Total-ionizing-dose (TID) irradiation effects on the electrical properties of the SOI-LIGBT have been studied. The TID irradiation induced positive charges buildup in the gate oxide (GOX) layer, which reduces the threshold voltage (V<inf>th</inf>). The negative shifting V<inf>th</inf> leads to the increasing collector current (I<inf>CE</inf>) at the same gate voltage (V<inf>g</inf>). When the same overdrive voltage (V$_{ov} = V_{g} - V_{th}$) is applied, the linear I<inf>CE</inf> (I<inf>CElin</inf>) increases and saturated I<inf>CE</inf> (I<inf>CEsat</inf>) decreases during irradiation. The abnormal response of the I<inf>CE</inf> is attributed to the modulation of the bipolar transport by the positive charges trapped in the field oxide (FOX) layer and the buried oxide (BOX) layer after irradiation. Accurate simulation is utilized to confirm the degradation mechanism of the TID effects on the SOI-LIGBT.


Objective To study the influence of routine blood examination in the state of train motion. Methods Domestically produced instrument BC-3200 were used to exam the routine blood. The results in motion and static condition were compared. Results The level of WBC, RBC, Hb, PLT, HCT in state of motion had not significant change than in the silence station(P0.05). Conclusion The movement of train has not obviously affect to the routine blood test.


Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts from M. oleifera leaves by evaluating its potential as antibacterial (against pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae), antisecretory and antipropulsive agent.


A simple and safe procedure is proposed to manage cases of "empty sella" complicated by rhinorrhea. It is performed under fluoroscopic control only by introducing a needle in the sphenoid sinus via a transnasal route and by injecting fibrin glue into the sinusal cavity. This procedure requires a short hospitalization and it allows to avoid the compliances of other techniques.


Time-delay reservoir computer (RC) based on semiconductor lasers provides a simple hardware implementation of the recurrent neural network. However, the data processing speed is limited by the length of the feedback loop. This work demonstrates a parallel RC scheme based on the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique. This scheme is implemented on a Fabry-Perot quantum dot laser with multimode emission. It is shown that the four-channel WDM RC exhibits a better performance over the single-channel one, with the same number of virtual neurons. Meanwhile, the RC is accelerated by four times, owing to the shorter delay time. In addition, we show that the cross-gain saturation effect between the multimodes plays a crucial role on the RC performance.


than those of other systems ever reported in the literatures can be attained:more-over.its linear range is extended to 0~8.0 μg Sc/25ml and its reproducibility is also improved.


Exploratory analyses of the CCHS (2003) confirm that ability to pay does not constitute a major barrier to access to health care. Yet some people still face barriers to access to primary care in Quebec. We looked at these barriers in elderly population in Quebec's health regions. The aim is to characterize Quebec's elderly population with regard to its potential needs for health care using Canada's census and survey data. We also applied GIS tools to characterise service availability in Quebec's health regions. We find that most resources of the Montreal metropolitan area and its contiguous regions are concentrated in central Montreal. There are disparities in access to care, particularly in access to family physician. Although we find no clear cut pattern in the spatial distribution of the prevalence of chronic diseases, there are notable disparities of the prevalence of functional limitations and of obesity. Compared to Ontario and the rest of Canada, Quebec is disadvantaged with regard to access to family physicians but its elderly population has lower prevalence of chronic conditions and functional limitations.


Darkest Africa, the imagining of colonial fantasy, in many ways still lives on. Popular cultural representations of Africa often draw from the rich imagery of the un-charted, un-knowable other' that Africa represents. When Capcom made the decision to set the latest instalment of its Resident Evil series in an imagined African country, it was merely looking for a new, unexplored setting, and they were therefore surprised at the controversy that surrounded its release. The 2009 game Resident Evil 5 was accused of racially stereotyping the black zombies and the white protagonist. These allegations have largely been put to rest, as this was never the intention of Capcom in developing the game or selecting the setting. However, the underlying questions remain: How is Africa represented in the game? How does the figure of the zombie resonate within that representation? And why does this matter?


With the support of sustainable transport charity Sustrans, we're encouraging children, teachers and parents to jump on their bikes and scooters to take part in The Big Pedal 2020.


The main objective of the present article is to introduce the Laguerre transform of two variables. We obtained some basic operational properties and also examined the MAPLE implementation to obtain the aforementioned transform.


Sustainable economic development for Balkan economies can be achieved by
implementing new management techniques, sophisticated business operations, stabile
macroeconomic environment and regional political stability. This paper is exploring outsourcing
business activities in Macedonia, Serbia, Albania, Bulgaria and Greece comparing their capabilities
to import and manage new business practices. The theoretical framework for outsourcing activities has recognized positive macroeconomic impact from this economic practice into economies that
had liberalized their market economies and realized new business practices.
The practice of outsourcing should be understood as a new form of competition facilitated by
technological innovations, information technology, Internet and new management practice.
Empirically, this paper will research global economic benefits and costs of outsourcing, for each of
these economies separately, thus providing abilities to compare Balkan economies from absorptive
capacity point of view.
The main effect is to improve economic welfare by introducing and realizing new business practices
and new management techniques in the Balkans region.


Racial gerrymandering is the drawing of electoral districts that effectively racially segregates voters for political gain. Racially gerrymandered districts often involve packing minorities into a single district, thereby reducing that group's political efficacy. In Wittman v. Personhuballah, the Supreme Court held that congressmen who did not live in or represent a specific congressional district did not have standing to defend racial gerrymandering in that district. The Court did not clarify whether there is a legally cognizable right for incumbents in determining or maintaining the racial makeup of a congressional district, though it had the opportunity to address the issue. As a result, the future of racial gerrymandering claims remains unclear. The Court should have decided there is not a legally cognizable right in maintaining the racial makeup of a congressional district, because to find otherwise would give a right of action not available to other citizens and would potentially incentivize nefarious lawsuits based more on protecting a desired racial makeup, rather than a desired political makeup of a district.


We report on a systematic micro-Raman and IR spectroscopic investigation of PEO-LiCF3SO3 polymer electrolytes, aimed at revealing the microstructure of ionically conductive amorphous PEO:Li+ complexes. Films (O:Li = 3:1 and 9:1, thickness 2-30 ?m) were cast from acetonitrile solutions and further subjected to different heat treatment procedures within the course of investigations. Polarized optical microscopy was used to reveal the morphology of films. At the stoichiometric composition, the highly crystalline films exhibited a rather uniform (although anisotropic) structure which was examined by polarized micro-Raman spectroscopy to establish the relation between the crystalline structure and its spectroscopic signatures. The systems of nonstoichiometric composition (O:Li=9:1) exhibited a non-uniform, multiphase structure. The structural changes on increasing the temperature, when the relative amount of the disordered phase increases to finally form a uniform melt, have been monitored. We show that anion internal vibrational modes, routinely used to quantify different ionic species in the electrolyte, are substantially influenced by the crystalline field of the complexes, so that conventional analysis of the splitting and the band shift of nondegenerate internal modes in terms of different coordinations is no longer applicable. We show that Raman spectroscopy is a more sensitive probe of the polymer conformational order and the cation coordination than IR spectroscopy. We discuss, based on the obtained experimental evidences, to which extent the crystalline structure of the stoichiometric complex is related to the microstructure of the conductive amorphous phase. Comparative analysis of Raman spectroscopic signatures of the crystalline complex, molten phase, and model low molecular weight (Mw ? 1000 g mol-1) systems allows us to conclude that the structure of amorphous PEO:Li+ complexes is similar (though not identical) to the structure of the crystalline one. The similarity consists in that the polymeric chain "wraps" around a cation in both cases.


Objective To investigate the influences of spouses, emotion and their social supports in the episode of patients with schizophrenia. Methods 132 patients and their spouse were accepted with self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS) and social supports(SS).Results The SAS and SDS scales of the patient's spouse were more higher than in norm(P0.01).The SDS and SAS scales in female spouse were higher than in male spouse significantly(P0.01).The SDS and SAS scale was negatively related to the total of the social supports,the subscales of objective-support and the utilization ratio,but no relations were found between the SDS or SAS scales and the age or the course of disease.Conclusions The episode of schizophrenia patients can cause the their spouses with depression and with anxiety(especially to male spouse).We should improve their inadequate social supports and the supporting therapy is recommended for the mental health of them.


Although the mammalian heart had been recognized as a post-mitotic non-regenerative organ, recent evidence demonstrated a measurable cardiomyocyte (CM) renewal at low rates in normal hearts and augmented in post-injury myocardium. However, the resources and cellular processes of such a new CM formation, and the underlying molecular programs remained largely undetermined. While CMs in neonatal hearts or adult CMs in tissue culture can undergo (partial) dedifferentiation and proliferation, the roles of
 in vivo
 CM dedifferentiation and cycling were unclear. Here, we report a multi-reporter transgenic mouse models featuring efficient adult CM (ACM) genetic cell fate mapping and real-time CM dedifferentiation reporting. In this triple-transgenic model, upon tamoxifen-induced gene recombination, only ACMs switched from expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) to green fluorescent protein (GFP), and non-CMs remained expressing RFP. The nuclear blue fluorescent protein (BFP) signal was expressed in normal mature ACMs but reduced in neonatal or cultured dedifferentiated ACMs. Hence, all 4 plausible modes of new CM formation can be visualized using this model. Using ImageStream for single-cell imaging analysis, we demonstrated that non-myocytes (including putative cardiac progenitor cells) contributed negligibly to new ACM formation at baseline or after myocardial infarction (MI). In contrast, there was a significant increase in dedifferentiated (e.g. GFP
 +
 BFP
 -
 ) CMs in post-MI hearts compared to the sham. Cell cycling activity was enhanced within the dedifferentiated CM population compared to normal ACMs (GFP
 +
 BFP
 +
 ). Furthermore, we applied massive whole-heart single-nucleus RNA-seq to dissect the transcriptomes of dedifferentiated CMs. We found that CMs in post-MI hearts identified with dedifferentiation reporter had significant down-regulations of genes in networks for hypertrophic growth, cardiac contractile functions and metabolism, but up-regulation in signaling pathways for cell survival, active cell cycle and proliferation. Therefore, cellular dedifferentiation may be an important prerequisite for endogenous CM cell cycling and proliferation and explain the measurable cardiac myogenesis seen after MI.


To the Editor, Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) contain huge amounts of Staphylococcus aureus on the skin, especially at the lesional sites (7). The bacteria may be dispersed and lead to S. aureusspecific immune response in AD patients, since increased serum IgE has been found to whole cells, cell wall and soluble antigens of S. aureus (1, 5, 6, 8), Increased intestinal permeability has been discussed in AD and suggested by the finding of increased urinary excretion of perorally administered polyethylene glycol (9) and lactulose/mannitol (15), whereas '''Cr-labeiled EDTA absorption test showed no difference from normal individuals (2), With increased permeability this might lead to the entrance oi bacteria and endotoxins. We have examined the possibility of allergic type I reactions directed against S. aureus and its cell wall component, teichoic acid, and, furthermore, against Escheriehia coli bacteria and their endotoxins (LPS), by the basophil histamine release technique. Blood was obtained irom 18 AD patients comprising nine children (2 to i6 years) and nine adults (f9 to 48 years) and irom agematched controls (healthy volunteers). Leukocytes containing approximately 2 % basophils were isolated by the Eicoll-Hypaque gradient method, washed twice, and suspended in glucose-free Tris-AMC (albumin, magnesium, calcium) buffer (13). The leukocyte suspension was incubated for 40 min at 37°C with whole bacteria of the S. aureus strain Wood 46 (protein A deficient) (4) and for E. coli (11), and also with E. coli LPS preparations oi the Boivin type (11) and teichoic acid isolated from the bacterial cell wall of Wood 46, as previously described (3, 12). Bacteria and teichoic acid were used in final concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml and LPS m 0.1, 10 and 100 ^g/ml. The release of histamine from the basophils was determined spectrofluorometrically (13). A positive response was defined as a release of more than 10% of the total histamine content in the sample, since the spontaneous release oi histamine amounted to up to 10%;, To examine whether the histamine release was caused by an allergic (IgE-dependent) or an immunoglobulin-independent mechanism, cell-bound IgE was removed from the basophils by exposure of the cell suspension to pH 3.8 for 5 mm at 4°C (14) before challenge of the cells with bacteria, LPS or teichoic acid. If histamine release was obtained from intact cells armed with specific IgE but not from the cells stripped of IgE, the mechanism would be IgE-dependent (10), If both the intact and the stripped cells caused a similar release of histamine, an immunoglobulin-independent mechanism would be suggested (10), Oi the 18 AD patients eight (45%) responded


In August 2018, King Mohammed VI released 188 detainees linked to the Hirak al-Sha'bi (Popular Movement), which for over a year has led protests in Morocco's marginalised Rif region in the north of the country. The Hirak emerged in mid 2017 out of a wider protest movement sparked by the gruesome death of a fish seller in the Rif's coastal town of Al-Hoceima; in November 2016 Mouhcine Fikri was crushed to death by a rubbish truck as he tried to rescue the fish catch the police had confiscated from him on the grounds that he did not possess a fishing licence. This triggered major protests in the Rif and, in solidarity, demonstrations were organised in other regions and by the Moroccan diaspora community abroad. The protests in the Rif have continued ever since and soon widened their focus as they began to encompass the larger political and economic grievances of the region. Hirak activists presented a list of key demands to the authorities, which included the establishment of a hospital, university, infrastructure projects and the demilitarisation of the Rif, demands that reflected the disenchantment in the region over its longstanding marginalisation from the rest of the country. The Hirak movement is often considered by observers to be a continuation of the 20 February Movement, which emerged in Morocco during the Arab Spring and demanded increased political and economic rights and freedoms. However, the 20 February Movement fractured and lost effective influence soon after Mohammed VI conceded to some of its demands by announcing constitutional revisions, which in a July 2011 referendum were approved by 98.5% of the voters. By contrast, the Hirak movement in the Rif has demonstrated a much higher degree of persistence and unity – and this despite more violent repression of its activists by the authorities. By October 2017, for example, over 400 people linked to Hirak had been arrested, including its leader, Nasser Zafzafi, who was subsequently sentenced to 20 years in prison; some detainees have even reported instances of torture (Amnesty International 2018). Over last summer, Zafzafi, who has been held in solitary


With a variable incidence the thoracopagus is the most common type of conjoined twins representing the 75% of the reported cases and they show a weird condition in which females prevailed. It is presented the case of thoracopagus conjoined twins with a wide fusion coming from the interruption for complex congenital malformation of a multiple pregnancy in an aged pregnant who was anatomically and morphologically studied in the necropsy. Although there is no resolution about embryogenesis of this malformation the most accepted theory is proposal that this alteration is the result of a secondary joined of two embrionary disks initially separated.


Operation of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP) resulted in about 7500 tons of solid radioactive waste kept in 45 sections of four storage facilities (No 155, 155/1, 157, 157/1) at the INPP site. For safe and efficient decommissioning of these storages it is important to know the waste inventory. The nuclide vector (NV) method was used for characterization of the radionuclide inventory in the storages of solid radioactive waste (SRW). A well planned sampling and radionuclide composition measurements were needed to evaluate scaling factors of the NV. The optimal number of the samples N , to be taken from every storage section of SRW, was evaluated by using a well-known relationship between error of the mean ∆ and dispersion σ : ∆ = σ / √ N . The specific activity ratio (scaling factor) of 137 Cs to 60 Co radionuclides in the radioactive waste was selected as the most informative ratio, reflecting dispersion of the nuclide vector. Computer modelling of the radioactive waste streams and Monte Carlo simulations of the most representative 137 Cs / 60 Co activity ratio dispersion in each waste storage section were done based on the historical data about the SRW management at the INPP and spectrometric measurements of the radionuclide activity of SRW at the main waste collection points. The evaluated optimal average number of required samples from the SRW storage sections was 7, whereas the number of required samples varied from 4 (storage facility No 157/1, section 1) to 19 (storage facility No 157/1, sections No 9 and 19/2)


The screech of a supersonic planar underexpanded jet is simulated using compressible large-eddy simulation. The explicit high-order ltering method used for the simulation and the jet parameters are r st described. The numerical results are then investigated. Flow development as well as the screech frequency, amplitude and phase difference on either side of the jet are in agreement with experimental results.


Five rotational lines of the C8Hion were observed in the circumstellar envelope of IRC +10216 with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. An improved value of the column density of the C8H radical yielded a (C8H � )=(C8H) ratio of 37% — nearly 4 times larger than the (C6H � )=(C6H) ratio (8.6%) and nearly 1500 times the (C4H � )=(C4H) ratio (0.024%), which may indicate more efficient formation of longer carbon chain anions. The excitation temperature of C8H � (16 ˙ 2 K) derived here is somewhat lower than that of the two smaller anions C6H � (32 K) and C4H � (23 K) in IRC +10216.


The standard Particle Swarm Optimization ( PSO) algorithm cannot adapt to the complex and nonlinear optimization process, because the same inertia weight is used to update the velocity of particles. In order to solve this problem, a strategy of inertia weight adjustment based on particle spacing and dynamic interval ( PSSIW) was put forward. According to the particle spacing, the inertia weight was chosen, and the convergence rate of the algorithm were controlled by dynamic change of interval. Four different dynamic intervals were built in this paper. Sphere, Ackley and Rastrigrin functions were used to evaluate the intervals on the new PSO performance. Compared with the standard PSO algorithm, the new PSO algorithm has the ability to escape from the local minimum, so it is a global particle swarm optimization algorithm.


Migrating collaborative applications to or near the workstations of active users can offer better performance in many scenarios. We have developed {3 client migration mechanism for centralized shared window systems that does not require changes to existing application and system software. It is based on logging input at the old site and replaying it at the new site. This approach raises several difficult questions: How should the log size be kept low? How should response time be kept low white migration is in progress? How should applications that depend on the rate at which input is received be accommodated? How should the transition from the replay phase to the play phase be detected at the new site? How should the software at the old and new sites be synchronized? We have developed a series of alternative approaches for answering these questions and implemented them in the XTV [1] shared window system. In this paper, we motivate, describe, illustrate and evaluate these approaches, and outline how they are implemented.


Heads of submarine canyons may occur anywhere on continental margins from river mouths to continental slopes producing a distinctive interface between shallow and deep marine environments Inception of most canyons is subaer ial fIuvially cut during lowered sealevel Submarine mass flow also commences canyon formation Submarine erosion shapes all canyons and is especially effective in the headward region Sliding and slumping are volumetrically most important as erosive agents but sand spillover bioerosion sand flow sand creep and debris flow all playa part Fluctuating channelized currents and low velocity turbidity currents also erode and transport sediments Canyons alter shelfbreak circulation and sedimentation They remove detritus from fluvial outflow longshore trans port and cross shelf drift and may influence the position of rip currents On narrow shelves surface waves diverge over canyon heads providing a transport corridor for the return of turbid water Suspensates downwell along canyons as high density nepheloid layers Channelized currents winnow fines in upper canyon heads focused internal tides and waves may actually break producing more extensive erosion Although research on modern canyon systems has rapidly increased detailed studies of ancient canyons remain sparse An Eocene example from Southern California contains a tripartite fill representing progressive detachment from a nearshore source during a eustatic sealevel rise Suspensate fallout tractional flow and mass flow processes formed a basal amalgamated pebbly sandstone overlain by planar to convolute laminated sandstone topped by var iegated cut and fill mudstone channels This tributary system fed the main canyon filled with fining and thinning upward complexes The Pigeon Point and Carmelo Formations of coastal California and Tethyan submarine canyons of Czechoslovakia display similar fining upward canyon fills Contrasting fill sequences includecoarse grained units that dominate French Maritime Alps and New Zealand canyon complexes and shales that plug canyons in the Gulf Coast Sacramento Valley and Israel Shelf size and gradient rates of eustacy tectonism and subsidence and sedimentary source input and migration interact to create this diversity of fills in ancient submarine canyons Quantified analyses of canyon formation maintenance and fill and application of sedimentary hydrodynamics to observed mass transport processes


Professor Capron indicates that the US has taken the lead among nations in adopting a system of ethical review conducted by committees known as institutional review boards ('IRBs'). The 'Common Rule' implemented by the Office for Human Research Protections ('OHRP') specifies the requirements for the establishment of IRBs, their operation and the standards for their decisions about research protocols and in overseeing ongoing research. A research institution must comply with these requirements in order to receive a 'Federal Wide Assurance' ('FWA') from OHRP. All research institutions that receive support from the US government for human subject research or whose staff collaborates on such research must have obtained an FWA. Professor Capron explains that the present US rules are a response to particular problems and scandals in research and were developed in the context of the bureaucracy underlying US medical science. It is inappropriate for research ethics committees around the world to have to apply for an FWA from a US agency, as many do. Despite its influence on a number of jurisdictions, there is nothing magical about the US regulatory approach and no reason for it to constitute the global norms and procedures for research ethics. Professor Capron argues that however salutary a role the US rules may have played, the time has come for a less US-centric form of global governance of the ethics of research with human subjects. The dominance of the US regulations discourages governments from taking sufficient responsibility to ensure that research conducted within their jurisdictions is ethical. Yet, some means of common governance is needed to avoid a 'race to the bottom'. All countries should have and enforce basic standards of research ethics and accountability for sponsors and investigators. Governance includes less formal means of directing action or regulating behaviour, not only through law. International arrangements can take four forms: formal or informal at either a governmental or non-governmental level. Professor Capron considers a possible arrangement would be for governments to agree on a common framework that would set enforceable standards and then proceed to develop a system akin to the WHO's International Health Regulations with enforceable obligations and defined decision-makers.


Two recent studies fail to demonstrate conclusively whether the testing effect can benefit students with ADHD, but both acknowledge the need for more research about teaching strategies for learners with ADHD.


We present ANNIS, a linguistic database that aims at facilitating the process of exploiting richly annotated language data by naive users. We describe the role of the database in our research project and the project requirements, with a special focus on aspects of multilevel annotation. We then illustrate the usability of the database by illustrative examples. We also address current challenges and next steps.


Effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios combination with complex nitrification inhibitors on the yield, nitrate content and nutrient forms of lettuce(Lactuca saliva L. ) were studied in three acid garden soils under field experiment condition. The results indicated that the yield of lettuce was in the order of little acid soil acid soil strong acid soil. In acid and strong acid soil, the yield of lettuce was significant increased by 6.2%-18.2% , but decreased in little acid soil. The nitrate contents of lettuce stem and leaf were decreased by 25.1%-76.3% and 3.1%-27.7% (except in little acid soil) in HNK treatment (high rate of N and K fertilizers) combination with complex nitrification inhibitors. The effect was stem leaf and the HNK + C2 (complex nitrification inhibitor No. 2) treatment was best. The nitrate content of lettuce leaf in three soils was acid soillittle acid soilstrong acid soil, and nitrate content of lettuce stem was highest in acid soil. The nutrient forms of N, P, and K in lettuce leaf were mainly protein N, non - protein P and non - protein K. The ratio of protein N to total N, protein P to total P, protein K to total K was increased in HNK + C1 (complex nitrification inhibitor No. 1) and HNK + C2 treatments. There were significant negative correlations between nitrate content and total N, protein N, total P, protein P, protein K of lettuce leaf.


PURPOSE: To investigate and compare the school literacy performance of 1st and 2nd grades elementary school individuals of a public school, before and after Reflexive Practices in Language Programs (RPLP). METHODS: Ninety-seven students of the 1st grade and 149 of the 2nd grade, between the years 2006 and 2008, took part in this study. The subjects were submitted to school literacy screenings before and after the RPLP. The programs had an average duration of four months, and were carried out in a collective situation in classrooms, and in partnership with the teachers of the selected classes. They were prepared according to the guiding themes: promotion of literacy practices; awareness about use of voice and noise levels at school; promotion of oral and written narratives, involving meta-language and, mainly, phonological awareness and the promotion of reading practices and reading comprehension. At the end of each program, final screenings were carried out in order to analyze and compare students' performance before and after their implementation. Data were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS: Significant performance differences were found between 1st and 2nd grades, in both initial and final screenings, in the subtests dictation, words and sentences reading and sentence cloze were found. CONCLUSION: Second grade had better results than first grade. The results were more significant in subtests that required deeper understanding of the phoneme-grapheme association and vice-versa, suggesting that school literacy is necessary when social literacy is not present.


Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance threatens public health worldwide, and inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the main causes. Antibiotic use for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) has been defined as "antibiotics never events", and urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases for which antibiotics are prescribed in Korea. To establish an effective antimicrobial stewardship strategy, a qualitative assessment of antibiotic use in actual clinical syndrome is necessary. Methods Cases of positive urine cultures (≥105 CFU/ml), performed in inpatient, outpatient, and emergency departments in April 2021 were screened in 26 hospitals located throughout Korea. Cases were classified into ABU, lower UTI, and upper UTI. The appropriateness of antibiotic use was retrospectively evaluated by infectious disease specialists using quality indicators based on the domestic clinical guideline for ABU and UTI. Figure 1. Study flow diagram Results A total of 2697 cases of ABU or UTI were included. The appropriateness of antibiotic use was assessed in 1157 cases with asymptomatic bacteriuria, 677 and 863 cases with lower and upper UTI (Figure 1). Antibiotics were prescribed in 21.7% (251 of 1157) of ABU without appropriate indication. Of 66 ABU cases with appropriate indication in which prophylactic antibiotics were prescribed, the duration of antibiotics was adequate in only 34.8% (Table 1). For lower UTI, the appropriateness of empirical and definite antibiotics was 77.8% (527 of 677) and 68.0% (353 of 519). In terms of upper UTI, 86.3% (745 of 863) and 78.2% (583 of 746) was appropriate, respectively. The duration of antibiotics was adequate in 65.7% (421 of 641) of lower UTI and 77.9% (592 of 760) in upper UTI (Table 2, 3). Conclusion This nationwide qualitative assessment of antibiotic use in ABU and UTI revealed that a significant proportion of antibiotics were prescribed inappropriately and, furthermore the duration of antibiotics was prolonged unnecessarily. Interventions for appropriate antibiotic use in ABU and UTI at the national level are required. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.


The present paper analyzes the propagation of Rayleigh waves in a non-local micropolar thermoelastic half space with impedance boundary conditions. Dispersion equation of Rayleigh wave propagation with impedance boundary conditions is obtained and the effect of impedance and non local parameters are studied. Dispersion equation of Rayleigh waves for a micropolar thermoelastic half space with impedance boundary as well as traction free half-space is obtained as a particular case. The non-dimensional speed of Rayleigh wave is computed as a function of impedance parameters and presented graphically for a aluminum epoxy material. It is observed that non local and impedance parameters has significant effects on Rayleigh wave speed.


Ni/TiO2nanocomposite was prepared by mechano- chemical synthesis. The as- milled nanocomposite consists of hexagonal-structure rutile TiO2and face-centered cubic structure Ni. Annealing treatment decreases both the lattice defects and the internal stress, while remarkably increases the grain size of metal Ni and the saturation magnetization. After annealing treatment the intrinsic emission, free exciton emission and bound exciton emission peaks of TiO2exhibit a red shift, for which the reason may be the distortion of the band structure. For the as-milled nanocomposite an intense nonlinear dielectric resonance occurs at 15 GHz and a clear Cole-Cole semicircle was observed. Meanwhile, a reflection loss(RL) exceeding-10 dB in a frequency range of 14-16 GHz and a maximum value of RL as large as-32 dB are obtained for an 8 mm thick absorber. After annealing treatment the intensity of the natural resonances at 2.8 and 5.2 GHz has been significantly strengthened, leading to a remarkable improvement of microwave-absorption properties in the frequency range 2-6 GHz.


Co3O4–CeO2–MnOx catalysts prepared by coprecipitation are very active for CO oxidation at low temperature, and 100% CO conversion is obtained at −70 °C over the best catalyst; Adding a small mount ...


Plants appear to be almost an exclusive source of medicine to the worlds' gradually increasing population with substances derived from them constituting a big percentage of all prescribed conventional medicines and other products. This puts pressure on the demand for medicinal plants, most of which are sourced from the wild. Zanthoxylum gilletii is an African indigenous deciduous tree which is overexploited for its medicinal use among many communities. This species has its habitat encroached and information on its alkaloids and flavanoids lacking. The objectives of this study were to determine antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of plant extracts and then identify alkaloids and flavanoids in the Kenyan Z. gilletii root, bark and leaf samples from different geographical regions. Antimicrobial activity tests were carried out using TLC bioautographic assays and ninety six well microtitre assays. Pathogens used during the tests were Saccharomyces cereveciae and Cladosporium herbarum as fungal pathogens; Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas syringae as the bacterial pathogens. Efficacy was confirmed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and comparing against clinically used drugs, nystatin and chloramphenical as positive controls in antifungal and antibacterial assays respectively. Antioxidant activity was tested using the nitric oxide scavenging assay. Alkaloids and flavanoids were identified using HPLC and LCMS analysis methods. Plant extracts showed antimicrobial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria while tests for antioxidant activity of the plant extracts were negative. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant difference between extracts from different plant parts and regions (P =0.05). Extracts contained a wide range of alkaloids and two flavanoids diosmin and hesperidin with compound profiles varying among plant parts and from the different geographical regions. Good antimicrobial activity was observed in the root extracts while the root extracts did not show any antimicrobial activity. Study revealed that the compound profiles relate with antimicrobial activity and that Z. gilletii is a poor antioxidant. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information Most of the world's population, especially in developing countries still rely on natural remedies. In the past, traditional peoples or ancient civilizations depended greatly on local flora and fauna for their survival. Although some preparations may have been dangerous, or worked by a ceremonial or placebo effect, traditional healing systems usually had a substantial active pharmacopoeia, in fact most western medicines up until the 1920s were developed similarly (Bensky et al., 2004). In developed countries, the natural products continue to be an important source of therapeutically effective medicines (Quamina, 2003). Out of the 520 new drugs approved between 1983 and 1994, 39% were natural products or derived from natural products and the proportion of antibacterial and anticancer drugs derived from natural products was more than 60% of best selling non-protein drugs in 2001 (Quamina, 2003). Plants have always been a rich source of major compounds (e.g. morphine, cocaine, digitalis, quinine, tubocurarine, nicotine and muscarine). Many of these lead compounds are useful drugs (e.g. morphine and quinine), while others have been the basis for synthetic drugs (e.g. local anaesthetics developed from cocaine). Clinically useful drugs which have been recently isolated from plants include the anticancer agent paclitaxel (Taxol) from the yew tree, and the antimalarial agent artemisinin from Artemisia annua. Medicinal plants have been used to cure a number of diseases. Though the recovery is sometimes slow, the therapeutic use of medicinal plant is becoming popular because many


This study is aimed at knowing the concept of the policy in giving the
Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) based on the Presidential Instruction Number 3
Year 2010 concerning the Equitable Development Program in the perspective of
Law Number 10 Year 1998 concerning the Amendment of Law Number 7 Year
1992 on Banking.
This study is the combination of the normative and empirical study. The
instruments of the research are the library research and the field research. The
library research was conducted by collecting the books, scientific works, and the
national laws which are associated with the research variable, whereas the field
research was conducted to get the data directly by interviewing. The data analysis
was done by using the qualitative approach and the inductive method.
The finding of the research reveals that the provision policy of Micro KUR
based on the Presidential Instruction Number 3 Year 2010 concerning the
Equitable Development Program in the perspective of Law Number 10 Year 1998
concerning the amendment of Law Number 7 Year 1992 on Banking basically do
not break the rules or best practice banking because the financing scheme is
designed with the credit guarantee. The Micro KUR is heavily promoted as a loan
without collateral or the loan that is guaranteed by the government. The KUR
agencies define it to the people as the unsecured credit, thus briefly the
Presidential Instruction Number 3 Year 2010 as a basic rule of KUR is contrary to
the Banking Act.


The surface micro-discharge(SMD) excited by pulsed voltage in open air is experimentally studied by measuring its voltage,current,emission image,emission spectrum,and ultraviolet(UV) absorption spectrum.It is found that the SMD occurs intermittently in each cycle,and that it consists of many filaments on the surface of grounded electrode.While the applied voltage's peak value Up increases from 1.75 kV to 7.25 kV,the discharge area keeps expanding until Up≈6 kV,when the discharge occupies all the available area.The emission spectrum of nitrogen metastable N2(C-B) and the density of ozone increase almost linearly.The ozone density decreases hyperbolically downstream of the grounded electrode due to the diffusion in open air.The characteristics of pulsed SMD are presented and analyzed as well,which may be referred by further investigations.


Educational Technology Ability Standards for Elementary and middle schools Teachers(CETS) demands for teach-ers' basic skills in the information age.Application of multimedia technology,as a normal type of professional job skills,should be based on such criteria as the curriculum objects,in order to choose the appropriate course content and depth and build realistic models of teaching,while strengthening the teaching resources and environment.


Long-standing stenosis of the celiac axis is a rare cause of aneurysm of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which serves as a collateral pathway; the etiology is believed to be due to turbulence from increased blood flow. The authors describe 2 cases of such aneurysm, which ruptured in the retroperitoneum and were treated with transcatheter embolization.


'Williams v Commonwealth' was an important test of Australia's national religious settlement. The public funding of chaplains in state schools is a program that, in substance, is indistinguishable from the public funding of religious schools and yet, at the same time, a powerful symbolic step beyond it. However, the constitutional contest in 'Williams' was framed around the limits of federal executive spending. Even though the 'Australian Constitution' has provisions that expressly limit the Commonwealth's power to address the religious dimension of Australian life, these limitations made only a cameo appearance in 'Williams' - and even then it just seemed to be a gesture.


For decades bilingual education in the United States has faced political adversity to varying degrees. Having survived several waves of English-only activism since the late 1970s, these programs seem unlikely to disappear anytime soon. Research has increasingly demonstrated their superiority to all-English approaches for educating English-language learners (ELLs), as documented by meta-analyses of the literature (see Krashen & McField, 2005, for a recent review). Nevertheless, the continued availability of bilingual education in this country for significant numbers of ELLs is now in doubt. This is true in part because of the antibilingual backlash, which most recently took the form of English-only school initiatives adopted by voters in California, Arizona, and Massachusetts. But in recent years a new and more formidable threat has emerged: the trend toward high-stakes testing, primarily in English, as mandated by the U.S. federal government's No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. Despite provisions requiring instructional programs to reflect "scientifically based research," the law provides indirect but powerful incentives to ignore this principle when it comes to ELLs. That is, it encourages schools to abandon native-language instruction in favor of all-English approaches. The antibilingual backlash has clearly taken a toll. Between 1992 and 2002, as the number of ELLs in grades K–12 grew by 72% nationwide, their enrollment in bilingual programs declined from 37% to 17% (Zehler et al., 2003). Although state mandates for all-English instruction had a significant impact, less than half of the INTERNATIONAL MULTILINGUAL RESEARCH JOURNAL, 1(1), 33–37 Copyright © 2007, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.


Recently, as elderly people population grows, the burdens on caretakers are getting larger. In daycare centers, caretakers make a daycare report aiming to improve the senior citizen's Quality of Life. However, in the present situation, it is difficult for caretakers to record the senior citizen's activity in detail, since each caretaker needs to take care of several senior citizens at the same time. To reduce the burden of caretakers, many elderly monitoring systems have been proposed so far, but most of them are not effective in the sense that they force the senior citizen to use dedicated devices such as smart phone and/or particular applications that are obtrusive and cumbersome for care receivers. In this paper, we propose a semi-automatic care-taking report generation system which can monitor movements/activity of senior citizens in daycare centers. Our proposed system estimates multiple locations (areas) where senior citizens are located with the BLE beacon, by utilizing RSSI of the Bluetooth radio wave. Also, the accelerometer implemented in the tag estimates the activity of the elderly. The information of the estimated area and activity is stored in a server with time stamp. The server generates the daycare report based on it. In order to evaluate the proposed system, we have deployed our system in a daycare center: Ikoi-no-ie 26. Evaluation result in Ikoi-no-ie 26 showed that our system estimated the subject's present area with F-measure: 80.6% and activity with F-measure: 73.8% and generated the daycare report.


Objective To explore the case of prophylactic use of antimicrobial drugs intervention on the perioperative period in oral and maxillofacial surgery,and to evaluate the rationality of antibacterial agents application,provide clinical evidence for the clinical management of antimicrobial agents.Methods 320 cases with oral and maxillofacial surgery and antimicrobial drugs intervention from June 2011 to June 2012 in People's Hospital of Dongying City( "our hospital" for short) were selected as observation group; 320 cases without antimicrobial drugs intervention from June 2008 to June 2009 in our hospital were chosen as control group.The use of antibacterial agents,single drug rate,duplex medication rate in two groups were analyzed; the antimicrobial drug use opportunity,the average medication time of postoperative,hospital stays and the incidence of postoperative infection in two group were reported.Results ①314 cases with antimicrobial drugs in observation group and 301 cases of antivnicrobial drugs in contro group were found.Single drug rate in observation group [37.58 %(118/314)] was higher than that in control group [20.26 %(61/301)],duplex medication rate in observation group [62.42 %(196/314)] was lower than that in control group [79.74 %(240/301)],the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05).②Preventive medicine proportion of preoperative 0.5-2 h in observation group [68.15 %(214/314)] was higher than that in control group [28.90 %(87/301)],the proportion of antimicrobial drug use time ≤24 h in observation group [27.71%(87/314)] was higher than that in control group [0.00%(0/301)],the proportion of antimicrobial drug use time 3 d in observation group [49.36 %(155/314)] was lower than that in control group [86.38%(260/301)],the differences were statistically significant(χ2= 94.7408,97.1398,95.9543,P = 0.0000,0.0000,0.0000).③The average medication time of postoperative in observation group [(3.24±1.87) d] was shorter than that in control group [(5.26±2.41) d],the difference was statistically significant(χ2= 11.5793,P = 0.0000).The differences of hospital stays and the incidence of postoperative infection between the two groups were not statistically significant(χ2= 0.6207,1.0449,P = 0.5348,0.3067).Conclusion Treating oral and maxillofacial surgery patients with antimicrobial drugs intervention can improve the level of rational drug use.It is right to strengthen supervision and monitoring,and promote the safe,effective and economic use of antibacterial drugs.


Analysis on E-N relation of permission doing work of maximum,when reduced speed and in flywheel recovery time at rated main drive motor power of the press has enabled practical curve of doing work to be obtained.


Abstract NUMEROUS investigations have been conducted on the pH pattern of the chicken's digestive tract (Olson and Mann,. 1935; Mayhew, 1935; Heller and Penquite, 1936; Mussehl et al., 1935; and Beach, 1935). Evidence has also been presented that the carbohydrate component of a chicken's ration can affect the flora recovered from fecal droppings (Johansson et al., 1948; and Wiseman, 1953). In Wiseman's study, definitely lower average bacterial counts were observed in nearly ail the intestinal regions of chickens fed rations containing either B-grade molasses or low-grade sugar as the major carbohydrate component of the ration, in contrast with bacterial counts from chickens fed yellow corn meal. It was not possible to explain the differences in the representation of the bacterial groups, inasmuch as it was not known to what extent the various carbohydrate feedstuffs influenced the pH and the microflora in each region of the chicken's alimentary canal. The investigation reported …


A commitment to provide accountable, effective, and responsive transportation services can best be supported by hard factual data concerning effectiveness and efficiency measures. Based on an analysis of system goals versus current performance, a transit system manager can preserve, enhance, alter, or terminate system operations. Methods of improving effectiveness and efficiency are discussed along with methods of handling six common problems: lower ridership than expected, low vehicle use, low revenues, basic changes required, cash flow, and use of incorrect or inappropriate types of vehicles.


This paper studied on characteristics of PM10pollution of regional environment by monitoring the atmosphereenvironment and pollution sources in BDA.We found BDA's PM10pollution mainly attributes to fugitive dust from roadsand construction sites of BDAaccording to the spatial distribution characteristics and accumulation effectof PM10concen-tration.The monitoring results of three roads'dust fall in BDAindicated construction sites can increase city road dust e-mission.To assure the atmosphere quality in developing regions,it is an important measure to strengthen the control offugitive dust from construction sites and city roads.


The latest report findings conclude that the majority of today's parental controls are all about prevention, focusing on avoiding risks and restricting behaviour.


As many previous studies indicated,the regional geological setting and evolution history,particularly those of the Luliang basin and surrounding area,must be taken into account in the study of the origin of the colorful sand sediment which formed the well-known colorful sand forest landscape.However,there is a distinct difference between the Niutoushan palaeoisland and the present Niutoushan mountain in location and extent.The further study shows that the origin of colorful sand and other clastics is proximal and polygenetic.


The utility model relates to a container barrel provided with a piston. The container barrel comprises an outlet opening, a barrel body, a screw rod, a piston, a rubber sealing ring and an end cap. The piston is installed inside the barrel body, the screw rod is installed on the piston, the screw rod is fixed on the end cap, the end cap is installed at the lower part of the barrel body, and the outlet opening is arranged at the upper part of the barrel body. The container barrel has the advantages that the structure is simple, the design is rational, the piston and the extrusion screw rod are installed inside the barrel body, thus the geometrical length of the container is not increased, in addition, the carrying and the using are convenient, only one single hand is required to operate the container barrel, and objects can be extruded cleanly without residual.


In this paper, a PI type controller is tuned to control the level and temperature of a Continuous Stirred Tank Heater (CSTH). The PI parameters are adjusted by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. A laboratory scale CSTH is considered as pilot to show the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method illustrates by a comparison between the PSO-PI controller and two other PI controllers which are designed and optimized by Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) and Genetic Algorithms (GA). The simulation results confirm the validity of the PSO as the proposed method to adjust the PID type controller in compare with the ZN-PI and GA-PI controllers.


Multi-objective optimization problems consist of several objectives that must be handled simultaneously. These objectives usually conflict with each other, and optimizing a particular solution with respect to a single objective can result in unacceptable results with respect to the other objectives. A reasonable solution to a multi-objective problem is to investigate a set of solutions, each of which satisfies the objectives at an acceptable level without being dominated by any other solution. Genetic or evolution algorithms have been demonstrated to be particularly effective to determine excellent solutions to these problems. Among many algorithms, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been found to be faster with less computational overhead. In this paper a multi-objective discrete particle swarm optimization is formulated and used to optimize a large and complex thin-wall structure on the basis of weight, safety and cost. The structure weight and cost are calculated using realistic finite element models. The design process has two stages: (1) the actual stresses are obtained by finite element analysis of the full ship, (2) for a midship segment of the ship (referred to as a "control cluster") the structural safety is evaluated using the ALPS/ULSAP set of ultimate limit state criteria, and then the segment is optimized using any suitable optimization method (in this paper, the PSO method). Both stages involve iteration, but the process is arranged so as to keep the number of full ship finite element analyses to a minimum. The complete design process is illustrated for a 200,000 ton oil tanker. The numerical results show that the PSO method is very useful to perform ultimate strength based ship structural optimization with multi-objectives, namely minimization of the structural weight and cost and maximization of structural safety. The example also demonstrates that the proper definition of boundary conditions and design load cases is of paramount importance for design optimization.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Chronic hepatitis B is the most important cause of liver cirrhosis in Asia. Liver fibrosis is the intermediate stage to liver cirrhosis. Determining severity of liver fibrosis is important to determine the prognosis, risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, and need for antiviral therapy. Liver biopsy is the gold standard, but it is limited by its invasiveness and risk of bleeding. Transient elastography by the Fibroscan is a non-invasive measure for severity of liver fibrosis. Liver stiffness is measured based on shear wave velocity across the liver. It is accurate to determine advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B and C patients, but the accuracy for mild-tomoderate fibrosis is less optimal.1 Various serum indices are developed to measure liver fibrosis in viral hepatitis, including aspartate aminotransferase– to-platelet ratio-index, Forns index, FIB-4, Hui index, and Fibroindex. We investigated a combined algorithm of a serum test formula with Fibroscan for the evaluation of severity of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients. A biopsy cohort of 156 hepatitis B patients was used as the training cohort,2 and the resultant algorithm was validated in an independent cohort of 82 patients with liver biopsy. Liver stiffness measurement by Fibroscan was superior to that by all other serum test formulae, consistent in both the training and the validation cohorts.3 The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) for Fibroscan was 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-0.91, P 60% patients with mild fibrosis Hong Kong Med J 2014;20(Suppl 6):S31 RFCID project number: 09080292 HLY Chan *, VWS Wong, GLH Wong, PCL Choi


Collinear laser spectroscopy has been performed on the $^{79}_{30}$Zn$_{49}$ isotope at ISOLDE-CERN. The existence of a long-lived isomer with a few hundred milliseconds half-life was confirmed, and the nuclear spins and moments of the ground and isomeric states in $^{79}$Zn as well as the isomer shift were measured. From the observed hyperfine structures, spins $I = 9/2$ and $I = 1/2$ are firmly assigned to the ground and isomeric states. The magnetic moment $\mu$ ($^{79}$Zn) = $-$1.1866(10) $\mu_{\rm{N}}$, confirms the spin-parity $9/2^{+}$ with a $\nu g_{9/2}^{-1}$ shell-model configuration, in excellent agreement with the prediction from large scale shell-model theories. The magnetic moment $\mu$ ($^{79m}$Zn) = $-$1.0180(12) $\mu_{\rm{N}}$ supports a positive parity for the isomer, with a wave function dominated by a 2h-1p neutron excitation across the $N = 50$ shell gap. The large isomer shift reveals an increase of the intruder isomer mean square charge radius with respect to that of the ground state: $\delta \langle r^{2}_{c}\rangle^{79,79m}$ = +0.204(6) fm$^{2}$, providing first evidence of shape coexistence.


This report provides background information on the history and geography of Bangladesh. The report discusses the recent developments, the bilateral relations with United States, politics and elections in Bangladesh.


In this article, we give the exact interval of the cross section of the so called Mandelbric set generated by the polynomial z+ c where z and c are complex numbers. Following that result, we show that the Mandelbric define on the hyperbolic numbers D is a square with its center at the origin. Moreover, we define the Multibrot sets generated by a polynomial of the form Qp,c(η) = η p + c (p ∈ N and p ≥ 2) for tricomplex numbers. More precisely, we prove that the tricomplex Mandelbric has four principal slices instead of eight principal 3D slices that arise for the case of the tricomplex Mandelbrot set. Finally, we prove that one of these four slices is an octahedron.


In the vocational foreign language teaching reform in Shenzhen Polytechnic,we try to explore and systemize the strategies of cultivating the intercultural communication abilities of high vocational students according to Saville-Troike's theory from the perspective of"work-integrated learning approach with capabilities at the core".


When Romania and Bulgaria were caught between the European Union and the United States, their reactions were influenced by the allies' own level of unity, the nature of visible costs, and domestic politics.


We report on a novel class of nanocrystalline/amorphous Gd$_3$Ni/Gd$_{65}$Ni$_{35}$ composite microwires, which was created directly by melt-extraction through controlled solidification. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of a biphase nanocrystalline/amorphous structure in these wires. Magnetic and magnetocaloric experiments indicate the large magnetic entropy change (-$\Delta$SM ~9.64 J/kg K) and the large refrigerant capacity (RC ~742.1 J/kg) around the Curie temperature of ~120 K for a field change of 5 T. These values are ~1.5 times larger relative to its bulk counterpart, and are superior to other candidate materials being considered for active magnetic refrigeration in the liquid nitrogen temperature range.


This research finds that young adults with high levels of age identity are more likely to incorporate young characters in their open‐ended descriptions of an "ideal"; television show than are young adults with lower levels of age group identification. These results are discussed in terms of the role of social identity in influencing media consumption. Future theoretical and empirical directions are briefly outlined.


In this paper we present the design and implementation of a new flexible testbed for testing electricity meters with conducted EMI in the frequency range up to 150 kHz. This testbed is based on separate generation of voltage and current test signals with arbitrary waveforms. Different transconductance amplifiers were characterized for their suitability to generate the highly-distorted current waveforms required for advanced testing of electricity meters. The complete setup was validated by comparing test results on a meter showing error readings under conducted EMI with earlier test results obtained using a setup based on a power source in combination with real physical loads. The good validation results of the new testbed proof the setup is very suitable for advanced calibration or testing of static electricity meters under wideband conducted EMI. The setup and waveforms presented in this paper will be used as input for improved standardization of electricity meters type testing.


As an important punishment in China's criminal law,the fate of death penalty has long been a crux of dispute among specialists.There are two major schools of thoughts concerning it: one is opposed to capital punishment,yet concedes that under the condition it be inflicted with restriction,death penalty should be permitted;the other is in favor of abolishing it.Major arguments presented by scholars desiring to retain death penalty include: Firstly,we haven't created the social and economic environment necessary for the abolishing of death penalty;secondly,according to new criminal code issued in 1997,a lot of substantial and procedural safeguards should be employed before inflicting death,thereby diminish its negative effects to a large extent.However,it is doubtful if those procedural safeguards as provided in new criminal code can really guarantee the correct imposition of death penalty.The fact is,judicial decisions are always greatly effected by mass media and public opinions,which are always irrational and easily provocated.Thus,many defendants are sentenced to death just because " the public angry won't be quenched until they are executed".Under the great pressure of the so-called "public voice",it would be hard for those favoring death penalty to see the good results of "killing only those that deserve to die","killing only when necessary",as they have expected.With an analysis of the different viewpoints,the authors of this paper conclude: the path of development for capital punishment here in China is from restriction to abolishing.


After outlining recent developments in the United Nations system with regard to the growing role of evaluation, this article provides an overview on how evaluation was considered in the international policy debates that took place in 2015 to shape the new agenda, and the role evaluation should play during the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Furthermore, it outlines how efforts at the global, national and local level to strengthen evaluation can be made more effective.


This document contains reports from the meeting on hybrid microelectronic materials. Topics include ferroelectric ceramics, sol-gel processing, silica dielectrics, mechanical properties and physical properties of materials. Individual reports have been processed separately for the United States Department of Energy databases.


In the current Maxism philosophy textbook ,it is held by most writers that the relaionship between the universality of contradiction and the specificity of contradiction is one between the absolutism and the comparatism as well as one between the commonality and the individuality.I think the former is reasonable while the latter is nonsense.


The present study aimed to determine the acute toxicity and screening of central analgesic activity of various extracts of Rhizophora apiculata leaves. The animals (Mice) were divided into control (no drug) and extract-treated groups (n=5), which were treated with diethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, and aqueous extract of R. apiculata leaves in various doses for specific regulatory needs. The groups which were given the highest safe doses were observed for 14 days. Then, blood samples were collected from high dose treated live mice through the retro-orbital route and were analysed for haematological, biochemical, and histopathological study. Evaluation of central analgesic activity was carried out by using tail immersion and hot plate methods. No considerable alterations were observed in body weight and organ-to-body weight index with the administration of extracts. An increase in albumin, globulin, total protein content and high-density lipoproteins, white blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, and eosinophils were observed. And a decrease in low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and red blood cells were observed. Lymphocyte and monocyte levels were also reduced. The results also showed that the ethyl alcohol and aqueous extracts have elevated the time taken to flick response in the tail immersion test, and reduced the number of jumps, paw lick responses in the hot plate method. It was concluded that the diethyl ether and ethanolic extracts were found to be safe, which falls under non-toxic chemicals (LD50>2000 smg/kg) whereas the aqueous extract was found safe up to 550 mg/kg beyond which, it was shown mortality. Ethyl alcohol and aqueous extracts were also proved to have analgesic activity.


In the last decades, we have witnessed the development of soliton theory. This theory had a significant impact on both physics and mathematics. It provided rich material for models of classical field theory. Among these models there are well-known and important applications of equation such as the Korteweg-de Vries equation, the sine-Gordon equation, and others have proven to be well known. The soliton theory is the fusion of the classical theory of linear differential operators, the theory of Lie algebras, elements of geometry, algebra and the theory of derived categories. The theory of derived categories was the starting point for the development of F-theory, superstring theory, and D-brane theory, a modern version of The Theory of Everything. The paper is devoted to the theoretical researches for high-energy soliton objects of type of D-branes. D-brane theory is characterized by a very rich mathematical apparatus, the components of which are category theory, K-theory and homological algebra, which give information about the spectra, masses, decays of D-branes. For the further studying of D-branes their energetic spectra and phase transitions between different soliton states are calculated. By means of package INSTANTON BPS, states are calculated. For investigation of space of modules of Calabi-Yau manifold – the base of D-brane fiber bundle and for calculation the number of generations of quarks and leptons, the Nakamura's algorithm is applied for calculation the Hilbert scheme for orbifold model. By means of Clifford's algebra, the topological invariant of D-branes – K-functor is calculated, and the decay of D3-brane into


In 1943 in New York, Florence Conrad, a rich American woman, supported by powerful feminist leagues, bought several ambulances that were baptised the "Groupe Rochambeau." Her goal was to set up a unit of female ambulance drivers and to rally Free France in North Africa. After recruiting volunteers in New York and Morocco, the unit joined the General Leclerc's 2d Armoured Division. The itinerary of these women in male territory, ignoring the rules of gender, covers four continents at the rhythm of the Liberation of France and of the Indochina war. This article sheds light upon these pioneers of the feminization of the French Army. Recruited in a combat unit, actresses of the Liberation, female soldiers in Indochina, these women, although weaponless, are female soldiers from the very beginning. After these two conflicts, the future of these women and of the memory of the 'thankful homeland' illustrate the difficulties of France to incorporate female heroins in the ranks of its heroes.


A numerical method has been developed for the analysis of interactional aerodynamics of helicopter rotor and fuselage in forward flights. A 3-D steady compressible Euler solver is used to compute flows around helicopter fuselages. The time-averaged interactional effects between the rotor and the fuselage are calculated by modeling the rotor as an actuator disk carrying pressure jumps across the plane. Unstructured mesh is used to model complex rotor-fuselage configurations. Flow around a generic configuration was calculated for validations. Good agreements with the experiment in the time-averaged velocity and pressure distributions are obtained.


The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership style and organization performance in the context of Rajasthan small and medium enterprises (SMEs). To achieve this objective, an exploratory study was conducted and data were collected using structured questionnaire based on pretested scale Multi Factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X) is used. Data is collected from 373 SME and for analysis multiple regression was employed. The statistics shows the overall reliability of the scale used in the study and the findings indicate a significant relationship in between transformational and transactional leadership style and organization performance of SMEs. It is evident from the findings that although transactional leadership style is predictor of organization performance but fragile then transformational leadership style. The results are in conformance with previous research works (AL-Hussami and Yang 2008). The findings implicate that leadership style by leaders ensure the effectiveness and organizational success.


As a significant pattern-recognition receptor,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) protein mainly recognizes the pathogenic microorganism in innate immune system,and its polymorphism has a profound influence on response to a wide range of pathogens and is associated with resistance and susceptibility to diseases.In order to study the polymorphisms,porcine TLR4 gene exon was detected by PCR-SSCP of 90 samples in 9 pig populations,including Meishan,Erhualian,Shuzhong,Jiangquhai,Huai,Jinhua,Large Yorkshire,Pietrain and Jinhua×Pietrain hybrid F2(JPF2).Meanwhile,the gene sequence characters were analyzed by bioinformatics.The results showed 4 SNP sites,including G400A,G960A G962A and C1027A were detected and the first three were no-synonymous SNP sites.C1027A changed the character of amino acid.The bioinformatics analysis revealed that porcine TLR4 gene contained an open reading frame of 2 526 bp,encoding 841 amino acids(aa).The nucleotide sequence of TLR4 cDNA showed 87%,86%,79% and 73% similarties with those of cattle,sheep,human and mouse,respectively,and amino acid sequence showed 81%,80%,73% and 64% similarties,respectively.They existed marked differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of porcine TLR4 gene between western and oriental breeds.By bioinformatics analysis,it was predicted that the mutations in LRRs domain of porcine TLR4 gene might be associated with resistance and susceptibility to diseases.


While protein translocation in Gram-negative bacteria is well understood, our knowledge about the translocation of other high-molecular-weight substances is limited. Nozzle-like structures that secrete exopolymeric substances during gliding motility have previously been observed in the outer membranes of cyanobacteria and myxobacteria. Here, we show that these nozzles are composed of the secretins PilQ/GspD, the outer membrane component of the type II and III secretion systems, the type IV pilus apparatus, and filamentous phage extrusion machinery. Our results show for the first time that secretins may be used for secretion of non-proteinaceous polymers in some bacteria, considerably expanding the repertoire of substrates of these multifunctional outer membrane gates. Moreover, we show that gspD is an essential gene in Myxococcus xanthus, which, when depleted, renders this bacterium defective in slime secretion and gliding motility. Significance Many bacteria exhibit gliding motility, movement across surfaces. This motility has been correlated with the deposit of slime trails in their wake. To date, the mechanism of slime secretion has not been understood, and no cell envelope-structures have been identified that are involved in slime secretion during gliding motility. Here, we show that cyanobacteria and myxobacteria use the secretins PilQ/GspD, the outer membrane channels of the T2SS, for slime secretion, which demonstrates a novel cargo transport capacity of these multifunctional outer membrane gates.


Indonesia has many beaches that attract the attention of tourists, including the north coast of Java. In addition to visual appeal, there are also other potentials such as settlements, agriculture, fisheries, ports, ponds, and other resources. However, there is also a threat to coastal damage caused by, among other things, wave action, tides, abrasion, and tidal flooding. For this reason, in developing coastal areas on the north coast of Java, it is necessary to consider the potential for damage to the coast based on the physical condition of the coast and a system that can classify the vulnerability levels of coastal areas is also needed. The Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) can be determined and classified using for example the Gornitz formula, or using data driven model and machine learning based on the coastal parameter data. This study demonstrates how the K-Nearest Neighbor, also known as K-NN algorithm, can be used to classify the level of vulnerability of the coastal areas. This study uses 290 points (locations) along the northern coasts of Java. The parameters that determine the coastal vulnerability are mean sea level (MSL), mean significant wave height (MSWH), mean tidal range (MTR), shoreline changes, landforms and slopes. In this study, the classification of coastal vulnerability levels is classified into 4, namely "low, moderate, high and very high". The K-NN system uses 80% of the data for training and 20% for testing, with the value of K = 1 to 10. The test results show that the K-NN method is capable of classifying the vulnerability levels of the North Coast of Java. From the test results for values of K = 1 to K = 10, and by randomizing the training data and test data gives an average accuracy rate of 86.21% to 97.13%, with the best K value obtained at K = 2.


Tuberous sclerosis is a congenital disease, believed to be comparatively rare, characterized by nodular tumor masses in the convolutions and paraventricular regions of the brain, with clinical manifestations of epilepsy and mental deterioration. Tumors of the skin and heart and of the kidneys and other visceral organs are not infrequently associated with this condition. Some writers have given von Recklinghausen credit for reporting the first case in 1862.1In a brief article, without offering a diagnosis, he reported the results of the necropsy of a new-born infant which showed a number of sclerotic areas in the brain and several myomas projecting into the ventricles of the heart. The name "tuberous sclerosis" was first introduced by Bourneville in 1880. He was the first to recognize that this condition is a definite entity, and he contributed much of the present knowledge of this disease in a series of articles from 1880


Stroop-task is one of the most popular studies to check the ability of decision-making and cognitive process during high interference activity in the brain.  In the incongruent Stroop-task, the difference between the colour that we read and the colour that we see produces high interference activities in the brain.  This research aims to analyse the activity differences in each part of the brain during colour-task and word-task.  This study investigates how well the ability of decision-making and cognitive process during high interference activities that occur in the brain.  Electroencephalography (EEG) can record brain activities by recording the brain waves.  The results show that recognising the colour is more difficult than that of the written words in the Stroop-task as indicated by statistical test with t-value greater than threshold value (t>2.0027) and significant level of 0.05.  This study concludes that the colour-task gives more interference effect than the word-task.  The more interference effect is produced, the more wrong decision-making is obtained.Â


Purpose of this study was development of intermedium temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) cathode materials to replace the La1-xSrxMnO3-δ which was used as traditional high-temperature SOFC cathode material. The La1-xSrxMnO3-δ shows low conductivity in the temperature range (500 oC ~ 800oC), thus we used LaCoO3 as base which shows higher conductivity. In this study, it found that electrical conductivity and ionic conductivity increased by doping Sr, and it also pointed out that the La1-xSrxCoO3-δ cathode materials showd higher conductivity than La1-xSrxMnO3-δ in 500oC to 800oC. The La1-xSrxCoO3-δ sample that is more suitable as IT-SOFC cathode material. In this study, we used solid-state reaction method to preparae La1-xSrxCoO3-δ (x = 0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6) cathode material, the sintering temperature was 1200oC and held for 2 hours and 6 hours. All samples were analyized by archimedes method, X-Ray diffractometer, scanning electron micoscope, transmission electron microscope, direct current resistance, alternating current impedance, thermal expansion analyzer and other instruments, to determine the relative density, crystal structure, microstructure, conductivity and impedance. XRD data shows, sintering temperature 1200oC /2 and 6 hours, can be found in the structure of the specimens are single phase perovskite structure. At 60 mole% substitution lanthanum with strontium, the crystal structure becomes cubic. In SEM analysis, the average grain size increased with sintering time. Therefore the average grain size also increased with strontium increased. In DC resistance analysis, LaCoO3 showed semiconducting behavior, La1-xSrxCoO3-δ (x = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6) showed metallic conducting behavior. During 500oC ~700oC, the La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ-6h showd values of electrical conductivity ranging from 3260 S/cm at 500oC to 2425 S/cm at 700oC.


The invention discloses a method for processing cured cut stems. The method includes moistening, threshing and cutting cured tobacco leaves to obtain shreds and regulating moisture in the shaped tobacco shreds until the moisture contents of the tobacco shreds reach (12.5+/-1.5)%; packaging the tobacco shreds and aging the tobacco shreds for the aging time of 1-2 years; adding materials into the aged tobacco shreds, flavoring the tobacco shreds, increasing moisture in the tobacco shreds until the moisture contents of the tobacco shreds reach 12.0%, blending different modules according to grade requirements to ultimately form finished tobacco shreds and storing the finished tobacco shreds in storage cabinets for 8-60 h. The method for processing the cured cut stems has the advantages that tobacco stem processing links from leaf thrashing to finished stem shred obtaining can be simplified, energy consumption in integral processing procedures can be reduced, loss of aroma of the tobacco stems in the processing procedures can be reduced, inherent aroma of tobaccos can be highlighted, and the sensory quality of cigarettes can be improved; the aging time and the processing time can be shortened.


The noise level of wind tunnel test section is respected as one of the most important performance specifications to represent the flow field quality, especially for large scale wind tunnel. According to the acoustic experimental research conducted in the 0.6 m continuous transonic wind tunnel of CARDC, main noise sources in the tunnel loop included the compressor, the high-speed diffuser and the test section. To reduce the noise in the test section, it is necessary to prevent the test section from the compressor noise propagated both forward and backward. In 0.6 m wind tunnel loop, acoustic treatments were installed on both the compressor rear cone and the fourth corner to prevent the noise emitted from the compressor from propagating forward. The vanes in the forth corner were filled with glass fibers and covered with perforated panels. And the compressor rear cone was covered with three layers of micro-perforated panels. With acoustic treatment in the tunnel loop and the second throat throttling, the fluctuation pressure coefficient (ΔCp) is lower than 0.8%, which is close to the international advanced level.


In order to improve the retrieval efficiency, this paper uses case-based reasoning (CBR) in the retrieval of traffic congestion cases and tries to adopt the strategy of clustering case databases before retrieval so as to narrow the scope of case retrieval. In terms of case clustering, the k-means algorithm, with excellent performance in text clustering, is selected to cluster traffic congestion edge cases. At the same time, considering that there is a certain similarity among the descriptions of traffic congestion, the K-means algorithm is optimized to generate an accurate clustering. Those edge cases are clustered into microcase clusters of traffic congestion and then divided into different traffic congestion categories according to the distance of cluster center. Experimental results show that the clustered case base is divided into several microcase bases, which improves the accuracy and shortens the retrieval time in the process of retrieval and provides a new idea for the retrieval method in the process of case-based reasoning.


Background: Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections. They can save lives if they are used correctly, but nowadays antibiotic resistance has become a real problem.1 Infections by resistant microorganisms do not respond treatment, which prolongs the hospital stay, and increases the risk of death. Moreover, if the treatment fails or if the response to treatment is slow, the patient is contagious for longer, which increases the likelihood of transmission of resistant microorganisms.2 The clinical outcome can be improved with optimization of antibiotic practices. The aim of the study was to assess the level of awareness regarding Antibiotic stewardship among nurses. Methods andMaterials: A cross sectional descriptive correlational research design was adopted to assess the awareness of nurses on antibiotic stewardship. An extensive review of literature and guidance from the experts formed the foundation to the development of the tools such as demographic variables proforma, MCQ questionnaire on antibiotic stewardship in google form. The present study was conducted in selected tertiary care center at Chennai, among 60 nurses selected by purposive sampling technique. After obtaining setting permission and research participants' consent, a brief introduction of the research was given. Then the data were collected using the predetermined tools through email using google forms. The collected data were organized and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: More than half of nurses had adequate overall knowledge on antibiotic stewardship (55%), majority of them had adequate knowledge in antibiotic treatment (60%) and nurses' responsibility (63.33%). Around half of them had adequate knowledge in drug related side effects (46.67%) and its causative agents (50%). Conclusion: The present study reveals the necessity for continuous nursing education for knowledge update regarding importance of nurses regarding antibiotic stewardship.


This paper outlines the current status of the hydrometric network of the Prairie provinces and the Northwest Territories, the data and information available, general hydrologic characteristics of the region, and efforts being made to ensure that the network continues to meet the needs of Canadians in the future. Key words: hydrology, hydrometric network, streamflow, water level, sediment.


In interpersonal relationships between teachers and students, catechist and catechised, as well as in teaching and catechetical teams, communicological blockages and defence mechanisms are part of everyday life. These subjects have different expectations of each other, which in turn triggers resistance in the person. In their concrete experience, there are different observations, reflections and formation of abstract concepts. Conflicts are not always a bad thing. For Gestalt pedagogy, conflict situations present an opportunity for personal development, deepening relationships and growth of the whole group. Gestalt pedagogy uses methods to resolve conflict situations in a way that helps the individual to become aware of and reflect on his or her own feelings, memory traces, reactions and perspective on the conflict situation. Knowledge of the mechanisms of resistance and Gestalt methods for resolving communication blocks is a useful tool for team members (especially for novice teachers and mentor teachers) to build better quality relationships. Good relationships within a team can increase success at work.


the original statement that history is the mother of truth is merely an "elogio retorico de la historia" because the author is "el 'ingenio lego' Cervantes," but when Menard writes these same words, he does so as the contemporary of William James, aware that historical truth "es lo que juzgamos que sucedio" (Borges 57). At the end of the lengthy monologue listing his literary works by name at the beginning of Book 4 of the Viaje del Parnaso, Cervantes makes an extraordinary and risible claim to pure heavenly, rather than material, inspiration: "Tuve, tengo y tendre los pensamientos, / merced al cielo que a tal bien me inclina, / de toda adulacion libres y exentos" (4.58-60). [...]according to Cervantes, his genius is unadulterated by lying, fraud or deceit: "Nunca pongo los pies por do camina / la mentira, la fraude y el engano, / de la santa virtud total ruina" (4.61-63). [...]he says: "Tu mismo te has forjado tu tura" Apollo's cautionary words to Cervantes reveal a cultural economics in which literary fortune is like economic wealth: some are born with it, some gain it gradually, and some earn it for themselves. Concurrently, historians of science in Spain, following the lead of Jose Maria Lopez Pinero, have investigated the domains of medicine, astronomy, anatomy, and the Spanish institutions that gave form to a systematic educational system designed to prepare navigators, cartographers, engineers, miners, and doctors who would be engaged in imperial enterprises such as transoceanic voyaging, mapping of previously uncharted coastal lands, collecting and categorizing unknown plants and animals, and mining and refining ores.


The English language has certainly become the most influential international language in the world. The teaching of English attracts the attention of researchers for many socio linguistic and pedagogic reasons, especially for the development of higher education in the teaching of English as a Foreign Language. Various initiatives in non-English speaking countries, including the Arab world, have been launched to promote the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language. More specifically, in Saudi Arabia, the critical knowledge of teaching and learning English is considered to be essential in education in order to raise the English language learning proficiency, especially in speaking. The present paper focuses on the English language learning barriers of speaking in particular, where Tibah University is presented as a case study. Accordingly, ten English speaking classes have been observed for the foundation year at Tibah University, in order to find out the reasons behind Saudi students' lack of speaking. The English programme and curriculum, teaching strategies, and students' motivation, anxiety and reticence will be discussed in detail as the most prominent factors that impact upon speaking proficiency and language learning. Therefore, it is essential to study the abovementioned factors to maximise the awareness of some of the potential English learning barriers that Saudi students face. This will help raise the overall academic English language standard, in particular the speaking proficiency, at Tibah University.


A cybernetic model of identity has been proposed by Kerpelman, Pittman, and Lamke (1997) and critiqued by Berzonsky (1997) and Grotevant (1997). This commentary recognizes some of the importantfeatures of the theory and its critics and goes beyond to question what kind of person is being depicted in the Kerpelman et al. article. Some potential shortcomings of identity control system theory are noted. However, the theory has very compelling and potentially useful theoretical dimensions. It is concluded that the theory should be taken seriously and that some logical limitations be reconsidered to enhance its usefulness and logical consistency.


This paper proposes distributed algorithms to solve robust convex optimization (RCO) when the constraints are affected by nonlinear uncertainty. We adopt a scenario approach by randomly sampling the uncertainty set. To facilitate the computational task, instead of using a single centralized processor to obtain a "global solution" of the scenario problem (SP), we resort to <italic>multiple interconnected processors</italic> that are distributed among different nodes of a network to simultaneously solve the SP. Then, we propose a primal-dual subgradient algorithm and a random projection algorithm to distributedly solve the SP over undirected and directed graphs, respectively. Both algorithms are given in an explicit recursive form with simple iterations, which are especially suited for processors with limited computational capability. We show that, if the underlying graph is strongly connected, each node asymptotically computes a common optimal solution to the SP with a convergence rate <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(1/(\sum _{t=1}^k\zeta ^t))$</tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lbrace \zeta ^t\rbrace$</tex-math></inline-formula> is a sequence of appropriately decreasing stepsizes. That is, the RCO is effectively solved in a distributed way. The relations with the existing literature on robust convex programs are thoroughly discussed and an example of robust system identification is included to validate the effectiveness of our distributed algorithms.


The stability of open-pit mining is a hot issue in geotechnical engineering. A mining railroad is in operation on the slope where the east exhaust inclined shaft and the east sand injection inclined shaft on the Laohutai Mine are located, and it was necessary to determine whether railroad vibration would have an impact on the safety of the inclined shafts. With this project as the background, the dynamic response of the slope with inside two inclined shafts was conducted under train loading. A three-dimensional numerical model by using PLAXIS 3D was established to analyze the stability of the slope. The results show that the dynamic reaction caused by the full-loaded train is significantly greater than the no-load train. The safety factor of the slope under the dynamic load is 1.201, and the maximum displacement of the slope which occurred in the gravel layer directly beneath the train track is about 5 mm. The acceleration responses of the two inclined shafts are almost consistent. The maximum horizontal and vertical acceleration occur at the epidote weak layer. The acceleration directly below the load increases significantly. Therefore, it can be considered that the slopes are stable under the action of train vibration, and the influence on the two inclined shafts is small and negligible.


61 final chapter looks at the cinematic apparatus as a technological tool through which the spectator is reminded of the auteurist vision. The emphasis on the cinematic apparatus (camera, projection, screen, movie theatre, etc.) within a filmic narrative is a reminder of how the film is made by a director/author whose cinematic works and style are distinguishable for the spectator, as he/she believes in the creative presence of that director. The opening scene of Ingmar Bergman's Persona (1966), representing close up shots of a film projector and its operation along with a film negative with animated images, is a direct reference to the film's machinery. Although the close up shots of the cinematic projector make the involvement of human in the cinematic apparatus invisible, it still showcases the film as an artistic construct, and to be more precise, a construct of the director to whom the cinematic apparatus is referring. In general, Self-Projection offers a provocative study of the integration of the author's vision with the filmic narrative through a complex process in which director, actor, spectator, and cinematic apparatus are actively involved. Linda Harverty Rugg's compelling arguments in regard to auteurism and the director's self-projection pave the way for other scholarly works that might consider women authors and the issues of gender, race, and ethnicity through cinematic self-projection.


Both China and the West shared a long historical period of ignorance in their study of translation itself as a separate field.The researchers did not study for translation's sake but out of their own interests in Buddhism as in ancient China,or out of their own interests in revitalizing China as in the case of Yan Fu.It was not until the 1980s that the Chinese sense of object and field in the study of translation as a discipline was completely aroused and consolidated by the related developments in the West.After the above-mentioned long-time ignorance,the West has witnessed additional two critical periods: linguistic and literary research approaches before they established a separate discipline of Translation Studies in the 1970s.In the 1980s the Translation Studies was a success story and the cultural turn occurred in the 1990s.


The invention discloses an LED projection lamp. The LED projection lamp comprises a shell, an installation support, an LED light source structure, a driving device and a light transmitting piece. The inner side face of the shell is formed by a first inclined plane, a light source installation surface and two second inclined planes, the included angle between the first inclined plane and the light source installation surface is set to be one hundred degrees to one hundred and forty degrees. The LED light source structure comprises a circuit board arranged on the light source installation surface and LED lamp beads arranged on the circuit board. The first inclined plane, the light source installation surface and the second inclined planes on the two sides are all reflecting surfaces and incline inwards so as to form a reflecting surface structure with a light condensation effect. When the LED lamp beads on the light source installation surface emit light, light irradiates on the first inclined plane and the second inclined planes can be irradiated outwards in the center direction after being reflected, the light condensation effect is good, almost all light irradiates outwards after being reflected, the light utilization rate is high, the lighting effect is high, and therefore the LED projection lamp is good in light condensation effect and high in light utilization rate.


I t is well known in the nuclear spectroscopy [1] that the angular correlation between two successive radiations can be perturbed by extranuclear fields surrounding a nucleus: In the case that the intermediate state of the nucleus has a magnetic moment or an electric quadrupole moment, either or both of these moments interact with the fields and the interaction causes the precession of the angular momentum vector about the local field direction. This perturbation takes place when the life time of the intermediate state is sufficiently longer than the time of interaction between the nucleus and the fields. This is one of the undesirable phenomena in the nuclear spectroscopy studies, since the perturbation attenuates the true correlations. On the other hand, this undesirable phenomenon reflects the circumstances of the nucleus. I t seems, therefore, full of promise to apply the perturbed angular correlation technique to the study of the local fields in solid and liquid materials. Especially, it seems convenient to apply this technique to the investigation of the chemical circumstances in which the interested atoms are situated. For instance, the Zürich group demonstrated [2] that the confusion in the orbital electron shells following electron capture has an influence on the correlation. In the present experiment an attempt was made to measure the perturbed angular correlation for Re in some


Apoptosis is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis, and apoptosis evasion is considered as a hallmark of cancer. However, increasing evidence also suggests that proapoptotic molecules can contribute to the development of cancer, including liver cancer. The aim of this study was to further clarify the role of the proapoptotic B‐cell lymphoma 2 homology domain 3 (BH3)‐only protein BH3 interacting‐domain death agonist (BID) for chronic liver injury (CLI) and hepatocarcinogenesis (HCG). Loss of BID significantly delayed tumor development in two mouse models of Fah‐mediated and HBsTg‐driven HCG, suggesting a tumor‐promoting effect of BID. Liver injury as well as basal and mitogen‐stimulated hepatocyte proliferation were not modulated by BID. Moreover, there was no in vivo or in vitro evidence that BID was involved in DNA damage response in hepatocytes and hepatoma cells. Our data revealed that CLI was associated with strong activation of oxidative stress (OS) response and that BID impaired full activation of p38 after OS. Conclusion: We provide evidence that the tumor‐promoting function of BID in CLI is not related to enhanced proliferation or an impaired DNA damage response. In contrast, BID suppresses p38 activity and facilitates malignant transformation of hepatocytes. (Hepatology 2015;62:816–828)