THREE YEARS AGO, Pearse1 reported to the American Surgical Association that he had been successful in producing a gradual occlusion of the aorta in dogs. Wrapping the vessel with ordinary DuPont cellophane had led to a fibrosis which had eventually closed it off by its contraction. The ability of cellophane to produce this type of tissue reaction was used by Page2 in the production of perinephritis with persistent hypertension. We ourselves have had occasion to study this fibrosis in experimental work on hernliae. Since the above report was made, we have lhad the opportunity to try out the method in two human cases. One of these attempts was successful, as indicated by the title of this paper, while the other eventuated in ligation of the involved artery with an unsatisfactory result.


Knowing the groundwater quality is important for the drinking water supply in the highland area of Madagascar, including Merimandroso Commune insofar that groundwater is the main source of drinking water for a large number of Malagasy people. In this way, this study assessed the shallow groundwater quality with special focus on nitrate occurrence using multivariate statistical techniques such as cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). That was to determine the similarities among the water samples in terms of hydrochemical features and to identify the different mechanisms involved in the shallow groundwater hydrochemistry. The study was conducted on twenty-one water samples collected from dug wells. Cluster analysis grouped the water-sampling points into two main clusters: a highly nitrate polluted group (concentration greater than 50 mg/l) and a non-nitrate polluted group. The results showed a spatial variation of the groundwater chemistry processes, while no such variability was found temporally for water samples collected at different periods. Principal component analysis extracted three principal components accounted for over 82% of the total variance. It attributed the hydrochemical features of the water samples of high nitrate content to the nitrate pollution mechanisms along with the weathering of feldspar and ferromagnesian minerals. For some of the latter water samples, the water chemistry is likely affected by igneous rock weathering. This study confirmed both the usefulness and powerfulness of multivariate statistical techniques in water quality assessment, since they helped get a proper understanding of processes controlling the shallow groundwater chemistry.


This paper uses a static, small open economy computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of the Swedish economy to study the impact of the consistent internalization of external effects from transpo ...


ABSTRACT
Total quality management (TQM) is one of the key approaches for continuous quality
improvement of the products and services to meet customer satisfaction. By implementing
the TQM the contractors can increase profits and productivity in their organization. The
contractors in Semarang city are facing several problems to continue improving the quality,
reducing costs and waste and increasing productivity.
The objectives of the study are to investigate the contractors' knowledge of TQM and
the adoption and implementation of TQM in the construction industry in Semarang. This
research applied qualitative and quantitative method. A questionnaire was sent to six
contractors in Semarang. The response rate for the questionnaire was 93%.
The contractor with the highest level of knowledge in TQM was Adhi Karya, with
94% of its managerial/supervisor staff has undergone quality improvement training. On the
TQM adoption and implementation, 11% of the respondents said that their company used
TQM program to improve quality. The majority of respondents (79%) felt that the quality of
their products and services had improved after implementing quality improvement program,
with 89% of them also felt that their relationship with customers and suppliers had also
improved after implementing such program. The majority of respondents (54%) also said that
changing behavior and attitude of the people in organization was the biggest obstacle in
implementating TQM. The study recommends that the contractors increase the adoption and
implementation of TQM to meet future challenges in realizing the vision of world-class
organization.


Aim: Clinical use of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) effectively increases the level of Hemoglobin in blood and improve quality of life of patients.
Methods: Blood cancer patients is divided into two groups namely Treatment group and Control group. There is altogether 24 patients in treatment gp to whom both chemotherapy and rHuEPO is given for 4 weeks. rHuEPO is given as 150u/kg,subcutaneously, three times a week. Blood routine check up is done in every week and iron is prescribed after 2 weeks.
Result: After 4 weeks of treatment, patients were evaluated for drugs effectiveness in both groups; total effectiveness were 58.34% and 20% respectively, P >0.05; after 4 weeks of treatment, there was distinct statistical significance. Comparing with pretreatment level, Treatment group has remarkable rise in Hb after 4 weeks (81.29±9.85)对(65.75±12.37),(P<0.01, whereas control group has not distinct change in Hb level(86.95±11.61)对(84.30±16.25),(P>0.05.
Conclusion: Hb is significantly increased after the use of rHuEPO and side effects were less with well tolerances.


Fire whirls (FW) are whirling, turbulent, cylindrical yellow (sooting) flames that form naturally in wildfires. In contrast, the blue whirl (BW) is a laminar, blue (non-sooting) flame with an inverted conical shape, that forms at much smaller scales. The relative influence of circulation and buoyancy on the transition between these regimes is investigated with a scaling analysis. We find that FWs are generally formed in a buoyancy-dominated regime, and BWs in a circulation-dominated one. Our results support a previously suggested theory that the transition from a FW to a BW is enabled by the formation of the bubble mode of vortex breakdown.


The research paper analyzes the relationship between stylistic peculiarities and innovative solutions of public buildings of Kyiv in the 1960's-1980's with similar buildings of the 20's and 30's; parallels of the development of the mentioned chronological periods are drawn, and the hypothesis of combining both periods in one genesis with the possibility of its further development is proved. The systematization and analysis of individual works of constructivism is carried out in chronological order, socio-economic factors that contributed to the emergence of fundamentally new architectural tendencies are considered. The research paper points out the difference between constructivism and foreign trends similar with their pragmatism. The architecture of public buildings in Kyiv of the 1960's – 1980's actively absorbed the best ideas of heritage of the 20's-30's, while enriching the architectural science with a large number of new ideas that greatly exceeded the possibility of their realization. Unlike the previous period, the architects of the 60's had little knowledge of the work of their foreign colleagues, while their works were quite competitive at the world level, which confirms the uniqueness of domestic modernism. The research paper pays due attention to author's works. Many of the iconic public buildings of the 1960's – 1980's remain the masterpieces of architectural art due to the personal qualities of their authors. In addition to the common stylistic features, each author's work has its own unique details, which together complement the treasury of domestic architecture. To date, the legacy of the Soviet avant-garde is widely recognized abroad. Its unrealized ideas are actively used by architects around the world, but still remain forgotten in their homeland. In this study, both chronological periods are united into one genesis as a proof of the sustainability of the style that has been improved over the years; and the assumption of its continuation after the overcoming of crisis phenomena is expressed, which is typical of stylistic development. However, today, the legacy of the Soviet avant-garde needs careful research to save it for future generations, which is the main task of this research paper. Keywords: constructivism, public buildings, stylistic features, functionalism, avant-garde modernism, industrial construction, innovations.


On 2 March 2010, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on the European Commission's 2008 Report on Competition Policy. In its resolution the Parliament welcomes the publication of the…


The feature size of integrated circuit devices continues to decrease. And with the development of metal interconnection technology, metal wire constantly changes to thin and thin such that metal resistance increase, current density rise and the heat generated augment. For these reasons the integrated circuit reliability about electro-migration (EM) declines which is a serious threat to IC's performance and life. In this paper, the mechanism of electro-migration failure mechanism and the failure mechanism model are analyzed firstly. And an integrated circuit electro-migration failure test piece with independent pad is designed to ensure the accuracy of the test results. In spite of this, the electro-migration failure test of the integrated circuit is carried out. And based on the test data, the integrated circuit electro-migration failure activation energy, electro-migration failure universal model parameters were identified and amended.


This paper addresses modeling and optimization of loading path in T-shape hydroforming of tubes using analysis of variance technique and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm. A set of experimental data has been used to assess the influence of loading process parameters in hydro-formed geometry. The process variables considered here include the yielding and expanding internal pressures and their required times, the calibration pressure, the axial and counter punches movements. The process output characteristics include thickness and height of protrusion. The Taguchi method and regression modeling are used in order to establish the relationships between the input and output parameters. Thirty two different cases for different loading paths are designed. The Abaqus/Explicit is used to calculate the minimum thickness and maximum height of protrusion. The adequacy of the model is evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. The proposed model is embedded into a Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm to optimize the loading process parameters and to find the best input variables. Computational results prove the effectiveness of the proposed model and optimization procedure.


We define the A-semi-k-free integers as a common generalization of the k-free integers (i.e. integers not divisible by the k-th power of any prime) and of the semi-k-free integers (i.e. integers not divisible unitarily by the k-th power of any prime) in terms of Narkiewicz's regular A-convolutions. We establish asymptotic formulae for the number of A-semi-l-free integers £x with and without assuming the Riemann hypothesis if A is a cross-convolution, investigated in our previous papers.


A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Humanities in fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree of
Master of Arts in the subject Social Wok at the University of the Witwatersrand
May 1991.


The human rights understood in the sense of fundamental inalienable rights are therefore considered as universal – they apply to everything and egalitarian – they are the same for all and they may exist in two ways: as natural or legal rights, both in the national and international legislation. The human rights doctrine in the international practice within the international law, the global and regional institutions, in the state policies and the activities of non-governmental organizations was a corner stone of public policies from all over the world regardless of peoples' cultures. At world level, cultural diversity which should manage the ethnic-cultural communities living on the territory of a state often contributes, in fact, to the separation and not to the reunion of peoples, the ideological and political factors acting rather as division factors whereas the affective spiritual connection exists only between the states having deep similarities. For this purpose, serving justice having as a goal the preservation of human rights is also affected since it relies on the social feelings of humanity.


The invention discloses an insecticidal composition containing methoxyfenozide and flubendiamide. The insecticidal composition comprises a first active ingredient methoxyfenozide, a second active ingredient flubendiamide and common auxiliary components, wherein the weight ratio of methoxyfenozide to flubendiamide in the insecticidal composition is (30:1)-(1:30). A large number of indoor and outdoor tests indicate that the insecticidal composition has an obvious synergistic effect and realizes a relatively good prevention effect on the lepidoptera pests on crops such as rice-stem borer, tryporyza incertulas, rice leaf roller, cotton bollworm, apple skin worm, vegetable prodenia litura, beet armyworm, plutella xylostella, cabbage caterpillar and the like; meanwhile, in practical application, the application amount of pesticides is reduced, pesticide residues on the crops are lowered, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the generation of drug resistance of the pests is delayed.


In recent years, quite a few production safety accidents caused by hazardous gas leakage occurred in the petrochemical industry, which has caused great potential safety hazards and huge economic losses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop gas sensors with high sensitivity and accurate identification. Semiconductor gas sensor, which has the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response and high integration, is one of the most popular types in the sensing field. However, semiconductor gas sensors have low specificity to reducing gases (such as H2S, CO, H2, etc.), and it is difficult to accurately achieve mixed-gas identification with a single sensor. With the development of MEMS (Micro-electromechanical Systems), the size of semiconductor sensors can be reduced to millimeters with high integration. In order to solve the cross-sensitivity problem, the concept of sensor array was proposed and widely studied. Principal component analysis can select the most characteristic information in the acquired data while preserving the original data information as much as possible, and project them onto the new orthogonal vector by linear transformation. This method can maximize data dispersion and minimize information loss after dimensionality reduction. Therefore, it is an effective way to identify the gas species by combining sensor array.In this study, we synthesized four types tungsten trioxide sensing materials with different morphology or composition by hydrothermal method. Sensor array was fabricated by MEMS-based nano sensors. The gas sensitivity of four single gas (H2S, CO, H2, NH3) and their mixed gas was measured by sensor array, which can acquire four groups of data at the same time. We found that compared with single sensor, the sensor array has different response to pure and mixed gas, which is the basis for gas identification. Furthermore, we used principal component analysis method to process the responses of sensor array, the results show that different gases will occupy different areas in the diagram for pure gas, and show certain directionality according to different concentration distribution. By determining the position of the detected gas, the composition and concentration of the measured gas can be inferred. When mixed gas is involved in, the distribution of single gas shows the same tendency. And the points of mixed gas always occupy the area between the fan formed by the two gas components and each region remains independent. Therefore, this method can also identify the composition and concentration of mixed gas. These results prove that nano sensor array can provides direction and guidance for semiconductor sensor to identify the gas species and concentration.


Identifying traffic anomalies precisely and instantaneously is critical to network stability. Most studies have focused on analyzing unwanted traffic from a Darknet system. However, conventional methods of detecting anomalous activities from these data are not applicable to detection. We apply discrete wavelet transform (DWT) techniques for traffic signal decomposition and examine unknown anomalous activities from unwanted traffic data. Our work focuses on three unwanted traffic packets: TCP SYNs, TCP SYN/ACKs, and UDP packets and on three intervals: 10-ms, 100-ms and 1-s. Furthermore, we discuss the features of this approach and consider some of its possible realizations. Our goal is to reveal properties when wavelet techniques are used to detect network anormalies behavior.


3,4-Dihydrocoumarin derivatives were synthesized in a highly enantioselective manner from 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutanones through enantioselective carbon−carbon bond cleavage. A cascade reaction with electron-deficient alkenes introduced a carbon−carbon bond at the 5-position of the dihydrocoumarins.


Nationality is the basis on which to distinguish nationals from foreigners. Thus, nationality is the basis upon which individuals are protected from dangers, as well as their enjoyment of rights and privileges. In the past, nationality was considered an eternal bond between the individual and the state, but this principle has ceased to exist. The principle of the individual's ability to change his nationality and acquire the nationality of another country in order to obtain a better life than the country in which he enjoyed his original nationality appeared. Migrants in countries of destination due to strict international measures taken in this regard.


INTRODUCTION: A significant benefit from physical activity has recently been described in some patients who suffer from neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of physical activity on neuropsychiatric disturbances in demented patients and on the mental burden of their caregivers. METHODS: Assisted by a public geriatric psychiatry clinical unit, we studied 59 patients with dementia. Patients were divided into three groups according to their diagnosis and level of physical activity. Data were assessed through a semi-structured interview. Patients were evaluated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire and the Baecke Questionnaire. The data were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and linear regression, with the level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS: Patients with Alzheimer's or vascular dementia who engaged in physical activity had fewer neuropsychiatric symptoms than those who did not. When compared to the control group, the caregivers of patients with vascular dementia who engaged in physical activity had a reduced burden. CONCLUSION: The regular practice of physical activity seems to contribute to a reduction in neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia patients and to attenuate the burden of the caregivers of those patients.


The basic principle of the online leak sealing technology was briefly described,two basic functions and eight design criteria of flange clamps for pressure equipment.The thickness calculation formula of local flange clamps were proposed based on the torque theory of the bent beam.Local flange clamps design steps of the online leak sealing for pressure equipment: surveying leaking media;surveying leaking flange;local flange clamp structural design and enhance sealing structure design,thickness design and clamp materials selection are discussed.


According to the DNA sequence of the F1L gene which was stored in GenBank.the authors designed one pair of primers to amplify F1L gene of JLSY04 by PCR.The amplified positive production was sequenced and the sequence of it was compared with the sequences of several reference strains domestic-isolated.The results show that JLSY04 stain and OV/Torino strain show the lowest homology of 96.0%with respect to F1L gene,and the highest homology of Jilin strain was up to 99.4%.There was little difference of F1L gene between JLSY04 strain and each of other reference strains isolated from different species and different areas in China.The analysis result of homology suggests that the F1L gene can be used as the target genes of the genetically engineered vaccine.


This document is a summary of the work performed in 1993 by the Contamination Free Manufacturing (CFM) Research Center to develop standard, high sensitivity (less than 1 ppm) techniques to detect outgassing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from polymers typically used to construct microenvironments. These tests provide standard testing methods for making relative judgments on the outgassing threat of polymeric materials. The tests may be proposed as a SEMASPEC standard. Results from using thermal desorption with cryofocussing collection, gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy (TD/GC/MS) and thermal desorption with Flame Ionization Detection (TD/FID) techniques to evaluate VOCs from polycarbonate materials are reported. A brief review of the literature on the cleanroom sources of VOCs and their impact is also provided.


The use of spiral conveyors is a comparatively new and progressive solution in transportation of mixed feed. The article contains theoretical calculation of the conveyor working efficiency, and the results of laboratory studies where the bench-mark data necessary for the constructive calculation are defined and the correspondence examination of theoretical objectives of the conveyor performance is performed.


Image compression is often approached from an angle of statistical image classification. For instance, VQ-based image coding methods compress image data by classifying image blocks into representative two-dimensional patterns (codewords) that statistically approximate the original data. Another image compression approach that naturally relates to image classification is segmentation-based image coding (SIC). In SIC, we classify pixels into segments of certain uniformity or similarity, and then encode the segmentation geometry and the attributes of the segments. Image segmentation in SIC has to meet some more stringent requirements than in other applications such as computer vision and pattern recognition. An efficient SIC coder has to strike a good balance between accurate semantics and succinct syntax of the segmentation. From a pure classification point of view, free form segmentation by relaxation, region-growing, or split-and-merge techniques offers an accurate boundary representation. But the resulting segmentation geometry is often too complex to have a compact description, defeating the purpose of image compression. Instead, we adopt a bintree-structured segmentation scheme. The bintree is a binary tree created by recursive rectilinear bipartition of an image.


A design-type experimental device based on PIC single-chip was manufactured.The hardware configuration of the experimental device is made up of functional modules;the relative components used in the modules were introduced.The basic experiments structure and full procedure of the design experiments were given.


We have tried modification ofYleP 12 nanoparticle films in high-density RF plasmas sustained at high operating gas pressure. Experiments for pure Ar plasma showed phase separation which occurred by oxygen deficiency and no phase transformation to YIQ Modification by adding Ar gas to oxygen gas results in significant structure change. These results suggest that the plasma sustained for Ar+O, mixture gas have enough enthalpy for phase transformation. The addition of oxygen in Ar phismas is effective for suppression of phase separation and enhancement of phase transformation to YlG Rate of phase transformation in high-density plasma is fast com pared to that in conventional annealing using electric furnace which requires for 30 m in at 900 °C to transform to YIG. significant structure change. These results suggest that the plasma sustained for Ar+O, mixture gas have enough enthalpy for phase transformation. The addition of oxygen in Ar plasmas is effective for suppression of phase separation and enhancement of phase transtormation to YIG. Rate of phase transformation in high-density plasma is fast compared to that in conventional annealing using electric furnace which requires for 30 min at 900 °C to transform to YIG.


Subjectivity and identity are newly configured within cyberspace and technologically mediated environments. The global musical subject is thus defined and framed within global empires and techno‐culture in ways not unrelated to political interests. 'Being musical' becomes a critical issue. The New Zealand music curriculum resonates with reflections of global 'progress', and music educators, as cultural workers, therefore require an awareness of political and strategic conceptions of musical knowledge as well as a familiarity with the discourses through which the work of music education is enframed. Where technology enters hegemonic discourses of musical knowledge, the relationship between global communication and technology requires interrogation, and unquestioned past and present curriculum 'certainties' come under scrutiny.


Tyco Electronics manufactures digital wireless radios for Police, Fire, and Emergency Medical Service Departments as well as commercial users such as utility providers. Tyco has noticed customers struggling with the complexity of the new radios. This project required our team to build a radio configuration help site for Tyco passing on experiential knowledge and practical tips. Finding the most effective way to convey this information, both functionally and visually, was vital to the project's success. Initial test results proved the site to be navigable and usable. We also address recommendations for future work at the end of this document.


In May 2010, the Secretary of Homeland Security established a Policy for Integrated Risk Management (IRM). Central to this policy is the premise that security partners can most effectively manage risk by working together, and that management capabilities must be built, sustained, and integrated with Federal, state, local, tribal, territorial, nongovernmental, and private sector homeland security partners. While successful integration requires implementation across the entire homeland security enterprise, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) plays an essential role in leading the unified effort to manage risks to the Nation from a diverse and complex set of hazards, including acts of terrorism, natural and manmade disasters, pandemics, cyber attacks, and transnational crime. An essential first step in the integration of risk management is the establishment of doctrine and guidance. Risk Management Fundamentals is the first in a series of publications that will provide a structured approach for the distribution and employment of risk information and analysis efforts across the Department. While this is the capstone publication for homeland security risk management, implementation of risk management requires the combined efforts of Components to tailor and implement key risk management methods and practices. Homeland security risk management is on a positive trajectory and this publication will further enable DHS to mature and strengthen its capabilities to address homeland security risks. The key objectives of this publication are to promote a common understanding of and approach to risk management for homeland security; establish a common foundation that enables consistent risk management application and training; and support the development of a risk management culture and philosophy across DHS. Risk Management Fundamentals establishes doctrine for DHS, although concepts within the doctrine may be a useful guide to our Federal interagency partners, state and local agencies, as well as the larger homeland security community. Risk Management Fundamentals, produced by the Office of Risk Management and Analysis, in coordination with the Office of Policy, has been vetted and approved by the DHS Risk Steering Committee, a governing body of which I serve as the Chairman. Pursuant to the authority vested in the Under Secretary for the National Protection and Programs Directorate by the Secretary of Homeland Security in Delegation Number 17001 to lead the Department's efforts to establish a common framework to address the overall management and analysis of homeland security risk, this publication is hereby recognized and approved for official use until revised or superseded. This doctrine, …


Future missions of gravitational-wave astronomy will be operated by space-based interferometers, covering very wide range of frequency. Search for stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (GWBs) is one of the main targets for such missions, and we here discuss the prospects for direct measurement of isotropic and anisotropic components of (primordial) GWBs around the frequency 0.1-10 Hz. After extending the theoretical basis for correlation analysis, we evaluate the sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio for the proposed future space interferometer missions, like Big-Bang Observer (BBO), Deci-Hertz Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observer (DECIGO) and recently proposed Fabry-Perot type DECIGO. The astrophysical foregrounds which are expected at low frequency may be a big obstacle and significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of GWBs. As a result, minimum detectable amplitude may reach h^2 \ogw = 10^{-15} \sim 10^{-16}, as long as foreground point sources are properly subtracted. Based on correlation analysis, we also discuss measurement of anisotropies of GWBs. As an example, the sensitivity level required for detecting the dipole moment of GWB induced by the proper motion of our local system is closely examined.


PURPOSE
To our knowledge, there has been no report of ophthalmologic findings related with a duplicated abducens nerve in the ophthalmic literature. This study reports such findings.

METHODS
An ophthalmologic examination was performed in one patient with a duplicated abducens nerve, revealed with thin-sectioned magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) across the brainstem level.

RESULTS
The MRI disclosed a duplicated left abducens nerve. The patient was orthotropic in five cardinal positions, and her ductions and versions were full.

CONCLUSIONS
One patient with a duplicated abducens nerve showed orthotropia and normal ocular movement.


Frusemide in doses up to 2000 mg per day orally has proved a useful adjuvant therapy for resistant hypertension in patients with chronic renal failure, A worth-while diuresis is uncommon if the creatinine clearance is below 2 ml per minute but a useful, though often temporary, effect is obtained in the range 2 to 4 ml/min. Above this level of renal function the extent of the diuresis is not reliably predictable from the creatinine clearance but must be found individually for each patient. The dose should be increased with particular caution in patients with chronic pyelonephritis and a creatinine clearance above 10 ml per minute. Side-effects, other than those of excessive diuresis, have been uncommon. Hypokalaemia is readily prevented by the administration of potassium supplements and spironolactone. A rise in plasma urate is common but not usually dramatic and it has not precipitated secondary gout in our experience to date.


Oxygen-deficient BaTiO3-δ exhibits an insulator-metal transition with increasing δ. We performed neutron total scattering measurements to study structural evolution across an insulator-metal transition in BaTiO3-δ. Despite its significant impact on resistivity, slight oxygen reduction (δ=0.09) caused only a small disturbance on the local doublet splitting of Ti-O bond. This finding implies that local polarization is well preserved under marginal electric conduction. In the highly oxygen-deficient metallic state (δ=0.25), however, doublet splitting of the Ti-O bond became smeared. The smearing of the local Ti-O doublet is complemented with long-range structural analysis and demonstrates that the metallic conduction in the highly oxygen-reduced BaTiO3-δ is due to the appearance of nonferroelectric cubic lattice.


THE STANDARDIZATION INTRODUCED BY THE FEDERAL GERMAN MINISTRY FOR TRANSPORT IN 1966 FOR THE FULL DEPTH CONSTRUCTION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO A CRITICAL EXAMINATION ON THE BASIS OF THE MOST RECENT SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE. THE RESULTS OF THE TESTS ON THE DEUTSCHE SHELL AG TEST RIG AND THE TEST STRETCH OF THE HILPOLTSTEIN EXPERIMENTAL ROAD OF THE FORSCHUNGSGESELLSCHAFT FUR DAS STRASSENWESEN ARE PRESENTED. THE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL COMPRESSIVE STRESSES MEASURED ON THE TEST RIG VINDICATED THE DESIGN METHODS. AT HILPOLTSTEIN, OVER A FOUR YEAR PERIOD, THE BEHAVIOUR OF TWO TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS TAKEN FROM THE STANDARDIZATION TABLES WAS OBSERVED UNDER MEDIUM TRAFFIC. THE TEST ROAD WAS TO HAVE BEEN DISMANTLED IN 1975 IN ORDER TO STUDY THE CRACKS AND THE COMPOSITE BEHAVIOUR. PREVIOUS EVIDENCE LEADS TO THE CONCLUSION THAT BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS BUILT ACCORDING TO THE STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS DISPLAY DEFINITE RESERVES. THE EFFECT OF AN ADDITIONAL 3.57 CM THICK GUSSASPHALT LAYER ON OLD ASPHALT SURFACINGS WITH A FROST BLANKET IS ALSO REPORTED. THE IMPROVEMENT IN STRENGTH IS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN THE PROPORTION OF NEW MATERIAL IN THE TOTAL DEPTH WOULD LEAD ONE TO BELIEVE. BY MEANS OF STAGE CONSTRUCTION WHERE THE ROAD BASE HAS BEEN TIGHTLY DESIGNED, A SUBSEQUENT STRENGTHENING OF THE SURFACING CAN MAINTAIN THE LOAD BEARING CAPACITY OF THE ROAD.


Inherent uncertainty causes dynamic response of apparent identical structures to differ. In industrial applications discrepancies have been demonstrated for automotive vehicles. The solution is to evaluate design robustness and worst-case response, which demands that modeling and data uncertainties are incorporated. The emphasize of this thesis is on simple dynamic systems exposed to different amounts of global and local endogenous uncertainty. To investigate structural uncertainty a traveling wave model was developed. Subsystems, were steady-state longitudinal motion occur, are modeled as piecewise homogeneous beams. Material, geometrical and boundary properties were assigned by statistical distributions or stochastic processes. Especially, Markov jump processes were used to generate local perturbations and an uniform distribution was used to generate global properties. Subsystem couplings were modeled by a spring impedance. The results show that global uncertainty causes shifting and scaling of individual modes which impact the low-frequency response, the observed effects conform to response changes of a mass-spring system for the fundamental resonance in a homogeneous longitudinal rod. As the wavelength shortens phenomena related to local uncertainty, which is primarily due to partition impedance mismatch, are pronounced. Consequently; response discrepancies at high-frequencies compared to the nominal behavior is observed. A hypothesis is that localization and nonsinusoidal mode shapes can explain these results; however confirmation of this hypothesis demands further work, and is beyond the scope of this work. Effects of varies kind and magnitude of uncertainty have been demonstrated. The model indicate that material and geometrical endogenous uncertainty has a large influence on overall system response.


To improve the accuracy of diagnosing esophageal varices on x-ray,studies were conducted using various contrast media,drugs for premedication,positions of the body,and roentgenographic techniques. Based on the data,a barium sulfate of 180w/v%with a viscosity of1,650 cPoise at 25•Ž was most suitable as the contrast medium. Of the drugs used for premedication,hyoscine-N-butyl bromide(40mg,intravenous injection) significantly enhanced roentgenologic visualization of esophageal varices by inhibiting esophageal


In today's world, we are facing the environment with continuously changing rules for living, in which the conventional traditions and habits are shocked and destabilized by new variations. News reporters have to deal with the rapidly changing working environment on the one part, competitions from print media, electronic media and Internet media, and the pressure of quickly covering new events, on the other part, the overloaded tasks and highly pressured working ecology are challenging the ability of reporters in dealing with adversity. This research attempts to construct an appropriate model for measuring the adversity quotient for domestic news reporters. Through literature review, focus group interview and conducting AHP hierarchical analysis by delivering questionnaires to eight scholars, mass media directors and experts, this research calculated the factorial weights in each hierarchical level through antithetic evaluation. After arrangement of the result of questionnaires, this research constructed a measuring model of adversity quotient for domestic news reporters. The measuring model in this research consists of four dimensions of "Control", "Origin / Ownership", "Reach" and "Endurance", and this research discussed 20 questions under these four dimensions. The main results discovered include: The order of importance of evaluating dimensions ranked by the professionals was "control", "Origin / Ownership", "Reach" and "Endurance." However the results from questionnaire survey with samples of news reporters, they considered the order of anti-adversity ability was "Reach", "Endurance", "control" and "Origin / Ownership ". There exists significant difference between importance of dimension and practical implementation. Construct a formula of calculating the weighted-average model for evaluating the news reporters through questionnaires from professionals and empirical samples and the weights of adversity quotients. This research constructs a measuring model of adversity quotient, which provide a complete and strict analysis model as reference for future researchers in theoretical research and the mass media practitioners in practice.


As the practice of ophthalmology continues to evolve, it is important for physicians to remain up to date with the latest advances and discoveries in ways to preserve and protect their patients' vision.


We study the properties of three families of exponential Riordan arrays related to the Stirling numbers of the first and second kind. We relate these exponential Riordan arrays to the coefficients of families of orthogonal polynomials. We calculate the Hankel transforms of the moments of these orthogonal polynomials. We show that the Jacobi coefficients of two of the matrices studied satisfy generalized Toda chain equations. We finish by defining and characterizing the elements of an exponential Riordan array associated to generalized Stirling numbers studied by Lang.


The future applications for multi-agent systems abound given the ever decreasing cost associated with the technology. However, making use of such multi-agent systems, including multirobot systems, is still a challenge. Most historical robotic control paradigms depended on preplanned movements or having one or more humans in direct control of each robot. These approaches are inefficient in managing available resources and do not adapt well to changes in the environment or missions. The Group Autonomy for Mobile Systems (GAMS) middleware seeks to address the software development problem in distributed collaborative autonomous systems. The GAMS project facilitates multi-agent collaboration through a focus on extensible platforms and algorithms, object-oriented interfaces to shared knowledge in the multi-agent system, and seamless, non-blocking communication between peers. Available mechanisms for incorporating new platforms and algorithms into the GAMS system are presented.


The main objectives of this research are, on the hand, to verify by measuring students ́ attitudes and motivations if gender differences occur towards physics, and on the other hand, to check if an instruction of physics affects in the same way to men and women. The sample is constituted by high school students and students in the first year of engineering that have studied necessarily a physics course during the 2013/2014 school year. Analyzing the results of those 772 students it has been concluded that gender differences are significant at high school where the motivation of female students is especially negative after the instruction. Only one in five students is woman at university, where on the contrary differences between genders are not so significant. In both stages, however, instruction affects more positively to men in their image and interest towards physics and its learning. Key-Words: Physics Education, Attitude, Motivation, Gender, Instruction.


Land Ownership and Land Use Development : The Integration of Past, Present, and Future in Spatial Planning and Land Management Policies


Beginning from pre-arcing between the electrodes during breaker making the short-circuit process, this physical process is discussed. The trigger characteristics of triggered spark gaps and of triggered vacuum switch are compared, and a synthetic making circuit at full-rated voltage is presented. The control of the phase of applied voltage, and the demand of the phase difference between applied voltage and making current in synthetic making test under full-rated voltage an- provided. The strategy and the main factors effecting controlling accuracy are also analyzed.


Constitutive models for describing damage evolution in ductile materials have found increasing application, mainly the micromechanical model by Gurson, Tvergaard and Needleman, and a continuum damage mechanics approach by Rousselier. Both models modify the von Mises yield potential by incorporating the effects of the hydrostatic stress and damage. The latter is introduced by means of a single scalar damage quantity, the porosity or void volume fraction, which acts as an internal variable aditionally to the plastic equivalent strain. Several examples for the capabilities of these models beyond common applications are given. In particular, their ability to represent cup-cone fracture of round bars and shear fracture of plane strain specimens as well as their behaviour under cyclic loading are studied.


DL-Penicillamine administered in the diet at the 0.25% level produced a marked lowering of food intake and body weight. Using blood transaminase activities as criteria, a definite antagonism to vitamin B6 was demonstrated. The response of animals to the drug did not differ between sexes. Transaminase activity changes were apparent within 13 days of treatment. They were not the result of a reduced food intake. Administration of 800 μg of pyridoxine hydrochloride per 10 g of diet to animals receiving penicillamine approximated the maximal prevention of the effects of the drug upon food intake, body weight, and transaminase activity. The effects were not completely prevented by dosages of vitamin B6 as high as 2000 μg per 10 g of diet. Attention is drawn to the possible significance of these studies in the treatment of patients (Wilson's disease) with penicillamine. On the basis of extrapolations from the present studies in rats, 50 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride might be expected to give near-maximal protec...


The World Ocean Museum has opened an exhibition dedicated to the famous circumnavigation of the world by Captain V.M. Golovnin on the sloop Kamchatka in 1817-1819, the results of which were reflected in a series of watercolor drawings by the artist M.T. Tikhanov (1789-1862). The unique heritage of the master, preserved by the Museum of the Russian Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg, is the most valuable artistic and documentary material, telling about the discoveries of the Russian navigators, which are still significant in terms of science and fine arts. The joint project of the Museum of the Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg and the World Ocean Museum in Kaliningrad made it possible to rediscover the masterpieces of M.T. Tikhanov, who, unfortunately, is still little known to the general public.


This work aims to evaluate the technical and economic changes of the requirements for compliance with the new regulation to residential buildings (REH) and in another phase getting energy label A +. For this, we considered a case study in 7 different geographic specific locations of the country. A first step it was proposed a tangential regulatory compliance by RCCTE, incorporate the constructive characteristics of the new regulation (REH) and if it fails to comply, study the set of constructive solutions to the fraction that meets the REH. In second phase, carried out to obtain the energy class A + by RCCTE and goes to meet the methodology of analysis in the first step, ie, we consider the characteristics of building A + by RCCTE and apply to REH. If not check the same classification, aiming for a set of constructive solutions to achieve this. The results showed that in some cases the characteristics that complied before the RCCTE not meet the REH, but it achieves compliance with relative ease, changing only slightly the glazing. When tried to obtaining the top energy label (A +) RCCTE for the passage of the REH is not possible in any of the areas getting higher class without performing constructive modifications. The economic analysis it is concluded that to obtain approval, only needs to change glazed areas, but with a little cost. Already in looking for to obtain class A+, denotes that the route that most lacks is a mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery in conjunction with a heat pump of high efficiency that feeds the needs of heating, cooling and DHW. Avaliacao tecnico-economica da alteracao dos requisitos para cumprimento da regulamentacao de desempenho energetico de edificios de habitacao: REH 2013 vs RCCTE 2006


Large magnetic fields can be trapped in high temperature superconductor material, enabling their use as permanent magnets in various applications. It has, however, been observed that these materials experience a decay in magnetisation when a field is applied in a direction transverse to the trapped field. This paper presents the results of critical state modelling of an infinite slab of superconductor that is first fully magnetised and then exposed to magnetic field in the transverse direction. The bean and double critical state model are implemented and the results compared to each other and to that of physical experiment. The convergence of the decay is investigated as well as the effect of the magnitude of the crossed field on the final decay value. Diamagnetic and paramagnetic initial conditions are applied to the material and the results used to compare the accuracy of the bean and double critical state model.


The invention discloses a wet metallurgical method for spessartite mineral. Manganese in the spessartite mineral which cannot be treated by the conventional wet process is leached by adopting a wet metallurgical technology and separated from other components in the mineral. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) crushing the mineral and grinding to the fineness of less than 100 meshes; (2) adding water into the powdered mineral to form slurry, wherein the weight of the added water is 3 to 7 times weight of the mineral; (3) adding sulfuric acid into the slurry to regulate the aid concentration of the slurry to be 20-200g/L; (4) heating the slurry, preserving the heat and leaching; and (5) performing liquid-solid separation, and thus obtaining manganese-containing leachate. The method has the advantages that the manganese in the spessartite mineral can be directly leached, the utilization rate of manganese ore resources is improved, and the raw material category of the wet metallurgical manganese ore is enlarged; and leaching of the spessartite mineral and recovery of the manganese in the spessartite mineral are realized. The method has the advantages of advanced technology, convenience in operation, high utilization rate of resources, high manganese leaching rate, short working time, short process flow, high labor productivity and environment friendliness.


PURPOSE
To analyze the vertical dimension of subsinus alveolar bone that is available for placement of endosseous implants.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subsinus alveolar bone height (SBH) was determined via radiographs and categorized into three groups: Group A corresponded to SBH < 5 mm; group B SBH of 5 to 9 mm; and group C, SBH > 9 mm. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon paired test with the threshold for statistical significance set at P < .05.

RESULTS
Five hundred eighty-three panoramic radiographs of edentulous maxillae were analyzed. In 96.9% of radiographs, the anterior border of the maxillary sinus was above the first premolar. Mean SBH values for canine, first premolar, second premolar, first molar, and second molar sites were 11.4 ± 6.2 mm, 10.6 ± 3.8 mm, 5.9 ± 2.5 mm, 3.3 ± 2.2 mm, and 4.5 ± 2.4 mm, respectively. Representations of groups A, B, and C in the canine region were 14.3%, 21.4%, and 64.3%, respectively; in the first premolar region they were 8.3%, 22.3%, and 69.4%, respectively; in the second premolar region, these were 31.6%, 60.9%, and 7.5%, respectively; in first molar region, the values were 73.1%, 25.4%, and 1.5%, respectively; and in the second molar region they were 54.2%, 41.7%, and 4.1%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The mean SBH is the highest in the area of the anterior border of the sinus; it declines significantly toward the posterior maxilla, reaches its minimum in the area of the first molar, and increases again significantly in the second molar region. From a clinical point of view, the lateral window technique of sinus elevation remains the dominant augmentative procedure in the molar area, whereas in the premolar area, less invasive alternative methods may be more appropriate.


To explore an appropriate management for Paget's disease of the breast through analyzing the clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment.Mammary Paget's disease is a rare skin epithelial neoplasm.Because lack of clinician awareness of the disease,often caused by misdiagnosis, wrong treatment.In recent years,with the depth of its pathogenesis,the corresponding diagnosis, treatment,research has also made great progress.As a special type of breast cancer,Paget's disease has the features of low morbidity,higher misdiagnosis and longer survival with early diagnosis and proper treatment.


Energy efficiency of server farms is an important design consideration of the green datacenter initiative. One effective approach is to optimize power consumption of server farms by controlling the carried load on the networked servers. In this paper, we propose a robust heuristic policy called E* for stochastic job assignment in a server farm, aiming to improve the energy efficiency by maximizing the ratio of job throughput to power consumption. Our model of the server farm considers a parallel system of finite-buffer processor-sharing queues with heterogeneous server speeds and energy consumption rates. We devise E* as an insensitive policy so that the stationary distribution of the number of jobs in the system depends on the job size distribution only through its mean. We provide a rigorous analysis of E* and compare it with a baseline approach, known as most energy-efficient server first (MEESF), that greedily chooses the most energy-efficient servers for job assignment. We show that E* has always a higher job throughput than that of MEESF, and derive realistic conditions under which E* is guaranteed to outperform MEESF in energy efficiency. Extensive numerical results are presented and demonstrate that E* can improve the energy efficiency by up to 100%.


For a human being deprived of freedom, prison isolation can be a source of frustration. However, the needs of the elderly due to specific conditioning connected with the aging process make their adaptation to prison conditions more complicated. The article concerns specific problems of seniors in custody in penitentiary units with reference to theoretical and practical aspects of pedagogy of senescence and resocialization geragogy. The main subject of interest of pedagogy of senescence is upbringing of an elderly person, understood as supporting their development (physical, mental, social, cultural, spiritual). Resocialization geragogy draws attention to the need to allow for psychophysical conditions of seniors, reinforcing their sense of dignity and relevance of subjecting them to supportive influence aiming at growing their awareness that senility is a good time to acquire knowledge, skills and create habits, attitudes and behaviors.


This study examined the effects of different dynamic stretching (DS) amplitudes on joint range of motion (ROM), passive torque (PT), and subjective fatigue. Twelve healthy subjects (age [mean ± SD] = 19.3 ± 1.0 years) underwent three experimental trials: DS at maximal active ankle plantarflexion-dorsiflexion ROM (DS100), DS at 80% maximal active ROM (DS80), or control. Ankle angle and PT were measured before and after DS with the ankle passively dorsiflexed at 1º/s to its maximal ROM. DS consisted of four sets of 30 s of ankle plantarflexion-dorsiflexion at 100 beats/min while standing. Subjective fatigue during DS was measured using the visual-analogue scale. Maximal ankle dorsiflexion angle was significantly increased after DS100 (20.6 ± 3.5º to 23.8 ± 3.8º, P < 0.05); no changes were seen after DS80/ control. Subjective fatigue was significantly greater at two (2.6 ± 0.7 mm vs 1.2 ± 0.3 mm), three (3.7 ± 0.9 mm vs 1.3 ± 0.3 mm), and four (5.2 ± 0.9 mm vs 1.6 ± 0.3 mm) sets of DS100 than with DS80 ( P < 0.05). PT at maximal dorsiflexion increased from before to after stretching (DS100: 26.3 ± 3.2 Nm to 30.4 ± 3.4 Nm, DS80: 28.8 ± 3.0 Nm to 31.0 ± 3.3 Nm, Control: 26.6 ± 2.8 Nm to 29.1 ± 3.5 Nm, P < 0.05), although there were no significant differences among trials. These results indicated that greater active ROM during DS is important for in-creasing joint ROM, although DS with greater active ROM induces greater subjective fatigue.


The objective of this paper is to share current operational challenges concerning Oil and Gas (O&G) operators, and to suggest certain solutions/applications from the IR4.0 technology toolbox. Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality (AR/VR) will be discussed to address the operational challenges detailed in this paper, while simultaneously showing how AR/VR can be leveraged to speed up knowledge transfer process, especially at the current alarming rates of attritions.
 The proposed approach is to first provide clear and concise explanation of the current challenges from an O&G operational point of view. Next, AR/VR will be explained and clearly defined to show its general benefits, before zooming in to innovate, and capitalize on specific features to address the challenges at hand. AR/VR can play a key role in managing other installed technologies (i.e. artificial intelligence, mobility, etc.) to transfer essential data to proper personnel at the right time and location. In other words, AR/VR can link up to all other applications and create one central hub to organize, streamline, and create actionable data in any facility. While showing the operational benefits, AR/VR will also be discussed to show how it can speed up knowledge transfer and reduce training costs, especially when software developers work together with O&G technologists to create meaningful product, rather than a generic one that truly serves no one.
 The result is showing that AR/VR can clearly solve and enhance O&G operations by delivering important prescriptive messages with knowledge-based actions to concerned parties at the proper location, so they can take timely, proactive actions. Simultaneously, acting ahead of time translates into reduced plant upsets, while increasing safety and well-being of all plant personnel.
 Most O&G companies employ stat-of-the-art technologies to address challenges affecting various parts of their operating facilities. Integrating these technologies and allowing operators to organize and strategize where and how to start, and showing potential links is itself a challenge. AR/VR can address this predicament, if employed properly. This paper will address AR/VR implicit and explicit capabilities in more details.
 The novelty of this paper is not in presenting AR/VR technology, as it has been around for several years, but rather in showing how to design an agile system to take advantage of the technology. The newly designed system can incorporate several scattered software applications across a facility; therefore AR/VR will act as an orchestrator by managing the flow of data and ensuring they reach the right personnel at the right time.


Misperception is a term which is generally used in a negative sense. However, when information promoting a certain kind of behavior is obtained, it can happen that the diversity of the behavior is enhanced by the misperceptions of the individual in the population, resulting in a situation in which misperception works advantageously for the population. This paper presents this view in terms of four hypotheses, dealing with (1) the basic adaptivity of misperception, (2) basic properties of communication, (3) the adaptivity of misperception in communication, and (4) the behavioral specificity of information in the adaptivity of misperception. A simple agent model for the resourcesearching problem is constructed. Direct misperception, which is misperception in the direct acquisition of information from the surrounding environment, and indirect misperception, which occurs when information is obtained through communication, are considered. Their effects are investigated by simulation experiments. It is shown that misperception enhances the diversity of agent behavior and can contribute to adaptivity. It is also shown that exact communication may decrease the diversity of agent behavior, and that adaptivity is decreased when false information is shared. A tendency for the adaptivity of misperception to decrease when the behavioral specificity in information terms is low is demonstrated. We believe that study of the adaptivity of misperception as a factor generating diversity will lead to new findings in cognitive science, memetics, and fundamental aspects of engineering. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(12): 96–106, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20266


A wideband antenna (10) includes a plurality of conductive strands (12) randomly interconnected and further coupled to a feedpoint (19) and a sheath (52) structurally retaining the plurality of conductive strands. The sheath can be a thin dielectric coating and the plurality of conductive strands can each be taller than one-quarter wavelength. The wideband antenna can have low dielectric losses while maintaining a multi-octave bandwidth. Air can be used as a dielectric between the plurality of conductive strands.


Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments are sometimes used without explicit understanding of which HRQOL domains are important to a given population. In this study, we sought to elicit an importance hierarchy among 27 HRQOL domains (derived from the general population) via a best-worst scaling survey of the population in Singapore, and to determine whether these domains were consistently valued across gender, age, ethnicity, and presence of chronic illnesses. We conducted a community-based study that sampled participants with quotas for gender, ethnicity, age, presence of chronic illness, and interview language. For the best-worst scaling exercise, we constructed comparison sets according to a balanced incomplete block design resulting in 13 sets of questions, each with nine choice tasks. Each task involved three HRQOL domains from which participants identified the most and least important domain. We performed a standard analysis of best-worst object scaling design (Case 1) using simple summary statistics; 603 residents participated in the survey. The three most important domains of health were: "the ability to take care of self without help from others" (best-worst score (BWS): 636), "healing and resistance to illness" (BWS: 461), and "having good relationships with family, friends, and others" (BWS: 373). The 10 top-ranked domains included physical, mental, and social health. The three least important domains were: "having a satisfying sex life" (BWS: -803), "having normal physical appearance" (BWS: -461), and "interacting with others (talking, shared activities, etc.)" (BWS: -444). Generally, top-ranked domains were consistently valued across gender, age, ethnicity, and presence of chronic illness. We conclude that the 10 top-ranked domains reflect physical, mental, and social dimensions of well-being suggesting that the sampled population's views on health are consistent with the World Health Organization's definition of health, "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity".


This paper introduces a new approach for recognizing cursively handwritten isolated Arabic characters. The approach is based on an active analysis of human handwriting movements, which was proposed and discussed extensively by the authors in a previous paper1). The handwriting process is modeled through autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. Model Reference Adaptive Control System (MRACS) theory is applied, in order to extract control pulses of the handwriting movements. The control pulses, which describe in details the handwriting movement's behavior, are then used for recognizing the shape of the cursively handwritten character. Although the presented approach is proposed for recognizing handwritten Arabic characters, it can, however, be applied equally well to actively recognize any other cursively handwritten scripts.


Computer system reliability has been a concern of computer scientists and professionals since the inception of the field. Three primary approaches have been taken in developing methods to improve software reliability: fault avoidance, fault elimination and fault tolerance. Evaluation of these approaches has for the most part been done in a vacuum; that is, there has been no comparison between different approaches. However, in any real project, all of these will be used and the real problem is to determine how to allocate scarce resources to different techniques. This study investigates the error detection obtained by application of two of these approaches, fault tolerance and fault elimination, on a set of independently developed versions of a program. Different fault detection techniques following each approach are used to provide a broad exposure of each approach on the versions. The fault detection techniques chosen were multi-version voting, programmer-inserted run-time assertions, testing, code reading of uncommented code by stepwise abstraction and static data flow analysis. Voting and run-time assertions are most commonly associated with fault tolerance. Testing, code reading and static data flow analysis are most commonly associated with fault elimination. After application of the techniques following each approach, the errors detected and the circumstances of detection were analyzed as a means of characterizing the differences between the approaches.
The results of this study provide insight on a series of research questions. The results demonstrate weaknesses in the fault tolerance approach and specifically in the multi-version voting method. In particular, the results demonstrate that voting of untested software may produce an insufficient improvement in the probability of producing a correct result to consider such use in systems where reliability is important. Voting is thus shown not to be a substitute for testing. Examination of the faults detected in this experiment show that the majority of faults were detected by only one technique. The results of this study suggest a series of questions for further research. For example, research is needed on how to broaden the classes of faults detected by each technique.


Free-radical co-polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide(NIPAAm) and N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide(NHMAAm) at 60℃ and 25℃ has been employed to prepare thermo-sensitive poly(NIPAAm-co-NHMAAm) hydrogels.The thermo-sensitive behavior and the swelling and deswelling behavior of the hydrogels have been investigated.The results showed that the amount of NHMAAm in the hydrogel and the synthesis temperature both played an important role in the properties of the hydrogel.The lower critical solution temperature(LCST) of the hydrogel increased with increasing molar ratio of NHMAAm.The hydrogels prepared at 60℃ demonstrated faster response rates when the temperature was increased.The hydrogel swelled quickly within 4-8h,and shrank quickly to balance within 5min,with the water loss being about 80%.They also showed stable swelling and deswelling behavior when the temperature was switched between 25℃ and 60℃,which could be repeated over many cycles.


This paper presents about Ant Colony Algorithm (ACO) for Text Classification in Multicore-Multithread Environment in Artificial Intelligent domain. We had develop a software which assimilate concurrency concept to multiple artificial ants. Pheromone in ACO is the main concept used to solve the text classification problem. In regards to its role, pheromone value is changed depending on the solution finding that has been discovered at the pseudo random heuristic attempt in selecting path from text words. However, ACO can take up longer time to process larger training document. Based on the cooperative concept of ants living in colony, the ACO part is examined to work in multicore-multithread environment as to cater additional execution time benefit. In running multicore-multithread environment, the modification aims to make artificial ants actively communicate between multiple physical cores of processor. The execution time reduction is expected to show an improvement without compromising the original classification accuracy by the investment of trading on more processing power. The single and multicore-multithreaded version of ACO was compared statistically by conduction relevant test. It was found that the result shows a positive time reduction improvement.


This study exhibits the use of participatory design in the development of a community housing project for the twelve family members of the Donnaville Homeowners Association in Barangay 177, Calooca...


The purpose of the present paper was to compare currently available diagnostic guidelines for juvenile bipolar disorder with respect to utility in research and clinical practice. A systematic search of psychiatric, medical and psychological databases was conducted using the terms 'juvenile bipolar disorder', 'paediatric bipolar disorder' and 'guidelines'. Three main sets of guidelines issued by the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (UK), The National Institute of Mental Health (USA) and Child Psychiatric Workshop (USA) were found. There were key differences in the recommendations made by each regarding the diagnosis and symptomatic presentation of juvenile bipolar disorder. Although the diagnosis of juvenile bipolar disorder is gaining increased recognition, its definition remains controversial. It is recommended that clinicians and researchers need to develop diagnostic guidelines that have clinical salience and can be used for future research by incorporating key features of those that are currently available.


The recycling of metallic fuel scraps is necessary to maximize uranium resources and minimize radioactive waste. The fabrication of high-content RE containing fuel slugs for Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor has been studied for the recycling of metallic fuel scraps. U-10wt.%Zr-RE fuel slugs were fabricated and characterized to evaluate the feasibility of the recycling of the fuel slug scraps. The fuel slugs were soundly fabricated up to 300 mm in length. The total impurities of oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and silicon were also less than 2,000 ppm for the fabricated metallic fuel slugs. The feasibility of the recycling of fuel slug scraps, such as the residue heels, has been demonstrated through the fabrication and characterization of high-content RE containing metallic fuel slugs.


Depending on the base used, either chalcon derivatives (III) or alkenyl benzoic esters (IV) are formed by the title reaction of benzaldehydes with alkyne (II).


There are vast resources of oil shale in the Chang-7 section of the Upper Triasic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China. They would provide secure access to transportation fuels, if utilized in an effective, economic and environmental manner. A Chang-7 oil shale sample containing pyrite has been pyrolysed in a thermogravimetric analyzer at constant heating rates of 5, 10, 20℃/min up to 1150℃ with nitrogen as purge gas. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry experiments were performed on parallel samples of Chang-7 oil shale sample at 20℃/min in the four temperature sections, ranging from 100 to 700℃ to understand the decomposition mechanism. The initial decomposition temperature and the final decomposition temperature of hydrocarbonaceous material were about 367℃ and 521℃ (average values), respectively, which raised with the increase of heating rate. The decomposition of pyrite began to take place over 500℃, and the pyrolysates involving sulfur compounds are harmful to the environment and corrode the equipment. Thus, we recommended that the final temperature of Chang-7 oil shale pyrolysis was best not to exceed 550℃ considering the heating rate to avoid environmental pollution and damage of the instruments. Chang-7 oil shale exhibited a single stage decomposition in the range of about 367–521℃, representing the rearrangement of kerogen molecules in the temperature range of 100–350℃. The activation energies of kerogen decomposition were calculated using Coats–Redfern method at different heating rate. We found that both activation energy and pre-exponential factor increased with an increasing heating rate. Finally, the DTA curves of Chang-7 oil shale verified the reliability of the calculated activation energies.


structure of a health system in determining the outcomes of patient care. They demonstrated, first, that site of death was not determined by patients' preferences or patients' clinical characteristics. A higher percentage of those wishing to die a t home died in the hospital (5.5%) than of those preferring to die in the hospital (46%). The site of death was significantly determined by local health resource availability. In-hospital deaths were greater in geographic regions with greater numbers of hospital beds and greater hospital use and were lower in regions with more hospice and nursing home availability. Based on these and related findings, the authors concluded that "patterns of care are strongly influenced by the availability of resources and the framework in which treatment is provided" and "clinical judgments regarding place of final care for dying persons are made in the context of the resources, organizational structure, and culture of the local health care system. . . "' These important conclusions are supported by numerous other studies in other contexts. The availability of high technology resources is a major determinant of their use.' The number of hospital beds in a local area is a major correlate of hospitalization rate^.^ Regionalization of services results in lower use.4 Cost sharing for drugs reduces adherence.' Regulatory structures affect procedure utilization.6 The structure of the reimbursement system provides incentives that alter care pattern^.^ Numerous other examples may also be cited. In addition, the structure of non-healthcare systems affects health service deliverya8 For example, use of healthcare resources is dependent on local social structures as well as on the adequacy of public transportation, communication, and childcare and other programs and systems. Thus, the structure of health and health-related public functions has a pervasive influence on how medicine is practiced and on what care patients receive. These findings belie the generally accepted notion that the practice patterns of physicians and the choices their patients make determine health system use and, consequently, the structure of the health system. Rather, the reverse is true the structure of the health system has a major impact on practice patterns. Most efforts to explain (or to modify) the behavior of physicians or patients are, however, centered on providing information, determining consumer preferences, altering finance systems, etc. The importance of structure remains largely underappreciated. A major lesson from this study and from others cited above is that structure may not only explain past events but may be a powerful proactive force in altering practice patterns. This, of course, depends on the validity of the results in predicting the Th a compelling manner, the overarching importance of the future as well as describing the past. If this assumption that past is prologue is shown to be reasonable, then policy options for influencing care issues whether cost or access or quality -may include changes in structure. For example, increasing the number and availability of hospices may be expected to shift the site of death away from hospitals. The remaining key question is "why"? How does structure influence health care practice? Structure matters in all organizations.' Structure affects organizational or system performance by, for example, promoting or inhibiting collaboration among groups whose work is naturally interdependent and by promoting or inhibiting what and how information is received and interpreted. In health care, several specific modes of influence may be observed. First, structural decisions may simply make a service unavailable. Second, regulations a form of structural intervention may prohibit certain procedures from being performed even if resources are available. Restrictions on abortion are one example of this type of structural intervention. Third, structural limitations may "hassle" the clinician or the provider, thus deterring use.


Background: Immunocompromised patients have higher risk for virally-driven lymphomas associated with pathogens including Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV), HTLV-1, and HIV-1. Within this high-risk patient population, early cancer detection remains a critically unmet clinical need. Recently, analysis of viral cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has shown promise as a predictive biomarker for both immune status and cancer risk. In solid organ transplant recipients, immunosuppression is associated with expansion of a circulating family of viruses called Anelloviridae (De Vlaminck I, Cell, 2013). In screening for EBV-driven nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC), EBV cfDNA fragment length distributions distinguish normal adults with transient viremia from those with high risk of NPC (Lam WK, PNAS, 2018). We developed VirCAPP-Seq (Viral Cancer Personalized Profiling by Deep Sequencing) as a clinical virome capture approach for enriching and deeply sequencing circulating viral nucleic acids to elucidate virome composition, fragment length distribution, host genome integration sites, and viral polymorphisms. These features of viral cfDNA may clarify patient risk for malignancy and immunosuppression.
 Method: 180 viral species from 15 families were selected on the basis of 3 criteria: (1) Known oncoviruses (eg, EBV, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)); (2) Commensal viruses associated with immune state (eg, Anelloviridae); (3) Common clinically relevant viruses (Adenovirus, CMV, BK, etc.). Viral reference genomes were segmented into continuous sliding 50mer windows, and compared to hg19 and a pan-viral reference database for homology using BLASTN. Non-unique regions were excluded. Remaining regions were clustered using CD-HIT at 85% homology to minimize redundant probes (figure 1A). We applied VirCAPP-Seq to plasma samples of patients with known levels of EBV viremia. To evaluate possible interactions of VirCAPP-Seq with human probes, we applied the viral panel alone and in combination with a CAPP-Seq lymphoma panel (Kurtz DM, JCO, 2018). Reads were aligned to a composite reference genome consisting of 180 viral reference genomes and hg19. For each targeted virus, plasma (GE) were estimated by computing the ratio of unique viral depth to human depth, and multiplying by the measured plasma DNA concentration and plasma volume. We correlated the sequencing-based GE estimate to viral titers determined by a clinical RT-PCR assay measured in a CLIA laboratory. Viral integration sites were evaluated with Virus-Clip (Ho DW, Oncotarget, 2015).
 Results: The final VirCAPP-Seq design consists of 2349 target regions across 180 species, spanning 2.097 Mb. A median of 95.9% of each targeted virus was covered by the panel (IQR 85.1% - 99.0%). Sequence-based phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clear relationships between members of each viral family. However, following in silico masking of non-unique regions, these phylogenetic relationships were no longer discernible, demonstrating that our design avoids targeting regions with interspecies ambiguity (figure 1B). Surprisingly, addition of VirCAPP-Seq to a human capture panel did not significantly impact the human on-target rate compared to human-only capture of lymphoma CAPP-Seq targets (Kurtz et al 2018 JCO), suggesting minimal non-specific interaction between viral probes and host DNA (figure 1C). Across EBV-positive samples, VirCAPP-Seq enriched EBV cfDNA a median of 214,000x compared to off-target EBV abundance in human-only capture (IQR 55,100x - 277,600x) (figure 1D). EBV-positive samples achieved a median EBV depth of 1015x (IQR 210x - 2802x) after enrichment. Additionally, viral GE estimates from read counts were highly correlated with viral titer estimates by clinical RT-PCR (r = 0.92, p < 0.001, n=9) (figure 1E). We observed several significant correlations between virome measurements across a range of immunosuppression states and lymphoma subtypes, with details to be presented at the meeting.
 Conclusions: VirCAPP-Seq enables simultaneous enrichment of clinically relevant viral and host cfDNA from plasma over several orders of magnitude. This framework holds promise for monitoring diverse features of viral cfDNA that capture risks for malignancy and immunosuppression, facilitating personalized diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

 Kurtz: Roche: Consultancy. Advani:Janssen: Research Funding; Kura: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Cell Medica, Ltd: Consultancy; Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Developments, Inc.: Consultancy; Forty-Seven: Research Funding; Agensys: Research Funding; Bayer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Research Funding; Celmed: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Gilead Sciences, Inc./Kite Pharma, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Infinity Pharma: Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Stanford University: Employment, Equity Ownership; Autolus: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Diehn:AstraZeneca: Consultancy; BioNTech: Consultancy; Quanticell: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy.


Co-culture of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, with marine shrimp has been an increasing farm practice as evidence has suggested that the co-culture is one of a few ways to mitigate shrimp diseases, especially the acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease that has affected shrimp culture industry worldwide. Since Nile tilapia are basically freshwater species, having them in co-culture with marine shrimp therefore requires a certain degree of salinity adaptation, in which the fish are readily capable to. The present study was aimed at studying certain hemato-immunological changes of the fish reared under elevated salinity, as well as their susceptibility to pathogens. Nile tilapia (180 ± 30.20 g initial body weight) were reared under gradually increasing salinity within one month from 0 to 30 ppt at 3 ppt/3d and maintained for another month in 30-ppt salinity. At the end of the 60-day experimental period, 51.3 ± 15.5% of the fish survived with mortality occurred mainly during the second month when the salinity was at 30 ppt. Their growth rate was retarded to 60% of that of the control fish maintained under freshwater (0 ppt). The fish reared under elevated salinity also had significantly lower hematocrit (24.1 ± 1.2%), higher total white blood cell counts (35,000 ± 5,000 cells/μL), higher absolute numbers of lymphocytes and thrombocytes (13,500 ± 1,700 cells/μL and 17,700 ± 2,300 cells/μL, respectively) and higher serum lysozyme activity (49.3 ± 19.3 unit/mL), compared to those reared under freshwater. Presence of three representative pathogens: infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), Francisella noatunensis and Streptococcus agalactiae; were determined in the fish reared under freshwater and in those reared under elevate salinity, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Of the three pathogens, only ISKNV was detected in 1/10 of the freshwater and 6/10 of the elevated-salinity fish. In both groups, the virus was present in the gills, brain, liver, gonads, skin, kidney and spleen, with moderately and severely positive reaction observed in the kidney and


A deodorant floor drain comprises a base. A floor drain core which is formed by sleeving an inner tube in an outer tube is arranged on the base. The deodorant floor drain is characterized in that a duckbill valve which is opened by the pressure of water drained in the floor drain is arranged at the bottom of the inner tube, a large-aperture end of the duckbill valve is sleeved at the bottom of the inner tube, and a flat-mouth end of the duckbill valve is closed in a clinging manner. The duckbill valve is arranged at the bottom of the inner tube of a spool, so that the floor drain can still effectively stop bad smell and mosquitoes of a sewer from entering an indoor environment when a water seal fails; the floor drain has an effect of preventing sewage from overflowing under the condition of blockage of a drainage pipe; and moreover, the deodorant floor drain is difficult to block, and impurities are convenient to remove.


A new neutral host Pd2L2 metallacycle featuring a bulky bis-[3-pyridyl(hydroxy)methyl]-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane is synthesized and seven crystalline inclusion compounds are obtained from DMF, DMSO, EtOAc and THF, all the later acting as guest solvents. X-ray structural analysis shows the formation of 1:n (n = 6-8) host/guest crystals, indicating a high stoichiometric ratio of included solvent. X-ray diffraction analysis of all structures reveal a supramolecular ordering of the palladacycles in the solid state, through extensive hydrogen bonding or intermolecular contacts, mainly between the host and the guest molecules.


The main bridge of Xingduicha Bridge is a deck type reinforced concrete box arch bridge with main span net length 205 m,and is a long span concrete arch bridge to be constructed by swivel erection with balanced swivel system.In this paper,the main contents of comparison and selection of construction schemes for swivel erection of the main arch ring and design of the swivel etection system of the bridge are mainly dealt with.It is expected that the presentations in the paper may serve as reference to the design of similar bridges.


The effect of aerosol emissions from an active shipping lane in the Indian Ocean is simulated using an idealized framework in a cloud‐resolving model. Increased aerosol concentrations over the modeled shipping lane lead to increased cloud droplet number, cloud liquid mass, ice hydrometeor mass, and simulated radar reflectivity. The invigoration of deep convection induces mesoscale uplift and increased precipitation over the shipping lane. A predicted increase in the prevalence of both strong updrafts and radar echoes aloft is suggestive of enhanced lightning activity over the shipping lane, as observed in a recent study. Cloud radiative effects, both shortwave and longwave, are intensified over the shipping lane, but the change in the net radiative flux at top of atmosphere is not significantly different from zero.


The 150th anniversary of the surrender at Appomattox, and of the formal abolition of slavery by the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, was marked by many recognitions-museum exhibitions, re-enactments, publications celebrating the end of the Civil War. But the violence and struggle didn't end there or then. The APS recognition of the anniversary treats 1865 not as a triumphant end but as a mid-point in a continuing conflict that stretched into its centennial, marked by the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and into our own current moment, marked by the undermining of that statute by the Supreme Court's decision in 2013 and the protests of the Black Lives Matter movement.1Many of us like to think that history is stable, and sometimes they are right. The Declaration of Independence will always be dated July 4, 1776; Pearl Harbor will always have taken place on December 7, 1941. But what we understand about the past resonates through our own understandings of the present; the injuries of the past can carry into the future, shaping misleading assumptions about the present. Can we comfortably say that freedom for the enslaved was accomplished in 1865? If so, how are we to explain the persistent violence the formerly enslaved experienced, in stunningly powerful riots in 1866 in New Orleans and Memphis and continuing throughout the former Confederacy at the hands of the Ku Klux Klan and other paramilitary movements for decades? Does everyone who has in their minds the image of Grant generously permitting Lee and his officers to keep their swords and horses after surrender also know that within months, the obstinate denial of the full citizenship of black people throughout the white South-by new statutes, by intimidation, violence, and rape-would lead Congress to expand the authority of the Freedmen's Bureau to try by military commissions those who denied the civil rights of freedmen (pressuring them into indentures not far removed from slavery, prohibiting them from testifying against white people in courts, making voting impossible), and then, less than two years after Appomattox, to divide virtually all the former Confederacy into five military districts, in which army commanders were empowered to protect property and the public peace? Do they know that there were substantial areas on the margins of the Old Confederacy where white people carefully avoided letting black people know that slavery had ended, and continued their lives as before? Misreadings of how slavery and its aftermath were experienced play into current ways of addressing race. Erasures of the past limit the options available in the future.At our best, we historians do not limit ourselves to reading and reporting on what, in Ruskin's words, "the Past had to say for itself." We re-read and reconsider the interpretations of our predecessors, in light of new evidence and also in light of our own historical moment and the questions that face our own generation. A book about the liberation of slaves written in the mid-1950s and read during the struggle for civil rights in that decade resonates somewhat differently in a reader's mind than the same book read 50 years later, when we have a different perspective on the accomplishments-and limits on the accomplishments-of the modern civil rights movement.This symposium is an opportunity to reflect on how we might more richly understand the legacies of the Civil War and Reconstruction. We use slavery's own metaphor-"unshackling"-as we rethink our understandings of slavery and freedom. The meanings of freedom changed sharply as the simple 1865 declaration of the Thirteenth Amendment-"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to its jurisdiction"- was resisted massively and cleverly throughout the South. Within a year, buttressing was required: in 1866, an extensive Civil Rights Act specified for black people the rights "to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold and convey real and personal property, and to full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property, as is enjoyed by white citizens. …


ABSTRACT This paper studies the dynamic relationship between ship prices and operating profits by using the fact that these two factors are cointegrated. To conduct an empirical analysis, we select Panamax 76K 5-year second-hand prices and 1-year time charter rates, and then define their linear combination as a log price–charter ratio. We find that almost all variations in price–charter ratios correspond to changing expectations about future returns. This finding implies that the mean reversion in price–charter ratios arises mainly from ship prices as prices tend to move toward operating profits. The implication is that price–charter ratios can be used to schedule ship investment timing. When unexpected down-side risks occur, one preemptive action to minimize additional losses is to lower vessel exposure right away before ship prices plummet in accordance with movements in the freight market.


There are lots of valuable resource on Internet which can provide with cross languages and cross areas parallel corpus. Some earlier methods are developed to do this mining work. However, they often use one feature only in the mining process. We use multiple reasonable features of parallel pages to acquire parallel corpus. At last, we also add a SVM classifier which utilize all the features to do the mining work. Surely, it achieve a significant improvement than earlier methods. The evaluation is based on massive manually annotated pairs and our method achieves precision rate of 95% and recall rate of 99%.


The definition of urbanized areas, both regionally and globally, is an important basis for urban development monitoring and management, as well as an important condition for studying social policies, economics, culture and the environment. Thanks to the development of science and technology, urban expansion is developing rapidly. The method of extracting urbanized areas quickly and accurately has become the focus of research. In the 1970s, with the beginning of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), the images of night lights that provide a new method for the extraction of urbanized areas were born. However, due to the limits of spatial resolution and spectral range, it's true that there are defects in urbanized area extraction based on OMSP-OLS nightlight images. In recent years, with the development of remote sensing technology, remote sensing data with a higher resolution emerged, providing an effective and applicable data source for urban planning monitoring. I suppose that the images of night lights with a higher resolution have greater precision than the old ones in the extraction of urbanized areas. This work has dedicated the images of night lights (NPP-VIIRS and Luojia1-01) and the 1 Centro de Política de Suelo y Valoraciones (CPSV), Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya (UPC). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-3033. * Correo de contacto: email@example.com CTV Congreso Internacional Ciudad y Territorio Virtual International Conference Virtual City and Territory X II I 2 ISSN e: 2604-6512 images of urbanized areas (FROM-GLC 2017) to construct a logistic regression model to evaluate and compare the accuracy of the two images of night lights in the extraction of urbanized areas. And I hope to explore the advantages of the night light images of the new generation satellite Luojia1-01 in the smaller scale studies. First, I will learn the knowledge of night light imaging to summarize and determine the necessary methods, including methods of data processing, urbanized area extraction, evaluation and etc. Second, I will process the images and data in Arcgis to obtain the values of each pixel as variables, and I will make a logistic regression model of the original and logarithmic data in SPSS. In addition, I will calculate the cross table of the 4 results with the urbanization value to obtain the probability and Kappa. Finally, I will compare and analyze the probability and Kappa, and pass the thresholds obtained to Arcgis to perform the re-extraction of urbanized areas. Palabras Clave: Luojia1-01; NPP-VIIRS; Teledetección satelital


On the 7th day after the modelling of periodontitis, there was a decrease in the relative number of macrophages in peritoneal washout, but with an increase in the number of adhered cells. A decrease in the macrophage adhesive capability was established on the 14th day of experiment only. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils was reduced in the animals with periodontitis as manifested by decrease in the phagocytic and opsono-phagocytic indices by 40.1 and 42.9%, respectively, on the 7th day of experiment ( p < 0.05 – 0.001) and phagocytic index by 31.5% on the 14th day. The amount of phagocyting neutrophils did not differ significantly from the same value in naive animals on the 21st day. The inhibition of phagocyte absorption capability was not established in the animals with periodontitis. The administration of indolicidin analogs to the animals with periodontitis at the dose 500 μg/kg intraperitoneally once within 7 days had a stimulatory influence on both the relative amount of macrophages in the peritoneal washout (for indolicidin No. 7, by 24.0% and for indolicidin No.8, by 20.0%, p < 0,001) and the percentage content of adhered macrophages: beginning witgh the 14th day of experiment, the increase of percentage content of adhered cells was 21.7 and 17.1% upon the administration of indolicidin No. 7 and indolicidin No. 8, respectively, as compared to the control group ( p < 0.05). The investigated indolicidin analogs produced a stimulatory effect on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils during all the time of observation, as manifested by significant increase in all the investigated indices: phagocytic index by 43.0 – 50.0% ( p < 0.001), phagocytic number by 12.6 – 50.0% ( p < 0.05 – 0.01) and opsono-phagocytic index by 77.5 – 173.5% ( p < 0.05 – 0.01). The stimulatory effect of indolicidin No. 7 on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils of peripheral blood and the adhesive capability of peritoneal macrophages was higher than that of indolicidin No. 8. In particular, only indolicidin No. 7 caused an increase in phagocytic number and relative amount of adhered peritoneal macrophages on the 21st day, and the growth of opsono-phagocytic index was also more significant after indolicidin No. 7 administration.


This article establishes that the suffering of the other represents a serious philosophical and ethical problem in Beauvoir's first post–World War II novel. In fact, the other's suffering poses such a complex problem in Le sang des autres particularly because Beauvoir depicts her characters' world as a kind of Mitsein, which is Heidegger's word to describe how our lives necessarily intertwine with and envelop the lives of others while still allowing for the existential experience of separation. In the novel, the main characters' potential responses to the other's suffering—quietism, indifference, charity, and empathy—fail according to the novel's existentialist ethical framework because of the ways these responses deny the fundamental ambiguity of Beauvoirian Mitsein. Only in accepting separation and connection as codependent ethical values do the characters find an ethically palatable response to the other's suffering at the end of the novel.


Assessing the condition of bridge infrastructure requires estimating damage-sensitive features from reliable sensor data. This study proposes to estimate natural frequencies from displacement measurements of a ground-based interferometric radar (GBR). These frequencies are determined from the damped vibration after each vehicle crossing with least squares and compared to a Frequency Domain Decomposition result. We successfully applied the approach in an exemplary measurement campaign at a bridge near Coburg (Germany) with an additional comparison to commonly used strain sensors. Since temperature greatly influences natural frequencies, linear regression is used to correct this influence. A simulation shows that GBR, combined with the least squares approach, achieves the lowest uncertainty and variation in the linear regression, indicating better damage detection results. However, the success of the damage detection highly depends on correctly determining the temperature influence, which might vary throughout the structure. Future work should further investigate the biases and variability of this influence.