Infrared (IR) thermal detectors and photodetectors have significant applications including thermal imaging, infrared spectroscopy and chemical and biological sensing. In this work we focus on photodetectors, which typically use narrow gap semiconductor materials requiring cryogenic cooling to provide measurable signals above thermally generated noise. Our study investigates one class of photodetectors, namely photoconductive semiconductor films. When embedded within resonant cavities, these films are additionally capable of precise detection at narrow, selectable bands and enable the development of monolithically-integrated detectors that are physically small, highly responsive and able to record data autonomously. Lead chalcogenides such as PbTe are ideal photoconductive material candidates because (i) low-cost thermal deposition produces polycrystalline films that exhibit good mid-IR responsivity without being subject to lattice-matching constraints, and (ii) they do not require cryogenic cooling. We show that the responsivity of polycrystalline PbTe is enhanced by oxidation annealing. This investigation sought to determine a viable set of processing conditions for thermally depositing oxygen-sensitized PbTe photoconductors on Si substrates. Depositions were performed under high vacuum on the order of 1 0-6 Torr. Physical shadow-mask and photolithographic techniques were used to pattern the films in order to produce photoconductive samples with varied film and electrical contact geometries. The introduction of non-functional "dummy layers" within 100-300 pm of the usable samples prevented undesired film peeling during the lift-off process. PbTe films displayed an FCC rocksalt structure and slight preference for (200) texture when thermally deposited on a Si substrate. A 250-nm thick sample exhibited large photoconductivity, with responsivity higher than 100 V/W between 2-3 jim wavelengths, a factor of 4 higher than literature values for similar films. Sn metal formed highly ohmic contacts with the PbTe layer, permitting Hall experiments that showed the film to be p-type with a carrier concentration of 1.49 x 1017 cm-3 and Hall mobility of 21 cm 2 Vs-. The carrier concentration was thermally activated with activation energy of 0.137 eV. These values are comparable to past experiments in which the film was sensitized by exposure to oxygen at ambient conditions. Further research is needed to establish the exact origin of the enhanced photoconductivity observed.


The anti-ischemic agent trimetazidine (TMZ) added to pharmacological treatment appears to have positive effects on cardiac parameters of patients with heart failure (HF) as a result of specific antioxidant properties. Objectives: We aimed to verify whether the marked improvement provided by TMZ in echocardiographic and clinical parameters was likely to translate into reduced all-cause mortality in systolic HF patients. Methods: Meta-analysis of available published prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) data (1967-2014) retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Collaboration. Results: A total of 326 patients from 3 RCTs were analyzed: 164 who received TMZ on top of pharmacological HF therapy and 162 controls. Study durations ranged from 12 to 48 months. The analysis had no publication bias and the studies were homogeneous (p = 0.442, I2 = 0). The results show a significant effect of TMZ on the reduction of all-cause mortality (RR = 0.283, p < 0.0001). The rate of events attributable to the drug was lower with TMZ than it was among control patients. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that in patients with HF, TMZ given as an add-on therapy is likely to provide a protective effect, reduce all-cause mortality and increase event-free survival, and could be an effective and useful adjunct to our armamentarium for the treatment of HF patients.


Nature-derived cyclic peptides have proven to be a vast source of inspiration for advancing modern pharmaceutical design and synthetic chemistry. The focus of this review is sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1), one of the smallest disulfide-bridged cyclic peptides found in nature. SFTI-1 has an unusual biosynthetic pathway that begins with a dual-purpose albumin precursor and ends with the production of a high affinity serine protease inhibitor that rivals other inhibitors much larger in size. Investigating the molecular basis for SFTI-1's rigid structure and adaptable function has planted seeds for thought that have now blossomed in several different fields. Here we survey these applications to highlight the growing potential of SFTI-1 as a versatile template for inhibitor engineering, a prototypic peptide for studying inhibitory mechanisms, a stable scaffold for grafting bioactive peptides, and a model peptide for evaluating peptidomimetic motifs and platform technologies.


Water infrastructure has been degrading on a national scale in the U.S. for years. Much of this degradation is caused by massive leakage in aging water mains. Water is a critical, and finite resource, early identification of these leaks would not only save cities millions of dollars in revenue but also safeguard our limited natural resources. Current methods of leak detection are either too costly, unscalable, or only feasible in the short-term. We propose using environmentally powered embedded adaptive sensors to provide cost-effective water-monitoring infrastructure that can operate maintenance free for the lifetime of a water main. In this poster we will present our early monitoring system, and initial results and analysis from our current deployment in the Clemson University water distribution network. We also present future directions and key research questions.


Recent papers published in this journal (Stern et al., 1983; Calman and Chamberlain, 1983) have modified our understanding of the structure of Limulus ventral photoreceptors. The receptor's light-sensitive rhabdom has been found to be restricted to one or more specialized lobes termed R (rhabdomeral) lobes. In the light microscope, the R lobes can be distinguished from the A (arhabdomeral) lobe only after glial tissue has been removed from around the photoreceptor (Stern et al., 1983). Following these discoveries, previous studies of photoreception by the ventral eye may require revision. In particular, Stern et al. (1983) discuss the work of Fein and Charlton (1975) in which adaptat ion of the photoreceptor was shown to be localized within the cell. In this work, two spots of light were focused onto a cell having intact glia. Prolonged stimulation at one spot did not adapt the response to the other spot when the spots were separated by >50 #m. Stern et al. point out that the two spots may have been placed in separate R lobes within the same cell. This possibility leaves unresolved the question of whether adaptat ion is localized within a single R lobe. We have therefore repeated Fein and Charlton's (1975) experiment, using cells stripped of their glia so that the R lobes were clearly visible (Stern et al., 1983). After the glia and connective tissue had been removed from a ventral photoreceptor cell body (Stern et al., 1983), the axon remained the only part of the cell still a t tached to the ventral nerve. The free-floating cell body was held in place for intracellular recording by the use of a suction electrode (see Fig. 1A). The cell shown in Fig. 1A has a single R lobe and was chosen to illustrate our findings because the separation between the A lobe and the R lobe of the photoreceptor is clearly delineated by a prominent indentation (Stern et al., 1983). The R lobe is located to the right of the indentation. The region of this cell having the highest sensitivity to light is indicated in Fig. 1B and corresponds to the location of the R lobe (Stern et al., 1983). Figs. 1C and D show that each of the two regions that are illuminated by small spots in Fig. 1A can be independently desensitized. Thus, adaptat ion within an R lobe is localized over a distance less than the 60-#m separation of the spots in the experiment of Fig. 1. Extension of the time of adaptat ion from 9 to 70 s did


This document presents an application of Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) in a secondary frequency regulation problem with an active participation of renewable photovoltaic and wind generators. This problem is known as Load Frequency Control (LFC). The ADRC technique uses a reduced set of information of the model by grouping the effects of non-modeled dynamics, exogenous disturbances, and parameter uncertainties into a generalized equivalent disturbance, which in this case is estimated by an Extended-State Observer. This makes it possible to design a decentralized controller that achieves the bifold control objective of a secondary LFC strategy in each area. The proposed controller is able to regulate the frequency of each area and the tie-line power exchanges in presence of several load disturbances. The simulation scenarios validate the control proposal and show the flexibility and advantages of the application of ADRC-based control techniques as decentralized solutions to an LFC problem.


Vitamin B12 blood level in patients with myeloma (C90 - International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)), lymphocytic leukemia (C91) and myeloblastic leukemia (C92) prior and after the diagnosis and also BCR-ABL (fusion gene from breakpoint cluster region BCR gene and tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 (Abelson murine leukemia) gene) tests for C92 patients were studied.Clinical records of 20 C92 patients in Riga East University Hospital were complemented with 6987 B12 clinical test data accumulated in E Gulbis laboratory (EGL) for 7451 patients over 20 years period. BCR-ABL and B12 dynamics for 11 patients with sufficient number of BCRABL and B12 tests were studied.Oracle Cloud with pseudonymized data replica from more than 350 000 000 original EGL clinical test data was used. The data were selected by online analytical processing and SQL built in tools and then used in offline analysis and visualization.Annually there are 107, 189 and 91 confirmed cases of C90, C91 and C92 in Latvia. EGL has 30% more C90-92 patients, due to suspected but later unconfirmed cases. Out of 7451 patients 1386 had one B12 test, two- 548, three and more- 864. The patients with diagnosis fluctuating between C90, C91 and C92 were excluded from the study. The data for the time period of 10 years before and after the first diagnosis were analyzed.Results. Methods and tools for data extraction and analysis from large amount of archived clinical test data were developed and applied. High and very high B12 level was observed for 53% of C92 patients starting from 3 years prior to diagnosis. For C90 and C91 patients B12 level changes around the diagnosis date were also observed although the effect was considerably smaller. Analysis of 11 selected patient data with clinical records showed timewise correlation between B12 and BCR-ABL for 3 of the patients.


The current outbreak of the financial tsunami makes many low-end manufacturing enterprises face shutdown or even collapse.However,a little number of famous enterprises with independent intellectual property famous brand,show strong international competitiveness,turning adversity into opportunity,relying on independent intellectual property famous brand.For this reason,based on enterprise growth and brand competitiveness,this paper defines growth concept of independent intellectual property famous brand,and researches the growth phases,growth characteristics of independent intellectual property famous brand,aimed at providing theoretical guidance for the creation and operation of independent intellectual property brand.


The utility model discloses color-spun yarn made of bamboo charcoal fiber of photocatalyst, which comprises bamboo charcoal fiber of photocatalyst taking cationic modified polyester as a carrier. The bamboo charcoal fiber of the photocatalyst has a porous spongy structure; and bamboo charcoal sub-nanometer powder and titanium dioxide sub-nanometer powder are distributed on the outer surface of the bamboo charcoal fiber of the photocatalyst and the surface of micropore in the porous spongy structure. Textiles made with the color-spun yarn of the utility model has the functions of harmful gas and microorganism absorption, bacteriostasis and mildew resistance, far-infrared wave emission, negative oxygen ion releasing, moisture adsorption, quick dry and the like; and the harmful gas and microorganism can be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water when being irradiated by light, thereby playing an effective role of air and environment purification. In addition, the utility model has wide application prospect in various fields and facilitates local environment purification.


This paper on the basis of summing up the abnormal data mining and detection principle proposes a method of abnormal data detection based on improved self-organizing maps and makes exploration and knowledge discovery-stage research to hidden abnormal data in order to put forward new solution ideas and research programs for data mining field.


From the Publisher:
Discover the basic concepts of object-oriented programming and the elements of object-oriented design. Timothy Budd teaches objects, class methods, inheritance (including multiple inheritance), polymorphism and principles in a language-independent manner, with examples from five different languages: C++, Delphi, Java, Objective-C, and Smalltalk.


Born in the year of Waterloo, Henry Went worth Acland, fourth son of the Devonshire baronet, was educated at Harrow and Christ Church. After taking his degree, he was elected, in 18-10, a Fellow of All Souls', and thereafter studied medicine at St. George's, London, and the University of Edinburgh. In Edinburgh he was much influenced by the personality and teaching of Alison, and in his later years he often recurred to the work of that great and good man. In 1846 he took his medical degree in Oxford, and soon afterwards became physician to the


Communication is the sharing of information between individuals or groups to reach common understanding or goals. Ensuring effective and efficient communication is important when dealing with complex structures such as a nuclear power generation environment. This calls for a need for partnership and dialogue between major stakeholders in government, industry, employees, and the public at large. Even though communication can alarm people to seek safety, it can be used to calm employees as well as generate a sense of urgency. This chapter uses a survey to investigate the relationship between communication and 13 critical factors of lean management principles in an organization where safety is the fundamental component of the process. Data was collected and analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results show that friendliness, willingness, guarantee, criticism, self-esteem, and acceptance are positive predictors of a lean communication while responsibility is negative.


In this paper we compare the use of two metrics that could be used as indicators of the quality of streamed video in a wireless home network based on 802.11g. One of the metrics is throughput which is a traditional performance metric. The other metric is based on the perceived quality of a video clip. Based on the perceived video quality and throughput results, a comparison study is carried out between the conventional strategy (i.e. throughput) and a new strategy based on perceptual video quality measurements for data rate adaptation. The results demonstrate that the throughput metric underestimates the perceived quality of video meaning that it is not a satisfactory indicator of the quality of video clips.


The main objective of this study is to examine the performance of companies listed in the Saudi Stock Exchange. For this purpose, we studied and tested a sample of 792 firm-years among from 11 industrial groups for the years 2006 to 2013 and compared Family and Non-family firms. The research addresses the questions 1) Do family owned firms perform better? 2) How does concentration of ownership affect firm performance, comparing family firms to non-family ones? This research attempts to fill a research gap on the relationship or determinants of capital structure in one of the emerging markets, Saudi Arabia. This study will be implemented through a quantitative approach. Secondary data were obtained from published annual statistical data, from the company financial reports and the DataStream database.


Mr S is a 38 year old Indian man who has type 2 diabetes mellitus for 3 years. He is currently on metformin 500mg BD. His BMI is 24.9 kg/m2 (weight 72 kg, height 170 cm). His blood glucose is well controlled (HbA1c 6%). His fasting lipid levels are as follow: Total cholesterol 5.0 mmol/L, HDL-C 1.60 mmol/L, LDL-C 2.6 mmol/L and triglyceride 0.9 mmol/L. He has no family history of acute myocardial infarction. He is a smoker (14 sticks/day, 12 years) but non-hypertensive. He asks if he should take atorvastatin, a lipid-lowering drug that his father is taking. (copied from article)


Multispecies bacterial communities such as the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract can be remarkably stable and resilient even though they consist of cells and species that compete for resources and also produce a large number of antimicrobial agents. Computational modeling suggests that horizontal transfer of resistance genes may greatly contribute to the formation of stable and diverse communities capable of protecting themselves with a battery of antimicrobial agents while preserving a varied metabolic repertoire of the constituent species. In other words horizontal transfer of resistance genes makes a community compatible in terms of exoproducts and capable to maintain a varied and mature metagenome. The same property may allow microbiota to protect a host organism, or if used as a microbial therapy, to purge pathogens and restore a protective environment.


My artistic practice began, in 2004, with a desire for catharsis. Much of my work since has been concerned with the articulation of that desire and my attempts to achieve it through the process of making art. Although the themes in my work have become more complex over the last four years, that initial attraction to catharsis has endured. This has led me to explore not only the role of catharsis in the work of other artists but also the history and differing theories of catharsis.


Abstract The propagation, of a plane electromagnetic wave in a magnetoelectric crystal is described by an eigenvalue equation in which the eigenvalue is the phase velocity of the wave and the eigenvector is the electric-field. The equation is first solved for the special case in which the dielectric tensor is real and diagonal, the magnetoelectric effect is absent and the magnetic susceptibility is zero. This leads to well-known results (e.g. the existence of double refraction). Perturbation theory is then used to consider the effect of including small additional terms. It is found that the imaginary part of the dielectric tensor leads to optical activity; the real part of the magnetoelectric tensor leads to a new optical effect in which an initially plane polarized wave progressively changes its state of polarization; the imaginary part of the magnetoelectric tensor also leads to optical activity. These results are compared with those of Brown, Shtrikman and Treves who considered wave propagation in a me...


Objectives To analyze retrospectively the clinico-pathological features influencing the occurrence of anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection of rectal cancer, as well as its management and outcome of patients. Methods The clinico-pathological features of 674 cases of low-situated rectal cancer were analyzed retrospectively. The relationship between the occurrence of anastomotic leakage and the patients' gender, tumor size, tumor location, Dukes' staging, emergency or elective operation and techniques of anastomosis was evaluated. The clinical manifestations of the anastomotic leakage and its management were also reviewed. Results Anastomotic leakage occurred in 39(5.8%) cases, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 4.02%-7.54%. The incidence of anastomotic leakage in patients with tumor within or greater than 6 cm from the anus was 6.2% and 5.5% respectively. The incidence of anastomotic leakage in patients with tumor larger or less than 3 cm in diameter was 5.9% and 5.5% respectively. The incidence of anastomotic leakage in patients with Dukes' B, C and D stage was 2.4%, 7.9% and 7.4% respectively. The emergency operation led to a higher rate of anastomotic leakage compared to that of the elective operation (26.7% vs 5.3%). Conclusions The occurrence rate of anastomotic leakage is not correlated to the size (P=0.962) and location (P=0.798) of the carcinoma; however, it is closely related to the type of operation (P=0.003) and the Dukes staging (P=0.018). The major clinical manifestations of the anastomotic leakage include intermittent or persistent fever, paralytic ileus and discharge of faecal material in the drainage tube. Local irrigation via the drainage tube, total parenteral nutrition and construction of defunctioning stoma are the main strategic points to manage the leakage.


The aim of this study is to assess the marginal adaptation of different ceramic materials produced by the CEREC system (Sirona, Germany). An analog of the solid abutment Straumann (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) measuring 5.5mm of height, with platform of 4.8mm, tilt from the axial wall of 6 degrees and chamfer finish line was used as a master model and scanned with an intraoral scanner (CEREC Omnicam). 20 machined crowns were obtained - 10 manufactured from lithium disilicate blocks (IpsE.maxCad, IvoclarVivadent, Liechtenstein, Germany), 10 manufactured from nanoceramic resin blocks (3M ESPE Lava Utimate, USA). The assessment was made using the Replica Technique (RT) and the cementation coating was measured using an optical microscope Mitutoyo (TM 500). Results show a mean marginal disadaptation of lithium disilicate crowns of 78.63µm, which is significantly larger than the one found for nanoceramic resin crowns - 63.15µm. It is possible to conclude that nanoceramic resin crowns have a better marginal adaptation than lithium disilicate ones. Notwithstanding, results found for both groups are within the clinically acceptable values for indirect restorations.


The effect of mechanical stress on solid phase epitaxial recrystallization of implanted amorphous III‐V semiconductor layers is studied for the first time. A dual approach is used, involving either direct application of uniaxial stress on whole GaAs samples or the use of strained InGaAs layers deposited on InP substrates with indium composition as a stress control parameter. Observations show that with high applied stresses up to a few kilobars recrystallization kinetics remain unaltered. While homogeneous coherent strain does not bear any influence on interface roughness during regrowth, inhomogeneous strains due to defects greatly enhance the growth front roughness. This last result is interpreted in terms of defects acting as generating sources of additional defects during recrystallization.


The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology eliminated the internship as a requirement for certification in psychiatry in 1970. Preliminary study on a psychiatric inpatient service of internship-trained first-year residents with that of a matched group of residents who entered the same program without the internship disclosed differences in patient care practices. The same group of residents in their subsequent years of training in a psychiatric outpatient service were compared. A chart review comparison disclosed differences in areas of management in psychiatric outpatient treatment, referral patterns, and use of medication. Supervisory ratings of the residents were found to differ substantially in nine of the 15 measured categories.


Copyright: © 2021 M. Esterio, C. OsorioNavarro, M. Azócar, C. Copier, M. Rubilar, L. Pizarro, J. Auger. This is an open access, peer-reviewed article published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress.com/pm) and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


The main tools of the appeal system of the public procurement system "Prozorro", the features of their use at the moment and prospects for improvement are considered. Based on the results of the analysis of the status and prospects of the Prozorro system development by the example of its appeal subsystem, it can be noted that since its introduction in 2016, a balanced set of tools of protection the participants' rights and means of appeal of decisions of customers has been formed. The structure of this complex includes free instruments (of which the most important is the requirement, which is published via the web interface in the Prozorro system), and a paid means, such as a complaint.

The dynamics of the quantity of procedures with complaints and requirements for the period 2017-2019 is investigated. Analysis of the requirements and complaints showed a tendency of increasing their total quantity, as well as the quantity of satisfied requirements and complaints. Comparison of the share of satisfied requirements and complaints showed that the percentage of satisfaction of requirements by customers themselves and the percentage of complaints, satisfied by the Antimonopoly Committee, are at a comparable level. This indicates the advisability of using free appeal tools by complainants. In addition, this refutes the thesis of mass neglect by customers the appeals of participants.

The hypothesis that satisfaction of complaints ("elimination of violations of the law in the field of public procurement") leads to increase of economy and efficiency, is not confirmed. During the 2017-2019 study period, the highest efficiency (relative economy) indicators are observed in the groups of procedures for which complaints have been rejected or withdrawn. The absolute maximum of 7.0% relative economy is observed in 2019 (more precisely, from the beginning of the year until the middle of November 2019) on rejected complaints. As for comparing performance across groups of satisfied and dissatisfied complaints, it was only in 2018 that the performance rate for satisfied complaints was slightly (0.6%) higher than that of dissatisfied complaints. In the other years of the study period, on the contrary, the effectiveness of procedures with unsatisfied complaints was higher than with satisfied complaints.

Prospects for research in this direction are to clarify the causes of this phenomenon, including through the formation and study of the information array at the level of individual procedures.


Plant volatile organic compounds (Biogenic Volatile
Organic compounds, referred BVOCs) have a significant impact on the atmospheric
environment, air quality and human health. This experiment takes Acer
truncatum flowers as the research
object, uses solid-phase micro-extraction combine GC-MS (SPME-GC-MS) to
detect the main component of volatiles released by the flowers from 10 individual
trees of Acer truncatum (Acer truncatum Bunge). The results
showed that 37 kinds of volatiles were detected and they are belonged to four
types organic compouds, such as terpenoids, alcohols, ketones, esters. According
to the analysis of the main components of Acer truncatum flower
volatiles includes Fluorene, 4,8 -Dimethyl-1,3 (E), 7-Nonene, (cis, trans)-2,6-Dimethyl-2,4,6-triene-Partenkirchen,
Myrcene, Basil hexene, 3-Carene, (E)-Basil, Camphene,
Caryophyllene, Linalool, α-Terpinolene,
O-cymene, 3-Vinyl-1,2-dimethyl-1, Eucalyptus alcohols and Alcohol vinegar-12. However, there were no significant
differences between individual trees in terms of obscure material O-cymene, Eucalyptus alcohols, Alcohol vinegar-12,
as well as the significant differences in terms of remaining volatiles.


The teresting of the founding cultural of the father matrix unasked of of economics, questions economic of phenomena. adam intellectual smith, One had history of a strong the is most how sense the inof the cultural matrix of economic phenomena. One of the most interesting of the unasked questions of intellectual history is h w the science of economics should have lost this sense and become an abstract


The Service Parts Planning (SPP) solution was developed by SAP in a joint effort with Caterpillar and Ford, to address the specific planning problems of service parts. This book explains the processes, structures, and functions of this new solution and is targeted for project members and project managers who are involved in an implementation of SAP SPP or for users who want to gain a better understanding of the software.


The method of ultrasonic interferometer has often been used in measuring the sound velocity in liquids. The accuracy of this method, however, is not an excellent. The present method will give a good advance in the accuracy and in the upper limit of the applicable frequencies. The writer was able to detect 0.2 μ of the movement in the acoustical path of particular distances. A frequency of 15 Mc was used.


Biodiesel being environmentally friendly is fast gaining acceptance in the market as an alternate diesel fuel. But compared to petroleum diesel it has certain limitations and thus it requires further development on economic viability and improvement in its properties to use it as a commercial fuel. The cold flow properties play a major role in the usage of biodiesel commercially as it freezes at cold climatic conditions. In the present study, cold flow properties of various types of biodiesel were estimated by using correlations available in literature. The correlations were evaluated based on the deviation between the predicted value and experimental values of cold flow properties.


Recent concerns about the foundations of fuzzy logic could effectively be responded in the positive. That is there is logic in fuzzy logic in the narrow sense as indicated by Zadeh. In order to explain the fundamentals of fuzzy logic, we present a systematic: development of classical as well as fuzzy logics. This is done first separating the notions of membership assignment of elements to sets and truth assignment to propositions. Next we discuss the formation of truth tables for both the classical and fuzzy logic theories. Then we consider the derivation of canonical forms for the basic combination of concepts. Under various axiomatic assumptions, it can be shown that there are various categories of fuzzy logics as well as classical logic within the same framework. ' In addition, however, it is also shown that current literature on fuzzy logic discusses a myopic version of fuzzy logic that is proposed in this paper. This is in fact tums out to be the case since current papers do not ask the fundamental question: "What are the basic formulae of fuzzy theory?" Instead most papers just fuzzify the Boolean Normal form expressions by inserting fuzzy values into those formulae. This may be the reason why some skeptics still question whether there is logic in fuzzy logic be it in the narrow sense. With the proposed formation of fuzzy truth tables and the derivation of canonical forms, a positive constructive response is provided to the critiques of the current literature of fuzzy logic. But along the way, while getting a flexible theory, we-have to face up to additional uncertainty and hence complexity that one has to deal with for better knowledge representation and reasoning purposes. That is one has to harness the Type I1 fuzziness and its impact on decision-making and control. etc.


Objective—Although junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) has recently been implicated in leukocyte recruitment on early atherosclerotic endothelium and after reperfusion injury, its role in neointima formation after arterial injury remains to be elucidated. Methods and Results—Here we show that the genetic deletion of JAM-A in apolipoprotein E–deficient (apoE−/−) mice significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia after wire injury of carotid arteries without altering medial area. This was associated with a significant decrease in neointimal macrophage content, whereas the relative content of smooth muscle cells and endothelial recovery was unaltered in JAM-A−/−apoE−/− compared with JAM-A+/+apoE−/− lesions. In carotid arteries perfused ex vivo, deficiency in JAM-A significantly impaired the recruitment of monocytes 1 week, but not 1 day, after injury. These effects were paralleled by an attenuation of monocyte arrest and transmigration on activated JAM-A−/−apoE−/− versus JAM-A+/+apoE−/− endothelial cells under flow conditions in vitro. A mechanism underlying reduced recruitment was implied by findings that the luminal expression of the arrest chemokine RANTES in injured arteries and its endothelial deposition by activated platelets in vitro were diminished by JAM-A deficiency. Conclusions—Our data provide the first evidence to our knowledge for a crucial role of JAM-A in accelerated lesion formation and monocyte infiltration in atherosclerosis-prone mice.


Preconditions of development of behavioural forms arise and are fixed at early and preschool age, basically, in sphere of detsko-parental relations and influence further formation of their person. The parental relation to children influences the relation of the child to and associates. The accepting relation of parents causes reciprocal acceptance of a family and a family situation as a whole. Nonacceptance of the child by parents leads to aggression, infantility, recourse in development.


In recent years, parallel tunnels for high way are often constructed in Japan . In this case, it is necessary to consider not only the stability of the 2nd stage tunnel construction but also the influence of the pre-excavated 1st stage tunnel. In addition, it is important to estimate the construction records of the 1st tunnel for the rational design and construction methods of the 2nd stage tunnel. In this paper, the authors compare with the construction records of 15 sets of parallel tunnels which finished construction. The construction records include the tunnel support pattern, tunnel face observation records and convergence measurements.


The genetic gains from eucalyptus breeding programs have decreased, compared to the previous decades, while the productivity has declined in recent years. This drop is mainly attributed to climate change, which, according to studies, has limited the productivity and altered the adaptation of forest species. In addition to this, it is considered that the soil is one of the components of the forest production that acts directly on the dynamics of water and nutrients for trees, and it is intended to evaluate the attributes of soils that maximize the productivity of wood to assist forestry companies in the indication of soils with better productive capacity to produce wood.  Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of climate and soil attributes on the productivity of the eucalyptus forest and on the response to drought in Brazil (tropical and subtropical) in places with three types of climate: sub-humid, humid and super-humid. In addition, we sought to calculate a proposal for optimal values of stable soil attributes over a forest cycle/rotation to maximize Eucalyptus productivity. To do so, 24 experiments were installed in Brazil with 4 common clones in all the experiments to obtain strong edaphoclimatic contrasts, and, thus, to measure the productivity and the response to drought and to describe its relationship with the attributes of the soils. Three climatic groups were evaluated: Sub-humid (precipitation rate: evapotranspiration between 0.5 to 1.0, Wet (precipitation rate: evapotranspiration between 1.0 to 2.5), Super-humid (precipitation rate: evapotranspiration between 2.5 to 5.0). Wood productivity varied among Eucalyptus clones, with an average of 1.86 being the variation range. The genotype versus environment interaction (G X E) was strongly noted, and it was observed that some clones are more affected by the climate in relation to others. The optimal values of Sand, Clay, Silt, CEC, O.M to maximize the wood productivity were: 54.68 %, 18.94 %, 7.02 %, 31.49 mmolc/dm³, 27.17 g/cm³.


Detached-eddy simulation (DES) was first proposed in 1997 and first used in 1999, so its full history can be surveyed. A DES community has formed, with adepts and critics, as well as new branches. The initial motivation of high–Reynolds number, massively separated flows remains, for which DES is convincingly more capable presently than either unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) or large-eddy simulation (LES). This review discusses compelling examples, noting the visual and quantitative success of DES. Its principal weakness is its response to ambiguous grids, in which the wall-parallel grid spacing is of the order of the boundary-layer thickness. In some situations, DES on a given grid is then less accurate than RANS on the same grid or DES on a coarser grid. Partial remedies have been found, yet dealing with thickening boundary layers and shallow separation bubbles is a central challenge. The nonmonotonic response of DES to grid refinement is disturbing to most observers, as is the absence of...


Abstract. An approach to assessing the performance of carbide cutting inserts based on fixing changes in the defectiveness of its structure is proposed. The assessment is based on the phenomenon of activation of inhomogeneous chemical processes at extremely low concentrations of substances that occur in places of excessive surface activity in the structure of the material. The effect is determined by the initial imperfection of the structure of the surface layer of the material and the increase in the defectiveness of the carbide material under the influence of thermobaric loading during the operation of the tool. It is proposed to use the black index of the chemographic image of the studied object as a criterion for the array of structural defects, the value of which indicates the level of structural violations and internal defects in the material.


Idiosyncratic risk (IDR) is defined in general as the uncertainties of return to investors from an investment portfolio leading to diversification or hedging to mitigate and avoid such risks. This article aims to analyze the IDR of banking sector on oil (OI), stock market indicator (SMI), and fiscal indicator (FI) of Sultanate of Oman. This article examines the IDR of six banking sectors listed in Muscat Security Market (MSM), from 2009 to 2015. Financial modeling is used to determine the IDR of banking sector treated as an independent variable. This study uses three main critical dependent variables, OI, SMI, and FI. The ordinary least squares regression results depicted that there is a statistically significant impact on all of SMIs in MSM 30 share price and its market capitalization with direction of oil exports as OI being significant, as well as total expenditure as percentage of gross domestic product is significant as FI at different significant levels 1%, 5%, and 10%. The findings of the research indicated a weak investor's protection mechanism and strongly recommend heightened government focus on stressing the importance of having a formal system based on stability, safety, transparency, and supervision of the implementation of contracts so as to protect small investors, eventually leading to increased investments in stocks. Facilitation and encouragement to foreign direct investment will also lead to increase in the performance of fiscal management indicators and improve the export prices of oil, giving a boost to the economic and financial system of the nation.


Recently, many researchers have employed a microsimulation technique to study the chain of interactions among vehicles, which generates an accident occurrence in some circumstances. This new approach to studying road safety is named traffic conflict technique. The aim of this paper is to assess how the microscopic simulation is a useful tool to identify potentially unsafe vehicle interactions and how high-risk locations identified by a microsimulation technique are similar to the ones identified by using historical accident data. Results show that high-risk locations identified by the simulation framework are superimposable to those identified by using the historical accident database. In particular, the statistical analysis employed based on Pearson's correlation demonstrates a significative correspondence between a risk rate defined with simulation and an accident rate determined by the observed accidents dataset.


An infrared spectrometer for the 1 μm < λ < 5 μm wavelength band is described. The instrument consists of a grating spectrometer cooled to solid nitrogen temperature, which can be used with a piezoelectrically scanned Fabry-Perot interferometer. Resolving powers between 102 and 105 can be achieved with this instrument. This particular combination of spectrometer components leads to high sensitivities longward of the 2 μm band, where Fourier transform spectrometers are more severely limited by noise from the thermal background.


During the past fifty years, developments in science and technology have been achieving significant improvements in the diagnoses and treatment of illness. As a consequence of this development, the clinical engineering field was emerged to handle the increasing number of medical equipment used in today's hospital. At the beginning, the clinical engineering's role was to support and advance patient care by applying engineering and management skills to healthcare technology. However, this role is currently expanded to act as stewards of healthcare technologies to address as well the great advances in information technology and its broad applications in medicine. The main goal of this survey is to focus much greater attention on the sate of the art of the convergence between the clinical informatics and clinical engineering in terms of patient safety, health information privacy and security, and patient care devices. These aspects are discussed from the perspective of the integrating healthcare enterprise (IHE) initiative as well as healthcare regulations, such as HIPAA.


The paper describes processes of gear shifting in the «Belarus» tractor of 5.0 class, when it is switched to the economy operation with regard to the independent power take-off (PTO) shaft. It has been suggested that the mechanical switching of operation modes of an economical PTO shaft would be replaced by switching by means of friction clutches with hydraulic prepressure. The dynamic and mathematical models of the system with elements of PTO shaft components have been obtained. The obtained expressions are universal for calculating the operation, the time of slipping of friction clutches and the time of tractor acceleration during gear shifting in the PTO shaft with a varying degree of overlap, because they allow calculations to be performed when shifting gears with a varying degree of overlap, and also, when starting and accelerating from stop.


Bringing the idea of students` individual educational trajectories into focus, Russian universities employ an 'educational supermarket' model and take for granted that universities are capable of incorporating any novelty. This paper proves the opposite, i.e. universities use specific 'filters' to minimize external influence. New filters introduction is able to destabilize the system and make it sensitive to outside cues. This phase, with its sensemaking potential, is the most efficient for building educational trajectories. However, this phase is short, for universities tend to reduce volatility and complexity. They are 'autopoietic'. Genuine individualization stems from a person`s understanding of value that he or she can create over the trajectory of their lives, which is above autopoietic frames of one university. This paper discusses a shift in focus – from individualization to blended value – with the central premise that value is itself a 'blend' of economic, environmental, social, political, and personal factors. This notion shifts the focus from a university as the center for a person`s individualization to a university as an equal stakeholder and actor that identifies and maximizes blended value. Keywords—individualization, educational trajectories, filters, educational supermarket, sensemaking, blended values


The pure rotational spectrum of the asymmetric top ZrO2 has been collected using a Fourier transform microwave spectrometer that employed a laser ablation molecular beam source. Four rotational transitions for each of five Zr16O2 isotopomers have been recorded. The rotational constants of the 90Zr16O2 isotope were determined to be A=19 881.352 MHz±0.068 MHz, B=7693.895 MHz±0.021 MHz, and C=5533.111 MHz±0.036 MHz. The r0 structure was determined to possess a Zr–O bond length of 1.7710 A±0.0007 A, and an O–Zr–O bond angle of 108.11°±0.08°. The electric dipole moment has been measured for the 90Zr16O2 isotope and found to be μb=26.02×10−30 C⋅m±0.07×10−30 C⋅m [7.80 Debye±0.02 Debye]. The nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure for the 91Zr16O2 isotope has also been recorded and analyzed, yielding χaa=115.94 MHz±0.16 MHz, χbb=−37.55 MHz±0.33 MHz, and χcc=−78.39 MHz±0.16 MHz. High-level density functional theory calculations yield a structure that agrees well with the values determined experimentally. Several ne...


One important element of developed and developing countries is the transportation because there are activities of the population with a range of social and economic mobility which needed transportation to cover their mobility. It afflicts to all large cities in both developing and developed countries that produces broadly similar results such as traffic congestion, parking difficulties, accidents, crowded public transport, environmental damage, and bad conditions for pedestrian. In this research, the researcher concerns in the condition of public transportation. In most cities, public transportations have roles in alleviating traffic congestion, parking difficulties and the environmental impacts of commuting by automobile. In fact, public transportation is not able to compete with private vehicle. Public transportation should be able to give security and safety guarantee to the passengers.The purpose of this research is comparing the performance of public transportation in both South Tangerang City, Indonesia and Hat Yai City, Thailand. In this research, there are three research methods; document analysis, observation, and interview . The interviewees include government sector, private sector, and civil society. In conclusion, the dominant problems of public transportation performance which are faced in both South Tangerang City, Indonesia and Hat Yai City, Thailand are related to the lack of supporting facilities, the inappropriate habits of the driver, the criminal action inside public transportation, the existence of illegal driver, influenced by the political factor, have an old physical condition, and lack of assertive sanction for the drivers who violate the traffic regulations.


Atriplex shrubs are essential sources of animal feed, predominantly to dry and semi-dry areas. To overawed feeding shortages, particularly in the summer seasons when Savannah growth is imperfect or dormant. In order to study the effect of water defects, treatments i. e. 1.00, 0.50 and 0.25 ET at four levels of grazing i. e. intensities cutting in winter (CW 1) at the November, non-intensities cutting in winter (CW 2) at the November, intensities cutting in summer (CS 1) at the May and non-intensities cutting in summer (CS 2) at the May and their interaction on forage Atriplex productivity. Irrigation at 1.00 ET significantly shaped the highest plants, the highest fresh and dry forage yield/plant, fresh and dry forage yield/ha, percentages of protein, ether extract, crude protein and fiber yield (kg/ha), ether extract, ash, nitrogen free extract yield (kg/ha) as combined analysis. Irrigation at 0.50 ET significantly recorded the highest percentages of crude fiber. Whilst, irrigation at 0.50 ET created the lowest values of the deliberate restrictions. The highest plants were obtained from non-intensities cutting in summer (CS 2) at May and recorded the highest fresh and dry forage yield/plant, fresh and dry forage yield/ha, the highest values of water use efficiency, ether extract percentage, crude protein and fiber, ether extract, ash and free nitrogen extract yield/ha. Intensities cutting in winter (CW 1) at November formed the lowest standards of the studied parameters. It could be suggested that irrigation at 1.00 ET and cutting in summer (CS 2) at May significantly maximized Atriplex forages yield and its quality.


......................................................................................................................... I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. III PUBLICATIONS .............................................................................................................. IV CONTENTS.........................................................................................................................V LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... XI LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... XVIII CHAPTER 1 .........................................................................................................................


We prove that there exists no aligned Einstein–Maxwell generalization of the spherical class of Newman–Tamburino solutions. The presence of an aligned Maxwell field automatically leads to the cylindrical class.


This paper analyzes the impact of a randomized conditional cash transfer program on cognitive development in early childhood in rural Nicaragua. We first show that children have very large delays along various dimensions, including language acquisition, memory, and social skills, and that these delays are related to household consumption levels. We then show that the program had significant effects on cognitive outcomes. Program impacts are largest for older pre-school aged children, who also have more delays. We analyze how the program affected several key inputs into early childhood development, and present evidence suggesting that program impacts are not due to the cash component of the program only. The expenditure patterns of beneficiary households are significantly different from those in control households, indicating that households do not spend the cash received through the program in the same way as other income. In particular, we show that the program caused a significant upward shift in the food Engel curve, as well as increases in the food shares devoted to animal proteins, fruits and vegetables. In addition, children in households who benefited from the program received more early stimulation, even after accounting for the increase in overall expenditure levels. It appears that treated households allocate resources differently than control households with similar consumption levels, which helps explain the catch-up effect in cognitive development outcomes. * Johns Hopkins University; o World Bank + We are grateful to Ximena Del Carpio for countless contributions during data collection and preparation, the program team at the Ministerio de la Familia and in particular Teresa Suazo for their collaboration during the design of the impact evaluation, as well as the Centro de Investigación de Estudios Rurales y Urbanos de Nicaragua (in particular Veronica Aguilera, Carold Herrera, Enoe Moncada, Carlos Obregon and the entire field team) for excellent data collection. We also thank Isabel Beltrán for research assistance. Financial support for this research has been received from ESSD trust funds, the RRB grant, as well as the Government of the Netherlands through the BNPP program. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the World Bank or any of its affiliated organizations. All errors and omissions are our own. Contacts: firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com and firstname.lastname@example.com


We investigate the influence of magnetic field amplification on the core-collapse supernovae in highly magnetized progenitors through three-dimensional simulations. By considering rotating models, we observe a strong correlation between the exponential growth of the magnetic field in the gain region and the initiation of shock revival, with a faster onset compared to the non-rotating model. We highlight that the mean magnetic field experiences exponential amplification as a result of $\alpha$-effect in the dynamo process, which works efficiently with the increasing kinetic helicity of the turbulence within the gain region. Our findings indicate that the significant amplification of the mean magnetic fields leads to the development of locally intense turbulent magnetic fields, particularly in the vicinity of the poles, thereby promoting the revival of the shock by neutrino heating.


locations, acquiring subsidiaries in South Africa in 1975, and then in Sweden, France, Switzerland, the United States, Italy, and Germany and culminating in the acquisition of the Thorn Lighting group in 2000. In 1976, encouraged by state legislation facilitating the conversion of the company into a public limited company (plc), Zumtobel converted its stock into a 100 percent family-owned joint stock company (AG). With the acquisition of Thorn, Zumtobel became the leading European supplier of internal lighting products and the third largest worldwide behind Osram and Philips. The Thorn acquisition was achieved through collaboration with the private equity company Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR), which acquired 34 percent of Zumtobel AG. KKR sold its entire holding of Zumtobel at the time of the 2006 stock-exchange fl otation. The family holding was reduced to 34 percent; 66 percent of the stock was in diverse ownership. After the death of Walter Zumtobel in 1990, the family was directly involved in executive functions through the sons, Fritz and Jörg; after 2003, management devolved to nonfamily members for the fi rst time. Feurstein's study recounts a history of extraordinary achievements, which should be of considerable interests to students of European economic and political history, as well as to business historians. Tenacity, foresight, managerial fi nesse, and strategic vision abounded in this family of enterprises, ultimately overshadowing the extraordinary good luck of its founder.


The paper studies the biological properties of film coatings created on the basis of polysaccharides (xanthan and carboxymethylcellulose) for use in various branches of the agro-industrial complex. It was found that samples of these film coatings completely decomposed in the soil in 7 days, and did in the aquatic environment in an average of 3.5 h. The effect of these film coatings on the organism of laboratory animals (rats) was studied by adding them to animal feed (experimental group). During the experiment, no deviations in behavior were noted in the experimental group of rats; no death in both the control and experimental groups of animals occurred. The studied film coating had no negative effect on the large intestine microbiocenosis and the animals' weight. It was shown that the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms in the experimental group was 3 times less than in the control one, and the number of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus was 3.3 times higher than in the control group. The results obtained indicate the biological safety of the use of the studied film coatings.


What are the experiences with the decision-making process of girls with Turner syndrome (TS) considering ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC), their parents and healthcare providers?

 Offering a new option to preserve fertility in TS caused unrealistic hope leading to challenges for healthcare providers to fulfil the ideal of informed consent.

 Due to premature ovarian insufficiency, girls with TS have only a small chance of genetic offspring. OTC might increase these odds. Healthcare providers and scientist are still cautious in offering OTC to girls with TS because of the many uncertainties regarding OTC in this patient group. Hence, OTC is now offered to girls with TS between 2 and 18 years old in a research setting: the TurnerFertility study.

 A retrospective qualitative study consisting of a survey and focus groups. Within a year after counselling, families (n = 132) received a survey with 30 questions regarding their experiences with the decision-making process and also an invitation for a focus group. The focus groups were conducted between January and October 2019 and lasted 51-84 minutes. The topic lists were based on literature research and survey results. Results were analysed following a thematic analysis approach.

 This is a sub-study of the prospective intervention study within an academical medical centre. Focus groups were composed through purposive sampling. Focus group 1 (FG1) consisted of five gynaecologists involved in counselling, FG2 with seven paediatricians who referred girls for counselling, FG3 with nine parents of girls with TS between 2 and 12 years old and FG4 with three parents of girls with TS between 13 and 17 years old.

 90% of survey respondents appreciated counselling regarding fertility options and considered it an enrichment of existing healthcare. The individual consultation was rated as most contributing by 66% of the survey respondents, followed by the information meeting (37%) and decision aid (3%). The focus groups revealed that many had not discussed options for future parenthood with a healthcare provider before. Girls with TS and their parents indicated that the option of OTC raised hope for future genetic offspring, and at once made them feel like they had no choice but to take this chance. The small chance of success did not influence the decision for families who opted for OTC. Some parents who had to decide for their young daughter accepted OTC to give their daughter the option to decide herself whether to make use of the cryopreserved tissue later in life. Gynaecologists found it challenging to truly make families grasp a realistic perspective of OTC in TS and the associated mental and physical risks. Gynaecologists and paediatricians struggled with conflicting moral principles of non-maleficence against respect for autonomy: healthcare providers recognized the scientific relevance for the TS population, while it felt inconsistent with the disproportionate burden for some individual patients.

 Because there was no validated survey for this topic in TS, we developed a survey based on literature research and experiences of a dedicated TS team. Among the survey responders and focus group participants a greater proportion decided for OTC compared to the overall counselled group (75% vs 60%).

 This study gives insight in the issues to consider when implementing new technologies regarding fertility, in which parents have to decide for their child, where it is expected that anticipated decision regret plays a major role, or where healthcare providers experience conflicting duties as scientist and physician.

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Models-based instruction (MBI) has shown to improve student learning in Physical Education (PE). Combined with the use of technology feedback, one MBI the Sport Education (SE) Model, has the potential to not only enhance student outcomes but bring together learning communities to enhance the overall environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of student learning/performance through MBI and technology. Specifically, on the influence of using heart rate monitors in combination with the SE Model to impact MVPA and jump rope performance. The study consisted of 130 (61 Female, 69 Male) 4 th grade students from three PE classes. Students' classes were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups. All students completed a pre-and-post 30-second jump performance test, and a subsample of students was asked to wear accelerometers to capture MVPA among the three groups. Also, two of the groups wore heart rate monitors as a potential motivational device, one with and without the instructional intervention piece. Descriptive statistics and mean scores were calculated. ANOVA tests were conducted to determine the effects of the intervention on the jump rope performance test amongst all groups as well as to test potential differences in percentage of MVPA over the educational unit between the three intervention groups. Results from this research show that 4 th grade students were more likely to both, (1) increase in their 30-second jump rope performance tests, and (2) time spent in MVPA when trained within the SE model and given opportunities to track target heart rate than compared to a traditional Jump Rope unit or a traditional delivery with heart rate monitors. The SE model produced favorable results in jump rope performance and overall MVPA in 4 th grade students. Continued analysis of technology use and instructional approach is recommended for elementary students. When evaluating the post hoc pairwise adjusted mean scores, the results showed that overtime the SEPS group had more time on average than the TRAD (-9.27%) and TPS (-15.91%) groups across the unit. Given the effect size, these findings over a 6-lesson unit are quite significant.


This paper discusses the security technologies of the smart card in four aspects.Firstly,it reviews some of the available techniques of attacking the smart card and corresponding secure methods through external attacks and internal attacks.Secondly,two types of encryption mechanisms:asymmetric key mechanism and symmetric key mechanism in IT security are introduced.Thirdly,it studies the security technologies in hardware secure form,which includes ICC and plastic support security technologies.At last,through three technologies: identification,digital signature and certification which are often used in smart card fields,it discusses the software secure feature of the smart card.


The main objective of the study was to advance good supply chain management practices for cabbage through improved shelf life, safety and produce quality, with a view to improving the sustainable supply of cabbage to the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality. Twenty-nine (29) cabbage farmers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data obtained was analysed descriptively using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software Version 22. Descriptive statistics identified the modes, means of variables, frequencies, and percentages. The results of the study showed that the majority respondents face cabbage losses due to poor management during transportation. Moreover, challenges experienced by the cabbage farmers included mould growth, poor transport services, poor temperature management, poor stock handling practices, and location of the farms in relation to the market. The findings further revealed that insect infestation in some cabbage consignments was also a contributing factor which led to a high rejection rate among the retailers. The researchers propose that extension advisers should train cabbage farmers to address the identified challenges and ensure a regular monitoring and evaluation process to ensure the success of farmers.


Dots are ideal systems to study fundamentals on heat transfer at the nanoscale and promising nanoscale heat-engines and thermal devices. Here, we report on the validation of our theoretical model on the thermal conductance of a metallic dot single-electron transistor (md-SET) by a recent experiment on the low-T thermal conductance. We compare with the experiment, we emphasize the physics interpretation and characteristic values and we apply the model to evaluate the operation the md-SET as heat-switch. Perfect agreement is shown between the calculated and the measured charge conductance G, heat conductance \k{appa} and the ratio \k{appa}/GT. The experimental findings confirm the theoretical predictions on the periodicity of the Coulomb oscillations in the classical regime, the low-T extreme values and the high-T limits of G and \k{appa}. The calculated conductances of the md-SET are presented in universal curves from low-T to high-T. It is shown that the md-SET can efficiently operate as a heat switch at temperatures , Ec being the charging energy of the dot.


Recently, a new linearized implicit iteration method (LI) has been proposed for the minimal non-negative solution of non-symmetric algebraic Riccati equation. In this research, we have introduced a modified form of the Linearized implicit iteration method (MLI) to solve the non-symmetric algebraic Riccati equation by using another parameter in a linear matrix equation, and built convergence analysis under suitable conditions. Numerical experiments proved that our modification is much more feasible and effective in the contrast to the exiting LI iteration method.


Background and Aim: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute childhood febrile illness with worldwide incidence and the highest incidence occurs in Asian children, with coronary arteritis being the main complication. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has also been described as a complication of KD in several articles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SNHL in patients with KD treated with intra vein immunoglobellin (IVIG). Methods: In this cross sectional study, we evaluated 56 patients who received KD treatment between 2011 and 2015 by auditory brainstem evoked response (ABR), pure tone audiometry (PTA), and tympanometry. Also, we evaluated the prevalence of coronary arteritis, the time of beginning IVIG treatment from the onset of fever, the prevalence of thrombocytosis, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in acute or subacute phases of their disease. Results: During audiological evaluation, we found SNHL in one (2.6%) of the 36 patients. Other findings in the acute and subacute phases of KD included: 8 patients (22%) had coronary aneurysm, 17 (47%) thrombocytosis, 25 (69%) had elevated ESR, and the treatment with IVIG within 10 days of fever was done in 19 patients (53%). Conclusion: SNHL is a complication of KD which could extend beyond the treatment time. In this study, the patient with SNHL was treated with KD two years before the study and in the acute phase of KD, he had thrombocytosis > 500,0000, ccoronary artery aneurysm, ESR > 40. The treatment with IVIG was done within the first 10 days of fever onset.


Describes a solvent extraction head that provides an apparatus in which all regular laboratory continuous solvent extractions can be performed.


Mary Adams Wright was born in Newbliss and was educated in County Monaghan and Armagh before reading medicine. She worked in Omagh before moving to England, initially to Chester Hospital, where …


In recent years, medical image researches for brain tumor detection are attaining more curiosity since the augmented need for efficient and objective evaluati on of large amounts of data. Medically, tumors are also known as neoplasms, which are an abnormal mass of tissue res ulting from uncontrolled proliferation or division of cells happening in the human body. If such growth is loca ted within the brain, then it is called as brain tu mor. Numerous researchers have made the noteworthy survey of the field of medical imaging and soft computing for bra in tumor classification. This paper congregates representati ve works that demonstrate how artificial intelligen ce (AI) is applied and, which are used frequently to classify the brain tumor images from the normal brain images.


Background: Temperature and mortality among the elderly has been widely studied. Infants have been far less researched but also lack thermoregulatory response to heat exposure. Neonates up to 28 da...


Globalisation, in particular the increasing multinationalisation of businesses, has forced government suppliers into direct (in the form of parallel governments) or indirect (in the form of free trade) competition. However, the growth of supranational organisations such as the EU threatens the power of exit which is so vital to competition: overlapping government functions create waste and encourage further the growth of centralisation.


This article examines cognitive process models of human sentence comprehension based on the idea of informed search. These models are rational in the sense that they strive to find a good syntactic analysis quickly. Informed search derives a new account of garden pathing that handles traditional counterexamples. It supports a symbolic explanation for local coherence as well as an algorithmic account of entropy reduction. The models are expressed in a broad framework for theories of human sentence comprehension.


Objective: To study the effect of blood type on the hemoglobin release of normal adults' RBC.Methods: Hemoglobin release test(HRT) was used to study the hemoglobin release in RBCs of normal adults with different blood types.Results: There is no significance in the hemoglobin release of normal adults with different blood types.Conclusion: Glycophorin has no significant effect on the hemoglobin release of RBC.


A new corrosion-wear resistant alloy for pumps used in hydrometallurgy of zinc and it's heat treatment were studied.Microscope,X-rag diffraction,SEM and corrosion-wear tests were used to investigate the microstructure and corrosion-wear resistance and compare with that of CD-4MCu and YL for impellers.The results showed that the σ phase of high hardness being pricked in matrix,could effectively prevent the matrix from erosion by solid particle and reduce the corrosion-wear lost in hydrometallurgical process of zincy production.The new alloy strengthened by σ phase is the best in corrosionwear resistance among them.


Data analysis We modeled subjects' judgments of motion direction as resulting from a mixture of strategies-on some trials subjects reported a weighted average of the grating normal direction and the hand movement direction and on other trials they reported the motion direction associated with one of several features in the stimulus. For trials with circular apertures, this was simply the grating normal direction. For trials with square apertures this could have been the direction of one or another of the terminators along the edges of the aperture (± 45 o from the grating normal direction) or the grating normal direction itself. The model assumed that the distribution of responses on trials in which the subjects used a specified strategy was a wrapped Cauchy distribution WC r ,ϕ (), where r represents the median reported angle and ϕ represents the quartile of the distribution. This distribution is given by WC(r | r ,ϕ) = 1 2π 1 − ϕ 2 1 + ϕ 2 − 2ϕ cos{r − r } (1) Since we assumed that subjects could use any one of a set of strategies, our model for the distribution of subjects' judgments was a weighted sum of wrapped Cauchy distributions – one for each strategy employed by the subject p r h, v () i =1 n ∑ , where r is the reported motion direction, h represents the hand movement direction, v represents the grating normal direction, i indexes the different strategies that a subject could use to make their judgment and π i is the probability that the subject uses a given strategy on a trial. The hand


The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of catalase used following bleaching for the elimination of hydrogen peroxide residues from human teeth on the microleakage at the tooth-resin composite interface. In this study, class V cavities were prepared on the buccal or lingual surfaces of seventy extracted human molar teeth, and crown of sixty teeth were immersed in 30% hydrogen peroxide at for 5 days except for negative control group. Then the teeth were rinsed with water and distributed randomly into seven groups of 10 each and were conditioned as following Negative control group: No bleaching Positive control group : bleaching and no application of catalase (C-40) Experimental group 1 : one cycle of catalase application for 3 min. and water rinse for 2 min. after bleaching Experimental group 2 : two cycles of catalase application for 3 min. and water rinse for 2 min. after bleaching Experimental group 3 : three cycles of catalase application for 3 min. and water rinse for 2 min. after bleaching Experimental group 4 : four cycles of catalase application for 3 min. and water rinse for 2 min. after bleaching Experimental group 5 : five cycles of catalase application for 3 min. and water rinse for 2 min. after bleaching The cavities of each groups were restored with composite resin. The teeth were thermocycled, stained with 2% methylene blue, and sectioned buccolingually. Degree of dye penetration at tooth-restoration interfaces were examined by stereomicroscope() at occlusal and gingival margin The results were as follows : 1. On the occlusal margin, there was no significant difference in the microleakage between the negative coltrol group and experimental groups (p>0.05). But on the gingival margin, experimental groups showed higher microleakage than the negative coltrol group (p0.05). The result indicated that catalase used in bleached cavity for the elimination of hydrogen peroxide residues from human teeth maybe reduced microleakage at the tooth-resin composite interface.


A compact, rapid and cost-efficient system for the determination of total mercury (Hg) in a single human hair strand is presented. The system uses induction heating-electrothermal vaporization and gold amalgamation trapping in tandem with either atomic fluorescence spectrometry or atomic absorption spectrometry with background correction detection. Using these techniques, detection limits of 0.1 ng or 0.2 μg g−1 and 0.08 ng or 0.1 μg g−1 (based on a 0.6 mg sample) of Hg were achieved, respectively.


The study of multiple systems and their link with the presence of discs around their components is key to understanding the evolution of low-mass pre-main sequence stars. Although there are indications that high-multiplicity systems are much more frequent among very young stars, until now, only a few of these young low-mass stellar systems have been confirmed. Here, we present high spatial resolution i band imaging of the system formed by LkHα 262 and LkHα 263, in the MBM12 cloud. It was obtained during the first commissioning period of the Adaptive Optics Lucky Imager (AOLI) at the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope, using its Lucky Imaging mode. The multiple system LkHα 262/263 is composed of four low-mass very young M-type stars and some discs, including an edge-on disc around LkHa 263C. The AOLI data combined with previously available and newly obtained optical and infrared imaging show that the three components of LkHα 263 are co-moving, that there is orbital motion in the AB pair (0.41arcsec separation), and, remarkably, that LkHα 262-263 is a common proper motion system with a less than 1 mas/yr relative motion. According to BT-settl models the mass of each of the five components is close to 0.4 M and the age is in the range 1-2 Myr. We also give marginal evidence of a cooler companion to LkHα 262, at less than 0.15 arcsec, turning LkHα 262-263 into a five-component likely gravitationally bounded system. The presence of discs in some of the components offers an interesting opportunity to investigate the formation and evolution of discs in the early stages of multiple very low-mass systems.


The main theme of this article focuses on the study of the abandonment of neighborhoods or colonies that make up large cities in terms of the urban conditions that exist between its streets and avenues. In this case we refer to the América Norte neighborhood located in the east of the city belonging to the state of Puebla, Mexico. There are currently no adequate spaces for efficient pedestrian mobility, especially for the most vulnerable sectors such as the elderly, a sector that is the focus of this research. Therefore, the main objective is focused on carrying out a community management process that aims to offer strategies and actions to improve mobility conditions and pedestrian accessibility through citizen participation, all this with the collaboration of the board of directors, street representatives and institutions of the corresponding municipal government. The methodology used is developed from the complex systems from the action-research, in order to analyze and understand the problems from the social and urban environment that allows to broaden the perspective of the needs that reflects the social reality that exists in the neighborhood.


Abstract A defect in phytanic acid oxidation was demonstrated in cultured fibroblasts derived from skin biopsies of 11 patients with Refsum's disease (heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis, or HA...


Quantum detection processes in QFT must play a key role in the description of quantum field correlations, such as the appearance of entanglement, and of causal effects. We consider the detection in the case of a simple QFT model with a suitable interaction to exact treatment, consisting of a quantum scalar field coupled linearly to a classical scalar source. We then evaluate the response function to the field quanta of two-level point-like quantum model detectors, and analyze the effects of the approximation adopted in standard detection theory. We show that the use of the RWA, that characterizes the Glauber detection model, leads in the detector response to non-local terms corresponding to an instantaneously spreading of source effects over the whole space. Other detector models, obtained with non-standard or the no-application of RWA, give instead local responses to field quanta, apart from source independent vacuum contribution linked to preexisting correlations of zero-point field.


Citizens' relationships to the state are shaped through a number of institutions: education, voting, interest groups, criminal justice systems and social service systems, among others. Scholars have focused on voting and interest groups as the primary vehicles of state-citizen interaction. Less attention has been devoted to the ways in which individuals' notions of citizenship (broadly defined) are shaped through interactions with the state in "day-to-day" encounters. We focus in this paper one area of interaction: social service provision. In an era of increasing economic need and social dislocation, more individuals and families are turning to the state for assistance. In Washington State, one third of all residents are served in some capacity by the state's primary social service agency. We ask two questions in this paper: (1) what messages are sent to individuals about their own citizenship by the state and (2) do these messages vary according to race and/or language spoken? Using a systematic audit method, we collected data from 54 Community Service Offices in Washington State to explore the types of messages sent to individuals and to investigate if and how these messages vary according to race.


Smart cards, which are formed by embedding a semiconductor chip in a thin plastic card, are fast becoming recognized as a card technology that will soon supersede conventional magnetic stripe cards. This technology features large data storage capability and a high level ofdata security. Smart cards are indispensable when implementing electronic settlement systems using electronic money, and have an important role as an economic media that can be a substitute for cash value. This work will describe the Mondex electronic cash system in which Hitachi, Ltd. is a key participant. The microprocessor used for this system features various functions, including large capacity data storage and a particularly high level of data security. Mondex will form the basis for future electronic settlement systems. In addition, it is becoming clear that smart cards technology will become widely used in the area of credit cards. Hitachi has developed a variety of microcomputers for smart cards and is rapidly becoming a leading company in this field.


IT governance mechanisms approach to facilitate associated decision process in large organisation, but IT governance structures in small and medium enterprises (SMEs), is quite limited. SMEs tend to have an idiographic profile with characteristics that differs strongly from large business. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is assessing whether IT governance is applicable to SMEs. We needed a framework of IT governance in SMEs. Under the objectives, we studied literatures about IT governance and standards, SMEs and corporate governance. With the results we created the framework of IT governance in SMEs and in implementing this framework. A case study of traditional industry is shown in the implementation of IT governance. Case X-Company has some pros and cons in the implementation of IT governance.


In this paper, study is made on the spatio-temporal variation of the seismic gaps associated with 15 major earthquakes (M>7.0, depth<80km) in and near Japan. As a result, we classify the occurrence of major earthquakes into the following three types according to the process of the formation of quiescence in both time and space. (I) Trench type; Smaller gaps, whose radii are about tens of kilometers, appear around the epicenters of major earthquakes before the occurrences of main shocks and the final radii expand to some hundreds of kilometers around the epicenters. A expanding of quiescence seems to appear after the occurrence of the main shock in both time and space around the epicenter of the main shock. (II) Hyuganada type; Earthquakes occur at random in both time and space before and after the main shock. Seismic gaps cannot be found. (III) Inland and Japan Sea type; Seismicity around the large event is always quite so low that quiescence looks like to exist always before and after the main shock. For the case of Trench type, we found that the seismic gaps rapidly expand to the larger area than the epicentral area just before the main shock. No systematic relationship is found between the precursory time of the rapid expansion of the seismic gaps and the magnitude of the main shock, however, the following relationship is found between the maximum radius of the quiescence and the magnitude of the main shock. logR=0.33M-0.77 (M>7.0; R[km]).


AIM:To investigate the expression and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase in adult odontobast.METHODS:The expression of MMP-2,-9 and-8 in odontoblast and the effect of TGF-β1 on its secretion were measured using enzymography,Western blot and immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS:With enzymography and Western blot,MMP-2,-9 and-8 expressed in odontoblast,and MMP-2 and-8 were upregulated and MMP-9 was downregulated by TGF-β1.Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that MMP-8 expressed in odontoblast layer.CONCLUSION:The adult odontoblast is one of the source of MMP-2,-9 and-8,and TGF-β1 may regalate their expression.


Plate tectonic activity has played a critical role in the development of petrotectonic associations in the Kadiri schist belt. The calc alkaline association of basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite (BADR) is the signature volcanic rock suite of the convergent margin. The N‐S belt has gone below the unconformity plane of Cuddapah sediments. In the northern part geochemical and structural attributes of the Kadiri greenstone belt is studied along with microscopic observations of selected samples. Harker diagram plots of major elements generally indicate a liquid line of descent from a common source, such that BADR rocks are derived from a common parent magma of basaltic to andesitic composition. These calc‐alkaline volcanic rocks are formed at convergent margins where more silicic rocks represent more highly fractionated melt. All the litho‐units of this greenstone belt indicate crush and strain effects. The stretched pebbles in the deformed volcanic matrix with tectonite development along with associated greenschist facies metamorphism, alteration and hydration is remarkable. Flow foliation plane with N‐S strike and very low angle (5° to 10°) easterly dip and N‐S axial planar schistosity formed due to later phase isoclinal folding can be clearly identified in the field. Basic intrusives are quite common in the surrounding area. All the observations including the field setting and geochemistry clearly demonstrate ocean‐continent subduction as the tectonic environment of the study area.


Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) increase costs and death among hospitalized patients and thus are considered measures of healthcare quality. Expansions in pay-for-performance systems and public reporting of HAIs, as well as disallowments by Medicare of incremental payments for preventable complications of hospitalization, have intensified focus on HAIs. Quantifying HAIs is often accomplished using administrative data based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Although easy and inexpensive to access, ICD-9-CM codes misclassify HAIs, compared with classification by standard infection surveillance methods or case definitions, and a lack of clinical evidence to support the diagnosis of infection is a common reason for this discordance.


The status reversal ritual that American religious historiography has undergone in the last two decades has done much to "mainstream" previously taboo topics within the field. Many religious groups once dismissed as odd and insignificant "cults" are now seen as "new religious movements" worthy of serious scrutiny. One subject that has benefited from this reversal of fortunes is theosophy. Thanks to the work of scholars such as Robert Ellwood and Carl Jackson, theosophists are now part of the story of American religion. Exactly what part they are to play in that story remains, however, unclear.


Diode clamped multi-level inverter has wide application prospect in high-performance medium or high voltage adjustable speed drive systems due to its low stress switch devices,low harmonic output and its simple structure.In this paper,a vector control system of an asynchronous machine using neutral-point-clamped(NPC) inverter is proposed.In the system,the indirect rotor-flux-oriented control of an asynchronous machine supplied by a voltage-source inverter with fast current control is employed,the magnitude and space angle of the rotor flux-linkage is obtained by flux model.A fast space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM) algorithm based on 60 coordinate is used for the control of a three-level inverter,which can easily get the desired vectors and calculate their dwelling time.Aimed to the capacitor voltage unbalance resulted by active power output in the motor operation,the control of neutral-point potential is implemented by adjusting the dwelling time of the redundant vector by detecting the capacitor voltage and the neutral line current.Simulation Results verify the good performance of the three-level inverter-fed drive with vector control.


Chapter 1 of this slender volume traces, among other things, the genesis and evolution of the HTML <img> element, starting with an initial Usenet post by Marc Andreesen back in 1993. For those who don't know, Marc Andreesen was the University of Illinois programmer who cowrote, with Eric Bina, the world's first popular graphical Web browser, Mosaic. For a time, back in the early-mid nineties, he was the poster boy for all things Web. This first chapter traces his initial suggestion for an <img> element, its reception by the Usenet group, the group's competing suggestions, its ultimate inclusion in Mosiac, and then a nice historical overview of the development of HTML and XHTML standards, all as context for the recent advent of HTML5 and a prelude to the rest of the book. As someone who appreciates that most things we take for granted in our workaday worlds – tools, technologies, techniques, policies – do not fall in final form out of the sky, but instead have idiosyncratic histories and individual evolutions, I found Pilgrim's narrative of the evolution of a single HTML tag instructive, illuminating, even fascinating in its drama. Here is one small, microcosmic example of how all that we are familiar with in the Web world came into being. Interesting stuff.


ASME-BPVC-Ⅷ,Division 2,2007 Edition and TSG R0004—2009 "Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel" have made adjustment on safety factor of analysis design for pressure vessel.Firstly,the influence of safety factor's adjustment on design stress intensity value was studied in the present paper;secondly,the limit analysis and linear elastic stress analysis were conducted on the cylinder with different outer-inner diameter ratio under internal pressure,the allowable load of limit analysis \ and the allowable load of linear elastic stress analysis P were obtained.The validity of safety factor adjustment was confirmed by analyzing its impact on P/ \ value.


Abstract In a previous article we have shown that Kuhn's theory of concepts is independently supported by recent research in cognitive psychology. In this paper we propose a cognitive re‐reading of Kuhn's cyclical model of scientific revolutions: all of the important features of the model may now be seen as consequences of a more fundamental account of the nature of concepts and their dynamics. We begin by examining incommensurability, the central theme of Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions, according to two different cognitive models of concept representation. We provide new support for Kuhn 's mature views that incommensurability can be caused by changes in only a few concepts, that even incommensurable conceptual systems can be rationally compared, and that scientific change of the most radical sort—the type labeled revolutionary in earlier studies—does not have to occur holistically and abruptly, but can be achieved by a historically more plausible accumulation of smaller changes. We go on to sug...


We treat the problem of reconstructing a signal from its non-ideal samples where the sampling and reconstruction spaces as well as the class of input signals can be arbitrary subspaces of a Hilbert space. If the signal is known to lie in an appropriately chosen subspace, then we propose a method that achieves the minimal squared-error approximation. In the general case, we show that the minimal-error reconstruction cannot usually be obtained. Instead, we suggest minimizing the worst-case squared-error between the reconstructed signal, and the best possible (but usually unattainable) approximation of the signal, over all signals that yield the given samples. Interestingly, the optimal method turns out to be linear, and coincides with a recently proposed suboptimal approach for this problem.


Crystal structure and magnetic properties of a heterodinuclear complex, LCu(Me2CO)Ce(NO3)O3 (L = (N,N'-propylene-bis(3-methoxysalicylideneimine)) are reported. (C19H22N2O4)Cu(C3H6O) Ce(NO3)3, monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 9.8295(4), b = 19.049(3), c = 15.668(3) Å , β = 94.873(12)◦, V = 2923.2(7) Å3, Z = 4. The central region of the complex is occupied by CuII and CeIII ions which are bridged by two phenolato oxygen atoms of the ligand. The copper ion adopts a square-based 4+1 coordination made, the equatorial N2O2 donors being afforded by the ligand while the axial position is occupied by an oxygen atom of the acetone molecule. The CeIII ion is deca-coordinated. In addition to the two phenolate oxygen atoms, the coordination sphere contains two oxygen atoms of the OMe side arms of L and six oxygen atoms from the three bidentate nitrate ions. The Ce···Cu separation is 3.601(2) Å and the dihedral angle between the CeO(2)Cu and CeO(3)Cu planes is 17.4(1)°. The magnetic susceptibility of the complex was measured over the range 5 - 350 K. The magnetic properties of the investigated compound are dominated by the crystal field effect on the CeIII site, masking the magnetic interaction between the paramagnetic centers.


The goal of this thesis is to explore, improve and implement some advanced modern computational methods in statistics, focusing on applications in genetics. The thesis has three major directions.Fi ...


Starting from the fundamental principle of thermodynamics,the authors made detailed studies on the inner energy and temperature change of solid,liquid and gas matter in magma with the lowering of inner pressure during magma rising,and pointed out that thermal expansion of gas is a new factor for temperature going up,when there exists gas in magma primarily Based on the discussion of the influence of heat evolution of oxidization,heat of diffusion,and heat of phase change with magma temperature in the rising course,the authors concluded that the factors which affect the temperature changes of magma are only the heat of diffusion and phase change when magma rises from the deep crust,and both of them pormote the magma to lower its temperature While magma rises at the shallow position of the crust or near the surface of earth,the influence of gas heat expansion and oxidization heat evolution with temperature may get more and more strong,thus they promote the temperature to go up But when the influence esceeds the heat of diffusion and phase change,the temperature of magma may go up during magma rising The auther called it the abnormal temperature rise,and it most porbably appears in the acid magma eruption At the same time,the auther regarded the abnormal temperature rise as a main facter for the corrosion of the crystallized minerals in magma


The present invention discloses a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) / carbon black (CB) preparation, which is characterized by: (a) 100 parts of a high density polyethylene, 35-65 parts carbon black, polycaprolactam 25-55 parts, 0-45 parts of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 0.2 to 0.8 parts of antioxidant was added compound open mill mixing, kneading temperature of 225-245 deg.] C, the kneading time is 10-15min, to obtain a high-density polyethylene / carbon black composite; (b) the above compound was treated with a mixture of the vulcanizing press into 2mm thick compression molded sheet molding temperature of 230-240 deg.] C, the molding pressure was 10-15mpa, the obtained copper electrode sheet when pressed into the surface of the sheet was heated to 220 ℃. The composite material can be manufactured as designed for overcurrent protection element, since the temperature control aspect of the tracer.


UDC 325.2 TAMBOVSHCHINA ON PAGES OF "REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA" Lev Grigoryevich PROTASOV, Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russian Federation, Doctor of History, Professor, Professor of Russian History Department, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Russian emigrants focused their attention on Tambov Region events of 1920–1921 and the future of the Bolshevik so-cial experiment was viewed through them. The leaders and activists of "Russian Beyond" were planning on their future re-turn home. The Socialist-Revolutionary periodical "Revolutionary Russia" acted as a channel of current information from Soviet Russia.


Four novel triazole compounds containing thioamide group were designed and synthesized by using triazole, phenyl isothiocyanate and aryl ethyl ketone as raw material. Their structures were conformed by elemental analysis, H-1 NMR, IR and MS spectra. The crystal structure of 1-[1-anilinothiocarbonyl-1-(4-fluorobenzoyl)methyl]-1,2,4-trizole has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The preliminary bioassays have shown that the title compounds exhibit certain antifungal activity.


Breast cancer (BC) progression is an estrogen receptor (ER) signaling- and angiogenesis-dependent process. This study investigated relationships between classical prognostic factors and biomarkers ER, PR, VEGF, and bFGF in node-negative BC patients. Positive correlation between ER and both PR (p < 0.001) or FGF (p = 0.04) levels indicates ER-regulated expression of these factors and a potential synergistic effect of ER and bFGF in tumor progression. Aside from correlation of age with ER and bFGF levels (p = 0.003; p = 0.05; respectively), no correlation of biomarkers with classical prognostic parameters was found, indicating that those biomarkers could be independent prognostic factors.


AIM: To verify whether P-glycoprotein (P-gp) could induce cell resistance to apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-8 and caspase-3.METHODS: Human KB cells, either drug-sensitive or with multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype caused by overexpression of P-gp (KBv200 cells), were treated with anti-Fas (CH-11 monoclonal antibody) to induce apoptosis.Cytotoxicity was detected by MTT assay. Symptoms of cell death were assessed by morphological observation after Hoechst33258 staining, activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 was measured by Western blotting.RESULTS: Compared with KB cells, the resistance of KBv200 cells to VCR (vincristine) was about 51-fold higher.Anti-Fas (CH-11) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in both sensitive KB cells and MDR phenotype KBv200cells. The IC50 of CH-11 in KB cells was similar to that in KBv200 cells. CH-11 induced similar apoptotic rates in both KB cells and KBv200 cells, which could be classified as caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. Verapamil (VRP) did not affect CH-11-mediated apoptosis in KBv200 cells.CONCLUSION: Expression of P-glycoprotein does not induce resistance to caspase-8 and -3 activation or antiFas-induced cell apoptosis.