scleral. The outcome of the surgical excision of the dermoids was satisfactory without hair recurrence and with acceptable corneal clarity making it possible to visualize the unilateral associated iris coloboma. Follow-ups did not reveal any fundic evolution nor retinal detachment.

CONCLUSIONS
Retinographies and OCT made possible the characterization of choroido-scleral colobomas associated with corneal dermoids in this first reported case in a cat. We hypothesize that the recently described superior ocular sulcus might be the embryological link between these anomalies.


Neuronal background activity in associative (area 5) and certain projection regions (SI, AI, AII) of the cerebral cortex was studied in curarized cats. Different types of the neuronal activitke intervals distribution and autocorrelation function. All these statistical parameters indicated that the background activity of associative neurons significantly differed from that of projective field neurons. Bursts generation was the main peculiarity of the background activity of auditory cortical neurons. According to all the parameters studied the level of the background activity in the somatic sensory cortex was lower. The probable functional significance of these differences is discussed.


The subject of this paper is the development of an innovative tariff system for a public Low Voltage Direct Current (LV DC) distribution network by Dutch distribution system operator Liander. Today's distribution networks face numerous transformations. The increasing penetration of distributed renewables and storage systems, which generate DC power or require an intermediate DC stage, and the growth of appliances, based on power electronics and consuming DC power, bring to the possibility to use DC distribution networks. Liander is developing a public low voltage DC distribution network, which will connect DC supply with DC demand in the most efficient way. For this local DC network Liander is developing a new tariff system, which will contribute to reduction of integral social costs for both the customer and the distribution system operator. A new tariff system will offer incentives, which will stimulate customers of a local DC grid to collaborate and to balance with each other. This paper sketches contours of a new tariff system and describes the basic elements of this system.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of open method tympanoplasty with mastoid obliteration with homograft tooth and reconstruction of the attic wall.

METHOD
Fifty-two cases with cholesteatoma or skeletal ulcer otitis media were performed the open method tympanoplasty with mastoid obliteration with homograft tooth and reconstruction of the attic wall after radical mastoidectomy.

RESULT
External auditory canals of 48 patients were normal in appearance. The transplanted membrane in 46 ears was survived. The dry-ears rate was 92.31% and the average time waited till dry-ears was 17.56 +/- 4.16 days. The air-conducting hearing levels of average language frequency have been enhanced over 15 dB HL in 41 ears. An air-bone gap of less than 20 dB HL was achieved in 31 ears.

CONCLUSION
The open method tympanoplasty with mastoid obliteration with homograft tooth and reconstruction of the attic wall can recovery the anatomic structure and physiological function of external auditory canal and middle ear better. The long-term effect on improving hearing was significant.


Having reviewed 238 cases of developmental prosopagnosia (DP) that met their criteria, Geskin and Behrmann (2017) found that only ~20% exhibit normal object recognition. This figure likely underestimates the proportion of individuals with a selective face perception deficit ('pure cases') as many DPs exhibiting accurate object recognition were excluded from the authors' primary analysis because response time data were unavailable. Nevertheless, it is clear that object recognition problems frequently co-occur with DP. What does this mean? Geskin and Behrmann argue that this indicates that DP is caused by a domain-general cognitive-perceptual deficit. We suggest an alternative interpretation. According to the independent disorders hypothesis, forms of developmental agnosia affecting faces (DP), objects (developmental object agnosia; DOA), and bodies (developmental body agnosia; DBA) are best characterised as independent neurodevelopmental conditions that co-occur; that is to say, the incidence of DOA and DBA is higher in DP than in the wider population. We argue that this co-occurrence reflects common genetic or environmental risk factors.


Objective: To study the clinical effect early rehabilitation nursing in patients after total hip replacement.Methods: 30 patients after total hip replacement from June 2006-2008 was the control group,38 patients from July 2008-December 2009 was the observation group.The observation group postoperative implementation functional exercise,psychological nursing,discharge guidance.Harris scoring system by two groups of patients with hip evaluation.Results:The Harris score preoperative 1 week and postoperative two weeks of the difference between the two groups was no significant meaning;After 3 months and 6 months of Barthel index evaluation and Harris score between the two groups have the remarkable significance(P 0.05).Conclusion: Patients after total hip replacement early rehabilitation nursing can ensure the hip function resumed well,so as to improve the patient's quality of life.


A methodology for simulation of InSb MOSFETs in standard drift-diffusion simulators is presented. Due to its low bandgap and high mobility, InSb shows promise as a material for extremely high frequency active devices operating at very low voltages. Material complexities, such as non-parabolicity, degeneracy, mobility and Auger recombination/generation are explained, and physics based models are developed. This methodology is then applied to the examination of the leakage current, transconductance and maximum unity current gain frequency of the exclusion/extraction MOSFET. Its scaling properties down to 0.15 /spl mu/m are also analyzed.


This paper presents the arrangement of a minimum set of components to track the vehicular dynamical behavior of a truck or an articulated vehicle, by using interpolated-GPS signals, vehicle CAN network, and MEMS inclinometers and accelerometers attached to a single on-board computer to evaluate vehicle maneuverability and performance.


Chest x-rays are a widely used diagnostic imaging technique in the medical field, but expert interpretation can be time-consuming and subjective, leading to potential diagnostic errors. To overcome these limitations, computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems using artificial intelligence (AI) have been developed, with transformer-based object detectors showing promising results. This study explores the rib fracture detection power of an out-of-the-box transformer detector and examines its adaptability to medical imaging. A private dataset of 30,000 chest radiographs was used to conduct experiments and compare the performance of transformer-based object detectors with a traditional CNN-based Faster-RCNN implementation. A retrospective analysis showed that transformer detectors had superior performance (i.e., 25.3mAP vs. 23.6mAP). Additionally, a reader study was conducted to evaluate the added diagnostic value of the AI system when assisting two radiologists in diagnosing chest x-rays. The results showed that the AI system provided valuable support improving the true positive rates from 73.6% to 83.4%. In conclusion, the study highlights the potential of transformer-based object detectors as a valuable tool in medical imaging, particularly in the diagnosis of chest x-ray rib fractures.


A transparent electrode for an organic luminescent electronic display (OLED) requires higher transmittance and higher electric conductivity to reduce the power consumption, in order that more of the current injected into the display results in luminescence. The authors made transparent conductive multilayer coatings including layers of silver alloy with 1wt% of palladium (Pd) and 1wt% of copper (Cu) (APC) and transparent metal oxide thin film layers for the transparent electrode of an OLED. Indium tin oxide (ITO) and zinc aluminum oxide (AZO) were used as the transparent metal oxides. A multilayer transparent electrode consisting of ITO/APC/ITO and one of AZO/APC/AZO prepared by dc magnetron sputtering achieved transmittance of more than 80% in the wavelength of 450–700nm with sheet resistance of less than 10Ω∕◻. An OLED device employing a multilayer transparent electrode consisting of ITO/APC/ITO emitted light with a higher efficacy than that employing a single layer ITO. On the other hand, the multilaye...


The term 'approximate lexicography' was introduced by Grefenstette (1998) as a promising way forward—a third way—between warring factions in linguistics (Chomsky 1957) and engineering (Brown et al. 1992). Like most compromises, this one is not perfect, but not bad. Grefenstette attributed approximate lexicography to several people, including Adam Kilgarriff, Jeremy Clear and myself, but in fact, my generation came to this position only after years of persuasive arguments by John Sinclair.


Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN) are a promising new technology for monitoring soil information with a high spatial and temporal resolution for large areas. However, the significantly high attenuation caused by soil is the main challenge for the feasibility of WUSN. Recent theoretical results highlight the potential of smaller attenuation rates with the use of smaller radio frequencies. In this paper, experimental measurements have been conducted with commodity sensor nodes at the frequency of 433 MHz. Experiments are run to examine the received signal strength of correctly received packets and the packet error rate for a communication link. The tests show the potential feasibility of the WUSN with the use of powerful RF transceivers at 433MHz frequency. Moreover, we also illustrate a classification for wireless underground sensor network communication. Finally, we conclude that the effects of burial depth, inter-node distance and volumetric water content of the soil on the signal strength and packet error rate.


The use of a common set of semantic metadata is seen as one of the most promising developments in information exchange among public and private parties. Semantic metadata is data that provides context to core data and helps to convey the actual meaning and perspective of the information that is shared among people, systems and organizations. All information sharing activities are aimed at one objective: having the right information available to the end user, with as little loss, time delay and clutter as possible. Using a common set of semantics in electronic information exchange is believed to further reduce costs and time of information exchange, increase information quality and remove many of the unforeseen side effects and complexities of interconnecting stand alone information systems. Semantic metadata management is required in order to use semantic metadata effectively in a PPIC. A common vocabulary is of little use if it does not match organizational requirements. The main difficulty in semantic metadata management is that it touches on many elements of the organizational architecture. Semantic metadata management is primarily an alignment effort and partially a standardization effort. It includes the alignment of processes, technology and data models, both within and beyond organizational boundaries. However, many existing semantic metadata management approaches are ad hoc and lack a coordinated and premeditated approach. There are many theories and studies on individual topics related to metadata management, but a documented approach that puts all elements within the given scope in perspective is non-existent. This master thesis project was aimed at aiding those tasked with implementing a coordinated form of semantic metadata management within the domain of Public Private Information Chains (PPIC). The problem was approached from an enterprise architecture point of view. This means a broad, holistic view was applied. A PPIC is a digital information chain consisting of both public and private parties that is centered around a certain information process with a high rate of repetition and mutual responsibilities. This research project started out with a literature review and expert interviews. Best practices were extracted and tested in an in depth case study with two complementary cases in Dutch government organizations. The main research question has been answered by developing a reference architecture for semantic metadata management in a PPIC. A reference architecture is a generic blueprint that provides a holistic approach for a specific architecture archetype. It puts all elements required for semantic metadata into perspective making it easier to structure the many pieces of the puzzle. The reference architecture uses a format that on the one hand provides enough rigor to ensure interoperability, while on the other hand provides enough leeway to fit organizations with different characteristics or specific requirements. The mixture of rigor and leeway has been achieved by using both prescriptive design principles and tradeoffs that extend the design space. The reference architecture is centered around mitigating the main challenge in this domain and reinforcing one of the main potentials: reduction of complexity. Much of the complexity regarding information exchange in PPIC's is artificial, not inherently present. Challenges have arisen by creating connections between systems, processes and organizations that were never designed from the outset to be interconnected in such a way. The semantic metadata management approach that is introduced in this research has two pillars. First, a conceptual model is introduced to act as a single point of reference between all components, reducing the number of existing relations. Second, the relations between all components in the organizational architecture are actively managed. This proactive approach reduces incidents and improves information quality. The solution presented in this thesis is generic. The design principles and tradeoffs apply in a similar way to both private and public organizations. Moreover, it applies to organizations with different maturity levels in technology, data management and processes and with a varying level of ambition on this topic. In an information chain the diversity in stakeholders and their interests is a given situation. A certain degree of commitment and effort can be expected from the stakeholders in the chain, but semantic metadata management should not interfere with the private processes or bring an additional burden. The evaluated reference architecture presented in this study deals with this problem. Even though the solution is primarily aimed at providing benefits in inter-organizational information exchange, it is useful for internal use in individual organizations as well.


Unexpected sensing of noisy discharging/charging voltage of a Li-Ion cell may result in erroneous state-of-charge (SOC) estimation and low battery management system (BMS) performance. Therefore, this study gives insight to the design and implementation of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT)- based denoising technique for noise reduction of the DCV. The steps of denoising of noisy DCV for proposed study are follows. Firstly, by using the multi-resolution analysis (MRA), the noise-riding DCV signal is decomposed into different frequency subbands. Specifically, the signal processing considering high frequency component that focuses on short-time interval is absolutely necessary in order to reduce noise of the DCV. Secondly, the hard-thresholding based denoising technique is used to adjust the wavelet coefficients of the DWT for a clear separation between the signal and the noise. Thirdly, the desired de-noised DCV signal is reconstructed by taking the inverse DWT on filtered detailed coefficients. Consequently, this signal is applied to the equivalent circuit model (ECM)-based SOC estimation algorithm using the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Experimental results indicate the robustness of the proposed work.


A novel application of the evaporation rate water cycle algorithm (ER-WCA) to solve the coordination problem of directional overcurrent releays (DOCRs) in power system networks is presented in this paper. Coordination problem of DOCRs has been considered as a non-linear optimization problem with many constraints. The relay settings are considered as the decision variables for this optimization problem. Minimize the summation of the operating times of all primary relays with maintaining the coordination margin between relays pairs is the main goal of this study. The performance of the ER-WCA is evaluated in a large distribution system. The results show the ability and reliability of the ER-WCA to solve DOCRs coordination problem without any miscoordination. The effectiveness of ER-WCA is compared with other previously optimization techniques. The results proved that ER-WCA is quite competent in dealing with such problems.


The following is the report of axial fatigue tests carried out in the plastic range on smoothed specimens with uneven cross section of 0.29% carbon steel. In the completely reversed and pulsating straining tests and the completely reversed stressing tests, we made investigations of the fatigue lives and the variations of stress-strain hysteresis curves during the fatigue tests. Measuring the diametral changes on the minimum cross sectional portion of the specimens, we dealt with the results of the experiment in true stress and true strain. Since the smoothed specimens with uneven cross section did not present buckling even under high compression strain, it was possible to make tests over the wide range of strain amplitude. For the sake of comparison completely reversed straining tests were made on smoothed specimens with uniform cross section.The main results of the experiment are as follows.(1) The relations between the true strain amplitude and the number of cycles to fracture are expressed in the following formulas.(a) For the completely reversed and pulsating straining tests on smoothed specimens with uneven cross section, etaN0.51=0.41(b) For the completely reversed straining tests on smoothed specimens with uniform cross section, etaN0.41=0.16(2) The fatigue life of smoothed specimens with uneven cross section is longer than that with uniform cross section in the completely reversed straining tests. The larger the strain amplitude is, the greater the difference of the lives is.(3) Two types of fractures were observed in the completely reversed stressing tests, contracted fracture in tests with the fatigue life of less than about 100 cycles and fatigue fracture in tests with the fatigue life of above as many cycles.


The utility model discloses a temperature-adjustable heating heat-preservation technology school uniform. The temperature-adjustable heating heat-preservation technology school uniform comprises a school uniform body, wherein a plurality of carbon fiber heating bodies, a temperature control switch and a rechargeable battery charged by being externally connected with a charger are arranged in the school uniform body, the carbon fiber heating bodies are arranged at corresponding human body cold-fearing parts in the school uniform body, the two end of each carbon fiber heating body are respectively connected with an automatic power-off temperature controller, the automatic power-off temperature controller of one end of each carbon fiber heating body is connected with the temperature control switch through a first waterproof wire, and the temperature control switch is connected with the rechargeable battery through a second waterproof wire. The temperature-adjustable heating heat-preservation technology school uniform has the advantages of being light, capable of adjusting temperature and keeping temperature, capable of emitting heat continuously to achieve the heat-preservation effect for a long time and capable of relieving the burden on the body of a child and increasing activities, enabling the child to feel comfortable, increasing activities, being favorable for study and physical and psychological health, saving the trouble of clothes washing for parents, and meeting the requirements of the market.


Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that is associated with permanent disability and decreased life expectancy. Regaining life roles pertaining to living situations, relationships and lifestyle are important for an individual who sustained a SCI. Thus, community reintegration as the main goal for rehabilitation of has been viewed by researchers as vital. The overall aim of the study is to investigate the factors associated with community reintegration after a traumatic spinal cord injury. The study utilized a mixed methods approach, specifically the sequential strategy. For the quantitative component of the study, data was collected from individuals who sustained a traumatic spinal cord injury residing in the Cape Metropolitan region in the Western Cape. Self-administered questionnaires to determine the factors predicting community re-integration namely were used and included the Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale2 (SPRS2) and the Community integration Questionnaire (CIM). For the qualitative data collection, the sample included individuals who took part in the quantitative component who were willing to participate. No "a priori" sample size was calculated and data collection continued until saturation was reached. Quantitative data was captured and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data and was presented using frequency tables expressed as percentages, means and standard deviations. Inferential statistics were used to determine the associations between socio-demographic characteristics, self-efficacy and both psychosocial and community reintegration. The qualitative data was transcribed and categorized into emerging themes. Ethical approval was received was all the relevant authorities. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the study and trustworthiness was ensured by maintaining credibility and confirmability. A total of 102 participants participated in the quantitative part of study and had a http://etd.uwc.ac.za/ mean age of 37.6 years. The highest proportion (58.8 %) of individuals were classified as paraplegic, and 43.2% of injuries occurred due to motor vehicle accidents. The demographic information and the two scales produced very strong significant results utilizing the student ttest the SPRS2 and employment status (p = 0.00); CIM and level of injury (p= 0.000), residential status (P= 0.000). In the correlation analysis utilizing Pearsons correlation the SPRS2 was significant with age (p=0.021; r= 0.228), year of injury (p= 0.007; -0.266), CIM (p= 0.000; r= 0.527). CIM was significant with age (p= 0.014; r= 0.243), year of injury (p= 0.001; r= 0.316).The Qualitative themes included perceptions and attitudes of people; mobility aid; gangsterism/ crime; self-improvement; secondary complications; reliance on primary caregivers; transportation. With increased age and time of injury higher scores were observed in the measures. This could suggest that the older the participants the longer they have been living with their injury and could have had more time to adjust and adapt to their new life circumstances. To most of the participants increasing their education/ skill level and obtaining gainful employment seemed to be one of their main goals that they would wish to achieve. Community reintegration for TSCI is a very complex and multi-faceted phenomenon. Despite tremendous life altering injuries a sense of hope and optimism and a very strong sense of survival and coping mechanisms are vital to successful adaptation. The fear of crime and violence, inability to navigate the terrain due to inappropriate wheelchairs or weakness and lack of caregiver support also resulted in a huge impact on these TSCI individuals to become reintegrated into their communities. Unfortunately violence, access to transport and appropriate wheelchair prescription seemed to be a reoccurring theme. These issues can only be addressed with improved government intervention and policy. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/


"With new stores opened in Iraq, Libya, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, Mavi General Manager Cuneyt Yavuz explains that popular Turkish television shows have had a positive influence in increasing their regional sales. Turkish television series are breaking rating records in the Middle East, which in turn is positively affecting the trade volume of Turkish firms operating in the region. According to Cuneyt Yavuz the General Manager of the famous ready- to- wear brand, Mavi is extre...


The issue of interaction between nearby footings is of paramount practical significance. The interference effect should be taken into account since the footing may really be separated from or bounded by other footings on one or both sides. In this regard, this paper studies the effect of two nearby interfering strip footings embedded in saturated cohesive soils, which will help to provide a better understanding of the impact of footing depth on the interference effect. A numerical study is carried out using the finite element program (Midas GTS-NX), and the behavior of closely placed strip footings embedded in the saturated cohesive soils is investigated under the influence of different factors such as the spacing between footings, the depth of footings, soil undrained shear strength, and the groundwater table. It was concluded that the soil cohesion and the footing depth ratio have a notable influence on the interference of closely spaced footings. For all cohesion values, it has been observed that the spacing needed for interference to vanish decreases with an increase in the depth of the footing and water table. In addition, as the S/B ratio increases, the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) of interfering footings decreases until it reaches the same value as an isolated footing at greater spacing. The UBC is approximately 10% higher at S/B = 1 compared to the isolated footing. However, at S/B = 1, the UBC of two footings achieves a value equal to that of an isolated footing and does not change when the S/B ratio increases. With increasing footing depth, there is an increase in UBC. Finally, the highest values of x were obtained in all cases when Cu = 40 kPa. This indicates that the interaction between footings is greater when the soil is softer. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-03-017 Full Text: PDF


Purpose: We performed this study to investigate the clinical features of febrile seizure (FS) and to identify prognostic factors of recurrence of FS...


An 84yearold man was referred with dysphagia and significant weight loss for past 6 months. He worked as a laboratory worker, which involved industrial research. There was no history of cough, chest pain or respiratory distress. Gastroscopy demonstrated an oesophageal stricture at 34 cm from incisors (figure 1). Contrastenhanced CT of the chest demonstrated wall thickening of the distal oesophagus (figure 2). Radial Endoscopic ultrasound demonstrated circumferential irregular thickening of the oesophageal wall (figure 3). EUSguided fine needle biopsy was performed and histopathological examination reported atypical epithelioid cells with nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromasia


Purpose: To study the effect of the extract of Pleurotas sapidus on 4 tumor cell lines (human he-{patoma} cell Q-3, human gastric cancer cell MGC-803, human cervical carcinoma Hela cell, murine lung adenocarcinoma cell SPC-A-1). Methods: The survival cells and protein synthesis of tumor cell lines treated for 24 h with 10+{-1} g/ml~10+{-6} g/ml of the water and ethanol extracts from Pleurotas sapidus were determined by crystal violet staining and by Bradford assays. Results: ①There was a significant growth inhibition of tbe cell survival and protein synthesis of the cell lines at a dose of 10+{-1} g/ml of the water and ethanol extracts; ②The growth inhibition was found in different dose groups of ethanol extract. In the normal liver cells, the cell survival was not affected and the protein synthesis increased. Conclusion: The inhibition of the tumor cell lines with the extracts from Pleurotas Sapidus may be related to the inhibition of cell growth and protein synthesis.


with the chloroform-insoluble residue, the lower-phase lipids and the upper-phase fraction. Only the upper-phase material showed any ability to absorb antibody, and then only when phosphatidylcholine was added as auxiliary lipid. Immunofluorescence of the cells was investigated by the indirect method by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-(rabbit globulin) antiserum. By using this technique again only a fraction (1 6-27 %) of the cells were found to give a positive reaction. The appearance was typical of cell-membrane antigens, namely bright peripheral staining that did not usually involve the whole membrane. The smaller proportion of reactive cells detected by this procedure presumably reflects the threshold for detection. It also indicates further heterogeneity in the cell population with respect to this antigen, which may be useful in further characterizing these cells.


This review aims to identify the terminological equivalents for the word "canon" (Greek κανων) which refers to a particular ecclesiastical rule in the corpus of canons of the Orthodox Church. The article seeks to clarify the Finnish equivalents of normative terms and finally to evaluate their usage in the Finnish corpus through a few case studies. The study also addresses the following questions: What meaning does a particular term give to the substance itself? What differences in the usage of terms can be found?


In this paper, however, we show that it is possible to obtain high quality nonlinear compressed pulses using only one segment of readily-available highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). By directly splicing a very short (7 cm) length of HNLF to the output single mode fiber pigtail of a commercial femtosecond fiber laser, frequency resolved optical gating (FROG) confirms that nonlinear compression results in the generation of 28 fs pulses. This represents an extremely simple modification allowing an essentially loss-free factor-of-three reduction in pulse duration relative to the primary source.


Flat proton energy (50 keV – a few MeV) spectra have been measured in-situ at 1 AU in large solar energetic particle events in the past decades. The diffusive picture of particle acceleration at shocks propagating into media that enforce a uniform spatial diffusion far upstream (several hours at 1 AU) seems unable to reproduce such measurements. Hereby we use a method recently developed based on a 1D transport equation accounting for particle acceleration and escape, both allowed at all particle energies, not only the highest energies. The key ingredient of the model is that diffusion is contributed by both self-generated turbulence close to the shock and by pre-existing turbulence far upstream, so that the upstream mean free path gradually increases out to a saturation in the pristine solar wind turbulence. The steady-state spectra agree very well with in-situ measurements, confirming that escape into a medium with mean free path spatial variation is a crucial ingredient in forging the energy spectra in the proximity of shocks.


The low concentration sulfur dioxide flue gas pollution in nonferrous metals smelting industry is very serious.Based on this background,the generation,treatment,discharge and existed problem of low concentration sulfur dioxide flue gas in Guangxi nonferrous metals smelting industry were analyzed,and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were proposed from sustainable development prospective in this paper.


Phenanthrene is the representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),with the effects of carcinogenesis,teratogenesis and mutagenesis.Due to the characters of low steam pressure,high octanol-water distribution coefficient and low biological availability,it is a kind of persistent organic pollutant.Because of the wide use of fossil fuels,more and more soils are contaminated by phenanthrene.Hence,it's of great significance to make researches on phenanthrene remediation,which contributes to the reuse of contaminated soil.This article has comprehensively summarized the remediation methods of Phenanthrene in contaminated soils,including physical remediation,chemical remediation,phytoremediation,and microbial remediation.In allusion to various methods,this article introduces the principle,remediation conditions,application examples,and merits or demerits.Great emphasis is laid on the discussion of the degradation mechanism and application of phytoremediation and microbial remediation methods.Besides,the microbial properties and environmental factors was analyzed,including oxygen,nutrients,temperature,physical and chemical properties of the soil,coexistence pollutants,etc.,which may have an influence on the biological degradation.Dissolved phenanthrene has unique transport and transformation ability.Surfactants possess good dissolution effect.Therefore,choosing a suitable surfactant can improve the effects of remediation.Physical remediation with no pollution can realize desorption and concentration of phenanthrene from soil particle,but the removal rate is low.In chemical remediation,oxidants will oxidize and decompose phenanthrene,which can be converted to non-toxic and easily degradable small molecules.And the chemical elution increases the solubility of phenanthrene,which improves the ability of transport and transformation.In spite of the short processing time of chemical remediation,the addition of other reagents easily causes the second pollution.Phenanthrene can be remedied through the extraction,degradation and immobilization processes of plants,particularly in the rhizosphere of plants,which supplies microbial degradation with favorable conditions.As an organic matter,phenanthrene can provide carbon source for the microorganic growth,and decompose under the action of enzymes.However,few species can be used in the remediation with long remediation cycle,some of which may even generate toxic intermediate metabolites.Consequently,it can improve the efficiency of remediation to find a suitable species and to employ gene technology to improve biological ability or the combination of several methods.Based on the theory of co-degradation,coupled with the degradation promotion with each other in the presence of heavy metals and organic pollutants,the concept of synergetic degradation is proposed.Great interests will be focused on the new method which has synergic degradation or co-degradation effects on a variety of pollutants in the future.


With a coating powder, preferably a powder coating method for coating an electrically conductive workpiece, the following process steps: firstly cleaned and / or surface-treated workpiece by a treatment temperature sensor and the coating powder melting temperature or softening temperature of the induction heating, and then through a spraying device coating powder is sprayed onto the workpiece through the induction heating, so that the coated powder thereon is melted by induction heating of the workpiece.


manuscript can be paralleled by one used elsewhere, and where no parallel has yet been found by the editor" (p. xii). Some entries are very short, such as those on Queen Ælfgifu and Bishop Ælheah of Winchester, who are mentioned only in the Ribe martyrology (GKS 849 12mo, here given the signum C30). Other entries are very long, such as the entry on Alban the Martyr, whose name occurs in numerous kalendars, six martyrologies, eleven litanies, and an extraordinary number of collects, secrets, and postcommunions. Toy emphasizes that "[t]he minimum of comment or assessment is given in connection with the record of each saint; any more must depend on wider comparisons with texts throughout medieval Britain and indeed Europe" (p. xii). A bibliography of primary and secondary literature, a list of insular saints in the medieval liturgical manuscripts of Scandinavia, an index of liturgical forms, and a general index of personal and place names round off the volume. In his preface, Canon John Toy expresses the hope that "this present work will provide additional evidence of the English influence in the Christianisation of Scandinavia, and the continuing development of the Scandinavian church thereafter, in the shape of the wealth of liturgical texts brought over, to begin with by missionary bishops and priests and then by returning Vikings who had become Christian, and subsequently by other kinds of sustained contact" (p. xii). English Saints in the Medieval Liturgies of Scandinavian Churches does indeed provide such additional evidence, and Toy's work, the fruit of more than three decades of meticulous information gathering and laborious preparation, is a significant contribution to the field of hagiography in general and to the study of the veneration of English saints in Scandinavia in particular. By presenting also editions of the texts found in the Scandinavian manuscripts, Toy has done liturgical scholars a true service and provided them with what will become a most useful scholarly resource and a staple and reliable handbook. Kirsten Wolf University of Wisconsin, Madison


Commercial computer games for children are blamed because of their association with aggressive behaviour. However, computer games can also be used innovatively in a psychotherapeutic setting. 'Treasure Hunt' is the first professional computer game based on principles of cognitive behaviour modification. It is developed to support cognitive-behavioural treatment of children aged 9-13 years. 'Treasure Hunt' integrates several strategies of healthy thinking that have been derived from empirically supported cognitive-behavioural treatment programmes. The game is not meant to substitute the therapist, but to support therapy by offering electronic homework and rehearsing the basic psycho-educational parts of treatment. Because of their clear profile and well-described aims, cognitive-behavioural treatment programmes form an ideal basis for the design of serious games that could support psychotherapy with children and adolescents.


A new type of coating, based on carboxylato-pillar[5]arene/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) multilayer films, for the sustained release of antibiotics with in vitro antiadhesive and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is described.


Combined with the background of employment standards for early childhood professionals in America,the paper briefly introduces the employment standards for early childhood professionals in America. Meanwhile,the paper summarizes the characteristics of the employment standards for early childhood professionals in America and its enlightenments which include: the basic employment standard for teachers is that teachers should learn more about their students and understands them more; it should be emphasized that children's development is influenced by various elements,so nursery schools,households and communities should work together; culture should be included in practical standard,so that it should be explicitly required that teachers should understand children and family culture.


This study investigates the influence of roughness on hydrodynamic performance, especially for the hub vortex—and, hence, hub vortex cavitation—of a benchmark propeller operating under uniform flow conditions using the RANS method. The Schnerr–Sauer cavitation model is also used for modelling the cavitation on and off the propeller blades. In order to include the effects of roughness in the numerical calculations, the experimentally obtained roughness functions were incorporated with the wall function of the CFD solver. The applicability and effectiveness of the roughness application applied on the propeller hub as a novel concept were explored to mitigate hub vortex cavitation. The results are first validated with experimental data on smooth conditions through the propeller hydrodynamic performance characteristics and cavitation extension. Then, the propeller hub is covered with four different sizes of roughness. The results show that the degradation effects of roughness applied to the hub on propeller performance are negligible, and the maximum efficiency loss is around 0.25% with respect to the smooth condition when the propeller hub was roughened. Favourable impacts of roughness are found for the hub vortex, and hence, hub vortex mitigation. Applying the roughness on the propeller changed the flow properties (e.g., pressure, velocity and turbulent kinetic energy) inside the vortex, enabling the early breakdown of the extension of hub vortices. These flow changes in the presence of roughness result in a mitigation of hub vortex cavitation up to 50% depending on the roughness size with respect to the smooth condition. Thus, this proposed novel concept, application of roughness to the propeller hub, can be used to mitigate hub vortex cavitation, rudder erosion and propeller URN for both newly designed and retrofitted projects by keeping the efficiency loss as minimum as possible.


Cenozoic basalt-borne mafic granulite-facies plagioclase pyroxenite and eclogite-facies garnet pyroxenite xenoliths from the Hannuoba, as well as nearby Archean terrain granulites, are selected for the experimental study on the P wave velocity at high temperature and high pressure in order to reveal the present-day compositional features for the lower crust and crust-mantle transitional zone. Results show that mafic xenoliths have high Vp(7.0 - 8.0 km/s), in contrast, the Archean terrain granulites have low Vp( 7. 0 km/s) ?High Vp mafic xenoliths can represent the present-day compositional features for the lower crust and crust-mantle transitional zone beneath the Hannuoba. This provides new evidence for the crust vertical growth and the formation of the crust-mantle transitional zone resulting from the magma underplating. Low Vp Archean granulite still remains the characteristics of the early lower crust.


Purpose: To investigate the long-term outcome of patients with partially accommodative esotropia who had augmented surgery. Methods: Twenty patients with partially accommodative esotropia who underwent augmented surgery were studied retrospectively. The amount of medial rectus recession was measured based on the average of the near deviation with and without spectacle correction. During the follow-up period, the changes of refractive error and angle of deviation were evaluated and the Titmus test and Worth 4-Dot test were performed. The follow-up period was at least 24 months. Results: The average follow-up period was 51.618.16 months (2886 months). Seventeen patients showed postoperative deviations of 10 PD or less, one patient was overcorrected, two patients were undercorrected. Sensory tests were performed in 17 patients. Worth 4-dot test resulted in a fusion response at far in 6 patients and at near in 8 patients. Titmus stereotest resulted in positive fly (3000 seconds of arc) in all patients and more than 80 seconds of arc in 3 patients. Conclusions: Surgical overcorrection in patients with partially accommodative esotropia who had augmented surgery is not worrisome and augmented surgery provides some degrees of stereoacuity and fusion.


There is an international effort to develop a standardised, object-oriented "building product model" that overcomes the restrictions of conventional electronic descriptions of buildings and similar facilities. This product model is known as the Industry Foundation Class (or IFC) Model. The IFC Model consists of entities that represent a building; the properties needed to describe those entities and the inter-relationship between entities.


The present invention provides a compound sanitizers, double-stranded alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, iodide, phosphoric acid, solvent composition, the weight percentage of each component is: a double-stranded alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride: 10 ? 75%%; iodine: 0.1% to 5%; phosphate:?? 0.5% to 10%; the remainder being solvent, the present invention provides both a high iodine-based disinfectant sterilization of disinfection efficiency of fast-speed characteristics, but also having a quaternary ammonium salts of long duration characteristics of bacteriostatic bactericidal disinfectant time efficient depot sanitizers, double stranded alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and iodine cooperate with each other and synergistic effects, the same can be achieved at a lower dosage of sterilization effect, which can achieve to reduce the frequency of use, simple preparation method, use of the product made, good solubility, good stability, low cost, environmentally safe, readily biodegradable characteristics, is non-toxic non-irritating green environmentally friendly products, the process of the present invention is simple, easy to control, short production period and low production costs, suitable for industrial production.


In this work, the dielectric constant of rubidium manganese hexacyanoferrate was observed in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The SE data for e drastically varied with the phase transition between the high-temperature and low-temperature phases, e.g., the gain of the imaginary part of the dielectric constant (e″) changed 2900% at 520 nm. In a contrasting experiment, the dielectric constant in the 103–105 Hz frequency range was also measured by an LCR meter and the gain factors of e were approximately 30%. This large difference in the gain factors between SE and LCR methods is caused by the different resonance types, i.e., the SE method observes electronic resonance such as intervalence transfer band, while the LCR method observes dipolar resonance. The present work is the first SE observation of e in metal complexes, and the e data collected by an LCR meter are first to be observed in Prussian blue analogs.


By means of vanadium based anionic coordinate catalysts 1-isopropylidene-3a.4.7.7a-tetrahydroindene (I) can be terpolymerized with ethylene and propylene and copolymerized with ethylene. IR, NMR, UV spectroscopic data, and mol. wt. distributions are reported for the polymers.

The incorporation of I is predominantly by opening of the cyclohexene double bond. The content of I was generally less than 10 mole-%.

Attempts to obtain homopolymers of I and copolymers of propylene and I with this type of catalyst were unsuccessfull.

No solid polymer could be produced from I by free radical or anionic catalysts. With AIBN only oligomers were obtained which had cyanoisobutyric groups attached to the conjugated double bond system. K or KNH2 in ammonia solution react with I in equimolar ratios to give waxy products which do not contain NH2 groups. With K di-hydrogenated derivatives of I are formed.

The results have been interpreted in terms of stabilized radicals and anions derived from I which are unable to propagate.

1-Isopropyliden-3a.4.7.7a-tetrahydroinden (I) kann mit athylen und Propylen durch anionisch-koordinative Vanadin-Katalysatoren terpolymerisiert und mit athylen copolymerisiert werden. Fur die Polymeren werden die IR-, NMR- und UV-spektroskopischen Daten sowie die Molekulargewichtsverteilungen mitgeteilt.

Der Einbau von I verlauft hauptsachlich uber die offnung der Cyclohexendoppelbindung. Im allgemeinen betragt der Gehalt an I weniger als 10 Mol-%.

Versuche, Homopolymere von I und Copolymere aus Propylen und I mit diesem Katalysatortyp zu erhalten, waren ohne Erfolg.

Mit radikalischen oder mit anionischen Katalysatoren konnte aus I kein festes Polymeres erhalten werden. Lediglich mit AIBN wurden Oligomere erhalten, die Isobuttersaurenitrilgruppen, gebunden an das System der konjugierten Doppelbindungen, enthielten. In flussigem Ammoniak gelost, reagiert K oder KNH2 mit I in aquimolekularen Mengen zu wachsartigen Produkten, die keine NH2-Gruppen enthalten. Mit K werden Dihydroderivate von I gebildet.

Die Ergebnisse lassen sich durch die Annahme erklaren, das sich aus I stabilisierte Radikale und Anionen bilden, die nicht zum Wachstum befahigt sind.


Biomass production represents a fundamental biological process of both ecological and agricultural significance. The genetic basis of biomass production is unknown but asssumed to be complex. We developed a full sib, F 1 mapping population of autotetraploid Medicago sativa (alfalfa) derived from an intersubspecific cross that was known to produce heterosis for biomass production. We evaluated the population for biomass production over several years at three locations (Ames, IA, Nashua, IA, and Ithaca, NY) and concurrently developed a genetic linkage map using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers. Transgressive segregants, many of which exhibited high levels of heterosis, were identified in each environment. Despite the complexities of mapping within autotetraploid populations, single-marker analysis of variance identified 41 marker alleles, many on linkage groups 5 and 7, associated with biomass production in at least one of the sampling periods. Seven alleles were associated with biomass production in more than one of the sampling periods. Favorable alleles were contributed by both parents, one of which is from the M. sativa subsp. falcata germplasm. Thus, increased biomass production alleles can be gleaned from unadapted germplasm. Further, the positive quantitative trait locus (QTL) alleles from the parents are partially complementary, suggesting these loci may play a role in biomass production heterosis.


Diabetes is a complex and chronic illness requiring persistent medical care. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing all over the world at an alarming rate [1] and is a growing public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It can be controlled but not cured. Insufficient insulin, insulin resistance or insulin insensitivity leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Due to this, body cells are not able to utilize the glucose and ultimately lead to hyperglycaemia. Long term uncontrolled diabetes mellitus affect the metabolism of the body. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus leads to raised serum triglycerides, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and cholesterol [2]. On the other hand, low HDL was seen to be associated with Diabetes [3].


Taking advantage of the processing power that the modern smartphones possess, we advocate a privacy aware approach to predict and suggest to travelers' places of interest. This approach solves a significant privacy flaw that exists in prevalent tourism applications.


Part 1 A philosophical basis for nursing practice: Burford's philosophy for practice. Part 2 Caring as mutual empowerment - working with the BNDU Model at Burford: discovering the art of nursing - using the BNDU model in practice at Burford just following card? reflections of associate nurses in using the BNDU Model at Burford the BNDU Holistic Model for Nursing Pratice at Oxford Community Hospital applying the Burford Nursing Development Unit Holistic Model for nursing practice within an acute unit using the BNDU Model in the community Julia Farr Centre Nursing Development Unit - a model for practice the view from inside and the view from outside.


An analytical determination of the probability of scuffing is presented and used to modify and extend a computer program that was the subject of earlier work. The program identifies conditions that produce boundary or mixed lubrication with asperity overlaps for which the plasticity index is greater than 0.6. It then imposes, as a necessary prerequisite for scuffing, the condition that the surface bulk plus flash temperature is high enough to cause significant desorption of adsorbed lubricant film. For such conditions determination of the probabilities of asperity contact and of plastic asperity contact provide upper and lower bounds respectively to the probability of scuffing. It is shown that in this way critical ranges of conditions can be clearly distinguished from ranges for which scuffing is unlikely.


The article attempts to explore scientific development from a new perspective of fair. Based on an analysis of the interconnection between scientific development and fair. The article not only points out the just background but also expound and proves the concept and resort contained in the theory system of scientific development.


Under the action of disturbances in power systems, the turbine-generator shaft is subjected to mechanical stress caused by severe torsional torques. Shaft torque is proportional to the shaft twist, which is caused by the angle difference between both ends. However, observing the angle difference in an actual generation system is difficult technically. On the other hand, measuring the rotational speed of the shaft ends is relatively easy. Then if the shaft torque could be estimated effectively, it would be used in order to control the rotational speed for shaft torque reduction.


This paper outlines a framework for evaluating the asymptotic crack tip field solution incorporating Tz parameter in three-dimensional crack problems. Assessment was done based on the comparisons with analytical solutions and results from three-dimensional crack-tip finite element analysis. Fully plastic asymptotic crack tip stress field solutions were provided by carrying out detailed full field finite element analysis on single edge deeply cracked bar subjected to bending load based on a non-hardening material response. Two out-of-plane specimen thicknesses were considered for the bar to evaluate the effect of out-of-plane constraint on the distribution of crack tip stress field. The asymptotic solutions of thick bend bars were found to be contained within a Prandtl crack tip field at the center of the specimen. At the free surface of the specimen, a corner field develops, causing deviation of the J-Q-Tz solution from the three-dimensional surface crack-tip field. The results also showed that the three ...


During the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expeditions 1967-77 and 1978-79 a land party worked on Riiser-Larsenisen, an ice shelf 120 km wide on the coast of Dronning Maud Land (15· to 20·W). In February 1977 three patterns of six stakes each were laid out over areas of about 4 km2 as part of a combined investigation into absolute movements and strain-rates. Eight stakes for absolute movement were also laid out. The stakes were also used for determination of mean snow accumulation together with a stake line across the ice shelf. The positions of the stakes were determined by theodolite observations from the stake points and from trigonometric stations located on land and on an ice rise near the i ce front. In February 1979 all these measurements were repeated, and absolute movement, deformation, and mean accumulation were calculated. The absolute velocity of the ice shelf varied from 30 m aI near the grounding line to 130 m a-I near the ice front. The mean annual accumulation was 510 mm water equivalent on the outer part of the ice shelf and 580 mm at the grounding line. Based on these measurements, together with snow-density measurements down to 16 m and measurements of the height of the ice shelf, the mass balance of the ice shelf was studied. The stake pattern across the grounding line showed considerable expansion. This is interpreted as a result of water freezing in bottom crevasses made by the tides. In 1979 snow temperatures were measured in eight bore holes down to 10 m depth. The snow temperatures at 10 m depth were used as a measure of the annual mean ai r temperature. The annual mean ai r temperature ranged from -16.8·C near the ice front to -19.2·C at the grounding line. Snow temperatures in bore holes on the slope of the ice rise and inland indicate a mean atmospheric temperature inversion of 0.28°C 100 m-I for a 440 m layer near the grounding line, and 0.30°C 100 m-I for a 160 m later near the ice front. Here a mean inversion of 2.8 C 100 m-I was found for the lowest 40 m layer of the atmosphere. ICE FLOW ALONG AN IAGP FLOW LINE, WILKES LAND,


The performative representation of the Spanish Roma woman reveals a historical journey that brings her closer to many symbolic elaborations of the feminine, giving her a special affinity with the imaginary concerning the colonized woman, particularly with the Orientalist vision. Developed initially by the travelling intellectuals in Spain who sought a fusion of the topics of sexualized exoticism, the myth was reworked by local artists and thinkers without undermining their power to silence and make invisible the reality of the most vulnerable and most represented members of the ethnic group, their women. Today, a growing awareness of the importance of collective action directs Roma women to initiatives such as the revision of their historical memory, at the intersection between the external gaze and self-perception. These searches lead to the pioneering creation of community museum institutions, which have arisen around feminine Roma associations and are a symptom of an emerging desire to be heard. Based on the terminological tools shared by women and memory studies, this article seeks the personal dimension of this invitation to listen. The authors analyse a series of interviews with Roma women that investigate the social agents of representation, self-representation and their conceptual and experiential foundations.


Spirulina, blue-green algae is now worldwide used as a dietary supplement owing to its richness in protein (50-60%), antioxidants, essential fatty acids, etc. The amino acid composition of Spirulina protein ranks among the best in the plant world, more than that of soya beans.  This review article serves as an overview of why Spirulina is considered as a 'superfood'. Its methodologies of cultivation, richness in nutrients and bioactive components, therapeutic properties in the health food circuits, and versatile utilization in various food supplements are elaborately introduced. All possible fortification of Spirulina platensis emphasizing the elevation of nutrient levels in bakery products, beverages, dairy products, extruded snacks, energy bars, infant foods, and confectionaries is briefed. Beyond, these algae convert carbon dioxide into organic substances and produce oxygen during their growth in alkaline and saline water thereby not wasting fresh water and allowing the production in barren areas. Such an organism with a plethora of health profits to humans, animals and the environment is limitless and has probably more to offer in the future.


Motivated by fault detection and isolation problems, we present an approach to the design of unknown parameters and disturbances estimators for linear time-variant stochastic systems. The main features of the proposed method are: (a) the joint estimation of parameters and disturbances can be carried out; (b) it is a full-stochastic approach: the unknown parameters and disturbances are random quantities and prior information, in terms of means and covariances, can be easily taken into account; (c) the estimator structure is not fixed a priori, rather derived from the optimal infinite dimensional one by means of a sliding window approximation. The advantages with respect to the widely used parity spaceapproach are presented.


One of the complex documents in the real world is city maps. In these kinds of maps, text labels overlap by graphics with having a variety of fonts and styles in different orientations. Usually, text and graphic colour is not predefined due to various map publishers. In most city maps, text and graphic lines form a single connected component. Moreover, the common regions of text and graphic lines have similar features; hence, the separation of text and graphic lines is a challenging task in document analysis. Generally, these text labels could not be recognized efficiently by current commercial OCR systems in city map processing. In this paper, we propose an image decomposition approach based on stroke width feature to extract text labels from city maps. In our approach, we assign to each pixel of image a local stroke width based on minimum distance from borders in four directional borders. This mapping generates a suitable representation to distinguish text and non-text pixels. The experimental results on several varieties of city maps are promising.


Commentary on: Suissa S, Patenaude V, Lapi F, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD and the risk of serious pneumonia. Thorax 2013;68:1029–36.[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]

High-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) reduce the rate of exacerbations in severe and very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) when prescribed with inhaled long-acting β-agonists (LABA).1 ,2 Although LABA+ICS use is now universally recommended for severe and very severe COPD, the magnitude of their effect is disputed and they are associated with a higher risk of pneumonia.3 Risk of pneumonia has been associated particularly with fluticasone propionate, and less clearly with budesonide.4 ,5 Equivalence of potency between different …

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A polyelectrolyte architecture was fabricated that was composed of chitosan and organophosphorus hydrolase polycations along with thioglycolic acid-capped CdSe quantum dots (QDs) as the polyanion. This film was imaged by epifluorescence microscopy. UV−vis and emission spectroscopies were used to monitor the growth of the bilayer film due to the enhanced optical property of QDs. Photoluminescence of the functionalized QDs improved when sandwiched between the polycations layers. The presence of organophosphorus compounds was confirmed through photoluminescence spectroscopy.


Abstract. Baboon red cells were treated to reduce oxygen affinity by an osmotic‐pulse procedure using dimethyl‐sulfoxide. Inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) alone or IHP and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were incorporated into the red cells in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The procedure produced variable increases in the red cell P50 value, i.e., the partial pressure of oxygen at which 50% of the hemoglobin was saturated. The effect of treatment of autologous baboon red cells on the 24‐hour posttransfusion survival value and lifespan T50 value was measured using a double‐label procedure. The data demonstrate that the increase in the P50 value of treated red cells was negatively correlated with the 24‐hour posttransfusion survival value; the higher the P50 value, the poorer the 24‐hour posttransfusion survival value. The 24‐hour posttransfusion survival value for nontreated baboon red cells was 90% and the T50 value was 14 days. The IHP‐ATP‐PEG‐treated red cells had significantly higher red cell ATP levels than did IHP‐PEG‐treated red cells. The 24‐hour posttransfusion survival value was 68% for the IHP‐ATP‐PEG treated red cells and 52% for the IHP‐PEG‐treated red cells when the increase in P50 ranged from 10 to 20 mm Hg; the lifespan T50 value for both the IHP‐ATP‐PEG‐treated red cells and the IHP‐PEG‐treated red cells was 15 days. Osmotic pulse treatment produced significant red cell injury manifested by the 24‐hour posttransfusion survival value. However, modification of the RBC with IHP‐PEG or IHP‐ATP‐PEG to decrease hemoglobin affinity for oxygen did not affect their lifespan.


The influences of blow-down charging in total on the aspect of economy and environment for enterprises were analyzed. Some measures on environmental management and pollution prevention and cure aimed on blow-down charge reduction were introduced.


Pre-mixed abrasive water jets have high capabilities on machining hard materials,such as rock,metal,ceramics etc.However,it is difficult to popularize this technology extensively,due to its inconsecutive abrasive feeding process.To address this problem,a novel abrasive feeding system was put forward in this paper.In this system,a jet pump can add abrasive to two tanks and the tanks are controlled by air-operated valves to supply abrasive to the main pipe line in turn.The results of the separate tests to the jet pump indicated the optimal distance between throat and orifice was 1.5d1 and the density of the abrasive had very few influence on the entrainment process.The experiment on the whole system with an abrasive jets nozzle of 3mm in diameter also was conducted.Under the operating parameter with the pressure of 20MPa and the abrasive mass concentration of 8%,the test consumed 200kg abrasive with the duration of 30min by switching over between tow tanks 4 times.Hence,It is proved that the novel pre-mixed abrasive water jets system can meet the practical requirement appropriately and has great potential application value.


To study the function of the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) in the circadian system of Drosophila, we misexpressed the pdf gene from the grasshopperRomalea in the CNS of Drosophila and investigated the effect of this on behavioral rhythmicity.pdf was either ectopically expressed in different numbers of neurons in the brain or the thoracical nervous system or overexpressed in the pacemaker neurons alone. We found severe alterations in the activity and eclosion rhythm of several but not all lines with ectopic pdf expression. Only ectopicpdf expression in neurons that projected into the dorsal central brain severely influenced activity rhythms. Therefore, we conclude that PDF acts as a neuromodulator in the dorsal central brain that is involved in the rhythmic control of behavior. Overexpression ofpdf in the pacemaker neurons alone or in the other neurons that express the clock genes period(per) and timeless(tim) did not disturb the activity rhythm. Such flies still showed a rhythm in PDF accumulation in the central brain terminals. This rhythm was absent in the terminals of neurons that expressed PDF ectopically. Probably, PDF is rhythmically processed, transported, or secreted in neurons expressing per andtim, and additional PDF expression in these cells does not influence this rhythmic process. In neurons lackingper and tim, PDF appears to be continuously processed, leading to a constant PDF secretion at their nerve terminals. This may lead to conflicting signals in the rhythmic output pathway and result in a severely altered rhythmic behavior.


111 Background: Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy is recommended for advanced gastric cancer positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression. Despite this recommendation, an informal pilot survey suggested that many oncologists do not include HER2 testing as part of routine practice to identify patients most likely to benefit from adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy.

METHODS
An interactive online educational activity was developed to provide expert guidance on HER2 testing and use of HER2-targeted agents in gastric or GE cancer. Pre- and post-education surveys were administered as part of the activity to measure changes in participant competence. In addition, 3 months after completing the educational activity, participants were sent another follow-up survey by email to assess changes in practice.

RESULTS
To date, pre-and post-education surveys have been obtained for 122 oncologists and 3-month follow-up surveys obtained from 14 oncologists. In the pre-education survey, only 46% said they were testing all of their patients with advanced gastric or GE cancer for HER2 overexpression. However, immediately after participating in the educational intervention, this proportion increased to 93%. Importantly, a follow-up survey indicated that HER2 testing of all patients with advanced gastric or GE cancer was now part of routine practice for 79% of those surveyed. A final analysis of pre- and post-education and 3-month follow-up surveys will be presented.

CONCLUSIONS
Expert guidance on HER2 testing and use of HER2-targeted agents in gastric or GE cancer provided through an interactive online educational intervention substantially improved oncologist competence and practice patterns.


Other than as a sweetener, palm sugar block has been known for its health benefits, especially to increase stamina. In this study, functional powdered drinks had been developed using palm sugar with the addition of spices (lemongrass, cinnamon, cloves, white ginger, and red ginger). This study aimed to analyze consumer preferences for these functional drinks based on respondent social characteristics as well as the properties of the products, such as aroma, taste, color, and texture. The results of the study show that in general WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT Weka Gusmiarty Abdullah, Ilma Sarimustaqiyama Rianse, Usman Rianse, Sri Wahyuni, Rh Fitri Faradilla, Tamrin, Wa Kuasa Baka, Weka Widayati, Zulfikar E-ISSN: 2224-3496 570 Volume 15, 2019 male consumers preferred the products more than female consumers. Younger respondents (<35 years old), who were university students and young lecturers, had the first preference for the product with a clove flavor and then on the cinnamon flavor. On the other hand, respondents who worked at a job that requires high stamina preferred the palm sugar functional powdered drink with the addition of red ginger. Most of the respondents agreed to give the score of 4 (like) to the attributes of aroma, taste, and color of the products and score of 3 (slightly like) towards texture attribute, except for the drink product with the addition of cinnamon spices.


As it is well known, the «discovery of childhood», in the authorized words of Philippe Aries (1914-1984), is a feature of modernity, as a process explained by several authors through the mixture of economic and population aspects, race worries, sentimental and political changes —each one stressing more or less a particular set of priorities, and counting on the never ending discussion about its actual development in time, as it was pointed out by Rosa Ballester recently on the pages of this journal (1). This new social conscience was followed by the establishment of new values —i.e. with a class timing: thus, they appeared earlier within the aristocratic world and became part of the bourgeois culture before they became universalised in Western affluent societies—. Among those were the sentimentalization theorized by family historians, including maternal love, and the discourses on the joys and glories of maternity (2). Medicine was a relevant agency within this process, through


Background. COVID-19 may cause or worsen cardiac dysfunction and patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, including heart failure (HF), who have an increased risk of severe and fatal outcomes of COVID-19. The study aimed to determine the role of soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 protein (sST2) and natriuretic peptide test (NT-proBNP) in predicting the severe course and in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 and hypertension. Materials and methods. One hundred and fifteen patients with COVID-19 and hypertension were examined. The determination of sST2 and NT-proBNP in blood serum were done using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The clinical endpoint was assessed during the hospitalization period (death, hospitalization in the intensive care unit, prolonged hospitalization). The risk of the final event development was calculated for the patients who reached the threshold sST2 concentrations, and, separately, based on the diagnostic values of the NT-proBNP. Results. The cut-off values of sST2 recommended for the diagnosis of HF in our study were reached in 7 (28 %) cases. The risk of final clinical points development in these patients was as follows: OR = 10.67; 95% CI: 1.31–86.9; p = 0.0270. The level of NT-proBNP, which meets the criteria for the diagnosis of HF, was constant in only 10 (11.1 %) individuals (p = 0.0461) and the risk of clinical events developing was equal to OR = 7.0; 95% CI: 1.72–28.6; p = 0.0067. Conclusions. Stratification of patients based on sST2 values, in addition to NT-proBNP parameters, may provide further prognostic value compared to NT-proBNP levels in patients with COVID-19 and HF.


Deep learning can be used to classify images to verify or correct DICOM header information. One situation where this is useful is in the classification of thoracic radiographs that were acquired anteroposteriorly (AP) or posteroanteriorly (PA). A convolutional neural network (CNN) was previously trained and showed a strong performance in the task of classifying between AP and PA radiographs, giving a 0.97 ± 0.005 AUC for an independent test set. However, 81% of the AP training set and 24% of the AP independent test set consisted of images with imprinted labels. To evaluate the effect of labels on training and testing of a CNN, the labels on the images used for training were removed by cropping. Then the CNN was retrained using the cropped images with the same training parameters as before. The retrained CNN was tested on the same independent test set and resulted in a 0.95 ± 0.007 AUC in the task of classifying between AP and PA radiographs. The p-value is 0.002 between the AUCs from the two networks, showing a statistically significant decrease in performance by the network trained on the cropped images. The decrease in performance may be due to the network being previously trained to recognize imprinted labels or due to relevant anatomy being cropped along with the label, however, the performance is still high and can be incorporated in clinical workflow.


Abstract By means of Nuttin's Motivational Induction Method, the intentions, plans and goals of subjects from Rwanda were collected. The se motivational objects of 71 frustrated subjects (non-admitted to the university) were compared with those of 47 non-frustrated subjects (admitted to the university) regarding extension of their future time perspective (FTP). As hypothesized, FTP of frustrated subjects was more restricted than that of non-frustrated subjects (the mean extension score, in number of years, and the proportion of number of references to the near future to the number of references to the distant future). No difference was found before the occurrence of the frustrating situation. An additional analysis based on subjective frustration demonstrates that a significant relationship exists between intensity of experienced frustration and extension of FTP.


D r. Alan Scott deserves great credit for his work on the clinical use of Botulinum A exotoxin. His initiation of the concept of the clinical use of botulinum A exotoxin, followed by excellent animal and human studies, and his typical visionary understanding of the future implications of his work have been crucial to the development of this new form of therapy, which has been of great value to millions of humans. In the early 1970s, Scott' was investigating nonsurgical alternatives for the treatment of strabismus. He experimented with several agents including botulinum A exotoxin, which had been previously suggested by a number of individuals. The studies on monkeys, which were published in 1973, confirmed botulinum A exotoxin to be the most effective of these agents and also suggested its clinical possibilities. In his publication, Scott predicted much of the future clinical use of botulinum A exotoxin-before it had been injected into a human for experimental or clinical use! Scott performed clinical trials in humans with strabismus in 1977 and 1978 and, subsequently, a large multicenter clinical trial was organized. One of us (JC) was an early member of this study, which began in 1982. This trial reported the results of approximately 17,000 treatment sessions in over 7,000 patients for various conditions.*


The phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) stain method takes long time, usually over night, and the PTAH solution is recommended to be ripened for ueveral months. In this study, the authors applied microwave irradiation (MWI) to shorten the time to complete the process. Among the steps of this method, the PTAH solution in which sections were immersed beforehand was exposed to the MWI, and then left for more than 10 minutes at room temperature. The best result was obtained when the MWI was intermittently applied at 100W for 14 minutes. The temperature of the PTAH solution reached about 60℃, and the skeletal muscle stained blue and the connective tissue, red. These results were compatible with staining by the conventional PTAH method. Owing to the MWI, the PTAH method could be completed around one hour. In addition, freshly prepared PTAH solution could be used for staining without ripening.