This paper develops a theoretical model that explains the impact of the fit between top executive characteristics and strategic orientation on organizational performance. Using the Miles and Snow typology as an integrative framework, the central propositions of the model were evaluated. The results of the empirical examination provided significant support for the administrative dimension, an aspect of the typology that has been largely overlooked thus far. Further, it was found that firms achieving a greater degree of alignment between their strategy and the profiles of top managers, generally realized superior performance outcomes.


Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world; extrapulmonary manifestations occur in 10 to 15% and skeletal compromise in 1 to 2% of the total cases, up to half of these patients may have tuberculosis of the spine or Pott's disease, being most frequently affecting the lumbar and the lower segments of the spine. The most common symptom is a progressive and long lasting back pain, accompanied by constitutional symptoms. Antituberculous treatment using four drug regimens has shown high rates of success, avoiding the need for surgery. We present the following case of a pediatric patient whit Pott's disease, which began with a chronic lumbar pain, fever and constitutional symptoms, lumbar compromise was confirmed by diagnostic imaging, he was taken to surgery and staining of the fluid was positive for acid fast bacilli, primary pulmonary involvement was also showed. Due to the underestimation of tuberculosis in our country, we present this report to bring our attention to the need of a high index of suspicion in order to have a prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid long term morbidity of this disease.


Summary The interactions of 23 bacteriophages on strains of lactic streptococci at 30, 38 and 40 °C were studied in reconstituted skim-milk and broth media. In milk, 3 different temperature mediated responses were observed. Extensive phage replication at 30, 38 and 40 °C with inhibition of acid production by infected cultures was observed for 8 phages; extensive phage replication at 30 and 38 °C, but not at 40 °C, was observed for 4 phages, while 11 phages replicated at 30 °C but not at 38 or 40 °C. Studies in broth media revealed that failure of phage to replicate at 38 and 40 °C was not due to lack of host growth in most cases, but due to a temperature sensitivity on the part of the phage. In one phage–host system, phage replication continued after growth of the host had ceased. The significance of these findings to starter selection for cheese manufacture is discussed.


The extensive use of trunk pipelines to transport petroleum products and gas calls for measuring techniques to record the strains in pipes during operation. The stresses principally responsible for a risky situation in trunk pipelines during operation are tangential (or circumferential) tensile stresses. The x-ray fluorescence method that we have developed for measuring the working stresses in trunk pipelines has great localization and high sensitivity. It is based on measuring strains by recording the characteristic radiation of an element introduced into a liquid penetrant which fills indentations on the surface of the pipeline. Depending on the magnitude of the working stress that arises as petroleum products or gas are pumped, the volume of the standard indentation changes and, therefore, so does the amount of liquid penetrant introduced into it. In conclusion, we note that this method has a number of advantages over the x-ray structural method. First, the results of the measurements do not depend on the structural state of the material inspected (coarse grain, texture, etc.). Second, the proposed method makes it possible to evaluate the stresses at various points of a large product (pipeline), x-ray structural analysis is applicable only in the laboratory version. Third, the proposed methodmore » is implemented with simple (inexpensive) recording equipment. It ensures high inspection productivity (measurement at a point in 20 min) and can be used for noncrystalline materials (plastics, ceramics, etc.)« less


With the recent emergence of mixed precision hardware, there has been a renewed interest in its use for solving numerical linear algebra problems fast and accurately. The solution of total least squares problems, i.e., solving $\min_{E,r} \| [E, r]\|_F$ subject to $(A+E)x=b+r$, arises in numerous applications. Solving this problem requires finding the smallest singular value and corresponding right singular vector of $[A,b]$, which is challenging when $A$ is large and sparse. An efficient algorithm for this case due to Bj\"{o}rck et al. [SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 22(2), 2000], called RQI-PCGTLS, is based on Rayleigh quotient iteration coupled with the preconditioned conjugate gradient method. We develop a mixed precision variant of this algorithm, RQI-PCGTLS-MP, in which up to three different precisions can be used. We assume that the lowest precision is used in the computation of the preconditioner, and give theoretical constraints on how this precision must be chosen to ensure stability. In contrast to standard least squares, for total least squares, the resulting constraint depends not only on the matrix $A$, but also on the right-hand side $b$. We perform a number of numerical experiments on model total least squares problems used in the literature, which demonstrate that our algorithm can attain the same accuracy as RQI-PCGTLS albeit with a potential convergence delay due to the use of low precision. Performance modeling shows that the mixed precision approach can achieve up to a $4\times$ speedup depending on the size of the matrix and the number of Rayleigh quotient iterations performed.


Interview with Nelson and Roberta Kilbourn about their experiences in the Big Thompson Canyon at Glen Haven during the 1976 Big Thompson flood and its aftermath. Credit: Oral History Transcripts - Big Thompson Canyon Collection (MSS #3003), History Colorado, Denver, Colorado


Lateral variations in the attenuation characteristics of ground motion in the Eastern United States (EUS) are determined by studying the propagation of the L/sub g/ phase. This is achieved by detailed investigations of nearly all available short-period three-component data from a large number of LRSM seismograph stations. Both time and frequency-domain methods of analyses are employed to data from numerous earthquakes and the well instrumented underground nuclear explosion, SALMON. Maps of station terms for the vertical and horizontal components of L/sub g/, obtained in this study, may be used to estimate the largest amplitudes of the vertical or horizontal component of L/sub g/ in various parts of the EUS. In general, sites within the central stable region have the largest whereas those in the coastal plains region have the smallest values of station terms. Large station terms in the central stable region suggest significantly lower attenuation, probably due to the relative lack of tectonic activity in this region. The ratio of the largest horizontal to the largest vertical component of L/sub g/ shows unexpectedly large regional variations that are important since most damage is generally caused by the horizontal components of ground motion. 53 references, 28 figures, 7 tables.


The methods based on data mining in chemometrics are promising methods for studying the speciation of metals. Data mining of abundance data obtained by modern instrumentation needs to combine a number of multivariate data analysis methods. In this case, principal component analysis, evolving factor analysis and eigenstructure tracking analysis were applied to the study of the speciation of Cu (II)/sulphosalicylate/triethanol amine. Three programs named SPGRAFA, SPGREFA and SPGRETA were designed based on mathematical algorithms. Error functions were calculated for evaluating the number of species. Submatrix analysis plots were constructed to estimate the species present in the system. The method should prove usefulness in the studies of the speciation of complex systems in environmental samples.


The tests were carried out in order to explain the variation of crystal lattice strain in various graphites by heat-treatment . The flake, spheroidal and temper graphites are prepared from gray, calcium ductile and black heart malleable cast irons by electrolytic extraction. The specimens are heat-treated under argon or vacuum at 1200°C, 1500°C, 1800°C, 2000°C, 2400°C, 2600°C and 3050°C, respectively . The crystal lattice strain in graphites is analyzed from the equation as follow, β (obs) ·cosθ=η·sinθ+K·λ/D (hkl)Where β (obs) is the half maximum line breadth, θ the scattering angle, η the parameter of lattice strain (Δd/d), K the shape factor, λ the wavelength and D (hkl) the crystallite size. The relation between β (obs) ·cosθ and sinθ obtained from (00l) lines is comparatively linear. As result, the variation of lattice strain with heat treatment is the largest in temper graphite, slightly smaller in spheroidal graphite and almost nothing in flake graphite.


We provide a geometrically natural formula for the triple linking number of 3 pairwise unlinked curves in three dimensional hyperbolic space.


This research described three instructional studies whose purpose was to improve disabled readers' comprehension of expository text. Specifically, high‐school‐aged disabled readers were taught how to identify passages' main ideas, to construct graphic organizers that reflected passage relations, and to write summaries that contained only the passages' most important information. Results of the three studies suggest the need for modeling strategies and consistent feedback, and the usefulness of constructing graphic organizers and writing summaries to help disabled readers monitor their understanding and improve their reading comprehension.


In this paper, the thinking to solve the problem of optimal design is discussed by summing up the factors of vehicle arrangement plan of strip mine, analyzing the restriction conditions of the vehicle arrangement problem comprehensively, setting up the mathematical model base on integral programming, arranging the beginning setting of the excavator by using linear programming which simplifies the model reasonably and accelerating the solution of the model. In consideration of the utilization rate which can hardly near to 1, for the sake of promoting the practically applied possibility of the model's optimized solution and increasing the flexibility of vehicle arrangement, the maximum rate of utilization is established; While the minimum rate of utilization is set up given that the excavator must be guaranteed to have certain utilization due to the high expenses of the equipments. This model is of high quality of practicability and generalizing from the result of calculating.


Aim. To study the biomarkers of liver inflammation that occur during antiviral therapy in the interferon-free regimen.
Methods. 14 patients were examined during antiviral therapy of chronic viral hepatitis C genotype 1. Treatment with dasabuvir, ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir for 12 weeks was received by 8 patients. Daklatasvir and asunaprevir was administered to 6 patients for 24 weeks. 11 patients had the concentrations of cytokines/chemokines (TNFα, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL20/MIP-3α, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL11/ITAC) measured in the blood plasma by multiplex analysis. In six patients, the content of CXCR3+ and CCR6+ receptors in different subpopulations of lymphocytes was determined by flow cytofluorimetry. Patients were divided into 2 groups: without liver fibrosis and with severe fibrosis.
Results. 100% demonstrated virologic response. In both groups, significant reduction of CXCL10/IP-10 concentration was found in the patients at the end of treatment compared to pre-therapy (p=0.025 and 0.00015, respectively). In the first group a tendency to increase of the relative content of T-lymphocytes (p=0.065) was observed, and in the second group, a significant increase of the relative content of TNKCCR6+ (p=0.02) was observed.
Conclusion. Chemokine CXCL10/IP-10 is a biomarker characterizing the decrease of liver inflammation during therapy and not depending on the degree of liver fibrosis. The tendency to increase of the relative content of T lymphocytes in the first group and a significant increase in TNKCCR6+ cells during treatment in the second group may play an important role in eliminating hepatitis C virus.


In the solution state, an equimolar mixture of syn- and anti-conformations is present for the ligand N,N′-bis(4-pyridylformyl)piperazine, L. Combining L with cis-Pd(en)(NO3)2 resulted in the formation of metallomacrocycle cis-[Pd2(en)2(L)2](NO3)4, 1, quantitatively. Coordinated L in complex 1 was found to exist exclusively in the syn-conformation. The equimolar mixture of syn- and anti-conformations was re-established by ethylenediamine induced demetallation of 1.


Two new polyhedral tolyl-containing metallasiloxanes, {(Na+)2[TolSi(O)O−]6(Ni2+)4(Na+)4(OH−)2[TolSi(O)O−]6}*(EtOH)14(H2O)2 and {[CuSi(O)O−]12(Cu2+)4(Na+)4}*(EtOH)8}, and two new large stereoregular cyclosiloxanes, cis-[TolSi(O)OSiMe3]6 and tris-cis-tris-trans-[TolSi(O)OSiMe3]12, have been synthesized and their structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography.


The dependences of the electromagnetic torque and efficiency factor of the anchor winding for various types of switching and random number of phases are described. The comparative analysis of two switching types is carried out.


The aim of this research is to study the fatigue characteristic of v-notch shaft steel specimens before and after pack carburizing. The carbon source is taken from charcoal of unused mahogany. The fatigue test is conducted on rotary bending machine. The specimens are made of low carbon steel of 0.17% carbon content. Pack carburizing is conducted to the specimens at 930°C. V-notch is made to present the stress concentration factor on the specimens. To see the effects of the carburizing in changing the material properties, micro-structures before and after carburizingare looked and micro hardness measurements along the cross sectional area are carried out. The results show that the carburizing process increases fatigue strength of the material. The micro-structures of the raw material are ferrite and pearlite. The carburized material is divided into two zones i.e. surface zone and core zone. The surface zone consists of hypereutectoid, eutectoid, and hypoeutectoid sub-zone. The core zone is the same as raw ...


Measurements of total cross sections Qi for chemi-ionization in scattering of a K2 dimer beam by a range of halogen containing molecules, at translational energies E ∼ 7–11 kcal mol-1, are reported. Substantial cross sections, Qi ∼ 2–10 A2 are exhibited by the halogen molecules Br2, ICl, IBr, I2. Distinctly lower values Qi ∼ 0·1–0.2 A2 are exhibited by BrCN and the mercuric and stannic halides, HgX2, SnX4. The results show a close correlation with the chemi-ionization exoergicities, particularly for formation of a K+,X- ion pair. These chemi-ionization data and results from previous reactive scattering studies are compared, in order to estimate relative reaction yields for different reaction paths. The reaction dynamics for K2 with halogen molecules and cyanohalides are rationalized in terms of the electronic structure of the potential surface, where the orientation of the K2 dimer plays a crucial role.


Silicon production by silica-containing raw material reduction by carbon in ore-smelting furnaces (OSF) is a complex pyro-metallurgic process. Silicon is produced in a system consisting of charge, furnace electrodes, air, melt, slag, and gases at temperatures above 2000°C, which generates silicon monoxide and carbide unavoidably. The finished product contains impurities (Fe, Ca, Al, Ti, etc.) in small amounts; however, it is still unknown for sure how impurities, contained in raw materials, behave and interact with each other and with silicon. To analyze the distribution of charge components during smelting, the research team used thermodynamic (mathematical) modeling in Selector software. The constructed four-tank silicon production model describes adequately the process. The assumed tank temperatures correspond to the OSF reaction zones (400°C, 1530°C, 2200°C, and 2000°C). Modeling involves 15 charge-carried elements: quartzite from the Cheremshanskoye deposit, charcoal and black coal, petroleum coke, wood chips, and OSF coal electrodes. According to the model, silicon recovery (with a 97.15 wt% silicon content in the melt) is 75%, which is consistent with literature and production data (AO Kremniy, Shelekhov, Irkutsk Oblast).


This study, which was directed by the state of Virginia, reports on marsh lands and wetlands, in the state. The first interim report led to recommendations for further study which is the basis of this report. Half of the document is devoted to the development of definitions for tidal wetlands, Virginia wetlands and high priority areas. A section on inventory includes a floral and fauna checklist, wetlands, shorelines, and inventory needs for better wetlands management. Areas of research were chosen on the basis of their importance in answering immediate wetland management questions. Research activities, coordinated interdepartmentally, permitted integrated appraisal of relationships between physical and biological parameters facilitating economic evaluation of wetlands. Present research projects covering shorelines, wetlands, shallows, fish investigations, and wetland foraminifera are described. The final section deals with recommendations for additional research needs for better estuarine zone management. These include wetland classification and project evaluation criteria; studies on marsh grasses, bulkheads, island migration, and effects on wetland productivity; and potential deleterious effects of oil spills on wetlands.


Phosphate impregnated titania samples with varying amount of phosphate have been prepared by solid-solid kneading as well as aqueous impregnation method. All the samples are characterized by XRD, TG-DTA, and N(2) adsorption-desorption isotherm. Surface area is found to increase with the increase in phosphate content up to 7.5 wt% loading and thereafter decreases. The average pore diameter and crystallite size of titania decreases with the addition of phosphate. However, total acidity (determined by base adsorption method) and the catalytic activity increases with the increase in phosphate content up to 10 wt%. Phosphated samples prepared using phosphoric acid as the source of phosphate exhibit higher acidity compared to the samples prepared using (NH(4))(3)PO(4). However, the sample prepared from (NH(4))(3)PO(4) shows the presence of both acid and basic sites. Though from the cumene conversion study it is understood that phosphated samples contain both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites, the latter predominates over the former. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.


Objective:To investigate the expression of Ets-1 proto-oncogene protein,microvessel density in cervical cancer tissue and the role of Ets-1 in the development,growth,invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer.Methods: Immunohistochemical staining-SP method was used to detect the expression of Ets-1 and MVD(labeled by CD34)in 67 cases of cervical cancer.The relationships between Ets-1 and the clinic pathological variables,MVD were analysed.Results: Ets-1 highly expressed in tumor tissues(42/67,62.7%).No staining was observed in normal tissues(P0.01).MVD was 14.91±2.55 in normal tissues and 37.57±6.77 in tumor tissues(P0.01).MVD of Ets-1-positive tumors was higher than that of Ets-1-negative tumors,P0.01).There were significant correlation between the expression of Ets-1 and increased clinical stage(P0.01),and histopathological grading(P0.01).The statistically significant difference were observed in nodal metastasis and depth of tumor invasion.The nodal metastasis and depth of tumor invasion rates of the patients with Ets-1-positive tumors were significantly higher than that of those with Ets-1-negative tumors(P0.01).Conclusion: Ets-1 may accelerate the development and metastasis of cervical cancer through promoting tumor angiogenesis.Ets-1 may be a valuable marker to evaluate biological behavior of cervical cancer and predicting the outcome for patients with cervical cancer.


Fake news is a piece of contrived records that mirrors a news association's substance in structure however not in hierarchical interaction or purpose. Fake news is spreading in our society day by day. Web-based media stages permit nearly everybody to distribute their musings or offer stories with the world. The difficulty is, a great many people don't check the wellspring of the material that they see online before they share it, which can prompt phony word getting out rapidly or in any event, circulating around the web. For this reason, we wanted to work with the detection of fake news. Bangla fake news observation is not as easy as English. The features of the Bangla language are comparatively different from other languages. We use machine learning approaches like Random Forest, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors classifier for detecting Bangla fake news. We have got the best accuracy for the Random Forest Classifier. Finally, our proposed model can recognize fake report successfully.


In this contribution, investigations on model order reduction for coupled systems composed from components of a passenger car are shown. In today's development processes, the simulation of mechanical components is indispensable and large Finite Element models are often used for this purpose. For the calculation of time‐domain or frequency‐domain analyses, for example, a lot of computing power is required. However, with the application of model order reduction methods, this effort can be reduced, but this results in a trade‐off between the reduction error and the computational time. Since the computation of reduction bases for complete systems can be computationally expensive, it is of interest to be able to reduce components individually and then assemble them into a reduced overall model. This can result in both, a saving of computational effort when creating the bases, as well as a saving of the required memory space. Furthermore, there are many possible combinations of components in the modular systems of today's automotive industry, which emphasizes the model order reduction by parts and not by assemblies. In this work, methods of model order reduction for coupled systems are presented and will be tested on components in the chassis of a sports car. Therefore, an assembly consisting of a brake disc and wheel rim together with the wheel hub are investigated. For this purpose, the eigenmodes and transfer functions of the overall model, the reduced overall model and the assembly built from individual reduced bodies are compared.


Xuan Zhuang's journey in A Journey to the West lasts for 14 years with a mileage of 54 000 kilometers,visiting different kinds of mountains of rivers.It is indeed a splendid cultural journey.Descriptions of many of the natural sights are full of fresh and natural romanticism,reflecting the novelist's pondering over the relationship between man and nature and revealing a natural aesthetics based on the traditional Chinese concept of beauty.Adopting a philosophical and aesthetic approach,this paper clarifies the connotations of the natural aesthetics under discussion and forms a new textual interpretation of the novel.


Tape patch device (1) according to one aspect of the present invention, the airtight space (5) is formed a chamber (6) therein, defining an airtight space (5) into first and second airtight spaces (7,8) and and the rubber sheet 10, which is a wafer 9 placed on the top surface, the rubber sheet 10 from the top of the tape frame 12 for holding the tape (11) of the first and second airtight spaces (7, 8 ) of comprises the first and the second supply and discharge (13, 14) for switching pressure and reduced pressure. The first and second airtight spaces (7,8) was in a vacuum state, and the second raised thereby to pressurize the hermetically sealed spaces 8, to expand the rubber sheet 10, push the wafer 9, the tape (11) when pasted, the control by the push-in amount of the second airtight space by changing step by step at a high speed from a low speed to the expansion rate of the rubber sheet 10, the adhesive patch for the wafer 9 on the tape 11.


A modified version of the weighted least absolute value (WLAV) method for the solution of the power system-state-estimation problem is presented. The WLAV method can be seen as minimising a linear objective function subject to a set of nonlinear constraints. The modification is aimed at producing a WLAV estimator that remains insensitive to bad data, even if they are associated with leverage-point measurements. This is achieved by bending the linear objective function, so that the residuals of bad measurements are allowed to grow without incurring much additional cost in the objective function. Consequently, the optimisation procedure would find an optimal solution where the residuals of all bad measurements are nonzero. The optimisation is carried out via sequential linear programming. It is shown that each linear program corresponds to a linearised WLAV problem with weights adjusted automatically during the iterations. To ensure fast execution time, the linear program is solved using a homogeneous interior-point method. Computational results show that the proposed method can identify bad data in leverage points.


We evaluate, for the first time, the crystal quality of a Zn-diffused thick In/sub 0.76/Ga/sub 0.24/As/sub 0.55/P/sub 0.45//InP structure created by the open-tube technique. We also investigate the intermixing at the heterointerface of a Zn diffused In/sub 0.47/Ga/sub 0.53/As/InP multiple quantum well structure.


The frequent incorrect application or interpretation of statistical methods in publications that use statistics has been noted by a number of authors (e.g., Altman, 1982; Bartko, 1986; Fletcher, Rice, & Ray, 1978; Oakes, 1986; Strube & Hartmann, 1982; Wade & Hartmann, 1978; White, 1979). Bartko indicated, for example, that about half of publications of this type examined in several recent reviews had statistical errors ranging from minor to major, "including false conclusions" (p. 1199). More recently, the frequent occurrence of statistical errors in substantive articles refereed by Long led him to devote an entire book to this subject (Long, 1988). Perhaps as a consequence of the growing awareness of the problem, articles that attempt to inform researchers about statistical methods and promote their correct use have been appearing with increasing frequency in most of the empirical journals of the American Psychological Association. Betz's (1987) recent article on the use of discriminant function analysis in counseling psychology research is of this type. Betz noted that "it is hoped that [the article] will increase readers' interest in and ability to appropriately use discriminant analysis [DA]" (p. 402). The article, in fact, correctly and accurately describes many features of DA that are of use to researchers in counseling psychology. However, there are also some sections of Betz's article that may result in misinterpretation or misapplication of DA. These sections are concerned with (a) methods of testing the significance of discriminant function weights, (b) goals of classification rules, and (c) methods of testing the significance of differences between observed and chance total hit rates. In this article I present information related to these topics and hope to increase the likelihood of the correct application and interpretation of DA. The first topic is considered more important, and is consequently discussed in more detail, than either the second or third topics.


We consider a one-dimensional Hubbard model in the presence of disorder. We compute the charge stiffness for a mesoscopic ring as a function of the size L, which is a measure of the persistent currents. We find that for finite disorder the persistent currents of the system with repulsive interactions are larger than those of the system with attractive interactions. This counterintuitive result is due to the fact that local-density fluctuations are reduced in the presence of repulsive interactions.


e19025 Background: Vitamin D (VitD) is synthesized in the skin as a result of exposure to sunlight and its deficiency is common in the general population as well as in cancer patients. Sun protecti...


Whilst fully supporting the principle that all road users should pay their fair share in road construction and maintenance costs, the iru is firmly opposed to the imposition of traffic prohibitions and discriminatory taxes on commercial vehicles. Costs must be calculated and allocated on as objective a basis as possible - namely by the use of a common system of rates of taxation based on marginal utilisation costs and completed by a compulsory balanced budget with possibility of loan. In international traffic, infrastructure costs attributable to each vehicle ought to be covered by vehicle tax in the country of registration alone, according to the principle of mutual exoneration from the taxes payable in other countries. Against a background of uncertain international trade but some optimism in the continuing resilience of road transport along sometimes new and extended international routes, the introduction of facilitated customs transit throughout the world is of increasing importance. The tir customs transit system, administered by the iru and currently operating throughtout Europe and in some countries of the middle East and North Africa, provides a valuable means of facilitating international trade and decreasing its cost. (a) (TRRL)


Abstract Cases of chronic Chagas disease have been increasing in non-endemic areas due to the growth in immigration. This study examined the association between positive Trypanosoma cruzi-DNA detection in blood by PCR and presence of chagasic cardiac involvement in a cohort of immigrants in a European city. No association was found in this study between the positive T. cruzi blood PCR and cardiac involvement.


A computer simulation design tool has been devel oped to simulate dynamic thermal performance for salinity gradient solar ponds. This program will be available to the public through the SERI Solar Ar.alysis Methods Center. Dynamic programming techniques are applied to allow significant user flexibility in analyzing pond performance under realistic load and weather conditions. Finite ele ment techniques describe conduction heat transfer through the pond, earth, and edges. Results are presented that illustrate typical thermal perfor mance of salinity gradient ponds. Sensitivity stud ies of salty pond thermal performance with re spect to geometry, load, and optical transmission are included.


Tobacco use continues to be of research interest due to the significant amount of tobacco-attributable non-communicable diseases and deaths in India. This study examines the pattern and predictors of smoking, chewing, and any tobacco use among adults of age 15–49 years in India. This study used secondary data from the fourth round of the National Family and Health Survey (NFHS, 2015–2016) which collected information on tobacco use from men and women in the age group 15–49 (n = 803097). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to understand the socio-economic and demographic predictors. GIS maps have been used to show inter-state variation in smoking, chewing, and any tobacco use by gender. About one out of every ten adults aged 15–49 use any tobacco, predominantly in chewing forms. Women are significantly less likely to smoke (odds ratio [OR]: 0.05, confidence interval [CI]: 0.04–0.05), chew (OR: 0.25, CI: 0.24–0.25), and use any tobacco (OR: 0.14, CI: 0.13–0.14) compared with men. Tobacco usage was found more common among the uneducated and economically weak people. There is considerable inter-state heterogeneity in the prevalence and type of tobacco use, and adults in the north-east region are among the most vulnerable population subgroups. Tobacco use continues to be a significant burden due to its magnitude and different forms of use in India. The higher use among males, illiterates, economically weak, socially backward and alcohol users suggest the need for targeted efforts to improve their knowledge and awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco use and stronger enforcement of tobacco control policies.


Learners with disabilities remain under-represented in higher education and courses, such as medicine, that grant access to 'the professions'. National and professional legislation, policy and guidance have changed over the last few decades in response to reforms in the way disability is viewed and valued by society. Principles of equal rights and equality of opportunity inform the negotiation of widened participation in the professions. However, drawing on the example of medical education, it is possible to see that widening participation agendas may be insensitive to the needs of learners with disabilities. Analysing the development of practice and policy from a participation perspective suggests that tokenism may have played a role in deprioritising the voices of individuals with disabilities, rendering policy disconnected from the needs of marginalised groups. The concept of participatory parity may provide an opportunity to readdress this misrepresentation.


Dermoscopy was proven more accurate than naked-eye examination and sequential digital dermoscopy imaging (SDDI) superior to dermoscopy alone for melanoma detection2 . SDDI combined with total-body photography (TBP)3 namely the "two-step method" of digital follow-up (DFU), seems at present the best surveillance strategy for high risk patients. With the aim to endorse its usefulness, we retrospectively studied 148 at high risk patients included in DFU at the Dermato-oncology Unit of Hôpital Saint-Louis between 2014 and 2018. Risk characteristics included: atypical mole syndrome (AMS), personal and family history of melanoma, personal history of ≥2 melanomas, confirmed gene mutation of CDKN2A or CDK4 or other cancer risk conditions. DFU was performed by an expert dermatoscopist with FotoFinder® . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


In this paper it is intended to elaborate a framework in which we can incorporate external forces in the systems prescription with emphasis on Hamiltonian systems with external forces and on the consequences of external forces. An appealing tool for this case is the language of symplectic geometry. Definitions of Hamiltonian systems with external forces are given and it is shown how they fit very naturally into the framework. It is also shown that forces are basic variables and that they have to be included in the definitions of mechanical systems.


'Jingzaohong'is a new apricot cultivar bred from the cross'Dapiantou'בHonghebao'. The fruit is heart-shaped with the ground color of yellow and some flush in the surface. The average fruit weight is 48 g,and the maximum is 56 g. The flesh is yellow with medium amount of juice,fine texture and aroma. The flavour is sweet and moderately sour. The soluble solids,titratable acidity,reducing sugar and protein content account for 13.3%,1.86%,1.62% and 0.84%,respectively. The vitamin C content is 108.4 mg · kg-1. The fruit development period is about 65 d.'Jingzaohong'is characterized by high yield,sunburn resistance and high comprehensive quality. This early-ripening cultivar can fill the gap between very early maturity varieties and medium maturity varieties.


Compression technologies are in use almost everywhere for efficient storage and transmission of audio signals. An ever-growing array of applications and devices must incorporate coding and decoding operations, and research on improved coding efficiency and flexibility is of continuing interest. The engineer working to implement or enhance an existing audio codec or the researcher working toward codec improvements needs to understand a wide range of underlying concepts including filter banks and transforms, quantization schemes, entropy coding, psychoacoustic models, and so on. As of yet, achieving a working knowledge of the fundamental background technologies has required a considerable synthesis effort. Introduction to Digital Audio Coding and Standards by Marina Bosi and Richard Goldberg compiles these ideas for the first time in one reference. For audio codec research and development, it would be invaluable to have one cohesive volume to serve as a foundation or even a replacement for a handful of textbooks, stacks of papers from various journals, and countless standards documents. The new text by Bosi and Goldberg provides an excellent foundation and companion to the advanced literature and standards documentation. In the few areas where it doesn't serve as a complete replacement, the text clearly indicates appropriate references. The authors divided the book into two distinct parts. The first part explores the foundations and building blocks of modern audio codecs:


Plastic pollution has caused numerous environmental issues in recent decades. As one of the most commonly used packaging materials, aluminum‐plastic laminates (APL) are particularly challenging for recycling purposes due to their sophisticated materials components. This work reveals a new strategy to upcycle such post‐consumer APL packaging waste, e.g., chips‐bags, for passive daytime cooling applications. This opens an attractive route to reuse APLs while at the same time reducing global energy consumption and carbon emissions. The mirror‐like appearance of the APLs possesses a strong solar reflection, up to 86%. By coating, this reflective layer of the APL waste with a high emissive polydimethylsiloxane layer, a simple but effective passive daytime cooling foil is constructed, which shows promising passive cooling performance theoretically and practically. More importantly, the passive cooling foil based on APL waste is flexible and can be applied to any target object, protecting it from harsh sunlight. The low‐cost APL waste‐based passive cooling foil proposed in this work will significantly contribute to both energy and environmental issues that humans face today.


This paper presents the decomposition method for solution of the fractional Black-Scholes equa- tion with boundary condition for a European option pricing problem. Undoubtedly this model is the most well known model for pricing financial derivatives. This method finds the analytical solution without any dis- cretization or additive assumption. The numerical method has been applied in the form of convergent power series with easily computable components, to solve the fractional Black-Scholes equations.


This prospective study evaluated the incidence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) during infancy, on their own or combined with other symptoms.


Acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality and disability not only in the Russian Federation, but throughout the world. Various movement disorders often occur after ACVA. Recently, there has been a significant amount of interest in high-tech hardware rehabilitation methods, which can be introduced into standard recovery programs for post-stroke rehabilitation of patients with motor disorders. These methods maximize the neuroplasticity processes, ensure active involvement of patients and high-intensity trainings during various recovery periods, reducing healthcare personnel burdens. Brain-computer neural interfaces for rehabilitation and improving patients' quality of life is a promising and rapidly developing trend. The paper describes the modern pathophysiological picture of post-stroke motor disorder development, neuroplasticity mechanisms and motor rehabilitation effects. Great attention is paid to brain-computer neural interfaces as a means of patient-hardware communication. Technological devices make such communication possible as they use signals of human brain activity, and the patient receives feedback in the form of visual or tactile information. The paper presents current data on the possibilities of this technology in the post-stroke rehabilitation of patients with motor disorders. The authors describe the results of the studies conducted with the help of brain-computer neural interfaces. The theoretical and clinical efficacy of this technology was determined. Keywords: neuroplasticity, rehabilitation, motor disorders, stroke, brain-computer interface.


Thermoplastic foaming within a mold cavity was visualized as it was conducted in an 85-ton core-back injection-molding machine. The core-back molding process moved a section of the mold just after injecting a molten polymer into the cavity, quickly reducing the pressure to enhance the bubble nucleation. The foaming behavior during core-back was observed directly through the glass windows of the mold. In the experiments, impact copolymer polypropylene was foamed with carbon dioxide. The effects of the gas concentration and the core-back rate on bubble nucleation and growth were investigated. It was experimentally confirmed that the bubbles disappeared when the cavity was fully packed and that bubble nucleation occurred when the mold plate was moved and the cavity pressure dropped. Faster core-back rates and higher gas concentrations increased the number of bubbles while decreasing their size. To analyze the experimental results, a bubble nucleation and growth model was employed that was based on batch foaming. The numerical results were a reasonable representation of the experiments, and this study demonstrated the applicability of the conventional free foaming model to the industrial core-back molding process. Many aspects of the foaming in the core-back molding aresimilar to the behaviors observed by batch foaming. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers


Objective
To explore the febrile response and placental pathological inflammation of pregnant rats exposed to intrauterine infection in late gestation.

Methods
Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats at gestational day 18 were randomly divided into control group and intrauterine–infected group with six rats in each. The intrauterine–infected group was intraperitoneally injected with 350 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide to establish a rat model of intrauterine infection, while the control group was injected with sterile saline of the same dose. Core temperature was measured every 1 h after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide or saline for 8 h. At gestational day 19, after anesthesia, the placentas were taken and stained with HE. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor–α, interleukin–6, and interleukin–1β in the placenta were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Student t test was used for statistical analysis.

Results
(1) There was no temperature difference between the two groups before experimental treatment (P>0.05). Core temperature was increased 1 h after the lipopolysaccharide injection, reaching (37.67±0.08) ℃. The increase of temperature was significant compared with the control group [(37.13±0.08) ℃, t=10.178, P<0.01] . Fever was lowered 2 h later and the rats became hypothermic with body temperature below 37 ℃ in the intrauterine–infected group. The body temperature in the intrauterine–infected group after 2–6 h was (37.70±0.10), (37.23±0.05), (36.57±0.06), (36.60±0.10) and (36.57±0.08) ℃, respectively, compared with the control group [(36.83±0.12), (36.63±0.12), (36.71±0.07), (36.87±0.12), and (36.77±0.08) ℃, respectively], the differences being all statistically significant (t=11.402, 11.163, –4.025, –4.000 and –4.243, all P<0.01). (2) HE staining revealed large amounts of neutrophils infiltration, vascular enlargement and congestion in the placenta of the intrauterine–infected rats. No inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the control placentas. (3) The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor–α [(0.62±0.02) ng/g], interleukin–6 [(66.12±5.11) ng/g], and interleukin–1β [(7.09±1.23) ng/g] in the intrauterine–infected group were higher than those in the control group [(0.27±0.01), (16.71±1.55) and (2.86±0.38) ng/g, respectively]. The differences were all statistically significant (t=–26.608, –18.749 and –5.714, all P<0.01).

Conclusion
After exposure to lipopolysaccharide in late gestation, pregnant rats show significant inflammatory response in the placenta, with suppression of febrile response and presence of hypothermia.

Key words:
Pregnancy complications, infectious; Fever; Hypothermia; Placenta; Cytokines; Pregnancy trimester, third; Lipopolysaccharides; Disease models, animal


. Indonesia boasts a wealth of local arts and culture, which is distributed throughout the nation and serves as a valuable legacy that must be preserved. This study aims to create a social media-based cultural community model that connects stakeholders involved in promoting culture, including the government, cultural communities


One of the aims of the tracer study is to obtain information about the early careers of alumni, so that some of the questions on the questionnaire need to be explored further. The question items discussed were length of study, length of time to get the first job, field of work, total income, alumni's perception of the closeness of the field of study to work, and the suitability of education level on the job, and taking into account gender and average level of competence. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between these variables in the 2020 tracer study data from alumni of 4 science fields at FMIPA and FKIP Unsri. The method used is descriptive statistics and simple correspondence analysis. Almost all respondents from both faculties stated that the suitability of the level of education with the field of work was at the same level. In respondents from both faculties, there is a significant relationship between respondents' perceptions of the closeness of their field of study with their field of work. The average total income of FMIPA respondents is higher than that of FKIP respondents. FMIPA respondents who stated that their field of study was "less close" to their field of work had a high total income and their field of work was self-employed. FKIP respondents who had a length of time to get their first job of less than 3 months (even before graduating) tended to have a length of study of 4 years and their field of work was in government/BUMN and private institutions. The respondents have the perception that their field of study are "very close" to their field of work. Keywords : tracer study, field of work, first job, Unsri alumni, correspondence analysis


Cotoneaster is a plant from Rosaceae family and produces a sugary secretion (manna). Manna is the most important constituent of species of this plant. Manna consists of different types of carbohydrates, and other phytochemicals. Sugar characterization, including reducing sugar was assayed by cupric/sodium carbonate spectrophotometric method. In addition, the composition of individual sugars was also determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a refraction index (RI) detector, with mannitol being the most abundant sugar. Also, amount of essential microelements was determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Finally, total flavonoid content in all Cotoneaster species was determined using the aluminum chloride method. According to HPLC-RI data, C. nummularioides manna has a high percentage of mannitol (88.69±0.05) and low amount of sucrose (5.37±0.01). Total reducing sugar of the C. discolor is the lowest and in C. nummularius is the highest among all mannas. The study shows differences in sugar profile, essential microelements, and total flavonoid content. Mannas from Cotoneaster species have different carbohydrate profiles and other phytochemicals and have different pharmacologic effects for these compounds. INTRODUCTION: The Rosaceae family is flowering plants and has about 90 genera and 3000 species. This family has cosmopolitan distribution, but has been grown almost in the Northern Hemisphere in regions that are not desert. One of the Rosaceae genus with high pharmaceutically and therapeutically potencies is Cotoneaster. 1, 2 QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.8(12).5360-66 Article can be accessed online on: www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.8 (12).5360-66 More than 460 species of Cotoneaster exist worldwide; however, less than 20 species grown in Iran and some have been comprehensively evaluated, completely. The spatial distribution of Cotoneaster species grown in Iran, differ. For example, C. suavis, C. nummularioides, C. nummularius and C. discolor are grown in the Khorasan, Alborz, Golestan and Mazandaran provinces, respectively. 2, 3 Cotoneaster plants have very similar morphologies: Therefore, distinguishing between species is very difficult. However, few morphological characteristics are valuable for identifying Cotoneaster species. 4


TiO 2 photocatalyst was considered the most application prospect because of its nontoxicity,chemical stability, inexpensiveness and non-secondary pollution at present,but the wide band gap width and low quantum conversion efficiency limit its practical application. It was the research hot spot that modifying TiO 2 in order to improve its photocatalytic activity and absorbability invisible light irradiation. This review deals with the working mechanism and the influences to the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 modification by doping S single and co-doping with other ions. Moreover,the main progress at home and abroad and the existing problems are all summarized.


The invention discloses a pipeline beneficial to oil delivery. The pipeline beneficial to oil delivery comprises a strip-shaped pipeline body. A pair of L-shaped protrusions is arranged in the pipeline body. The pipeline beneficial to oil delivery is scientific in design and simple in structure, the flowing speed of lubricating oil is increased through the L-shaped protrusions, and thus the delivery efficiency is improved.


The current study reviews the authors' recent institutional experience in the treatment of osteosarcoma of the head and neck (OSHN).


A systematic approach to IC development is presented with a life cycle model. The new product development process is broken down into three major phases and their constituent sub-phases. Key decision check points throughout the development process are identified. The responsibility and skill set for IC development project management are discussed. A case study is used to illustrate interaction between two projects with partial shared resources. Output of a management software tool is used to show how a project is planned, scheduled, and managed.


In aquatic environments, small eukaryotes (mainly algae and protozoa of 1 to 5 µm in size) are a key link in the carbon transfer to higher trophic levels, e.g. through primary production and grazing of picoplankton. However, the diversity of these microorganisms remains poorly investi- gated in freshwater habitats, and is still unknown in tropical aquatic systems. In this study, we inves- tigated the small-eukaryote diversity in the oligotrophic Lake Tanganyika, one of the African Great Lakes, at different depths in the water column using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and gene clone libraries based on 18S rRNA genes. Each sample produced complex DGGE finger- prints clearly discriminating the epilimnion from the metalimnion. Analysis, using genetic libraries, confirmed the high level of small-eukaryote diversity in Lake Tanganyika. Organisms from 5 taxo- nomic groups (Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Cryptophyta, Kinetoplastea and Choanoflagellida) were dominant among the species detected. Some sequences were nearly identical to those recovered in temperate freshwaters in North America and Europe, suggesting a high dispersal ability in some small-eukaryote lineages. However, 49% of sequences were <95% similar to any sequence in Gen- Bank. This may result from undersampling of freshwater systems, but also raises the possibility that perennially warm tropical waters harbour particular assemblages of planktonic small eukaryotes.


The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using electric fields as a method for to inhibit the formation of paraffin deposits in the production and transport of paraffinic crude oils. a capillary viscometer was designed and constructed, and then adapted to an electric field generator. This experimental setup allowed generating electric fields of different amplitudes. Capillaries tubes of different diameters were used in order to obtain different exposures times of the oil to the electric field. The variables used to quantify the effect of the electric field on the oil were the mass flow, viscosity, cloud point, and pour point. The experimental data shows that the application of the electric field to oil from Colorado 67 and Colorado 36 wells resulted in an increase of viscosity, cloud point, and pour point. These results suggest that exposure of oil to the electric field accelerates the precipitation process of organics and therefore it is not recommended for implementation in the studied wells.


Databases have been an integral component of Data Fusion from the outset when the JDL model was introduced. As advances in High-Level fusion using Multi-Int data have been made, the original concept of databases as a static repository of Level 0/1 content has evolved to support heterogeneous data, and as a necessary enabler of High-Level fusion processes. Relatively recent database technologies now support specialized storage for complex content such as multi-media, geospatial, and semantic data types. Additionally, database functionality has been extended from what was once almost exclusively storage and retrieval, to include integrated forensic and predictive algorithms, as well as decision support frameworks such as the data cube. These data mining capabilities provide a rich tool-set from which to tailor a fusion application. However, due to their inherent trade-off space, they present a significant design and integration challenge when implementing an enterprise architecture, which has to provide a comprehensive and cohesive framework across the entire fusion workflow, and which has to meet the needs of various Communities-of-Interest. This paper expounds on the role of data architecture as a key discipline to help analyze and synthesize an enterprise fusion system-of-systems, and presents selected principles to maximize heterogeneous data exploitation.


CSR conceptions and practices which have been developing in the management world until very recently correspond mainly to defensive or reactive strategies of firms vis-a-vis their stakeholders. Nonetheless, even in light of the challenges posed by today's economic and financial crisis, the present period can be an exceptionally fertile moment to move beyond this adaptive approach and to realize a more advanced view of the social dimension of business as sustainable innovation based on the valorization of "context" needs and resources. Drawing on the results of an empirical research conducted on a diverse sample of Italian organizations, in particular the article identifies and discusses three distinctive conditions which seem to underpin the capacity to generate economic value in a way that also creates social value: the balance between cultural embeddedness and exploration; the tendency to expand in the context and, at the same time, to include it; and human resource practices establishing a virtuous link between citizenship behaviours in and of the firm. In conclusion, by representing the practice of organizational sustainability in terms not only of social responsibility but also as key ingredient of a firm's competitiveness, the analysis suggests a wider-ranging perspective on the strategic implications of CSR.


Students and community members are protesting a 32% fee increase by the UC system. The sign translates to "Struggle! Don't be Afraid!".


Kelly said that human people are scientists, who experiment and forecast. Kelly set up a model of dichotomy thinking. He believed that the causes of psychological problem are existing in personal constructs and their using. Psychological diagnosis must relate to 5 aspects: symbol, pole of construct range of construct, station of construct and development of construct. There are 7 problems of diagnosis. They are anxiety, threat, fear, aggression, guiltiness and hostility.


The heat capacity of Sc x Ti 1−x Fe 2 was investigated in the temperature range from 2 to 300 K. The concentration dependences of the temperature coefficient of electronic heat capacity, the Debye temperature, and the Schottky-type contribution associated with the structural instability of the sample were investigated. For the alloys intermediate in composition between ferromagnetic ScFe 2 and antiferromagnetic TiF 2 , the magnetic phase diagram is discussed


We study the effect of photothermal fluctuations on squeezed states of light through the photo-refractive effect and thermal expansion in a degenerate optical parametric oscillator (OPO). We also discuss the effect of the photothermal noise in various cases and how to minimize its undesirable consequences. We find that the photothermal noise in the OPO introduces a significant amount of noise on phase squeezed beams, making them less than ideal for low-frequency applications such as gravitational wave (GW) interferometers, whereas amplitude squeezed beams are relatively immune to the photothermal noise and may represent the best choice for application in GW interferometers.


Purpose: Generalizations can be made about the order in which speech sounds are added to a child's phonemic inventory and the ways that child speech deviates from adult targets in a given language. Developmental and disordered speech patterns are presumed to reflect differences in both phonological knowledge and skilled motor control, but the relative contribution of motor control remains unknown. The ability to differentially control anterior versus posterior regions of the tongue increases with age, and thus, complexity of tongue shapes is believed to reflect an individual's capacity for skilled motor control of speech structures.Method: The current study explored the relationship between tongue complexity and phonemic development in children (ages 4–6 years) with and without speech sound disorder producing various phonemes. Using established metrics of tongue complexity derived from ultrasound images, we tested whether tongue complexity incrementally increased with age in typical development, whether tongue complexity differed between children with and without speech sound disorder, and whether tongue complexity differed based on perceptually rated accuracy (correct vs. incorrect) for late-developing phonemes in both diagnostic groups.Results: Contrary to hypothesis, age was not significantly associated with tongue complexity in our typical child sample, with the exception of one association between age and complexity of /t/ for one measure. Phoneme was a significant predictor of tongue complexity, and typically developing children had more complex tongue shapes for /ɹ/ than children with speech sound disorder. Those /ɹ/ tokens that were rated as perceptually correct had higher tongue complexity than the incorrect tokens, independent of diagnostic classification.Conclusions: Quantification of tongue complexity can provide a window into articulatory patterns characterizing children's speech development, including differences that are perceptually covert. With the increasing availability of ultrasound imaging, these measures could help identify individuals with a prominent motor component to their speech sound disorder and could help match those individuals with a corresponding motor-based treatment approach.Supplemental Material S1. Complete participant evaluation scores. Supplemental Material S2. Plots of all scaled contours. Supplemental Material S3. Complete model outputs. Kabakoff, H., Harel, D., Tiede, M., Whalen, D. H., & McAllister, T. (2021). Extending ultrasound tongue shape complexity measures to speech development and disorders. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00537


The present study is an attempt to explore the relationship between selected personal, academic and socio-demographic characteristics of students studying different grades of secondary school level. The study revealed that the variables of Grade, Age, Income, Father's Occupation and Educational category of parents interact significantly with the level of participation in co-curricular activities among students. It was also found that variables of Sex, Type of school, Caste and Nature of permanent residence do not have a significant bearing on the level of participation in co-curricular activities in the specific population. It has been suggested that a search for the causative factors need to be directed towards psycho-social dimensions of home and school environment, show that facilitative or inhibitive factors may be identified.


This paper addresses the asymptotic behavior of optimal quantities in symmetric transshipment coalitions. First, we provide bounds for optimal quantities under general demand structure. Second, we ...


Background: Minimum number of endoscopic procedures must be done to maintain accreditation as an endoscopist.Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to look at the general distribution of endoscopic procedures amongst physician gastroenterologists and the surgeons in a sample district hospital of United Kingdom. It would then infer what impact this could have on the work force.Methods: Prospective study recruited all endoscopy done in a district general hospital of United Kingdom for 90 days.Results: Physicians had 30% less lists while Surgeons had 47.5% more lists according to the eligibility criterion of two lists per consultant per week.Conclusion: Predominance of surgeons doing procedures in endoscopy has a potential of having a direct impact on training of medical gastroenterologists, service delivery and recruitment. Authorities must find correct balance of medical and surgical lists in endoscopy for a cost effective and clinically effective service.


crystalline form I 2-methyl-4- (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl) -10H-thieno [2,3-b] [1,5] benzodiazepine characterized ray diffraction peaks in powder X values of d (interplanar space) of 9,94,8,53,8,19,6,86,6,35,5,47,4,83,4,71,4,53,4,22,4, 08,3,82,3,75,3,69,3,50,3,34,3,11,2,94,2,82,2,76,2,59,2,34,2,03, approximately 1.92; absorption bands at infraouge 1456,1365,905,757,662 & 604 cm-1 approximately and with a stable color under ambient storage conditions; and the method of its preparation comprising at least two repetitive steps of crystallization from one or several organic solvents, by dissolving 2-methyl-4- (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl) -10H-thieno [2,3- b] [1,5] benzodiazepine in said solvent and allowing the formation of crystallization; wherein in at least one step the solution is purified by treatment with a solid adsorbent material and filtration; and wherein in the last step the crystalline material is subjected to drying.


We achieved long-term engraftment of unmatched bone marrow (BM) in dogs without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) using a regimen of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) which could be applied clinically. Twelve normal adult mongrel dogs were given TLI in 18 fractions of 100 rad each (total dose, 1800 rad) over 4 weeks to mantle and abdominal fields in continuity. Nine of the 12 were transfused with one or two random donor whole blood transfusions during the irradiation regimen to determine the risk of sensitization after the onset of immunosuppression. A mean (+- SD) of 0.71 +- 0.54 x 10/sup 9/ BM cells/kg of recipient body weight from unrelated sex-mismatched donors was infused within 24 h of the 18th irradiation fraction. Engraftment was assessed by demonstration of donor-type sex chromosomes in spontaneous metaphase spreads of recipient marrow aspirates, and by the appearance of donor-type red blood cells antigens (DEA) in the recipients' blood. Three untransfused and nine transfused recipients were shown to be stable mixed BM chimeras during a followup period of 2 to 11 months after transplantation. Blood transfusion during TLI did not result in graft rejection. We observed no clinical signs of acute or chronic GVHD. TLI has minimal toxicity whenmore » compared with conditioning regimens currently used in BM transplantation for aplastic anemia. Potential advantages of the TLI regimen include the opportunity to use unmatched marrow donors and protection from GVHD.« less


Several studies on the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem have already incorporated the physical layer impairments in order to find the appropriate resources for establishing the lightpath. This approach has become known in the literature as impairment aware RWA (IA-RWA). Although it is a more realistic approach compared to the RWA, the conventional IA-RWA approach usually neglects the degradation caused by the establishment of a new lightpath in the others already established in the network. In this paper we adopted an IA-RWA approach that takes into account these degradations. From the perspective of this new approach, we conducted a performance evaluation study comparing some wavelength assignment algorithms known in the literature and a new algorithm proposed in this paper. Simulation results show that our algorithm outperforms all others evaluated.


We introduce a method for aggregation of experts' opinions given in the form of comparative linguistic expression. An algorithmic form of technique for order preference is proposed for group decision making. A simple example is given by using this method for the selection of the best alternative as well as ranking the alternatives from the best to the worst.


The development of readily available, highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is extremely significant to facilitate water splitting for the generation of clean hydrogen energy. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibit promising electrocatalytic performance for the OER. However, their electrical conductivity and active sites should be increased for the preparation of more effective OER electrocatalysts based on LDHs for large-scale applications. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and practical pathway for the hierarchical fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) porous sulphur incorporated NiCoFe LDH nanosheets (S-NiCoFe LDH) on carbon cloth (CC). The as-obtained hierarchically structured S-NiCoFe LDH electrode shows superb electrocatalytic activity and stability for the OER, requiring overpotentials as low as 206 mV and 258 mV to achieve current densities of 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH solution, respectively, making S-NiCoFe LDH one of the most efficient low-cost electrocatalysts for the OER. The enhanced electrocatalytic performance is attributed to the unique 3D hierarchical nanostructure and sulphur doping, which endow the self-supported S-NiCoFe LDH electrode with abundant active sites and superb electrical conductivity. The strategy expands the possibilities for boosting the catalytic activity of LDH-based OER electrocatalysts.


Section 1: Franchising - A Conceptual Overview 1. Franchising as an Entrepreneurial Venture Form 2. Colas, Burgers, Shakes and Shirkers: Towards a Sociological Model of Franchising in the Market Economy Section 2: Franchising As An Organisational Form 3. The Theory of the Firm and the Structure of the Franchise Contract 4. The Choice of Organizational Form: The Case of Franchising 5. Franchising: Firms, Markets and Intangible Assets 6. Power in a Channel of Distribution: Sources and Consequences Section 3: Survival and Growth Rates In Franchising 7. Franchising: Promises, Problems, Prospects 8. Survival Patterns Among Newcomers to Franchising 9. Franchising Growth and Franchisor Entry and Exit in the US Market: Myth and Reality 10. Towards a Model of Franchise System Development Section 4: The Ownership-Redirection Debate 11. Will Successful Franchise Systems Ultimately Become Wholly-Owned Chains? 12. Competative Advantage Variation over the Life Cycle of a Franchise 13. What we know about Ownership Redirection in Franchising: A Meta-analysis


This study aims to analyze the influence of the internal auditor professionalism and experience of the auditor to the management of enterprise risk management effectiveness. The factors examined in this study is the professionalism of internal auditors and auditor experience as the independent variable. While the effectiveness of the management of enterprise risk management as the dependent variable. The population of internal auditors in PT Enseval Son Megatrading Tbk. Sample selection technique is a technique probabilty sampling with simple random sampling method, the number of 38 respondents in the study of the internal audit of the entire branch office representative PT Enseval Son Megatrading Tbk. While the methods of analysis used in this study is a multiple linear regression analysis at a significance level of 5 %. The program used to analyze the data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Ver. 19.00. The test results show that the partial hypothesis professionalism of internal auditors and auditor experience shows that there is a significant influence on the effectiveness of the management of enterprise risk management. While simultaneously or together these two variables also showed a significant influence on the effectiveness of the management of enterprise risk management.


In this article, a summary is made on the basic steps of the first six teams in the first national "Big Impression Beauty of Youth" fitness aerobics match, an analysis is made also into their layout characteristics as well as the kinds of basic steps and their deformed movements, aiming for analyzing the characteristics and development tendency of mass aerobics matches to offer guidance and reference for days to come.


The aim of the research is to contribute to the experimentation of methodologies for cost effectiveness and economic sustainability assessment concerning investments in agri-food sector, and testing the applicability of the method to supply chains of minor produces. Elaborations have been made integrating Life Cycle Costing (LCC) methodology, that allows to analyse in detail outflows linked to every phase of lifespan investment (planning, implementation, management and disposal), and financial analysis through specific indicators consenting to formulate evaluations of economic sustainability. Results show that the integration of these methodologies can be a useful tool to support investment choices, but also to improve management performances, from an economic perspective, of actors operating in supply chains of minor produces. The application to the case study highlights how integrated LCC methods can be exported and applied to similar supply chains.


The article is about charitable foundation's work to help starving people in Orenburg region during 1891 year. The author studies the work of different charitable foundations in each district, their methods and results. The question of people's attitude to charity is also mentioned.


General consideration concerning abandonment and rehabilitation of tailings and sludges storages are discussed. Attention is paid to their geotechnical and revegetation aspects. As an example, effects of the revegetation measures of Gilow tailings storage in Poland are presented.


Traditional wireless video transmission scheme faces a cliff-edge effect, a rapid decline in signal quality, when dealing with mobile and broadcast scenarios, which is unaccepted in industrial network. SoftCast is a novel solution which can overcome the cliff-edge effect. In order to solve the traditional wireless video transmission scheme's weakness and meet the terminals' demands. We use a DSP with independent property rights and dedicated hardware accelerators to implement a reconfigurable SoC for SoftCast video transmission solution named Reconfigurable SoftCast SoC (RSS).


This work aimed to identify cognitive skills associated with flight planning, suggest which skills might be susceptible to skill degradation, and investigate the effects of cognitive skill degradation over time. Information automation systems offload cognitive tasks to reduce workload and error. However, the same phenomena seen with physical skill degradation in highly automated aircrafts may also occur when automating cognitive tasks. Two studies were conducted. An applied cognitive task analysis identified cognitive skills in flight planning. An empirical evaluation examined whether some of those skills were susceptible to cognitive skill degradation over time when using automation. Participants were placed into three groups. After conducting a flight planning task manually, groups differed in the next three practice trials: manual, alternating between manual and automation, or only with automation. Finally, all groups conducted the task manually again. Trials were separated by 2 weeks. The automation group showed the most performance degradation and highest workload, while the manual group showed the least performance degradation and least workload. Automation use did not provide the practice needed to mitigate cognitive skill degradation. Analysis of the impacts of information automation on cognitive performance is a first step in understanding the root causes of errors and developing mitigations.


Aluminium alloy 7075 T6 weld joints having size of plates 125 mm ×100 mm × 10 mm studied to investigate the effects of process parameters on the mechanical properties of gas metal arc welding. The process parameters like current (A), gas flow rate (G), welding speed (S), wire feed rate (F) & shielding gas are affecting the properties of weldment. This experimental analysis aims at to predict bead geometry, mechanical properties and temperature study for selection of process parameter. The heat flows during welding process controls the grain size and affects the properties of the weldment. The temperature distribution playing very important role in changing properties of weld joint. The transient thermal analysis gives temperature & residual stress distribution at different conduction and convection conditions.


one of the earliest open access journals, published since 1996, and has been engaged in national and international activities promoting the open availability of scientific research results on the web, most recently as a board member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association. He has published several peer-reviewed articles concerning OA in JASIST and other publications. He can be reached at bochrister.bjork<at>hanken.fi. Patrik Paetau is associate professor of information systems science at the Vasa campus of the Hanken School of Economics. His research interests concern development methods for information systems. He can be reached at patrik.paetau<at>hanken.fi. I n the last decade and a half the World Wide Web has revolutionized scientific journal publishing. But despite the fact that all major publishers are today publishing electronic versions in parallel with the paper issues, not all the potential of the web for efficient knowledge transfer has been used. Open access (OA) means the free unrestricted access to scientific publications and data in electronic format on the Internet. OA is related to a number of rather similar phenomena that have emerged with the Internet such as open source, open content, peer production and social media. A very important feature distinguishing the scientific journal domain of OA from that of other publishing industries such as film, music or books is that scientific knowledge is a public good produced mainly with public funding and that the authors who produce scientific information usually do not get any monetary rewards in the form of sales royalties. Hence from the content providers' (the authors' and reviewers') viewpoint there is no problem with potential piracy; on the contrary as wide a dissemination of the articles as possible is desirable. The label " open access " was coined at a meeting in Budapest in 2002, but the concept has existed since the earliest days of the World Wide Web. As soon as the web emerged, many scientists rapidly saw its potential for making the sharing of scientific information, in particular peer-reviewed journal articles, more efficient. The first successful OA implementation, the arXiv repository for preprints in high-energy physics and related fields (http://arxiv.org), now housing more than 600,000 " papers, " was in fact started already in 1991. The earliest peer-reviewed OA journals started to appear via list servers around the same time, and early fully web-based journals include some still-existing publications such as First Monday (http://firstmonday.org), which has published research …


The Penjom Gold Mine is one of the world's worst preg-robbing gold ores, yielding very low recoveries from traditional CIL methods. Gold recovery from the cyclone underflow was targeted to recover as much gold as possible in the absence of the fine preg-robbing carbon. Gold is recovered by intensive cyanidation and tabling of a gold concentrate produced by gravity from the cyclone underflow. The circuit was designed together with Gekko Systems and uses their InLine Pressure Jig and InLine Leach Reactor technology to reject the preg-robbing carbonaceous material and obtain high recoveries from the gravity concentrate before over grinding the carbon and sulphides. The gravity and intensive cyanidation circuit now recovers almost 50% of gold in new mill feed, with unit recovery in intensive cyanidation of up to 90%, the highest unit recovery in the plant. Operating costs for the gravity and intensive cyanidation circuit are under US$2.50 per oz, while the cost to recover gold from the cyclone overflow is ~US$200 per oz. (not including common costs of milling, stripping and electrowinning).


Objective To observe the effect of azithromycin treatment to children respiration infection and validating the quality and efficiency of azithromycin produced by two factories.Methods Comparing with two groups,one is used as a standard group,the other is the counterpart(treatment group).The drugs produced by Dalian Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Limited and Jumpcan Pharmaceutical CO.Ltd respectively.There were 128 cases in the standard group and 124 cases in the treatment group at the random.Results Testifying by clinical practice two groups have the same effective to children respiration infection but the standard group has lower side-effective than the counter group(the ratio of former group is only 4.8%,the later is about 9.4%).Conclusions Through clinical practice,two drugs produced by different factories(import combined factory and domestic factory)have the same efficiency and the later has lower price and can be used in clinic widely.


PURPOSE: To wash and sterilize a thermally weak and easily corrosive apparatus for a short time by bringing a surface to be treated into contact with a washing sterilization solution and heating, and then rinsing with water and drying with warm wind. CONSTITUTION: A surface to be treated is brought into contact with a washing sterilization solution of pH6-8. The washing sterilization solution contains a low foaming nonionic surface active agent, a protein decomposition enzyme, a complexing agent, formaldehyde, an aldehyde selected from groups comprising 2-8C aliphatic dialdehydes, another standard detargent, and a sterilization component. Then, the washing sterilization solution is heated to 55-65 deg.C and is kept at that temperature for 1-15min. On next, the surface to be treated is rinsed at least twice with heated water at 55-65 deg.C and dried with heated wind at 40-60 deg.C.


Arranging the achievement of the shear strength test of rock and choosing parameter are the most im- portant works of the project"research of classification and mechanical character of the rock in dam site".In this part,the rock quality classification in dam site and the mating system of shear strength parameter have been set by the ways of analysing the character of shear strength of structual surface,comparing the strength characteristic points, choosing the arrangement way,arranging the achievement,studying the standard value and choosing suggested param- eter to guarantee the safety of the construction and the reality of the design in complex geological conditions.


Produment analysis is the key link of reducing production cost.Taking the purchasing supply as an example,the article talks about the importance of purchasing analysis in enterprise operation,and some key points to be noted in the supplying chain.


Africa's share of foreign direct investment (FDI) has lagged behind other regions in the world, despite a sharp increase in FDI inflows to the region in 2001. Factors contributing to this circumstance include perceptions of high corruption, weak governance and poor infrastructure. The motivation of this paper is to investigate the impact of openness to trade on the FDI inflow to Africa. In addition to economy-wide trade openness, we also analyse the impact on FDI of openness in manufactured goods, primary commodities and services. The empirical work uses cross-country data from selected African countries observed over four periods: 1980-1985, 1985-1990, 19901995 and 1995-2001. We find that the FDI to GDP ratio responds well to increased openness in the whole economy and in the services sector in particular. JEL F11, 41


To create the fuzzy logic rules,then the fuzzy control algorithm is introduced to the neural network,making mobile robot is more rapid response ability and to achieve a robot.Laboratory simulation proves a fuzzy neural network in mobile robot path choice of intelligence.


Manipulation of cis (4S,5S)-4,5-disubstituted 2-oxazolidinones (4, 5), derived easily from D-glucosamine (1) as a chiral pool, including degradation of the C6-carbon and/or one-carbon homologation at the C1-position allowed chiral syntheses of (2S,3S)-dihydroxy-(4S)-amino acid moieties (6-8), which are important structural components of a gastroprotective substance, A1-77-B, and a group of antitumor substances, calyculins.


An experimental investigation was made to characterize and evaluate the high-temperature performance and self -generating protective oxide coating of three J T graphite composites. The effects of preoxidation on the tensile and compressive strength of J T graphite composite specimens tested at room temperature are shown. Static oxidation tests at temperatures up to 1760° K at 1 atmosphere (101 kN/m2) and at 1925' K at 1 x 10- 6 torr (0.1 mN/m2) were performed to observe coating formation. Tests made in air, nitrogen, and air-nitrogen mixtures in subsonic and supersonic gas streams produced front-face surface temperatures up to 3000° K. A coating study was made with X-ray diffraction to identify the composition of the composites produced under various atmospheres, pressures, and temperatures. is discussed.


1. A method of stimulating osteogenesis in osteodistraktsii procedure where stimulation of osteogenesis comprises: applying an effective amount of a composition comprising platelet-derived growth factor solution (PDGF), which is in the biocompatible matrix, in the area of bone distraction,! where PDGF comprises PDGF solution in a buffer; ! where PDGF is present in solution at a concentration which is within the range from about 0.01 mg / ml to about 10 mg / ml; ! wherein the biocompatible matrix is: (i) consists of porous calcium phosphate, (ii) consists of a porous collagen and a calcium phosphate, (iii) consists of the allograft, (iv) consists of collagen, allograft, or (v) consists of collagen! where calcium phosphate or allograft contain interconnecting pores, and! where calcium phosphate or allograft consist of particles having a size in the range from about 100 microns to about 5000 microns. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is used in osteodistraktsii procedure during the distraction phase. ! 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is used in the procedure osteodistraktsii during the consolidation phase. ! 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is applied during the distraction phase and osteodistraktsii and consolidation procedure. ! 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises accelerating bone consolidation after osteodistraktsii. ! 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is used in ostedistraktsii site at least twice. ! 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the biocompatible matrix comprises a porous calcium phosphate. ! 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the composition can be administered by injection. ! 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the calcium phosphate comprises β-TCP. ! 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the porosity of the phosphate kal


Six years after the Council of Trent the first of several synods assembled in the archiepiscopal province of Salzburg. How were the decisions of Trent being received, and what factors determined the extent of their implementation? Winkler answers these questions by demonstrating that new political realities and conceptions of the state were often determining factors. Thus, forces for religious renewal often found their efforts neutralized by political factors. On 14 March 1569 the Salzburg synod began its formal sessions. Early in the deliberations, participants found that extensive gravamina would have to be addressed. Lists of grievances came from numerous chapters, parish priests and other sources, and addressed a wide range of problems: intrusion of temporal authorities into arenas claimed by the church, attempts by the duke of Bavaria to be both "pope and bishop," failure of landowners to meet financial obligations to the church, failure of political authorities to move resolutely against "heretics," appointment of officials on the basis of their loyalty to temporal authority and without adequate religious screening, adoption of practices designed to accommodate Lutherans, sporadic ecclesiastical discipline, and others.


The compliance control of Lung Tuberculosis patients to Poli Paru is influenced by several factors one of which is the Hospital environmental factors (doctors, nurses, midwives, and other health teams). Nurses are a profession very close to patients, one of the approaches used by nurses is the role of the nurse as an Educator. The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between the role of the Nurse Educator with the compliance control of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Medika Mulia Hospital, Tuban. The method used in this research was the correlation analytic method with a cross-sectional research design. The research in this study involved 66 pulmonary TB patients in Pulmonary Medika Mulia Hospital of Tuban with the determination of the sample using a systematic random sampling method. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire using Spearman rho test data analysis. From the results of the analysis obtained data with a significance value of 0.003 (p <0.05) which means there was a positive relationship between the role of Educator nurses with compliance with Lung Tuberculosis patient compliance. Therefore, HI was accepted, namely the close relationship between the role of the Educator nurse and the compliance control of Lung Tuberculosis patients in the Pulmonary Poli Medika Mulia Hospital, Tuban. The results of this study provided input to nurses in the development of nursing knowledge, specifically the role of nurses as educators in the Pulmonary Poli Medika Mulia Hospital of Tuban to improve control compliance in pulmonary TB patients.


This paper analyzed the key points that need to be considered during the application of IEEE 1588v2 on MSTP and WDM optical network.And based on the typical scenarios of the network,this paper proposed the time synchronization solutions for different scenarios.Through the performance test result of different scenarios,the paper analyzed the feasibility of the solutions.


One of the sexual harassment experienced by the husband is premature ejaculation. This disorders can distrub the harmonisation of husband-wife relationship because one is experiencing premature ejaculation cannot give sexual satisfaction to his wife. Thus, the purpose of marriage is to establish sakinah, mawaddah and mercy familiy will not be realized due to unpay of the rights and obligations. In the Compilation of Islamic Law, premature ejaculation is included as the reason for wife to ask divorce, in Islamic term it called 'khulu'. While the Shafi's mazhab, premature ejaculation can be as a reason to give fasakh. Although, 'khulu " and 'fasakh" are icluded as the reasons for divorce , but both have different legal effects. In the hadith of 'khulu', it was said that 'khulu' does not do due to unperfect husband to fulfill the sexual need of wife or husbund leave his obligations. It is more ampasize on un pleasuare wife toward the husband which will ditrub the harmonisation in the household.


Obscured AGNs provide an opportunity to study the material surrounding the central engine. Geometric and physical constraints on the absorber can be deduced from the reprocessed AGN emission. In particular, the obscuring gas may reprocess the nuclear X-ray emission producing a narrow Fe K$\alpha$ line and a Compton reflection hump. In recent years, models of the X-ray reflection from an obscuring torus have been computed; however, although the reflecting gas may be dusty, the models do not yet take into account the effects of dust on the predicted spectrum. We study this problem by analyzing two sets of models, with and without the presence of dust, using the one dimensional photo-ionization code Cloudy. The calculations are performed for a range of column densities ($22 <{\rm log}[N_H(\rm cm^{-2})]< 24.5$ ) and hydrogen densities ( $6 <{\rm log}[n_H(\rm cm^{-3})]< 8$). The calculations show the presence of dust can enhance the Fe K$\alpha$ equivalent width (EW) in the reflected spectrum by factors up to $\approx$ 8 for Compton thick (CT) gas and a typical ISM grain size distribution. The enhancement in EW with respect to the reflection continuum is due to the reduction in the reflected continuum intensity caused by the anisotropic scattering behaviour of dust grains. This effect will be most relevant for reflection from distant, predominately neutral gas, and is a possible explanation for AGNs which show a strong Fe K$\alpha$ EW and a relatively weak reflection continuum. Our results show it is an important to take into account dust while modeling the X-ray reflection spectrum, and that inferring a CT column density from an observed Fe K$\alpha$ EW may not always be valid. Multi-dimensional models are needed to fully explore the magnitude of the effect.


The current study investigates phonological involvement in Japanese word recognition by advanced and intermediate Chinese learners. A homophonic, semantic and unrelated (control) primed lexical decision task was used to test the participants' reactions times (RTs) and accuracy scores. Only the RTs of the participants' accurate YES responses in the lexical decision task (yes/no) were used as dependent measures for evaluation. The results showed that there were no significant effects on priming types as well as proficiency levels. An analysis of the interaction also indicated no effects between priming effects and groups. That is, both the advanced learners and the intermediate learners performed similarly with all prime types. These results support the claim that the Universal Phonological Principle does not apply to Chinese readers when they encounter Japanese Kanji as they do not activate phonological representations while reading Japanese cognates. The present findings constitute a partial explanation of the word recognition process for Chinese learners of Japanese.


The relative abundance of warm-water Discoaster brouweri vs. coolwater Coccolithus pelagicus provides a useful proxy for interpreting Pliocene surface water temperature trends at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1115 (Solomon Sea). Surface waters were mostly warm during the early Pliocene with a slightly cooler interval centered on 4.5 Ma. A more pronounced cool interval occurred at ~3.2 Ma. The early and midPliocene cool periods may reflect Antarctic glacial growth. A midPliocene warm interval occurred from ~3.1 to 2.8 Ma. Temperature began to decline beginning ~2.7 Ma, marking the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. This long-term decline in surface water temperature is interrupted by a brief warming event at ~2.3 Ma.


The purpose of this article is to analyze and explore the various uses of zerotolerance among youth in the United States. The authors illustrate the origin, goals, problems, and perceptions associated with this "crime-control measure" among youth within educational settings. ________________________________________________________________________


The ice-going capability and restrictions imposed on small vessels travelling in the ice of the Baltic Sea are studied. A large data set was obtained by interviewing ship operators about their experiences navigating through ice. All the main types of small vessels which operate in ice conditions are represented in the study: patrol boats, cutters, fairway supply vessels, coastal service ships, oil recovery vessels, cargo/supply ships and tugs. Interviews of ship operators were conducted by a questionnaire covering the topics of: vessel operation in different ice conditions; the main operational restrictions which apply; critical operation conditions; dimensioning of structures; and ice damage. During six of the visits, test runs were made in the vessel being visited. The report presents both the direct answers given by the ship operators and tables summarizing these answers. Published research work on full-scale and model tests of small vessels in ice conditions were collected. Tests conducted were found in the main to be performance tests in level ice, measurements of hull ice load, or measurements of propulsion machinery ice load. Ice test data from 14 small vessels is presented.


An environmental survey on vitamin D availability was conducted in a sample of supermarkets, and discount, high‐end and mega‐stores winter 2012‐13 in investigators' locales. A survey was developed and pilot‐tested to identify food items fortified or with naturally occurring vitamin D. Surveyors recorded each of these foods or added additional items or brands found. Among foods with vitamin D in Nutrition Facts labels (n=4567) cereals and dairy foods were the most frequently available vitamin D options (39.8% and 33%, respectively) Vitamin D quantities in foods per serving were mainly either 40 (or 10% RDI) or 100 International Units (43.3% of foods or 22.9%, respectively). Significant difference (p<0.001) was found in mean %RDI of vitamin D content of foods based on latitude above 41° (North 17.1%±8.3, South 16.0%±8.8). Mean vitamin D %RDI was significantly lower in megastores vs. other stores (15.5%±8.4 vs. 17.1%±8.7). Diverse food sources and fortification levels reinforce the need for consumers to check labels to foster adequate intake.


Purpose
The emergence of artificial intelligence technologies, like ChatGPT, has taken the world by storm, particularly in the education sector. This study aims to adopt the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology to explore how effort expectancy (EEC) and performance expectancy (PEE) individually, jointly, congruently and incongruently affect higher education students' intentions and actual uses of ChatGPT for their learning.

Design/methodology/approach
An advanced methodology – polynomial regression with response surface analysis – and a sample of 1,461 higher education students recruited in Vietnam through three-phase stratified random sampling approach were adopted to test developed hypotheses.

Findings
Both EEC and PEE were found to have a direct positive impact on the likelihood of higher education students' intention to use ChatGPT, which in turn promotes them actually use this tool for learning purposes. Conversely, a large incongruence between EEC and PEE will lower the level of intentions and actual uses of ChatGPT for learning. However, when there is a growing incongruence between EEC and PEE, either in a positive or negative direction, the likelihood of students' intentions to use ChatGPT for learning decreases.

Practical implications
Some practical implications are subsequently recommended to obtain advantages and address potential threats arising from the implementation of this novel technology in the education context.

Originality/value
This study shed the new light on the educational setting by testing how higher education students' intentions to use ChatGPT and subsequent actual uses of ChatGPT are synthesized from the balance between high EEC and PEE.


A student in bachelor thesis will focus on the issue of integration of foreigners into Czech society. The work describes how this process takes place and what it has pitfalls. It also focuses on the question of how this phenomenon reflects the majority of society. Research student implemented in the context of their practice by the Police of the Czech republic in Hradec Kralove.


A design procedure for integrated Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA) is presented. Two LNAs to be used in a LTE receiver are implemented by using this methodology for Band 20 and 2 (806 and 1960 MHz) in a hybrid technology combining a LTCC Ceramic process and a 180 nm CMOS commercial process. I. Introduction According to Friss's Formula for a System's total noise figure (NF), in RF receptors, the first stage has a crucial role (1)(2). This implies that the first amplifier should have a high gain, with a reduced NF. However, Power Matching and Minimal Noise Matching (according with the classical noise theory for two-port system (1)(2)) is incompatible. Thus, an alternative approach (3)-(5) is proposed, analyzed and implemented in this work. Specifications for the 806 and 1960 MHz LNAs are shown in Table I. TABLE I