With its maxim, "Geographical exploration is commercial progress," the American Geographical Society articulated a dominant way of seeing the world in the late-nineteenth-century United States; a belief that not only would exploration lead to commercial gain--although the AGS certainly didn't deny that it would--but that exploration itself was commercial progress; mother words, the conquering of space was part of the progressive "mission." As Karen Morin shows us, the AGS as an institution and the men who gave it life both reflected and shaped dominant notions of progress, civilization, and space that were circulating in late-nineteenth-century America, giving us our first interrogation of the role of geography--as a popular set of practices, as a worldview, and as a discipline--in the making of the American empire. Civic Discipline, in other words, helps us understand what geography was and did during the second half of the nineteenth century, a key moment in the ascension and extension of the United States as a national and global power. It lays bare what many of us have thought but have had little evidence to confirm: that geographers like Charles Daly directly profited from, and helped legitimize, the American empire. This, among many other contributions, makes Civic Discipline an important book. My comments here are directed at two aspects of the book that made me want to ask for more; that pushed me to think of new connections and possibilities. The first has to do with the connections between the strategies, practices, and discourses of America's "internal" empire and its external, "foreign" empire, of which Civic Discipline provides two rich examples. In the first example, Morin discusses Daly's and the AGS'S role in promoting railroad and canal development in the United States and in Central America. As she shows, the AGS actively promoted and gave scientific legitimacy to the expansionist narrative of America's manifest destiny through publications both scholarly and popular, and through Daly's influential annual addresses. They did this by collecting and distributing geographical information detailing the space and the resources of the U.S. West, because, as they wrote, "Nothing would conduce more to the unity, stability, and future greatness of our country, than the exploration and exposition of the resources of the great region which lies between the Mississippi and the Pacific" (Contributions to Physical Geography 1873, quoted in Morin 2011, 96). In turn, acting as the promulgator of these geoeconomic hopes for the U.S. West served to give the AGS the social and scientific status it sought. It also guided some of Daly's investments in land and people in the northern Midwest, including the Northern Pacific Railroad. When the AGS turned its sights to South America in the late 187os and 188os, Morin skillfully draws out the explicit and implicit connections between Daly, the AGS, commercial interests, and the federal government's plans to build an interoceanic isthmus canal. It is at this point that I wanted to know more about the ways in which Daly's experiences with the Northern Pacific Railroad shaped--or didn't shape--his actions and words when, as a judge, geographer, and commercial investor, Daly positioned the evidence in favor of a location for the canal in Nicaragua. In addition, I was curious about whether the AGS wrote about and/or considered Central and South America in ways similar to its geoeconomic hopes for the U.S. West. Broadly speaking, I was interested in understanding how, when the United States was barely ascendant as a global power, geography and geographers morphed their understanding of the U.S. West into their early forays outside its borders. Were Central America and South America, for example, seen as the next frontier, as America's manifest destiny pushed onto the world stage? In a similar vein, I was very interested in exploring connections between Daly's interests in social reform movements close to home, in New York City, and his support of King Leopold's efforts to control the Congo for his and others' economic interests. …


Digital simulation is an effective means of researching the key technologies for marine electrical propulsion system. It is set up a set of mathematic models with the universal character for AC-DC-AC VSI convertor matching asynchronous motor. The mathematic models are transformed to simulation models in Saber software to provide an effective simulation platform for the research of electrical propulsion system characteristics. Simulation experiments under typical conditions are done by system models. The digital simulation results are compared with test-bed data, which proves the accuracy and precision of the system models.


Banking sector plays a key role in the socio-economic development of the country. Banking in India, in the modern sense, originated in the last decades of the 18 th century. The nationalized banks are the majority of lenders in the Indian economy. . Access to banking system has improved over the years due to persistent government efforts to promote banking technology and promote expansion in unbanked and non-metropolitan regions.. Indian banks have already embraced the international banking supervision of Basel II, and majority of Basel III, which has a deadline of March 31, 2019.The Government of India led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi initiated a revolutionary step on 8 th November 2016 with an objective to curb black money and cashless transactions. As a result there has been severe inconvenience faced by people in availing banking services throughout the country. The customer perception towards banking and financial services has significantly changed post demonetization. The biggest problem faced by the Indian banking sector is Non Performing Assets (NPAs).The Government of India and RBI shall solve the problem of NPAs to establish people trust over the banks. It is common knowledge that if banking sector collapses the entire economic system of the country would collapse.


ABSTRACT In this study, the Turkish adaptation of the Korean Cancer Stigma Scale (CSS), which was developed by So, Chae, Kim, (2017), was studied for validity and reliability. Modeling of the methodological type of study sample in medicine. Of the cancer patients who came to oncology clinics and ambulatory chemotherapy units for treatment, 327 were included. Data were collected by using a personal information form and the CSS. The translation-retranslation method was used to test the Turkish validity and reliability of the original version of the CSS in English. Six sub-dimensions similar to the original CSS form were identified and factor loads were found between 0.197 and 0.903 as a result of exploratory factor analysis. However, item 6 (0.197) was removed from the scale as its factor load diverged from the recommended value. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's sphericity tests were used to evaluate the adequacy and suitability of the sample of the research before performing the factor analysis. The KMO value was found to be 0.894, and this value showed that the scale was suitable for factor analysis. Likewise, Bartlett's sphericity test results (x2 = 4008.269, p = 0.000) show that the data are suitable for factor analysis. Many indices were used to examine the fit of the model belonging to CSS. Of these, x 2/SD value was found to be 2.928, GFI 0.856, IFI 0.905, CFI 0.904, RMSEA 0.077 and SRMR 0.057, and it was decided that the scale was acceptable. The Cronbach alpha coefficient value measured for CSS is equal to 0.897. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for the CSS sub-dimension 'social isolation' is equal to 0.917, 'distancing or avoiding' 0.852, 'attribution' 0.898, 'guilt' 0.758, 'discrimination' 0.692 and 'lack of medical support' 0.664. Confirmatory factor analysis fit index values, normal and acceptable values were determined for CSS consisting of 23 items and 6 sub-dimensions.


A knowledge system of the herbal garden in India was developed and these herbal gardens' information was statistically classified for efficient data processing, sharing and retrieving of information, which could act as a decision tool to the farmers, researchers, decision makers and policy makers in the field of medicinal plant species. Key words: Knowledge system, herbal garden, medicinal plant, decision tool.


Limits of detection of concentrations for dissolved samples of Medium fuel oil and Marine gas oil were measured by two frequency of laser induced fluorescence with 266 and 400 wave length and 100 fs pulses duration. Dynamics of fluorescence spectrums of different types of oil products was investigated.


The New Edition of the Letters of Vincent Van Gogh on the Web is a review of the web edition of the complete authorial correspondence of the 19th century Dutch painter Vincent Van Gogh published by the Van Gogh Museum and the Huygens Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2009. While the print version, published by Thames & Hudson in the same year, received ample attention in the specialized and generalist press, the web edition enjoyed less publicity; this review considers the added value of the web version.


This paper presents a method for seducing computations in fuzzy logic inference. Reduction of computations is achieved via three points: (1) avoid match-degree computations over the whole universe; (2) remove redundant match-degree calculation in common IF-clauses; and (3) omit calculations of the same fuzzy value in the 'THEN-part' of different rules. By using these techniques, we show several times improvements over previous methods by truck backer-upper control systems. We also note that no information of linguistic concept is lost in proposed method.


In this letter, we describe and validate the first fully automatic parameter optimization for thermal synthetic aperture visualization. It replaces previous manual exploration of the parameter space, which is time-consuming and error-prone. We prove that the visibility of targets in thermal integral images is proportional to the variance of the targets' image. Since this is invariant to occlusion, it represents a suitable objective function for optimization. Our findings have the potential to enable fully autonomous search and recuse operations with camera drones.


Nearly 9 million U.S. children and adolescents are susceptible to measles, according to a new study.

Researchers said vaccination rates are just barely above the herd immunity threshold and expressed concern about the potential for widespread illness if rates decline.

"We don't have a very


Abstract Within the decorative borders that frame the painted murals of Teotihuacan, artists constructed a unique landscape. Stylized natural imagery is frequently organized according to recurring patterns. A medallion form, for instance, sometimes surmounted by a face or headdress, may be the representation of a supernatural being that floats freely, unfettered by the constraints of gravity. Disembodied hands, painted in association with this form or as components of other structures, dispense riches that fall in carefully measured streams.


Governments at all levels and corporations looking to deploy the next generation of interconnected intelligent transportation systems (ITS) will have to account for risks, vulnerabilities, threats and exploits not normally associated with technology in the roadway today. Users and businesses will continue to demand increasing levels of access, compatibility and functionality between ITS enabled infrastructures and personal devices while maintaining privacy, availability and security. Organizations should implement an information systems security program that is linked to its strategic ITS goals and objectives, rather than simply focusing on patching servers and peripherals. The reasons are three-fold: (1) For Information Security to be effective in a given organization, it needs to be an overall part of the business strategy of the organization or support it; (2) Effective Information Security needs to be visible to and have the support and governance of the organization at the highest levels; (3) An effective information security program must be measurable and reportable as a business process.


rator, and so, one suspects, do thousands of contemporary readers who expect from a novel more than the pleasures of puzzlesolving or the joys of confusion. (White rats can be made neurotic by such deliberate confusion of their expectations.) And quite apart from the degree and kind of pleasure to be derived from reading, Mr. Booth suspects that in developing the unreliable narrator to his logical conclusion, contemporary novelists of a certain kind have painted themselves into a corner that not even the


Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary (MCTO) is the most common ovarian germ cell tumor. Its malignant transformation is a rare complication that occurs in almost 2% of the MCTs. MCTO is benign and usually appears between 30 and 40 years of age, but patients with malignant ovarian MCT are 10–15 years older than those with benign MCT. The most common malignant transformation in MCTO is Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) which is rarely diagnosed with pre-operative imaging. We report the case of a postmenopausal woman, presenting with severe abdominal pain and a large palpable mass in her abdomen. She was diagnosed postoperatively with SCC arising from MCTO which was confirmed histopathologically. The patient received postoperative chemotherapy and was well at 6-month follow-up after chemotherapy. MCTO is benign, but can rarely become malignant in older ages. So MCTO-arising SCC should be considered in elderly women with abdominal pain and mass, and also some other evident features such as large tumor diameter, elevated serum markers, and solid components in Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).


Experiments are presented, which demonstrate the properties of x-ray radiation and redistribution of radiant thermal energy in high Z cylindrical cavities filled with low Z CH foam. Time integrated spectra records were obtained by a calibrated space-resolved transmission grating spectrometer. The x-ray radiation became weaker in intensity and was changed to a softer near-Planckian radiation light after a 1500 μm long transport in the foam filling cavity. The experimental redistribution of the radiant thermal energy was plotted and compared to the numerical results of a simplified model. Good agreements have been achieved.


A filtration algorithm is developed on the basis of the generalized work functional. The performance of the algorithm is investigated from the standpoint of stability in the presence of variations in the level of observation noise. Numerical results from a mathematical simulation are presented.


The compounds Sn(CH2CH2CO2Me)2(C3S5)1(R = Me or Pri) and [Q][Sn(CH2CH2CO2Me)(C3S5)2]2(Q = NEt4 or 1,4-dimethylpyridinium; C3S5= 4,5-disulfanyl-1,3-dithiole-2-thionate) have been prepared and characterised by solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. A crystal structure determination of 1(R = Me) revealed it to be a monomeric six-co-ordinate, distorted-octahedral complex with chelating MeO2CCH2CH2 groups and trans-carbon atoms [Sn–O(C) 2.629(7)A]. The MeO2CCH2CH2 group in 2, both in solution and in the crystal, is monodentate: the tin centres in the anions of both complexes 2 were shown to have structures closer to rectangular pyramids than to trigonal bipyramids. There were, however, slight differences in the solid-state structures of the anions, particularly in regard to the separations of the Sn and carbonyl oxygen atoms; Sn ⋯ O intramolecular distances are 4.84(1) and 3.371(4)A in 2(Q = NEt4) and 2(Q = 1,4-dimethylpyridinium) respectively. There were also differences in the packing of the anions.


Automated human face recognition is mainly divided into two parts one is face detection and second one is recognition of detected faces. The paper proposes a viola Jones algorithm for face detection in color images, with detection of multiple faces in an image. Further the images given in bulk are clustered as – all the images of one particular face into one folder.


In this paper, we present data on saving rates and related variables in China and conduct an econometric analysis of the determinants of the household saving rate using a life-cycle model with habit formation and panel data on Chinese provinces for the 1995-2004 period from the household survey conducted by the Chinese government. To summarize our main findings, we find that China's saving rate has been high and that it has generally shown an upward trend over time and that the main determinants of variations over time and over space in China's household saving rate are the lagged saving rate, the income growth rate, and (in some cases) the real interest rate and the inflation rate. However, we find that the variables relating to the age structure of the population do not have a significant impact on the household saving rate. These results provide mixed support for the life cycle hypothesis, are consistent with the existence of inertia, persistence, or habit formation, and imply that China's household saving rate will remain high for some time to come.


Chase Powers shares his considerable talent and experience, blending hard-to-find information, advice, and technical data into one all-inclusive resource. He covers a variety of replica and contemporary styles, offering expert guidance on how to adapt designs to work with a variety of traffic patterns and structural limitations. You get essential information on all of the most-requested materials in use today, as well as extensive suggestions about details and amenities such as skylights, flooring, walls and ceilings, cabinets, countertops, pantries, fireplaces, and wood stoves. You'll save time and money by following Powers' effective tips on estimating, demolition, working with subcontractors, and more. With the many full-color and black-and-white illustrations, you and your clients can visualize the rewards an inspired kitchen can bring to a home, both in aesthetic appeal and resale value.


The chromosome-numbers of females in two dragonet fish species, Callionymus beniteguri and C. ornatipinnis, are thirty-eight (2n=38), all being subtelocentric in morphology. In the males of these two species, however, the chromosome number is thirty-seven (2n=37), among which one chromosome is of large metacentric in morphology. Two haploid chromosome numbers, n=18 and 19, are found to occur in the secondary spermatocytes. In the latter with n=18, one large metacentric chromosome is always present in any cell. The metacentric element observed in somatic and germ cells is suggested to be the Y chromosome. Thus, the sex-chromosome mechanism in these two species is inferred to be a multiple system, being an X1X2-X1X2 mechanism in the female, and an X1X2-Y in the male.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the extent to which adolescents with diabetes and their mothers appraise diabetes as a shared entity across adolescence through (a) assessing appraisals of illness ownership and their relationship to joint responsibility for daily diabetes tasks, (b) exploring whether appraisals of shared illness ownership are associated with congruent views of what is stressful about diabetes, and (c) examining whether age-related declines occur in these shared appraisals across adolescence.

METHODS
One hundred twenty-seven adolescents (ages 10-15 years, M = 12.8) and their mothers completed an interview that probed appraisals of illness ownership, the most stressful events surrounding diabetes in the past week, and a questionnaire regarding who was responsible for performing diabetes-related tasks.

RESULTS
Dyads, most frequently, agreed that diabetes was a "shared" entity. Shared appraisals of illness ownership reflected the greater joint responsibility of mothers and children in daily diabetes tasks. Shared appraisals of illness ownership were not related to congruent reports of diabetes stressful events, and incongruence in appraisals of stressful events was common. With age adolescents reported less shared illness ownership and congruence regarding stressful events, age differences were not seen in mothers' reports.

CONCLUSIONS
Although diabetes is often appraised as a social entity, adolescents and their mothers experience different aspects of the disease as stressful, especially as adolescents age, and become more independent in performing diabetes-related tasks.


The correlation time and activational motion energy of absorbed water molecules in Kaolinite and Allophane clay were experimentally calculated using a . broad line N. M. R. spectra of


Results Of 127 participants randomized to receive escitalopram (n=64) or placebo (n=63), 112 (88.2%) completed end point assessments (n=56 in each group). At the end of 6 weeks, more patients taking escitalopram (34.2% [95% CI, 25.4%-43.0%]) had absence of MSIMI during the 3 mental stressor tasks compared with patients taking placebo (17.5% [95% CI, 10.4%-24.5%]), based on the unadjusted multiple imputation model for intentionto-treat analysis. A significant difference favoring escitalopram was observed (odds ratio, 2.62 [95% CI, 1.06-6.44]). Rates of exercise-induced ischemia were slightly lower at 6 weeks in the escitalopram group (45.8% [95% CI, 36.6%-55.0%]) than in patients receiving placebo (52.5% [95% CI, 43.3%-61.8%]), but this difference was not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio; 1.24 [95% CI, 0.60-2.58]; P=.56). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with stable coronary heart disease and baseline MSIMI, 6 weeks of escitalopram, compared with placebo, resulted in a lower rate of MSIMI. There was no statistically significant difference in exerciseinduced ischemia. Replication of these results in multicenter settings and investigations of other medications for reducing MSIMI are needed. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00574847.


Main findings 4 major categories that described the smoking patterns of the late adolescent girls emerged in the form of stories. The start story described when and why the girls began their smoking behaviour. Smoking behaviour emerged at varying ages from early puberty to late adolescence and stemmed from a need to "fit in" socially, to portray a "cool" or "mature" image, and to rebel. Peer and family influence were also expressed as factors for starting to smoke. The smoking story described how experimental use with cigarettes progressed to regular use, which usually meant an increase in the number of cigarettes smoked. Perceived benefits of smoking were feelings of connectedness with other smokers and a method of coping with uncomfortable feelings. Few used smoking for weight control. The symbolism of smoking differed with age: for younger girls, smoking represented sophistication and defiance, whereas for older girls, smoking had a negative connotation. Maturity and self reflection led to feelings of regret for having started smoking. All girls described the addictive effects of nicotine. The quit story described the attempts to stop smoking. Several girls were in various stages of attempting to quit and described a start stop cycle for quitting. Road blocks to quitting included withdrawal symptoms such as cravings and edginess and the positive association of smoking with drinking alcohol. Most participants identified self motivation and the emotional support of friends and family as helpful factors in smoking cessation. Nicotine gum and the patch were not perceived as aids that they would use. The looking to the future story referred to the hopes and fears associated with smoking. Many girls hoped to be able to stop smoking in the future and then to remain "smoke free"; however, several girls had no desire to stop smoking because it was so much a part of their identity. The girls expressed a fear of the effects of smoking during pregnancy and the effects of second hand smoke on children.


Simulation technology has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for reducing costs, improving quality, and shortening the time-to-market for manufactured goods in the manufacturing industry. But, there are a number of technical and economic barriers that hinder the use of this technology in the manufacturing industry. The cost of developing, implementing, and using simulation technology is high. The costs of integrating simulation systems with other manufacturing applications are even higher. There is always a need to transfer, exchange and share data between simulation and other manufacturing applications. Developing custom-built proprietary interfaces is too costly and makes using simulation technology prohibitive for most users. The development of reusable, neutral, standard interface, would make it easier and could help reduce the costs to integrate simulation and other manufacturing applications. NIST researchers in collaboration with industrial partners have been working on a standards development effort titled Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) Product Development Group (PDG) under the guidelines, policies and procedures of the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO). This paper presents the purpose of the CMSD effort, provides an overview of the CMSD Information Model, and describes an approach on how the CMSD Information Model is used to support the integration of manufacturing simulations.


on to an aqueous surface. A suspension ofparticulate surfactant inserted into the trachea of premature rabbits aids lung expansion, gas retention, oxygenation, and survival time.9-'2 Studies on surfactant-depleted rats have shown that instilled or nebulised dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, or nebulised natural surfactant, has little effect on lung residual capacity but that when a surfactant suspension is instilled there is a striking increase.13 This evidence suggests that a mist ofphospholipid liposomes is unlikely to be useful in treating RDS but that relatively dry surfactant particles placed in the bronchi would spread to the alveoli and be effective. If synthetic surfactant is to work it must be given early-before atelectasis and hyaline membranes block the alveoli. A mixture of phospholipids in a dry form, a technique of administration, and the right dose may provide the basis for a specific treatment for the respiratory distress syndrome.


This study examined the predictors of academic staff motivation for online teaching in a Nigerian University. Theory of Planned Behaviour served as the conceptual foundation for the study. A survey design was adopted and a total of one hundred and nine-five (195) academic staff participated in the study from a university that was purposefully chosen for the study. A questionnaire tagged 'Academic Staff's Motivation for Online Teaching Survey (SMOTS)' adapted from Chi (2015) was used for data collection. The questionnaire consisted of six domains - demographics, online teaching consideration, perception of online teaching, motivation for online teaching concerning resources, motivation for online teaching with respect to external factors and general motivation to teach online. Data were analyzed using percentages and frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, multiple regression analysis, Pearson Correlation, T-test, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Results of the study revealed that the perception of online teaching and academic staff's motivation for online teaching regarding external factors had a positive significant contribution to the general motivation of academic staff to teach online. Also, age was found to have a significant influence on academic staff's motivation to teach online indicators (perception of teaching online, motivation to teach online regarding resources, and motivation to teach online regarding external factors). Hence, it was concluded that adequate consideration must be given to these identified contributing factors to motivation for online teaching among academic staff by those who design and implement online teaching initiatives in the university to sustain academic staff's interest in online teaching over time. Equally, policy decisions on online teaching in the university should be based on clear objectives for the generality of the academic staff irrespective of age, gender, marital status, and faculty rank.


Aiming at the sealing failure of a water quality monitoring system in a low-temperature environment, a double rubber O-ring sealing structure was designed, and its sealing performance at low temperatures was studied. Finite element software ANSYS constructed the sealing structure, and the change of sealing performance of rubber O-ring in the process of standard temperature installation and low temperature was studied by a two-dimensional axisymmetric model. The results show that the equivalent strain and stress of the sealing structure show an increasing trend during the installation process. With the effect of the medium pressure, the maximum contact stress of the rubber seal ring increases from 2.6285 MPa at 20 ℃ to 2.6657 MPa at 0 ℃. The contact width decreases gradually with the decrease in temperature. With the initial compression rate increase, the maximum contact stress increases significantly. The simulation results show that the double-layer rubber O-ring structure still has good sealing performance at low temperatures.


A multi-speed resolver is one of the most accurate angle sensors, which are transformers having primary rotatable windings with respect to their secondary (pick-up) windings. Multiple speeds are possible because each winding consists of a two-pole winding and a multi-pole winding. We propose a new multi-pole pick-up winding method, in which the angle accuracy is governed by the multi-pole winding, which is a sinusoidally distributed winding on a fractional slot structure (fractional winding). Through comparison of the new structure with conventional structures, the following conclusions were obtained: (1) the suggested fractional windings lead to suppression of maximum spatial harmonics; (2) surviving spatial harmonics on the winding factor involve the number of slots in the repeatable group (Sg); (3) the accuracy of the practical test results indicates that the fractional winding is superior to the conventional winding.


Suomi 100 satellite type of nanosatellite, so called CubeSat, provides a cost effective possibility to provide in-situ measurements in the ionosphere. Especially, combined CubeSat observations with ground-based observations give a new view on auroras and associated electromagnetic phenomena. Especially joint CubeSat – ground based observation campaigns enable the possibility of studying the 3D structure of the ionosphere.


A trilayer formed by two conducting polymer films sandwiched around an adhesive polymer layer works as actuator and sensor simultaneously. This device can be bent up to ±180° and it can be used as a sensing device of physical chemistry parameters such as cell temperature and electrolyte concentration. In this article, it is shown in a didactic way how to electrochemically synthesize ClO4–-doped polypyrrole (PPy) films, how to fabricate a trilayer device, and how to evaluate its actuating and sensing capabilities. The required materials are simple and a complicated setup is not necessary. A laboratory exercise that introduces the actuating properties of polypyrrole as well as the temperature-sensing capabilities of PPy can be used to expose students to electrochemical and smart materials principles.


Latin American societies are full of political myths built over time. Carlos Rangel in his book "Del buen salvaje al buen revolucionario", proposed to denounce many of those fallacies elaborated especially by sectors linked to marxist thought. In that sense, this work aims to perform an analysis of this important work with great validity today. The author analyzes several myths, among them: The purity of indigenous societies, the black legend about the Hispanic conqueror, the acceptance of marxism as a theory in defense of the disadvantaged, imperialism as a cause of the backwardness of the region, are just some of the many wrong rhetoric present in Latin America. The analytical-synthetic method, hermeneutics and heuristics were used to interpret the text. It is concluded that a large part of the myths analyzed by Carlos Rangel in his text are still valid in Latin America, we are still looking to build new utopias based on the indigenous myths of the good savage to achieve social equality, with an anti-Western and anti-imperialist discourse that it has only served to justify several despotisms on the continent in the name of a revolution.


Objective To discuss the reason from which oral cavity Saccharomyces albicans get sick for being infected from the angle of looking at the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected persons and analyzing the saliva secreted immunoglobulin A(sIgA) content and the Saccharomyces albicans adherency change rates. Methods To exam saliva sIgA content, to observe the Saccharomyces albicans standard and clinical separation in content of sIgA that is not contained in the sIgA environment and the buccal mucosa epithelial cell adherency rate by the sticky experiment, and to compare the differences of oral cavity Saccharomyces albicans adherency rate between HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) group and healthy control group. Results The sIgA content in HIV/AIDS group is lower than that of the healthy group(P0.05). In the environment of sIgA content, the ensemble average of Saccharomyces albicans stick rate(standard and clinical separation) is lower than that of the non-sIgA environment, and therefore the differences between the two groups do have the statistics sig-nificance(P=0.001). In the environment of sIgA content, Saccharomyces albicans adherency rate in the oral cavity of the HIV/AIDS group is higher than that of the healthy control group(P0.005). Conclusion The saliva sIgA content change and the Saccharomyces albicans adherency change in the HIV/AIDS group easily infected by the oral candidiasis are interdependent and their relationship is rather close.


What was the nature of geographic variation in peasant unrest during the Russian Revolution? What explains this variation? We discuss and compare two extant sources of information on peasant disturbances from March to October 1917, we illustrate geographic variation in the actions recorded by these sources, and we statistically identify determinants of this variation. We show that two factors robustly drive province-level variation in peasant unrest in 1917: soil quality and the historical prevalence of serfdom.


According to the mapping and positioning requirements of indoor robots, a mobile robot system based on ROS operating system and Lidar is designed and constructed. The robot system uses the PC built with the ROS system as the upper computer, and the STM32 single-chip microcomputer as the lower computer. It uses the Delta-2A Lidar, Odom, and IMU to obtain relevant information, and transmits it to the SLAM of the cartographer algorithm to construct a grid map. The results show that the built map has better accuracy, and the mobile robot system has better portability.


It is an important principle to persist in with executing the law with humanity for harmonious society.At the same time,it is organic unification of executing the law with humanity and rigorism.During executing the law with humanity,police must avoid making two mistakes.One is to damage dignity of law with the pretext of humanity.The other is to deprive the civil right with the pretext of executing the law.Therefore,we must help the police execute the law with humanity through amending the law,heightening the level of executing the law and perfecting the supervisory mechanism.


Robot soccer has become an effective benchmarking problem for robotics research as it requires many aspects of robotics including perception, self localization, motion planning and distributed coordination to work in uncertain and adversarial environments. Especially with humanoid robots that lack inherent stability, a capable and robust motion controller is crucial for generating walking and kicking motions without losing balance. In this paper, we describe the details of a motion controller to control a team of humanoid soccer robots, which consists of a hierarchy of controllers with different time frames and abstraction levels. A low level controller governs the real time control of each joint angle, either using target joint angles or target endpoint transforms. A mid-level controller handles bipedal locomotion and balancing of the robot. A high level controller decides the long term behavior of the robot, and finally the team level controller coordinates the behavior of a group of robots by means of asynchronous communication between the robots. The suggested motion system has been successfully used by many humanoid robot teams at the RoboCup international robot soccer competitions, which has awarded us five successful championships in a row.


Two major by-products of ethanol distillation, corn distiller's solubles and corn distiller's mash, were evaluated for their potential use as a food source for freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) in mid-western United States. Corn distiller's solubles were not found to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms at concentrations ranging up to 10,000 ppM. However, the high biological oxygen demand of the material requires that single applications not exceed 2000 ppM. Yield trials were conducted over a four month period in five 0.1 ha earthen ponds, located in proximity to an ethanol distillery. Each pond was stocked with 2000 postlarval shrimp (0.02 g mean weight). Three of these ponds were also each stocked with 75 adult golden shiner (27.0 g mean weight). One application of corn distiller's solubles (equivalent to approx. 2000 ppM) and three applications of corn distiller's mash (approx. 5 kg/application) were made over the course of the yield trails (approx. 120 days). No other food or fertilizer was added to the ponds. Survival of shrimp ranged from 34 to 75%. Survival of brood fish exceeded 90%. Mean weight of shrimp at harvest was approximately 12 g, and average production was equivalent to approximately 104 more » kg ha/sup -1/. Golden shiner reared in the same ponds as shrimp had production rates equivalent to approxmately 130 kg ha/sup -1/. The presence of fish did not appear to impede shrimp production. Although production results of fish and shrimp were encouraging, several factors existed which impeded production; these included: (1) little by-product was applied to ponds because the distillery was undergoing its shakedown period; (2) ponds were new and had minimal natural productivity; (3) grass was not fully established on the watershed and ponds became turbid; and (4) lower than normal temperatures prevailed over much of the growing period. 11 references, 2 figures, 8 tables. « less


Abstract An ion-dipole model of electrolyte solutions in the bulk case and near a charged or uncharged hard wall is considered. A method to derive the terms of optimized cluster expansions for the distribution functions of ions and dipoles which provides a set of approximations beyond the mean spherical approximation is given. The third cluster coefficient approximation is investigated


"We applaud Governor Brown's commitment to fund clean energy, sustainable transportation, affordable housing and urban forestry," said Bill Magavern, Policy Director for Coalition for Clean Air. "But we urge the Legislature to work with the Governor to pass a budget with higher levels of investment in our neediest communities." While the budget proposes to spend $1.002 billion from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF), experts expect more than twice that much money to be available in the GGRF, which comes from charges on the state's biggest greenhouse polluters, because fuels are now included in California's emission allowance auctions for the first time. "We've already seen California climate policies start to bring investments, good jobs and cleaner air to communities hit first and worst by pollution and a weak economy, but it's just a start. We can use these funds generated by charging our worst polluters to help struggling neighborhoods not just survive but thrive," added Alvaro Sanchez, Greenlining's Program Manager for Environmental Equity.


Fatigue can cause discomfort to the driver while driving a car. This is because the driver grips the steering wheel hardly. The high handgrip force can cause a pain and discomfort to the driver. Driving in a long time can cause carpal tunnel syndrome to the driver. The purpose of this project is to analyze the handgrip force and hand movement on Perodua steering wheel. This experiment will be done on two Perodua cars which are Perodua Myvi and Perodua Alza. A Tekscan Grip System is used to take the handgrip data of the driver while driving. Then, the device is connected to the driver"s hand and the measurement is taken. This experiment will be done at North South Highway which is from Ayer keroh to Tangkak. The driver needs to drive the car in the highway with maintain speed which is 80km/h. The distance of the highway is about 30km which is it will take about 20 minutes to reach the destination. The volunteer needs to hold the steering wheel in 9 and 3 o"clock position which is the safest position of holding the steering wheel. The result of the handgrip force will be compared between two cars and the result of the grip force will be related to hand movement while driving.


Abstract The bell regression is used, when the response variable is in the form of counts with over dispersion. The bell regression coefficients are generally estimated using the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). It is known that the performance of the traditional MLE is very sensitive to multicollinearity. Therefore, we propose a Bell ridge regression (BRR) as a solution to the multicollinearity problems. For the assessment of BRR, we conduct a Monte Carlo simulation study to monitor the performance of the proposed estimator where the mean squared error (MSE) is considered as an evaluation criterion. Also, two real examples are included to show the superiority of the BRR estimator.


Provided is a polymerization catalyst composition with which a conjugated diene polymer having a high level of cis-1,4 bonds or a conjugated diene copolymer having a high level of 1,4 bonds can be produced. The polymerization catalyst composition is characterized by containing a rare-earth element compound (component (A)) represented by general formula (a-1): M-(AQ 1 )(AQ 2 )(AQ 3 ) [in the formula, M is scandium, yttrium, or a lanthanoid element; AQ 1 , AQ 2 , and AQ 3 are functional groups which may be the same or different from each other; A is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; provided that there is at least one M-A bond], an ionic compound (component (B)), and a cyclopentadiene backbone-containing compound (component (C)) selected from a substituted or non-substituted cyclopentadiene, a substituted or non-substituted indene, and a substituted or non-substituted fluorine.


In work experimental data on studying the problem of intraspecific hybridization of melliferous bee Apis mellifera in Sonth Ural are resulted. For an estimation of condition native, introductive and hybrid families of melliferous bees methods of polymerase chain reaction, and also biochemical parameters of working bees stress-reaction were used.


We present distributed feedback grating filter designs that define discrete combs of transmission resonances. Practical structures with transmission channels matched to defined wavelength grids with 40 GHz spacing are demonstrated numerically.


Let G be a digraph.T(G)denote the total digraph of G.In this paper,p(T(G))=1 for any total digraph T(G)is obtained.The bounds about the index of convergence havebeen got:If G is a primitive digraph,k(T)≤k(G)+1;If G is an oriented cyclic,then k(T)=2|V(G)|-1;If G is acyclic,then k(T)=2k(G)-1.


A monolithic low noise variable gain amplifier (LNA) operating at 60 GHz is presented. It is designed for a sixport receiver, which is completely integrated on a single chip. These chips are build in highly miniaturized sensors to measure distances with radar. Therefore a high performance LNA is indispensable. The circuit has been designed using a new 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS process from IHP (SG13G2). For implementation a three stage architecture is chosen. Measurements show a tuneable gain from 16 to 24 dB at 60 GHz, an input matching of −17 dB and an output matching of −14 dB. The circuit consumes 13 mA from a 3.3 V supply.


Atypical pneumonia is a term introduced by H.A. Reimann in 1938 to describe a series of eight patients with pneumonia "not caused by the virus of epidemic influenza or psittacosis, nor was it like other commonly described diseases. The infection occurred in adults and began as a mild infection of the respiratory tract; this was followed by severe diffuse, atypical pneumonia . . . The pathogens that cause atypical pneumonia continue to be defined. Chlamydia psittaci, Coxiella burnetii, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia pneumoniae? and hantavirus are the currently recognized agents of atypical pneumonia. A number of viruses can also cause an atypical pneumonia syndrome in adults— these include adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, influenza A and B, rubeola, varicella, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus. For some time it was felt that one could distinguish atypical from typical pneumonia based on the clinical features shown in Table 1. However, this concept fell into disfavor when Fang et al showed that one could not distinguish atypical pneumonia from typical pneumonia based on symptoms, signs, or radiographic features. However, the concept still has merit, since it reminds us that there are agents that cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) that do not respond to beta-lactam antibiotics and require special diagnostic techniques. Table 2 shows the etiologic agents that were identified in 2318 patients with CAP requiring hospitalization. Thirty-four percent of the cases were caused by the so-called atypical agents. It is likely that this is an underestimate since not all five studies tested for all the agents. Data on the frequency with which these agents cause pneumonia in outpatients are sparse. Table 3 shows the results from three studies of outpatients with CAP. One hundred and forty (30%) of these 472 patients had atypical pneumonia. It is likely that this is also an underestimate since optional tests to detect C. pneumoniae infections were not used and the largest study had only three patients (1%) with M. pneumoniae. This review will give a brief overview of the features of Q fever, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci, and hantavirus pneumonia.


The concept of directional trapping, advanced by V. Adamec and J.H. Calderwood (1981), is developed in a model that allows the approximate calculation of their effect on the current. The author points out that the decrease of the mobility is due to the decreasing available space for the current. Each charged obstacle creates a kind of shadow behind it, which makes the mobility lower.<<ETX>>


Solexa high-throughput RNA-sequencing were performed on 35DAF(days after flowering),55DAF and 65DAF samples at transcriptional level,while seeds at 15DAF served as control.Totally 9 905 differential expressed unigenes were co-expressed genes.Combined with GO functional annotation and pathway analysis,12 novel co-expressed unigenes that regulated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and 6 novel co-expressed unigenes that regulated methionine metabolism were found.qRT-PCR was focused on 12 differentially expressed genes from cDNA materials of 55DAF.Results were consistent with those from Solexa sequencing.


Infections caused by ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b are prevalent in Fairfax County, VA. In order to gain information on pharyngeal carriage of ampicillin-resistant H influenzae, oropharyngeal cultures were obtained from 249 young children. The study population comprised three groups: 90 healthy children (group A), 79 children who had finished a ten-day course of amoxicillin treatment for acute otitis media (group B), and 80 children who were brought to our office for treatment of purulent nasopharyngitis (group C). Approximately 60% of the children in each group carried Haemophilus in the oropharynx. H parainfluenzae was the predominant oropharyngeal species in group 1. H influenzae was predominant in the other two groups. Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus sp organisms were recovered from 16% of children in group A, 25% of those in group B, and 17% of patients in group C. Recent exposure to ampicillin was associated with an increase in the recovery of ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus.


This paper examines the distributive consequences of economic globalisation in 23 OECD countries over the past quarter century, taking into account the multi-faceted dimensions of globalisation and controlling for influence from other concurrent trends, in particular technological progress and changes in labour market institutions. The paper also identifies the relevant pathways between globalisation and earning inequality among the whole working-age population by accounting for both rising wage dispersion among workers and widening earnings gaps between employed and non-employed. The results show that financial deepening (through increased foreign investment) is a key driver behind the upward trend of income inequality; it transmitted inequality through both raising wage dispersion and reducing employment rates. Trade integration in general exerted little distributional effect. Technical advancement also contributed to widening the earnings distribution among the whole working-age population, while the growth in the supply of skilled workers provided a sizable counterweight to increasing inequality. Moreover, the declining strength of labour market institutions tended to be distributional neutral overall, as the (increasing) employment effect largely offset the (increasing) wage inequality effect.


A chapter in an edited cross-disciplinary volume on psychology and diplomacy, this work provides a study of the historical evolution of notions of diplomatic immunity from ancient times to the 20th century. The chapter discusses the major approaches taken over time to providing a theoretical basis for providing extensive protection for diplomats and their missions from the jurisdiction of local laws and courts.


Learn about resources for Djuna Barnes in Special Collections and University Archives at the University of Maryland Libraries Selection of Barnes Art available via Digital Collections


This theoretical work investigates spin-spin energy in the hydrogen atom and its relation to Coulomb's force law. Most elementary particles are assigned intrinsic properties of carrying electric charges, which leave us blundering about the essence of electric charge. The perplexity originated in Coulomb's force law when the proportionality constant is expressed using the free vacuum electric permittivity constant ε 0 in units of. C2m−2. N−1. Introducing these units by the proportionality constant canceled any direct role for the electric charge. In this research, a genuine suggestion based on energy conservation redefines Coulomb's force law. A new formula has been suggested for the force between two spinning particles. The results of energy and force calculations agreed with Coulomb's law evaluations. The spin-spin energy is related to the electric potential energy, and the electric charge is found to be connected to the rotational energy of the mass.


This paper details the scheme arrangement,structural design of foundation and main building as well as some measures taken in construction of Qingdao First Parkson New Building.


This paper addresses the distributional effects of shocks to expectations in a model of incomplete markets with uninsured idiosyncratic risk and aggregate uncertainty (Krusell and Smith (1998)). I find that small expectational shocks can significantly increase wealth inequality due to the different implications for consumption of the capital-rich and the capital-poor households. I also study the transitional dynamics of this economy under least-squares learning and I find that following a positive expectational shock, the standard deviation of the distribution of capital increases significantly and persistently, and that the effect on aggregate capital is significant but less persistent. ∗Assistant Professor of Economics, Dalhousie University. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. The work contained in this paper has benefited from insightful comments and suggestions by G. Evans, S. Chakraborty, T. Iscan, and K. Mitra.


The supergravity is formulated as a gauge theory with the Yang–Mills Lagrangian quadratic in curvature. To arrive at such a description, the super fiber bundle based on a superspace with the OSP(n/4) symmetry group is introduced. The connection in this bundle becomes the Cartan connection when OSP(n/4) is broken to SL(2,C)⊗SO(n). In the reduced bundle, this leads automatically to curvature and torsion. Explicit calculations of the Lagrangian are carried out in terms of the Cartan–Killing metrics and the curvature form for n=1 and n=8. The final theory describes the coupling of geometry to fermion fields. These fields emerge as solder forms of the Cartan connection.


Combined with Engineering Drawing feature and teaching practice in this course., Aimed at the difficult problem of cutting body painting, the key is how to find the cutting body projection and compute the intersecting line. This paper introduces the concept of intersection line, nature, plane intersection line cutting body characteristics, highlighting the cutting body sectional strike methods and procedures, and gives an examples to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.


In this study, two approaches are compared to solve the supplier selection problem under intuitionistic fuzzy environment. The first approach deals with interactive criteria utilizing the Choquet integral. The second approach extends the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. Two case studies are presented. The results obtained give an insight into the effect of interactive criteria on the final outcome.


Objective: To study the in vitro antibacter ial activities of different formulations of piperacillin sulbactam(2∶1,4∶1 a nd 8∶1)and piperacillin alone against common clinical isolates,so as to select the best ratio of piperacillin and sulbactam in this compound. Methods: Bacterial susceptibility testing was performed on 545 clinical isolates using agar dilution method. The organisms included 19 species and more than 80% were β lactamase producing strains,collected from hospitals in Beijing,Shangha i,Tianjing,Nanjing,Chongqing and Dalian during the period of July 2000 to Februa ry 2002. Results:Piperacillin sulbactam with 2∶1 and 4∶1 rati o were highly active against most Gram negative bacteria,especially strains of Enterobacteriaceae.MIC 50 and MIC 90 were 0.5-16 mg/L and 1-32 mg/L re spectively, being 1/2 to 1/32 of that of piperacillin alone. Piperacillin sulbactam with 2∶1,4∶1 and 8∶1 ratio were also activities agai nst Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus haemolyticus and S. pneumoniae , MIC 90 being 1/2 to 1/4 that of piperacillin alone. Conclusions: Piperacillin and sulbactam with a ratio of 4∶1 is a good formulation which possesses high antibacterial activity against most clinical isolates.


An on-line detection device for the performance testing of electronic accelerator pedals was develvped,which could accurately detect the functional characteristic of electronic accelerator pedal sensors and their mechanical force.Using closed-loop servo motion control,the device achieved precise control of the pedal's rotational speed and pedal stroke.Using multi-threaded data processing methods,the testing efficiency was improved.The evaluation results show that the repeatability and reproducibility of the test device complies with the requirements of measurement systems analysis(MSA) and meets the requirements of electronic accelerator pedal on-line testing.


Calculations are made of certain averages for particles from a plane, unidirectional source being slowed down by elastic collisions in an infinite medium of randomly located target atoms. Calculations are based on the moments form of the Boltzmann transport equation and follow procedures frequently used in the theory of neutron moderation. Assuming isotropic scattering in center‐of‐mass coordinates, averages are determined for powers of the distance from the source and for Legendre polynomials which give information on the direction of motion. When the mean free path varies as a power of the energy a number of averages are determined at all energies for equal masses of fast particles and target atoms, and for the first collision interval for unequal masses. Expressions for spatial averages at zero energy are obtained by taking the Laplace transform of the moments equation. For equal masses and λ proportional to Ek, it is verified that the distribution of stopped particles at moderately deep penetrations i...


OBJECTIVE
Previous studies have shown that feedback-informed treatment can improve outcomes of psychological treatments. This randomized controlled effectiveness trial evaluated the effect of progress feedback on treatment duration, symptom reduction, and dropout in individual cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs). A control condition where CBT was combined with low-intensive monitoring of progress was compared to an experimental condition where CBT was combined with a high-intensive form of feedback.

METHOD
Data of 368 outpatients (57.9% female, mean age 41.4 years, SD = 12.2) in secondary care were analyzed using multilevel analyses. Treatment duration was assessed with the number of sessions clients received. Symptom reduction was measured with the Symptom Checklist Revised. Possible moderators of the effect of intensive progress feedback on outcome were explored.

RESULTS
Clients achieved the same amount of symptom reduction in significantly fewer sessions in the high-intensive feedback condition. Additionally, dropout was significantly lower in the high-intensive feedback condition. Post hoc analyses assessing clients' diagnoses as a possible moderator showed that clients with personality disorders (mainly Cluster C) achieved more symptom reduction in fewer sessions when high-intensity feedback was provided. Also, a high degree of implementation within the experimental condition was associated with fewer treatment sessions.

CONCLUSION
In sum, the use of high-intensive client feedback reduced treatment duration and reduced dropout of CBT. Thus, feedback-informed CBTs seem to be a promising adaptation of conventional CBT. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).


What is the central question of this study? Blockade of orexin receptors reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) but not in normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats, suggesting that upregulation of orexin signalling underlies the hypertensive phenotype of the SHR. However, it is not known what causes this upregulation. What is the main finding and its importance? Using orexin immunolabelling, we show that SHRs have 20% more orexin neurons than normotensive WKY and Wistar rats in the medial hypothalamus, which is a good match to their blood pressure phenotype. In contrast, there is no such match for the orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus. Essential hypertension may be linked to an increase in orexin neurons in the medial hypothalamus.


Linoleic acid (LA) and oxidized linoleic acid (OxLA) are major components of Western diet. Both these lipids exert their actions through induction of oxidative stress. Our earlier studies showed that feeding these dietary lipids to C57Bl/6 mice for two weeks decreased plasma triglyceride levels and up‐regulated ApoA5 levels. We hypothesized that decreasing oxidative stress by overexpressing antioxidant Catalase in these mice will block this beneficial effects.


: Teachers as the main key to the success of using technology in schools in the future must be able to build digital literacy. Various studies have been carried out as an effort to hone these digital literacy skills, one of which is by knowing the competence of teachers regarding digital literacy. This study aims to determine the competence of chemistry teachers regarding digital literacy as a 21st century skill. The research method used is descriptive quantitative, with an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Respondents are high school chemistry teachers in Jakarta. The results showed that the chemistry teacher's media and information literacy component had a very good perception with a score of 3.76, as well as on the ICT literacy component, prospective chemistry teachers had very good perception criteria with a score of 3.28. Thus, it can be seen that the overall competence of chemistry teachers regarding digital literacy has very good criteria with an average score of 3. Teachers as the main key to the success of using technology in schools in the future must be able to build digital literacy.


Introduction:
 There are many reports on the effects of on-treatment platelet reactivity using P2Y
 12
 reaction units (PRU) on the ischemic or bleeding risk in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, there was little report including low-dose prasugrel (2.5mg).

 Hypothesis:
 We assumed that low-dose prasugrel use may contribute to the effectiveness and safety in the chronic phase of PCI in Japanese patients.

 Methods:
 This prospective observational study included 398 patients who underwent PCI between 2017 and 2018 (mean age: 68±11 years, male: 83%). Serial PRU measurements were performed; the baseline was at 6 to 12 months after PCI, and the follow-up was after 6 months later. The PRU was measured by the VerifyNow® P2Y
 12
 assay, and we assessed the distribution of PRU in each P2Y
 12
 inhibitor, after defined PRU 86 to 238 as therapeutic window.

 Results:
 Among 398 patients, the follow-up PRU was obtained in 360 patients (90%), and 80 patients (22%) were taking prasugrel 2.5mg. The baseline PRUs of clopidogrel 75mg, prasugrel 3.75mg, and prasugrel 2.5mg were 175±64, 147±55, and 154±66, respectively (
 p
 <0.001), and the portions of PRU ≤239 (ischemic risk) were 14.6%, 4.4%, and 9.5%, respectively (
 p
 =0.007). At the time of follow-up, a statistically significant trend of PRU was revealed in 24 patients changed clopidogrel 75mg to prasugrel 2.5mg (baseline vs. follow-up: 183±64 vs. 149±43,
 p
 =0.037). Regarding distribution of PRU, prasugrel 2.5mg was less frequent in PRU ≤85 (bleeding risk) compared to prasugrel 3.75mg (7.5% vs. 21.0%,
 p
 =0.019). In addition, a multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that prasugrel 2.5mg use was an independent predictor of therapeutic window (odds ratio: 2.15; 95% confidence intervals: 1.01-4.59,
 p
 =0.044).

 Conclusions:
 We found prasugrel 2.5mg use after PCI significantly associated with therapeutic window. Thus, we believe low dose prasugrel use may contribute to the future risk reduction after PCI.


An iron-based soft magnetic alloy which is for use in various transformers, various choke coils, noise suppression measures, power supply parts, laser power supplies, pulsed-power magnetic parts for accelerators, various motors, various generators, magnetic shields, antennas, sensors, etc.; a thin ribbon of an amorphous alloy for producing the magnetic alloy; and a magnetic part comprising the magnetic alloy. The magnetic alloy comprises, in terms of at.%, copper in an amount (x) satisfying 0.1<=x<=3, boron in an amount (y) satisfying 10<=y<=20, and iron and impurities as the remainder. It contains, in terms of mass%, the following impurities: up to 0.01% aluminum, 0.001-0.05% sulfur, 0.01-0.5% manganese, 0.001-0.1% nitrogen, and up to 0.1% oxygen. The magnetic alloy has a structure at least part of which comprises a crystal phase having a crystal grain diameter of 60 nm or smaller (excluding 0).


Transparent plastic mulching is a successful technology applied by cotton growers in Spain. Approximately 60 percent of the acreage is planted with transparent polyethylene film to help crop stand establishment in the unstable springtime of a typical Mediterranean climate. Cotton farmers also take advantage of an earlier planting date, which results in an earlier harvest, thereby escaping the frequent autumn rainfall in South Spain. Three cotton varieties: DP 5690, DP 5111 and DeltaOPAL were planted during two years in two different locations with similar farming characteristics. Plastic mulching was applied at just one of locations to allow for different crop management (irrigation, growth regulator application, pest control, etc.) resulting from a different planting date. The statistical analysis carried of the data, showed a significant difference for most of the parameters taken into account. Plastic mulching raised the first fruiting branch in all the varieties, resulting in the production of more vegetative nodes and more compact plants, with shorter average internode distance and reduced final plant height. The number of total main-stem nodes was also higher in the plants grown with plastic mulching. Yield potential was higher in mulched plants as more fruiting (sympodial) branches (though non significant), and more bolls per plant. The collected data from the two years of trials did not show significant differences in seed cotton yield, although the location with plastic mulching yielded more. The effect of the technology on the earliness of the crop, measured, as percent of first pick, is not evident in our trials, since the harvest dates for both locations were different. There was not a major varietal response to plastic mulching for any of the cultivars included in the trials. The technology had similar influence over the three varieties.


The Federal Circuit is sharply split on the criteria for determining whether a computer-implemented invention is patent-eligible or is an ineligible abstract idea. The reversals of Federal Circuit's prior attempts to articulate a bright-line test for patentability and the tension between the Supreme Court's doctrine and the realities of the examination process have led to a storm over the validity of the vast number of software patents issued to date. This Note reviews the current controversy posed by CLS Bank v. Alice and describes the judicial philosophies behind the split. The Note further provides an overview of the abstract idea doctrine and questions raised by the Supreme Court's Prometheus ruling. The Note concludes with a review of the steps implemented by the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act of 2011 that will address the problem of overly broad computer method patents.


The pleiotropic effects of the potent tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol13-acetate (TPA) upon cell growth and function are well known.' TPA is also a strong inflammatory agent that activates the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase of human neutrophils inducing superoxide anion (02:) production.' Previous work in our laboratory, by Goldstein et al., shows an apparent positive association between tumor promotion and 02; formation for phorbol esters and analogues of phorbol esters3 Slaga has shown that other oxygen radical-producing substances may be implicated in tumor promotion as we1L4 Teleocidin (from Streptomyces mediocidicus) and lyngbyatoxin A, debromoaplysiatoxin, and aplysiatoxin (from the marine blue-green alga Lyngbya majuscula) have been shown to have an inflammatory effect on animal skin.' Lyngbyatoxin A and debromoaplysiatoxin cause dermatitis or "swimmer's itch" in humans.6 All of these compounds have shown an ability to induce superoxide anion production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes ( PMNs) in comparable amounts to TPA. Superoxide anion production increased to a peak amount for various molar quantities of these materials, with debromoaplysiatoxin and aplysiatoxin apparently producing greater amounts of 02; than did TPA and teleocidin. Lyngbyatoxin A produced much less of a respiratory burst after a 10-minute incubation with the same number of cells, even at higher molar concentrations. These substances were tested for their ability to produce 0'; in PMNs by the reduction of ferricytochrome C, which was inhibited by superoxide dismutase.' Whole blood was obtained and sedimented in 1% dextran ( M , 240,000) at 25°C for 45 minutes. After osmotic shock to remove red cells, PMNs were resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Ca" and Mg'+ free) a t a cell concentration of 1 06I 07/mi. Dose-response curves for each compound were done from 1 ng/ml to several hundred ng/ml. The results of these tests, plotted as molar quantities x lo-' on semilog scale, can be seen in FIGURE 1. All materials (teleocidin B, lyngbyatoxin A, aplysiatoxin, debromoaplysiatoxin, and TPA) showed a response in the cells, and a production of 0,:. For all compounds, except lyngbyatoxin A, the range of 0.5-1 .O x lo-' M showed a sharp rise in the stimulation of 0,; production. Lyngbyatoxin seemed to show a similar rise over a range of 4-9 x lo-' molar, or a t least a fivefold greater amount.


We discuss a free scalar field subject to generalized Wentzell boundary conditions. On the classical level, we prove well-posedness of the Cauchy problem and in particular causality. Upon quantization, we obtain a field that may naturally be restricted to the boundary. We discuss the holographic relation between this boundary field and the bulk field.


The problem of normalization related to energy-dependent potentials is examined in the context of the path integral approach, and a justification is given. As examples, the harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom (radial) where, respectively the frequency and the Coulomb's constant depend on energy, are considered and their propagators determined. From their spectral decomposition, we have found that the wave functions extracted are correctly normalized.


Foreword. Preface. SECTION ONE: IMMIGRATION. Introduction: Themes of Immigrants Advancing Democracy Chapter 1. Voice of the Heart: Storytelling and the Journey of Advocacy. Chapter 2. My Ethnography. Chapter 3. From Gangs to Teaching: Transforming my Past to Help Others. SECTION TWO: SOCIAL CLASS. Introduction: Themes of Social Class-Intersecting"Haves" and "Have Nots" Chapter 4. Letting go and Breaking Loose: Struggling Toward Transformative Teaching. Chapter 5. Embracing my Cultural, Intellectual, and Spiritual Identities on my Journey to Become a Transformative Teacher. Chapter 6. Universal Human Rights Begin Close to Home. Chapter 7. On Becoming a Transformative Teacher: What should I do? How should I do it? And why? SECTION THREE: RACIAL AND ETHNIC IDENTITY. Introduction: Themes of Power, Privilege, Race, and Identity Chapter 8. Understand Them All: Identity and Advocacy. Chapter 9. Safe and Growing out of the Box: Immersion for Social Change. Chapter 10. Immersion and Rebellion: Growing up and out of South Carolina. Chapter 11. My Personal Journey - In Part. Chapter 12. The Miseducation, Re-education and Transformation of a "White" Male Educator Working for Social Justice. SECTION FOUR: THE PRAXIS OF CULTURALLY RELEVANT TEACHING. Introduction: Themes Relecting Critical Thought and Action-Praxis Chapter 13. Something That Won't Compute: A Journey of Adult Literacy. Chapter 14. Turning Points: A Teacher's Journey. Chapter 15. Small Schools: A Metaphor for Caring. Chapter 16. Woman Warrior Liberating the Oppressed and the Oppressor: Cultural Relevancy through Narrative. Chapter 17. Hurting, Healing, Helping: A Pedagogy of Identity, Recovery, and Voice. Afterword: Struggles for Recognition and Redistribution.


Users and service providers are increasingly aware of the security issues that arise because of password breaches. Recent studies show that password authentication can be made more secure by relying on second-factor authentication (2FA). Supported by leading web service providers, the FIDO Alliance defines the Universal 2nd Factor (U2F) protocols, an industrial standard that proposes a challenge-response 2FA solution. The U2F protocols have been thoughtfully designed to ensure high security. In particular, U2F solutions using dedicated hardware tokens fare well in term of security compared to other 2FA authentication systems. Thus, numerous service providers propose U2F in their authentication settings. Although much attention was paid to make U2F easy to use, many users express inconvenience because of the repeated extra step that it would take to log in. In order to address this, several service providers offer a remember me feature that removes the need for 2FA login on trusted devices. In this paper, we present the first systematic analysis of this undocumented feature, and we show that its security implications are not well understood. After introducing the corresponding threat models, we provide an experimental study of existing implementations of remember me. Here, we consider all the supporting websites considered by Yubico. The findings are worrisome: our analyses indicate how bad implementations can make U2F solutions vulnerable to multiple attacks. Moreover, we show that existing implementations do not correspond to the initial security analysis provided by U2F. We also implement two attacks using the identified design flaws. Finally, we discuss several countermeasures that make the remember me feature more secure. We end this work by disclosing a practical attack against Facebook in which an attacker can permanently deactivate the enabled 2FA options of a targeted victim without knowing their authentication credentials.


Though the incidence and mortality of deep neck infections has markedly decreased with advent of antibiotics and improved dental care, these infections are not unusual and present a challenging problem because of the complex anatomy and potentially fatal complications that may occur. This case report illustrates the development of lateral pharyngeal space abscess following extraction of a lower third molar and the importance of early diagnosis and proper treatment. It was concluded that the management of a lateral pharyngeal space infection of odontogenic origin must be prompt and accurate, with surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy.


The characterisation of soil pores has a prime importance in soil hydrology particularly for soil water management in both irrigated and dryland agriculture. Hence, this study describes the soil pore system in the Clovelly and Hutton soil forms and its roles in soil hydrology by quantifying the different functional pore classes. The soil pore size–pore volume (PS-PV) response curve, which shows the relationship between cumulative pore volume to the corresponding pore sizes, was estimated from the soil water retention curve (SWRC) by applying the capillary theory. The SWRC was measured in the laboratory using a hanging water column and pressure plate apparatus. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was determined in situ with a constant head permeameter, whereas unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (KL) and diffusivity (Df) were estimated from the SWRC by the van Genuchten conductivity model. The classification of soil pore sizes given in the literature was modified based on the concept of field water capacity. Therefore, pore sizes greater than the drained upper limit (DUL) were classified as transmission pores. Similarly, the pore size between the DUL and the lower limit (LL) were classified as storage pores, and pore sizes smaller than the LL were residuals and bonding pores collectively. Soil water retention increased non-linearly as pore sizes decreased and the opposite was true for KL and Df. Generally, macropores were important for water movement, whereas micropores were responsible for water retention. The findings are important for soil water management of cultivated aeolian soils in semi-arid and arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa. The proposed method to classify soil pores on the basis of their function also gives a consistent and realistic value compared with the fixed boundary classes, although the method requires further development.


Several previous studies have shown that faults have fractal characteristics, and that the fractal dimension of the fault distribution can be used to reflect the fault intensity. The fault intensity and distribution patterns control the number and morphology of hydrocarbons in the study area, and studying the fault fractal geometry can guide the exploration and development of remaining hydrocarbons. In this study, we combined structural interpretation of seismic data with the theory of fractal geometry to obtain a fault density map that could reflect the degree of clustering of fault distribution in the study area. The results show that the most dense fault distribution exists in the Xinzhen structural zone of the Dongying Sag. The fractal dimension of all the Xinzhen area faults is 1.49, and the fault fractal dimensions of the Dongying and Xianhezhuang structural zones are 1.47 and 1.38, respectively. The fault fractal dimension contour map shows that the fault fractal dimension of the Xinzhen structural zone is between 1.4 and 1.6 and the largest area, the fault fractal dimension, has values of 1.2-1.4 in the Dongying structural zone and 1.0-1.2 in the Xianhe-zhuang structural zone. The hydrocarbon distribution area in the Xinzhen structural zone is largest, while that of the Dongying structural zone is smaller than that of the Xinzhen structural zone, and that of the Xianhezhuang structural zone is the smallest. The areas containing hydrocarbons in all three structural zones are located in the region of high fault fractal dimensions. Therefore, the combination of structural interpretation and fractal calculation of the fault plane distributions in the study area can predict the continuous distribution of faults and hydrocarbons. AAPG Datapages/Search and Discovery Article #90255 © 2016 AAPG/SEG International Conference & Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain, April 3-6, 2016


The іnoculation and plant growth regulators have been studied for their effect on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation and productivity of soybean in the field experiments. It was shown that nitraginisation with the high efficient strain B. japonicum 71т (UCМ В-6035) promotes active rhizobium-soybean nodulation system, and crude protein yield increasing as the result of the symbiosis efficiency. The combined use of Nitragin and plant growth regulators requires attention to both cultivar peculiarities of macrosymbionts and specific action of these preparations.


The primal organic pollutant s kinds and concentration aboutsome residence and office have been investigated. Its pollution law and spread factor have been analyzed,and the countermeasures of reducing indoor airpollution are proposed.


In this work the significance of treating a set of measurements as a time series is being explored. Time Series Analysis (TSA) techniques, part of the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) approach, can provide much insight regarding the stochastic correlations that are induced on the outcome of an experiment by the measurement system and can provide criteria for the limited use of the classical variance in metrology. Specifically, techniques such as the Lag Plots, Autocorrelation Function, Power Spectral Density and Allan Variance are used to analyze series of sequential measurements, collected at equal time intervals from an electromechanical transducer. These techniques are used in conjunction with power law models of stochastic noise in order to characterize time or frequency regimes for which the usually assumed white noise model is adequate for the description of the measurement system response. However, through the detection of colored noise, usually referred to as flicker noise, which is expected to appear in almost all electronic devices, a lower threshold of measurement uncertainty for this particular system is obtained and the white noise model is no longer accurate.


Recent research in several groups has identified a new class of metal colloidal nanoparticles that is able to enhance the efficiencies of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by as much as 1014−1015 fold. This enormous enhancement allows single-molecule detection and spectroscopy at room temperature. Previous single-molecule and single-particle studies have yielded important insights into the mechanism of electromagnetic field enhancement, but little is known about the contributions of surface active sites and chemical enhancement. Here we report a direct examination of chemical enhancement by using an integrated flow injection and ultrasensitive optical imaging/spectroscopy system. A key feature is that colloidal silver nanoparticles are immobilized on a glass surface inside a microflow device and that single-particle SERS signals are observed in real time while the immobilized particles are treated by chemical reagents in the flow cell. In situ surface plasmon scattering studies of spatially isolate...


Capturing the voice of the marginalized in Aravind Adiga's The white Tiger
                                                     Abisha.X,
                                                     Assistant professor in English
                                                    Don Bosco arts and Science College, Chennai
Abstract
The paper attempts to analyze the voice of the marginalized people in the novel the white Tiger. It also explores how marginalized people are exploited socially, politically and economically. The exploitation and the suppression of the marginalized people under the hands of the rich people is also examined. The central character in the novel Balram belongs to one such marginalized community. Initially just like a subaltern he becomes a loyal and meek servant following the orders of his master. But in the later part of the novel he begins to rebel against and breaks free from the chain of slavery and becomes free. Thus the entire novel is narrated from the voice of Balram .Balram becomes the voice of the marginalized people and presents the plight of the subaltern.


The diversity and extent of forest in the Itombwe Mountains, eastern Congo Democratic Republic (formerly Zaire), are among the most significance in continental Africa. Despite some human impact, this area still harbors a wide range of vegeta- tion types, including forests and grasslands, drylands and wetlands, and mid-altitude to upper-montane habitats. Forests extend from mid-altitude through sub-montane and montane to alpine zones. These first results provide a general description of the Itombwe Mountains as a basis for more detailed investigations. Certain priorities in conservation-development actions are sug- gested, based mainly on tree species knowledge; this information could influence further decision-making processes and manage- ment guidelines for the conservation and sustainable use of Itombwe's natural resources.


The isobar-doorway model for pion-nucleus interaction is extended to coherent ..pi../sup 0/ photoproduction. The modifications to the transition operator due to many-body effects are shown to be the same as those in the optical potential. Nonlocality associated with isobar propagation, recoil corrections, and an off-shell extrapolation of the ..pi..N..delta.. vertex are included. The calculated cross sections are found to be in good agreement with the existing data.


Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly flowable, nonsegregating concrete that has the ability to flow in every spot of the complex formwork and consolidate within that without any external compaction. Steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFR-SCC) is a new mixed material that merge the advantages of the SCC with those of steel fibers in improving concrete mechanical properties. This paper is part of a study to analyse the effect of steel fibers on the rheological [J-ring test] and mechanical properties [compressive strength and four point bending test] of SCC. Five concrete mixtures were evaluated. The primary experimental variables are the type and aspect ratio of steel fibers. Test results have shown that the inclusion of fibers improves the compressive strength of SCC but it has a negative effect on the rheological properties of the SCC by reducing the slump flow and increasing the flow time, but better workability was obtained as aspect ratio of the steel fibers decreased. It was also found that the fiber geometry is a key factor affecting the mechanical performance in particular the toughness of the SFR-SCCmaterial.


Emerging economies have accumulated very large foreign reserve holdings since the turn of the century. We argue that this policy is an optimal response to an increase in foreign debt rollover risk. In our model, reserves play a key role in endogenously reducing debt rollover crises ("sudden stops") by allowing governments to be solvent in more states of the world. Using a dynamic multi-country environment with learning, we find that a relatively small unanticipated increase in rollover risk jointly accounts for (i) the outburst of sudden stops in the late 1990s, (ii) the increase in foreign reserves holdings, and (iii) the subsequent reduction of sudden stops in emerging economies. We also show that a policy of pooling reserves may substantially reduce reserves because mutual insurance across countries dampens rollover risk.


A theory describing the spectral parameters of quasistationary states and the dynamic conductivity in an open three-barrier resonant-tunneling system (RTS) as an active element of a quantum cascade laser or a quantum cascade detector has been developed in the framework of the rectangular potential model and the effective electron mass approximation. It is shown that the optimal functioning of a three-barrier RTS can be obtained by properly choosing its geometric configuration, namely, by arranging the inner barrier closer to the input one in a position determined by the electromagnetic field energy.


The organic light emitting device sealed chamber apparatus according to the invention; Stage that is provided with a lower heating plate heating the film on the substrate formed of the organic light emitting layer within the chamber is seated; Upper heating plates located inside the upper chamber of the substrate located on the lower heating plate for heating the pressing; It is provided in the chamber and supporting the upper heating plate, the plate driving unit for the same entrance side of the stage; According to the invention of the structure as is provided in the upper portion of the chamber bar containing the substrate located in the lower heated plate and the film, the pressing plate for pressing the upper heating plate such that the pressing parts of the above, all of the substrate and the film the overall pressure made such that an area of the substrate and the film are attached to each other even hermetically attached to each other there is an effect that improves the quality of the product.


This article introduces the design principle and realization method of the new digital audio equalizer which uses FPGA(field programmable logical array)as the data processing and control core.The design of equalizer can realize the stable and efficient amplitude frequency equilibrium in different environment,it adopts the whole digital equilibrium method with higher balanced precision and high practical value.


Given the n x p orthogonal matrix A and the convex function f : R"-~ R, we find two orthogonal matrices P and Q such that f is almost constant on the convex hull of ± the columns of P, f is sufficiently nonconstant on the column space of Q, and the column spaces of P and Q provide an orthogonal direct sum decomposi t ion of the column space of A. This provides a numerical ly stable algorithm for calculating the cone of directions of constancy, at a point x, of a convex function. Applicat ions to convex programming are discussed.


Novel inorganic-organic hybrid resins synthesized through sol-gel seek great attention due to versatility of its applications in various fields. In this work, novel inorganic-organic hybrid resins containing of alkoxides of calcium, magnesium and zinc with polymerizabledimethacrylate groups was synthesized using 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate as the precursor. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of inorganic content on thermal stability and antimicrobial properties of the novel inorganic-organic hybrid resins. Introduction Inorganic-organic hybrid resins have wide range of applications in the field of microelectronics, wear-resistant coating, micro-optics, electro-optics, encapsulations, satellite devices, photonics, as matrices for dental composites and biomedical applications due to their good physico-mechanical properties, biocompatibility, heat dissipation, low thermal expansion and light weight [1-2]. In inorganic-organic hybrid resins, organic polymer components bring good elasticity, tenacity, ductility and low density, while the inorganic components increased hardness, stiffness and resistance to elevated temperature. The prospect of the combination of these two components can create hybrid materials [3]. Our previous studies showed that [3-6] the incorporated inorganic content present in the inorganic-organic hybrid resins significantly influenced the polymerization shrinkage, physico-mechanical properties and biocompatibility of photocured composite, which motivated for the synthesis of novel antimicrobial and thermally stable inorganic-organic hybrid resins. In the present study, we synthesized inorganicorganic hybrid resins containing alkoxides of calcium (CaR1), magnesium (MgR1) and zinc (ZnR1) with polymerisable dimethacrylate groups. The resins were synthesized through modified sol-gel method using 3-trimethoxy silyl propyl methacrylate as the precursor [7]. Alkoxides of calcium, magnesium and zinc were incorporated in the resin due to its reported functions in biomedical applications [8-14]. The effects of inorganic content on antimicrobial properties and thermal stability of CaR1, ZnR1 and MgR1 were evaluated and compared with reported control material (Bis GMA) [4]. The novel resin was found to have antimicrobial properties and good thermal stability. Experimental section The inorganic – organic hybrid resins with polymerizable dimethacrylate group were synthesized through a patented [7] modified sol-gel technique. Resins containing mixtures of alkoxides of calcium /magnesium / zinc were synthesized by reacting γ-Trimethoxy silyl propyl methacrylate and deionised water in the molar ratio (1:4). To the stirred mixture added 1 ml 6N NaOH followed by the addition of calcium hydroxide, zinc acetate and magnesium chloride (0.5% weight of silane) and kept stirred for 8 h. During the synthesis of control resin stirring was continued for 8h, after the addition of 1 ml 6N NaOH. The hydrolyzed silane was kept at room temperature overnight for post condensation. The product obtained was then extracted with ether, washed with distilled water, till alkali free and dried. The photocured composites were prepared through a patented procedure [15]. Inorganic-organic hybrid resin (50 parts) diluted with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (50 parts) was used as the resin matrix along with 0.5% Diphenyl (2, 4, 6trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide as the photoinitiator. 300 phr of silanated quartz and 12% fumed silica were used as filler. Other chemicals used for the preparation of resin mixture were 4(dimethyl amino) phenethyl alcohol, 4-methoxy phenol, phenyl salicylate, 2-hydroxy-4 methoxy benzophenone and 2, 6 di-tert-butyl -4-methyl phenol (which act as inhibitors, activators and uv stabilizers). Thermal stability of the synthesized resins was evaluated using thermogravimetry as per the international standard (ASTME-1131-98) using thermogravimetric analyzer (SDT-2960 TA Instruments Inc, USA,) [16]. The heating rate used was 10°C/min, in nitrogen atmosphere. The synthesized resins, filler and other additives were masticated in an agate mortar to get a uniform paste. The paste was packed in to a mold and exposed to visible light having the intensity >300mw/cm2 for 60s on both sides using Prolite (Caulk/ Dentsply, US). Antimicrobial properties were evaluated under dynamic conditions as per – ASTM:E 2149 using E.coli ATCC2592 [17]. Results and discussion: Compared to control (table 1), resin containing alkoxides of calcium, magnesium and zinc showed higher T0 T50 value. It can be seen from table 1 that incorporation of 0.5 % of Ca(OH)2 to control resin increased the onset of decomposition temperature from 356.26°C to 443.79°C. whereas incorporation of 0.5 % of Zn(CH3COOH)2 and MgCl2 increased the onset of decomposition temperature from 356.26°C to 425.12°C and 420.37°C respectively (table 1). Higher T0 and T50 values were obtained for CaR1 resin (table 1). 50% decomposition was occurred for CaR1 even at 968.71°C. The weight loss observed after T50 to 1000 °C ( final degradation temperature) for CaR1 (0.48%), ZnR1 (1.36%) and MgR1 (2.17%) resins were negligibly small, leaving carbonaceous char (table 1). Major weight loss upto T50 may be due the decomposition of organic components in the resins. The percentage of carbonaceous char at 990 °C was 36.5 and a weight loss of 13.5% after T50 value indicates that inorganic content in the synthesized resins had influence in their thermal stability (table 1). Good thermal stability for CaR1, ZnR1 and MgR1 resins indicates effective bonding between the inorganic and organic components within the resin. Thermally stable bisphenol-A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis GMA) had versatile application in the field of dental restoration due to its aesthetics and good physic-mechanical properties. Here we used Bis GMA as the control material for antibacterial studies. The antimicrobial studies showed that ZnR1 exhibit 22.15 % reduction in E.coli ATCC 25922 compared to Bis GMA, CaR1 and MgR1 after 1 hour exposure (table 2). Sample Code Inorganic content added T0 (°C) T50 (°C) % residue at 990 °C Control Nil 356.26 477.32 36.5 CaR1 Ca(OH)2 443.79 968.71 49.52 ZnR1 Zn(CH3COOH)2 425.12 589.99 48.64 MgR1 MgCl2 420.37 649.15 47.83


Reactive spray deposition technology (RSDT) is a method of depositing films or producing nanopowders through combustion of metal-organic compounds dissolved in a solvent. This technology produces powders of controllable size and quality by changing process parameters to control the stoichiometry of the final product. This results in a low-cost, continuous production method suitable for producing a wide range of fuel cell related catalyst films or powders. In this work, the system is modified for direct deposition of both unsupported and carbon supported layers on proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The cell performance is investigated for platinum loadings of less than 0.15 mg/cm using a heterogeneous bi-layer consisting of a layer of unsupported platinum followed by a composite layer of Nafion®, carbon and platinum. Comparison to more traditional composite cathode architectures is made at loadings of 0.12 and 0.05 mgplatinum/cm. The composition and phase of the platinum catalyst is confirmed by XPS and XRD analysis while the particle size is analyzed by TEM microscopy. Cell voltages of 0.60 V at 1 A/cm using H2/O2 at a loading of 0.053 mgplatinum/cm have been achieved.


Abstract During postulated severe accidents in nuclear power plants, steel sheets and shells may suffer high plastic strains up to several percent. In contrast, for design-basis accidents the strains are within lower limits of the order of 0.2% required by the given rules. In both cases the margins up to structural fracture are of vital interest. In sheets and shells these margins may be reduced by diffuse as well as localized necking. Therefore, this paper investigates the remaining structural deformability described by the uniform elongation strain, where diffuse necking starts, and the quasi-uniform elongation strain, where localized necking starts. The theoretical models developed recently for thin sheets under uniaxial loading are extended to account for biaxial loading. Major findings are confirmed by appropriate structural experiments. Based on these results and their scatter, strain limits are recommended for steel sheets and shells under accident loading, such that fracture can be excluded. The strains caused by the accidents discussed in this paper turn out to be below these limits.


Abstract The sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed, and surface-layer thermal stability affect surface thermal fluxes that are conducive to deep convection. In the present study, numerical model sensitivity evaluations were carried out to quantify the impact of these properties on the potential for deep convection when short periods or airmass travel distances are pertinent. A comparison is also made between the widely used Charnock formula for the sea surface roughness length and a more recent formulation. The numerical model results usually indicate enhancement of the deep convection potential as SST and wind speed increase for a given simulation period. However, for a given airmass travel distance, the total surface thermal fluxes and deep convection reduce moderately with increased spend. Scaling evaluations are presented to provide additional insight into the basic thermodynamic forcings.


Rigid IPN foams were prepared by sequential polymerization of polyurethane and epoxy systems. Significantly higher compressive modulus and strength were observed with the IPN foams in comparison to the corresponding polyurethane rigid foams. The IPN foams show one glass transition temperature. The single T g indicates the very small domain size in the PU-epoxy IPN's


Pari Pandharipande, MD, explores the importance of considering the timing of when a patient experiences a disease and incurs radiation-induced cancer risks.