Nowadays, there are many different methods for diagnosing cow' mammary gland diseases. This is a clinical examination of the general condition of the animal, organoleptic, physico-chemical, bacteriological research of the secretion of the mammary gland, radiological, ultrasound, laser, histological, cytological diagnostics, etc. Since all these methods in most cases are aimed at evaluating functional changes in the mammary gland and do not reflect the structural changes of the organ, so in the development of therapeutic and preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of pathological processes in the mammary gland in cows do not display information on pathomorphological changes in the tissues of mammary glands for mastitis of various forms. Histological diagnostics becomes an integral part of the clinical examination of animals in the activity of the doctor of veterinary medicine, because it allows taking into account the changes occurring in the tissues of the mammary gland, not only on the macroscopic, but also on the microscopic levels, which is especially important in differential diagnosis. Microscopic studies of biopsy revealed that normally the wall of the lacrimal alveolus consists of a single-layer cubic epithelium, a layer of myoepithelial (basintine) cells, a basement membrane and perialveolar connective tissue that contains numerous blood and lymphatic capillaries and nerve fibers. On the internal walls of the alveoli, there are secretory cells (lactoxytes) which, at different stages of their accumulation of secretion, or its separation into the lumen of the alveoli. The entire lumen of the alveoli is completely filled with a secret, which is rather intensely colored with eosin. In damaged alveoli, we detected the destruction of in situ lacticates, their excretion into the lumen with subsequent destruction there. In the destruction and removal of a small number of lacto-cysts in the lumen of the alveoli was a formed secret, in which an increased number of lactocytes and single neutrophils and lymphocytes were recorded. The given results indicate the pathohistological changes in cows' mammary gland tissues under the chronic form of the mastitis. The method can be used as one of the important tests in the differential diagnosis of mastitis, which makes it possible to carry out in-depth study of the structure of the mammary gland of cows for various types of pathology using the method of biopsy of tissues from the affected area and the histological examination of the biopsy. Histology, as the most important scientific instrument of biology and medicine, is the only way to detect pathological changes in the tissues of the mammary gland. That is why histology of breast pathology serves as the most accurate diagnostic method in veterinary medicine and helps to choose the most effective way of treatment.


The design of multi-storey buildings is a natural trend in the development of a modern metropolis. Obtaining exact solutions when studying their own and forced oscillations within the framework of a continuous homogeneous medium model (continuum mechanics) with an infinite number of degrees of freedom is often difficult to implement. Therefore, in the article (as part of the modernization of the finite element method), the model of a multi-storey building is discretized and endowed with a finite number of degrees of freedom placed in the middle of the finite elements at the nodes (the mass of finite elements is also placed there), which elastically interact with the finite elements of the model that do not have mass. It is believed that the elements of a multi-storey building work only for bending, which is fully justified by comparing the frequencies of its bending and longitudinal oscillations. The resolving system of differential equations of oscillations of a multi-storey building, in which expressions for energies (potential, kinetic and Rayleigh) are written in quadratures, is obtained using Lagrange equations of the second kind. In the article, the problems of free oscillations of 3- and 100-storey buildings are solved using Green's functions, stiffness, mass, compliance matrices, etc. The approximate results obtained in the article, when compared with the little-known approximate results obtained by other methods, as well as exact results (direct and indirect methods of boundary elements), showed a good correspondence.


In the present article I propose a reflection on the status (situation) of widows named in Luke's Work in order to answer the question: can we find in the above New Testaments texts any suggestion of theoretical or practical violence towards this specific group of women? The article is composed of four parts: the first one pertains to the Greek term of "widow" and its use in Luke's writings; the second point contains the treatment of texts from the Third Gospel where widows are mentioned: Anna the Prophetess (2:36–37); a fragment of Jesus' inaugural address in the Nazareth synagogue where Jesus says that "there were many widows in Israel in Elijah's time (4:25) but the prophet was sent to "a widow in Zarephath in the region of Sidon" (4:26); a widow of Nain (7:12); the parable of the unjust judge and the persistent widow (18:3–5); Jesus' statement about the teachers of the law who "devour widows' houses" (20:47) and the story of the widow's mite (21:2–3). The third part contains the analysis of two texts from the Acts of the Apostles: the story of the choosing of the Twelve where Luke writes that the Hellenistic Jews complained against the Hebraic Jews claiming that "their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food" (6:1) and the story of Tabitha being raised from the dead where the author mentions the presence of widows who were helped by the Gazelle (9:39–41). The final part of the article is a summary and reveals a widow as the recipient of Jesus' and Christian community's mercy. According to Luke, a widow is a symbol of hospitality, trust in God, faith, sacrifice and unconditional commitment to God. The analyzed fragments allow to state unequivocally that in  Opus Lucanum we do not find any suggestion whatsoever of violence against women. What is more, the presented texts oblige Jesus' followers to a specific kind of merciful gentleness towards distressed women, with widows being undoubtedly thought as such. The texts warn explicitly against any form of oppression and unfair use of widows' weak social position. They stigmatize all instances of this type of behaviour, such as devouring widows' houses by the Pharisees (20:47), lack of interest in widows' plight and refusal to help them, as in the case of the unjust judge (18:4), or any form of neglect in charitable acts (Acts 6:1). The Acts of the Apostles, which show the first years of the existence of the community of Jesus' disciples, recommend in particular a specific kind of "structural" care of widows, which was even more markedly stressed by St Paul's tradition, especially in pastoral epistles.


1 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension Education(DAEE), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh 2 Centre for Development Research (CDR), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria 3 Professor, DAEE, BAU, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh 4 Assistant Director, RDA, Bogra, Bangladesh CDR, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Some gas-condensate deposits are interpreted as being the products of high-temperature destruction of oil pools. For example, the Malossa field in Italy is at a depth of 6000 m and has a gas-condensate factor of 11,904 cm/m. This condensate is thought to have formed by catagenic destruction of an oil pool at temperatures of 180°C and pressures of 700 mpa. Study of the tar components of the gas-condensate fields of the Dnieper-Donets depression suggest two processes that have been active: formation by entry of gases into oil pools, and formation as a result of catagenic alteration of oil pools at great depth.


Suppose we say that a deductive argument is probative just in case it is (i) valid in point of logical form, (ii) possesses true premises, and (iii) is free of informal fallacy. We can then say that an argument is normatively persuasive for a person if and only if it is both probative and has premises that can be accepted, without any breach of epistemic propriety, by the person in question. If the premises of a probative argument would be accepted by any reasonable person, I will call such an argument demonstrative.


Riprap is commonly provided to protect embankment slopes from localized erosion caused by surface runoff during rainfall events, but it can also provide erosion protection during small overtopping events. When flow rates are small, most water may flow interstitially through the riprap layer, then gradually above the riprap layer as flow rates increase. On relatively steep slopes, interstitial flow may still be a significant proportion of the total flow—even 100% of the flow—when the failure discharge is reached. In the late 1990s the Bureau of Reclamation sponsored tests on 2H:1V (50%) embankment slopes to determine allowable rates of overtopping flow for large riprap with median stone sizes up to 26-inch diameter. These tests included measurements of interstitial flow, and Mishra (1998) and Frizell et al. (1998) used the collected data to develop a design procedure for riprap on steep slopes accounting for interstitial flow. Unlike other riprap design equations that relate allowable discharge or stone size to independent variables through simple closed-form equations, the method incorporates interstitial flow in a mechanistic way through iterative calculations that add complexity to the solution process. This paper illustrates the Mishra/Frizell design method through example calculations and highlights key aspects of the solution process. Important conclusions are drawn related to the use of riprap for overtopping flow protection on typical embankment dam slopes.


Mechanical Alloying: Energy Storage, Protective Coatings, and Medical Applications, Third Edition is a detailed introduction to mechanical alloying that offers guidelines on the necessary equipment and facilities needed to carry out the process, also giving a fundamental background to the reactions taking place. El-Eskandarany, a leading authority on mechanical alloying, discusses the mechanism of powder consolidations using different powder compaction processes. A new chapter is included on utilization of the mechanically alloyed powders for thermal spraying. Fully updated to cover recent developments in the field, this second edition also introduces new and emerging applications for mechanical alloying, including the fabrication of carbon nanotubes, surface protective coating and hydrogen storage technology. ElEskandarany discusses the latest research into these applications and provides engineers and scientists with the information they need to implement these developments. Guides readers through each step of the mechanical alloying process Includes tables and graphs that are used to explain the stages of the milling processes Presents a comprehensive update on the previous edition, including new chapters that cover emerging applications Manufacturing Techniques for Materials: Engineering and Engineered provides a cohesive and comprehensive overview of the following: (i) prevailing and emerging trends, (ii) emerging developments and related technology, and (iii) potential for the commercialization of techniques specific to manufacturing of materials. The first half of the book provides the interested reader with detailed chapters specific to the manufacturing of emerging materials, such as additive manufacturing, with a valued emphasis on the science, technology, and potentially viable practices specific to the manufacturing technique used. This section also attempts to discuss in a lucid and easily understandable manner the specific advantages and limitations of each technique and goes on to highlight all of the potentially viable and emerging technological applications. The second half of this archival volume focuses on a wide spectrum of conventional techniques currently available and being used in the manufacturing of both materials and resultant products. Manufacturing Techniques for Materials is an invaluable tool for a cross-section of readers including engineers, researchers, technologists, students at both the graduate level and undergraduate level, and even entrepreneurs. Collection of selected, peer reviewed papers from the Modern Technologies in Industrial Engineering, July 13-16, Gliwice, Poland. The 189 papers are grouped as follows: Chapter 1: Applied Materials and Technologies, Chapter 2: Tools and Technologies for Materials Processing, Chapter 3: Parts and Components of Industrial Equipments, Chapter 4: Industrial Robotics, Chapter 5: Flexible and Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Chapter 6: Maritime Engineering and Technologies, Chapter 7: Modern Technologies in Product Design, Chapter 8: Engineering Management of Manufacturing Systems. The 461 peer-reviewed papers presented in this volume are grouped into 14 chapters: Non-Ferrous Metallic Materials, Iron and Steel, Composites, Micro/Nano-Materials, Ceramics, Optical/Electronic/Magnetic Materials, New Functional Materials, Environmentally Friendly Materials, New Energy Materials, Biomaterials, Materials Forming and Machining, Physics and Numerical Simulation of Material Processes, Surface Engineering/Coatings, and Mechanical Behavior and Fracture. The voluminous contents function as a handbook guide to these topics. Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). In recent years, people have tended to adjust the degree of order/disorder to explore new materials. The degree of order/disorder can be measured by entropy, and it can be divided into two parts: topological disordering and chemical disordering. The former mainly refers to order in the spatial configuration, e.g., amorphous alloys which show short-range ordering but without long-range ordering, while the latter mainly refers to the order in the chemical occupancy, that is to say, the components can replace each other, and typical representatives are high-entropy alloy (HEAs). HEAs, in sharp contrast to traditional alloys based on one or two principal elements, have one striking characteristic: their unusually high entropy of mixing. They have not received much noticed until the review paper entitled "Microstructure and Properties of High-Entropy Alloys" was published in 2014 in the journal of Progress in Materials Science. Numerous reports have shown they exhibit five recognized performance characteristics, namely, strength–plasticity trade-off breaking, irradiation tolerance, corrosion resistance, high-impact toughness within a wider temperature range, and high thermal stability. So far, the development of HEAs has gone through three main stages: 1. Quinary equal-atomic single-phase solid solution alloys; 2. Quaternary or quinary non-equal-atomic multiphase alloys; 3. Medium-entropy alloys, high-entropy fibers, highentropy films, lightweight HEAs, etc. Nowadays, more in-depth research on high-entropy alloys is urgently needed. Leadership in gas turbine technologies is of continuing importance as the value of gas turbine production is projected to grow substantially by 2030 and beyond. Power generation, aviation, and the oil and gas industries rely on advanced technologies for gas turbines. Market trends including world demographics, energy security and resilience, decarbonization, and customer profiles are rapidly changing and influencing the future of these industries and gas turbine technologies. Technology trends that define the technological environment in which gas turbine research and development will take place are also changing including inexpensive, large scale computational capabilities, highly autonomous systems, additive manufacturing, and cybersecurity. It is important to evaluate how these changes influence the gas turbine industry and how to manage these changes moving forward. Advanced Technologies for Gas Turbines identifies high-priority opportunities for improving and creating advanced technologies that can be introduced into the design and manufacture of gas turbines to enhance their performance. The goals of this report are to assess the 2030 gas turbine global landscape via analysis of global leadership, market trends, and technology trends that impact gas turbine applications, develop a prioritization process, define high-priority research goals, identify high-priority research areas and topics to achieve the specified goals, and direct future research. Findings and recommendations from this report are important in guiding research within the gas turbine industry and advancing electrical power generation,


Solution-processable polymer solar cells comprising active layers with two components have reached power conversion efficiencies close to 10%, providing an attractive route for converting sunlight into electricity. Importantly, these values are approaching the predicted practical efficiency limit for single-layer two-component bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells.1 The efficiency limit can be pushed to 14–15% through the use of a tandem architecture in which two absorbing layers are connected in series or parallel.1 This structure, however, requires additional and more complicated processing steps. BHJ polymer solar cells having three-component active layers (either two donors and one acceptor or one donor and two acceptors) provide an alternative approach toward higher efficiencies and preserve the simplicity of active-layer fabrication in a single processing step.2 Until 2011, efficiency enhancements in ternary-blend BHJ solar cells were only achieved by broadening the absorption spectrum by using constituents with complementary absorption profiles. Until then, it was believed that the open-circuit voltage (VOC) in these solar cells would be pinned by the lower of the two energy levels associated with the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of the two polymer donors.3 Thompson and colleagues demonstrated that, with judicious selection of donor and acceptor constituents, the VOC can—to the contrary— be tuned between the effective HOMO energy level of the polymer donors and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the electron acceptor without negatively affecting other solar-cell output parameters.4, 5 An organic alloy model6 that describes the origin of this tunability necessitates strong electronic interactions between the constituents for the device VOC to depend on the composition in the active layer.7 Figure 1. Percentage change in characteristic spacing (blue, filled shapes) of the crystallites of the polymer donor in blends A and B, illustrating pinned VOC (blend A) and variable VOC with composition (blend B) (black, open shapes).


An alginate lyase was purified from an extracellular enzyme (commercial preparation) of Flavobacterium multivolum K-11 by successive column chromatographies, such as cation exchange, chromatofocusing, and gel filtration. The purified enzyme migrated as a single band on SDS-PAGE and analytical isoelectric focusing. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 32,000 by SDS-PAGE and 33,000 by HPLC gel filtration chromatography, and the pI of the enzyme was 8.2 on isoelectric focusing. The enzyme exhibited maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 40°C, and was stable between pH 6.0 and 9.0, and at temperatures up to 20°C. The enzyme activity was remarkably inhibited by chemical compounds such as SDS, MIA, TNBS, and N-bromosuccinimide, while EDTA and PCMB had no effect on the enzyme activity. The enzyme decomposed both the G-block (guluronic acid content; 89%) and the M-block (mannuronic content; 92%) at nearly equal rates, and produced several kinds of unsaturated oligomers. Because such activity of alginate lyase has not been reported, we believe that this is a novel alginate lyase.


A model for two-dimensional layered medium is proposed for through-wall imaging problem. It is integrated with the subspace- based optimization method for reconstructing the relative permittivity proflle in a fast and robust manner. Numerical results have shown that the concealed targets within walls can be reconstructed well using the proposed model even though full aperture of targets is not available due to the presence of walls. The model has also been employed for studying the efiect of the presence of walls on imaging.


The Z-amidines (2Z) have been prepared by stereospecific reaction of nitrilium ion intermediates and the kinetics of interconversion into the E-amidines (2E) studied in aqueous solution at 25 °C. The interconversion is strongly catalysed by acid, so that at all pH values < 11, the acid-catalysed pathway (C–N bond rotation in the protonated species) dominates. A pH-independent reaction (uncatalysed nitrogen inversion) is observed over a narrow range at high pH while with one amidine (5aZ) carrying the most electron-withdrawing substituent, base catalysis (probably reversible addition of HO–) is unexpectedly observed. The more reactive amidines [e.g.(5c)] were formed and their isomerisations studied in situ; however, introduction of electron withdrawal in the substituent on the imino nitrogen [such as (5a)] or on the amino nitrogen [such as (2d)] permitted the isolation of pure Z-isomers.


Moral values as one of the important elements in the movie are also a very important role in our daily lives. In "Wonder" movie by R.J. Palacio, the author presents many moral values conveyed through the main character that is Auggie. The objective of this research was to investigate the moral values found in the "Wonder" movie by R. J. Palacio and the theoretical implication for teaching literature. A qualitative method was used to describe the dialogues/scenes that contain moral values with structural and psychological approaches. In this research, the writer used triangulation to ensure the validity of the data. The result of the research showed that there are ten moral values found in the "Wonder" movie, they are love and affection, struggle, kindness, bravery, self-confidence, forgiveness, honesty, wisdom, strong belief, courage. Hopefully, the students can learn and practice those positive moral values in their daily life. Therefore, by watching the movie, they not only get the entertainment but also moral messages which are implied in the story.


The oil and gas industry is renowned for its cyclicality, but the volatility of late has been unprecedented. Over the last 18 months since their peak in July 2008, there have been serious movements in oil prices, as well as a hazardous credit crunch and the consequent tightening of capital markets. However, the climate seems to be changing. We are seeing renewed optimism in the sector, fuelled by improving demand, slowly recovering world economies, improved investment in infrastructure and - crucially for small and medium-sized independents - increased access to debt funding. Andrew Moorfield* (pictured), Head of UK Oil & Gas, Lloyds Banking Group, explains.


Objective To provide anatomical data of the fourth toe sectional area for sectional anatomy and replantation of severed toes.Methods The fourth toes were sectioned by histological method and observed under microscope.Results The fibular proper plantar arteries and nerves longitudinal and transversal sectional average diameters were longer then 0.43mm and 0.65mm respectively.Those of the tibial proper plantar arteries and nerves longitudinal and transversal sectional average diameters were 0.55mm and 0.58mm respectively.Conclusion The arteries and nerves with same name are in the same area.


Sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths are a common dried ingredient used as a colourant for waakye, a popular Ghanaian dish made from rice and cowpea. The leaf sheaths are also used in traditional medicine due to its impressive bioactive composition. Its potential as a natural food colourant and antioxidant has been established but the effect of different processing conditions on the physicochemical composition and characteristics have not been adequately researched. The present study assessed the effect of size reduction (whole, coarse and fine), temperature (room temperature (28°C) and 98°C) and time (20, 40 and 60 min) on the colour, pH and ascorbic acid content of sorghum leaf sheaths. Samples were steeped in a measured amount of water and analysis conducted on the extracts. Size reduction significantly reduced the lightness (l*) and colour intensity (chroma and hue) of extracts steeped at both temperatures. The pH of all extracts was relatively neutral, ranging from 6.63 to 7.23 and was not significantly affected by size reduction or time. Extraction of ascorbic acid was more effective at 98°C and did not degrade with constant heating within the experimental time. Average ascorbic acid content of extracts was 3.89 g/L. For effective utilization and value addition of Sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths, food producers should consider fine milling and late incorporation into food for optimum colour and phytochemical content preservation.


In the retail industry, membership marketing is a marketing method based on membership management. By analyzing the consumption information of members, merchants mine the subsequent consumption power of customers and absorb their lifelong consumption value to maximize the value of a customer. At present, continuous loss of members caused by the development of e-commerce brings great losses to retail operators. To improve the loyalty of members as much as possible, operators need to carry out targeted marketing strategies to strengthen sound relationship with members. They adopt a series of promotional activities for members to maintain their loyalty. It is an effective way for entity retail industry developing better by improving member portrait painting, strengthening fine management of current members, regularly pushing products and services to them and establishing stable relation with them. In this paper, MATLAB is used to analyze and process relevant data for the member portrait description of a certain large department store.


A method for the ISE determination of trace amounts of lead(Ⅱ) in human hair is proposed. A mixed solution of 1.5g·L -1 ascorbic acid 1g·L -1 Trien 0.05mol·L -1 sodium perchlerate at pH 4.8~5.5 is used as electrolyte. The Gran′s plotting method is applied in the determination. A recovery in the range of 95%~106%, and a RSD of less than 5.3% were obtained.


Selective and thermally reversible adsorption of NOx from a mixture of hot gases is achieved by contact with an adsorbent of active copper in the form of CuO on a support of TiO2 and SiO2 and in the form of Cu+2 on a support of pillared clay.


Zero-gravity distillation (ZGD) is one of the few ways to establish a small-scale distillation process. In contrast to conventional distillation columns, capillary forces, e.g. induced by metal foams, are exploited to ensure liquid flow in ZGD units. In order to strengthen the knowledge basis necessary for the ZGD equipment design, understanding of the relevant transport phenomena is necessary. In this work, a model for phenomena the ZGD processes was developed. It includes momentum, heat and species transport in both liquid and vapour phases. Evaporation and condensation impacts on momentum transfer are captured in a simplified manner, allowing an approximate local flow velocity determination. The developed model was implemented in the OpenFOAM® software and used to numerically simulate methanol/ethanol distillation processes in 2D approximation. In a first numerical study, the influence of the metal foam porosity and thickness on the velocity, temperature and mass fraction fields was numerically investigated.


Metaverse is an emerging technology that combines the virtual world and the real world, resulting in an immersive user experience. It has many applications. In this study, we inves-tigated the users' perception of the Metaverse-based classroom in the UAE by qualitatively surveying 84 higher education students. After coding the users' responses, we generated a world cloud and analyzed the user responses. A little more than a third of the surveyed users do not believe that they will benefit from using Metaverse in higher education, and they would not like to use it. Users are mainly concerned about their health conditions, security, and privacy of their information, and the students' movement may result in students losing focus (distraction). On the other hand, the learner will be motivated by the interactive nature of the Metaverse-based classroom and the education's location and time flexibility. Different practical and theoretical implications have been identified and discussed in this paper.


Fitness level and trait anxiety were used as "independent" variables in a multiple regression study with physiological arousal and self-reported anxiety to a stressor as the "dependent" variables. Fitness level was determined by an established rating system of frequency, type, and duration of aerobic activity in which the subject reportedly engaged. Trait anxiety level was assessed by the trait portion of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Sixty undergraduate subjects were exposed to a situational stressor of reciting a memorized paragraph while viewing themselves being videotaped. Outcome measures of systolic blood pressure and selfreported distress were taken at various points throughout the study. Multiple regression/correlation was done to determine the relationship between fitness level and trait anxiety, and the relationship between systolic blood pressure and self-reports of distress. Significant findings included unique and joint contributions of fitness and trait anxiety to a lowering of Likert scale scores after the stressor. It was also found that sex and age uniquely and jointly contributed to the total change in blood pres~ure from the baseline to the


The invention relates to a film, sheet or wafer-shaped preparation for administering substances with a taste or smell-related and/or caring and/or healing effect, in which these substances are identified by a code in the form of written or graphic markings or patterns. Said code is configured in the form of surface areas of different thickness. The invention is characterised in that the preparation comprises two differently coloured adjacent layers with complementary surface areas of different thickness.


Compound CpMo(OH)(PMe3)2, 1, a stable monomeric 16-electron organometallic complex with a spin triplet ground state and a terminal hydroxide ligand, is obtained from the reaction of CpMoCl(PMe3)3 with KOH. Density functional (B3LYP) geometry optimizations for a CpMo(OH)(PH3)2 model system afford a spin triplet ground state with a bent endo hydroxide ligand. An excited singlet state with a bent exo OH ligand is found 2.27 kcal mol-1 higher in energy. Analogous calculations on other related CpMoX(PH3)2 systems provide a spin triplet ground state for X=Cl and H, whereas the compound with X=PH2 has a singlet ground state. Addition of PH3 leads to a calculated bond energy of 20.9, 14.3, 7.2 and 6.8 kcal mol-1 relative to the 16-electron singlet state for H, Cl, PH2 and OH, respectively. These values are consistent with qualitative expectations based on the strength of the Mo–X π interaction and steric strain in the CpMo(PH3)3 and CpMo(PH3)2 fragments. Crude estimates of the thermodynamic strength of the Mo–X π interactions have been derived. The calculations also show that an α-H elimination from the hydroxide ligand to afford CpMoH(O)(PH3) plus PH3 should be thermodynamically favored but suggest that it is kinetically difficult. Compound 1 slowly decomposes in C6D6 in the presence of PMe3 by a process that is initiated by the activation of a solvent C–D bond. This process produces a mixture of CpMoH(PMe3)3, 4, CpMo(η2-CH2PMe2)(PMe3)2, 5, C6D5OH and PMe3-dn (n=1–9) molecules. The relative isotopic distribution of the free PMe3-dn molecules can be satisfactorily simulated. The analogous decomposition of CpMo(OD)(PMe3)2 (1-OD) revealed a rapid exchange of the deuteroxide D atom and a PMe3 ligand H atom. The decomposition of 1 in the presence of PMe3 in C6D6 is catalyzed by water or methanol. The molecules are believed to engage in hydrogen bonding interactions with the OH lone pairs, thereby modifying the electronic structure of compound 1 and enhancing the reactivity toward the oxidative addition of the solvent C–D bonds.


Considerations on the terminology of (natural) disasters in Greek historiography - some introductory re marks?. A comprehensive study analyzing the terminology of events, which we would call 'disasters', in Greek and Latin sources is still lacking. Due to the abundance of texts this article is only concerned with Greek historiography. Of course, there is a word katastrophe in Greek, but it does not mean 'disaster' in our sense. Greek authors tend to grasp disasters more concretely, calling them earthquake, flood, epidemic etc. However, there are also some more abstract notions which form categories. All in all, we can see that events which we would call 'disasters' were at first consid ered from a neutral point of view. Their meaning was de pending on the context, and this could lead even to positive assessments of'disasters'.


At food industry, food waste along the supply chain is inevitable. The exception is not a MSE dedicated to the processing of meat products in Lima, Peru. It turns out an average 15.78% of inventories expire, which represents 8% of its annual billing. This occurs for three reasons: overproduction, immobilized products in process and oversupply of raw materials. To reverse this situation, a model is proposed using 4 lean manufacturing tools: Kanban, 5S, demand forecasting and Standardization. A 7% reduction is expected in the current average level of waste in the warehouse, obtaining the optimal level for companies in this area. The validation of the model is by means of the Arena Simulator program and the result indicate that it was possible to reduce the waste to levels considered optimal (less than 10%). The economic viability study had favorable indicators, other environmental and organizational impacts were evaluated with assertive results. As a conclusion, the implementation of the model has had a positive impact and need to maintain it in the long term.


Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease and has spread worldwide. Clinical risk factors associated with the severity in COVID-19 patients have not yet been well delineated. The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors related with the progression of severe COVID-19 and establish a prediction model for severity in COVID-19 patients. Methods: We retrospectively recruited patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted in Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group) and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between January 24 and March 12, 2020. Take the Taizhou cohort as the training set and the Nanjing cohort as the validation set. Severe case was defined based on the World Health Organization Interim Guidance Report criteria for severe pneumonia. The patients were divided into severe and non-severe groups. Epidemiological, laboratory, clinical, and imaging data were recorded with data collection forms from the electronic medical record. The predictive model of severe COVID-19 was constructed, and the efficacy of the predictive model in predicting the risk of severe COVID-19 was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: A total of 402 COVID-19 patients were included in the study, including 98 patients in the training set (Nanjing cohort) and 304 patients in the validation set (Nanjing cohort). There were 54 cases (13.43%) in severe group and 348 cases (86.57%) in non-severe group. Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) and lymphocyte count were independent risk factors for severe COVID-19 (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression equation based on risk factors was established as follows: Logit (BL)=–5.552–5.473 ×L + 0.418 × BMI. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the training set and the validation set were 0.928 and 0.848, respectively (all P < 0.001). The model was simplified to get a new model (BMI and lymphocyte count ratio, BLR) for predicting severe COVID-19 patients, and the AUC in the training set and validation set were 0.926 and 0.828, respectively (all P < 0.001). Conclusions: Higher BMI and lower lymphocyte count are critical factors associated with severity of COVID-19 patients. The simplified BLR model has a good predictive value for the severe COVID-19 patients. Metabolic factors involved in the development of COVID-19 need to be further investigated.


This work explores the potential effects on the modification of the mechanical properties caused by the clad on the bimetallic through tensile tests. Several tests were interrupted in different degrees of deformation, the hardness measured in order to evaluate the hardening levels and identify the effects of plastic deformation. The interface between carbon steel and corrosion resistant alloy 625 was characterized through metallographic examination made by optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A numeric model based on the materials properties council (MPC) from API 579 was developed and implemented through finite element analysis (FEA) software in order to reproduce the stress-strain curve generated by tensile tests.


Assembly techniques and hardware configurations used in assembly of the basic tetrahedral cell by A7LB pressure-suited subjects in a neutral bouyancy simulator were studied. Eleven subjects participated in assembly procedures which investigated two types of structural members and two configurations of attachment hardware. The assembly was accomplished through extra-vehicular activity (EVA) only, EVA with simulated manned maneuvering unit (MMU), and EVA with simulated MMU and simulated remote manipulator system (RMS). Assembly times as low as 10.20 minutes per tetrahedron were achieved. Task element data, as well as assembly procedures, are included.


Automatic parallelization in the polyhedral model is based on aane transformations from an original computation domain (iteration space) to a target space-time domain, often with a diierent transformation for each variable. Code generation is an often ignored step in this process that has a signiicant impact on the quality of the nal code. Previous code generation methods are based on loop splitting, and have non-optimal behavior on parameterized programs. We have previously developed a general parameterized method for code generation based on dual representation of polyhedra. Here, we present a formal proof of correctness of the proposed method. We also discuss how our algorithm enables ne control over the tradeoo between code size and control overhead.


This paper gives a theoretic summary of up to date knowledge of hard parts in Cirripedia and particularly of those in Balanomorpha . A glossary of Catalan terminology is added with French and English counterparts.


In this paper,the attractive effects of the artificial reef model with different light colors on Sebastiscus marmoratus and Argyrosomus japonicas were studied through experimental tests.The results showed that the attraction rate in the artificial reef area under the natural light condition was higher than other five groups.Light color has significant effect on the attraction rate which ranks from low to high as:Orange group Green group Red group Blue group White group Natural group.Therefore,we can draw a preliminary conclusion that Sebastiscus marmoratus has a negative phototaxis.As for the Argyrosomus japonicas,there was no obvious aggregation phenomenon was found in the artificial reef area during the experiment.We may also draw a conclusion that light color has no effect on the attraction rate as there is no significant difference among the natural group and other five light groups.


IL-17 induces release of many cytokines (e.g. IL-6, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-1B, TGF-B, TNF∞), chemokines (e.g. IL-8, GRO-∞ and MCP1) and prostaglandins such as PGE2 from fibroblasts, endothelial cells, keratinocytes and macrophages. IL-17 along with IL-22 induces antimicrobial peptide production by keratinocytes. The release of cytokines results in keratinocyte and vascular response along with enhanced cell recruitment. Keratinocytes in response produce chemokines and cytokines, which specifically cause neutrophil recruitment. Il-17 also downregulates filaggrin, leading to disruption of skin barrier. IL-17A, the best-studied member of this family, is composed of 155 amino acids with molecular weight of 15KDa. It forms heterodimers or homodimers with IL-17F, binding with IL-17RA and IL17RC subunits leading to gene activation.


Let K be an infinite field of characteristic not 2. Let qx, qY be nonsingular quadratic forms on vector spaces X, Y over K, respectively. Assume that there is a bilinear map B:X × Y → Y such that qY(B(x, y)) = qx(x)qY(y). To each such triple {qx, qY, B} one associates the Hopf map h: Z = X × Y → W = K × Y by h(z) = (qx(x) – qY(y), 2B(x, y)), z = (x, y).


Let $f(x)\in \mathbb{F}_q[x]$ be an irreducible polynomial of degree $m$ and exponent $e$, and $n$ be a positive integer such that $\nu_p(q-1)\ge \nu_{p}(e)+\nu_p(n)$ for all $p$ prime divisor of $n$. We show a fast algorithm to determine the irreducible factors of $f(x^n)$. We also show the irreducible factors in the case when ${\rm rad}(n)$ divides $q-1$ and ${\rm gcd}(m, n)=1$. Finally, using this algorithm we split $x^n-1$ into irreducible factors, in the case when $n=2^mp^t$ and $q$ is a generator of the group $\mathbb{Z}_{p^2}^*$.


This research aims to identify the reasons that lead students to pursue a specific course of chemistry teacher training, i.e., their perspectives on the course and the teaching career, and if they are motivated by trainers to become basic education (BE) teachers. It was concluded that most students did not want to be teachers of BE. They identified through the social context of the course that the teachers focused on the area of chemistry teaching sought to motivate them for this career, whereas the teachers of these specific areas of chemistry encouraged them to seek other career opportunities.


Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides effective results with an agent learning from a stand-alone reward function. However, it presents unique challenges with large amounts of environment states and action spaces, as well as in the determination of rewards. Imitation Learning (IL) offers a promising solution for those challenges using a teacher. In IL, the learning process can take advantage of human-sourced assistance and/or control over the agent and environment. A human teacher and an agent learner are considered in this study. The teacher takes part in the agent's training towards dealing with the environment, tackling a specific objective, and achieving a predefined goal. This paper proposes a novel approach combining IL with different types of RL methods, namely, state-action-reward-state-action (SARSA) and Asynchronous Advantage Actor–Critic Agents (A3C), to overcome the problems of both stand-alone systems. How to effectively leverage the teacher's feedback—be it direct binary or indirect detailed—for the agent learner to learn sequential decision-making policies is addressed. The results of this study on various OpenAI-Gym environments show that this algorithmic method can be incorporated with different combinations, and significantly decreases both human endeavors and tedious exploration process.


The frequency of infant exposure to secretions containing herpes simplex virus (HSV) from seropositive women might be eight times higher than previously estimated and might be associated with an increased frequency of transmission.


To improve the accuracy and the speed of on-line chaotic time series prediction via radial basis function(RBF) network,a sequential learning algorithm is presented for on-line constructing variable structure RBF network.A sliding window is constructed.By learning real-time updated data in the window,the parameters of the connecting weights,number of hidden units and center locations are dynamically tuned.The algorithm achieves parsimonious RBF network quickly,while only a small number of tuning parameters are employed.The variable structure network is applied to Mackey-Glass chaotic time series on-line prediction.The results demonstrate that network possesses satisfactory on-line dynamic identification and prediction performance.


The Extensive Damage Mitigation Guideline (EDMG), which was developed by the U.S. Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) owing to the motivation of 911 terrorist attacks and not allowed to spread before the Fukushima nuclear accident, was publicly available after Fukushima nuclear accident and paid attention to worldwide. Many countries have adopted the U.S. EDMG methodology and developed their strategies (some are not called EDMG but have similar functions), planning to introduce it into the emergency plans of their domestic nuclear power plants (NPPs). Based on the defense‐in‐depth (DID) concept of nuclear safety, the experience of the Fukushima nuclear accident, and the state‐of‐the‐art of EDMGs research, this paper will give a comprehensive review of EDMG. To illustrate the reason for the introduction of EDMG into the traditional NPP procedures/guidelines, the review work started from the perspective of DID in nuclear safety and the reason for the Fukushima nuclear accident from the viewpoint of DID, which showed the weaknesses of DID implementation strategy ‐ underestimation of the damage during a beyond‐design‐basis external event (BDBEE). EDMG is crucial complementary for the old framework of procedures/guidelines to enhance the concept of DID. The research progress of EDMG in different countries has been reviewed and a rough comparison has been made among them according to the present state‐of‐the‐art from literature. The methodology of EDMG is summarized as follows: (a) Loss of Large Area (LOLA) ‐ the originally designed scenario for EDMG; (b) elements of EDMG ‐ the summarized contents for EDMG implementation; (c) classification of EDMG ‐ initial response EDMGs and Technical Support Center (TSC) response EDMGs; (d) implementation of EDMG‐introduction of three phases of EDMG implementation step by step. Furthermore, three typical methods to integrate EDMG into the traditional procedures/guidelines are reviewed. Finally, this paper gives some concluding remarks for EDMG‐related critical issues and recommended future work, which may be challenges for the development and application of EDMG and useful for the related researchers.


Biocomposites of natural rubber (NR) blends were prepared with a variety of fillers obtained from renewable resources by a mastication technique. They were characterized for their mechanical properties and morphologies and compared with composites of the conventional filler carbon black (c-black). The biopolymers exhibited an interesting trend and imparted strength to NR that was quite comparable to c-black. Up to 30 phr of the fillers could be successfully incorporated; this led to enhancements in the mechanical strength. The properties were found to vary with the type and ratio of filler, namely, starch, cellulose, and chitin. The optimum mechanical strength of the biocomposites was observed at 10 phr. The results were interpreted on the basis of the morphology by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed strong filler–polymer interactions. The moisture-uptake characteristics of the composites were studied. It was found that addition of biofillers did not lead to a significant increase in the moisture absorption. Furthermore, as the adhesion between the polymer matrix and fillers increased, the water uptake decreased. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


In the last years several scientists involved in the disordered-systems route to decode biological complexity (from the group of Mheran Kardar at MIT or those of Curtis Callan and William Bialek at Princeton, to our ones between Sapienza and King's College, with Ton Coolen and Peter Sollich) highlighted several emergent properties of lymphocyte's networks, such as their multitasking capabilities, the clonal selection at ontogenesis for shaping their repertoires and the correct balance between clonal expansion and lymphocytosis, just to cite a few (and in [1,2,3] I report some of our works on this study). Not as a minor point, in decoding the collective behavior of these cells (via this approach, that is a large and massive use of statistical mechanics and graph theory), researchers have largely borrowed concepts from an already developed branch of statistical mechanics, that is "spin glasses & neural networks", as the extreme value statistics, the Hebbian kernel for a distributed memory (playing for vaccination in the present context) or the whole fingerprint of "frustration", with the related package of physical characteristics. This shift of concepts to a structurally-similar but operationally very different network (namely from neural to lymphocyte networks) however demands the by far non-trivial extension of information processing pathways from electrical networks (i.e. brains or computers, the original framework where those ideas were originated) to chemical ones. Indeed, while neurons in biological neural networks, or operational amplifiers in artificial neural networks, dialogue via electric currents and the basic bit of information (1,0) is coded by the difference between high and low voltages on their membrane (for neurons from -65mV -state 0to a few mV -state 1-), the latter, chemical networks. dialogue with variations of relative concentrations as dictated by their coupled reaction dynamics (chemical kinetics) and store a bit of information (1,0) in the difference between high and low concentrations of ligands effectively bound to reactants: in order for the analogy between these networks to hold, these information processing pathways must be safetly compared and overall coherence should be demanded. In this report we first present a streamlined introduction to the genesis of the problem, that is immune information processing; in particular we consider the main paradigm for clonal expansion of lymphocytes, namely the "two-signal model" (within the Burnet's clonal selection theory, see Fig.1): the latter states that a clone, in order to start expansion, needs two signals to be integrated (within a short timescale) on its membrane and these signals are the presence of the antigen (signal one) and the "consensus" by a T-helper encoded by diffusing cytokines, as interleukins or interferons (signal two), and we show that this scenario can be naturally described as a stochastic AND gate. Then, summarizing our results presented in [4,5], we build a solid bridge between electric information processing and chemical information processing, showing how single-input/output chemical systems naturally play for logic YES and NOT (stochastic) gates and how double-inputs/outputs chemical systems naturally play for AND, NAND, OR, XOR (stochastic) gates: the adjective stochastic is to remark that, at difference with standard information processing with electronic gates (for instance inside a computer), where information flow is deterministic, these systems operate at high level of noise, thus the correct theoretical reference framework is no longer mathematical logic (that remains as an ideal setting), while, we propose, that statistical mechanics can successfully accomplish this role. Our findings quantify the scenario where chemical computing uses molecular systems to perform logical operations, mimicking processes typical of electronic devices and allow for a comparison between these machineries: advantages and disadvantages appear when comparing these two approaches to computation. Chemical computing requires (for a single operation) a smaller size (Angstroms versus microns) and a lower energy consumption (10^(-19) Joule versus , 10^(-9) Joule), yet it is slower than electronic computing (from kilohertz to megaherz versus gigahertz). Further, biochemical information processing performs at relatively large levels of noise (and this happens at different scales, ranging from enzyme-based logic gates to nucleic acid logic circuits: noise propagates in the system as thermal disorder or in form of cross-talk among system's constituents). Such investigation suggests that much of the already known information processing mechanisms, learned in neurobiology and robotics disciplines, are also widely shared among several, possibly really different, chemical networks, made of by several elementary elements (binding sites and substrates) that, crucially, must be non-linearly interacting, frustrated and allowed to receive feed back signals.


We propose a fast and improved facial feature cxtraction tcchniquc for cmbcddcd face-recognition applications. This technique applies to both face alignment and recognition and significantly improves three aspccts. First, we introduce local texture attributes to a statistical face modcl. A texturc attribute characterizes the 2-D local featurc structures and is used to guide the model deformation. This provides more robustness and faster convergence than with conventional ASM (Active Shape Model). Second, the local texture attributes are modelled by Haar-wavelcts, yielding faster processing and more robustness with respect to low-quality images. Third, we use a gradient-based method for model initialization, which improves the convergence. We have obtained good results dealing with test faces that are quite dissimilar with the faces used for statistical training. The convergence area of our proposed method almost quadruples compared to ASM. The Haar-wavelet transform successfully compensates for the additional cost of using 2-D texture features. The algorithm bas also been tested in practice with a webcam, giving (near) real-time performance and good extraction results.


Participatory irrigation management is gradually being introduced in the canal irrigation system in Pakistan. In this study, performance of a participatory irrigation management system is compared with that of a conventional centrally controlled irrigation system. The study is carried out for canal irrigation systems of Lower Chenab and Jhelum, both located in Punjab, Pakistan. The performance indicators used included: establishment cost, operation and maintenance cost, water fees (abiana) collected and equity of water distribution. The data for performance assessment were collected from various sources, including field measurements, interviews with farmers, interviews with officers of the irrigation department, previous studies, and data from the Punjab Irrigation Department and the Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority. The analysis indicates that establishment costs of both public–private partnership management and a centrally controlled irrigation system are more than operational and maintenance costs. The water supply in the main canal is satisfactory in both systems. Water fees (abiana) collected are declining in the case of the participatory management system. Structural change in the participatory management system and extensive work on capacity building are required in order to obtain the benefits of transferring management to farmers' organizations in Pakistan. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Data aggregation reduces energy consumption by reducing the number of message transmissions in sensor networks. Effective aggregation requires that event messages be routed along common paths. While existing routing protocols provide many ways to construct the aggregation tree, this opportunistic style of aggregation is usually not optimal. The Minimal Steiner Tree (MST) maximises the possible degree of aggregation, but finding such a tree requires global knowledge of the network, which is not practical in sensor networks. In this paper, we propose the Adaptive Aggregation Tree (AAT) to dynamically transform the structure of the routing tree to improve the efficiency of data aggregation. It adapts to changes in the set of source nodes automatically, and approaches the cost savings of MST without explicit maintenance of an infrastructure. The evaluation results show that AAT reduces the communication energy consumption by 23%, compared to shortest-path tree, and by 31%, compared to GPSR.


To investigate determinants of health care utilization of the physically disabled over 20 years old in age living in Taegu city, a self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out for 337 disabled persons with chronic illness from April to July, 1997. Health care utilization .ate was 81.9%(69.1% for hospital or clinic and 12.8% for pharmacy). Marital status, job, health concern, and response to illness showed statistically significant relationship with health care utilization(p


Digital witnessing, our engagement with death through local participants' own recordings of the conflict zone, introduces a new kind of death spectacle in the West: mediatized death [Mortensen, M. (2015). Journalism and eyewitness images. London: Routledge.]. Whilst, like past spectacles, this one also invites its publics to witness death as a moral event that requires a response, mediatized death differs from past spectacles, in that it injects into the practice of witnessing an accentuated sense of doubt: how do we know this is authentic? And, what should we feel towards it? This is because, given the multiple actors filming in conflict zones, digital witnessing breaks with the professional monopoly of the journalist and becomes a complex site of struggle where competing spectacles of death, each with their own interest, vie for visibility. How the status of the death spectacle and our potential engagement with it change under the weight of this new epistemic instability is the focus of this article.


Current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and electroluminescence spectra of several ultraviolet and blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting nominally at 380, 400, 430, and 468 nm were studied. These diodes exhibited an Ohmic regime at low forward biases; then the current increased sharply as bias increased. Several changes in the slope of logarithmic I–V plots indicated that, I ∝ Vx. These changes in the slope were interpreted as single‐carrier space‐charge‐limited (SCL) transport across the diode active region. As bias increased the deep states were filled and for the 400‐ and 468‐nm diodes ideality factors of ∼2 were obtained. This indicated that, as bias increased the transport mechanism changed from SCL conduction to recombination of injected carriers in the space‐charge region. For the 380‐ and 430‐nm diodes, ideality factors >>2 were obtained, although the observed electroluminescence spectrum indicated substantial radiative recombination. For the diode emitting at 430 nm, several peaks including the major peak at ∼424 nm appeared to have resulted from transitions between the conduction‐band edge and deep states, identified from the I–V characteristics, likely to be associated with Zn doping of the InGaN active region. Deep states in the other diodes appeared to be ineffective in the radiative recombination process.


The authors also would like to express their
acknowledgments to COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-
FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundacao para a Ciencia e
Tecnologia within the Project Scope:
UID/CEC/00319/2013.


version," "Mystical and Adolescent Conversions," and "Mysticism" are followed by an account rendering more accessible to English readers the observations and conclusions of Flournoy in a direct study of a mystic, as these have been published under the title, "Une Mystique Moderne," in the Archives de Psychologie for 1915. The volume concludes with a chapter entitled, " General Considerations," and defending, as against positivistic interpretations, the essential validity and objectivity of the religious experience. EDWARD L. ScHUB


The ionosphere is the part of the earth's atmosphere that extends from about 75 km to 1000 km. The sun is the main factor in shaping and dividing the ionosphere according to electron density. Therefore, the investigation and examination of solar-induced events is of great importance in understanding the structure of the ionosphere. The solar eclipses are one of the most important solar-induced events that cause sudden and medium-scale changes on the ionosphere. The solar eclipse of 29 March 2006 was observed as a total eclipse in some places and as a partial eclipse in some places. One of the regions recorded as a partial eclipse is Kharkov/Ukraine. In this study, the variations of reaction dynamics such as rate constant and cross section of the 'O+ + N2' collision, which is one of the ionosphere reaction processes, were investigated according to altitude (187 km) and local time during the 29 March 2006 solar eclipse over the city of Kharkov. The findings revealed that the changes in the reaction rate constant were similar to the changes in temperature, but the same similarities were not observed in the collision cross-section changes. According to another result obtained from this study, it has been determined that the use of experimental-based sources such as Kharkov incoherent scatter radar will give more effective results in investigating the effects of solar eclipses on the ionosphere.


Integrated photonics has become valuable to a wide range of applications including data communication, ranging, and inertial and chemical sensing. More recently, integrated photonics has also shown promise as a new means of trapping and probing atoms in atomic clocks. In this manuscript, we discuss how controlling the spatial properties of light emitted from an integrated photonics chip can support the realization of an atomic clock with drastically reduced size, weight, and power consumption. Specifically, atomic clocks require the intersection of three orthogonal beams, each with an area of approximately 16 mm2, to trap and probe a cloud of atoms. For good trapping, these beams need to be well collimated and polarized, and to exhibit intensity profiles that are as close to uniform as possible. For beams of these dimensions, this means new techniques need to be employed to control the rate at which light spreads across an integrated photonics chip, as well as the rate at which it diffracts out of the chip itself, all while maintaining good collimation. Existing integrated photonics technologies have been limited in the beam sizes they can generate to the order of several 100's of microns along either axis of the beam, and the results discussed here represent roughly an order of magnitude improvement in that metric.


We show promising improvements on the temporal task of video captioning: • Using policy gradient and mixed-loss methods for reinforcement learning to directly optimize sentencelevel task-based metrics (as rewards). • Introduce a novel entailment-enhanced reward (CIDEnt) that corrects phrase-matching based metrics (such as CIDEr) to only allow for logically-implied partial matches and avoid contradictions. Reinforced Video Captioning with Entailment Rewards Ramakanth Pasunuru and Mohit Bansal UNC Chapel Hill {ram, email@example.com


There is an identical rule between evolution process of urbanization and layout phases of productive forces. This paper has quantitatively analyzed its evolution features, especially the connection between urbanization and economic development as well as its regularity, from two angles of time-order of urbanization change, and connection between urbanization and economic development. The authors have pointed out that urbanization efficiency is rising constantly in different periods(decrease of structure elasticity), intensity level is rising, urbanization and non-agriculture is inclining to rationalization, urbanization lags behind economic development, there are five phases according to the connection between urbanization and economic development, the relationship between change of urbanization and increase of per capita suits to index model, and the relationship between density of towns and increase of suits to linear function. At last, the thesis have researched urbanization trend from these aspects of migration of population, change of population density, layer distribution of urbanization as well as development and division of satellite towns.


This study attempt to examine whether firm's performance depends on the local financial development across Indonesian provinces within 2010-2013. Combining data from the Indonesian survey of manufacturing firms with information from regional-level data, the study empirically documented several key findings. First, there are no consistent results that local bank availability is robustly associated with faster growth for firms in sectors with growth opportunities. Second, this paper documented a positive interplay between access to financial services to firm performance particularly within western part region of Indonesia. Third, access to the financial service appears to be closely connected with the level of economic development, particularly rate of poverty and inflation in the western part region of Indonesia. Taken these empirical finding together, this study imply that the level of inequality across Indonesian archipelago need to be reduced in order not only to provide a better access of financial services to the local stakeholders but also to improve small firms performance.


The Labour Appeal Court and the Labour Courts have come out strongly against racism in the workplace. The reason is obvious - the constitution and other legislation outlaw historically institutionalised racism in South Africa. Also, there is a moral and social obligation on all South Africans to make a concerted effort to break with the past and ensure that a just and equitable society is created.


SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is a real time systems that are deployed over real time infrastructure such as water pumping stations, oil purification plants and rail control centers etc. These systems were connected with local area network or limited networks but now with the latest technology and facilities in real time infrastructure these systems are also moving from local area network to the internet. Using internet communication, these systems are attacked by several attacks therefore these systems need protection from different kinds of attacks/threads to secure communication between devices that are communicating with SCADA environment. The current research takes the Hybrid-based Cryptography solution using "Symmetric AES and Asymmetric RSA algorithms" to secure the SCADA communication by implementing security services such as authentication, confidentiality, and Non- Repudiation. Simulation environment is used to verify propose a solution is implemented properly between Master Terminal Unit (MTU) and Remote Terminal Unit (RTUs) during the transmission of payload (data) in a wireless network.


In the geochemical field, the chemical speciation of hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) has been widely investigated by performing measurements to determine its luminescence properties, namely the excitation, emission, and lifetime. Of these properties, the excitation has been relatively overlooked in most time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) studies. In this study, TRLFS and continuous-wave excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy are adopted to characterize the excitation properties of U(VI) surface species that interact with amorphous silica. The luminescence spectra of U(VI) measured from a silica suspension and silica sediment showed very similar spectral shapes with similar lifetime values. In contrast, the excitation spectra of U(VI) measured from these samples were significantly different. The results show that distinctive excitation maxima appeared at approximately 220 and 280 nm for the silica suspension and silica sediment, respectively.


Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are envisioned as a complementary or integrated part of 5G and future 6G networks for broadband or massive access, given their capabilities of full Earth coverage in inaccessible or very isolated environments. Although the queuing and end-to-end delays of such networks have been analyzed for channels with fixed statistics, currently there is a lack in understanding the effects of more realistic time-varying channels for traffic aggregation across such networks. Therefore, in this work we propose a queuing model for LEO constellation-based networks that captures the inherent variability of realistic satellite channels, where ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground links may present extremely poor connection periods due to the Land Mobile Satellite (LMS) channel. We verify the validity of our model with an extensive event-driven simulator framework analysis capturing the characteristics of the considered scenario. We later study the queuing and end-to-end delay distributions under such channels with various link, traffic, packet and background conditions, while observing good match between theory and simulation. Our results show that ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground links and background traffic have a much stronger impact over the end-to-end delay in mean and particularly variance, even with moderate queues, than unobstructed inter-satellite connections in outer space on an established path between two ground stations and through the constellation. This might hinder the usability of these networks for services with stringent time requirements.


Political Catholicism in Europe, 1918-1965. Edited by Tom Buchanan and Martin Conway. (New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press. 1996. Pp. ix, 312. $85.00.) Compare the number of major English-language books on European political Catholicism with those on socialism or fascism. This is not an issue of quality, since the field is distinguished by such able general studies as Michael Fogarty's and by admirable monographs from Richard Webster, R. E. M. Irving, Noel Cary, and others. But while such works merit praise as high as that bestowed on any books on socialism, the number of studies does not do justice to one of the most important phenomena of our century. One explanation for the dearth of English-language works on European political Catholicism is that it is a subject largely foreign to most of the English-speaking nations, with Ireland as the clear exception. Although Catholic parties have made themselves felt and even dominated politics in many European (and Latin American) nations, they have never constituted a real force in North America or Britain. Another reason might be political Catholicism's slippery nature. It does not fit easily into the dominant liberal-fascist-marxist scheme of twentieth-century Anglo-American political thought. For this, political Catholicism bears some of the blame. It has manifested itself all over the spectrum, from Salazar's Estado Novo to Sturzo's Partito popolare, from Maritain to Maurras. This diversity is addressed in Political Catholicism in Europe, 1918-1965, edited by Tom Buchanan and Martin Conway. The two recognize the differences within the world of Catholic politics but add that, nevertheless, a "distinctive Catholic tradition has been evident in many-if not all-of the countries of Europe. . and that significant similarities existed between these manifestations of political Catholicism for it to be possible to consider it as a European phenomenon" (p. 6). If our studies of Marxism can include Stalin, Mao, and Gramsci, then why couldn't a survey of political Catholicism embrace Ignaz Seipel and Giuseppe Dossetti? Buchanan and Conway have assembled an impressive group of essays. Along with Conway's introduction, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Ireland are represented. All of the essays are first rate, although they are not uniform. This is inevitable. The 1918 and 1965 dates, for example, are not hard and fast and are quite rightly manipulated by the authors to make their essays more complete. In the Spanish case, for instance, 1975 makes more sense than 1965. …


In this paper, we present a personal warning system model as one of the main functions of a RICE WATCH system in order to support farmers in rice pest management. The model embodies the concept of time-based notification activated by using a crop calendar, and situation-based notification using a BUS model. The system also includes "What to Do Next," a knowledge integration module, in order to provide advice on how to prevent or treat pests appropriately. The warning or notification service is provided to farmers through multi-channels of communication such as SMS, e-mail, internet browser and mobile application. The recommendations or advice will be generated by using an inference engine to deduce disease preventive tasks and/or disease treatment. Based on estimates by Pest Forecasting and Early Warning Group, appropriate management of risk from pests could be reduced by 80%, as well as costs for pest management being reduced by 50%.


in the NHP were performed following iv bolus and infusion treatment with SAM-760 designed to maintain steady state drug exposure throughout the experiment. Human PET RO was evaluated at approximately tmax and 24 or 48h following oral treatment with a single dose of SAM-760. All animal study procedures conducted were approved by an institutional review committee (IACUC). Results: [C] GSK215083 produced reproducible test-retest values in both species (NHP: caudate 1⁄4 15.0 6 6.8%, putamen 1⁄4 12.1 6 7.3%; human: caudate 1⁄4 19.8 6 10.6%, putamen 1⁄4 16.6 6 12.7%). In the NHP, SAM760 treatment produced exposure dependent RO in the striatum, with a complete blockade of the receptor at free drug plasma exposures of > 10 nM. Human RO studies with SAM-760 demonstrated RO within the striatum of > 70% following treatment with a single oral dose of 60 mg. Conclusions: The PET radiotracer [C]GSK215083 demonstrated robust test-retest reliability within striatal structures for both species. Characterization of the RO: exposure relationship for SAM-760 in NHP and human striatum demonstrated that high levels of RO can be achieved at clinically relevant drug exposures. These studies provide support for dose selection for the further development of SAM-760 as a potential treatment for the cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease.


The unit commitment problem in a power system involves determining a start-up and shut-down schedule of units to be used to meet the forecasted demand, over a future short term (24-168 hour) period. In solving the unit commitment problem, generally two basic decisions are involved. The "unit commitment" decision involves determining which generating units are to be running during each hour of the planning horizon, considering system capacity requirements including reserve, and the constraints on the start up and shut down of units. The related "economic dispatch" decision involves the allocation of system demand and spinning reserve capacity among the operating units during each specific hour of operation. As these two decisions are interrelated, the unit commitment problem generally embraces both these decisions, and the objective is to obtain an overall least cost solution for operating the power system over the scheduling horizon. The unit commitment problem belongs to the class of complex combinatorial optimization problems. During the past decade a new approach named "Lagrangian Relaxation" has been evolving for generating efficient solutions for this class of problems. It derives its name from the well-known mathematical technique of using Lagrange multipliers for solving constrained optimization problems, but is really a decomposition technique for the solution of large scale mathematical programming problems. The Lagrangian relaxation methodology generates easy subproblems for deciding commitment and generation schedules for single units over the planning horizon, independent of the commitment of other units.


A new adaptive approach combined with Media filter and gradient-based adaptive filter is presented for removing the noise in the interferogram. Filtering phase noise in an interferogram is an important aspect in INSAR data processing. But any improper altering of the wrapped phase may influence the quality of derived DEM because the interferometric phase contains the topographic information. Therefore one of the difficulties in phase noise filtering is how to remove the noise and preserve the sharp sawtooth profile of the fringe effectively. The interferometric phase image behaves with the fringe in the form of modulus 2π wrapped phase. Filtering directly in interferogram may smooth the sharp edge of the sawtooth in the fringe and damage the unwrapped phase contribution. Some investigators have shown that the processing should not be conducted directly in the phase image, but in the complex plane. With the filtering presented in this paper is done in the complex plane before the phase image is formed by means of the arc tangent operator, i.e. in the real and imaginary component of the interferogram respectively.The gradient-based filtering is an iterative algorithm. In the iteration, the moving window average with adaptive weight is conducted. The weight is varied with the gradient contribution of phase image. The less of the weight is corresponding to the larger gradient value so that the boundary of the fringe is not blurred. Additionally, the moving window is small to avoid the average of the phase values belonging to the different sides of the boundary. But the algorithm is not effective for the spike-like noise because it may also arose the great gradient and be treated as the boundary. To suppress the spike-like noise, the small window Media filtering is applied before the gradient-based average.Compared with existing approach for phase noise filtering, the presented approach does not need complex procedure for the parameter estimation and are easy to be implemented. The effectiveness is verified with the interferogram generated from SIR-C/X-SAR repeat-pass INSAR data.


The invention discloses a monitoring method for a laser annealing machine. The method comprises the following steps of measuring the particle level of a monitoring piece on the laser annealing machine to obtain a particle measuring front value; adopting a first power value in the laser annealing machine to perform laser scanning on the monitoring piece; measuring the particle level of the monitoring piece to obtain a particle measuring rear value; annealing the monitoring piece by adopting a fast heat annealing method; injecting perborate onto the monitoring piece; adopting a second power value in the laser annealing machine to perform laser scanning on the monitoring piece, wherein the second power value is larger than the first power value; measuring the square resistance value of the monitoring piece to obtain the measuring value of the square resistance value. According to the monitoring method for the laser annealing machine, under the premise that two daily monitoring flows needed on the laser annealing machine are finished, the monitoring piece is effectively saved and the manufacturing cost is reduced.


A gelatin‐based, strong, ductile hydrogel is prepared by soaking a virgin gelatin hydrogel in ammonium sulfate solutions. Chain bundling, hydrophobic interactions, and microphase separation regions induced by the Hofmeister effect endow the hydrogels with superior mechanical properties.


1. Perspective The number of personal bankruptcy has been increasing recently in Japan. The burden of defaulted credits to Consumer Finance Companies (so called "sala-kin" in Japan) has been increasing accordingly. On the background of this trend, we can detect the following three peculiarities in Japanese Consumer Credit Market, 1) The stock of the whole consumer credit decreased from at its peak 75thousand billion yen in 1996 to 65thousand billion yen in 2000, which is nearly equal to the level of 1990. 2) The stock of the non-bank consumer credit i.e. the consumer credit supplied by Consumer Finance Company and Shopping Credit Company, increased from 1990 to 1996 by 4.8% annually. Then it suddenly slowed down its growth rate and increased by only 1.0% annually from 1996 to 2000. However the number of personal bankruptcy mainly caused by the non-bank consumer credit continues to increase rapidly. These facts indicate the enlargement of the share of high-risk loans in the non-bank consumer credit. 3) In spite of the high interest rate, the stock of the consumer credit supplied by Consumer Finance Companies continues to increase rapidly in 1996 to 2000, i.e. by 10% annually. These three peculiarities indicate the possibility that the harsh competition in Consumer Finance Market has induced the deterioration of the quality of the consumer credit supplied by Consumer Finance Companies. 2. Analyses The competition is said to improve the efficiency of markets. However in the credit market, which is characterized by asymmetry of information, if it is not well equipped with institutionalized incentives and conditions to control the risk of credits, the competition often results in creating the voluminous high-risk loans. In this regard, we have a very impressive multi-debt borrower problem, so called "taju-saimusya mondai" in Japanese, who continues to increase his debt endlessly, even when he is surely unable to reimburse his debts, to go bankrupt. A serious multi-debt borrower problem occurs in the market, where the multi-debt borrower, who has already large debt and small possibility to be able to repay, can easily find new creditors, because he has to have new credits to reimburse the old ones. In this market, a loan to the high-risk borrower would not go bankrupt easily, as he could take new credits when he happen to be unable to repay the debt. The loans to the high-risk borrowers are apt to disturb the risk evaluation in the market and the harsh competition would result in increasing voluminous risky loans. In this paper, while focusing on the multi-debt borrower problem as a typical anomaly in the financial market, I explore the mechanism of the multi-debt borrower problem, its causal relation with law and institutions and how it affects the efficiency and the stability of Japanese Consumer Credit Market dynamically. Then I study the concrete measures to improve the performance of Japanese Consumer Credit Market. 3. Results (1) As the debtor and the creditor share the cost of defaulted credits according to the procedure defined by bankrupt laws and the burden of the defaulted debtor is bounded, this happens to cause moral-hazard, i.e. when the debt becomes too large, the debtor continues to increase his debt endlessly without considerations about the possibility to reimburse his debt. (2) As the high transaction cost and the serious uncertainty of the legal bankrupt procedure interrupt the defaulted debtor to go bankrupt and there is not yet a system of Credit Bureau, where every creditor can acquire the personal credit history of every debtor, in Japan, the debtor's ordinary inclination to borrow too much could not be suppressed effectively and the creditor, who will lend without any considerations about the debtor's reimbursement capability, will emerge and he will cause the serious multi-debtor problem in Consumer Finance Market. (3) On certain conditions, Noise-Lenders, who will lend without any considerations about the debtor`s reimbursement capability, expand to influence the whole market. The loans of Noise-Lenders disturb the risk evaluation in Consumer Finance Market and cause the adverse selection, i.e. the harsh competition in the market expands loans to the high-risk debtors. (4) The adverse selection increases the burden of defaulted credits in the long run to wipe out the conditions for the existence of Noise-Lenders at a stretch. The potentially defaulted debts, veneered to be healthy debts by Noise-Lenders, shall abruptly go bankrupt and Japanese Consumer Credit Market will experience a serious disorder. As the loans to reimburse the old debts could only postpone the timing of default and do not improve the welfare of the debtor, Consumer Finance Market is an inefficient market to increase such kind of socially wasteful loans. (5) The current maximum interest rate regulation, which prohibits the interest rate higher than 30%, injures the efficiency of the market and is little help for the effective risk control in the market. We should improve the bankrupt laws and procedure and built a system of Credit Bureau as soon as possible.


A novel L/C dual-band dual-polarized shared-aperture antenna with a single-layer perforated structure is proposed for synthetic aperture radar(SAR) applications.The aim is to broaden the impedance bandwidth in the lower L-band of the L/C shared-aperture SAR antenna.The antenna element has been simulated,fabricated and measured.The measurements show that the bandwidths,defined as reflection coefficient being less than or equal to-10 dB,is increased to 13.7% in the lower L-band,while that of the higher C-band reaches 17.0%.Experimental results have verified this design.


Pharmacovigilance is the science of, and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of drug-related problems. Over the lase decade, pharmacovigilance activities have contributed to the development of numerous technological and conventional advances focused on medication safety and regulatory intervention. The topics discussed include: 1) Proactive Pharmacovigilance; 2) A New Frontier; 3) Research Activities; 4) Project Purpose; 5) Methods; 6) Flight Stability Kit Components; 7) Experimental Conditions; 8) Research Project Logistics; 9) Research Plan; 10) Pharmaceutical Stability Research Project Pharmacovigilance Aspects; 11) Security / Control; 12) Packaging/Containment Actions; 13) Shelf-Life Assessments; 14) Stability Assessment Parameters; 15) Chemical Content Analysis; 16) Preliminary Results; 17) Temperature/Humidity; 18) Changes in PHysical and Chemical Assessment Parameters; 19) Observations; and 20) Conclusions.


In the post-9/11 period, it was widely accepted and appeared to inform Western foreign policies that there is a causal link between Islamist terrorism and the lack of democracy in the Middle East. Partly funded by the United States Institute of Peace, Islamist Terrorism and Democracy in the Middle East challenges this widely held assumption through a detailed investigation into the activities of both radical and moderate Islamist groups across the Middle East. The author, Katerina Dalacoura, explores whether repression and political exclusion pushed Islamist groups to adopt terrorist tactics and whether inclusion in the political process had the opposite effect of encouraging them toward moderation and ideological pragmatism.Although political explanations of repression and exclusion are the book's primary focus, Dalacoura emphasizes a combination of social, economic, and political factors as the material/ structural causes. She investigates how they interact with ideas and ideologies or ideational causes in pushing some Islamist movements towards terrorism. Her analysis mainly rests on a grievance- or strain-based approach and it guides her analysis of the case studies in the book. The case of al-Qaeda is analyzed to challenge the assumptions that Islamist terrorism now operates exclusively in association with al-Qaeda and as part of a transnational network. To show that these assumptions are unfounded Dalacoura analyzes the movements of Hamas and Hizbullah, and those of the Armed Islamic Group in Algeria (GIA) and the Gamaa Islamiya in Egypt. She argues that these prominent Islamist movements are not at all associated with al-Qaeda and they "employ terrorist tactics while remaining firmly embedded in their respective domestic contexts" (p. 40). On the other hand, a transnational, rootless existence, which in the case of al-Qaeda reinforced its lack of connectedness with political processes, does not necessarily lead other radical transnational Islamist movements like Hizb ut Tahrir to adopt terrorist tactics.If a consistent causal link between political factors and Islamist terrorism cannot be established, then what might be the cause of this terrorism? Although Dalacoura states that it is "not the purpose of the book to answer what causes Islamist terrorism," she does offer "some tentative answers" to the question (p. 181). In the cases of GIA and Gamaa Islamiya, for example, socio-economic factors (e.g., marginalization, alienation, economic deprivation, and poverty) are shown to have played a role in their violent insurgencies against their respective governments. On the other hand, in the cases of al-Qaeda, Hamas and Hizbullah, their terrorist tactics are thought to be highly strategic/instrumental; they were used when their leaderships concluded that these actions might help deliver the expected results (in terms of their ideologies).Is the moderation of some Islamist groups or movements the result of their acceptance of democracy and political pluralism? To answer this question, Dalacoura looks at some Islamist movements directed against their respective governments: the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood, the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood and the Tunisian Nahda movements. She also examines the experience of some governments, such as Turkey's government-supported Justice and Development Party and Welfare Party, and the Islamic Revolution in Iran. …


Building on recent work, I present sequent systems for the nonclassical logics LP, K3, and FDE with two main virtues. First, derivations closely resemble those in standard Gentzen-style systems. Second, the systems can be obtained by reformulating a classical system using nonstandard sequent structure and simply removing certain structural rules (relatives of exchange and contraction). I clarify two senses in which these logics count as "substructural."


Nearly all accounts of Tibetans in exile acknowledge the remarkable extent to which they have been able to maintain their culture against all odds. They were premised on the idea that exile and identity was only worth studying insofar as it contained traces of "how things were in the past", and proof of how well that past has been preserved. The result of this approach to refugee studies has been the tendency to neglect the variety of strategies displayed by Tibetans with regard to "place-making". Without making any definitive claims about the prevalence of a distinctly "Darjeeling Tibetan exile culture", this ethnographic study of Tibetan refugees in Darjeeling town, India shows how the experience of movement to and from a "place" – Darjeeling town reconstitutes the idea that Tibetan refugees have of their relation to a specific "place" in the diaspora; of how this sense of "place" in the diaspora gives meaning and purpose to refugee lives.


To investigate effectiveness and safety of belimumab in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a clinical practice setting.


Methods and apparatus are provided for combining assets for a streaming video signal. Video assets are provided in an adaptive bit rate format. The video assets may comprise fragments of various types of video content. A stitched manifest identifying a combination of the video assets is created in response to a client request for one or more of the video assets. The stitched manifest is provided to a client and used by the client to request the combination of video assets for playback as one continuous video stream in an order specified by the stitched manifest.


This study investigates the combined effect of human capital investment through education mechanisms, and financial investment through financial literacy on economic growth in Thailand. During study period is annual at 1995 until 2020. Every data from the world bank. In doing the estimation we do an autoregressive vector estimation. We found that human capital investment and financial capital are equally important. Where the increase in education that creates skilled human beings and has high human capital supported by investment in the real sector and good financial literacy can encourage maximum economic growth in Thailand.


After building the High Aswan Dame (HAD), flood water is stored in Lake Nasser. The biochemical composition of the phytoplankton community and microbial load are considered as biomarkers of the ecosystem including water, sediments, plant and fish in different khors of Lake Nasser. So the present study investigated the variation of chlorophyll a in water of Dahmeit and Tushka Khors during high flood and drought seasons. Also, the total protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents of phytoplankton and the microbial load in water, sediment, macrophytes and fish in these Khors during high flood and drought seasons were investigated. Data of this study indicated that Tushka khor recorded higher yield of all biochemical contents of algae than Dahmeit khor during the two seasons. In addition, higher chlorophyll a and protein contents were recorded in surface layer than bottom one. Microbial analyses indicated that the total bacterial counts and the total diazotrophs were present in high population densities in all water samples at different seasons. Higher flooding season recorded higher autochthonous and allochthonous as well as higher diazotrophic bacteria than drought season for Tushka khor. Furthermore, Tushka Khor recorded higher nitrogen-fixing bacteria than dahmiet khor. Also, Tushka khor recorded slightly higher total sediment bacterial counts than Dahmeit khor. On the other hand, the highest bacterial load of various fish organs was recorded in Dahmeit khor compared to Tushka khor. Microbial analyses of macrophyte species included total bacterial counts, as well as total diazotrophs were present in high population densities in all sample at deferent seasons. This study provides evidence that the biochemical composition of phytoplankton as well as water and sediment quality and fish healthy and distribution of macrophytes is affected by the flood. Thus, great efforts and cooperation between different authorities are needed to regular evaluation and study Lake Nasser and its khors to protect them from pollution and reduce environmental risk.


Phase change material has been widely used in the fields of solar energy, aerospace, aviation, and buildings. In this paper, paraffin is applied in the thermal design of electronic equipment, in order to maintain a constant working circumstance. Finite-element analysis is implemented to analyze the feasibility of this thermal design.


The working concept of "cf-matter," defined as "neutron drops in a thin neutron liquid" as described in previous papers, is used to explain complex events, especially nuclear transmutations, in cold fusion phenomenon (CFP). In samples used in CF experiments, the cf-matter contains high-density neutron drops in surface/boundary regions while in the volume it contains only a few of them, in accordance with experimental data. Generation of various nuclear transmutations, the most interesting features in CFP, are explained naturally if we use the concept of the cf-matter. Qualitative correspondence between the relative isotopic abundance of elements in the universe and the number of observations of elements in CFP is shown using more than 40 experimental data, sets. This facts is an evidence showing statistically that CFP in transition-metal hydrides/deuterides is a low energy version of nuclear processes occurring in the stars catalyzed by, specific neutrons in the cf-matter formed in surface/boundary regions of CF materials. 1. Abundance of Elements in the Universe 2. Formation of the cf-matter 3. Coulomb lattice in the cf-matter 4. Interaction of the cf-matter with extraneous nuclides in terms of experimental data 5. Production of New Nuclides in CFP 6. Relation of CFP Data with Abundances of the Elements 7. Discussion Acknowledgement References Papers used to count Nob in Table 4 Appendix "Solid State-Nuclear Physics of Cold Fusion Phenomenon"


This template calculates the correlated color temperature (CCT) and the CIE 1976 u'v' chromaticities from the five-point CIE 1931 chromaticity uniformity measurement. It also calculates the corresponding chromaticity differences from a reference white point given by its CCT.


This article presents main differences between Map/Reduce (MRP) and Collect/Report (CRP) paradigms. The most important difference is that in MRP the calculations and data must be all completely independent. In opposite, the CRP assumes that all data are interconnected and may be processed in common, taking in account all interconnections.


1. SUMMARY At the Strategic Policy Committee of 3 rd November 2005 it was agreed that the Biennial report is to be presented to the Local Area Committees for the four areas to allow members to consider whether the flooding incidents reported properly reflect the situation over the past two years. 2. RECOMMENDATIONS Members to consider and comment on this report in terms of the report properly reflecting the incidence of flooding within Mid Argyll, Kintyre and Islay. 3. DETAIL This report is based on the requirements of the Flood Prevention and Land Drainage (Scotland)1997. This Act is concerned with flooding of non-agricultural land with two or more dwellings affected.


The author looked back on the development process of the Olympic Games insurance in China,analyzed the various risks and current problems concerning Olympic Games and put forward suggestions to accelerate the development of Beijing Olympic Games insurance professionally,internationally and normally.


Based on the mechanism of anaerobic fermentation,the causes of invalidity of anaerobic fermentation of chemical fiber waste water were analyzed entirely.The concrete measures were presented to deal with invalidity instantly for the reestablishment.