: Phase II work will integrate the individual diagnostics selected in Phase I into a compact man-portable system designed for the near and short-wave infrared bands of 600-1700-nm, with a 3-5-m band system developed in the option. In addition, the single shot phase characterization technique will be realized in an extremely compact geometry, which will be insensitive to both alignment and beam profile, simultaneously providing detailed temporal and phase profiles. Advanced data reduction algorithms and system architectures will be implemented and a single graphical user interface (GUI) will display user selectable, processed, laser parameters including live tracking of statistical variations in figures-of-merit. Abstract: Figure Engineering will develop a Collective Protection System (CPS) Variable Speed Drive (VSD) Expansion technology that will modernize the U.S. Department of Navy's (DoN) shipboard CPS, which is responsible for protecting the crew from chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) threats. CPS VSD Expansion will provide accurate and current data from sensors and provide additional sensor information as necessary to facilitate higher situational awareness and preventative maintenance. This will lead to approximately 60% reduction in CPS energy consumption and prolong component life, therefore reducing lifecycle cost for the Navy and improving fleet readiness. Abstract: Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) and Professor Eric. G. Johnson (Clemson University) will develop an integrated optical transceiver for underwater communication using orbital angular momentum (OAM) on a silicon-nitride photonics platform. A high-bandwidth underwater optical link is a critical need for underwater communications. An ideal underwater communications link should be compact and robust, capable of high bandwidths with low error-rates and crosstalk to establish a secure link over long distances. This effort will focus on developing an OAM transceiver head that can be incorporated into a optical communication link for multiplexing OAM states and transmitting them over distances >150 m. Abstract: Vision Engineering Solutions (Vision) proposes to deliver two Optical Ground Stations (OGS) to NIWC, as part of this Direct to Phase II SBIR program to support laser communication. One OGS will be part of a fixed site, and the other will be a transportable design. Both systems will be capable of day and night operations, communicating with satellites across Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Geostationary Orbit (GEO), and compensating for atmospheric turbulence. The top-level components of each OGS are the Pointing and Tracking System and the Optical Platform. These components will be controlled from a common rack mount computer system, designated the Sensor Control Computer. Visions development approach takes into account technical, schedule, and cost risks. Abstract: AVNIK Defense Solutions, Inc. is leading this NAVAIR SBIR project to develop new automated methods for managing fatigue life of aircraft components, considering the actual usage and historical field experience, to reduce maintenance, reduce cost, and improve fleet readiness. Our innovative concept is a software automated analysis toolset system (SAATS) that consists of a resilient intelligent network incorporating cooperative intelligent agents to autonomously acquire usage and maintenance data from original data sources and manage statistical analysis of the data to support maintenance and operations planning. We apply recent technological advances in data analytics to discriminate between useful information and inconsistencies in the acquired data. Abstract: Aircraft routinely encounter turbulence and pilots must respond appropriately to turbulence to maintain safe aircraft operation within the prescribed operating limits, and to effectively accomplish missions. Operators of unmanned aircraft cannot rely on the physical sensations that onboard pilots do to assess turbulence levels, and automated systems are needed onboard the aircraft to identify the turbulence level. Phase I successfully produced a proof-of-concept Turbulence Recognition and Decision Support System for UAS. Phase II will continue development of this system, including development of a real-time implementation. Phase II experiments will combine flight tests and ground-based atmospheric measurements to validate the approach. Abstract: The first goal is to develop and validate GPU-based static and moving versions of Cascade's large eddy simulation (LES) software CharLES that would fully leverage existing (and future) GPU-accelerated systems accessible by NAVAIR and other DoD agencies. For the current project, the targeted capabilities are high-speed flows with shocks and wall modeling on both static and moving solvers. The application of interest is open rotors and realistic rotorcraft configurations. These choices were made to address key applications of interest to NAVAIR. The second goal is to develop modeling capabilities in the GPU-based solvers targeted towards efficient predictions of aerodynamics in realistic open rotors. In particular, the focus will be on actuator disk modeling to speed up simulation (when possible) and wall model closure with rotational effects to better capture the flow physics near rotor blades. Abstract: ATA Engineering has developed a wavelet-based damage squeezing methodology for generating optimally compressed fatigue test signals that produce an equivalent amount of fatigue damage in a predictably reduced amount of time compared to the baseline (uncompressed) signals. Fatigue-critical signal characteristics (e.g., magnitude, phase, frequency, and sequencing relationships) are identified in the time-scale domain and preserved during signal compression such that the resulting signals produce characteristic responses and failure modes during test. Abstract: The first goal is to develop and validate GPU-based static and moving versions of Cascade's large eddy simulation (LES) software CharLES that would fully leverage existing (and future) GPU-accelerated systems accessible by NAVAIR and other DoD agencies. For the current project, the targeted capabilities are high-speed flows with shocks and wall modeling on both static and moving solvers. The application of interest is open rotors and realistic rotorcraft configurations. These choices were made to address key applications of interest to NAVAIR. The second goal is to develop modeling capabilities in the GPU-based solvers targeted towards efficient predictions of aerodynamics in realistic open rotors. In particular, the focus will be on actuator disk modeling to speed up simulation (when possible) and wall model closure with rotational effects to better capture the flow physics near rotor blades. Abstract: The team of CFDRC and Stanford University propose to develop physics-based computationally efficient models for multiphase combustion. The models will incorporate most of the key physics of spray atomization that controls the combustion phenomena post injection. In Phase I, a mixture-fraction based combustion model was demonstrated for Navy-relevant aviation fuels. In Phase II the spray combustion models will be advanced to include other key physical processes such as interaction with turbulence, preferential evaporation, and the coupling with other CFD codes. At the end of Phase II a well-validated multiphase combustion model will be available to the Navy and its contractors. Abstract: We propose to design, build and test a PMDC based electric starter for the T56 gas turbine engine. Phase I results suggest that with new magnet and power electronic technology and our innovative formed winding, the motor and controller will fit in the space allocated for the current ATS and a lithium battery power pack will sit in the fuselage. Abstract: CRG is developing an advanced Electrical Load Management System (ELMS) for V-22 aircraft to more fully utilize the existing aircraft electric power source capacity. CRG's solution utilizes solid state power controllers (SSPCs) which provides improvements to power distribution, load control, fault recognition/isolation, and protection and automation. Abstract: The DF&NN team proposes to further develop the AIMS prototype developed and tested under Phase I to perform predictive maintenance on Naval aircraft. Technical efforts will include improved machine learning performance, all-data source input from Navy sources, customized Navy maintenance personnel user interface and additional trust scoring of predictions. We plan to apply the AIMS Deep Multi-Start Residual Training (D-MSRT) NNs, Smoking Gun, and maintenance condition categorization D-MSRT NNs capabilities for as many aviation systems as available. We will train D-MSRT abnormality detection NNs to learn the labeled repair conditions that were used for each categorization NN to provide a categorization NN result trust score to the user. Abstract: The purpose of this program is to develop and demonstrate rapid, distributed, on-demand, small-scaled, domestic manufacturing of unmanned systems capable of supporting multiple payloads depending on the situation. The proposed system should be capable of meeting multiple focus areas including (1) Agile manufacturing Unmanned Systems (UxS) products, (2) Control systems for unmanned platforms, and, (3) Notional payload concepts based on using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) technologies. Hydronalix will manufacture and demonstrate UxS for various applications. We will demonstrate these prototype systems with Navy Fleet operators for preliminary evaluation. Abstract: The heat exchanger in the Nacelle of the V-22 Osprey cools gearbox oils and hydraulic oil. In operation, the current heat exchanger becomes clogged with sand and dust and the engine overheats. Also, the current unit is very difficult to clean. A micro tube heat exchanger with large air passages offers the potential to alleviate this probl


The metabolism of the palmotoxins is yet unknown. Our preliminary report (1973) shows that they are probably metabolized in vitro in a similar manner to the aflatoxins. This involves demethylation and a possible hydroxylation.

The rate of demethylation of 50 nmol toxin attains a maximum in about 75 min. Optimum pH was between 7.5 and 7.6 using 0.3 M phosphate buffer, In comparison with aflatoxin B1, palmotoxins B0 and G0 were found to be demethylated and hydroxylated at a slower rate. Two fluorescent metabolites were identified for palmotoxin B0 on thin-layer chromatography and only one for palmotoxin G0. Fluorescence spectra of the isolates from the toxins showed excitation and fluorescence maxima similar to those of the parent compounds. Ultraviolet spectra of the isolates showed a shift to higher wavelength when compared with the parent compound. Glucuronide conjugates were identified with both the palmotoxins and aflatoxin B1. Phenobarbitone was found to induce the palmotoxins B0 and G0 as well as the aflatoxin-B1-metabolizing enzymes. The activity of these enzymes were inhibited by carbon monoxide aeration.


The antitrust control of discounts and selective pricing by dominant firms is commanding a lot of attention in Europe and elsewhere at the moment. On both sides of the Atlantic there has been high-profile enforcement activity. Two cases decided in 2003—Michelin v Commission and British Airways v Commission—are among the most prominent and controversial in the EU. Separately in the US private actions in particular have challenged the discounting practices of dominant companies, notably in Virgin v British Airways1 and 3M v LePage's.2 Action by the Canadian Commissioner of Competition in Canada Pipe3 provides yet another example of recent intervention. The high level of enforcement activity has exposed fundamental differences in analytical approach between Europe, on the one hand, and North America, on the other. In the EU, Michelin II and Virgin/British Airways involved loyalty-inducing schemes which were deemed by the European Commission and the Court of First Instance (CFI) to have an exclusionary structure and were prohibited per se. They are symptomatic of a broader trend in the application of EC law to unilateral conduct, which has long been insufficiently based on economic analysis. In contrast, the authorities and courts in the US and Canada have generally adopted a less interventionist approach towards rebates and discounts, preferring to focus on whether anti-competitive effects are realistic or not. July 2006 European Competition Journal 101


Three seeding density treatments,D14,D16 and D18,was realized by adjusting the stalls of precision hill-drop drilling machine(Type: 2BD-10) to examine the law of photosynthesis and yield formation of rice population with different planting density.The results showed that the yield of D16 was 10 345 kg/hm2,4.7% and 13.9% higher than that of D14 and D18,respectively.EPMSS(percentage of the export matter in stem-sheath) and TPMSS(percentage of the transformation matter in stem-sheath) of D14 and D16 were 30.1%,33.2% and 65.9%,53.4% lower than that of D18,respectively.Before heading stage,D18 was higher in chlorophyll SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate than D14 and D16;but leaf area index(LAI) and effective panicles was significantly lower than D14 and D16.From the booting stage to harvest stage,LAI of D14 was kept above 7.0;transmittance of rice population was poor.Compared to D14 and D18,the rice dry direct seeding density of D16 could help rice population to obtain enough effective panicles,increase photosynthetic material accumulation and higher yield.


Awake, fiberoptic intubation is a valuable approach to the difficult airway in the ED, but topical anesthesia can be difficult to achieve. Researchers


Four new cyclohexadepsipeptides, enniatins L (1), M1 (2), M2 (3), and N (4), have been isolated from an unidentified fungus (BCC 2629), together with the known enniatins B (5), H (6), and I (7), MK1688 (8), and enniatin B4 (9). Compounds 1–4 are the first enniatin analogs with an OH group at the side chain of one of the 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid residues. The structures of 1–4 were elucidated by spectroscopic means and by X-ray crystallography.


By using some new analytical techniques, modified inequalities and Mawhin's continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, some sufficient conditions for the existence of at least one positive almost periodic solution of a kind of two-species model of facultative mutualism with time delays are obtained. Further, the global asymptotic stability of the positive almost periodic solution of this model is also considered. Some examples and numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the main results of this paper. Finally, a conclusion is also given to discuss how the parameters of the system influence the existence and globally asymptotic stability of positive almost periodic oscillations. c ©2016 All rights reserved.


Recently, dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) have been studied and found to be efficient radiator for wideband applications. The DRA has many advantages over microstrip antennas such as wideband, small size and high radiation efficiency. The stacked dielectric resonator is considered as an example of wide band DRA. A small linear array is considered to show that the mutual coupling has no significant effect beyond the neighboring four elements. Also, a single fed hexagonal DRA is considered for circular polarization.


High rates of adherence are essential for optimal outcomes with antiretroviral therapeutic strategies. Complete adherence may offer the greatest advantage toward realizing the full potency of any regimen. Diminished rates of adherence may likely lead to inadequate suppression of viral replication and the emergence of clinical resistance. Numerous factors limit adherence to protease inhibitor (PI) therapy, including tolerability, convenience, and access to care. Poor tolerability profiles of older PIs may lead to suboptimal adherence, contributing to poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL), a greater likelihood of resistance, and inadequate virologic outcomes. Dosing characteristics of Pls have evolved toward greater simplicity and convenience. Patients' perspectives on adherence factors may be quite variable, however; some prefer low pill burden and convenience and others prefer potency and durability. Since different patients place value on different adherence factors, antiretroviral therapy (ART) needs to be individualized on a patient-by-patient basis. Just as better adherence can lead to improved therapeutic outcomes, so too can improved health-related quality of life be expected from more convenient and tolerable PI-based regimens. Conversely, the more successful therapeutic strategies become-as measured by decreasing HIV-related morbidity and mortality-the longer patients will need to maintain high levels of adherence to ART. New PIs may offer improved overall clinical expectations of efficacy, based on potential contributions to good adherence: lower pill burden, improved lipid profiles, less frequent and more flexible dosing (unboosted and boosted options), few or no food restrictions, and fewer short-term side effects (e.g., gastrointestinal) may all contribute to enhanced HRQOL for those requiring lifelong therapy for HIV infection and AIDS.


This research examines the degree of employees' identification with the work‐group as a function of charismatic leadership (e.g., Conger & Kanungo, 1998) and the mediating role of work‐group identification (Van Knippenberg & Van Shie, 2000) in the relationship between charismatic style and different work outcomes. Thus, the general aim was to analyse leadership and work outcomes as they are associated to social identification processes, referring both to recent developments of charismatic leadership models and to the recent developments of the social identity analysis applied to the workplace (see Abrams & Hogg, 2001). Two field surveys were conducted using 200 Italian public and private sector employees (two different working organizations). Two questionnaires were designed in order to collect data. They included different measures of charismatic leadership derived by the literature (e.g., the Conger‐Kanungo Charismatic Leadership Questionnaire; Conger & Kanungo, 1994, 1998, for Study 2), a scale to asse...


Method: 849 unique patients from January 2006 to December 2008 (mean age 66 ± 13 yrs, M: F ratio 2:1) in which TEE was performed for pre-DCC screening, were analyzed. Left atrial/ left atrial appendage (LA/LAA) thrombogenic milieu [Spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), sludge and thrombus] was investigated. The results were correlated with the CHA2DS2-VASc (Congestive Heart failure, Hypertension, Age≥75 [2 points], Diabetes, Stroke/TIA [2 points], Vascular disease, Age 65-74, Sex category/Female gender) score findings.


The Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) on the Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) is a multi-band optical imaging radiometer in the wavelength range from near-UV to thermal infrared. SGLI will provide high accuracy measurements of Ocean, Atmosphere, Land and Cryosphere. SGLI consists of two radiometers, the Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer (VNR) and the Infrared Scanning Radiometer (IRS). This paper describes VNR Engineering Model (EM) and Proto Flight Model (PFM) optical test results. Especially we achieved measurement accuracy of ±4% for polarization rate and that of ±1.3deg for polarization direction that enables objective accuracy of aerosol observation.


In this paper, we present the analysis of the characteristics of advanced mobile communication base station with multi-band about power loss, power efficiency and carbon reduction considering cable power loss. The advanced mobile base station system is installed on the outdoor for Antenna and RF part, and then the power loss is reduced because the fiber optic cable is used between RF part and baseband part. If the cable power loss is reduced by 5 dB replacing an entire the advanced base station systems, annual power consumption is reduced total 49,038 MWh in the CDMA 20W, WCDMA 30W, WiBro 10W systems. Furthermore the advanced base station system of annual CO2 emission is 20,832 tCO2 compare to 65,878 tCO2. Therefore the advanced base system is confirmed considering green IT technology for the advanced mobile communication base station.


This chapter discusses how mobile technology can contribute to the quality of life of children with autism across their school years and through the transition to adulthood. Mobile technology has the potential to support students not just at school, but also across all environments in and throughout their lives. There are a number of educational practices and strategies that have been identified as having a strong evidence base to effectively support students with autism. The theoretical framework underpinning this chapter is the Universal Design for Learning (UDL), which prescribes that these practices be integrated into instruction from the outset to ensure equal access and participation of all students in the classroom. Case studies of students on the autism spectrum with diverse needs and during different stages of their lives (from the school years to the transition to adulthood) are used to demonstrate the benefits of incorporating mobile technology into evidence-based educational practices for people with autism.


. Recent advances in detector technology, combined with continuous 2D Piezo scanning, are posing a significant challenge on data analysis. With the EigerX 4M detector by Dectris, for example, four million single-photon counting pixels can be read out at 750 Hz frame rate. Although compressed, this yields a data stream of roughly 100 MB per second. For analysis, data need to be uncompressed, yielding a data rate of more than 6 GB per second. To deal with the data obtained at such high rates in scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) measurements, we have developed a dedicated STXM analysis cluster, the "Heinzelmännchen system". With a special software, 24 computing nodes can process up to 3 500 EigerX frames per second, i.e. about four times as fast as the data is acquired. This allows for new algorithms to be developed, when datasets need to be processed multiple times in iterative schemes.


The aim of this paper is to propose a far-reaching extension of the phraseological component of a valence dictionary for Polish. The dictionary is the basis of two dierent parsers of Polish; its format has been designed so as to maximise the readability of the information it contains and its re-applicability. We believe that the extension proposed here follows this approach and, hence, may be an inspiration in the design of valence dictionaries for other languages.


The utility model relates to a waste fiber random web laying machine which changes the structure of the existing single dust cage random web laying machine into a double-dust cage structure with an upper dust cage and a lower dust cage. The upper and the lower dust cages are cylinders with micropores. The apparent porosity of the upper dust cage is 40%, and the apparent porosity of the lower dust cage is 60%. One end of each dust cage is sealed, and the other end is connected with an air duct of a blower. The distance from the surfaces of the upper and the lower dust cages to the surface of a carding cylinder can be selected between 120 mm to 160 mm. All of an upper feeding curtain, a lower feeding curtain, the upper dust cage, the lower dust cage, a cylinder, an output curtain, the blower and a motor are fixed on a machine frame. The utility model cancels a secondary air mouth, shortens fiber convey wind channels, and adopts the double-dust cage structure with the upper and the lower dust cages. The production quality is obviously enhanced, and the pull rate of waste fiber nonwoven production reaches 90 to 92%.


A generalised asymmetrical tapered sinusoidal coupling coefficient theory is presented. Using the first order approximation equations, the new theory exhibits good electrical coupling performance with reasonable coupler size.


Boston - Data indicate that UV light is increasing the incidence of melanoma development by specifically targeting the Rb pathway. The study is among the first to verify the link between UV exposure and melanoma risk in experimental models.


The need for a comprehensive psychosocial support framework for patients living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was recognised by a multidisciplinary team working in a tertiary referral teaching hospital. The team developed a three-tiered structure of psychosocial support for patients with IBD: a half-day IBD workshop for patients and their families, 6-week Chronic Disease Self-Management Programme (CDSMP), and bimonthly IBD patient support group. Following overwhelmingly positive feedback from the half-day workshop, with patients requesting a more in-depth programme, the CDSMP was offered to participants because it is an internationally recognised model of psychosocial intervention for chronic disease. A pilot study of the CDSMP for IBD patients was undertaken with a waitlist control group. CDSMP participants had reduced levels of anxiety and improved levels of health-related quality of life variables at follow-up when compared to the waitlist controls. A bimonthly patient-led support group develop...


A STUDY ON THE AWARENESS OF MENOPAUSAL WOMEN ABOUT SYMPTOMS OF MENOPAUSE, ITS COMPLICATIONS AND HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN ALSAHAFA BLOCK 40


A cDNA corresponding to the β‐subunit of the human fibronectin receptor (β‐FNR) was used as a probe in Southern blot analysis of mouse/human somatic cell hybrid DNAs and in in situ hybridization to metaphase chrmosomes. The β‐FNR cDNA detects sequences prosent on parent of the somatic cell hybrids. In situ hybridization refined the localization of human sequences reacting with the β‐FNR cDNA to 10p11.2. The A‐1A5 monoclonal antibody which recognizes the beta‐subunit of the fibronectin receptor on the cell surface was used to confirm that the sequences present on chromosome 10 correspond to those required for expression of β‐FNR.


Luby Transform (LT) codes are powerful packet erasure codes with low encoding and decoding complexity. We provide a simple method to improve the bit error rate performance of LT codes. Moreover, we exploit our method to design a new approach for unequal error protection with LT codes. We used simulations to compare our approach with a state of the art unequal error protection technique when the information symbols are partitioned into two protection levels (most important bits and least important bits). Our approach yielded lower bit error rates for the two protection levels and lower encoding complexity at the cost of moderately higher decoding complexity.


THE PROBLEM of evaluating power loss is an ever-present one in any field of electrical engineering. In many instances, the current distribution in conducting materials can be evaluated and the corresponding loss determined. In those remaining instances, the physical geometry and field configurations are such that exact analysis is not possible. Loss evaluations for those cases must be based on experience expressed empirically or analytical work modified to agree with experimental data.


The radial distribution of globular clusters in our Galaxy, M 31 and M 87 is studied and compared with that of halo stars. The globular cluster distributions seem signicantly flatter than those of the parent-galaxy stellar bulge. Assuming this is a consequence of an evolution of the globular cluster dis- tribution in these galaxies, a comparison with the (unevolved) stellar distribution allows us to obtain estimates of the number and total mass of clusters lost. It results that the cluster systems in our Galaxy and in M 31 have been initially about one third richer than now, and twice as abundant in M 87. The estimated mass in form of globular clusters lost is compatible with the nucleus masses of these galaxies. enough to have allowed the mother galaxy to contract enough to form halo stars in a distribution as more concentrated than globulars as observed. Note that in disk galaxies the epoch of cluster formation could be early enough to force chemical en- richment but not to take on a distinct spatial structure (Harris 1986). Moreover, this picture does not explain why the tails of thetwodensitydistributionsareaboutthesame.Probably,asim- pler explanation, working in the majority of cases, is the coeval birth of globular clusters and halo stars, with a further evolu- tion of the GCS radial distribution while the collisionless halo stands almost unchanged. The causes of evolution are dynami- cal friction and tidal interaction with a compact nucleus; these phenomenacanacttodepletetheGCSinthedenserinnergalac- tic regions and therefore to modify the initial radial distribution just in the central region leaving unchanged the outer prole, which remains similar to that of the halo component (Aguilar, Hut & Ostriker 1988, Capuzzo-Dolcetta & Tesseri 1997). If this is true, the halo radial prole clearly represents the shape of the initial cluster distribution. In Sect. 2 we discuss briefly the causes of the evolution of GCS distribution in galaxies and some problems related to their observational detection. In Sect. 3 we show our method to deduce the initial GC radial distribution, while in Sect. 4 and 5 we present and discuss the results.


Topics and titles of the quinquennial World Congresses of the International Association for the History of Religions (IAHR) are as much inspirations as compromises. In order to enlist the interests of a national association and the local organizers, to win the approval of the Executive Committee for the nomination, and to elicit a sufficient number of speakers, proposals and participants, the theme has to take into account vested interests and ongoing research, national and regional agendas and international concerns, existing strengths and current debates. At the same time, World Congresses have to prove that they are more than just a market for young talents and a mirror image of research as it is being pursued in the hundreds of institutions of IAHR members worldwide – which would already be a worthy aim to promote! Despite their usual breadth – intended to enable as many researchers as possible to be part of the intense debates and encounters concentrated within one week – previous conference themes have highlighted crucial issues, focused on particular objects and methods in research and provoked new research. The self-reflection of the discipline as a whole, made up of quite different traditions of research and subjected to widely different regional political and cultural influences, but nevertheless striving for a recognizable identity, has been enormously promoted by these debates.1 The theme of the XXI IAHR Congress "Dynamics of Religion: Past and Present", must be situated within different discursive and institutional contexts and related to recent developments. In what follows, we would like to outline our theme as an invitation to participate, to intervene, and to promote debates. Being a compromise in the sense described above, this is not so much an acknowledgment of specific schools of thought or declaration of theoretical allegiances, but a mapping of a field, a field divided into four plots of arable ground.


In its simplest form, civility is about how we treat each other. In high‐pressure, ultra‐dynamic workplaces, such as medical and veterinary healthcare, behaviours such as incivility can become commonplace. This article outlines the impact of incivility on colleagues, clients and patients, and explains how people may respond to this type of behaviour. It also discusses how best to address incivility in practice and offers tips on creating a supportive environment.


Being a pioneer and founder of the cause of new China's environmental protection, Zhou En lai advocated water irrigation and conservancy, soil conservation and afforestation for the sake of environmental protection, ecological balance and people's well-being. The profound implications in his idea bear strategic, political and popular characteristics which are of great guiding significance to the implementation of the sustainable development strategy.


atopic dermatitis (AD) patients are commonly sensitized to house dust mite (HDM). The current consensus-based European guideline underlines the impact of allergens inducing AD flares and the importance of allergen reduction in AD patients1,2 . With regard to preventive measures in patients with AD, the use of mattress encasings aiming to reduce skin contacts to mite allergens in bed may be considered in HDM-sensitized patients.


Much evidence supports the use of reflective practice for personal development, yet it is not commonly used as a learning tool in students. More typically, reflective writing is assessed as a stand-alone piece of work. The objective is then simply a grade. The proposed project would actively promote the use reflections to improve performance by means of using technology to record, store and retrieve them. These individual reflections will populate a database so that ultimately, with permission, each individual's reflections can be accessed by others via the database. Thus these reflections will become a learning tool for students. Using technology facilitates classification and retrieval and reduces the problems associated with human memory.


The discrete ordinates method is a popular and versatile technique for solving the radiative transport equation, a major drawback of which is the presence of ray effects. Mitigation of ray effects can yield significantly more accurate results and enhanced numerical stability for combined mode codes. Moreover, when ray effects are present, the solution is seen to be highly dependent upon the relative orientation of the geometry and the global reference frame. It is an undesirable property. A novel ray effect mitigation technique of averaging the computed solution for various reference frame orientations is proposed.


Protein structure and functions that are associated with it have been studied extensively. Traditional methods of studying protein and structure have largely relied on biochemical and biophysical characterization methods. However, these methods rely on the assumption that proteins are largely structured and adopt energetically stable three-dimensional conformations with minimum free energy. The discovery of naturally unfolded proteins or disordered proteins that are characterized by lack of stable tertiary structure paved the way to study hitherto unexplained facets of protein structure and function. There are a number of computational methods that exploit protein sequence information to predict whether a protein is disordered. These are complemented by a number of other tools that allow users to predict protein function based on the occurrence of post translational modifications, short linear motifs and other disorder associated regions driving functional plasticity. These easy to apply and interpret tools are presented in the form of a user-friendly workflow for bench-scientists in the current communication.


Libraries house copyrighted books and journals in their collections, provide intellectual access to them through catalogs and indexes, and make them available to users. Many researchers and readers are able to use library copies of the works over time, so access to the work is shared. Most libraries exist for this very purpose. Archival collections perform a similar function in that they collect papers--both unpublished and published works, organize them and make them available--often to the general public, again for shared access. These organizations, along with museums, serve public missions and each is recognized as a public good. The Copyright Act of 1976, (1) for the first time in the history of copyright, specifically recognized the unique and important role that libraries and archives play in our society. For the purposes of this paper, the word "libraries" also refers to archives as well unless they are specifically differentiated in the particular section. The digital environment has permanently altered both the library landscape and the society they serve. Not only do libraries continue to acquire works in print but they also acquire access to materials through license agreements to provide electronic access to works, some of which are born digital. Libraries may even acquire the same work in multiple formats including both print and digital. In their role as preservers of works of literature, other written materials and media, libraries use digital technology to preserve works and make them available to users. Libraries have always dealt with copyright issues but perhaps never more so than today. While a copyright owner may have no objection to the reproduction of works for preservation, what the library may do with preserved copies often is controversial. Should libraries be able to preserve copyrighted works by digital means and then make those digital copies available to scholars and researchers? To other libraries? And this is only one of the questions that libraries and archives seek to have answered regarding digital copies of copyrighted works. Should libraries be able to produce digital copies of analog works for a user at the request of that user? Instead of providing photocopies of articles and book chapters to satisfy interlibrary loan (ILL) requests, should libraries be able to provide a digital copy to the borrowing library for the user or directly to the end-user? In 1976, Congress provided an exception to the exclusive rights of the copyright owner that permitted libraries and archives to reproduce and distribute copyrighted works under certain circumstances. The exception recognized that libraries provide significant benefit to society. The exceptions worked well for libraries and their users for printed works and photocopy technology and were at least tolerable to copyright holders. Works in digital format, however, present different expectations and capabilities. For libraries, digital technology represents a significantly better method of preservation, improved ways to deliver copies of reproduced works to users at their request and enhanced ability to search and use these copies. For publishers and producers, digital technology offers additional ways to create new and enhanced products for new markets, the ability to count uses of the works and the methods by which to restrict uses through technological controls. In late 2004, the Copyright Office and the Office of Strategic Initiatives--the home of the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) (2)--at the Library of Congress began to assemble a group of knowledgeable individuals to consider whether section 108 of the Copyright Act should be amended to reflect changes that the digital revolution has brought to libraries and archives in order to permit them to use digital technology while not unduly impacting the rights of the copyright holder. (3) Register of Copyrights Marybeth Peters had been concerned for some time that the balance in the Copyright Act had changed due to changes in technology. …


Hairs varying from 6 to I2 in. in length were obtained mostly from women and in some cases from Sikh male members of the department. The hairs selected, after brittle, coarse, or extremely thin hairs had been discarded, were cleaned with 2 per cent. cetavlon, washed in water, wrapped around rubber tubing about 3 in. long to minimize curling, put into a wide-mouthed bottle, and autoclaved for 20 minutes.


Internet of Things (IoT) is an evolving idea that observes the physical world as a set of smart objects. All the objects are able to communicate with each other. All the objects are internet enabled as well as capable of performing computations. These objects are used by different users in various manners. There are number of resources that can be identified in an IoT environment. The number of resources is limited but the demand of the users is not bounded to any limits. Therefore, to design and execute a specific IoT system encounters many challenges. The most prominent challenge is resource management. The resources must be managed in such an efficient manner that the resultant throughput of the complete system should be maximized. In this paper, after discussing the concept of resource management, an algorithm is proposed, namely RDSA (Request-Discovery-Scheduling-Allocation). This algorithm can further be extended by implement artificial intelligence for dynamic and unpredictable demands of the users.


The utility model relates to a solid reagent dissolving and adding device, which comprises a dissolving device and an adding device. The dissolving device includes a tank body, a first pipeline, a first valve, a second valve, a second pipeline, a feeding device, a stirring device and a liquid level meter; the tank body includes an upper layer and a lower layer which are not communicated and divided by a partition plate; the upper layer is a dissolving tank; the lower layer is a liquor tank; the first pipeline is communicated with the dissolving tank and the liquor tank; the first valve is arranged on the first pipeline; the second pipeline supplies water for the dissolving tank; the second valve is arranged on the second pipeline; the feeding device adds solid reagents into the dissolving tank; the stirring device is arranged inside the dissolving tank; the liquid level meter is interlocked with the second valve; and the adding device is connected with the liquor device. The solid reagent dissolving and adding device solves the problem that currently a dissolving tank and a liquor tank are separately arranged.


Pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) is a popular technique used in multi-criteria decision making. The abelian linearly ordered group (alo-group) is a powerful tool for the discussion of PCMs. In this article, a criterion for acceptable consistency of PCM is introduced, which is independent of the scale and can be intuitively interpreted. The relation of the introduced criterion with the weak consistency is investigated. Then, a multiplicative alo-group based hierarchical decision model is proposed. The following approaches are included: (1) the introduced criterion for acceptable consistency is used to check whether or not a PCM is acceptable; (2) the row's geometric mean method is used for deriving the local priorities of a multiplicative PCM; (3) a Hierarchy Composition Rule derived from the weighted mean is used for computing the criterion/subcriterion's weights with regard to the total goal; and (4) the weighted geometric mean is used as the aggregation rule, where the alternative's local priorities are min-normalized. The proposed model has the property of preserving rank. Moreover, it has counterparts in the additive case. Finally, the model is applied to a layout planning problem of an aircraft maintenance base with a computer-based software.


Microcontroller is a microprocessor and microcomputer technology breakthrough, which has been widely used in electronic circuit applications. By leverag- ing the functionality of the microcontroller it will make an application detection of water levels using Microcontroller AT89S51. The purpose of this application is to nd ways of working, the working circuit and how the operation of equipment. Water level detection applications use sensors connected by water ports on the microcontroller AT89S51. Microcontroller receives input from sensors of water, then microcontroller output to the LED and Buzzer. Water level detection applications can make it easy for people to be able to detect the water level. It can be concluded that the ap- plication water level can be used as a basis if someone wants to make actual detections water level.


The research project Assessment of the Welfare Impacts of Transport System Modifications involved the multidisciplinary examination of the impacts that measures that affect the transport system have on the well-being of people, person groups, communities and nature. During the project (1) welfare impact evaluation criteria were drawn up to act as a checklist during impact assessment planning, when impacts on the prerequisites for well-being are to be included in the assessment,(2) the welfare impacts of two target projects and the availability of suitable data for their impact assessments were assessed (the SOul project, i.e. improving the rail connection between Seinaejoki and Oulu, and the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Transport System Plan PLJ 2007),and (3) a multicriteria analysis application called ARVIOINTIAPU (AssessmentAid) was created to assist value discussion and the determining of an order of importance for different implementation alternatives. The design of the ARVIOINTIAPU model is based on the evaluation criteria that were drawn up. The model's primary objective, the realisation of the prerequisites for well-being, is described using its six subobjectives and their 15 constituent evaluation criteria. The sub-objectives are accessibility, health, traffic safety and the feeling of safety, quality of life, nature and economic boundary conditions. ARVIOINTIAPU acts as an interactive, transparent tool, especially in cases where there are many objectives concerning the impacts of a project or plan, and where there is no data or consensus on the content or order of importance of these objectives. ARVIOINTIAPU can be used to examine or compare both qualitative and quantitative data, as well as to assess the impacts of transport system programmes or strategic plans and programmes. This report may be found at http://www.mintc.fi/oliver/upl564-LVM%201_2007.pdf


In this talk we review the appearance of new types of singularities (big rip, sudden singularities...) in FLRW cosmological models that have arisen on considering explanations for accelerated expansion of our universe.


Background: In the light of the financial crisis in year 2008, regulation on the proportion of the variable remuneration (bonus) to the level of fixed remuneration (base salary) within banks has be ...


Located at the westerly end of Dana Point Harbor, the Ocean Institute annually educates over 78,000 children through "immersion" expeditions into the wonders of the marine environment. A long awaited expansion of the facilities was begun in early 2001, to create the Ocean Education Center. This new waterfront campus is a 3,066 m* working marine research station, intended to maximize student participation in the learning process. Remedial grading for construction of the campus expansion involved removal and recompaction of old fill soils, immediately inland of the adjacent seawall and revetment. Excavation procedures included a shoring wall for protection of the seawall during soil removals. Asudden breach in the shoring system during a high-tide event flooded the construction excavation with over 10,000 m3 of seawater. Local erosion during this event resulted in subsidence of the revetment and a voided condition in the vicinity of the breach, leaving an approximately 8-m section of the seawall foundation unsupported. Consequently, repair of the breach was essential for construction to proceed. The repair process involved application of four discrete grouting techniques. Macroscopic voids were filled with a bentonite/cement slurry grout in the immediate vicinity of the shoring wall. Limited-mobility displacement grouting was used to compensate for local soil loss and to supplement inbound support of the revetment. Gravel was then packed beneath the seawall behind a bulkhead, and permeated with a Type-III cement grout. Smaller voids beneath the seawall were grouted with a fly ash/cement mix. The water was then successfully pumped from the excavation, and construction of the campus was able to resume. The Institute's Ocean Education Center opened in October 2002.


This study quantifies the hazard associated with extreme sea levels due to eastern Adriatic meteotsunamis—long waves generated by traveling atmospheric disturbances—and assesses the sensitivity of the ocean response to the disturbances responsible for those events. In this spirit, a surrogate model of meteotsunami maximum elevation based on generalized polynomial chaos expansion (gPCE) methods, is implemented. The approach relies on the definition of a synthetic pressure disturbance—depending on six different stochastic parameters known to be important for meteotsunami generation, which is used as forcing to produce series of meteotsunami simulations defined with sparse grid methods (up to 10 689 used in this study). The surrogate model and the sensitivity study are then obtained with a pseudo-spectral approximation (PSA) method based on the chosen meteotsunami simulations. This study mainly presents the developed methodology and discusses the feasibility of implementing such gPCE-based surrogate models to assess the hazard and to study the sensitivity of meteorologically driven extreme sea levels.


The diet of pirambeba Serrasalmus brandtii Reinhardt 1874 was studied in four floodplain lakes in Sao Francisco river. The main food items consumed were chunks of fish flesh, small fishes, scales, fins and aquatic insects. Trophic ontogeny was observed in all lakes. The amount of fishes in the diet of S. brandtii increased with the length of the individuals, while the amount of aquatics insects, fins and scales decreased. Aquatic insects were consumed in greater proportion during the wet season. Fish ingestion, including scales and fins, was correlated with the abundance of fishes.


In this issue of Leukemia and Lymphoma , Wang and colleagues [1] conduct a meta-analysis comprising over a dozen randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to evaluate the clinical effi cacy and safety of various bortezomib-based combination regimens for the treatment of patients with either newly diagnosed or relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). Specifi cally, they evaluate the literature for three classes of bortezomibbased regimens: (1) bortezomib and thalidomide (VT), (2) bortezomib and lenalidomide (VR) and (3) bortezomib and doxorubicin (VD), in an attempt to determine any possible superiority to their respective comparator arms lacking the same drug combination. Th ough their pooled analysis is inherently limited by signifi cant inter-trial heterogeneity, they confi rm the effi cacy of these bortezomibbased combination regimens in improving either complete response (CR) or overall response rates (ORR) while not worsening grade III/IV adverse events (AEs), except in the VD analysis that revealed a higher risk for thrombotic events. Th e discovery of the ubiquitin proteasome system and its role in cellular protein degradation [2] by Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose in the late 1970s led to them jointly receiving the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Th eir fi ndings not only allowed a better understanding of cancer cell biology but also led to the pursuit of proteasome inhibition as a therapeutic target due to its cytotoxic eff ect in cancer cells [3]. Bortezomib, a boronic acid dipeptide, functions as a specifi c 26S proteasome inhibitor. It is highly active in MM via intracellular mechanisms such as inhibition of nuclear factor- κ B (NF- κ B) activity, increasing activity of p53 and accumulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors [4]. It received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2003 for the treatment of relapsed and refractory MM, and eventually its approval for the treatment of newly diagnosed myeloma in 2008.


Input to Welsh Government overview of contaminated land in Wales, raising the issue of impacts of rising sea levels and inundation of coastal land as a risk to be factored-in when assessing risks.


Various methods for precise orbit determination (POD) of low earth orbiters (LEO) are briefly intro-duced in this paper. Based on the software named SHORD-Ⅲ developed by our institute,sin-gle-difference (SD) and zero-difference (ZD) dynamic POD based on LEO carrying an on-board GPS receiver is mainly discussed. The approaches are tested using real GRACE data (November 5―25,2002) and independently validated with Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) measurements over the same 21 days. Comparisons with the scientific orbits provided by GFZ indicate that the SD POD RMS accuracy can achieve 5,10 and 6 cm in radial,along and cross the track,and the ZD POD RMS accuracy can achieve 4,8 and 4 cm in radial,along and cross the track. SLR validation shows that SD POD accuracy is better than 8 cm in distance,and ZD POD accuracy is better than 6 cm.


The investigation of genetic similarity involved Festuca rubra L. and Festuca nigrescens Lam. ecotypes. The study plants originated from sub-populations in the south-eastern part of Poland. The analysis of the genetic similarity was performed by the PCR technique with the use of semi-specific primers targeting 12–18 bp long plant gene sequences from the exon targeting (ET) and intron targeting (IT) group. The investigations were carried out using 21 primers. In total, 735 DNA fragments were obtained, out of which the individual primers amplified from 16 (ET 10/18mer) to 56 (ET 11/18mer) fragments. On average, one primer yielded 32.38 polymorphic products from 11 (IT 28/12mer) to 56 (ET 11/18mer). In total, 680 (91.62%) polymorphic products were obtained. The primers used generated PCR products which exhibited high polymorphism. In the case of the 18-nucleotide primers, the number of amplified polymorphic fragments was more than 96%. Based on the results obtained, it was found that Nei's genetic similarity for the Festuca rubra and Festuca nigrescens sub-populations analysed was high enough to correspond to the sub-species status. The genetic similarity between ecotypes of the species is closely related to the site of occurrence of the genotypes studied. The highest similarity was found between ecotypes growing in the immediate vicinity of each other. .


Diffusion rates of reactants and components in solid oxide cells The electrochemical performance of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is very dependent on diffusion rates of the gaseous reactants through the porous electrodes, and the degradation rate of SOEC Ni/YSZ electrodes can be dependent on Ni-migration. The Ni-migration is dependent on electrode polarization and diffusion rate of Ni-containing minority species impact the migration. The electrode polarization as well as the diffusion rate of minority Ni-species are dependent on the partial pressure and pressure gradient of H2O as well as on electrochemical potential gradients. Thus, the H2O diffusion gradient resulting from the electrical load of the cell is expected to affect the Ni migration. Therefore, this contribution first evaluates and discusses the diffusion rates of H2/H2O and CO/CO2 in porous Ni-YSZ composites. A 10 kh durability test with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy recorded at the beginning and end of the test show significant signs of change in the diffusion resistance. Next, the diffusion rate of Ni-species is evaluated based on observed migration of Ni in the electrochemical active Ni-YSZ layer with sub-micron Ni particles. This is compared with catalysis research literature and models for Ni particle diffusivity [1]. Based on the presented results and literature study a modified hypothesis for Ni-migration is provided.


The use of cell and organ culture for the study of insect neurosecretion is a relatively new methodology that is developing rapidly. Recent studies indicate that although it is possible to correlate the presence of stainable neurosecretory material and electrondense neurosecretory granules with the presence of neurohormones in some systems, the actual release of the hormone can be detected only by bioassay. Bioassay systems for both tropic hormones and peptide metabolic hormones have been used to demonstrate the synthesis, storage, and release of neurohormones by cultured neuroendocrine organs. The experimental flexibility permitted by in vitro techniques is rapidly making it the method of choice in neuroendocrinological studies.


The object is a child care center established by local government, and its activities were studied. The findings are as follows: (1) 90% of the local governments run child care centers within their nursery schools, while 10% of the local governments provide the centers with independent facilities for child care. (2) Some private nursery schools are commissioned by local government to offer their services. (3) In most cases, a child care center is established in an area where a junior high school is located. In some cases, however, the said area is larger than a junior high district. (4) Most of full-time workers are child care specialists. (5) With 20% of those local governments that run a child care center together with a nursery school, the facilities specifically for child care are not provided. (6) The services or events offered by child care centers include nursery consultations, parent classes, and space and occasion for children to play at. (7) In most cases, the child care services centering around the center are not run in coordination with other organs; it is only less than half of the local governments that have coordinate partners. It is desirable that they will expand their services in that direction. (Received January 14, 2005; Accepted in revised form July 28, 2005)


Abstract: The Cascadia accretionary margin off Vancouver Island is one of the best studied margins world‐wide for the determination of in situ properties of marine gas hydrates. Most quantitative information has come from cores and downhole logs of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 146 and from extensive seismic and other geophysical surveys. As part of the ODP site surveys, large‐offset multichannel seismic lines outlined the regional distribution of hydrate, and seismic velocity analyses coupled with full waveform inversion provided estimates of the vertical distribution of hydrate and gas. High resolution single‐channel seismic surveys indicate correlations between hydrate/gas concentrations and topographic highs, and between geothermal flux and topography; these correlations provide insight into fluid and methane flow through the sediments. A deep‐towed multichannel seismic survey (DTAGS), together with other data from 20–600 Hz, provide constraints on gradients at the base of the hydrate and gas layer. Extensive heat flow measurements, from probes and from depths of the bottom simulating reflector (BSR), have been modelled numerically, including the regional effects of sediment thickening and advective fluid flow in the accretionary prism. Other geophysical surveys include several seafloor electrical sounding experiments and seafloor compliance measurements of hydrate. ODP drilling has provided valuable downhole log data, core physical property data, and detailed pore fluid chemistry and isotopes. Several semi‐independent estimates of hydrate and gas concentrations have been obtained; all are dependent on reference sediment properties for which no hydrate and no gas is present. From a vertical seismic profile and other seismic data, the velocity increase in a hydrated region is consistent with hydrate concentrations of 20–30% of the pore space in a 100‐m interval above the BSR. Similar values are determined from log resistivity data and from core pore fluid chlorinity.


A portable FM-CW radar system for collecting the ground truth data of snowpack, such as snow depth, density, snow stratigraphy and so on, was developed. The net weight and the sizes of the main frame of this system were 7.8 kg and 153(W)/spl times/568(D)/spl times/173(H) mm respectively. The microwave frequency was swept linearly over the range, 8 to 18 GHz. Using the data collected by the system moving on the snow surface, the topography of the internal layered structure in the snowpack were composed and displayed on the LCD. Experimental results showed the validity of this portable radar for collecting the ground truth data of snowpack in the microwave observation from satellites.<<ETX>>


Exchange bias nanocomposites were obtained by the chemical concentration precipitation method, in which the ferrimagnetic MFe2O4 (M=Cu,Ni) particles were embedded in the antiferromagnetic (AFM) CuO matrix. The dependence of magnetization on temperature measurements show that the exchange bias effect in these composites is ascribed to the exchange coupling at the interface between the ferrimagnetic particles and spin-glass-like phase. With continuous introduction of magnetic Ni ions, the existence of domain state structure and the formation of soft magnetic phase in AFM matrix are responsible for the different behaviors of the exchange bias field and coercivity in these nanocomposites.


The bulk polymerization of styrene was carried out under ultrasonic irradiation. The effects of power input and frequency of ultrasonic waves on the polymerization rate and the molecular weight distribution of polymer were studied. The mechanism of polymerization was not affected by ultrasound, but the overall rate constant decreased linearly with increase of net ultrasonic energy, and the average molecular weight of polymer slightly increased with ultrasonic irradiation. These results are caused by the accelaration of termination reaction and/or the decrease of initiator efficiency with ultrasonic irradiation.


Aiming at the characteristics of the 600 MW unit electrostatic precipitator,and combining dual-tube-socket(DTS) turbulent flow pneumatic ash conveying technology and problems occurred in trial run,this paper compares design and configuration of different ash conveying systems and presents system optimization scheme.Based on operating experiences,the dry ash removal systems of the 600 MW coal-fired unit electrostatic precipitator can be reduced to two typical designs,resulting in standardization of ash conveying system configuration.


A method to analyze cylindrical and quasi-cylindrical multilayer microstrip antennas is presented. The method is based on the integral equation technique in combination with spectral domain approach. In the first step the dyadic Green's function of the cylindrical structure is derived in the spectral domain by the use of an equivalent circuit. By introducing a perturbation term an approximate solution for the quasi-cylindrical structure is found. Numerical results for the cylindrical and quasi-cylindrical structures are shown.


The Broadcom' s professional IPTV chip and embedded Linux system are used in this design.The whole design mainly contains the transformation of embedded browser,midware software integration and design of play system.The whole design works very well,and can be used in real application circumstance.And it will enrich the development of similar product.


The tetrahedron silica-nepheline-diop-side-olivine is used for chemical definition of alkali basalts and tholeiites in conformity with their petrographic definition. In an earlier paper, the plane separating the two types of basalt was found and an equation given for this plane. A second equation has now been derived which allows more rapid classification of olivine-normative basaltic rocks directly from their norms. This equation is or, by nearest approximation, For alkali basalts, the difference (A′ = Ab – 2 En hy – 11/2 Of hy ) is positive; for olivine tholeiites it is negative. Basaltic rocks without normative hypersthene are alkali-basaltic, whereas those with normative quartz are tholeiitic.


The visible-light photohomopolymerization reactivities of several monofunctional oxiranes were evaluated using photodifferential scanning calorimetry (PDSC). Two oxiranes, styrene oxide and 1-methoxy-2-methyl propylene oxide, were selected for copolymerization reactivity studies with five substituted 1,5,7,11- tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecanes (TOSUs). Reaction mixtures contained a diaryliodonium salt photoacid initiator and a β-diketone photosensitizer. Experimentally determined reaction enthalpies were compared with calculated theoretical values to assess percent conversion. Relative reactivities were evaluated by comparing induction and exotherm peak maximum times. Results of AM1 semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations of reaction energetics were compared to experimental findings for selected polymerizations. IR spectral changes were consistent with oxirane and TOSU ring opening. The effect of temperature on the photopolymerization reactivity characteristics of glycidyl methylphenyl ether alone and in combination with unsubstituted TOSU was also studied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 159–168, 2002


The invention of which can exhibit a stable start-up and operating performance by controlling the output current or the temperature of the fuel cell stack as a range of air breathing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system and a process for its operation control method. The operation control method of the air-breathing manner a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell of the invention, the step of detecting the output current of the fuel cell stack, and the detected output current and comparing the maximum reference value and a minimum reference value, the output current up to the reference value and a or less, and maintaining at least the minimum reference value. A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, air breathing (air breathing), output current, temperature, start-up, MEA, dehydrated (dehydration), flooding (flooding)


Isotopic hydrogen exchange between simple alkanes and D2O is homogeneously catalysed by sodium chloroiridite at 160°C. Initial isotope orientation favours hydrogen on the primary carbon atoms.High M values for the exchange are typical.


In the melt-blown nonwoven fabric technology,the design of melt blowing die drawing hot air passage is very important. The design of spinning die rely on mapping and experience currently,when forming the series are often inadequate design basis.In order to obtain the die flow of air jet flow and temperature distribution,this paper analyzes the working principle of the die head assembly and establish three basic equations of jet flow field; got jet flow field velocity profile and airflow temperature distribution,experimental results shows that airflow jet flow field simulation results by Fluent obtained are true and reliable,it can also provide references of similar design.


The present invention relates to a shift-by-wire type parking mode of the automatic transmission in the manual release cable pulling device that is used in the device, the base 10, and; Rotatably connected with respect to the base 10 and the lever 20 that the cable is connected; Rod member 30, and; And a spring member (40). The spring member 40 is disposed between the lever 20 and the rod member 30 is provided to urge the side of the base 10, the rod member (30); When the standing with respect to the lever 20 to the base 10 there is the cable is pulled so.


The characteristics of the routes optimizing in logistics distribution are diversification,randomness,so it is difficult to make a choice.The object of this article is a distribution hub corresponding to a plurality of customers.In order to solve the problem of choosing optimistic path,we use ant colony algorithm to simulate the logistics distribution path.


DC bias would cause the half-wave saturation of transformer, distortion of the exaction current, generation of high harmonic and the vibration and noise increases rapidly, which harm the safe operation of the transformers. In this paper, simulation of magnetic vibration and noise of a 160KVA dry-type transformer with DC bias and modal analysis with the finite element software comsol multiphysics is obtained. The software conduct multi-physical field coupling analysis to electric field, magnetic field, structural stress field and acoustic field, calculate the distribution of the noise and the natural frequency of transformer and propose effective measures to reduce the noise and vibration of transformer with DC bias.


A segmented design scheme based on the iterative approach is proposed for the design of high-power serpentine shaped TM01–TE11 mode converter. It is found that the maximum electric field strength (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_{\mathrm {max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in a serpentine shaped mode converter is related to the power ratio of the TM01 and TE11 modes at crux positions where the two modes have phase difference of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n\pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Moreover, the bending direction of the serpentine axis at the crux positions needs to be adjusted to ensure high-efficiency power conversion from TM01 to TE11. By dividing the serpentine converter into several segments at the crux positions, and specifying the power ratio of the TM01 and TE11 modes, an improved iterative method using phase self-adaption and phase normalization is proposed for the design of the segmented serpentine structures with the desired <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_{\mathrm {max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. For demonstration, a tri-bend TM01–TE11 mode converter was designed at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band for the specified <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_{\mathrm {max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 5 GW power input. Both the simulated and tested results of the conversion efficiency and electric field distribution are consistent with the theoretical predictions. Due to a quick estimation of the maximum power handling capacity of a serpentine shaped mode converter with arbitrary diameter, the proposed method has the merits of quick convergence and high computation efficiency.


Abstract : Four new types of high power, low noise rubber pulse cables have been developed that have high power handling capacities, considerable flexibility over the ambient temperature range of -55C to +55C, exhibit good corona stability after thermal cycling and effective shielding against the electromagnetic radiation eminating from these cables. A program has been established for the development of triaxial terminations for these cables. The terminations for the RG191()/U, RG-192(0/U, RG-193()/U and RG-194()/U pulse cables will be of the not-head type and the cable assemblies will be manufactured at the factory, which will insure corona free operation and ease of assembly to the equipments. Triaxial connectors for the RG-190()/U pulse cable are currently being developed. It is anticipated that the termination for the RG-190()/U, RG-191()/U and RG-192()/U pulse cables will be available by May 1957. A hydrogen thyratron test and aging equipment has been installed to experimentally verify the performance characteristics and curves based on calculated data under high pulse voltage and short pulse conditions. The equipment is capable of 40 megawatts peak power output.


List of Figures List of Tables Acknowledgements Preface 1 Idealised models of 'efficient' international exchange 2 Aboriginal external trade and the global evolution of inter-state trade relations 3 The national political economy of overseas colonial expansion in historical perspective 4 Proto-generic external trade specialisation: some 'regional' aspects of empire 5 Exchange aspects of colonial separatism: some macroeconomy effects of trade abnormalisation 6 The economics of graduation from colonial to national economy 7 Reflective synopsis Bibliography Index


Y.C. Pati (1992) developed the theory of rational wavelets for the purpose of system identification. We use this theory in order to study the identification problem of a flexible beam with bonded piezo-electric actuators and sensors. Computational burden is reduced significantly by using the matching pursuit algorithm, due to S. Mallat and Z. Zhang (1992).<<ETX>>


The significance attributed to corruption, and especially foreign corruption, has been subject to a long series of shifts in political and legal thought. In addition to moralism and self-interest, a third motivation for legal control over foreign corruption has emerged in recent decades: the notion that bribery by businesses from wealthy states plays a material role in perpetuating poverty within developing states. The growth of this idea is the 'Development Turn'. This thesis critically examines, through a broadly interdisciplinary lens, both the Development Turn and associated law in Canada.


We report supercontinuum (SC) generation centered on the telecommunication C-band (1550nm) in CMOS compatible hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguide. A broadening of 200nm is obtained in a 1cm long waveguide using as pump 1.6ps pulses with on chip peak power of 4,5W and 45W.


In this paper we present details of the detector electronics used in measuring the Dopplerbroadened gamma spectra associated with the annihilation of positrons with individual core levels electrons. Gamma spectra were obtained by measuring the energy of gamma rays time coincident with Auger electrons emitted as a result of positrons annihilating with a selected core level electrons. The energy of the gamma rays was measured using a HPGe detector. The electrons were energy selected using a trochoidal energy analyzer and detected using a micro channel plate. The outputs of the electron and gamma detectors were fed to a fast coincidence circuit that was used to gate the multi-channel analyzer used to acquire the gamma energy spectrum. Introduction The contribution to the gamma ( ) spectra from annihilation with core electrons has become a subject of interest as the result of recent experiments demonstrating that a chemically distinct core signature makes it possible to obtain element-specific information in positron defect studies [1]. Typically more than 90% of the annihilation events occur with the valence electrons due to the repulsion of positron from the positive core. Since it is not possible to uniquely decompose the spectra into core and valence contributions there is a need for an experimental method to separate the core-electron contribution to the annihilation spectra from the much larger valence contribution. Here we report details of the apparatus used in the first measurement of the Doppler broadened ray energy spectra associated with the annihilation of a positron with a selected, individual, core level [2]. The measurement method relies on the fact that almost all of the annihilation events with the outer core electrons result in the nearly simultaneous emission of an energetic electron resulting from a CVV Auger transition in which one valence electron carries off the energy made available when another valence electron fills the core-hole left by annihilation. Previous measurements have demonstrated that it is possible to detect these annihilation induced Auger electrons with high efficiency and with an energy resolution sufficient to infer the energy-level of the initial core hole [3,4]. Thus, spectra associated with positron annihilation with electrons in a particular core level can be obtained by measuring the energies of 's detected in coincidence with annihilation-induced Auger electrons of the appropriate energy. Experiment The Auger coincidence data were acquired using a magnetically guided positron annihilation induced Auger (PAES) system [5] with the addition of a high purity Ge (HPGe) detector, multi-channel analyzer (MCA) and fast coincidence circuitry (see Fig. 1). Each sample was 20mm x 20 mm; cut from high purity (99.999%) Ag, Cu and Au foils. Before loading sample into the sample chamber, each sample was treated by etching in a 48% solution of Hydrofluoric acid followed by rinsing in Acetone and Ethyl alcohol. The beam had a fluence of 2.5 x 10 4 positron per second and was incident on the samples at 12 eV. The use of a beam kinetic energy below the core binding energy (~80eV) ensures that the Auger electrons detected resulted from core-electron annihilation and not impact ionization. The data was collected over a period of approximately 20 days during which time the chamber pressure was maintained in the mid 10 -10 Torr range. The surfaces of the samples were periodically sputtered and annealed to maintain cleanliness. Electrons emitted from the sample were guided through an energy Materials Science Forum Online: 2004-01-15 ISSN: 1662-9752, Vols. 445-446, pp 483-485 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.445-446.483 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-12/03/20,10:05:26) analyzer and detected by means of a micro-channel plate. The energies were measured using an HPGe detector that had a relative efficiency of 30% at 1.33 MeV, the crystal diameter was 58.6 mm, the crystal length was 54.8 mm. The detector axis was set perpendicular to the positron beam, 0.058 m from the sample, and behind a 0.0016 m thick stainless steel vacuum window. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the detector resolution function was measured to be 1.23 keV using a 85 Sr calibration source. Annihilation energy spectra were acquired in coincidence with the detection of annihilation induced Auger electrons by gating the input of the MCA with a pulse resulting from the detection of electron in the selected energy range within 600 ns of the detection of the ray. The annihilation spectra of the 3p level of Cu were acquired by requiring coincidence with electrons in the energy range 57-39 eV corresponding to the peak of the energy distribution of the MVV Auger transition resulting from the filing of a 3p hole. "Non-coincidence" (core + valence) spectra were obtained by setting the gate input high thus allowing all of the HP Ge pulses into the MCA. Fig 1. . Schematic diagram of the -Auger coincidence measurement system. Results Fig. 2 shows a comparison of the energy distribution of annihilation rays from Cu measured in coincidence, and without coincidence with an Auger electron emitted as a result of filling the 3p core hole in Cu. The curves were scaled to have the same maximum. The FWHM of the non-coincidence spectra is 2.2 keV, consistent with the fact that this spectrum is dominated by the narrow valence contribution. In contrast, the spectra taken in coincidence with the Auger electron is more than twice as wide, (FWHM = 4.7 keV), reflecting the fact that only contributions from the broad momentum distribution associated with the highly confined radial wave functions of the core level remain. We note that there is a small low energy tail on both spectra due to incomplete charge collection in the Ge detector. The coincidence spectrum corresponding to annihilation with the 4p level of Ag, was found to be ~12% narrower than the spectrum resulting from annihilations with the 3p level of Cu. This difference can be understood qualitatively in terms of the differences in binding energies of the two levels (60 eV for the Ag 4p vs. 76 eV for the Cu 3p). 484 Positron Annihilation ICPA-13


A tidal dry powder inhaler comprising : a miniature pressure sensor, a sensor port of said sensor being pneumatically coupled to a flow channel through which a user can inhale; a processor configured to process data received from a sensing element of the sensor to make a determination that inhalation of a spontaneous breath through said flow channel is in progress; a controller configured to, responsive to said determination, issue a start dosing signal; and a dosing mechanism configured to release dry powder medicament into the flow channel during inhalation of said spontaneous breath in response to receiving said signal.


The development of the pesticides was described in brief.The advantages and shortcomings of chemical pesticides,biological pesticides and photoactivated pesticides were compared.The catalogue and current research on biological pesticides and the mechanism and significance were introduced.


Nowadays, there appears to be sufficient evidence that a collective of uninformed individuals can outperform single individuals (even individual experts) in solving some difficult judgment and prediction problems. In some situations, the predictions given by collective members on the outcome of a future event can be modified (such as by updating or removing predictions) to reach a higher consistency level (less diversity) in a collective. The main concern of this paper is to investigate the impact of diversity on the quality of collective prediction by taking into account such modifications within a collective. Diversity is understood as the variety of individual predictions on the same problem. The simulation experiments (with different collective cardinalities and levels of diversity reduction) have revealed that such modifications are not useful in improving the quality of collective prediction. Instead, they have emphasized the important role of diversity in leading to a better collective prediction. That is the more diverse the collective, the better the collective prediction.


The two major problems for teachers and students in teaching the course of corporation finance are: complex contents and limited tutorial time.Using diagram method in teaching can greatly improve the teaching effect,stimulate learners' learning enthusiasm and efficiency.Therefore,it is an effective teaching method in adapting to the teaching mode of open education.


the effectiveness of the experimental bird repellent methiocarb [4-(methylthio)-3,5 xylyl N-methyl carbamate] for prote.ting seeded rice from feeding blackbirds. Tfhree 1-acre plots where seed was treated with 0.5% methiocarb produced about eight times more rice seedlings per acre (522,000) than three plots sown with untreated seed (66,000). Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoencius) comprised 97.4% of the 8,902 grain-feeding birds recorded in 59 observations of the six 1-acre plots, and about 13 times more redwings fed on untreated plots than treated ones. Appraisal of lower concentrations of metbiocarb for this use is recommended.


Innovative instructional methods integrating 21st century competencies need to be taught strategically by educators in virtual, hybrid, and traditional classroom settings. Several challenges with engaging students in virtual and hybrid environments have emerged. However, findings have indicated that implementing innovative technology tools and teaching methods can enhance student engagement. Addressing students' social-emotional needs before expecting them to master the 21st-century competencies is crucial; therefore, understanding synchronous and asynchronous instructional tools is necessary to enhance student engagement. Because the digital divide among students living in poverty continues to grow during the pandemic, developing global connections is critical. Therefore, high-quality professional development is essential to supporting teachers to become innovators.


This article presents a magnetic field measurement system using giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) sensor as a phase shift element. Investigations were carried out using CoFeB trilayer thin films with 2kA∕m anisotropy field structured as strips and meanders of 300μm length presented in previous studies. The GMI sensor is integrated into an oscillator circuit. The measurement system detects the phase change caused by the magnetic field to be measured. A 6.85% impedance decrease at an applied field of 1.4mT was observed. The phase difference in such cases was Δφ=1.12°. The transmission constant was μa∕Δφ=1mV∕deg.


Climate benefits of mangroves still untapped Mangroves are carbon-rich forests of salttolerant trees and shrubs found along tropical and subtropical coastlines, and a report issued by UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) during the December  climate conference in Lima has called for increased conservation and restoration of these forests. Mangroves are being cleared – times faster than terrestrial forests, and UNEP estimates that resultant economic damages could amount to USD  billion annually. The economic cost is accompanied by significant impacts on climate. For every hectare of mangrove cleared in Central Africa , t of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. With % of mangroves found in developing countries, their conservation is fundamental in shaping how global climate targets are to be met. According to UNEP new strategies and methodologies for carbon accounting and mangrove monitoring are necessary. Possibilities include satellite technology, field surveys, new carbon finance mechanisms, and ensuring mangroves are included in REDD+ strategies. Source: UNEP () www.unep.org/ NewsCentre/default.aspx?DocumentID= &ArticleID=, and Mongabay.com () news.mongabay.com//-gfrngaworecki-un-mangroves-should-havemore-protections.html


An electronic control device for a heating, ventilating, air conditioning or refrigeration (HVAC & R) systems for automatic control, comprising: a digital recycle counter, can be taken for cooling, heating or refrigerator thermostat command, and open in the "OPERATION "state or" modulation off "state of the binary signal to replace the thermostat command; and a computer-readable storage medium comprising a program, the program including an automatic mode configuration, the configuration mode can be automatically determined by the commissioning phase baseline performance of HVAC & R system, and can be based on energy consumption, temperature regulation, humidity control or power limit, or any combination thereof adjusted to determine the performance. The program may be determined to adjust the digital recycle counter based on an adjusted performance "on" and "off" state to reduce power consumption.


While 300 to 500 million Christians worldwide define their faith in relation to empirical manifestations of the spirit, the scientific research in the area of pneumatology still largely ignores the existence of charismatic/pentecostal experience. This paper attempts to relate one of the latest charismatic phenomena, the Toronto-blessing, to some of the recent pneumatological publications and to evaluate it on a biblical-reformatory basis. The first part offers a survey of the various movements of the spirit in the 20th century. The second describes the Toronto-phenomenon and the attempts of its supporters to explain it within a biblical and theological framework. They affirm that one should accept it as a true work of the spirit (emphasizing especially the positive experience made), even if some of the side-effects need to be corrected. It is interesting to see in the third part that the works of W. Hollenweger, M. Welker and J. Moltmann set out from the same starting point, i. e. the variety of experience related to the working of the spirit. As these manifestations are evaluated theologically, the central issue is the application of the adequate criterion (part 4). According to 1. Cor 12, 3 this is found in the confession Jesus is Lord which indicates the working of the Holy Spirit. This happens through the word of God that is preached, effecting faith, new life, prayer. 1. Cor 12 illustrates impressively how the variety of the Christian life springs forth from its unique centre, the triune God. The church does not live by empirical manifestations and spiritual phenomena but by listening and obeying the voice of its Lord.


A survey involving 191 respondents was conducted in Mbale and Kumi in eastern Uganda to get an insight into the current state of tuber utilisation among sweet potato producers in the country. Sweet potato farmers produced and consumed six sweet potato products, that is, fresh sweet potato tubers, pit stored sweet potatoes, amukeke, inginyo, amukeke flour and inginyo flour. Farmers on average consumed 11% of their fresh sweet potato tuber output, 24% of the amukeke output, 13% of the inginyo output, 31% of the pit stored sweet potato output, 100% of the inginyo flour output and 100% of the amukeke flour output. They sold 28% of fresh tuber output, 34% of the amukeke output, 48% of the inginyo output and 42% of the pit stored sweet potato output. They lost 9% of their fresh sweet potato tubers, 10% of the amukeke output, 13% of the inginyo output and 27% of the pit stored sweet potato output. They also processed 29% of their fresh sweet potato output into either amukeke or inginyo or both, 32% of the amukeke output was further processed into amukeke flour and 26.2% of inginyo was processed into inginyo flour.


In this study, the authors present an experimental and theoretical description of the use of first order Raman amplification to improve the performance of a Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (φOTDR) when used for vibration measurements over very long distances. A special emphasis is given to the noise which is carefully characterized and minimized along the setup. A semiconductor optical amplifier and an optical switch are used to greatly decrease the intra-band coherent noise of the setup and balanced detection is used to minimize the effects of RIN transferred from the Raman pumps. The sensor was able to detect vibrations of up to 250 Hz (close to the limits set by the time of flight of light pulses) with a resolution of 10 m in a range of 125 km. To achieve the above performance, no post-processing was required in the φOTDR signal. The evolution of the φOTDR signal along the fiber is also shown to have a good agreement with the theoretical model.


A quartz-fibre electrometer with ancillary equipment is described, whereby an average rate of change of potential may be determined with probable errors of about ±0.2 mV in the change of potential, and ±0.02 s in the measurement of time. An instrument for automatic recording of β-activity within the range 0.04 to 30 μc is described in detail with experimental results.


It is the aim of this work to develop and extend the theory of undamageable materials to graphene. An undamageable material is a material where the value of the damage variable remains zero throughout the deformation process. It is anticipated that the constitutive equations for undamageable graphene can be modeled with differential equations for the case of graphene. The equations are solved for three cases: n = 1, n = 2, and the general case of n. It is hoped that undamageable graphene can be achieved in the laboratory in the near future when the manufacturing technology advances so as to produce such materials.


ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Accepted 22 Feb 2021 Available Online March 2021 In an inclusive setup, general education teachers are expected to handle students with different needs. These teachers should always be supported to meet these problems. The purpose of the present research study addresses the importance of teachers' training attitudes towards inclusive education of children with disabilities. Training enhances teachers 'selfefficiency' and information regarding adapting their teaching methodologies in an inclusive environment for the individual needs of exceptional children. Literature review studies the areas such as perception about disability, the notion of inclusive education, movement from special education to inclusive setup and teachers training provided to use teaching skills. An inclusive set up is advantageous for learners with disabilities. A total of 280 respondents, male 79 and female 201 from 15 schools and centers of special education, District Multan were selected as a population in the study. A sample of 125 participants selected through stratified random sampling techniques. In this research, a questionnaire was the only instrument for the collection of data. After planning the questionnaire, the researchers administered it to 5 members for pilot testing. The results were analyzed and finally, the questionnaire contained 30 items covering all the components of training need assessment for teachers working in an inclusive setting for children with disabilities. The descriptive and qualitative research method was applied to analyze the collected data. It was highly recommended that teachers' training programs are designed to share information about awareness of disability and enhance teaching skills and knowledge for an efficacious inclusive system for children with disabilities.


Based on design guidelines from a three-dimensional, fully vectorial model, we have fabricated vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a monolithically integrated dielectric surface grating for polarization control. For VCSELs with emission wavelengths of 850 and 980 nm we have achieved orthogonal polarization suppression ratios (OPSRs) above 15 dB for all modes up to thermal rollover, which very well agrees with theory. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that the grating has no influence on the emission far-field. The surface grating has also been combined with a surface relief to stabilize the polarization and to increase the fundamental mode output power at the same time.


The article discusses the concept of "learner autonomy", examines the phenomenon of self-control as a means of developing autonomy, assesses the ability of students to selfcontrol the level of proficiency in speaking skills in the process of learning a foreign language in specialised classes of secondary school, identifies key skills that contribute to personal autonomous development of students. The author presents the results of identifying and comparing the levels of autonomy of secondary (7th form) and high (10th form) school students in order to determine their readiness to work on individual educational routes in preparation for the final tests in English.


Objective:To study the effect of synthetic antimicrobial peptides on Escherichia coli biofilm.Methods:The test tube method was used to establish the model of Escherichia coli biofilm.The samples were randomly divided into four groups:group A,by adding 4×MIC antimicrobial peptides to the samples,group B,by adding 1×MIC gentamicin to the samples,group C,by adding 4×MIC antimicrobial peptides and 1×MIC gentamicin to the samples,and group D,by adding phosphate buffered saline to the samples as a control.After 6 h the viable bacteria in the biofilm were counted following the method of colony count.The different changes in the biofilm were compared between the treated groups and the control group with scanning electron microscope.Results:The viable bacteria in group C were significantly decreased compared with the other three groups(P≤0.05).While compared with group D,the viable bacteria were decreased in group A and group B(P≤0.05).From the graph of scanning electron microscope the integrity of the Escherichia coli cell membrane was disrupted in group A and C.Conclusion:The results suggest that the killing effect of combination of antimicrobial peptides with gentamicin is significantly increased.


The main objective of this research was to determine the effect of Niphidium albopunctatissimum Lellinger on serum levels of alanine transaminase and malondialdehyde in hepatocytes of Rattus norvegicus var. albinus with induced hepatoxicity. Twenty-four specimens of Rattus norvegicus var. albinus, young adult males, from 2 months and a half to 3 months, with a body weight between 170 and 200 grams, acquired from the Bioterium of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry of the National University of Trujillo, fed standard diet and water ad libitum. For the induction of hepatotoxicity, in albino rats with a previous fast of 12 hours, ethanol was administered at 56% (w / v) in doses of 7.6 mL / kg p.c every 12 hours orally for 7 days. The experimental animals were randomly distributed in four work groups, albino rats each, receiving: Group I (White): standard diet and water ad libitum; Group II (Control): ethanol (at 56% (w / v) in doses of 7.6 mL / kg); Group III (Problem or experiment): ethanol (56% (w / v) in a dose of 7.6 mL / kg) plus fluid extract of Niphidium albopunctatissimum Lellinger (500 mg / kg p.c); Group IV (Standard): ethanol plus silymarin (100 mg / kg p.c). The results show lower values of GPT transaminase in the Experimental and Standard groups with respect to the control (p <0.05), while there is no difference in the malondialdehyde values of the control, experimental or standard groups. It is concluded that Niphidium albopunctatissimum Lellinger has a hepatoprotective effect in Rattus norvegicus var. albinus by decreasing plasma levels of transaminase GPT. However, it has no antioxidant effect on serum levels of malondialdehyde in hepatocytes of the albino rat


The invention discloses a regeneration method of an activated carbon absorbent. The activated carbon absorbent with absorption saturation is treated by adopting a steam regeneration method; at the time when the regeneration of the steam is stopped, circulative steam is formed between the entrance and the exist of an absorbing apparatus; a purified water spraying device is arranged on a steam circulating pipe; the circulative steam is cooled off after passing through the purified water spraying device; the circulative steam with lowered temperature is utilized for carrying out cooling processing to an activated carbon bed; and the cooled activated carbon absorbent can be further dried by feeding air. In the regeneration method of the activated carbon absorbent, the adoption of steam regeneration causes that comparatively thorough regeneration of absorption capacity can be carried out under higher temperature, thereby greatly reducing the steam or nitrogen needed by the existing temperature reduction method, greatly lowering operational cost and improving the economic performance of the activated carbon absorption technology.


In this paper, we study and analyze the generalized inverse mixed variational inequality. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of such problem are proposed. The neural network associated with the generalized inverse mixed variational inequality is presented, and moreover, the Wiener-Hopf equation which the solution of the equation is equivalent to the solution of the generalized inverse mixed variational inequality, is considered. The stability and existence of solution of such neural network are proved. Finally, we introduce some algorithms which are constructed by the concept of the neural network and display a numerical example for understanding our results.


We prove that every type of finite Cantor‐Bendixson rank over a model of a first‐order theory without the strict order property is definable and has a unique nonforking extension to a global type. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim