This ethnography, carried out in one of the most dangerous neighbourhoods of the capital of Ecuador, is the result of one year of fieldwork, during which I closely followed the daily life of drug dealers and consumers of coca paste, in order to describe the underlying political economy, as well as the ways in which the paste is consumed and the strong addiction it generates. As a narrative resource, I use the life story of "Fabian", one of my main interlocutors, who migrated to Quito in order to escape the violence and poverty he experienced in the province of Esmeraldas. I also describe the circumstances leading to his migration, on the basis of his personal economic and urban trajectory, emphasizing the multiple survival strategies he had to resort to in order to achieve an average economic, emotional, and family stability in the city. My main objective is to show the reader the daily suffering, the subaltern condition, and the structural violence embodied in a young, Afro-descendant migrant, while, at the same time, providing a greater understanding of the rising consumption of coca paste in 21st century Ecuador. Likewise, I discuss the strategies, practices, technologies, and survival rituals commonly adopted by homeless persons to ensure their access to drugs, food, lodging, and money over time, through mixed economies (informal/formal, legal/illegal). Finally, I introduce another series of factors that expand our understanding of this problem, social factors that determine the entry of certain subjects into the world of drugs, the streets, and violence, which contrast with the stereotypes according to which homeless people are usually stigmatized politically and socially.


The investigation of the recombination of nuclear polarized hydrogen and deuterium atoms into polarized molecules gives new insights into different fields in physics and chemistry. On the one hand, the measurement of the polarization preservation during the recombination process itself allows one the observation of a new parameter during the chemical processes on different surfaces and enables the production of hyper-polarized molecules. On the other hand, the molecular polarization measured as a function of the imposed external magnetic field delivers the coupling forces of the nuclear spins and the rotational magnetic moments of the molecules as well as the coupling between the two nuclear spins themselves. This knowledge allows one to optimize storage-cell gas targets for coming accelerators experiments or to produce and handle polarized fuel for future fusion reactors.


The invention provides a novel hot melt welding machine, and relates to the technical field of vehicle part processing. The novel hot melt welding machine comprises a host machine and a separation shield, wherein the separation shield is arranged outside the host machine, the front surface of the separation shield is provided with a perspective window, and the back surface of the separation shield is provided with an exhaust fan. According to the present invention, with the novel hot melt welding machine, in the case of no influence on the operation of the staff, the toxic gas generated during the hot melting of the plastic can be timely discharged so as to substantially improve the working environment of the operator.


Background: Childhood mastery of manipulative skills predicted their adolescent learning and mastering specialized skills needed for successful participation in sports and activity. This study investigated relationships between levels of manipulative skill competency and participation in physical activity in school-aged children. Methods: 265 fifth-grade students voluntarily participated in this study. The students' skill performance in four basic specialized manipulative skills was assessed using reliable and valid assessment rubrics with processand product-oriented criteria. The students' daily physical activity was assessed using a 7-day daily physical activity (PA) log. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and univariate analyses, Pearson bivariate correlation, and multiple R-squared liner regression methods. Results: The results of regression models indicated that overall skill competency in four manipulative skills significantly contributed to weekly PA minutes for the total sample and girls, but not for boys. Specifically, girls' competency in soccer skills was a significant predictor of weekly PA minutes. Independent sample t-tests revealed that both boys and girls in the Skill-Competent group spent a significant amount of time in PA than their counterparts in the Skill-Incompetent group. Conclusions: Manipulative skill competency plays a significant role in participation in PA inside and outside of school for school-aged children, especially for girls. Improving girls' manipulative skill competency is a key determinant of PA behavior for girls. Conflict of interest statement : We do not have any financial interest of the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.


Purpose:To investigate the role of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats after ischemic preconditioning by examining the change of the expression of HSP70.Methods:Forty five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation(S) group, renal ischemia-reperfusion(IR) group and ischemic preconditioning(PC) group. The serum creatinine (Scr) and morphologic change and content of malondialdehyde(MDA) of the kidney were assessed. Expression of HSP70 in renal cells was analysed by immunohistochemical technique.Results:In the IR group, the level of Scr in the blood, MDA in the renal tissue and the score of tubules were significantly higher than those of the PC group (P 0.05). In PC and IR groups, HSP70 positive immunoreactive cells could be detected, but the PC group showed higher expression than that of the IP group (P 0.05), In the S group, HSP70 positive immunoreactive cells were not found in the renal tubules.Conclusions:Ischemic preconditioning could protect the damage of ischemia- reperfusion to the kidney, and the mechanism may be related to the higher expression of HSP70 which can protect the cells directly and decrease the content of oxygen-derived free radidicals.


Prioritising communicativity has resulted in increased tolerance toward imperfections in second language users' grammar and pronunciation. Imperfect spelling however can not be disregarded, and it incurs severe social penalties. In this paper we ask whether, to what extent, and in what respects the second language English spelling of young Welsh‐English bilinguals is systematically idiosyncratic. Data are from free compositions written by 10–11 year old children in bilingual Gwynedd. Almost 40% of attested misspellings are attributable to Welsh L1 pronunciation and spelling rules. Target language overgeneralisation is also a potent influence on spellings. Special problems surface in the areas of lexical cognates. A model is presented of the second language spelling process in the form of a 'decision tree', with suggestions for its use for descriptive, diagnostic and remedial purposes. Areas wanting further research are identified.


A total of 22 UNICEF country offices provided information for this report through their country child protection and education teams. Data informing were obtained from two secondary sources of information (37 generic reports identified during a purposive trawl of the internet, coupled with a scoping of recent academic literature on school violence) and one primary source (102 documents from the 22 countries). Three principal issues were identified as challenges in the analysis: differences in terminology, cultural variation/interpretation and the validity, representativeness and coverage of data, including baseline data. The resulting data provided insights to the common factors which appear to underpin violence in schools and to those practices that seem to be effective in addressing it.


The author adopted the longitudinal study approach to make a survey over the 457 higher vocational education students in Guangdong Province about the effect,methods and their sexual differences of the goal content for exercise played on the exercise behaviors( recent exercise and exercise adherence),they are the self-determination motivation in exercise,the mediation role of basic psychological needs in exercise. The results indicate that: 1) the relative intrinsic goals play a positive predictive role in junior high school students' recent exercise and exercise adherence,the order is: relative intrinsic goals→self-determination motivation in exercise→basic psychological needs in exercise→recent exercise and exercise adherence; 2) in the effect mechanism,the relative intrinsic goals contain better explanation over the junior high school students' exercise adherence compared with the recent exercise; 3) sexual difference is revealed in the effect pattern of relative intrinsic goals acted upon the students' recent exercise and exercise adherence,it is mainly showed as the effect of relative intrinsic goals is more significant over female students' exercise adherence than the male ones.


A flexible battery and a method to form the flexible battery include forming an anode by embedding an anode type electro-active material within a mesh material and associating an anode current collector with the anode. Similarly a cathode is formed by embedding a cathode type electro-active material within a mesh material and a cathode current collector is associated with the cathode. An electrolyte is located between the anode and cathode, and the arrangement is sealed.


UV (ultra violet)-enhanced oxygen sensing using ZnO (zinc oxide) nanowires has been successfully demonstrated with improved sensitivity. These single-crystalline nanowires are grown by the VLS (vapor-liquid-solid) process using inductive heating and self-assembled between two MEMS microstructures by the technique of local vapor deposition. Under 365-nm UV illumination, the as-fabricated device shows up to 500% improvement in oxygen sensitivity as compared with sensing data from the same device without using UV light. The transient responses of ZnO nanowires under UV and oxygen environment are also investigated and a photocurrent decay process is observed and characterized. As such, this UV enhancement sensing scheme could be applicable for nanowire-based gas and chemical sensors.


Background: Infection therapy for children needs antibiotics. Since penicillin resistence already high, doctors tend to give second line drug, like cefotaxim, for initial therapy especially in HND so that its resistence tends to increase. The objectives of this study were to observe the difference of bacterial pattern and its sensitivity to cefotaxim and amikacin and to observe factors influencing bacterial pattern in HND and non-HND patients of Pediatric Ward at Kariadi Hospital.
Method: Data were collected retrospectively from medical records of Pediatric Ward at Kariadi Hospital in year 2004. Statistic analysis used are X2 and logistic regression test.
Results: Three major bacteria causing bacteremia were Enterobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. There were no significant differences of bacterial pattern (p=0,054).Bacteria in HND room less sensitive to cefotaxim than those in non-HND room(p=0,014). Amikacin sensitivity, in both nursing room, did not significantly differ(p=0,13). Age,length of stay, invasive procedures, complications, nursing room, and cefotaxim initial affected bacterial pattern. Length of stayand nursing room affected cefotaxim sensitivity. Amikacin sensitivity was affected by length of stay.
Conclusion: Cefotaxim sensitivity in HND room less sensitive than in non-HND room.

Keyword: infection, initial antibiotics therapy, amikacin, cefotaxim.


In order to solve the problems of the primary Fe-rich phase separating the metal matrix seriously and deteriorating the property of hypereutectic Al-Fe alloy, rare earth (Y) metal was used to modify Al-5%Fe alloy. Results showed that when Y is added the growth tendency of the primary Fe-rich phase is depressed, the nuclei of the primary phase are increased and the morphology, size, and distribution of the primary phase are influenced significantly. When 0.1% of Y is added, the shape of primary Fe-rich phase is changed from coarse, needle-like shape to more uniformly distributed flower-like shape; and when addition of Y is increased to 0.5%, the morphology of primary Fe-rich phase is turned to well-distributed fine, round shape. When addition of Y is increased further, needle-like and a little flower-like Fe-rich phase appears, and the microstructure becomes coarse and non-uniform.


The present invention relates to a dietary formulation for the sustained release of water soluble active ingredients. And the formulation comprises a coating obtained by evaporation from a vinyl polymer dispersion which does not contain an emulsifier. The formulation of the present invention, including confectionery products, may be included advantageously in food compositions.


There are a lot of advancements going on in radio technologies. With the advent of technologies, we also need to improve our methods for their efficient usage. We face several problems in Broadcasting. The most common of these problems is making efficient BDMSTs to minimize distance between nodes. In this paper our focus is on genetic algorithm, which is being considered among the most proficient BDMST algorithms. Genetic algorithm works more efficiently provided its initial population is already processed. Thus, we have taken our initial population from NRGH algorithm. In this paper we have included all our studies and works to make a progressively efficient BDMST. This paper is not for best results but its a combination of enhancements towards better solution.


A frequently stated advantage of fractional-factorial (FF) designs over one-factor-at-a-time (1FAT) designs is their high relative efficiency. We study k-factor, 2k-run designs, where k is a power of 2 or is divisible by 4, for which the usually stated relative efficiency is k in favor of the resolution IV FF design over an orthogonal 1FAT design. We examine other ways to measure efficiency under main-effects–only modeling in the case when all factors are quantitative, which enables rescaling of their settings. If both designs are restricted to lie in smallest-sized hypercubes or hyperspheres of equal volume, then the relative efficiency of the FF design is 1 under the full model (k effects active). We also show that the designs are identical in an important sense: The 1FAT design can be rescaled and rotated to become a resolution IV FF design. The primary advantage of the FF design lies in its projection properties; if at most k′ factors are expected to be active, then, under equal-volume designs, the efficiency of the FF is at least k/k′. Next, taking a size-of-effects–based approach, we rescale the FF by restricting the design to have the same probability as a 1FAT design of producing too-large swings in the response (i.e., swings that produce unusable runs). Here the efficiency of the FF usually remains greater than 1, but it can reach 1/k in the limit. We show how these ideas may be used to help scale back originally planned settings in a fractional factorial design to reduce the chance of unusable runs while still maintaining the other advantages of FF designs.


The Western Himalayan Syntaxis area is located near the Pamir Plateau. The geological structure is active and geological disasters occur frequently in this area. In this study, we employed the Google Earth platform and visual interpretation to identify ancient landslides in the region and to establish a regional ancient landslide database. Then, nine landslide-influencing factors (elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, distance to the river, distance to a glacier, lithology, distance to fault and distance to the epicenter of earthquakes above magnitude 5) were examined using ArcGIS software. The spatial distribution of landslides were analyzed statistically. Finally, an IV model and WoE model were used to evaluate the regional landslide hazard and the evaluation results were verified via a confusion matrix and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The landslide database contained 7,947 landslides in this area with a total area of 3747.27 km2 . Landslides were mostly developed at an elevation of 4,000–5,000 m, a slope of 15–25°, a north aspect, curvature of −0.33 to 0.33, distance to the water system of 1,000–2000 m, distance to a glacier of 2000–5,000 m, Permian sandstone, siltstone, argillaceous sandstone and Triassic siltstone, conglomerate and fine conglomerate, and distance to a fault of 20,000–50,000 m. The accuracy of the IV and WoE models was relatively high. The comprehensive accuracy of the confusion matrix of the two models was above 70% and the AUC value of the ROC curve was above 75%. The landslide database of the Western Himalayan Syntaxis was established and the landslide distribution and hazard assessment results can be used as a reference for landslide disaster prevention and mitigation and engineering construction planning in this area.


The middle part of Inner Mongolia Plateau was got the very attention of many researchers and local governments because of its important geographical position.One of the most important reasons is that it is the region of serious wind erosion.And for this reason,this area was chosen as case study region to evaluate the soil wind erosion.In this paper,a wind erosion risk evaluation model was established by applying of geography information technology(GIS) and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method to assess the wind erosion risk in this region.A series of wind erosion risk datasets from 2000 to 2008 were then gathered in this study region to analyze the spatial distribution pattern and the temporal process of wind erosion risk in detail.Then,the driving mechanism in wind erosion process,including vegetation coverage,land use,meteorological factors,were analyzed deeply based on the common senses and existing wind erosion model.The main convolutions are as follows: First,from the southeast to the northwest,the wind erosion risk of study area gradually increased.Except the year of 2005,the general trend of wind erosion risk was falling during the whole study period.Second,the change of land system had little impacts on soil erosion risk because of the slight changes of land use and land cover in whole study period.Third,the continuous decline of wind energy intensity and the stable rising of NDVI were the leading factors to decline the wind erosion risk during 2000 to 2008;while the increase of soil dryness is the key driving forces of all 6 factors to increase wind erosion risk in 2005.


Offering ongoing information security for petabytes of information is essential for distributed computing. An ongoing review on cloud security expresses that the security of clients' information has the most astounding need and concern. Along these lines, this paper has built up a structure known as Cloud Computing Adoption Framework (CLOUD SECURITY) which has been modified for anchoring cloud data.CLOUD SECURITY is represented by the framework configuration in view of the prerequisites and the usage shown by the CLOUD SECURITY multi-layered security. Since our Data Center has 10 petabytes of information, there is a colossal errand to give constant insurance and isolate. We utilize Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) to mimic how information is being used. This paper has additionally shown that CLOUD SECURITY multi-layered security can ensure information continuously and it has three layers of security: 1) firewall and access control; 2) personality administration and interruption revention and 3) united encryption. To approve CLOUD SECURITY, this paper has embraced two arrangements of moral hacking tests required with entrance testing with 10,000 Trojans and infections. The CLOUD SECURITY multi-layered security can square 9,919 infections and Trojans which can be wrecked in a flash and the staying ones can be isolated or disengaged. Our CLOUD SECURITY multi-layered security has a normal of 20 percent preferable execution over the single-layered approach which could just square 7,438 infections and Trojans. We moreover propose a plan which creates an anchored information sharing among different client condition.


Research and investigation into the teaching of Chinese culture in the academic world of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language has grown like wildfire over the last 30 years,comprehensively spreading out in all directions.The distinct division of cultural teaching has also garnered an important position in the research field that has its own extensive following.Yet,even now in academia,there remain a number of disputes surrounding Chinese cultural teaching that restrict research into this and related fields.For the benefit of future scholarly research,this paper seeks to review and comment on the following three aspects:( 1) The prominence of"communicative culture"in cultural teaching;( 2) The specific division of cultural teaching content,and( 3) The arrangement of cultural teaching content levels.


Thermally sensitive binder (TSB) is developed as an internal safety mechanism of lithium-ion battery (LIB). The TSB is a polymer blend of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP). Compared with regular PVDF binder, the softening and swelling of TSB are more pronounced when temperature is above 110 °C. With the TSB, the cycling performance of LIB cell is not affected; upon nail penetration, the heat generation rate is significantly reduced. The crystallinity of TSB is an important factor. This technology may lead to the development of thermal-runaway-mitigating LIB cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45737.


Lecturers of Calculus at Civil Engineering School at the Universität Politècnica de Catalunya think Engineering students have to master mathematics to have a solid math foundation for their future studies and jobs as well as for developing and maintaining life-long mathematics learning skills. Our experience shows us that it is a difficult task but which can be achieved if we work to motivate and encourage students to understand, enjoy and learn for themselves this basic mathematics. In the present paper we introduce the last resources and materials that we have incorporated in the Calculus course taught during the first year of the Civil Engineering degree at the Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Camins Canals i Ports de Barcelona in order to motivate and encourage students to study and learn mathematics for themselves. One of these last implementations is a set of face-to-face workshops which incorporates a televoting system. The other one consists in two collections of specific videos: one of them with the intention to motivate Civil Engineering students towards mathematics and the other one presents Calculus skills to enhance students' important mathematical concepts. The data collected for each of these resources allow us to think that these resources can really help us to achieve our purpose.


A wide range of techniques for characterising optical fibres is reviewed. Both multimode and single-mode fibres are discussed, the latter in the non-linear as well as the linear regime. The author focuses on laboratory measurements of telecommunications fibres for research, development and quality assurance.


The established iron requirement for laboratory rodents is 35‐50 ppm, but standard rodent chows contain up to 350 ppm iron. Excess dietary iron exacerbates iron accumulation in hepcidin (Hamp) knockout (KO) mice and rats, which model the iron‐overload disorder hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) in humans. Establishing iron requirements is important to allow for proper experimental design when studying Hamp KOs since WT littermates are not iron‐loaded (and thus not an appropriate control group for iron‐loaded Hamp KOs). We hypothesized that Hamp KOs have iron requirements at least 50% below those of WT animals, given that intestinal iron absorption is inappropriately elevated (by 2‐3‐fold) in the KOs. In the present study, WT and Hamp KO mice and rats of both sexes were weaned onto one of four AIN‐93G purified rodent diets, with the following iron concentrations (in ppm): 5‐7 (low), 17‐20 (low marginal), 24‐27 (high marginal), or 45‐49 (adequate). After 6 weeks on the diets, bioindicators of iron status were assessed, including blood hemoglobin content and hematocrit, serum ferritin and nonheme iron content, tissue nonheme iron concentration, and blood transferrin saturation. Outcomes showed that significant iron loading occurred in Hamp KO animals when fed the high‐marginal and adequate iron diets, as indicated by higher serum ferritin and nonheme iron content, elevated hepatic iron levels and increased TSAT. Iron loading, however, did not occur when the KO rats and mice were fed the low‐marginal iron diets. Animals fed the low‐iron diet, however, developed IDA. We thus conclude that the optimal amount of dietary iron that will not result in iron loading post‐weaning in Hamp KOs, while also not causing iron depletion, is ~22 ppm. Consistent with our hypothesis then, Hamp KO rodents require about half as much iron as WT controls.


We set an upper limit of 8 eV for the mass of the electron antineutrino from studying the beta decay of tritium. We use a gaseous molecular tritium source, a high resolution magnetic spectrometer and a low background counting system to minimize the systematic errors encountered in these measurements. Our calibration data with radioactive {sup 83m}Kr enables us to measure our system response function and a good deal of atomic physics data. In addition to our end point results we have made the first measurement of the tritium beta decay spectrum below 200 keV. We find an excess of very low energy electrons which arise from molecular processes of the {sup 3}He-T{sup +} ion.


In this work, the Prussian blue/g-C3N4 (PB/g-C3N4) composite was synthesized from Prussian blue and g-C3N4 via a simple method. The composite was characterized by using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The material's photocatalytic performance was studied via the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). The results show that the composite degraded RhB more than pristine Prussian blue under visible light after 60 min. This material is promising for organic waste treatment.


The primary purpose of this study is to determine the correlational and structural relationships between the fear, depression and anxiety levels of nurses working in pandemic outpatient clinics during the period when the new coronavirus epidemic was accepted by all segments of the society and learning to live with the epidemic. Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was used in the study. The research population consisted of the nurse employees of six public hospitals with at least 1500 beds operating in different regions of Istanbul. Using the online questionnaire technique, data were collected from 450 nurses who worked in the COVID-19 pandemic outpatient clinic. IBM SPSS 23 and AMOS package programs were used in the analysis of the data. It was determined that the fear (mean:2.32), depression (mean:2.56), and anxiety (mean:2.32) levels of the nurses working in the pandemic outpatient clinics were partially lower than in the previous periods of the epidemic. Structural equation analysis revealed that the positive relationship between fear, depression and anxiety related to the COVID-19 epidemic had a high and acceptable fit index. In the late period of the COVID-19 epidemic, the fear, depression and anxiety levels of nurses working in pandemic outpatient clinics have partially decreased. There are reciprocal and strong positive relationships between the levels of fear, depression and anxiety caused by COVID-19.


Listening is the essential tool for successful real life communication.However,although both teachers and students spend much time listening,the result does not seem to be satisfactory.It is suggested that many things be done in this respect,such as bringing teachers role into full play,emphasizing preparative activities and so on.By doing so,listening class is sure to be more effective.


We present a Waveform Relaxation (WR) version of the Dirichlet-Neumann algorithm, formulated specially for multiple subdomains splitting for general parabolic and hyperbolic problems. This method is based on a non-overlapping spatial domain decomposition, and the iteration involves subdomain solves in space-time with corresponding interface condition, and finally organize an exchange of information between neighboring subdomains. Using a Fourier-Laplace transform argument, for a particular relaxation parameter, we present convergence analysis of the algorithm for the heat and wave equations. We prove superlinear convergence for finite time window in case of the heat equation, and finite step convergence for the wave equation. The convergence behavior however depends on the size of the subdomains and the time window length on which the algorithm is employed. We illustrate the performance of the algorithm with numerical results, and show a comparison with classical and optimized Schwarz WR methods.


Introduction: In Chile, since the implementation of public policies linked to the program of cochlear implants, the only published studies were prepared in the Metropolitan Region, that have sought to describe the results that these responses have obtained in the population. Aim: Describe the results of the National Cochlear Implants Program and explicit health guarantees in beneficiary patients belonging to Aconcagua health service. Material and Method: Cross-sectional study. The results of all the patients benefited implanted in the period 2003-2016 are reported. Results: Of the total number of people nominated nationwide, 3% (n = 17) were chosen from the Aconcagua health service, of which 58.8% (n = 10) were benefited with cochlear implants. All the benefited patients were investigated through consultation in the Otolaryngology polyclinic. The median auditory diagnosis was 22 months (Q1-Q3: 16-24), hearing aid implementation 24 months (Q1-Q3: 17-25), cochlear implant implementation 50-month (Q1-Q3: 29-56) and on of cochlear implant 52 months (Q1-Q3: 33-57). The median functional gain with implant was 58.4 dB (Q1-Q3: 46-65); statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results in patients using cochlear implants are satisfactory. It is necessary to expand the coverage of these public policies in the Aconcagua valley, consistent with the improvement of the processes related to the timely diagnosis of hearing loss and subsequent implementation of hearing aids in the times that the relevant evidence.


Under the background of the Chinese nation's fusion and development in the Han Dynasty, the millitary event that Li Ling,leading his 5,000 privates, fought bravely in the remotest area and were entirely wiped out, has deep social and historical meaning and aesthetic value. The roots of his millitary tragedy lie in the conflicts between his ideal, pursuit and millitary ideas and the temporal emperor's totalitarian will and millitary line. The tragedy not only has deeply influenced the temporal related events and figures, but also will influence the later generations' literary creation and people's aesthetic ideas and ethical concepts.


Today's increasing population maximum lie in the category of youth. Youth's are busy in their schedule. So youth's perception has changed towards online shopping. Because now purchasing is just away of one click and it reduces their precious time. They rely more on online for ticketing, booking or shopping. This study includes youth of Indore. Sample size for this study was 170 but 13 were discarded and only 157 respondents was taken into consideration. Primary data was collected by using closed end questionnaire. This questionnaire consist of two section, section A and section B. Section A, included the demographic profile of the respondent, which includes gender, age, qualification and occupation of the respondents. Section B, include 16 statements which were measured by five point Likert scale ranging from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree'. This research identified six factors Web portal Quality, Web portal ease of use, Security and other policy, Clear Payment and Delivery, Pre and Post Sales Services, Trust on Web portal. All of the six factors have given label YPWP (Youth Perception for Web portal).


Lysis conditions are crucial in the extraction and solubilization of phosphotyrosine‐containing proteins in a form that is immunoreactive, undegraded and enzymatically active. To establish optimal experimental conditions, we evaluated protein tyrosine phosphatase enzyme activity and the detection of PTP‐1B protein in human acute promyelocytic leukaemic cells, both before and after retinoic acid treatment. We found that the composition of the lysing buffer greatly influenced the efficiency of solubilization, resulting in major alterations in the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases and on the mobility of PTP‐1B protein.


Gamma rays with energies up to 21 MeV were measured with Ge detectors. Such γ rays were produced in the 208Pb(p,γ)209Bi reaction. The position of the 2g9/2 single proton orbit in 209Bi has been determined indicating the size of the Z=126 shell gap.


The radiations from ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{136}$ have been investigated with beta spectrometers, scintillation spectrometers, and a proportional counter spectrometer. Beta-particle groups of 341-kev and 657-kev energy were found, together with gamma-ray groups of energy 67.2, 153, 162, 265, 335, 822, 1041, 1245, 1410, 2350, and 2490 kev. A decay scheme is proposed on the basis of gamma-ray intensities and gamma-gamma coincidences.


The interassociation constants of Painter−Coleman association model, obtained from the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of low molecular weight analogues in dilute solution, were used to predict the thermodynamic properties of phenolic and polyester polymer blends. The miscibility window, phase diagram, and degree of hydrogen bonding were discussed with the transferability of the association constant between the model compound and the polymer blends. All the predicted results coincided with the actual hydrogen bonding, regular photograph, and proton spin−lattice relaxation in the rotating flame (T1ρH). This model provides a reasonable explanation of analogues of phenolic resin blends. The predicted thermodynamic properties are in harmony with the experimental results due to the high hydroxyl group density and low molecular weight of the phenolic resin which improves the compositional homogeneity of the phenolic/polyester blend.


This is an account of my development as a psychoanalyst beginning in a safe but very unquestioning culture of a London suburb. Some unusual features of my childhood, as well as a natural curiosity, made me need to question the apparent certainties of my surroundings. I describe how a number of events—the death of my father, my illness as an adolescent, and an unlikely encounter with psychoanalysis shortly after, set me onto a rather slow road toward becoming a psychoanalyst several years later. I describe the influences that were important to me. I have always been most inspired by those who could explain complex ideas in a simple and straightforward way, and this has become important objective for me.


The Linguistics Encyclopedia is a practical and stimulating resource for anyone with an academic or professional interest in language. It explores over 150 major and subsidiary fields of linguistic study, combining clarity with scholarly accuracy and depth. The Structure Entries are arranged alphabetically and extensively cross-referenced for ease of access. Emphasized in bold type, the key terms and topics are defined and discussed in context - and easily located using the Index . There is also a useful, comprehensive List of Main Subjects in alphabetical order, for speed of reference. Designed to provide the necessary information to understand any topic in focus, the entries have suggestions for further reading, and sources are given in the text in addition to a full Bibliography at the end of the volume. The Entries The entries in The Linguistics Encyclopedia provide scientific analyses of the physical and mental processes connected with language, its social and cultural role and the contribution its study can make to related disciplines and professions. They cover both the theory and practice of language study, and present a comprehensive survey of the diverse approaches to language description, analysis and interpretation. Specific areas such as pidgins and creoles, language typology and universals, and lexical-functional grammar are examined; and considerable attention is devoted to language acquisition and other areas of psycholinguistics. A particularly important feature of this Encyclopedia is its treatment of applied linguistics. Informative entries on areas like lexicography, language teaching and speech therapy illustrate the application of insights from both theoretical and descriptive approaches. In addition to its wide-ranging coverage of the traditional realms of linguistic study, this volume conveys the excitement of new developments in the field. Ideas of current and growing interest are advanced, for example, in the entries on syntactic theory, genre analysis and computational linguistics. The collection is also invaluable for its coverage of fields closely related to linguistics, such as the philosophy of language, logic and set theory, which provide essential background information to promote interdisciplinary understanding. An international team of specialist contributors to The Linguistics Encyclopedia ensures the broadest possible representation of views and theoretical perspectives, and each entry is clearly written to allow all users access to the information within. Key Features * In-depth entries explore over 150 major and subsidiary areas of linguistic study - from AI to traditional grammar - in a single volume * Comprehensive Index locates subjects and terms which appear as main headings or are highlighted within the text * Cross-references into related articles, suggestions for further reading and a detailed bibliography are provided * Usefully illustrated with line diagrams, tables and figures to explain key points in the text * Detailed coverage of applied linguistics * Prestigious editor and international team of specialists in each field


For fully understand the importance of ESP(English for specific purpose)teaching in the university,the author collected the information of ESP teachers in a famous comprehensive university as much as she can,compared with other similar university as well.The author analyzed the collecting dates on the following aspects: the teaching staff structure,the training system,the awareness of teacher's role etc,Then the author put forward some suggestions on how to set up a group of qualified ESP teachers.


Measurements of magnetoresistance in nickel alloys may be used as a tool to study the perturbation of 3d states by spin‐orbit interaction. This method has the advantage of providing a very narrow energy window, looking selectively at the states located at the Fermi level (from that point of view, the analysis of measurements of other quantities depending on spin‐orbit interaction, such as the magnetocrystalline anisotropy or the gyromagnetic ratio, is not so simple since all states below the Fermi level contribute in that case). The alloy 15% Fe‐85% Ni is probably one of the most suitable materials, since the effects are largest; previous work on magnetoresistance, Hall effect, and magnetostriction of polycrystals of this alloy has suggested the presence of near‐degenerate pairs of states at the Fermi level.The electrical resistance of single crystals of the alloy 15% Fe‐85% Ni has been measured at 20°, 77°, and 299°K, in a transverse or longitudinal magnetic field sufficient to cause ferromagnetic satura...


Robot navigation in a crowded area is difficult owing to the complexity of the natural world and the difficulties of simulating human interactions. In order for robots to safely and efficiently navigate near humans, it is imperative to include human behavior in robot navigation models. The prior techniques, on the other hand, isolate human behavior from models of robot navigation and solve robot navigation in a context-aware and partially observable setting. To us, this is the most rudimentary type of self-awareness that mobile robots may exhibit. We propose a risk-aware robot navigation model based on deep reinforcement learning that is capable of making improved navigational decisions. Our model provides safety, risk-awareness, and environmental understanding for mobile robots in both outdoor and indoor settings. We demonstrate our model's performance in both simulation and real-world robot environments.


Unilateral Stellate Block. Introduction: Left sided stellate ganglion predominance has been proposed as a mechanism responsible for lethal ventricular arrhythmias, due to hetaerae nouns ventricular repolarization. To determine the cardiovascular effects of such asymmetric sympathetic ganglion innervations in man, studies were performed in 15 patients undergoing unilateral stellate ganglion blockade for the management of chronic arm pain.


This article by David Pitcher describes research undertaken to understand the needs of grandparents who take on the care of their grandchildren following abuse or neglect. Thirty-three families were interviewed between February and April 1999. Most of them had substantial involvement with social services in placement, assessment and support. The study concluded that many grandparent carers experience a sense of isolation from their families and friends, and feel that social services have left them to get on without clear channels for help. It also revealed the real delight many carers have in their grandchildren, and suggested that this is a special quality of these placements. The article ends by describing local developments that have resulted from the study.


As a business owner, if you've ever considered providing gift cards to your customers, CPP offers good news that could help make the decision.


introduction: The consumption of tv series is common and is increasingly wi - despread. Nevertheless, in some people this consumption can become dysfunctional. It could be explored whether the identified link in the literature bet - ween different problematic consumptions and the need of emotional regulation can be extrapolated to this behavior. Therefore, our aim is to explore the association between problematic tv series consumption and affectivity. It was hypo - thesized that a higher affective intensity will be linked to problematic consump - tion. method: 113 persons (52.21% women) with an average age of 24.57 years ( sd =5.71) completed the Spanish adaptations of the Binge-Watching Engage - ment and Symptoms Questionnaire ( Bwesq ) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ( PaNas ) voluntarily and anonymously. results: 46.1% of the sample reports that, weekly, consumed several episodes of tv series in the same session, while 8.1% did so daily. In addition, 37% expressed that this consumption had had some negative impact on their lives. On the one hand, a positive and significant association was observed between negative affect and the dimen - sions «Dependence» (r=.330; p=.000) and «Loss of control» (r=.198; p=.036), while, on the other hand, the association was negative between positive affect and the dimensions «Loss of control» (r=-.345; p=.000), «Binge eating» (r=-.320; p=.001) and «Dependence» (r=-.264; p=.005). Conclusions: Thus, affection, as in other problematic behaviors, was an influencing factor in problematic con - sumption of tv series. Both the experience of unpleasant emotions and the absence of pleasant and positive emotions are related to this consumption pattern.


. In the first part of the paper devoted to the derivation of an explicit formula for the Hilbert symbol in a complete multidimensional field, primary elements and the Shafarevich basis for Lubin–Tate formal modules are constructed, which is the crucial point in the construction of explicit formulas.


The Project Rulison underground nuclear test was conducted in 1969 at a depth of 8,400 ft in the Williams Fork Formation of the Piceance Basin, west-central Colorado (Figure 1). The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management (LM) is the steward of the site. Their management is guided by data collected from past site investigations and current monitoring, and by the results of calculations of expected behavior of contaminants remaining in the deep subsurface. The purpose of this screening risk assessment is to evaluate possible health risks from current and future exposure to Rulison contaminants so the information can be factored into LM's stewardship decisions. For example, these risk assessment results can inform decisions regarding institutional controls at the site and appropriate monitoring of nearby natural-gas extraction activities. Specifically, the screening risk analysis can provide guidance for setting appropriate action levels for contaminant monitoring to ensure protection of human health.


The Berlin Reflectance Spectral Library (BRSL) provides a collection of reflectance spectra between 0.3 and 17 µm. It was originally dedicated to support space missions to small solar system bodies. Meanwhile the library includes selections of biconical reflectance spectra for spectral data analysis of other planetary bodies as well. The library provides reference spectra of well-characterized terrestrial analogue materials and meteorites for interpretation of remote sensing reflectance spectra of planetary surfaces. We introduce the BRSL, summarize the data available, and access to use them for further relevant applications.


New open-chain tetraamines containing ferrocene, 1,1′-bis(5-methyl-2,5-diazahexyl)ferrocene L1 and 1,1′-bis(2,5-diazahexyl)ferrocene L2, have been synthesized and characterized. Their protonation behaviour has been studied by potentiometric titrations in water (0.1 mol dm–3 KNO3, 25 °C). The co-ordination ability of L1 towards the divalent metal ions Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ has also been studied. It forms both mono-and bi-nuclear complexes with Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ whereas only mononuclear species were found for Pb2+. The electrochemical behaviour of L1 has been studied in CH2Cl2 and water, E½ is pH-dependent and from the E½vs. pH curve the protonation constants of oxidized L1(FeIII) were determined. Similar electrochemical experiments were carried out for L1–H+–M2+ systems. The good agreement between the E½vs. pH and z vs. pH curves (z= average charge calculated from potentiometric data) appears to suggest that the ferrocene–substrate interaction is mainly electrostatic.


This paper is to find out learning that uses fairy tale methods and increase students' literacy skills in rewriting the contents of fairy tales. Researchers use classroom action research. Data collection techniques with observation and writing ability tests, with skinative and quantitative analysis techniques. Research findings: there is an increase in the ability to rewrite fairy tales read from cycle I to cycle II. There are variations in storytelling techniques by utilizing various learning media in the form of images, audio visuals and the surrounding environment.


Keywords: Time-resolved spectroscopy ; X-ray absorption ; X-ray emission ; EXAFS ; XANES ; two-dimensional UV transient absorption spectroscopy ; synchrotron radiation ; molecules ; solvation dynamics ; substitution reactions ; reaction mechanisms These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 5880 (2013)Programme doctoral PhysiqueFaculte des sciences de baseInstitut des sciences et ingenierie chimiquesLaboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapideJury: V. Savona (president), M. George, A. Hauser, I. Tavernelli Public defense: 2013-8-13 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-5880Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2013-07-31, modified on 2017-12-10


A C0 finite element formulation of flat faceted element based on a higher-order displacement model is presented for the analysis of general, thin-to-thick, fibre reinforced composite laminated plates and shells. This theory incorporates a realistic non-linear variation of displacements through the shell thickness, and eliminates the use of shear correction coefficients. The discrete element chosen is a nine-noded quadrilateral with five and nine degrees of freedom per node.

A comparison of results is also made with the 2-D thin classical and 3-D exact analytical results, and finite element solutions with 9-noded first-order element. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Liquid emulsion nanodroplets composed of perfluorocarbon (PFC) and a drug (Doxorubicin) are currently being studied as a potential highly efficient system for tumor imaging and for local drug delivery. The nanodroplets have the ability to extravasate through hyperpermeable tumor blood vessel walls, and to accumulate in interstitial tissue. The extravasated droplets can be triggered and vaporized with focused ultrasound, converting them into gas bubbles while the encapsulated drugs are released during the explosive evaporation of the droplet. Single and double emulsions of PFC-in-water and oil-in-PFC-in-water upscaled to 5-10 um size were prepared and the nucleation and growth of the vapor bubbles (f=3.5 MHz, P_=4.5 MPa) was imaged at frame rates of up to 20 Mfps with the Brandaris ultra high-speed imaging facility. The recorded images provide new and detailed insight in the physical mechanisms associated with the vaporization dynamics. This include droplet deformation and oscillatory motion along with sur...


Increasingly, the potential short and long-term impacts of climate change on human health and wellbeing are being demonstrated. However, other environmental change factors, particularly relating to the natural environment, need to be taken into account to understand the totality of these interactions and impacts. This paper provides an overview of ongoing research in the Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) on Environmental Change and Health, particularly around the positive and negative effects of the natural environment on human health and well-being and primarily within a UK context. In addition to exploring the potential increasing risks to human health from water-borne and vector-borne diseases and from exposure to aeroallergens such as pollen, this paper also demonstrates the potential opportunities and co-benefits to human physical and mental health from interacting with the natural environment. The involvement of a Health and Environment Public Engagement (HEPE) group as a public forum of "critical friends" has proven useful for prioritising and exploring some of this research; such public involvement is essential to minimise public health risks and maximise the benefits which are identified from this research into environmental change and human health. Research gaps are identified and recommendations made for future research into the risks, benefits and potential opportunities of climate and other environmental change on human and planetary health.


Objective To study the feasibility and clinical practice value of vocal cords surgery with pedestal laryngendoscope and intracordal injection.Methods 56 cases of benign lesion of vocal cords had been treated by removing pathological lesions and injecting Diprospan(Betamethasone) at vocal cords,and the fadeaway(lessening) of vocal cord oedema and the improvement degree of hoarsenss were observed.Results In the 56 cases,25 patients with polyp of vocal cord(unilateral or double sides),6 patients with vocal nodules,10 patients with cysts of vocal cord,2 patients with angioma of vocal cord,the hoarsenss was obviously improved;1 patient with papilloma of vocal cord,1 patient with chronic hypertrophic laryngitis,1 patient with oedema of Reink's gap,the hoarsenss was not improved enough.After six months following up,1 patient with papilloma of vocal cord had recrudescence.Conclusion The vocal cords operation with pedestal laryngendoscope has wide field of vision,high clarity and accuracy in operation,and can not only thoroughly excise the pathological lesions,but also can retain the vocal cord structure and its function to the greatest extent.It can avoid many side effects of cortical hormone applied generally.It is deserved clinical popu;arozation.


Diffraction measurements performed via transmission electron microscopy and high resolution X-ray scattering reveal two distinct charge density wave transitions in Gd{sub 2}Te{sub 5} at T{sub c1} = 410(3) and T{sub c2} = 532(3) K, associated with the on-axis incommensurate lattice modulation and off-axis commensurate lattice modulation respectively. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the order parameters indicates a non-vanishing coupling between these two distinct CDW states.


Selection of ohmic contacts to Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) films is one of the most crucial tasks involved in the fabrication of efficient CZTS devices. In the present work, the formation of ohmic contact with the p-type CZTS films was studied. The p-type CZTS thin films were fabricated by thermal evaporation, followed by the subsequent sulphurisation in the atmosphere of N2 + H2S (5%). Ag, In, Al and Ti were chosen as the metal electrodes of the CZTS-based films. The characteristics of CZTS thin films and the structure of Mo/CZTS/M (M = Ag, In, Al and Ti) were investigated using XRD, Raman, SEM, and EDX, to name but a few. The ohmic contact property of the studied material was tested using an I–V characterisation system. The results showed that Al could form a high-quality ohmic contact with the p-type CZTS films among the metallic electrodes.


The biggest advantage of introducing blockchain is that it can deliver data to members while maintaining the security of medical data sensitive to personal privacy. That is, by using a blockchain in the ecosystem of medical information, it is possible to connect the insurer, the health care organization, and the patient. The blockchain provides health data efficiently and increases accuracy and efficiency when changing patient data through the health system. In addition, it improves the efficiency and control of patients' personal health data and increases the price transparency of pharmaceuticals and health services. So far, the healthcare industry has had strict regulations and policies to limit data security and personal privacy. Therefore, this paper has suggested the framework with functions to support clinical decision making more efficiently using blockchain technology and FHIR data standards. Basically, this framework is built on the FHIR, which is designed to be provided to patients. In addition, it complements and uses open key encryption technology and meets the key requirements required in interoperability functions, such as user identification/authentication, secure data exchange, and authorized data. In particular, it provides further secure data exchange method aiming access guarantee, consistent data format and system modularity. These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for


Foreword This IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science contains 302 papers that were presented at 29th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems (IAHR2018) held in September 16-21, 2018, in Kyoto, the ancient capital of, and one of the most attractive cities in, Japan. These papers were peer-reviewed by the scientific committee of the symposium and selected for presentation in this IOP Conf. Series. Doshisha University, located just besides the imperial palace in Kyoto, hosted the IAHR2018 and Turbomachinery Society of Japan (TSJ) organized the symposium. 475 delegates from 33 countries participated in the symposium and 321 papers were presented in its technical program, run in 6 parallel sessions. The technical program was organized by 11 sessions, which covered Hydraulic Turbines, Pumps, Pumps Working as Turbines, Sustainable Hydropower, Ocean Hydro Machinery, Hydraulic Systems, Hydraulic Mechanical and Fluid/Solid Interactions, Cavitation and Multiphase Flow, Computational and Experimental Technique, Pumped Storages, and General Topics. The technical program also included 4 plenary lectures delivered worldwide renowned scholars from academia and industries, 2 workshops on Energy Storage Systems by Hydropower Plants, and Singe and Multi Stage Pump Flow Prediction, and 1 panel discussion entitled "The Future of Pumping Machinery". List of Acknowledgments, Committees, Conference sessions (& session organizers), Exhibitors and Organizers are available in this pdf.


The risk assessor as the customer The requirements of the analytical method Initial sample preparation Metal analysis Analysis of inorganic parameters Petroleum hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons Volatile organic compounds Non-halogenated organic compounds including semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) Leaching tests Ecological assessment and toxicity screening in contaminated land analysis Appendices References Index.


Large hiatal hernias represent a challenge for surgeons. Various biologic grafts were utilized for crural reinforcement during laparoscopic repair. Extracellular matrix scaffold was recently popularized in the treatment of difficult wounds. We present a case of successful reinforcement of the diaphragmatic crura during laparoscopic repair of large hiatal hernia with extracellular matrix scaffold.


Inactivation of the von Hippel—Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene is linked to the hereditary VHL disease and sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CCRCC). VHL‐associated tumors are highly vascularized, a characteristic associated with overproduction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The VHL protein (pVHL) is a component of the ubiquitin ligase E3 complex, targeting substrate proteins for ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomic degradation. Here, we report that the pVHL can directly bind to the human RNA polymerase II seventh subunit (hsRPB7) through its β‐domain, and naturally occurring β‐domain mutations can decrease the binding of pVHL to hsRPB7. Introducing wild‐type pVHL into human kidney tumor cell lines carrying endogenous mutant non‐functional pVHL facilitates ubiquityl ation and proteasomal degradation of hsRPB7, and decreases its nuclear accumulation. pVHL can also suppress hsRPB7‐induced VEGF promoter transactivation, mRNA expression and VEGF protein secretion. Together, our results suggest that hsRPB7 is a downstream target of the VHL ubiquitylating complex and pVHL may regulate angiogenesis by targeting hsRPB7 for degradation via the ubiquitylation pathway and preventing VEGF expression.


New pyrethroids containing heterocyclic rings in the alcohol moieties were synthesised and their insecticidal activities were studied. Of these new pyrethroids, 3-benzylpyrrol-1-ylmethyl (1RS-cis, trans-3(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate was found to be the most effective, having higher activity than permethrin against Musca domestica by a topical application method. In addition, para-substituted analogues of the 3-benzylpyrrol-1-ylmethyl ester were also synthesised to study the substituent effects on insecticidal activities; the residual effects of these compounds against Blattella germanica were also examined.


The invention provides a preparation method of iodixanol, which comprises the following steps of: taking a compound of 5-amino-2, 4, 6-triiodo-N, N'-bi (2, 3-dyhydroxy propyl group)-1, 3-phthalamide shown as a structural formula I as a starting material, and preparing an intermediate of 'iodixanol-1' shown as a structural formula II; (2) preparing an intermediate of 'iodixanol-2' shown as a structural formula III through reacting the intermediate of 'iodixanol-1' prepared by the step (1) with NaOH; and (3) preparing iodixanol-2 shown as a structural formula V through reacting the intermediate of 'iodixanol-2' prepared by the step (2) with alkali, a substance M and dimerization reaction reagent in solvent. The method has the following technical effects that (1) the conversion rate in acylation reaction is high, the purity of a product is obviously improved compared with that of the product prepared by other processes; (2) the yield of bi-polymerized iodixanol of the compound A is high, and the liquid phase yield of the product in reaction can reach 92 percent; and (3) the technological operation is simple and high-efficient.


This study analyses trends in the effects of education on occupational outcomes in Great Britain. It shows that the direction and strength of the trend in the effects of education varies between social class and earnings. The trend in the effect of education on social class is unequivocally downwards, but on earnings it was downwards during the 1970s, levelled out in the 1980s, and has somewhat increased since then. This conforms to an L-shaped or U-shaped trend, depending on the qualification levels that are compared. Supposedly universalistic claims on changing labour market returns in response to changes in demand for and supply of qualifications are not so universalistic as often thought. The middle classes have become increasingly diverse in the kinds of work done, making it difficult to see increasingly functional and/or credentialistic matches between education and class, whereas earnings can easily be adjusted to changes in supply and demand. However, earnings variation has increased between classes, so that the trends in the effect of education on earnings are partly shaped by increased class differentiation in employment relations.


Using Trichoderma viride T0 as orginal strain,the irradiation of protoplast by UV was carried out.Through screening by transparent circle on congo red flat at first and then by solid fermentation,a strain of UVT12 producing high yield cellulase with good stability was obtained,and its CMC enzymatic activity reached 1020.24 U·g-1,which enhanced 124.3% compared with the start strain T0.


The American Civil War is full of poignant moments of courage, heroism, and sacrifice. Perhaps Gettysburg's three days saw more of these instances than any other battle of that war. These occurrenc...


We demonstrate strong evanescent wave amplification by a thin slab of uniaxial μ-near-zero (UMNZ) material. It is found that while retaining the same amplification effect, the slab can be made arbitrarily thin when the negative permeability along the axis of anisotropy approaches zero. Numerical results show that using a single layer of split-ring resonators (SRRs) with its thickness equal three thousandth of the incident wavelength (λ/3000), a subwavelength source distribution with λ/4 resolution can be transferred to a distance of λ/3.


To enhance laser-propulsion thrust performance, a unique Laser-driven In-Tube Accelerator (LITA) has been developed. This paper numerically analyzes the impulse generation mechanisms in LITA. For this purpose, a LITA performance experiment was conducted in atmospheric air with a projectile installed on a ballistic pendulum to calibrate the numerical approximations. We conducted experimental flow visualization by framing shadowgraph and computational fluid dynamics solving the axi-symmetric Euler equation applied to an ideal gas. The results show that a laser-driven blast wave is generated by a spherical hot gas core where the supplied laser energy is absorbed first. The effect of confinement by the tube or shroud wall is confirmed. The impulse production is established not only from the interaction between the incident blast wave and projectile, but also from the following repetitive pressure waves. Assuming that about 30% of the input laser energy is absorbed by the working air, both the impulse and peak pressure agrees quantitatively between the experiment and numerical simulation.


We appreciate the comments of Drs Aihara and Guyatt on our study, 1 but before replying to them, we would like to correct an erratum in our study. The p-value for the difference in event rates among 3 groups with different risk levels who had not been given warfarin (Non-warfarin group) should be 0.053 instead of 0.048 after 1 point was given to those with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Table 31). Therefore, the difference is of marginal significance. As Drs Aihara and Guyatt pointed out, the event rate of patients with a CHADS2 score of 0 who had been treated with warfarin was 3.9%/year, and was unexpectedly higher than that of those with a CHADS2 score of 1 or 2. As we mentioned in our previous study,2 cardiomyopathy emerged as an independent risk factor for thromboembolism in our patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was found in 5% of our cohort of patients. 1 A previous study disclosed that patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy could be at elevated risk for thromboembolism,3 which could lead to an increase in the event rate of the apparently low-risk group treated with warfarin in our study. Thus we modified the CHADS2 score by giving 1 point to those having hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and reanalyzed the data.1 Importantly, the study itself was post hoc in nature and the data should be interpreted cautiously, as we have already mentioned.1 A correction for continuity is recommended when the chisquare test is employed for comparison of the data given in a 2×2 table. However, this correction for continuity is not worthwhile making when calculatingχ2 with degrees of freedom of 2 or more, 4 as with our data shown in Table2.1 We therefore employed the chi-square test without correction for continuity to analyze the data. Our post hoc analyses have several limitations as mentioned previously,1 but clearly indicate patients with NVAF who are at high embolic risk (eg, their CHADS2 score is 3 or more) would have thromboembolic event rates of 4– 5%/year or more when they are not anticoagulated with warfarin, or when the intensity of anticoagulation is not kept within the optimal range. These event rates are not acceptable in the clinical setting for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with NVAF. We do not want to insist on the use of CHADS2 score as a risk stratification scheme, but rather emphasize that patients with NVAF who are at high risk for thromboembolism as estimated, for instance, by CHADS2 score or other risk stratification schemes5 need anticoagulation with warfarin, and the intensity of anticoagulation should be kept within the optimal range.1,6


The various causes of modulation in the input circuit of a constant-resistance ring modulator (in which input modulation is ideally absent) are analysed theoretically and discussed on the basis of the analysis and of experimental results.


Modelling association football or soccer prediction model has become a popular issue among scholars in the last few years. This paper is set to study a Bayesian networks (BNs) for football match outcome prediction. The main objective of this paper is to review the application of Bayesian networks (BNs) in football match prediction. This review may be useful for future researchers in developing new prediction model using BNs that incorporate several new features alongside with other existing features that contribute to increase the predictive performance of football prediction model.


Acid leaching of Al,Fe and Si from sintered mixture of sodium carbonate(SC)and fly ash(FA)was investigated in this research.The results showed that nepheline was formed in the reaction of SC and mullite from FA,accompanied with the release of CO2.Leaching behavior of Fe was the same as that of Al,however,Fe was extracted easier.Silica was leached from SC-FA mixture started transferring to complete melting from sintering state,and more than 2% of silica was leached.


In order to find the vegetable niche pattern in arid and semi-arid grassland region,the niche breadth and niche overlapping of plants in artificial fencing grassland in Yanchi county of Ningxia province were measured by means of Levins niche breadth index and Pianka niche overlapping index.The results showed that the largest niche breadth in core area was Heteropappus altaicus(Willd.) Novopokr.With 0.81,and that in edge area and outside area all was Ixeris chinensis var.graminifolia(Ledeb.) H.C.Fu with 0.77 and 0.83,respectively.The results of niche overlapping analysis also showed that the niche breadth and niche overlapping did not have a direct linear relation.Fencing has been used as a main measure for rehabilitation of rangeland all over the world,but complete fencing for a long time is detrimental to vegetation restoration and the stability of plant community.


Objective To analyze the surgical techniques, clinical effectiveness, safety, and significance of the traus-facet joints approach to treat spine degenerative diseases with anterior compression. Methods Collected 28 patients with trausfacet joints approach to treat spine degenerative diseases with anterior compression. There were thoracic disc protrusion with ossification in 13 cases,thoracic ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament in 10 eases, thoracic vertebra posterior osteophytes in 3 cases, ankylosing spondylitis in 2 cases, Patients by clinical manifestations, CT and MRI confirmed spinal cord compression symptoms, the nature and type of lesion, anterior ossified compressions were cut via posterior-lateml ap - proach and fixed. All the patients assessed with the JOA score and Epstein grading standards. Postoperative follow-up, follow-up period of 6-24 months. Results After 6 months in accordance with the Epstein grading standards postoperative functional assessment showed excellent 9 cases, good in 13 cases, improve in 5 cases, poor in 1 case, the good rate of 78.57%. After three months and six months JOA score was statistically significant compared with the preoperative (P0.05). Conclusion The traus-facet joints approach to treat spine degenerative diseases with anterior compression can effectively relieve spinal cord compression symptoms and clinical efficacy and safety should be affirmed.


In this paper, we propose a distributed resource allocation mechanism with inter-cell interference (ICI) coordination for practical orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) uplink. The designed scheme combines soft frequency reuse (SFR) and interference limited power control of neighboring cells. It avoids severe interference to neighboring cells through adjusting the interference limited power constraints according to the load variations across cells. The computational complexity is greatly lowered by decomposing a multi-cell optimization problem into distributed single-cell sub-problems. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only guarantees the cell-edge UEs' quality of service (QoS) but also improves the overall system performance significantly. Moreover, this scheme can adapt to the load variations in a certain cell or across cells.


Since the Reform and Opening to the outside world in China, economy has increased steadily and labor market has been progressively formed. More than 20 years of rapid economic increase helped to solve the problems of employment. But in the future labor market will still be faced with contradiction between supply and demand and great employment pressure because of the sustained population increase in the past tens of years. Forecasting the labor supply and demand in China, the present paper is looking forward to its labor force market in the future.


A Polar Patrol Balloon observation of cosmic ray protons (E ≥ 100 MeV) was carried out in Antarctica, also energetic X-ray (E = 30-120 keV) observations of auroral, solar and/or cosmic origins as well. The Polar Patrol Balloon No. 6 (PPB≠6) was launched from Syowa Station on January 5, 1993 and drifted westward by 1.5 circumpolar rounds over Antarctica, covering 6-13 g/cm2 atmospheric depth and 63°S-70°S geographic latitude. A total of 584 hours of observations was obtained. During the period, data telemetry and balloon tracking were performed by a multi-ID ARGOS system, through which the all data were acquired every 30 seconds. A preliminary report of fluxes and spatial distributions of cosmic ray protons and auroral X-rays is presented. Some features of the results are summarized as follows. 1) Proton fluxes measured in the polar cusp region still reveal a progressive increase at higher latitudes above the cosmic-ray latitude knee. 2) The differential energy spectrum of cosmic ray protons measured near the solar minimum is consistent with observations in 1967 and 1977. 3) Distinct enhancements of auroral X-rays were often observed, particularly dominant in the magnetic local dayside time.


On the Markan priority, the portrayal and development of the Twelve belong to the most iconic improvements of Matthew and Luke over Mark's gospel. Going back to the 19th century, proponents of Matthew's and Luke's independence have pointed out Luke's non-use of Matthean additions to Mark, including such passages as Matthew 9:9; 14:28-31; 16:17-19; 17:24-27. In recent decades, defenders of the Farrer hypothesis (Luke's use of Matthew) have attempted to explain Luke's failure to take over Matthew's changes of Mark in these instances with a range of proposals. This article takes up the debate, responding to the arguments of the Farrer scholars and engaging the recently resurgent Matthean Posteriority hypothesis (Matthew's use of Luke) which, it will be suggested, faces a similar set of issues.


In this paper we prove a local result of existence and uniqueness for a free boundary problem for snow avalanche arising from a new model proposed in . The mathematical problem consists of a parabolic free boundary problem with non‐standard free boundary conditions (erosion dynamics). The proof is essentially based on a fixed point argument.


Ilex servinii (Aquifoliaceae) a new species from the northeastern portions of the state of Queretaro, Mexico, is described and illustrated. This tree presents wider leaves than the other species of central Mexico, its flowers are bigger and it is practically glabrous. It occurs in oak-pine forest and cloud forest. The species is very rare. A comparison is made between Ilex servinii and I. tolucana Hemsl., I. discolor Hemsl., I. brandegeana Loes., three other species from central Mexico.


Van der Walt and Van Kerken (1959) and Van der Walt (1965. 1966, 1967) introduced several non-valid combinations in the genera  Brettanomyces , Kluyveromyces , Lodderomyces and Wingea by omitting to list relevant basionyms according to the requirements of Article 33 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. As these combinations, however, have been adopted in the new taxonomic treatise edited by Lodder (1970), they are now validated in conformance with the requirements of the Code.


The temperature-mediated crystal structures of N,N′-ditridecylperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-C13) on organo-compatible polymer/SiO2 bilayer dielectrics, including either physisorbed or grafted polystyrenes (PSs), were examined and correlated with their electrical characteristics in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The crystallinity of the PTCDI-C13 films on these dielectrics increased with increasing annealing temperature (TA), but the semiconductor–dielectric interfaces were also changed depending on the surface properties of the polymeric dielectrics. When TA was increased above the glass transition temperature of PSs, the 20–30 nm thick physisorbed PS layers became softened and further dewetted from the oxide surfaces, resulting in the subsidence and disconnection of PTCDI-C13 crystal grains into the undulated PS layers. In contrast, the PS monolayer grafted to the SiO2 surface could maintain a wetting layer even at TA = 200 °C, resulting in a hydroxyl free dielectric surface...


The influencing factors of rural residential areas have always been a key research direction in addressing rural problems in China. By introducing a spatial regression model combined with Kernel Density Estimation and Buffer Analysis, this study made a comparative study on the quantification of the influencing factors of rural residential areas in 2009, 2012, and 2015 in Lishan Township, Hubei Province, China. The results showed that the elevation and slope of Lishan Township have always played a decisive role in the distribution of rural residential areas, that the influence of the water system is abnormal, and that the influence of roads and townships has been strengthened based on the spatial statistical analysis. Then, based on spatial econometric regression analysis, the coefficients of "Topographic indices" (CTI) were 0.666, 0.719, and 0.439 in 2009, 2012, and 2015, respectively. The coefficients of Road (CR) were 0.170, 0.112, and 0.108, respectively. The coefficients of Town (CT) were 0.120, 0.127, and 0.166, respectively. The coefficients of Water system (CWS) were 0.166, 0.124, and 0.173, respectively. With the change of time, the influence of road decreased and the influence of town increased gradually. Furthermore, the influence of the water system and topography showed volatility.


The tempreature control of the drying oven has such proplems as nonlinearity and time delay during the process of electric engine insulation.Neither a general PID controller nor fuzzy controller can achieve a satisfactory effect.To resolve the problem,a fuzzy PID Controller is designed to combine the advantages of PID control and fuzzy control.First,a mathematical model of the temperature control system of the drying oven is built.Next,the input-output volume of the system is established before setting fuzzy control rules to make fuzzy reasoning.The parameters of the PID Controller are then figured out,which enables the PID Controller to be finally used to control the temprature of the oven.The computer emulation result as well as the spot test shows that the fuzzy self-tuning PID controller,compared with the traditional PID controller,can increase the self-tuning ability and the robustness of the temperature control system.It can improve both the dynamic and static property of the system,hence a better effect for special systems like nonlinear or time-lag ones.


In this report we construct two mechanisms that fully implement social welfare maximising allocation in Nash equilibria for the case of a single infinitely divisible good subject to multiple inequality constraints. The first mechanism achieves weak budget balance, while the second is an extension of the first, and achieves strong budget balance. One important application of this mechanism is unicast service on the Internet where a network operator wishes to allocate rates among strategic users in such a way that maximise overall user satisfaction while respecting capacity constraints on every link in the network. The emphasis of this work is on full implementation, which means that all Nash equilibria of the induced game result in the optimal allocations of the centralized allocation problem.


A distributed algorithm is presented for finding the bridges of an undirected graph on a network model of computation. The output of the algorithm, i.e. the set of edges each of which is a bridge, is available in a distributed manner. More precisely, every node returns a set of nodes (may be empty) each of which together with that node forms a bridge of the given graph. For algorithms in such a computational model, two types of complexity measures are important. One is the time complexity, and the other is the message of communication complexity. These two complexities of the proposed algorithm are found to be O(d) and O(e), respectively, where d is the diameter and e is the number of edges of the graph.


A single-mode biconical tapered optical fiber (BTOF) sensor was utilized for sensing the variation of refractive index (RI) with concentration of D-glucose in double distilled deionized water and measuring of RI of amino acids (AAs) in carbohydrate solutions. This method showed a rewarding ability in understanding the basis of biomolecular interactions in biological systems. The BTOF is fabricated by heat pulling method, utilizing a CO2 laser. The detection limit of the BTOF was 50 ppb for the D-glucose concentration ranging from 0 to 80 ppm, and RI detection limit corresponding to these concentrations in the range at 1.3333 to 1.3404 was 5.4×10-6 as a refractometer sensor. The response of the BTOF shows that the different kinds of interactions of various groups of AAs such as L-alanine, L-leucine, and L-cystein with D-glucose, sucrose and water molecules depend on functional groups in AAs such as OH, SH;CH2;NH3+ ,COO-. These results can be interpreted in terms of solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions and structure making/breaking ability of solutes in the given solution.


The present invention relates generally to genetic material into living cells. In some embodiments, the present invention relates to nucleic acids for targeted delivery of cells to the composition of matter. In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to the targeted delivery of nucleic acid to a cell. In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to a polymer comprising at least one amino acid in the main chain thereof. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a polymer comprising at least one amino acid in the main chain, resulting in biodegradability, and in some embodiments, the lead controllable biodegradability.


The article is devoted to the lightning out of the issues of modern secondary biological education, namely: establishment of intersubject connections at forming main concepts of the course; activation of students' cognitive activity at the biology lessons; high-quality control of knowledge, and also establishment of clear criteria of pupils' achievements in training.


An additional blood flow system for assisting the circulation of blood in the patient's body (10,10a-e). The system of additional implantable within a patient blood flow device (12), additional blood flow device (12) transmitting to and blood flow system power to (12) for controlling the flow rate of blood through and a controller (18). Controller (18) includes first and second power input portion (38, 40) the power output part (41). Power output unit (41) is introduced into said additional blood flow device is connected to the transmission line (20) (12). Portable programming module (70) is connectable to at least one first and second power input portion of the (38, 40), the controller (18) need operating parameters of the stored pump of the patient in the accordingly it may be possible to change.


After fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to treat Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), cognitive improvement is noticeable, suggesting an essential association between the gut microbiome and neural function. Although the gut microbiome has been associated with cognitive function, it remains to be elucidated whether fecal microbiota transplantation can improve cognition in patients with cognitive decline. The study included 10 patients (age range, 63–90 years; female, 80%) with dementia and severe CDI who were receiving FMT. Also, 10 patients (age range, 62–91; female, 80%) with dementia and severe CDI who were not receiving FMT. They were evaluated using cognitive function tests (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Clinical Dementia Rating scale Sum of Boxes [CDR-SB]) at 1 month before and after FMT or antibiotics treatment (control group). The patients' fecal samples were analyzed to compare the composition of their gut microbiota before and 3 weeks after FMT or antibiotics treatment. Ten patients receiving FMT showed significantly improvements in clinical symptoms and cognitive functions compared to control group. The MMSE and CDR-SB of FMT group were improved compare to antibiotics treatment (MMSE: 16.00, median, 13.00–18.00 [IQR] vs. 10.0, median, 9.8–15.3 [IQR]); CDR-SB: 5.50, median, 4.00–8.00 [IQR]) vs. 8.0, median, 7.9–12.5, [IQR]). FMT led to changes in the recipient's gut microbiota composition, with enrichment of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathways were also significantly different after FMT. This study revealed important interactions between the gut microbiome and cognitive function. Moreover, it suggested that FMT may effectively delay cognitive decline in patients with dementia.


Objective To assess the diagnostic value of Manning's criteria, Rome Ⅰ criteria and Rome Ⅱ criteria in Chinese patients of irritable bowel syndrome. Methods 724 subjects were enrolled from the outpatient department of gastroenterology and the physical examination center of Xinhua hospital. Self designed questionnaire, routine physical examination and selective accessory diagnostic procedures were undergone in all subjects including 402 cases of irritable bowel syndrome,134 cases of non ulcer dyspepsia,90 cases of ulcerative colitis and 98 healthy controls. According to Manning criteria, Rome Ⅰcriteria and Rome Ⅱcriteria, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood and negative predictive value(PV), positive likelihood and negative likelihood were calculated separately. Results The sensitivity and specificity of Manning's criteria, Rome Ⅰ criteria and Rome Ⅱcriteria were 96.02% (95%CI:95.06%-100.0%), 77.36% (75.31%-79.41%), 68.41% (66.14%-70.68%) and 47.51% (44.78%-50.23%), 73.29%(70.87%- 75.70 %) 83.23% (81.19%-85.27%),respectively. The positive PV and negative PV were 69.55%, 78.33% , 83.59% and 90.53%, 72.17%, 67.85%, respectively.The positive likelihood and negative likelihood were 1.83 , 2.90 , 4.07 and 0.08, 0.31, 0.38, respectively. Conclusion Irritable bowel syndrome could be positively diagnosed by taking an appropriate history and questionnaires,Rome Ⅱ criteria had higher validity in diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome.


Introduction: Individual oral stent is a mouth-opening device that used in head and neck cancer radiotherapy with the intention of decreasing radiation dose to health tissues. The
aim of this study was to check the dose delivered to both the hard palate and tongue when patient uses the stent during radiotherapy of tongue carcinoma.
Methods and materials: The intraoral stents were made for 10 patients and TLD-100 dosimeters were placed at superior and inferior parts of stent at the level of hard palate and
tongue, respectively. Then patients treated with 3DCRT technique using 6MV photons, the
data from the TLDs and treatment planning system calculations were analyzed.
Results: The results showed that the mean (±standard deviation) relative difference between
measured and calculated doses for tongue and hard palate was -4.41± 6.34, 0.57± 9.6
respectively.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated the value of thermoluminescent dosimetry as a
treatment verification method and its usefulness departmental quality assurance program.


Early in the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, many blood collection organizations (BCOs) were asked to collect and distribute COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) as a potential treatment for this new virus and resulting disease. However, recruiting CCP donors presented unique challenges for BCOs, as there were few recovered patients at this time, and like the general population, most potential CCP donors had no blood donation experience. Thus, many CCP donors were new donors, and their donation motivations were unknown.


We report the crystal structure and magnetic properties of spinel ferrite thin lms of magnetite, maghemite, and cobalt ferrite grown by reactive magnetron sputtering. The magnetic properties of spinel ferrite lms, in particular saturation magnetization, are affected by the growth conditions, even when no signi cant difference is found in the crystal structures. Comparing lms grown by molecular beam epitaxy with those produced by reactive magnetron sputtering, we found that the latter technique produces larger saturation magnetization than the bulk. Therefore, sputtering can be considered the suitable method for preparing various spinel ferrite compounds. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.ME201504]


AIM
The pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification (HO) is still unclear and the preventive measures and therapies are usually insufficient. The authors compared free radical scavengers with placebo in order to assess the magnitude of their inhibitory effect on the development of HO.

METHODS
A standard immobilization-manipulation model was used to induce HO in the hind legs of twenty female New Zealand albino rabbits. The animals were divided into two groups and received daily either placebo or a free radical scavenger (A/A) cocktail in a randomized double-blind fashion. Every four days an X-ray was taken and the thickness and length of new bone formation were measured at the thigh by two investigators independently.

RESULTS
Fisher's exact test revealed a significant difference in the development of heterotopic ossification between the placebo group and the A/A group (70% versus none, respectively ; P=0.0031).

CONCLUSION
The ischemia/reperfusion syndrome could be an important precipitating factor in the pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification and free radical scavengers were found to have a significant inhibitory effect on its development in a rabbit model. The results of this experimental model can be an impetus for further research into the prevention of heterotopic bone formation in humans.


This research project aims to create an autonomous vehicle that can navigate along the specified route. Using the intelligent decision system, the vehicle can avoid obstacle and follow the road even without explicit structural landmarks such as lines or markers. The teaching and playback technique is implemented in the navigation system of the autonomous vehicle. During the teaching phase, the vehicle is driven by a human driver. The data from various kinds of sensors are collected and analyzed to create the estimate trajectory that will be used for the playback mode. In the playback phase, the vehicle's decision system uses the sensor data to control the vehicle according to the estimate trajectory from the teaching phase. The vehicle was tested at the average speed of 10 km/hr. The multi-sensor localization system can enhance the robustness of the navigation even when the low-quality data from GPS were received. The obstacle avoidance algorithm performed successfully when the obstacle has distinct color compared to color of the road.


I recall the mid-seventies of the last century when I initiated the system of recording Stranding of marine mammals along the Indian Coast and the Lakshadweep and Andaman Nicobar Islands. This was a time when marine fisheries was meant to deal with only finfishes, crustaceans, shell fish and sea weed, Marine mammals wa outside the scope of fisheries. I was asked many a times as to why marine mammal studies should be undertaken as there were organizations, such as the Zoological Survey of India who could do this


The sensitivity of the flux in deep-penetration problems to anisotropic scattering was studied within the framework of monoenengetic transport theory. Several parameterized, anisotropic scattering kernels were used to represent a general class of anisotropies. The representation of these kernels in Legendre polynomial series of various orders was explored to determine their effect on calculated discrete eigenspectra and infinite medium fluxes. Eigenspectra for several kernels are presented as a function of the kernel parameter. Conclusions were drawn about the order of the Legendre expansion of the kernels required for accurate deep-penetration calculations, and the possible existence of multiple diffusion decay modes in realistic problems. In general, rather-low-order Legendre expansion was found to be adequate for problems in which the scalar flux was the primary quantity of interest. (9 figures, 5 tables) (auth)


The electroencephalogram (EEG) is an important bioelectric signal for studying human brain characteristics as well as detection of abnormalities like epilepsy. However, the EEG recorded from frontal channels, often contain strong artifacts produced by eye movements. Existing regression-based methods for removing artifacts require various procedures for pre-processing and calibration that are inconvenient and time consuming. This paper describes a method for removing the EOG artifacts contained in EEG signal based on adaptive filtering. The method uses separately recorded noisy EEG and clean EEG as two reference inputs. The noisy EEG signals with three types of EOG artifacts-horizontal eye movement, vertical eye movement and eye blinks have been recorded for five subjects. The adaptive filter, based on a least mean square (LMS) algorithm, adapts its coefficients to produce an output which matches the reference input.


Background Major Trauma Care is complex and requires robust communication systems between multidisciplinary teams. At Nottingham University Hospitals, major trauma patients requiring emergency surgery are prioritised in theatres creating competition for resources. This requires the Theatre Coordinator receiving appropriate patient information from the Emergency Department to determine the surgical urgency. We aimed to evaluate the existing theatre booking process for major trauma patients, identify key problems in practice, and redesign and test any new system prior to implementation. Methodology A literature review, analysis of existing major trauma care activity and historical local incident reports helped identify potential or actual system problems. Fieldwork enabled observation of the booking process in practice. A questionnaire and focus groups were used to explore existing practices and inform any redesign by consensus amongst an expert panel. Testing this new tool was initiated using simple desktop based simulation exercises. Results The literature and local data described clear consequences of failure to provide adequate patient information in a time critical manner. An existing major trauma theatre booking form was found to be used infrequently and inconsistently, with Co-ordinators favouring a more familiar generic form. Questionnaire data and focus groups with theatre staff, surgeons and anaesthetists (n = 84) distinguished critical versus surplus information for theatre planning, enabling redesign of the form, structured using key information in a chronological systematic manner. Next Steps The new form is now being tested using desktop simulations based on real cases with theatre coordinators, comparing useability and accuracy of data transmission with the generic form. This will guide further modifications before trialling it in practice. Further steps anticipated include production of a standardised handover proforma to be implemented in the Emergency Department, and evaluation of whether the final theatre booking form also provides a team briefing tool for when the patient arrives in theatres. References Flin R, O'Connor P, Chrichton M. Safety at the Sharp End. A guide to non-technical skills. Burlington: Ashgate Publications; 2012 Leonard M, Graham S, Bonacum D. The human factor: the critical importance of effective teamwork in providing safe care. Qual Saf Healthcare 2004;13, 85–90 Barach P, Weinger MB. Trauma team performance. Wilson WC, Grande CM, Editors: TRAUMA : Resuscitation, Anesthesia and Emergency Surgery. Chapter 6. Taylor and Francis: NewYork, pp. 101–13, 2007 MCCulloch, Rathbone, & Catchpole, 2011. Inteventions to improve teamwork and communications among healthcare. British Journal of Surgery, 98, 469–479


In this study, we examine the ontological and semantical aspects of the Ancient Classical and 19 century's architectural embellishments in order to distinguish ornament and decoration confused in the present one with another. As a result, it is shown that the ornament is that kind of embellishment as incorporated as well ontologically into the structure of a building as epistemologically, whereas the decoration is independent of the structure. And the purpose of the first is to communicate metaphysical meanings, whereas the one of the second, to please users esthetically or emotionally. Besides, in nature, the ornament is ancient or medieval, while on the other hand the decoration, modern. Thus, the supremacy of embellishment is transferred from ornament to decoration. In fact, the ornament, losing its metaphysical meanings and used for a subject's aesthetical and emotional satisfaction, is treated as a decoration. It would be the source of the confusion between the words 'ornament' and 'decoration'.


We present experiments using a new unsupervised approach to automatic text simplification, which builds on sampling and ranking via a loss function informed by readability research. The main idea is that a loss function can distinguish good simplification candidates among randomly sampled sub-sentences of the input sentence. Our approach is rated as equally grammatical and beginner reader appropriate as a supervised SMT-based baseline system by native speakers, but our setup performs more radical changes that better resembles the variation observed in human generated simplifications.


Addition of particulate antigen (e.g., chicken RBC) to a suspension of spleen cells from mice previously immunized with this antigen, will cause the release of a soluble, relatively heat-stable, dialyzable, 260-absorbing material capable of producing a non-specific stimulation of antibody-forming cells in vivo (e.g., of cells forming anti-sheep RBC or anti-E. coli). As in the case of oligodeoxyribonucleotides derived from calf thymus DNA, the non-specific endogenous stimulators (which also appear to be oligodeoxy-ribonucleotides) a) must be administered with antigen, b) enhance the early period of increases in antibody-forming cell populations, and c) are antagonized by kinetin riboside. The stimulators are recoverable from the extracellular environment 60 min after the initiation of in vitro reactions between immune spleen cells and corresponding antigen and can be released from spleen cell populations even when the spleen is harvested as late as 3 weeks after immunization. A corresponding release of non-specific stimulators in vivo by re-exposing animals at time of immunization, with antigen B, to a previously experienced different antigen A, has been noted. The results appear to elucidate the nature of a number of previously observed adjuvant effects and may have a bearing on a number of hitherto unexplained stimulations of immune responses.