Breast cancer is the common malignant tumor in women. Detection in the early-stage is therefore critical to breast cancer management and prognosis. Ultrasonography, as one of the most important imaging modalities, plays an important role in diagnosis of breast cancer. Grey-scale and Doppler imaging, microbubbles ultrasound contrast agent, elastomography, as well as three-dimensional ultrasonography are main methods for both detection and differentiation in breast cancer. The purpose of this paper is to review the applications of these techniques in diagnosis breast carcinoma.


Abstract A multi-body flight simulation for the Mars Smart Lan-der has been developed that includes six degree-of-freedom rigid-body models for both the supersonically-deployed and subsonically-deployed parachutes. Thissimulation is designed to be incorporated into a largersimulation of the entire entry, descent and landing(EDL) sequence. The complete end-to-end simulationwill provide attitude history predictions of all bodiesthroughout the flight as well as loads on each of theconnecting lines. Other issues such as recontact withjettisoned elements (heat shield, back shield, parachutemortar covers, etc.), design of parachute and attachmentpoints, and desirable line properties can also be ad-dressed readily using this simulation. Introduction A multi-body flight simulation for the MarsSmart Lander has been developed that includes highfidelity models for both the supersonically-deployedand subsonically-deployed parachutes. While parachutemodels are necessary for simulation of all MarsLanders, the Mars Smart Lander will have a capability,namely active, autonomous, on-board Hazard Detectionand Avoidance (HDA) that makes the inclusion of thesemodels even more imperative. None of the MarsLanders to date have had an active on-board HDA sys-tem. This HDA function for these earlier landers hasbeen served by a combination of restricting the landingto "safe" sites as judged by the Mars Project Office andby "robust" lander design. Restriction of landing siteplaces limitations on the scientific objectives that canbe achieved, while robust lander design commits a largeamount of mass to components which provide no addedvalue to the mission. The Mars Smart Lander will in-clude an active HDA designed to insure a safe touch-down even in hazardous terrain, thus allowing safelandings in areas that would be considered too danger-ous for missions to date. The hazards to be avoidedinclude rocks, craters, and large sloping terrain. TheHDA system is currently envisioned to be composed oflidar and radar elements that map the local terrain anddetermine the location of safe landing zones. The in-formation gathered from the sensors would be providedto the on-board guidance algorithm, which would mod-ify the target point to avoid the detected hazards. Toaccurately model this HDA capability requires an accu-rate end-to-end simulation of the entire entry, descentand landing (EDL) sequence. Flight simulation ofspacecraft with parachutes is mathematically compli-cated and not easily characterized with traditional ap-proaches. It involves multiple bodies, some of whichare very flexible, flying in close proximity with signifi-cant interaction effects. In previous Mars Lander mis-sions, a separate simulation was developed for the para-chute portion of flight, independent of the other por-tions of the EDL, because the dynamics are so differentfrom the rest of the entry. This was the approach fol-


During the past several decades, linguists have developed and applied widely techniques which enable them, to a considerable extent, to determine and state the structure of natural languages without semantic reference. It is of interest to inquire seriously into the formality of linguistic method and the adequacy of whatever part of it can be made purely formal, and to examine the possibilities of applying it, as has occasionally been suggested, to a wider range of problems. In order to pursue these aims it is first necessary to reconstruct carefully the set of procedures by which the linguist derives the statements of a linguistic grammar from the behaviour of language users, distinguishing clearly between formal and experimental in such a way that grammatical notions, appearing as definienda in a constructional system, will be formally derivable for any language from a fixed sample of linguistic material upon which the primitives of the system are experimentally defined. The present paper will be an attempt to formalize a certain part of the linguist's generalized syntax language. From another point of view, this paper is an attempt to develop an adequate notion of syntactic category within an inscriptional nominalistic framework. The inscriptional approach seems natural for linguistics, particularly in view of the fact that an adequate extension of the results of this paper will have to deal with the problem of homonymity, i.e., with a statement of the conditions under which tokens of the same type must be assigned to different syntactic classes.


The invention tiron (4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene di-sulfonate acid) relates to an anticancer agent comprising as an active ingredient, and more particularly to tiron is effectively the survival and growth of human premyelocytic leukemia cells inhibition and, by reducing the concentration of iron ions in the cells increased the expression of HIF-α and C / EBPα and, produces a DNA damage of cancer cells. In addition, cell death (apoptosis) can be usefully used to induce the expression of genes related to the anti-cancer agent by inducing apoptosis of cancer cells, and promote effective cell differentiation. Tiron (4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene di-sulfonate acid), human premyelocytic leukemia cells


Drawing on a theoretical sample from my on-going fieldwork on religious creativity, I offer a psychological perspective on the issue of secrecy in contemporary initiatory Wicca. Secrecy is understood here to exist in those relationships where a supposed inequality of knowledge is actively maintained by managing access to the surplus of that knowledge. First, a descriptive account of the various etic narratives of secrecy is given, successively relating the topic to mythistory, oath keeping, magical practice, and mysteries. Second, moving from the manifest level to the latent level of these narratives, I will then offer an explanation and interpretation of the functions secrecy in terms of the maintenance of ownership, appeal, and association. The latter is explained as ritual hygiene and shown to be the functional opposite of secrecy. In the concluding part two implications of the institutionalization of secrecy are discussed: misrepresentation of knowledge and stalled religious development are shown to be detrimental side-effects of upholding secrecy in contemporary Paganism.


This paper aims to study halide under traditional drainage and ecological water treatment of saline-alkali soil through bulk density, porosity, moisture content, soluble and nutrient characteristics in Shaanxi, to analyze the different governance mode of different soil physical and chemical characteristics to provide scientific basis for saline-alkali land management. Saline-alkali land model test was set in Shaanxi Fuping, respectively set up traditional drainage and ecological water treatment, analysis soil bulk density, porosity, electric conductivity, total salt, organic matter, total N, available K, available P and fractal dimension of 0-30 cm soil layer; Analysis soil moisture content and reservoir capacity of 0-160 cm soil layer, and comprehensive analysis the average fractal dimension of soil and soil nutrient average correlation in 0-30 cm soil depth. Results show that: (1) in 0-30 cm soil depth, two kinds of mode, the soil bulk density and porosity appear consistent, the soil bulk density can be reduced, and ecological water storage mode can effectively increase the soil porousness compare with traditional drainage mode. (2) Under the same amount of water, in the 0-160 cm soil layer, the average soil moisture and average water storage capacity under the ecological water storage treatment were 4.47% and 2.57% higher than the traditional drainage treatment. (3) In the 0-30 cm soil layer, the traditional drainage and ecological water storage treatment significantly reduced the soil pH, conductivity and total salt content before the test, and the ecological water storage treatment decreased significantly; (4) In the 0-30 cm soil layer, the nutrient content of each treatment showed the same trend, which decreased with the increase of soil layer, and the average content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus under ecological storage treatment was higher than that of traditional drainage treatment. The height was 18.96%, 4.76%, 10.67% and 9.35%, and the difference between treatments was significant (P<0.05). (5) In the 0-30 cm soil layer, the fractal dimension of soil aggregates in dry and wet sieves showed opposite trend, and there was a good linear relationship with soil average bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus (R2 = 0.8006∼0.9499), the difference was significant (P<0.05). In summary, the ecological water storage treatment can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve soil stability and soil quality, and achieve good salinity treatment.


The regioselectivity of reactions of 3-(perfluoroacyl)- 4H-thiochromen-4-ones with a range of hetaryl, aryl, and alkyl amines was examined. The reactions provide ready access to poly- fluoroalkylated fused pyridines and thiochromen-4-ones.


Interacting (Int) Toda equations are proposed based on an interacting soliton picture which enables us to regard the N -soliton solution as a system of N interacting solitons. The solution of an Int Toda equation is shown to be proportional to a function of the solutions of the Flaschka equations, using only the knowledge of the forms of the equations concerned. Two alternative forms of the Flaschka equation are proposed.


In the dual LΦ∗ of a ∆2-Orlicz space LΦ, we show that a proper (resp. finite) convex function is lower semicontinuous (resp. continuous) for the Mackey topology τ(LΦ∗ , LΦ) if and only if on each order interval [−ζ, ζ] = {ξ : −ζ ≤ ξ ≤ ζ} (ζ ∈ LΦ∗ ), it is lower semicontinuous (resp. continuous) for the topology of convergence in probability. For this purpose, we provide the following Komlós type result: every norm bounded sequence (ξn)n in LΦ∗ admits a sequence of forward convex combinations ξ̄n ∈ conv(ξn, ξn+1, ...) such that supn |ξ̄n| ∈ LΦ∗ and ξ̄n converges a.s.


Baby corn (BC) consists of the corn ear harvested two or three days after silk emergence. BC is a profitable crop, making possible a diversification of production, aggregation of value and increased income. Removing the first female inflorescence induces corn to produce others, making possible to produce several BC ears or, alternatively, BC (by harvesting the first ear) and green ears or grain. The objective of this work was to evaluate green ear yield and grain yield, after harvesting the first ear as BC. Corn cultivar AG 1051 was submitted to the following treatments, in a random block design with ten replicates (52 plants per plot): BC harvesting; green ear harvesting (grain moisture content between 60 and 70%); mature ear harvesting; BC harvesting and harvesting of other ears as green or mature ears. Marketable green ears yield or grain yield produced without removing the first inflorescence were superior to the green ears yield or grain yield produced after removal of the first inflorescence harvested as baby corn. Harvesting only the first ear as baby corn, and then harvesting green ears or the mature ears, provided lower baby corn yields than that obtained by harvesting all ears as baby corn. Economically, the best net revenues would be obtained by exploring the crop for the production of green ears, green ears + baby corn, baby corn, baby corn + grain, and grain, in this order.


The electrostrictive tensor components Q11, Q12 and Q44 of Pb0.83Sr0.12Ba0.05 [Zr0.6Ti0.38Nb0.02]O3-ceramic were measured separately above Curie temperature with a time-resolved X-ray diffraction technique. The results were corrected for the influence of ceramic parameters. The corrected values are considered to be the same as single-crystal values. This was proven by comparison of values from measurements on BaTiO3-ceramics with the known values for BaTiO3 singlecrystals. The electrostrictive coefficients of the above mentioned ceramic were measured in a temperature range between 420K (Curie temperature) and 470K. The results were independent of temperature: Q11=3.0·10-2 m4/C2, Q12=-1.6·10-2 m4/C2 and Q44=6.2·10-2 m4/C2. In the ceramic system Pb0.83Sr0.12Ba0.05[ZrxTi0.98-xNb0.02] O3 the electrostrictive coefficients were found to vary linearly with variation of x. Our measurements are compared with those of other authors.


The last few years have seen a major innovation within disaster management and financing through the emergence of standardized forecast-based action protocols. Given sufficient forecasting skill and lead time, financial resources can be shifted from disaster response to disaster preparedness, potentially saving both lives and property. Short-term (hours to days) early warning systems are common worldwide; however, longer-term (months to seasons) early actions are still relatively under-studied. Seeking to address both, the Peruvian Red Cross has developed an Early Action Protocol (EAP) for El Niño-related extreme precipitation and floods. The EAP has well-defined risk metrics, forecast triggers, and early actions ranging from 5 days to 3 months before a forecasted disaster. Changes in climate regimes, forecast technology, or institutional and financial constraints, however, may significantly alter expected impacts of these early actions. A robust sensitivity analysis of situational and technological constraints is thus conducted to identify benefits and tradeoffs of various actions given various future scenarios, ensuring an adaptive and effective protocol that can be used for a wide range of changing circumstances.


Diacetyl is a butter-tasting vicinal diketone produced as a by-product of yeast valine metabolism during fermentation. Concentration is dependent on a number of factors including rate of formation of the precursor α-acetolactate by yeast, spontaneous decarboxylation of this acetohydroxy acid to diacetyl and removal of diacetyl by yeast via the action of various reductase enzymes. Lowering concentrations of diacetyl in green beer represents an expensive and time-consuming part of the brewing process and strategies to minimize diacetyl formation or hasten its reduction have potential for improving overall efficiency of the lager brewing system. Here we review the processes that determine diacetyl levels in green beer as well as the various ways in which diacetyl levels can be controlled. The amount of diacetyl produced during fermentation can be affected by modifying process conditions, wort composition or fermentation technique, or by yeast strain development through genetic engineering or adaptive evolution. The process of diacetyl reduction by yeast is not as well understood as the process of formation, but is dependent on factors such as physiological condition, cell membrane composition, temperature and pH. The process of diacetyl removal is typically rate-limited by the reaction rate for the spontaneous decarboxylation of α-acetolactate to diacetyl. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling


99 'therapy-resistant' depressive out-patients were treated with l-5-hydroxytrypto-phan combined with the peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, carbidopa. This treatment produced an astonishing recovery without side effects in some 50% of the patients.


Cardiopulmonary bypass with systemic heparinization causes trauma to blood cells and coagulation defects. Artificial surfaces could be coated by end-linkage binding of heparin (Carmeda Bioactive Surface CBAS™). The use of such surfaces during cardiopulmonary bypass in animals resulted in less postoperative blood loss and better preservation of blood cells. Heparin-coated circuits were employed during coronary artery grafting in seven patients (Group C). Concomitantly, the heparin dose was reduced by 25% and an ACT of 300 sec was accepted. An additional seven patients were operated with non-coated circuits (Group NC), requiring an ACT above 400 sec with normal doses of heparin. There was no thrombo-embolic complications in Group C. The postoperative bleeding was generally low and without significant intergroup differences. Coagulation parameters displayed a significantly lower ACT and anti-Factor Xa during bypass in Group 1C. A tendency towards less blood cell trauma was observed with heparin-coated circuits, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. The protamine dose could be reduced by 50%, which significantly reduced the protamine/heparin quotient.
This study indicates that routine cardiopulmonary bypass could safely be performed with heparin-coated circuits and reduced intravenous doses of heparin and protamine. It is suggested that the use of heparin-coated circuits may lead to less blood cell trauma.


The paper deals with polymer-cement composites (PCC) with improved adhesion to the concrete substrates. The influence of polymers on the microstructure of the composite is discussed. On the base of the selection tests, the polyacrylic ester (PAE) dispersion was chosen as the most promising polymer modifier. The experiment was carried out using the statistical design of experiment. Material model of the polymer-cement mortar was developed and material optimisation was performed using overall desirability concept. PAE-modified mortar of the optimised composition has excellent bond strength to the concrete substrate and very good values of other important properties. The statistical analysis of the model makes possible to evaluate the synergic effects and the significance of the particular components of the mixed binder for the bond strength. Some general conclusions about the future needs in this research field are also formulated.


The application of ontologies to solve biomedical problems in hospitals is increasing. In the Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) physicians, clinical researchers, data managers and FAIR specialists are addressing the question of how to manage research data in the hospital to enable efficient research for patient care and treatment. We hypothesized to improve data integration based on machine readable ontology, i.e. improve the Interoperability aspect of FAIR. In this paper, we describe the development and evaluation of the LUMC Clinical Ontology for biomedical research in academic hospitals.


In vivo the hydrogenase of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata is capable of recycling molecular hydrogen, which is coupled to the nitrogenase for acetylene redaction. A ferredoxin from R. capsulata can be reduced by native hydrogenase with molecular hydrogen as electron donor. The reducing power generated by H 2 -hydrogenase could couple to nitrogenase-dependent acetylene reduction via ferredoxin. A natural fraction from crude extracts of R. capsulata has been separated, which functions as an active electron carrier between H 2 -hydrogenase system and acetylene reduction reaction by native nitrogenase. A low midpoint redox potential component was identified in this natural fraction. The evidence indicates that the component effective for the coupling of electron might be a cytochrome C 3 . A methyl viologen-linked diaphorase activity specific to NADPH has been identified. The possible role of ferredoxincytochrome C 3 complex as an electron carrier system in the hydrogen evolution and hydrogen recycling process by R. capsulata was discussed,


of methods and possibilities, if only by the urgent necessity to do something. This applies particularly in medicine, where the ethical situation severely limits the possibilities of experiment. Considerable advances must therefore come about largely through more or less indirect approaches. The question of how best to mix the currents of inquiry is evidently a very difficult one. Ideally, various disciplines should be included in the mind and practice of each person engaged in the profession. The surgeon or physician who is also learned in the basis sciences (or, indeed, in the arts) can play a tremendous part in the development of his subject. But as methods have become more


For many analytical applications, a compact, inexpensive laser source is desired. Compactness is needed to move analytical techniques off the laboratory bench and into the real world, while low costs will place laser-based instrumentation within the reach of a larger community of users. Although room temperature diode lasers are small, cheap, and readily available today, they are limited to wavelengths between 0.6 microns and 1.8 microns. Intense efforts to develop new semiconductor lasers at wavelengths outside this range are underway, but these efforts are unlikely to pay off before the end of the century. In the meantime, light at wavelengths needed for analytical applications can be produced using the nonlinear frequency conversion of existing diode lasers.


Abstract : Snow deformatio studies are being made in the undersnow facilities at Camp Century on the N. Greenland Ice Cap to define the 'useful life' of such facilities. The initial measurements were made in Aug. 1959 and since then cross section measurement stations, settlement recording Helipots (helical potentiometers), and a camp bench mark system have been installed. Results through May 1962 are presented. Twenty-nine Helipots, installed on structures within the tunnels, record movement between the structure and the tunnel arch or floor. The horizontal and vertical distances between wooden pegs set in the tunnel walls at 19 stations to determine profile variations in the tunnel cross sections are measured periodically with a steel tape. Grid lines were painted on several side tunnel portals of various sizes and shapes and will be photographed periodically to determine patterns of deformation. The various Helipot installations are diagrammed and the relative movements recorded by each are graphed. The 19 tunnel cross sections being studied are also diagrammed and rates of closure at each station graphed, and the elevation variations of the bench marks with time are tabulated. (Author)


The utility model discloses an upper cover of a reactor for a large-sized reduction distillation furnace. The upper cover comprises an upper flange plate, a shell, a central pipe and a bottom plate, wherein a vacuuming pipe penetrates through a bottom side wall behind the upper flange plate to be subjected to full penetration welding with the bottom plate; an upper side wall is subjected to full penetration welding with the upper flange plate; a cylinder of a heater penetrates through the upper flange plate and then is welded to the top of the bottom plate; the cylinder of the heater and a cover plate of the heater form a heating cavity; a conical pipe and a thermal insulation material are arranged in the heating cavity; the conical pipe comprises a straight pipe part and a trumpet-shaped opening part; the bottom plate is subjected to full penetration welding with the trumpet-shaped opening; a passage connecting pipe penetrates through the heating cover plate and then is welded with the straight pipe part of the conical pipe; and the outer side wall of the conical pipe is provided with a heating component and a temperature measuring pipe. According to the upper cover, the problems such as over stress centralization and welding seam cracking in special production processes such as high temperature, high pressure and vacuum in a titanium sponge production process are solved, the failure rate is low, the life is greatly prolonged, and the reliability in use of the upper cover is improved.


a device and regulatory perspective. Third pillar: the hospital of the future needs to be sustainable. Thus, it is crucial to be resolute and increase the probability of favorable outcomes. There is also a concern with the relationship between cost and effectiveness. Discussions about remuneration models are also essential here, such as controversies between the fee-for-service model and value-based care (or even a hybrid model). Fourth pillar: the undeniable connection between the hospital and primary care. It is necessary to speak of an enlarged and "without walls" hospital: the concern with health extends to those patients who are not in their traditional physical space. It is, therefore, a multi-professional environment based on a modus operandi of research and knowledge generation in a continuous and real-time manner. In this context, education and literacy are crucial for patients and health professionals. 5 the


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Preface Part I. Short Design Course: 1. A Method for Solving System Design Problems Rational Functions The Closed Loop System S Designable Transfer Function A System Design Problem The Method Exercises 2. Internal Stability Control and Stability Interpolation Systems With a Stable Plant Exercises 3. Frequency Domain Performance Requirements Introduction Measures of Performance Piecing Together Disk Inequalities More Performance Measures A Fully Constrained Problem 4. Optimization Review of Concepts Generating a Performance Function Finding T With Best Performance Acceptable Performance Functions Performance Not of Circular Type Optimization Internal Stability and Optimization Exercises 5. A Design Example With OPTDesign Introduction The Problem Optimization With OPTDesign Producing a Rational Compensator How Good is the Answer? Optimality Diagnostics Specifying Compensator Roll-off Reducing the Numerical Error Rational Fits Exercises Part II. More on Design: 6. Examples Numerical Practicalities Design Example 1 Time Domain Performance Requirements Design Example 2 Performance for Competing Constraints 7. Internal Stability Calculating Interpolants Plants With Simple RHP Zeros and Poles Parameterization. The General Case Exercises References and Further Reading Part III. Appendices: Appendix A. History and Perspective Appendix B. Getting OPTDesign and Anopt Appendix C. Anopt Notebook Appendix D. NewtonInterpolant Notebook Appendix E. NewtonFit Notebook.


A diazonio group has been introduced into the outer (13-)position of 5-substituted [2.2]metacyclophanes (MCPs) (3). The absorption maxima of the substituted [2.2]MCP diazonium salts are bathochromically shifted from those of unsubstituted reference compounds. Stability constants (log Ks) of the complexation between the [2.2]MCP diazonium salts have been measured in order to estimate their cationic character. When log Ks for [2.2]MCP diazonium salts which carry the functional groups are plotted against Brown–Okamoto's substituent constant (σp+) for them, a linear relationship is obtained. This result establishes that the electronic effect of the functional group is transmittable between two aromatic rings in [2.2]MCPs through a transannular interaction.


We present a memory efficient implementation of transmission line modeling (TLM)-based adjoint sensitivities. In the original theory, all the transmission line voltage impulses are stored for all the perturbed cells at each time step for both the original and adjoint simulations. This storage can be extensive especially for problems with dielectric discontinuities. We show that only 10% of this storage is required to estimate the adjoint sensitivities with the same accuracy. Our technique exploits a factorization of the scattering matrix that eliminates redundancies in the stored impulses. This technique is illustrated through a three dimensional example that incorporates multiple parameters.


Current studies in soundscape research indicate that the relationship between users of spaces and their soundscapes is influenced by users' activities as well as their characteristics (including age). However, few studies have focused on researching this influence in a systematic manner. Based on psycholinguistic theories on the existence of two auditory strategies (holistic hearing and descriptive listening), this paper describes a methodology for getting a deeper understanding of the effect of activity on the description and evaluation of their soundscapes by means of a soundwalk performed with participants of various age groups in a number of public spaces in Amsterdam. The proposed procedure is as follows: we divide participants recruited beforehand into four groups and ask them to perform an activity combining different levels of social interaction and dynamism: walking and talking, sitting and talking, sitting alone and walking alone. We afterwards ask the participants to complete an on-site questionnaire (in Dutch), combining free responses with scales, that allows users to describe and evaluate their soundscapes during their activity, and also provide demographic and personal data. We briefly discuss a data analysis strategy, combining statistical tests with a linguistic analysis of the written corpus (focusing on syntax, morphology and semantics). The methodology described in this paper can contribute to studies that support the process of making cities cater to the needs of more diverse groups of users, by focusing on urban dwellers of various ages and offering insight into their urban auditory experiences.


We have studied the effect of plasma excitation frequency on the properties of plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon nitride films. The use of two radio‐frequency sources, one at 270 kHz and the other at 13.56 MHz, enabled us to vary film properties such as stress by altering the amount of power supplied by each source. The low‐frequency excitation was seen to favor the formation of N—H bonds in the deposited film. The relative amounts of N—H and Si—H bonds in the film were found to determine many of the film properties such as stress, conduction and wet etch rate.


This paper provides a uniform analysis for the interpretations of indirect mention-some questions and indirect mention-all questions. The main goal of this paper is to characterize the readings that are sensitive to false answers, which are usually called "intermediately exhaustive" readings in the case of mention-all. To capture mention-some grammatically, I adopt Fox's (2013) view that "completeness" amounts to Max-informativity, not exhaustiveness. Next, I argue that the "sensitivity to false answers" in direct questions is a matter of quality, not a result of exhaustification (compare Klinedinst & Rothschild 2011). Finally, I present a principled explanation as to why some false answers are more tolerated than the others.


A study of the interface quality in ultra-scaled omega-gate nanowire NMOSFETs, with variant technological boosters, is presented by low-frequency noise (LFN) measurements. Excellent quality of the interfaces has been achieved down to narrow width (10nm), and whatever the technological splits. In particular, efficient tensile stressor has been demonstrated with high performance enhancement and preserved noise performance fulfilling the ITRS 1/f LFN road map.


The structural behaviour of Cu5Si under high-pressure (HP) has been studied by angular dispersive X-ray diffraction up to 49.9 GPa. The experimental results suggest that a pressure-induced isostructural phase transition occurs around 13.5 GPa as revealed by a discontinuity in volume as a function of pressure. The lattice parameter decreases with the pressure increasing for both low-pressure (LP) and HP phases of Cu5Si. However, a plot of the lattice parameter vs. pressure shows the existence of a plateau between 11.7 and 15.3 GPa. The bulk moduli, derived from the fitting of Birch–Murnaghan equation of state, are 150(2) GPa and 210(3) GPa for the LP phase and the HP phase of Cu5Si, respectively. A change in the electronic state of the copper is assumed to govern the observed structural phase transition.


(S3)E⊆E★ and (E★)★=E★. We shall denote the set of semistar operations (resp. the set of star operations) on D by SStar (D) (resp. Star (D)) as in [5]. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate semistar operations on conducive domains. We also study the number of semistar operations. We shall denote the cardinality of a set X by |X| and the symbol⊂means "proper inclusion" . Throughout this paper, D denotes an integral domain with quotient field K and D the integral closure of D. Furthermore we always assume D≠K. Any unexplained terminology is standard, as in [7].


Abstract Fabrication and characteristics of Schottky gated field effect transistors (FETs) and visible electroluminescent (EL) diodes utilizing poly(3-alkylthiophene)s have been presented. The FETs show typical enhancement type metal-semiconductor FET characteristics. Large temperature dependence and gas-sensitivity have been found for poly(3-alkylthiophene) FETs. Visible red-orange poly(3-alkylthiophene) EL diodes have been successfully fabricated utilizing poly(3-alkylthiophene)s with long alkyl-side-chain. The emission intensity increases with increasing alkyl-side-chain length. Current-emission intensity characteristics show super-linear increase of the emission intensity with increasing injection current. Temperature dependence of emission intensity has been discussed. Camer mobility has also been evaluated from the pulse response of the emission.


This article documents the history of black male surfers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and explores the ways in which the figure of the 'Zulu surfer' has assumed a range of meanings from the mid-1960s to the present. The appropriation of the iconography of Zuluness by the (white) mainstream surfing community means the Zulu surfer has had an ambivalent presence in surfing histories. The Zulu surfer was historically co-opted by (white) surfing as a form of staged exoticism, echoing similar tropes of the fascination with the Other in international surfing. On the other hand, the image of the 'Zulu surfer' has in more recent years been appropriated by young black male surfers in KwaZulu-Natal, as an expression of a subcultural lifestyle and identification. In the film Otelo Burning these meanings of Zulu surfing are sometimes in conflict. Despite the projected progressive politics of Otelo Burning, I argue, the black surfers in the film do not entirely escape the tropes associated with the eclectic exoticization of Zulu masculinity.


Abstract : The Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program (NREIP) has charged the Arctic Patrol Vessel Team with the task of designing an Arctic Patrol Vessel (APV) in the Center for Innovation and Ship Design at Carderock, West Bethesda. The APV must conduct long endurance patrol missions in the Arctic, where it will detect and interdict foreign vessels and be resilient to the harsh environment of the area. Requirements developed for the APV include an endurance of approximately 7,000 nautical miles, a minimum operating temperature of -40 degrees F, operation in sea state 6 and survivability in sea state 8, operation in the Marginal Ice Zone, and resistance to topside icing. The APV is a Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH) ship with a full load displacement of 6,482 long tons and a top speed of 20 knots. While a SWATH ship has not been tested in heavy ice packs, the advantages a SWATH brings in seakeeping make up for any range lost from not being able to perform as an ice breaking ship. The APV is powered by a twin Azipod system, which improves fuel efficiency and maneuverability. A diesel-electric system provides the APV's power, featuring four diesel generator sets. This system allows the APV to turn different engine and generator sets on and off to achieve the required power for a specific mission and reduce fuel consumption. To reduce topside icing, the deck and superstructure are designed to prevent ice formation, deck equipment is enclosed, and an AEMS houses radar and sensors. Additionally, a heat exchanger system was examined for assistance in heating the main deck, equipment enclosures, railings, and the AEMS. The APV's detection systems include sonar and radar systems. Its weapons include a 57mm gun and a Close-In Weapons System. It carries a helicopter, unmanned air vehicles, a patrol boat, and a rescue boat for various missions.


The article deals with the problem of reforming land relations in the issue of abolishing land categories and the transition to territorial zoning. The authors analyzed the current land legislation and the stages of reforming the regulatory framework in the field of land relations in the Russian Federation. The analysis of the proposed changes in the course of reforming a number of regulatory and legislative acts. A scheme for transforming land categories into territorial zones is proposed, according to the draft federal law. Proposals have been developed to improve the quality of the process under study, in relation to agricultural land, in order to develop a sequence of measures when introducing a draft law on the transition from land categories to territorial zoning.


Hepatic copper levels differ among patients with Wilson disease (WD) and normal individuals depending on the dietary intake, copper bioavailability, and genetic factors. Copper chloride (CuCl2) caused dose‐dependent reduction in cell viability of human teratocarcinoma (HepG2) cell line, measured using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of CuCl2 in log doses and maximum cell viability reduction was recorded at 15 µg/mL. Toxic dose of CuCl2 is potent inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apoptosis as a pattern of cell death was confirmed through sub‐G1 fraction and morphological changes such as mitochondrial depolarization, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal destabilization, phosphatidylserine translocation, and DNA damage. Our transcriptional and translational results strongly support apoptotic cell death. Using the available data present in dbSNP and bioinformatics tools, three nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) were identified as deleterious, reducing the stability of protein ATP7B. Structural analysis of native and mutant ATP7B proteins was investigated using molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) approach. Mutation in ATP7B gene might disturb the structural conformation and catalytic function of the ATP7B protein may be inducing WD. Hence, excess dietary intake of copper chloride must be avoided for safety of health to prevent from WD.


Diagrams, such as the Schaeffler and DeLong diagrams, have been used to assist in the proper selection and use of austenitic filler materials and to predict weld metal microstructures and properties. These diagrams have been very successful in predicting the amount of delta ferrite in stainless steel weld metal. This paper is concerned with the predictability of austenitic weld metal microstructure and properties over a larger compositional range. In this paper, new expressions are introduced to predict the martensite start room temperature composition or the martensite start temperature. Some of these high manganese ferrous alloys are the basis for the new ''no chromium'' stainless steel. Various available diagrams, which allow for the prediction of weld metal microstructure, are given.


Diaphorase and 2-amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone as an enzyme and a mediator for NADH oxidation, respectively, were successfully co-immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode with poly-L-lysine and glutaraldehyde as a polymer support and a cross-linking reagent, respectively. The diffusion-controlled oxidation of NADH (10 mM) was achieved around −0.25 V vs Ag|AgCl|KCl(sat.).


Summary

We consider the induction of electric currents in a thin uniformly conducting hemispherical shell by axisymmetric time-varying fields. A method of successive approximation to the solution is developed; the first approximation corresponds to the perfectly conducting shell. Using the vector potential of the fields, the first and second approximations are obtained for certain external fields. The results for the first approximation agree with those obtained by Ashour using the scalar potential. However, the analysis given here is simpler.

The results are applied to electromagnetic induction in a large ocean and to the effect of the concentration of the induced currents near the edge. For variations of periods up to 24 h, the second approximation is found adequate. The calculations made for a varying field of 24 h period show that the vertical component of the induced field is enhanced near the coastline in both sea and land, and is reversed in direction on crossing the coast. The horizontal (tangential) component of the field is enhanced near the edge in the sea.


An experimental investigation of the effect of surface vibration on spray evaporative cooling has been undertaken using a dynamic test rig. The horizontal circular test section involved a spray nozzle on top of a shaker being shaking at different frequencies and amplitudes to examine the effect of vibration on the nucleate boiling regime. The combination of the two-phase spray cooling and dynamic surface conditions has not previously been studied. The results clearly show that dynamic surface conditions influence nucleate boiling. In general, the evidence shows that vibration impedes heat transfer. The influence of amplitude and frequency are shown however not to have the same trend for all the excess temperatures. Depending on the mechanism, combinations of amplitude and frequency can either increase or decrease the heat transfer coefficient compared with the static cooling surface.


More than 90% of patients with diabetes mellitus receive their care from primary care physicians. This compact slide show provides visual presentations of a range of DM-related problems.


Objectives: This study aimed to classify latent groups based on the developmental trajectories of prosocial behavior in early childhood. In addition, it aimed to verify whether peer play interactions (play interaction, play disruption, and play disconnection) and self-control during preschool years have significant influences on the classification of latent groups.Methods: This study included 1,201 children(617 males, 51.4%; 584 females, 48.6%) drawn from the 7th, and 9th-11th waves of the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC). Latent class growth modeling was used to analyze the data.Results: The patterns of changes in prosocial behavior in early childhood were classified into three groups: high-increasing, moderate-stable, and low-decreasing. Among the predictors, play interaction, play disruption, and self-control significantly affected the classification of the latent groups. Specifically, children who exhibited high levels of play interaction and low levels of play disruption during the preschool years were more likely to belong to the high-increasing group, indicating a more positive prosocial behavior. However, those with low self-control were more likely to belong to the low-decreasing group, showing a relatively negative developmental trajectory of prosocial behavior.Conclusion: This study confirmed heterogeneities in the developmental trajectories of prosocial behavior in early childhood, differentially predicted by preschool-age peer interaction qualities and self-regulation. The findings highlight the importance of taking a comprehensive approach in early childhood education to enhance children's prosocial behavior development utilizing both interpersonal and intrapersonal factors during preschool years.


Plasma nitriding is a surface modification process that uses glow discharge to diffuse nitrogen atoms into the metallic matrix of different materials. Among the many possible parameters of the process, the gas mixture composition plays an important role, as it impacts directly the formed layer's microstructure. In this work an AISI 4140 steel was plasma nitrided under five different gas compositions. The plasma nitriding samples were characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy, microhardness test, X-ray diffraction and GDOES. The results showed that there are significant microstructural and morphological differences on the formed layers depending on the quantity of nitrogen and methane added to the plasma nitriding atmosphere. Thicknesses of 10, 5 and 2.5 µm were obtained when the nitrogen content of the gas mixtures were varied. The possibility to obtain a compound layer formed mainly by γ'-Fe4N nitrides was also shown. For all studied plasma nitriding conditions, the presence of a compound layer was recognized as being the responsible to hinder the decarburization on the steel surface. The highest value of surface hardness - 1277HV - were measured in the sample which were nitrided with 3vol.% of CH4.


Because of rising dependency on fossil fuels, and rising amounts of toxic gases in the environment, it found that people are in need of a way to ensure the safety specifically those that live in cities. An approach is suggested in this paper, that is economical yet affords good detection, and can give accurate readings that can be analyzed and manipulated, and can even provide warnings through sending emails. These requirements are found in the Raspberry Pi when it hooked up to the sensors. This paper was focused on few dangerous gases such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and other gases. The results in this paper showed that some gases, specifically CO, may be a problem in Kuwait as it is always slightly below the warning level. The success with the Raspberry Pi and the results were encouraging to open the way for much improvement in the future.


The resveratrol (Res) contents of the freeze-dried Polygonum cuspidatum (one of Chinese traditional medicine) extracted with 70% ethanol solution (0.7EtOH) were first investigated in this study. The Res contents, anti-oxidative (DPPH-free-radicalscavenging effect) and anti-tyrosinase activities of the EEPC and WEPC dilutions of freeze-dried P. cuspidatum extracts diluted with 0.7EtOH and RO water, respectively, were also studied and compared with those of commercial 50%and 98%-purity Res. Finally, the anti-tyrosinase activities of the EEPC and WEPC dilutions added with various purity (50%, 98%) Res were investigated. Among the EEPC and WEPC dilutions of the freeze-dried P. cuspidatum extracts (FDPCE), the DPPH-scavenging effects of EEPCs first gradually increased to a certain value as increasing their sample concentrations or Res contents. When the sample concentration was over 125 ?慊/mL, the value of DPPH-scavenging effect of EEPC was kept at around 95%, which was higher than those (about 93% and 90%) of 50% and 98% Res, respectively. The value of DPPH-scavenging effect of WEPC was below 60% and shown in random pattern. When the sample concentration was over 25 ?慊/mL, the value of DPPH-scavenging effect became lower than those of 50% and 98% Res. For the EEPCs of FDPCE, the anti-tyrosinase activities gradually increased up to a certain value as increasing their sample concentrations. The value of the anti-tyrosinase activity (%) of EEPC was about 87%, which was higher than those of 50% and 98% Res, when the sample concentration was over 100 ?慊/mL. For the 0.7EtOH dilutions of 50% and 98% Res, the anti-oxidative activities first increased up to the maximum values and then decreased as increasing their sample concentrations or Res contents. The maximum values were close to 88-90% when the sample concentrations or Res contents were close to 10-25 ? 慊/mL or 15 ?慊/mL, respectively. The values of the anti-tyrosinase activities of WEPCs were gradually increased as increasing their sample concentrations or Res contents, but the values were below 30%. However, the anti-oxidative activities of 50%, 98% and 99% Res diluted with RO water first increased to some certain values and then decreased as increasing their sample concentrations. For the individual or both addition of 50% and 98% Res in EEPC, the anti-tyrosinase activity values decreased as increasing Res addition concentrations or contents. The inhibition effects of 50% and 98% Res addition were not increased as synergistic effect as expected maybe due to the ethanol denaturation of tyrosinase by adding 0.7EtOH. The anti-tyrosinase activity values for the individual addition of 50% or 98% Res in WEPC increased as increasing Res addition concentrations or contents, and were shown in little synergistic effect. However, the values for both addition of 50% and 98% Res in WEPCs over 50 ?慊/mL, were not shown in synergistic effect and decreased as increasing Res addition concentrations or contents. This unexpected result may be due to the over content of Res in WEPC. Therefore, it is not necessary to increase the anti-tyrosinase activity value for the over high addition of Res.


Long-range transport of polluted air masses can significantly affect surface PM10 levels. PM10 daily-average ponderal values are inadequate to investigate the occurrence of such phenomena and consequently do not give significant information for source apportionment. In this work the analysis of aerosol size spectra and the study of the correlation of the fine and coarse modes of PM have been applied to individuate long-range transport episodes of polluted air masses. Dust-models and backward-trajectory analysis were supportive to local surface measurements of size distribution of PM in confirming the origins of remote sources of pollution. An application is discussed involving long range transport over Italy of desert dust, comparatively examined with a fine-PM pollution episode due to local sources. For the covering abstract see ITRD E141518.


In this reply, the authors point out that the simulations reported by S. M. Kanne. D. A. Balota, D. H. Spieler, and M. E. Faust (1996) did not incorporate mechanisms proposed to explain set size effects in J. D. Cohen, K. Dunbar, and J. L. McClelland (1990). The authors report a new simulation that incorporates these mechanisms and more accurately simulates S. M. Kanne et al.'s empirical data. The authors then point to other factors that could be explored in a more complete test of their model. The use of feed-forward rather than recurrent inhibition is discussed as a potentially important limitation of their original model. and recent work addressing this issue is described. The authors also discuss possible differences between word reading and color naming in the Stroop task. Although such differences may exist, the authors retain their earlier view that such differences do not reflect a dichotomy between automatic and controlled processing.


In spite of its significance for everyday and philosophical discourse, the explanatory connective 'because' has not received much treatment in the philosophy of logic. The present paper develops a logic for 'because' based on systematic connections between 'because' and the truth-functional connectives.


Objective
To explore the application effect of the notion of fast-track surgery in treating rotator cuff tear under arthroscopy.

Methods
Thirty-seven patients with rotator cuff tear admitted by joint surgery department of Xianning Central Hospital, from February 2015 to August 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were diagnosed with rotator cuff tear alone before operation and underwent rotator cuff suture repair under arthroscopy. These patients were randomly divided into fast-track surgery (FTS) group and traditional rehabilitation group (TRG): 19 cases in FTS group (10 males and nine females)with an average age of (43±9) years (22-60 years); 18 cases in TRG group(11 males and seven females) with an average age of (42±8) years old (19-63 years). These two groups were compared in terms of Constant score, the rating scale of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), the University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA), patients' satisfaction and length of stay after operation at one week, one month and three months follow-ups, respectively.

Results
The Constant-Murley score, ASES score, UCLA score and patient's satisfaction at one week of FTS group were significantly higher than those in the TRG group(t=2.217, t=2.255, t=2.457, t=2.537, P 0.05). The Constant-Murley score, ASES score, UCLA score and patient's satisfaction at three months after operation of FTS group were much higher than those of TRG group (t=1.873, t=1.737, t=1.984, t=1.483, P<0.05).

Conclusion
The application of the notion of fast-track surgery in treating rotator cuff tear under arthroscopy can effectively promote patients' early rehabilitation after operation, improve their shoulder joint scores, reduce their hospital stays and enhance their satisfaction.

Key words:
Rehabilitation; Arthroscopy; Rotator cuff; Wounds and injuries


3936 Retrieval Number: D8057118419/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D8057.118419 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication  Abstract: In this paper, a new approach to assess the skew angle for scanned/printed documents and historical document images has been proposed. This is substantial for an automatic document processing system (as text and image segmentation) to avert errors in auxiliary stages. The proposed tactic is based on the statistical analysis of the slope of the connected lines in the document. The proposed technique detects skew and corrects it by initial letter (X1, Y1+200) from left margin of the resized (800X800) image and (X1+200, Y1) from top margin. Final letter (X2, Y2-200) and (X2-200, Y2) were chosen from right and bottom margins of the same image. The skew angle estimation is done for standard skewed dataset and effective correction of the same is performed with minimum errors.


It's a realistic difficult problem about how to improve the positioning accuracy and the reliability of RAIM algorithms, on the situation that there are not enough available satellites. This dissertation puts forward RAIM algorithms with the elevation information in the areas as marine navigation. Through this method, the information redundancy can be increased. With only 3 satellites, we can realize positioning calculating. With 5 satellites, we can identify one-faulty satellite. With 6 satellites, we can identify simultaneous two-faulty satellites. According to the simulation analysis, this method can effectively improve the availability of fault detection of RAIM algorithms for one-faulty satellite and two-faulty satellites. In practice, it has profound guiding significance for the improvement of the positioning accuracy and the reliability of the receiver.


This article discusses various passages in John of Garland's Epithalamium Beatae Virginis Mariae, primarily cases where the text or Italian translation of Antonio Saiani (1995) can be improved. An appendix lists some sources and similia not identified by Saiani.


Abstract : The ability to project our military forces to any theater of conflict effectively is the only way to assure their credibility and their ability to act as a deterrent. The conflict in Southwest Asia provided us with an opportunity to analyze our strategic lift capabilities against just the type of challenge that strategists see the United States most likely having to face in the future. Only the ready availability of foreign flag shipping, the hesitancy of the Iraqis to initiate hostilities, and the unique characteristics of Saudi Arabia kept our lack of surge sealift capability from seriously limiting the deployment of U.S. forces.


A design strategy based on geometric analysis of linker shape and flexibility is developed in the context of achieving predictable topology of tetratopic-linker based Zr microporous coordination polymers (MCPs). Tetratopic linkers are categorized into tetrahedral, planar square, or planar rectangular groups based on symmetry with an emphasis on linker flexibility. A prediction framework solely based on linker shape and cluster connectivity derived from this strategy is applied to all 18 reported tetratopic-linker based Zr MCPs, and their determined topologies fit well into the scheme. Two new Zr MCPs (UMCM-312 and UMCM-313) are produced using designed linkers based on the strategy to test the robustness of prediction. UMCM-312 contains a biphenyl-core based tetratopic linker to target tetrahedral shape, and UMCM-313 takes advantage of a perylene based tetratopic linker to achieve rectangular shape. The experimentally determined topologies confirm predictions. It is thus demonstrated that the uncertainty o...


This paper offers a summary of DOE, NRC, State of Nevada, and other scholarship that demonstrates both vulnerability and significant consequences relative to potential terrorist attacks on shipments of SNF and HLW. The paper offers suggestions for future response planning and training, recognizing the profound changes that have resulted in the post-September 11, 2001 social world.


This paper examines the impacts of the 1996 Housing Act on homelessness policy and practice in England and Wales. It begins by setting out the national context within which the Act was framed, highlighting some key motivations for reforming homelessness legislation and responses to the proposed changes. Attention is then given to the principal provisions of the 1996 Act. The main body of the paper draws on a national survey of, and in-depth interviews with local authority homelessness officers to explore the impact of the 1996 Act on local homelessness policies and practices, on homeless households and on the extent to which homelessness is regarded as a problem. The paper ends by looking at the changes in dealing with homelessness introduced by the current Labour Government and at the additional measures required for the problem to be tackled effectively.


The paper deals with amoebas of k-dimensional algebraic varieties in the algebraic complex torus of dimension n ≥ 2k. First, we show that the area of complex algebraic curve amoebas is nite. Moreover, we give an estimate of this area in the rational curve case in terms of the degree of the rational parametrization coordinates. We also show that the volume of the amoeba of k-dimensional algebraic variety in (C∗)n, with n ≥ 2k, is nite.


The long‐term durability is a considerable challenge for the use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). In order to solve this problem, introduction of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) short fibers in functionally graded system is employed to strengthen the durability of TBCs. Four coatings are deposited on In738LC substrate by atmospheric plasma spray (APS). Thermal cycling behaviors and fiber toughening mechanisms of coatings are systematically studied. Result shows that the thermal cycling lifetime of graded TBCs with the addition of fibers can reach 406 ± 21 at 850 °C, which increases by 60% compared to that of typical APS YSZ TBCs. Moreover, the improvement of lifetime mainly attributes to the fiber breakage, the fiber‐matrix interface debonding, and the crack deflection.


Hongmei He (Intelligent System Lab, University of Bristol): Soft Computing Approaches Under the Framework of Hierarchical Decision Making or Classification System With the development of AI, we can see there are a surprising number of the brain functions of the human Intelligent System (IS) are quite similar to those of an artificial IS, since most artificial ISs are modelled through naturally emulating human intelligence. A wide variety of approaches have been utilised in the functional design of artificial ISs. For example, fuzzy logic for robustness, decision trees for the transparency of reasoning, machine learning for knowledge learning, semantics for understandability, probabilistic reasoning, and neural computing, etc.


NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE DIAGNOSIS. A variety of newer diagnostic procedures based around the use of molecular technologies are now being undertaken to further characterise the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus enabling a deeper understanding to be gained of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of this disease. Such approaches have categorically identified the carrier state and highlighted the importance of carrier animals in control programmes. Use of the polymerase chain reaction provides even further insight into the carrier animal but interpretation of data has to be undertaken with caution. The role of non-structural proteins can provide further insight into an animals response to both vaccination and natural infection and could provide a basis for separation of the carrier state. Finally the pivotal role of monoclonal antibodies in all aspects of FMD research is now clear and these highly specific reagents are now being used for a variety of research and diagnostic purposes within the FMD field.


We have carried out model calculations for the electronic properties of point perturbations at the relaxed GaAs(110) surface. The calculations are based on the tight‐binding scattering theoretical method for semi‐infinite solids. Ga and As vacancies at or near the surface and in the bulk crystal are discussed in terms of vacancy‐induced changes in the local density of states. Comparison with the results of other vacancy calculations is made. H adsorption was investigated by studying a model system consisting of an atomic s level coupled to the GaAs(110) substrate. We discuss our results in terms of local densities of states at the adsorbate and at the nearest‐neighbor substrate atom. Substrate‐mediated interactions between different vacancies or between different adsorbed atoms are discussed, as well.


In this talk I will discuss non-leptonic B decays, in particular how soft-collinear effective field theory (SCET) can be used to constrain the non-perturbative hadronic parameters required to describe the various observables.


The effect of dopant composition ratio on nonvolatile holographic recording in LiNbO 3∶Cu∶Ce crystals has been investigated experimentally. The results show that the dopant composition ratio affects the performance of nonvolatile holographic recording by altering the ultraviolet light absorption characteristics of the crystals. Increasing the dopant composition ratio of Cu and Ce leads to an increase in the absorption of ultraviolet light and further to an increase in the recording sensitivity and the fixed diffraction efficiency. The maximum values of the fixed diffraction efficiency η f=32% and the recording sensitivity S=0.022 cm/J are measured from a weakly oxidized LiNbO 3∶Ce∶Cu crystal doped with 0 085% CuO and 0 011% Ce 2O 3.


The paper proposes an "a la carte" approach to the rule of law, with a view to helping articulate an analytical scheme for domestic courts resorting to international law. Before rule of law heuristic models, groundwork questions need to be briefly addressed: what does the UN mean by the "international rule of law" and what do recent debates on interlegality teach us in terms of the rule of law. Next, the crux of the paper looks at the various formulations of the rule of law, from to thick understandings, and the highlights the difficulties with a spectrum-type of reasoning. The conclusion: that an "a la carte" heuristic model is most appropriate for rationalising interlegality.


An integrated application framework is described suitable for the automatic generation of 3D visualizations and animation based upon sensor, simulator or layout planning data. The principal contribution is the introduction of the term animation element and the description of the underlying concept. The technical innovation is the object-oriented design of animation elements integrating geometry and individual, object-speci c behavior. Animation elements build an object-oriented framework as the elements may be customized for a speci c application. Moreover, a framework for implementing appropriate animation and visualization tools has been developed.


BACKGROUND
NF-kappaB p65 was shown to inhibit transcription of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis in the liver. To understand the mechanism of action of NF-kappaB p65, we investigated the nuclear receptor corepressor in the regulation of PEPCK transcription.

METHODS
Rat H4IIE cells, human hepatoma HepG2 cells and human embryo kidney (HEK) 293 cells were used in this study. The transcriptional activity of a rat PEPCK gene promoter (-490/+100) was analyzed in HepG2 cells, a HepG2 super suppressor IkBalpha (ssIkBalpha) stable cell line, and HEK 293 cells. The effects of p65 and ssIkBalpha on a rat PEPCK gene promoter were observed using the PEPCK luciferase reporter system. The interaction of the cAMP-response- element-binding (CREB) protein, histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and silencing mediator for retinoic and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) with the PEPCK gene promoter were investigated using the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. p65 cotransfection and RNAi-mediated gene knockdown were used to determine the corepressor involved in the inhibition of PEPCK by NF-kappaB p65 and the transcriptional regulation of CREB by NF-kappaB p65.

RESULTS
NF-kappaB p65 inhibited PEPCK expression and the inhibition was blocked by ssIkBalpha. The inhibitory effect of p65 was completely blocked in a HepG2 stable cell line in which ssIkBalpha was expressed. HDAC3 or SMRT knockdown led to a significant up-regulation of PEPCK reporter activity in the presence of p65 cotransfection. In the ChIP assay the interaction of HDAC3 and SMRT with the PEPCK gene promoter was induced by p65 activation, but the CREB signal was reduced. Transcriptional activity of CREB was inhibited by NF-kappaB p65 cotransfection. The inhibitory effect of NF-kappaB p65 was blocked by HDAC3 RNAi or SMRT RNAi.

CONCLUSIONS
The study showed that the inhibition of PEPCK by NF-kappaB p65 was dependent on HDAC3 and SMRT, which form a nuclear corepressor complex for transcriptional inhibition. The transcription factors NF-kappaB p65 and CREB share the same corepressor HDAC3-SMRT, and the corepressor exchange leads to inhibition of PEPCK gene transcription by NF-kappaB p65.


The physiological roles of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expressed in the microglia/macrophages of the injured spinal cord have not yet been clarified. mRNA expression of chemokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1, was evoked within 1 hr after transection of the spinal cord, and GDNF mRNA expression was similarly up‐regulated. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that GDNF was coexpressed with MCP‐1 in the CD11b‐positive cells. Therefore, we examined further the effects of GDNF on cultured rat peritoneal macrophages. GDNF enhanced the phagocytic activity of the macrophages via GFRα‐1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored specific binding site of GDNF, in a c‐Ret‐independent manner. The influence of autocrine and/or paracrine GDNF synthesis was evaluated by performing activation experiments using macrophages cultured from heterozygous (+/−) GDNF gene‐deficient mice or wild‐type (+/+) mice. There were no morphological differences dependent on genetic types or stimulators. However, the GDNF mRNA level, but not the MCP‐1 or GFRα‐1 mRNA level, was substantially lower in the mutant macrophages than in the +/+ cells irrespective of stimulation with MCP‐1 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The phagocytic activity enhanced by MCP‐1 or LPS was significantly lower in the mutant cells (+/−) than in the +/+ ones, demonstrating the involvement of endogenous GDNF in the activation processes of macrophages in vitro and suggesting that not only neuroprotective function but also activation of macrophages is effected by the GDNF produced after a spinal cord injury. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The family of Calibra Dental Cements by DENTSPLY Caulk provides three different options for adhesive resins. Each of them allows for fast tack curing without the added stress caused by concerns about over curing.
DPR talked to Dr. Phillip Kemp about his experience with DENTSPLY's Calibra
Dental Cements.


In this paper, a MatLab-based toolbox to simulate Linear-Quadratic Mean-Field-Type Games (MFTGs) is presented. The toolbox consists of a first version that considers three different approaches for the one-dimensional case, i.e., Non-Cooperative, Fully-Cooperative and Co-opetitive MFTG scenarios are presented. In order to illustrate the use of the aforementioned tools, several examples are shown and the files corresponding to the developed functions are provided.


Objective To evaluate the clinical significance, and middle and long clinical outcomes of patellofemoral arthroplasty for the treatment of severe patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Methods Between January 1991 to July 1999, we studied retrospectively the outcomes of patellofemoral arthroplasty using the prosthesis (type Y-L-Q) designed by us in 39 patients (48 knee joints) with severe patellofemoral os-teoarthritis. There were 6 males (6 knee joints) and 33 females (42 knee joints) with a mean age of 54.4 years (range, 38 to 68 years). The patients were followed up at 3, 6, 12 months and subsequent years (per year) after operation. The evaluate standard was designed by us, which mainly included the symptoms of the patients and the functions of the knee joints. Results All the patients were followed up for average 12.7 years (range, 8 to 16 years). The last follow-up showed the clinical outcomes were: excellent in 29 knees, good in 12, acceptable in 2 and bad in 5. The excellent and good rate was 85.4%.There was no loosening or breakage of the prosthesis and no patellar fracture. 3 patients (5 knee joints) were performed total knee arthroplasty due to the degenerative progression of the knee joints, in which accounted for 10.4%. The mean time interval between the patellofemoral arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty was 9.3 years (range, 7 to 12 years). Conclusion Patellofemoral arthroplasty with the prosthesis designed by us was a simple and effec-tive method for the severe isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis. It could not only eliminate the pain of patel-la, but also delay the time of total knee arthroplasty.

Key words:
Osteoarthritis, knee;  Arthroplasty, replacement, knee;  Prosthesis design


The adsorption of CO2 on several microporous materials has been measured at various temperatures (263, 273, 283, and 293 K) over a wide range of pressures. The porous materials studied were three zeolites (5A, 13A, and 13X), two metal–organic frameworks (Basolite A100 and Basolite Z1200), an activated carbon, and two pillared clays (Al-PILC and Zr-PILC). The data obtained were fitted to the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Toth isotherms. Various methods were used to calculate the Henry's law constants. The values found for the zeolites, which ranged from 8.95 to 36.02 mmol/kPa·g at 273 K, were much higher than those for the metal–organic frameworks, activated carbon, and pillared clays, which ranged from 0.012 to 0.200 mmol/kPa·g at the same temperature. The isosteric heats of adsorption of CO2 on the materials were calculated using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, and the adsorbent–CO2 affinity was found to increase in the order Z1200 ≈ 13X ≈ 13A < 5A < Zr-PILC < A100 ≈ AC ≈ Al-PILC at low loadings.


Art generates spaces that make changes possible. Antipsychiatry, based on current needs and demands, proposes changes and improvements in the mental health system. This research explores how Art Therapy can enhance antipsychiatric processes to achieve an improvement in the quality of life of people with mental illness. To respond to this approach, we describe an art therapy experience carried out during 8 months in the AFAP mini-residence (Madrid, Spain) with people with mental illness. It includes what happened, the works carried out, the proposals put forward, interviews with different professionals of the center, an art therapist from the workshop and several people with mental illness who were part of the experience. It is concluded that the needs for change exist and become real when giving voice to people with mental illness. Art therapy is one of the resources that can improve the mental health system.


Following the works of Y. Benoist, P. Foulon and F. Labourie \cite{BFL}, and having in mind the standing conjecture about the algebricity of Anosov actions of $\mathbb{R}^k$, we propose some geometrical conditions which generalize the notion of contact structures and prove that Anosov actions associated with such structures are conjugated to an Affine action. We also construct two families of examples, the first one is algebraic in nature, and the second one imposes some dynamical conditions instead of geometrical ones.


Heat-resistant magnesium alloys and their development are reviewed. Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, Mg-RE, Mg-Th, Mg-Ag system alloys, rapid solidification magnesium alloy and magnesium-based composite in heat resistance are introduced. It suggested that Mg-RE system alloys can be rapidly developed because of their excellent heat-resistant property, but the alkaline earth metal elements can partially substitut the expensive RE elements. The heat-resistant phases and structures are very important to those alloys for their high strength and heat-resistant stability at elevated temperatures.


The sensory viscosity of low calorie viscoelastic syrups in the mouth, while pouring out of a bottle, and spreading over a flat surface was satisfactorily estimated from the fundamental physical properties of these fluids. Appropriate sensory perception mechanisms were identified and linked to the operating conditions of each sensory test through psychophysical models. Oral sensory viscosity correlated with the shear stress in the mouth (R2= 0.96) (Kokini et al. 1977); pouring sensory viscosity correlated with the cross sectional area filled by the fluid at the neck of the bottle (R2= 0.86); and spreading sensory viscosity correlated inversely with the radial growth of the spreading fluid puddle (R2= 0.96).


By the thinking of technology roadmap and the needs of regional development planning,the paper expresses the strategic layout of planning with the roadmaps of scientific development,field development,industrial scientific and investigative technology,and assesses the planning with evaluation roadmap to improve the planning of scientific,systematic and guidance.


The utility model discloses a double-layer nickel metal composite electroforming printing screen. The upper layer of the printing screen is an electroformed non-woven silk screen, the lower layer is an electroformed metal pattern membrane, and the non-woven silk screen and the metal pattern membrane are combined as a whole body in an electroforming way. The utility model adopts a non-woven integral silk screen, and the printing mark of the traditional silk screen warp and weft woven knot on the printing stock is avoided; the distortion of the screen dot of the silk screen is small, which is advantageous for the enhancement of the printing precision and the stability; the superior surface smooth performance can realize the film printing which can not be reached by the traditional woven screen; the hardness of the nickel surface is high, and the brushability and the refractoriness are excellent.


Background There is limited information on changes over time in programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods PD-L1 expression was assessed in paired tumor samples collected at different time points from the same patient using a prototype immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay with the 22C3 antibody. PD-L1 strong and weak positivity were defined to be traceable to the 1% and 50% cutoffs used in the clinical trial version of the assay. Concordance of PD-L1 expression between samples was analyzed by treating the IHC proportional score as a continuous and categorical variable. Results 90 patients were included (73 from Korea, 17 from Denmark). 75% were male, 37% had squamous cell carcinoma, and 83% had stage I-IIIA disease. 97% of first samples and 53% of second samples were from lung. 89% and 63%, respectively, were surgical samples, with a median interval of 20.9 months (range, 0.1-94.0) between collection dates; 91% of paired samples were collected >3 months apart. A significant correlation of the PD-L1 IHC proportional score was observed for the paired samples (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.62; P Conclusion Although a significant correlation of the PD-L1 IHC proportional score was observed, this preliminary analysis suggested a discordance rate of 44% between initial and subsequent NSCLC tumor samples when patients were categorized by PD-L1 expression level. Similar results were observed when analyzing paired melanoma samples. This discordance should be considered if PD-L1 expression is used for selection of enrollment in clinical trials. Table. Concordance of PD-L1 Expression in Paired NSCLC Samples (N = 90) Citation Format: Jhingook Kim, Steffen Filskov Sorensen, Yoon-La Choi, Zhen (Adelle) Wang, Jong-Mu Sun, Hyejoo Choi, Jeanette Baehr Georgsen, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, Kenneth Emancipator, Dianna Y. Wu, Peter Meldgaard, Wei Zhou, Henrik Hager. PD-L1 expression in paired non-small cell lung cancer tumor samples. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 570. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-570


Photolysis of Cp'Fe(CO) 2 SiMe 2 SiMe(OMe) 2 (Cp'=η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) afforded the novel donor-stabilized bis(silylene)iron complexes (Me 2 Si)[Cp'Fe(CO)][SiMe(OMe)]--OMe, 3b and 3b', as a pair of geometrical isomers in ca. 2:1 ratio. The X-ray crystal structure of 3b shows very short Fe-Si bonds (2.21 and 2.22 A), fairly long Si-O(trivalent) bonds (1.79 and 1.80 A), and an almost planar configuration of the iron atom and terminal methoxy or methyl groups at each silicon


Abstract: The plant names phyllanthus emblica linn (Amla) are very precious gift of nature which have a vital role in health care. Nowadays, use of herbal product become most important for humans over the world. This drug is very useful for the treatment of disease. The most important part of this plant (phyllanthus emblica) is fruit. Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (syn. Emblica officinalis), commonly known as Indian gooseberry or amla, belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. Though all parts of the plant are used for medicinal purposes, the fruits especially are found tremendous pharmacological applications. They are highly nutritious and form an important dietary source of vitamin C, amino acids, and minerals. Emblica Officinalis Plant is reported to have diverse Pharmacological actions like Adaptogenic Activity, Hepatoprotective Activity, Anti-Bacterial Activity, Anti-Hyperlipidemia Activity, Hypolipidemic Activity, Anti-Atherogenic Activity, Immunostimulatory Activity, Anti-oxidant Activity, Anti-Tumor Activity,Anti-Microbial Activity,Chondroprotective Activity, Analgesic Activity, Anti-Inflammatory Activity & AntiDiarreheal Activity. Emblica Officinalis plant is used in the treatments of various ailments. The diverse ailments like cancer, Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, Osteoporosis, Nuerological disorders, Hypertention and other infectious disorders.


In the now remote spring of 1850, there fell from the hands of the State printer of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in North America a "Report of a General Plan for the Promotion of Public and Personal Health." The recommendations contained in this report were eventually to become the charter of public health in America. Among them were recommendations that set the example for the participation of engineers in developing the public health policy of the country. The principal author of this report was Lemuel Shattuck, a Boston bookseller, teacher, and public servant, who had written its more than 500 pages in slightly less than a year. This he had done, furthermore, with the expenditure of but $500. However, Shattuck could never have accomplished this task had he not been able to "drink deeply from the Pierian spring" that welled through the writings and reports of Sir Edwin Chadwick. Sir Edwin he acknowledged to be "the individual to whom, perhaps more than any other, the cause [of sanitary welfare and improvement of the people] was indebted" (1). The substance of Shattuck's document was contained in 50 recommendations, 36 of which,


The so-called moral paralysis refers to the mentality of Dubliners who are stuck in the repressing Dublin and feeling numb,depressed,helpless and empty.This state of mind is spreading to every aspect of the social life in Dublin and has become sort of a collective illness,hard to get by.This article tries to analyze the reflection of the theme of moral paralysis in the depiction of religious life in the Dubliners by studying the characterization,plots and properties in several stories of the book.It is to gain a further understanding of the artistic features of James Joyce and his works.


Procedures and scales were developed for time-sampling 4 aspects of children's non-verbal communicational activity: distance, orientation, position, and visual regard These scales, plus an index of verbalization, were applied to TV-taped recordings of 6 girls and 8 boys, all 4 or 5 yr. old, chosen at random from same-sex, same-age, triads engaged in free play. Scale reliabilities were marginal to excellent. Contrary to prediction, girls maintained greater distance than did boys. Inter-scale correlations were suggestive of other sex differences and provided validation of the general procedures. Regression analyses for each sex indicated that distance behavior was significantly related to a composite of the other communicational behaviors assessed.


Channel allocation is a critical aspect to be addressed in underlay cognitive radios, especially when the upcoming 5G communications are based on the concept of cognitive radio. To ensure an efficient spectrum allocation, the paper presents an efficient channel allocation for optimizing the spectral efficiency using deep neural network. The proposed scheme named as CASE intends to evaluate the efficiency by considering the maximization of efficient spectrum allocation and minimizing computation time in an underlay cognitive radio network (CRN). The CASE system model provides an overall improvement in the spectrum access by 98.47%, 95% and 85% in terms of computation time compared to the existing IRAWCS technique and random scheme.


A new method of ion exchange entitled "thallous ion exchange" (TIE) is proposed without experimental confirmation. First, a zeolite or other porous solid is fully ion exchanged with Tl+ from aqueous solution and fully dehydrated. It is then exposed to the anhydrous vapor of a halide MXn where Mn+ is the incoming cation. The volatile product TlX(g) is easily removed, leaving behind, when successful, the fully cation exchanged material with no other content. During the Mn+ exchange step, the zeolite is in contact only with gases and its container. The Tl+ exchanged zeolite may also be used in solid state ion exchange to yield TlX(g). Although Tl+ is best for this, some other metal cations may be used. Although the halides offer much versatility with relative safety, oxides and organometallic compounds may be used because the Tl2O and R3Tl products are also volatile.


Objective:To observe the changes of somatostatin (SS) level in plasma and gastric juice in dogs after hemorrhagic brain injury,and provide the theoretical basis to the clinical treatment.Methods:The dog model of cerebral hemorrhage was established by injected its anticoagulant blood in its internal capsule,and the changes of SS level in plasma and gastric juice were observed at 1st hour,and 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th,6th,7th day after the injury,the level of SS before injury were also tested as a control group.All samples were collected at fasting time and 30 minutes after meal.Results:①There was a significant difference of SS level between injury and control group,the level of SS in fasting plasma increased at 12 days (at the 2nd day, P 0 01),and returned to normal level at the 6th day.But the increasing tendency was not significant in eating group compared with fasting group as well as the control group (both P 0 05).②The fasting level of SS in gastric juice increased after injury,especially during 12 days,there was still significant difference compared with control group (all P 0 01);and returned to normal on the 5th day,the same changes of the postprandial SS level were still could be observed in gastric juice.Except 24 days after injury,the level of SS in gastric juice in normal group and postprandial injury group were higher than normal fasting group (all P 0 01).③There was no correlation between the changes of SS level in plasma and gastric juice during acute injury phase( r =0 147, P =0 423). Conclusions:The secretion of SS is induced by hemorrhagic brain injury,and SS takes part in the pathologic process of brain injury.


There has been considerable research on combat stress from two World Wars (shell shock in the first, and combat fatigue in the second) and the Korean conflict (zombie reaction). It was the brain washing techniques associated with prisoners of war in Korea that drew attention to the delayed traumatic shock found—and frequently not diagnosed—in Vietnam veterans. Widespread drug escapism and short tours of service led to a low level of combat stress. The lack of esprit de corps among the soldiers in Vietnam and the war's unpopularity at home contributed both to the delayed traumatic disorders and to the reluctance of doctors and society to recognize and treat them.


After considering medical image analysis support, it is one of important factors to assess high-definition image quality for high-definition display. In case of processing recognition and detection of body region and lesion in medical images, it is not enough to judge the only information of still image or some frame images. To find out image content and characteristics more accurately, we need to consider image quality from information obtained by video. In this paper, in the case of changing bit-rate and focusing on image quality for color laparoscopic high-definition video including super-resolution, we carried out the objective assessment experiment by using PSNR, SSIM among frame of image, bit-rate of video. Finally, we discussed with regard to display of medical image.


To describe bone mineral density at the lumbar spine in a group of girls with Turner's syndrome and determine its relation to pubertal development.


Popular notions of media use in North America are historically limited to commercial forms of media and consumption, focusing on consumption rather than communication. Community-based media, however, provide alternative approaches to media use and social communication that can be incorporated into the broader management structures of democratic society.

Community radio is the subject of study through which we explore this problematic. While our airwaves are recognized internationally as the property of mankind, current systems of regulation structurally privilege their use by private and commercial enterprise over that of citizens. In order to address this problematic, we consider the role of national media systems in terms of their communicational relationships with the social body.

This thesis seeks to explore the roles, potentials and limitations of community radio. Our objective is to provide an extensive evaluation of the current state of community radio in Montreal, Quebec and Montevideo, Uruguay and to propose concrete and practical steps towards the further development of this form of media.

 Our work has been conducted in the form of a comparative case study. We perform qualitative analysis of extensive sets of interviews from all licensed community broadcasters in Montreal, twelve recognized community broadcasters in Montevideo and interviews with local communication experts, community radio associations and communications regulators.

During our research, we have become equally intrigued by the potential of the communications researcher to function as a catalyst and intermediary actor in communications policy reform. Thus, our case studies have been performed from a necessarily critical and practical perspective.


To the reporters,the process of creating news is the process of Abstracting news fact,which is the core of news creation.On the basis of possessing news facts,the reporters should look for the highlight of news,make an elaborate plan,and choose new angle and subject.At the same time,the reporters should use the news background to find out the news behind it so that they can find valuable news fact and create the one with fine quality.


having Electric hand tool, in particular angle grinder, angle grinder, with a disc-shaped tool and a removably attachable to the engine housing cover (2) which at least partially engages over the tool and a guard collar (4), wherein the protective hood (2) with its guard collar (4) has a clamping collar of the the machine housing surrounds in the circumferential direction over at least 270 °, where (6) by means of a clamping strip can be clamped, characterized in that the clamping strip (6) radially inwardly extending projections (18) which engages with radially outwardly opening recesses (20) is the guard collar (4) can be brought, so that the clamping band (6) is loosely even in the unstressed state, but captively on the wheel guard collar (4) is held.


In this article, two elementary teacher educators provide a novel approach to building relationships and classroom community in their face to face elementary literacy methods courses. The authors present their classroom practice entitled "Tell Me Time" (TMT), mirroring morning meetings in K–12 settings, as the staple of building classroom community in their courses. They describe how TMT has been used to build student relationships with each other and with instructors through providing unique, personalized opportunities to socialize and connect through listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Threaded throughout, the authors detail specific feedback from students and highlight how TMT has helped students find common ground with one another and made them feel comfortable, cared for, and respected by their instructors. The authors describe the reasons behind implementing TMT, outline specific TMT activities and examples that have been most effective with their students, provide insight into how to integrate technology with TMT, delineate specific steps for successfully implementing TMT, and describe lessons learned from the implementation of TMT.


Two-dimensional simulations of GaAs MESFET's are made in which impact ionization of carriers and impurity compensation by deep levels in semi-insulating substrates are considered. It is shown that in cases with high acceptor densities in the semi-insulating substrates, a steep increase in output conductance with the drain voltage ("kink") arises because holes that are generated by impact ionization flow into the substrates and are captured by the deep levels to modulate the space-charge distributions. In cases with low acceptor densities in the substrates, a sudden increase in drain currents due to conductivity modulation in the substrates is observed. It is concluded that carrier trapping and current transport in the semi-insulating substrate should be taken into account when considering kink effects and/or breakdown phenomena in GaAs MESFET's. >


A two-dimensional model of a screw lattice (2DSL) with asymmetrical interaction forces is pro-posed as an example of a square block lattice more general than the well-known simple squarelattice with centrosymmetrical forces (Kossel crystal). The lattice energy determining the equili-brium is calculated for this model using block repeatable steps of quadrumers. An influence of thedegree of asymmetry of the forces is established on the equilibrium form of a large 2DSL crystal atthe restriction of first and second neighbour's interaction.Ein zweidimensionales Modell (2DSL) eines Schraubengitters mit asymmetrisch wirkendenKraften wird vorgeschlagen als Beispiel eines allgemeinen Quadratblockgitters, welches eine Verall-gemeinerung des bekannten Kossel-Kristalls mit zentrosymmetrischen Kraften darstellt. Die Gitter-energie als der das Gleichgewicht bestimmende Wert wird fur dieses Modell mit Hilfe einer Qua-drumerhalbkristallage berechnet. Der Einfluss des Asymmetriegrades auf die Gleichgewichtsformeines groˇen 2DSL Kristalls wird bestimmt unter Einbeziehung von Kraften zwischen zweitn achstenNachbarn.


ObjectiveTo study sural nerve blood supply from peroneal
artery, and provide anatomic basis for sural nerve graft supplied with branches of peroneal
artery. MethodsAnatomy and perfusion of peroneal artery were studied both in cadavers and in
43 clinical cases. ResultsSural nerve was supplied by 1 to 7 cutaneous branches of the
peroneal artery. During operation, two sections of the sural nerve bled actively. The excellent
and good rate for repairing long nerve deficit was 90.6%.ConclusionThe sural nerve with
peroneal arterial supply is an ideal donor of nerve graft.


INTRODUCTION The enduring image of the 1930s is that of the unemployed man on hunger marches; on street corners; in the dole queue. But, as the Pilgrim Trust made clear, 'Beyond the man in the queue we should always be aware of those two or three at home whom he has to support'. They calculated that the 250,000 long term unemployed were responsible for 170,000 wives and 270,000 young children.1 Within this submerged section of the population the health of, and ultimately the survival rates for, the most vulnerable group women in childbirth and their infants provided a sensitive barometer of the standard of living of the unemployed as a whole and highlighted the extent to which the policies of national and local government recognized selective social responsibility. 'We March Against Starvation'2 proclaimed the banners of the hungermarchers. If starvation was indeed a reality, and not simply rhetoric, it could be expected to be discernible in the social condition of the women and children. In the growing concern of professional medical and social workers, of political organizations for the unemployed, and in the spontaneous action of women themselves, the focus of attention was upon the connection between economic deprivation and infant and maternal mortality. Recent research into the trends in the infant and maternal mortality rates of the 1930s has continued the debate which divided contemporary observers, social investigators and government experts. In 1979 J. M. Winter concluded that 'On this basis [the examination of the data available on infant and maternal mortality], . . . no direct correlation can be made between economic insecurity and the mortality experience of a particularly


This is a research artifact for the paper "Same File, Different Changes: The Potential of Meta-Maintenance on GitHub". This artifact is a data repository including a list of studied 32,007 repositories on GitHub, a list of targeted 401,610,677 files, the results of the qualitative analysis for RQ2, RQ3, and RQ4, the results of the quantitative analysis for RQ5, and survey material for RQ6. The purpose of this artifact is enabling researchers to replicate our mixed-methods results of the paper, and to reuse the results of our exploratory study for further software engineering research. This research artifact is available at https://github.com/NAIST-SE/MetaMaintenancePotential and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4456668.


GENDER. class, and power are three abstract nouns that refer to social relations, but whereas gender and class refer to socially specific sets of relations, power-the ability to impose one's willrefers to an ingredient in all such sets. Power can vary from hegemony, perceived as legitimate, to violence or the threat of violence. Class is the relation to the means of production, especially the right of direct access to the fruits of production. Gender has been used to mean the social form of biological sexuality, but is best understood as the relations between men and women. The three together constitute the fundamental social, economic, cultural, and political relations that determine any social system. Power, the first born of historical and social analysis, has long figured as an object of celebration or castigation. Too frequently it has been presented as sui generis, as imposed on society and susceptible to analysis independent of social relations as a whole. Marx introduced class as a systematic category and argued that class relations determine the decisive relations of power in so-