The loss of biodiversity is a worldwide problem caused by over exploitation of natural resources, pollution, introduction of invasive species and other problems, human induced (IUCN, 2014). The Netherlands is working on strengthening its natural environment boosting social and economic wellbeing. (Government of the Netherlands, 2016). In Southwest Drenthe, a small population of European tree frogs has been released (person unknown) in the year 2000 near a village called Vledder. Unclear is how the population has dispersed to other pools and what their routes of migration are. This is important as they are a protected species. The European tree frog is listed on Annex II of the Berne Convention and Annex IV of the EU Natural Habitats Directive. The area researched was selected within a 10km radius, around the release point just North of Vledder resulting in a research area of 314km. In this research the aim is to find out what the distribution of the European tree frog is in Vledder and the surrounding area concerning pool vegetation quality, pool characteristics and land use qualities, as well as contributing to find out which landscape structure is preferred by the tree frog for migration, which is also referred to as connectivity. The main research question is "What is the suitability of the landscape and the predictability distribution of the tree frog in Southwest Drenthe and what connectivity opportunities are provided for this species in the near future in the research area?" The research question contributes to more knowledge about the European tree frog species located in Vledder and the surrounding areas in Southwest Drenthe. Subquestions leading to an answer of the main research question concern occupancy of the tree frog in Southwest Drenthe, relationship between pool characteristics and presence of the tree frog, and the appropriateness of the landscape in terms of migration and connectivity. Data was sampled by selecting the starting point, North of Vledder, and accordingly creating a 10km radius around this point. First a selection was made in ArcGIS software according to function, water type and size. Starting at 11.080 pools, using many selections in ArcGIS, eventually 150 pools were randomly selected from the remaining 260 pools. During field work, pools were measured during daytime with the help of a (guideline) field form pre-designed, once used for the analysis of the crested newt done by RAVON in the Netherlands. Measurements during daytime included measurement of pool water qualities, and vegetation structure analysis. After darkness the pools were visited to interpret whether or not the tree frog was present. Following data collection, data was analysed in programs as IBM SPSS Statistics 23 to analyse which factors had an influence on the presence of the tree frog, the program Presence was used because each pool was visited three times in order to calculate the detection probability. Data was also analysed and displayed using ArcGIS 10.3.1. For the appropriateness of the landscape in terms of migration ArcGIS was used to calculate cost distance routes according to the frictions calculated according to vegetation structures and altitude. It was managed to analyse 129 pools of which 29 of these showed the presence of tree frogs. The occupancy resulted in psi =0,2249 meaning in 22,49% of the examined pools, the tree frogs occurred. It was found that water temperature, the presence of the green frog and agriculture had an influence on the presence of the tree frog. The increase of the water temperature has a negative influence of the presence of the tree frog if other variables are constant whereas the dominance of agriculture and the presence of the green frog has a positive influence. The presence of the different aquatic vegetation structures showed no significance on the presence of the tree frog. The connectivity in the research area shows provided opportunities for the tree frog to migrate. Possible taken routes show a high percentage of forest (>50%) and thus result in low cost for the tree frog to migrate. Results of this research correspond with the literature study whereas the disproportional stratified random sampling could have influence on the statistical results when looking at the Land use types as land uses are not equally divided. There is a high dominance of agriculture in the collected data which results in the statistical analysis showing a positive influence on the tree frogs presence. Also changes in the weather condition (rain, sun) had influence on the detection of the tree frog and could possibly also influence certain variables (e.g. depth and water temperature). The stream valley in the research area seems to be a possible natural migration limitation (due to a change in land use) for the tree frog to migrate to the South and in the Nature2000 and NNN areas only 3 out of 35 pools did inhabit the tree frog which could be linked with the dominance of heathland.


Indian educational sector witnesses huge growth in establishing schools and institutions. The sector started incorporating boards nationally and internationally expecting the teachers toil maximum to achieve the planned result. Expecting such an outcome is nothing wrong but without proper guidance and leading can deviate from the actual cause. Leaders are significant in leading the teachers who propel the students and can capitulate the upshot. They need to set values by sharing and create a standard workforce with values like being sensible, loyal, and nurturing positive prospects. Copious researchers studied the leadership impact on job satisfaction but leadership styles have unending roles in instituting and instigating the workplace spirituality are to have contemplation. This paper has attempted to study two important leadership styles transactional and transformational leadership styles role on workplace spirituality among teachers with a sample size of 103. Results are evident that there is a strong relationship between the above-said variables and if the leaders could adopt these styles certainly can evolve teachers' sense of community, inner life, and meaningful work at the workplace.


Concerns about climate change, energy security and the volatility of the price of fossil fuels has led to an increased demand for renewable energy. With wind turbines being one of the most mature renewable energy technologies available, the global use of wind power has been growing at over 20% annually, with further adoption to be expected. As a result of the inherent variability of the wind in combination with the increased uptake, demand for accurate wind forecasting, over a wide range of time scales has also increased. We report early work as part of the EU FP7 project 'ORIGIN', which will exploit wind speed forecasting, and implement and evaluate smart-meter based energy management in 300 households in three ecovillages across Europe. The ORIGIN system will capitalise on automated weatherstation data (available cheaply) to inform predictions of the wind-turbine generated power that may be available in short term future time windows. Accurate and reliable wind-speed forecasting is essential in this enterprise. A range of different methods for wind forecasting have been developed, ranging from relatively simple time series analysis to the use of a combination of global weather forecasting, computational fluid dynamics and machine learning methods. Here we focus on the application of neural networks, without (for the time being) the use of numerical weather predictions or expensive physical modelling methods. While work of this nature has been performed before, using past wind speeds to make predictions into the future, here we explore the use of additional recent meteorological data to improve on short-term forecasting. Specifically, we employ evolved networks and explore many configurations to assess the merits of using additional features such as cloud cover, temperature and pressure, to predict future wind speed.


The Prelinger Archives, a collection of over 60,000 so-called ephemeral films, approximately 6,500 of which are freely available online for viewing and public download, is an amazing resource for research and teaching in the history of technology. Here, Shell highlights two sponsored films from a Prelinger sub-collection that have special relevance to the site of the upcoming annual meeting of the Society for the History of Technology in Dearborn MI. Both films were produced by the same company, the Jam Handy Organization in the same year, 1936, and were commissioned by a single operation, the Chevrolet division of General Motors. These are the animated short A Coach for Cinderella and the half-hour symphonic film Master Hands. Coach and Master Hands appeared in 1936, the year of the first sitdown strikes in the auto industry.


Abstract. Background: Liver transplantation is currently the standard of care for patients with end stage liver disease. However due to the cadaveric organ shortage, live donor liver transplantation (LDLT), has been recently introduced as a potential solution. We analyzed and support our initial experience with this procedure at USC. Material and Methods: From September 1998 until July 2000, a total of 27 patients underwent LDLT at USC University Hospital and Los Angeles Children's Hospital. There were 12 children with the median age of 10 months (4–114) and 15 adults with the median age of 56 years (35–65). The most common indication for transplantation was biliary atresia for children and hepatitis C for adults. Results: All donors did well postoperatively; the median postoperative stay was five days (5–7) for left lateral segmentectomy and seven days (4–12) for lobar donation. None of the donors required blood transfusion, re-operation or postoperative invasive procedure. However, five of them (18%) experienced minor complications. The survival rate in pediatric patients was 100% and only one graft was lost at nine months due to rejection. Two adult recipients died in the postoperative period, one from graft non-function and one from necrotizing fascitis. 37% of adult recipients experienced postoperative complications, mainly related to biliary reconstruction. Also 26% of the recipients underwent reoperation for some of these complications. Conclusion: LDLT is an excellent alternative to cadaveric transplantation with excellent results in the pediatric population. However, in adult patients it still carries a significant complication rate and it should be used with caution.


In this generation, we have advanced in almost all the areas except one field where there is still lack of technology. It is the hotel management system and services and so far there is no step being taken to introduce technology in this area. The above stated project works mainly on the method by which anyone can select any items by their choices which are in the menu display and that order will be sent to the pc of the manager using zig-bee module & that ordered item will be served to that customer. With the information we have received; we are engaged in an iterative design cycle to develop a final graphical user interface for our touch screen based ordering system & displaying system.


Self-esteem is the most important thing for creating a good personality. Self-esteem is an individual evaluation from the differentiation between self-image and ideal-self. However, low self-esteem is often experienced by several individuals in sosial interaction which happened at SMP Negeri 2 Ungaran. The aim of this research is to know whether the case low self-esteem in social interaction of VIII grade students could be solved through rational emotive counseling by using reframing technique. This research used case handling approach. In addition, the method that used are interview and observation. In analising data, the researcher used comparative analysis, content analysis, and logic analysis. After giving treatment to three students, can be seen that students who had low self-esteem had changed with had rational beliefe, when meeting with his friends no longer beat the view, the intensity of the client alone in a classroom when recess was already reduced, it looks more confident when interact with his friends, and his was not ashamed and afraid when hanging out with friends. The research can be concluded that low self-esteem can be solved through rational emotive counseling by using reframing technique.


2011 was the year I was diagnosed with Immunoglobulin A(IgA) Nephropathy. In 2016, after a difficult conversation with my nephrologist, my husband Peter and I were told that I would need to commence peritoneal dialysis (PD). It all happened so quickly and I was very unwell at the time. I was feeling overwhelmed about doing PD at home and the fact that my life was about to change dramatically. Over almost 3 years of receiving PD, we have both had to cope with a number of challenges, both physically and mentally. Throughout different stages of treatment, patients deal with a wide range of issues impacting their physical and mental well-being. We must manage the daily dialysis routine, be vigilant about hygiene and control our fluid intake and diet. We live with tiredness and a lack of energy, disturbed sleep and loss of appetite. We can experience depression, stress and social isolation. Qualitative research in nephrology enables clinicians and nurses to gain an insight into these issues and the patient's needs, aside from their kidney function and treatment. Qualitative research gives the patient a voice. Identified by Duncanson et al.'s (2021) study 'Patient Perspectives of Coping with Automated Peritoneal Dialysis', the themes of the psychosocial challenges and coping responses among patients receiving automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) are relevant and valid. One of the themes identified in this interview study was Resigned Acceptance of kidney failure and PD, which helped patients cope with challenges and consequently they were adherent to treatment. I certainly found this to be true in my experience – I had to accept that dialysis was going to be a part of my daily life and take ownership of my treatment to avoid complications. If I was healthy, I could go about as many of my usual activities as possible and maintain a sense of normality. The findings also described time and lifestyle restrictions associated with APD, which for me were particularly challenging in the evenings – juggling parenting roles, household tasks and social life whilst preparing for therapy. Particularly frustrating was having to sit in bed connected to the dialysis machine, long before I was actually ready for sleep. The night-time therapy also put limitations on my family and our children's extracurricular activities. These issues are all important to understand from the patient's perspective, as they contribute to our quality of life. The study's theme of Hidden from View and Hiding Illness was particularly interesting. There are some advantages to others not being able to 'tell' that you have kidney disease or have dialysis each evening – you can go about your day and feel somewhat yourself, not being the 'sick' person. However, as highlighted in the findings, this means others are less likely to truly understand what patients are going through. This can compound feelings of stress, isolation and depression. Mental health issues can then impact the patient's ability to self-care or perform dialysis at home, particularly for those without a caregiver. As patients on PD are somewhat removed from treatment centres, their mental health concerns may not be raised as often compared to patients receiving dialysis at a unit or hospital, where they may interact more often with health professionals. While dialysis at home provides enormous benefits for patients, the psychological difficulties should not be underestimated. As reflected in the theme Education Information and Delivery, patients have individual preferences for the type and amount of dialysis education and information they want to receive. Some prefer to receive an information booklet, while others prefer to talk things through with a nurse. The patient's preferences for education should be explored when approaching end-stage kidney disease, before dialysis starts. In my experience, clear and consistent communication between members of my kidney team and I was critical, especially in the early stages of PD when


Concussion patients are hemodynamically instable due to damage to the brainstem and the stresses experienced by patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Hemodynamic instability deteriorates awareness and declines consciousness in these patients. Alternative medical therapies such as massage and aromatherapy are used as new therapies with very few side effects in order to treat these patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of aromatherapy massage with mint essential oil on physiological parameters of concussion patients hospitalized in the ICU. This was a semi-experimental study. The statistical sample consisted of 38 concussion patients hospitalized in the ICU. Eligible individuals were selected using targeted sampling method. The selected individuals were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control). In the experimental group, the patients underwent 20 minutes of massages on hands and feet with 4% diluted mint and sweet almond essential oils for three consecutive days. Nonresponse overview scale (FOUR) was used to measure the level of awareness. Furthermore, physiological parameters were measured using monitoring devices. The results showed that the intervention significantly decreased vital signs of the patients in the experimental group (systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pulse rate every three days; rates of respiration on the third day and arterial blood oxygen saturation% on the second day) (P < 0.05). The two groups were compared using independent t-test. Physiological parameters were significantly reduced in three days in the experimental group compared to control. Aromatherapy massage with mint oil regulated vital signs more effectively than aromatherapy massage with almond oil in concussion patients hospitalized in the ICU. However, further interventions are required to use this technique for clinical practice.


The marine environment, including the ocean and adjacent coastal areas which form an integrated whole is a positive asset that presents opportunities for development. Quality assessment of ecological changes in the sea can be provided most eff iciently by studying the sediment habitat and benthic fauna. Due to their differential tolerance and very restricted movements, benthic organisms are excellent indicators of environmental stress and are used in Environment Risk Assessment and monitoring of coastal waters. The abundance of benthic animals in an area especially polychaetes has close relationship with its environment and are regarded as indicator organisms in discussing the conditions of nature and characteristics of that ecological niche. The present paper focuses on the macro benthic polychaete assemblages along the coast of Arthunkal in Kerala, India during the year 2012-2013. Five stations (I,II,III,IV and V) representing depths of 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m and 30m respectively from the shoreline along one transect were selected for seasonal sampling. Hydrological variables such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite -nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorus and silicate-silicon of bottom waters were analyzed using standard methods. Sedimentological parameters namely temperature, pH, organic carbon and texture were also analyzed. Benthic polychaetes were identif ied using standard keys. Biological indices were used in the calculation of taxa richness, general diversity and evenness. Thirteen polychaete species displaying wide seasonal variations on a spatio-temporal scale were recorded. Studies on the species composition revealed Cossura sp. to be the numerically abundant polychaete during monsoon whereas the least abundant one was Glycera sp. during pre-monsoon. Numerical abundance was high at station V, where the substrate was predominantly sandy. Maximum temperature was recorded during post monsoon (31°C) and pH indicated the alkaline nature of both water and sediment. Dissolved oxygen fluctuated between stations, with low values recorded during pre-monsoon at station I (3.12 ml/l) and high values at station III (6.24 ml/l) during monsoon. Organic carbon recorded maximum values at station III (5.49%) during monsoon. Prionospio sp., Nephtys sp. and Lumbrineris sp. were found to be tolerant to high temperatures, low pH, low dissolved oxygen and low silicate-silicon. Lumbrineris sp. was also found to be an organic load indicator. Glycera sp. and Nereidae sp. preferred high salinity. The abundance of opportunistic species along with the appearance of stress indicators emphasizes the importance of regular biomonitoring of the coastal waters of Arthunkal.


This guide features the contributions of 22 top US sales managers, from a range of companies including Dow Chemical, GTE, Nabisco, Mary Kay Cosmetics, Merrill Lynch and Ciba-Geigy. Subjects covered include; how to recruit and train new reps; how to motivate through coaching, reviews and incentives; how to help reps through slumps and plateaus. This book provides front-line managers with tried-and-tested advice from the acknowledged masters on all aspects of sales management.


Ear biometrics is one of the primary biometrics that is definitely standing out. Ear recognition enjoys special benefits and can make distinguishing proof safer and dependable along with other biometrics (for example fingerprints and face). Particularly as a supplement to face recognition schemes that experience issues in genuine circumstances. This is because of the extraordinary variety of a planar representation of a confusing object that is varied in shapes, illumination, and profile shape. This study is an endeavor to conquer these restrictions, by proposing scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) calculation to extract feature vector descriptors from both left and right ears which is to be melded as one descriptor utilized for verification purposes. Likewise, another plan is proposed for the recognition stage, based on a genetic algorithm-backpropagation neural network as an accurate recognition approach.  This approach will be tried by utilizing images from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi's creation (IITD). The suggested system exhibits a 99.7% accuracy recognition rate.


Introduction: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) develops around the end of pregnancy or in the initial months after delivery. PPCM is induced by vasculotoxic chemicals secreted from the placenta and pituitary. Prolactin is one of these hormones that could be harmful. The maternal pituitary release prolactin in response to breastfeeding. The advantages of nursing for both mother and child must be taken seriously while deciding whether to breastfeed with PPCM. This systematic review aims to analyze the existing scientific evidence on breastfeeding in PPCM patients. Method: To ensure comprehensive retrieval of relevant research we search the following key databases: PubMed and ScienceDirect through 1000 for peer reviewed articles (in all languages) evidence related to breastfeeding in peripartum cardiomyopathy. Results: The studies suggest that PPCM influenced by the hormone prolactin which related to breastfeeding. Therapy of prolactin inhibitors is given to inhibit the worsening of PPCM patients, but with side effects patients cannot provide exclusive breastfeeding. From the study, breastfeeding has no significant effect on the LVEF of mothers with PPCM, but in PPCM conditions that are not well compensated, breastfeeding is not recommended and patients should undergo therapy with bromocriptine. Conclusion: Breastfeeding and bromocriptine go opposite but both have benefits for PPCM patients, consideration for breastfeeding or bromocriptine administration must considering the patient's condition. Administration of bromocriptine for certain conditions such as severe PPCM can accelerate LV function recovery. There will be side effects for both children and mothers who are not breastfed.


Despite the fact an intelligent tutoring system for programming (ITSP) education has long attracted interest, its widespread use has been hindered by the difficulty of generating personalized feedback automatically. Meanwhile, automated program repair (APR) is an emerging new technology that automatically fixes software bugs, and it has been shown that APR can fix the bugs of large real-world software. In this paper, we study the feasibility of marrying intelligent programming tutoring and APR. We perform our feasibility study with four state-of-the-art APR tools (GenProg, AE, Angelix, and Prophet), and 661 programs written by the students taking an introductory programming course. We found that when APR tools are used out of the box, only about 30% of the programs in our dataset are repaired. This low repair rate is largely due to the student programs often being significantly incorrect - in contrast, professional software for which APR was successfully applied typically fails only a small portion of tests. To bridge this gap, we adopt in APR a new repair policy akin to the hint generation policy employed in the existing ITSP. This new repair policy admits partial repairs that address part of failing tests, which results in 84% improvement of repair rate. We also performed a user study with 263 novice students and 37 graders, and identified an understudied problem; while novice students do not seem to know how to effectively make use of generated repairs as hints, the graders do seem to gain benefits from repairs.


In this paper, we focus on measuring the risk associated to a bank loan portfolio. In particular, we depart from the standard one factor model representation of portfolio credit risk. In particular, we consider an hetrogeneous portfolio, and we account for stochastic dependent recoveries. We also examine the influence of either one systemic shock (interpreted as the state of the business cycle) or two systemic shocks (interpreted as demand and supply innovations) on portfolio credit risk. The identification and estimation of the common shocks is obtained by fitting a Dynamic Factor model to a large number of macro credit drivers. The scenarios are obtained by employing Montecarlo stochastic simulation.


Ceramidases deacylate ceramides, important interme-diates in the metabolic pathway of sphingolipids. In this study, we report the cloning and characterization of a novel mouse alkaline ceramidase (maCER1) with a highly restricted substrate specificity. maCER1 consists of 287 amino acids, and it has a 28 and 32% identity to the Saccharomyces alkaline ceramidases (YPC1p and YDC1p) and the human alkaline phytoceramidase, respectively. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis demonstrated that maCER1 was predominantly expressed in skin. maCER1 was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum as revealed by immunocytochemistry. In vitro biochemical characterization determined that maCER1 hy-drolyzed D - erythro -ceramide exclusively but not D - erythro -dihydroceramide or D - ribo -phytoceramide. Similar to other alkaline ceramidases, maCER1 had an alkaline pH optimum of 8.0, and it was activated by Ca


FIELD: production of clothing articles, in particular, articles adhering directly to user's skin. SUBSTANCE: clothing article consists of two different yarns. Yarn directly in contact with user's skin has fully closed and smooth surface and consists of single piece. According to one of versions, yarn directly in contact with user's skin consists of a plurality of individual single filaments which converge into a single thread. Yarn has closed and smooth surface. EFFECT: comfortable wearing in case of high sweating. 20 cl, 4 dwg


The insurance indemnity against injuries at work,a positive measure towards industrial injuries and professional diseases in the modern society,manifests the value orientation to protect the less advantageous in society and the basic idea of fairness and justice in law.The current legal system in our country has established the primary mode of substituted indemnity,with the complementation of dual indemnity pattern conditionally.Comparing the four modes,we can conclude that only the supplement indemnity mode truly conforms to the goal of the establishment of insurance against industrial injuries.Therefore,our country should establish the supplement indemnity mode in insurance indemnity against injuries at work.


The triselenide of niobium was recently prepared and described by A. Meerschaut and J . Rouxel.' NbSe3 is a monoclinic system. The structure was determined from a collection of intensities by an automatic diffractometer Nonius Cad 3. The reliability factor was refined to a minimum value of 0.046 when an anisotropic temperature factor for all the atoms was considered. The atoms are all in position 2e with spacegroup P2'/m.


Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves are normally used to flavour stews, dressings and soups, as well as in folk medicine to manage problems of digestive and nervous systems. The present study sought to assess the antioxidant properties of aqueous sweet basil leaf extracts using their ability to inhibit Fe 2+ -induced lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates, which was controlled by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as marker. The aqueous extract of the leaves was prepared, and, thereafter, the antioxidant phytoconstituents (total phenols, ascorbic acid) and activities [Fe 2+ -chelating ability, OH* scavenging ability, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation] of the extract was determined. The results of the study revealed that the total water-extractable phenols and vitamin C are 5.3 and 10.0 mg/g, respectively; and the extract caused a dose-dependent significant (P< 0.05) inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) production in both the control and Fe 2+ -induced lipid peroxidation in the brain homogenates. Fe 2+ -chelating and OH*-scavenging abilities, as well as the reducing power were relatively high. However, the Fe 2+ -chelating ability of the extract was higher than the OH* -scavenging one. Therefore, it was concluded that water-extractable phytochemicals from sweet basil leaves have high antioxidant properties being able to inhibit Fe 2+ -induced lipid peroxidation in homogenates of brain - in vitro, and the mechanism through which they do this is characterized by their Fe 2+ -chelating ability, reducing power and OH* -scavenging ability.


The aim of the present study is to construct a coherent profile of student smokers in Greece, based on their behavioral and demographic characteristics. In this context, we collected data by administrating an anonymous self-completed questionnaire, which was answered by students of University and Technological Educational Institute (T.E.I.) of Patras. The final sample consists of 1,190 student smokers. For the purposes of the present study, principal component analysis was utilized to explore and detect the demographic and behavioral profiles of Greek student smokers. The factor solution identified 5 demographic factors and 14 behavioral factors. All factors were labeled, interpreted and discussed in the light of existing knowledge in order to understand better the consumer behavior of student smokers.


THREE TYPES OF INVESTIGATIONS WERE MADE: THOSE DEALING WITH THE ECONOMIC BASE AND LAND USE OF AN AREA, THOSE DEALING WITH ANLYZING THE COMPARATIVE WORTH OR FEASIBILITY OF TRANSPORTATION ROUTES, AND THOSE DESIGNED TO REVEAL THE IMPACT OF THE ROUTE ON AN AREA. ECONOMIC STUDIES FOR TRANSPORTATION ROUTES IN RURAL OR UNDER-DEVELOPED AREAS MUST BE CONCERNED MOSTLY WITH IMPACT ON UTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIAL BENEFITS RATHER THAN ON TRANSPORTATION USER SERVICES. THE USER BENEFITS MUST NECESSARILY PLAY A MINOR ROLE IN DETERMINING NEED FOR AND LOCATION OF TRANSPORTATION ROUTES. IN DEVELOPED AND URBAN AREAS, ON THE OTHER HAND, USER BENEFITS CARRY MUCH GREATER WEIGHT. BUT HERE, TOO, WE RECOGNIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF THOROUGHLY CONSIDERING THE DIFFERING COMMUNITY, AESTHETIC, AND SOCIAL VALUES OF ALTERNATE PROPOSALS. TRANSPORTATION MUST BE VIEWED AS PART OF A TOTAL SOCIAL SYSTEM AND NOT AS AN END IN ITSELF. /AUTHOR/


SUMMARY Theprognosis ofearly childhood respiratory illnesshasbeenstudied byanalysis ofhistoric cohorts using datarecorded since1967inthecontinuous morbidity registration project oftheUniversity ofNijmegen. The characteristics ofthis project arediscussed, including the stability ofthepractice (study) population, afactor which allows longitudinal analysis tobeperformed. Thedevelopment ofrespiratory morbidity during thefirst eight years oflife hasbeenanalysed andagroupof710patients characterized onthebasis oftheir respiratory morbidity inthefirst twoyears oflife. Ingeneral thehighest levels of respiratory morbidity areseeninthefirst years oflife, with agradual decline overtheyears studied. Upper respiratory tract infections arelargely responsible forthis morbidity. An elevated level ofepisodes ofrespiratory illness inpatients agedtwotosevenyears wasobserved whenthefollowing characteristics ofearly life respiratory morbidity were present: morethanthree episodes ofrespiratory illness, lower respiratory tract infections orcatarrhal conditions. However, bytheageofsevenyearsthelevel ofmorbidity ofthe children withthese characteristics wasverysimilar tothat ofchildren without these characteristics. Respiratory morbidity inchildhood ispredominantly benign andself-limiting. Onlychildren withatopic conditions inearly childhood showedahigher prevalance ofasthmaandchronic bronchitis at theendofthestudy period.


A strategy for the elaboration of a halogen-bonded porphyrin network is reported. The progressive introduction of geometric constraints via the modulation of building blocks and self-assembly via strong and directional halogen bonding led successfully to the construction of an open porphyrin network with nano-sized tubular channels.


The session discusses ongoing research. We present a German project involving students from Winneba (Ghana), Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) and Hamburg, and proposes a concept for a teaching project stru ...


About half of all HIV infections worldwide occur among people 25 and younger, according to World Health Organization data. In industrialized countries 2 of every 3 STDs afflict people under 24 years old, and this proportion is even higher in developing countries. Over 10% of all births each year occur to women 15-19 years old, according to the Population Reference Bureau. The risk of maternal mortality is 2-4 times higher for pregnant adolescents than for pregnant women over age 20. Infant mortality is typically 30% higher for infants born to women 15-19 years old than for those born to women 20 or older. In developing countries approximately 2 million adolescent women resort to unsafe abortion each year and one-third of all women seek hospital care for abortions complications are under age 20. Health problems from unsafe abortion can include infection and injuries from the procedure: perforated uterus, cervical lacerations, or hemorrhage. Long-term complications include increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic infection, and the possibility of infertility.


manuscript sources (at least sixty-five are identified) for these forgeries. A two-page list of abbreviations and a bibliography of significant scholarly studies bring the reader to the Latin text itself with full critical apparatus in the masterly tradition of the MGH (pp. 127-130). Three "registers" conclude the volume: manuscripts, places and persons, and words and subject matter keyed to the Latin vocabulary (pp. 215-233). The "Sturm und Drang" that resulted from the Investiture Controversy cast a long shadow indeed, as church-state relations moved into an increasingly complex context. While forgeries do not appear to be the burden of modern dialogue on church-state relations, precision in articulating the issues with a judicious understanding of the complex historical background remains an urgent necessity for Christendom as it nears the end of its second millennium.


The invention relates to a steel-side-high-frequency-induction-heating-assisted friction stir welding method for an alumimum-steel material butt joint. With the method, problems that the stirring pin is worn seriously because of high rigidity of the steel and the joint failure occurs due to too mush welding defects and low connecting strength during the butt joint of the alumimum-steel special materials in the prior part can be solved. The method comprises: firstly, to-be-welded end surfaces and welding zones of the upper end surfaces and lower end surfaces of a to-be-welded steel plate and a to-be-welded alumimum plate are cleaned; secondly, an organic solvent is used for wiping the surfaces of the to-be-welded steel plate and the to-be-welded alumimum plate, and the to-be-welded steel plate and the to-be-welded alumimum plate are placed on a work bench in a butt-joint mode and rigid installing is carried out by using a clamp; thirdly, a high-frequency induction heating device is arranged in front of a stirring head and is located at a to-be-welded zone of the to-be-welded steel plate; fourthly, a thin-film heat-resistant material is laid on the welding back of the to-be-welded steel plate; fifthly, a current frequency and the number of turns of a coil of the high-frequency induction heating device are set reasonably; and sixthly, a friction stir welding machine is started, the center part of the stirring pin is deviated to one side of the to-be-welded alumimum plate and welding is carried out along the welding connection direction. The method is applied to butt-joint welding of alumimum-steel materials.


Cold-formed members are very slender, presenting a high resistance/weight ratio, so they are highly sensitive to buckle phenomena. The behavior of these elements is very complex, and the majority of the existing expressions which determine its resistance have been obtained through statistical adjustment of experimental results. On the other hand, stainless steel is a metallic material relatively recent which has been used in many different purposes and it is acquiring presence in construction. The combination of its good mechanical properties and its corrosion resistance makes it a magnificent material for structural applications. The reason of his low presence in construction during many years was the different behavior from carbon steel and a lack of specific design rules for stainless steel. Some rules in the existing standards for stainless steel are based on carbon steel and so, it is necessary to check them for stainless steel verifications.

To tackle this problem, some decking tests were performed and several numerical models developed in order to compare their results with the predicted ones from the existing standards. This research project discusses the applicability of the existing European standards comparing the results obtained from some tests conducted in ferritic stainless steel and carbon steel decking tests subjected to positive bending and negative bending conditions. It also compares the standards with the results obtained from numerical simulations.

Eurocode 3 standards for carbon steel applied to ferritic stainless steel provide a safe result when it comes to moment resistance. In conclusion, even though several tests were performed and some conclusions were deduced from them, in the future thorough analysis will be needed for cold-formed trapezoidal corrugated sheets.


A sophisticated reliability analysis method is proposed to evaluate the reliability of real nonlinear complicated dynamic structural systems excited by short duration dynamic loadings like earthquake motions by intelligently integrating the response surface method, the finite element method, the first-order reliability method, and the iterative linear interpolation scheme. The method explicitly considers all major sources of nonlinearity and uncertainty in the load and resistance-related random variables. The unique feature of the technique is that the seismic loading is applied in the time domain, providing an alternative to the classical random vibration approach. The four-parameter Richard model is used to represent the flexibility of connections of real steel frames. Uncertainties in the Richard parameters are also incorporated in the algorithm. The laterally flexible steel frame is then reinforced with reinforced concrete shear walls. The stiffness degradation of shear walls after cracking is also considered. The applicability of the method to estimate the reliability of real structures is demonstrated by considering three examples; a laterally flexible steel frame with fully restrained connections, the same steel frame with partially restrained connections with different rigidities, and a steel frame reinforced with concrete shear walls.


Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, claiming approximately
17.9 million lives each year. In this study, a novel CAD system to detect and classify electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is presented. Designed system employs the recurrence plot (RP) approach that transforms a ECG signal into a 2D representative colour image, finally performing their classifications via employment of Deep Learning architecture (ResNet-18). Novel system includes two steps, where the first step is the preprocessing one, which performs segmentation of the data into two-second intervals, finally forming images via the RP approach; following, in the second step, the RP images are classified by the ResNet- 18 network. The proposed method is evaluated on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database where 5 principal types of arrhythmias that have medical relevance should be classified. Novel system can classify the before-mentioned quantity of diseases according to the AAMI Standard and appears to demonstrate good performance in terms of criteria: overall accuracy of 97.62%, precision of 95.42%, recall of 95.42%, F1-Score of 95.06%, and AUC of 95.7% that are competitive with better state-of-the-art systems. Additionally. the method demonstrated the ability in mitigating the problem of imbalanced samples.


CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas systems have been extensively used for gene editing of many plant species, including model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice, and major crops such as maize and wheat, as well as woody plants like poplar, bamboo, apple and citrus, etc. This technique has not only significantly promoted basic research, but has also facilitated the agronomic traits improvement of economically important crops or trees. Typically, the CRISPR/Cas system required its integration and expression of exogenous DNA in the genome of host plants, which lead to the cleavage of site-specific DNA double-strand breaks, and introduced the genome modifications during the DNA repair process. However, the integration of CRISPR/Cas elements brings several concerns for commercialization and basic research. First, the inserted CRISPR/Cas cassette is constitutively expressed in plant cells, and may increase the chance of off-target changes, as well as make it difficult to evaluate the stability and penetrance of the initially observed phenotypes. Second, plants with a foreign gene integrated into its genome were regarded as classic genetically modified organisms, which may potentially lead to the escape of the gene into the environment, leading to legislation concerns and strict government policy regulation about such organisms. Therefore, one of the main challenges in using the CRISPR/Cas system in commercial agriculture is to improve the plant's agronomic traits by genome editing, meanwhile obtaining transgene-free mutant plants with stable transmissible properties. DNA-free genome editing plants The cassette are CRISPR-edited but transgene-free. Transgene-free gene-edited plants may also be generated by non-transgenic approaches, such as transient expression of mRNA encoding Cas nuclease and guide RNA without DNA integration, preassembled ribonucleoprotein and sgRNA complex transfection, fluorescence marker-assisted transgene cassette selection and elimination, virus-mediated and nano-material mediated genome editing technologies. By using these methods, people can obtain the genome-edited end plant product with increased agronomic traits, while no additional foreign DNA fragments have been introduced into the plant genome. Until now, at least 14 transgene-free and genome-edited plant species have been generated using this technology. In this review, we have highlighted these achievements, including methods, applications and the possibilities of their commercialization in plant breeding. We also discuss the current problems in using this technology, such as very low efficiency, limited gene modification types and labor-consuming aspects. With the development of new plant cell transformation methods and the applications of new typical CRISPR/Cas systems, the potential strategies for improving this revolutionary technology in the future are also discussed.


Nanfeng dialect of Shixia is an immigrated dialect. This article focuses on the constant tonal modification in the two-word phrases, which is mainly expressed in its tonal modification of high and level tone, that of rising tone, that of falling-rising tone and that of falling tone. Among these four tonal modifications, the second and the third are the tonal modification in the last word; the tonal modification of the first and the last lies in either the first or the last word sometimes; the tonal modification of falling tone in the last word has something to do with the grammatical stress of two-word phrases.


The article analyzes the necessity of strengthening budget discipline and its characteristic indicators. The economic essence of the concept of "budget discipline" was studied on the basis of foreign studies, a study was conducted on the work to be done in our country on budget discipline, and conclusions were drawn.


Ten kinds of microelements (Na,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,Cr and Co ) in Sea Cucumber detected and analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS).The samples were digested with HNO3+ H2SO4(5:1). The precision and recovery for different elements within the limits of working curves were good, the range of recoveries (n=5) was 93.8 %-106.3 % and the RSD was lower than 5 %.The results indicated there were abundant nutritional elements for people in Sea Cucumber. The content of trace elements was found to be NaCa Zn KMgFeMn CuCoCr.


Solar flare X-ray spectra are typically dominated by thermal bremsstrahlung emission in the soft X-ray (≲10 keV) energy range; for hard X-ray energies (≳30 keV), emission is typically nonthermal from beams of electrons. The low-energy extent of nonthermal emission has only been loosely quantified. It has been difficult to obtain a lower limit for a possible nonthermal cutoff energy due to the significantly dominant thermal emission. Here we use solar flare data from the extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and X-ray data from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Spectroscopic Imager to calculate the Differential Emission Measure (DEM). This improvement over the isothermal approximation and any single-instrument DEM helps to resolve ambiguities in the range where thermal and nonthermal emission overlap, and to provide constraints on the low-energy cutoff. In the model, thermal emission is from a DEM that is parameterized as multiple Gaussians in Log(T). Nonthermal emission results from a photon spectrum obtained using a thick-target emission model. Spectra for both instruments are fit simultaneously in a self-consistent manner. Our results have been obtained using a sample of 52 large (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite X- and M-class) solar flares observed between 2011 and 2013. It turns out that it is often possible to determine low-energy cutoffs early (in the first two minutes) during large flares. Cutoff energies at these times are typically low, less than 10 keV, when assuming coronal abundances. With photospheric abundances, cutoff energies are typically ∼10 keV higher, in the ∼17–25 keV range.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence and mortality have increased internationally over the past 4 decades (1, 2), with localized tumors accounting for most of the increase (3). The rationale for screening is that imaging tests, such as ultrasonography, may identify patients with early-stage HCC (4), and several potential options exist for treating patients with early-stage HCC, including liver transplantation, radiofrequency ablation, and liver resection (5). Several professional societies currently recommend HCC screening using imaging studies and tumor markers, primarily in patients at higher risk for HCC due to chronic hepatitis B or cirrhosis (57). However, recommendations for HCC screening remain controversial, in part because of concerns over the quality and paucity of existing evidence and because concerns about overdiagnosis and patient harms have been raised in other cancer screening programs (812). We conducted a systematic review of the published literature to better understand the incremental benefits and harms of routine HCC screening compared with clinical diagnosis. Methods This manuscript is part of a larger report commissioned by the Veterans Health Administration (13). A protocol describing the review plan was posted to a public Web site before the study was initiated (14). The analytic framework that guided this review was developed in collaboration with a panel of technical experts and is provided in Figure 1 of Supplement 1. Supplement 1. Figures Data Sources and Searches We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov from database inception to June 2013. We updated the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrials.gov searches in April 2014. The detailed search strategy is provided in Supplement 2. We obtained additional articles from systematic reviews, reference lists of pertinent studies, reviews, and editorials and by consulting technical advisors. Supplement 2. Search Strategy Study Selection Detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria are provided in Supplement 3. We included English-language, controlled clinical trials and observational studies that assessed the effects of screening on HCC-specific and all-cause mortality in adult populations. We used the term screening to include any surveillance or screening program in which specific tests (ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or -fetoprotein measurement) were performed explicitly to detect HCC in asymptomatic patients. Studies had to include a comparison group of patients who did not have routine screening. We excluded observational studies that did not consider important confounding factors, such as age, sex, and liver disease severity. Because we anticipated few clinical trials comparing screening versus no screening, we also included trials comparing frequencies of screening. We included studies of any population with chronic liver disease with or without cirrhosis but excluded studies of patients with prior HCC. We also searched for systematic reviews and primary studies that focused on potential harms of HCC screening. Supplement 3. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Seven investigators reviewed the titles and abstracts of citations identified from literature searches. If at least 1 reviewer indicated that a citation may be relevant, a second reviewer screened the citation for concordance. Two reviewers independently assessed the full-text articles for inclusion using the eligibility criteria in Supplement 3. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. Data Extraction and Quality Assessment From each study, we abstracted study design, objectives, setting, population characteristics (including sex, age, race or ethnicity, and liver disease cause and severity), patient eligibility and exclusion criteria, number of patients, years of enrollment, method and frequency of screening, adjusted and unadjusted mortality, and adverse events. A second author checked each entry for accuracy. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of each trial by using a tool developed by the Cochrane Collaboration (15). We resolved disagreements through discussion. Each trial was given an overall summary assessment of low, high, or unclear risk of bias. Two reviewers graded the strength of evidence for outcomes by using published criteria that consider the consistency, coherence, directness, and applicability of a body of evidence as well as the internal validity of individual studies (16). We adapted existing tools to assess the quality of observational studies (1719). We do not report an overall summary assessment for observational studies because there are no validated criteria for doing so. Data Synthesis and Analysis We qualitatively synthesized the evidence on the benefits and harms of HCC screening. Clinical heterogeneity and the small number of trials precluded a meta-analysis of the findings. Role of the Funding Source The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Quality Enhancement Research Initiative supported this review but had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Results The electronic and manual searches yielded 13801 total citations, from which we identified 286 potentially relevant full-text articles. Twenty-two primary studies contained primary data relevant to the efficacy of HCC screening and met our inclusion criteria (Figure). Figure. Summary of evidence search and selection. RCT = randomized, controlled trial. Effects of Screening on Mortality Two trials and 18 observational studies provided very-low-strength evidence from which to draw conclusions about the mortality effects of HCC screening compared with no screening. The trials had substantial methodological flaws that threatened their internal validity, and their findings have limited applicability beyond the patient population with hepatitis B. The observational studies, most of which included patients with cirrhosis and hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or alcoholic liver disease, showed that screening detects patients with earlier-stage disease, who more frequently receive curative therapy. However, it is impossible to say whether the longer survival in patients with screen-detected disease was a true effect of screening or reflects lead- and length-time biases inherent to all observational studies, as well as selection biases that were common in many of the studies. Randomized, Controlled Trials Two community-based trials compared the effects on mortality of screening versus no screening (20, 21). Both were conducted in China in areas with high prevalence of HCC, and most participants had hepatitis B with or without cirrhosis (Table 1 of Supplement 4). One cluster randomized trial recruited screening group participants (n= 9757) from 1993 to 1995 and offered them serum -fetoprotein testing and ultrasonography every 6 months. Participants in the control group (n= 9443) were not made aware of the study nor actively followed. Death from HCC occurred less frequently in the screening group (83.2 vs. 131.5 per 100000 person-years; rate ratio, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.41 to 0.98]). Supplement 4. Tables However, the trial had several serious methodological limitations that gave it a high risk of bias (Table 2 of Supplement 4). One major concern is whether patients in both groups had the same risk for HCC. There is no information about randomization technique or allocation concealment and very little information about the baseline characteristics of the 2 groups, which is especially important in cluster randomized trials. Another concern is that weak methods used to ascertain the outcome measuredeath from HCCcould have introduced bias. If deaths were underreported in the control group, results could have been biased toward the null. On the other hand, if outcome adjudicators were not blinded, more deaths in the control group could have been misclassified as HCC-related, especially because the symptoms that define stage III HCC (cachexia, jaundice, and ascites) overlap substantially with symptoms of end-stage liver disease and no data were provided about liver disease severity in either group. Selective reporting and analysis of favorable outcomes were other concerns. Although the authors reported that vital status was available for all patients, overall mortality was not reported and there was no statistical adjustment for the effects of clustering. Finally, the study is less applicable to patients in the United States, in whom cirrhosis and thus HCC are usually secondary to hepatitis C, and the results probably have limited applicability to contemporary practice, in which the threshold for imaging for symptoms may be lower and the number of patients with incidentally discovered HCC on imaging is higher. The second trial used patient-level randomization stratified by township to assign patients with hepatitis B from 1989 to 1992 to the screening intervention (n= 3712), which consisted of serial -fetoprotein tests followed by ultrasonography for high -fetoprotein values, or the usual care group (n= 1869) (21). The population-based cancer registry used active case-finding techniques, and mortality was ascertained through the cancer registry and a population-based vital status registry. Cancer staging and cause of death were assessed by personnel blinded to intervention status. Only 28.8% of screening group participants completed all scheduled testing, but all participants completed at least 1 screening test. Fewer patients had stage III HCC in the screening group (19.8% vs. 41.0%; P value not reported). Hepatocellular carcinoma mortality was similar in both groups (1138 vs. 1114 per 100000 person-years; P= 0.86), as was all-cause mortality (1843 vs. 1788 per 100000 person-years; P value not s


Rural schools experience difficulty in filling teaching positions at higher rates than non-rural schools. Recruiting and retaining teachers are critical in these districts; however, because the term "rural" is variable, a one-size-fits-all response is not possible. Rural communities tend to be geographically remote, have a low critical mass of students with distinct disabilities, and have relatively few resources to provide differential support for students. In this context, special educators may find themselves in circumstances where they operate as general specialists who are responsible for addressing a broad range of student needs without the support of other related service providers (e.g., school psychologists, curriculum specialists, school counselors, speech and language pathologists). Garwood's article provides a catalyst to consider ecological system factors that affect burnout, attrition, and, as a consequence, instruction, particularly for students with disabilities. In this response, we view this issue from a perspective of rural schools, where the system contexts are varied and directly impact teacher-level variables, such as the ability to implement evidence-based practices (EBPs) with fidelity. Taking a developmental systems approach, we describe what makes rural settings unique and how these characteristics interact with the critical features of EBPs, as well as suggest how preparation and induction programs might better prepare and sustain teachers to adapt instruction to these rural contexts. We conclude with implications for practice and policy.


Annually, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issues a revised Adult Immunization Schedule that is approved by the major specialty soc...


Introduction Productivity measurement has become a major issue for university leaders. Federal and state governments support teaching and research with significant investments. When university leaders are seeking new funding, it is not uncommon that they need to justify their request with productivity measurement metrics and equally important research output consumption metrics. However, it is often very difficult for university leaders to generate these metrics as they lack access to relevant data and tools to analyse and visualize large amounts of data. Interested to address the diverse needs of university leaders, ProQuest and Indiana University analysed the ProQuest Dissertation & Theses Global (PQDT Global) database, an extensive and trusted collection of 3.8 million graduate study dissertations with 1.7 million full text records and editorially assigned metadata created by subject area experts. The database offers comprehensive North American and significant international coverage. Worldwide access to the database is logged at the dissertation level by ProQuest. Usage data mining is important for understanding user behaviour (Srivastava et al., 2000). The ProQuest Dissertations Dashboard released in 2014 provides easy access to dissertations, metadata, and usage data. It is available for free to leaders of any university that shares dissertation data with ProQuest.


This study examines the validity of valuations made using the descriptors in the subscales of the Psychiatric Impairment Scale (PIRS). Estimates of the item valuations on a 0–100 scale made by a group of psychiatrists trained in the use of the PIRS and a comparative group of patients with psychiatric disorders were compared. The results are contrasted with impairment ratings resulting from the use of the prescribed valuations of the descriptors. There was good agreement between the groups on the valuation of classes 1 and 2, but a substantial loss of discriminative ability for classes 3, 4 and 5. Valuations of the degree of disability for each class were, in all cases, much larger than the value obtained using the standard scoring system, suggesting that the level of impairment measured by the PIRS is undervalued. Questions are also raised regarding the reliability of the PIRS in use.


In the current study, two sites were selected from the city of Adhamiya, central Baghdad. The first site is the Adhamiya Corniche, which includes a sample of river water and the second includes domestic sewage in the same area. The total density of benthic invertebrates was 775 ind/m2, which is divided into 15 taxa. Biological indices were found, such as the stability index, the abundance index, the biodiversity index (Shannon's index), the homogeneity index, and the invader's guide. The result showed an increase in the density of benthic invertebrates, as well as an increase in the diversity of these organisms.


Free radical production in isolated hepatocytes and perfused liver after treatment of carbon tetrachloride was visualized by a digital imaging microfluorography using a fluorescent probe, dichlorofluorescin (DCFH). Hepatic cell damage was also analyzed by another probe, propidium iodide (PI). This technique allowed us a spatial and temporal analysis of carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress, and revealed a pathogenetic relevance of oxidative stress to hepatic zone 3 damage.


China won the first prize in this Asian Men's Basketball Championship after eight matches,but by the analysis on all the data of the Chinese Basketball Competition and the observation on the performance of the Chinese team,we find out that there are still some distances between China Team and the strong teams in the world.With the statistics and analysis on the technical indicators in the eight games: scores,the total number of attacks,field goal percentage,rebounds,turnover,we explore their commonalities,personality and analyze the factors for the distances between strong and weak teams,which will provide information for the training and competition.


With the exponential rise in technological awareness in the recent decades, technology has taken over our lives for good, but with the application of computer-aided technological systems in various domains of our day-to-day lives, the potential risks and threats have also come to the fore, aiming at the various security features that include confidentiality, integrity, authentication, authorization, and so on. Computer scientists the world over have tried to come up, time and again, with solutions to these impending problems. With time, attackers have played out complicated attacks on systems that are hard to comprehend and even harder to mitigate. The very fact that a huge amount of data is processed each second in organizations gave birth to the concept of Big Data, thereby making the systems more adept and intelligent in dealing with unprecedented attacks on a real-time basis. This chapter presents a study about applications of machine learning algorithms in cyber security.


Fecal samples of 60 turkey poults that showed chronic progressive symptoms like unthriftiness, loss of weight, diarrhea were collected from the most rural areas with high rate of turkey population in north and west part of country for intestinal protozoan parasites. According to the morphological characteristics, like shape, presence or absence of micropyle, and/or polar granule, the 5 different types of eimerian oocycts were diagnosed in the stool of infected birds, including E. adenoids, E. meleagridis, E. dispersa, Eimeria spp (E. innocua or E. subrotunda) and E. meleagrimitis. Various life- cycle stages of Eimeria were identified in the epithelial lining of inflamed intestine of the affected turkey poults.


Objective To investigate the apo-B gene polymorphism characters of cerebral infarction in Tianjin area.Methods PCR was used to compare apo-B gene expression in patients with cerebral infarction and control by case-control study.Results The major gene expression among the case and control groups were E +?X -,the relative frequency of E -?X + in case was outstanding higher than the control.The level of apo-A in patients with E + gene expression was significantly higher than that with E - gene expression.The level of apo-A in patients with X + gene expression was significantly lower than that with X - gene expression.The level of apo-B in patients with X + gene expression was significantly higher than that with X - gene expression.Conclusion The usual gene expression in Tianjin area were E +?X -,E -?X + gene expression were the risk gene expression of cerebral infarction.


ABSTRACT Sports mega-events tend to follow a top-down, increasingly neoliberal, developmental logic that reflects the aspirations and material interests of their host countries' elites. The 2010 Commonwealth Games (CWG), held in Delhi, India, falls within this pattern. It also provides valuable insight into the country's larger development trajectory. I locate the roots of the CWG's troubling effects, such as slum demolitions and securitisation of the city, not within neoliberalism per se, but within a paradigm of 'development' that equates 'progress' primarily with catching up with the West. I emphasise the striking similarities between the CWG's impact on Delhi, and that of the 1982 Asian Games, which India hosted while it was still following a state-interventionist development model. Much like the organizers of the CWG, the organisers of the Asian Games tried to convert Delhi into a 'modern' city cleansed of shanty towns and street vendors. Although this effort was ultimately unsuccessful, it produced many adverse consequences for the city's marginal populations. When compared, the legacies of the CWG and Asian Games indicate that it is the larger paradigm of development at work in India that ought to be questioned, not only how it is actualised through state-interventionist or free-market (neoliberal) policy.


This contribution envisages the study of the cities of Ceuta and Melilla as "laboratories" of plurilingualism, due in particular to the presence and contact of several languages. For in Ceuta and Melilla, Castilian is the official language, but the inhabitants of Moroccan origin and Muslim faith, who represent numerically the second most important community of cities, have as their mother tongue Tamazight in Melilla, and Dariya Or dialectal Arabic in Ceuta. These two languages are spoken by about 40% of their respective populations, a percentage which is higher than that of Basque speakers in the Basque Country. Unlike other Spanish bilingual regions, there has never been in these two enclaves, neither defense nor promotion of these languages spoken by the Muslim collective, only a recognition of the cultural plurality of their inhabitants.


Meteorological sounding of the upper atmosphere using the Acoustic Grenade Technique is accomplished by exploding rocket‐borne grenades in the altitude region 30–90 km and recording the acoustic pulses from these explosions on a ground‐based microphone array. The recorded acoustic pulses from the grenades exploded below 60 km are quite distinct, facilitating the measurement of the amplitude and length of the positive phase of the wave. Otterman [J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 31, 470–474 (1959)] Reed [J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 31, 1265 (1959)], and more recently Groves [Project Firefly 1962‐1963 (Ed. N. W. Rosenberg), AFCRL‐64‐364, p. 351] have published theoretical methods for calculating the amplitude and length of the positive phase of the wave. The relevant analytical expressions for all three methods are identical in form. Numerical results show that although the three methods yield different absolute amplitudes and lengths, their relative amplitudes and lengths are nearly the same. The lengths predicted by Reed ...


Short-term transplant outcomes have improved such that, if no rejection episodes occur, recipients of live donor grafts can now expect graft function to exceed 95% at 1 year and 90% after 5 years. Several studies have shown that acute rejection is the most significant risk factor for chronic rejection and potential surrogate for long-term graft failure. Several trials are now aimed at the reduction of early acute rejection episodes to improve long term graft survival.


Objective To investigate the ralation among the severity,prognosis,and blood osmotic pressure in severe craniocerebral injuries and to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.Methods To compare the blood sodium,sugar and osmotic pressure of 83 patients suffered from acute severe craniocerberal injuries.The detection results were analysed statistically with X test.Results The occurrence rates of hypermatremia,hyperglycemia and hyperosmolay in group GSC3-5 were higher than those in group GSC6-8.The mortality rate in GSC3-5 increased compared with group GSC6-8.Conclusion The severity of acute severe craniocerebral injuries relates to blood osmotic pressure.The higher the levels of blood sodium,sugar and osmotic pressure,the higher the mortality rate was.These parameters may be as useful indexes for judging the prognosis of patients with acute severe craniocerebral injuries.


In the present study, a new stereophonic playback system was proposed, where the cross-talk signals would be reasonably cancelled at an arbitrary listener position. The system was composed of two major parts: the listener position tracking part and the sound rendering part. The position of the listener was estimated using acoustic signals from the listener (i.e. voice or hand-clapping signals). A direction of arrival (DOA) algorithm was adopted to estimate the directions of acoustic sources where the room reverberation effects were taken into consideration. A Crosstalk cancellation filter was designed using a free-field model. To determine the maximum tolerable shift of the listener position, a quantitative analysis of the channel separation ratio according to the displacement of the listener position was performed. Prototype hardware was implemented using a microprocessor board, a DSP board, a multi-channel ADC board and an analog frontend. The results showed that the average mean square error between the true direction of a listener and the estimated direction was about 5 degrees. More than 80% of the tested subjects indicated that better stereo images were obtained by the proposed system, compared with the non-processed signals.


We present a summary of the activities of the Multi-Jet final states and energy flowsWorking Group of theHERA and the LHC workshop , 2007-2008. Among the more specific topics considered were th e status of and recent progress in higher order calculations, bot h in fixed perturbative expansions and in resummed approaches, recen t progress in the description of jets, including the description of for wa d jets, new calculations performed using kT -factorization and new determinations of unintegrated parton densities.


Industrial manufacturing environments are typically supported by a backbone network of technical control- and business information systems. To carry out daily work routines like maintaining technical processes or managing business information like sales and orders, different user groups as, e.g., IT management or engineers, need different forms of integrated and aggregated views on the information stored in and flowing through these systems. In this paper, we are building on recent advances in the fields of Information Integration, Semantic Web and Linked Data and report on an approach called RDFreduce to meet aforementioned needs. RDFreduce allows for the creation of custom aggregated views on heterogeneous RDF datasets. The aggregates are equipped with provenance information, in order to be tracked back easily to the datasets they origin from. An industrial use case of RDFreduce stemming from steel production especially aiming at integrating and aggregating information flows is presented.


The suppression of infinite kinetic-energy trajectories is related to the topological classification in non abelian gauge theories. The quantum-mechanical states of an SU( 2) gauge theory in the A = 0 gauge have been recently considered. 1' 2 'J The potential 0 energy of a configuration A.(~) (at a given time) is given by l. v(Al • The configurations that correspond to the f classical vacuum satisfy v(A] = 0, and are given by Ai(~) where g(!) is any continuous mapping from J-space to the group. For simplicity we consider only such mappings for which . exists:


INTRODUCTION
Helycobacter pylori (HP) infection is a public health problem in Latin America with a prevalence of infection of up to 70%. There are endoscopic findings associated with the presence of infection, however we do not know the current prevalence in Panama and if the endoscopic findings are related to HP infection.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the frequency of HP infection in patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and its association with HP infection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
An observational, cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 in the Gastroenterology service of Hospital Santo Tomás, Panama city. The frequency of HP infection in patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and the association of endoscopic findings with HP infection was evaluated.

RESULTS
In total, 1,281 digestive endoscopies were performed. 21.4% of the patients included in the study confirmed HP infection. In endoscopic findings, the presence of nodular gastritis has an association OR 4.32 (2.74-6.80) with the presence of HP infection. The presence of duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer were also significantly associated with the presence of HP infection, OR 3.71 (1.21-11.35) and OR: 2.59 (1.36-5.16).

CONCLUSION
This is the first study in Panama to evaluate the association of endoscopic findings and the prevalence in a cohort of patients with an indication for upper endoscopy with the probability of Helicobacterpylori infection in the last decade. We conclude that certain endoscopic findings in an appropriate clinical context could increase the diagnostic probability of HP infection in patients seen in Panama.


The present invention provides a double-side emission type indicating the second time information via a second side provided in a touch input can first display unit, the other side of the first surface or the first surface facing the first display unit, a touch in the second display portion capable of input, the first display unit and the sensing unit, and where deophim is released additional second display in accordance with the sensing unit signal supply either the position covering one display unit for the sensing the relative position 2 display portion a determination as to whether, in the first display unit and second display and control unit, the dual display device and a driving method for a control unit for controlling the receiving second display unit of touch inputs according to the relative position of the first and second display parts It relates.


Arterial adventitial cystic disease (ACD) is a rare type of non‐atherosclerotic peripheral vessel disease which results in intermittent claudication. There has been only a few cases reported in the past 50 years and its pathogenesis has been poorly understood. In ACD, it is the challenging goal of surgeons to reach a quick and correct diagnosis operation. A series of observations and treatment in one case of typical ACD were conducted to better understand the development and the diagnostic procedure of ACD.


Objectives: In this study, dental implants with three different tooth pitch are designed and tested under static loads and fatigue analysis. In order to reveal the strengths of the different implant designs in dental implant application, the experimental setup where real physical
 environments were created experimental data was obtained, and these data were compared with numerical data. Materials and Methods: It is difficult to find an analytical solution for problems involving complex geometries. For this reason, numerical methods such as finite element analysis
 (FEA) are used. For compared finite element results and experimental analysis a new experimental setup has been created to simulate the physical conditions inside the mouth. In this arrangement, the temperature is close to ideal with the acidic environment inside the mouth. Firstly, the geometrical
 implant system determined on the CNC machine was produced. Results and Conclusion: In this study, dental implant research with 3 different screw pitch was performed. The results obtained from the experimental results were compared with the results obtained from the numerical analysis
 and it was observed that the accuracy of the numerical analysis was approximately 95%. It was observed that the tensions were less in the dental implant with higher number of screw pitch. In terms of the difficulty of experimental studies, finite element analysis saved both time and money.
 Thanks to this method, different scenarios can be applied to the optimum design of the dental implant and it can be designed in a computer environment before applying to the patient.


Thermosetting polyester resin used in fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) is very difficult to be recycled since it cannot be re-molded like thermoplastic resin. In recycling thermosetting polyester resin, subcritical water with alkali was applied to hydrolyze ester bonds to obtain styrene-fumaric acid copolymer (SFC). SFC, subcritical water hydrolysate from thermosetting polyester resin, has a molecular structure of functional polymer. Alkali salt of the SFC has a same molecular structure as alkali salt of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) which is widely used in various kinds of high performance additives for aqueous applications. In these applications, dispersing agent, detergent builder, and surface sizing agent were selected for application of alkali salt of the SFC . The reaction product liquid contains sodium salt of SFC (SFC-Na). It was evaluated as dispersing agent and detergent builder. Ammonium salt of SFC (SFC-NH4) was evaluated as surface sizing agent for paper. The evaluation results were compared with that of commercial additives to verify the possibility to substitute them. The reaction product liquid showed superior dispersing effect to commercial dispersing agent for hydrophobic powder. It also showed superior alkali buffering capacity to commercial detergent builder. SFC-NH4 showed higher sizing effect than commercial sizing agent.


The culture generated within what has come to be known as the sharing economy focuses part of its debate on the future of the dissemination of knowledge and cultural industries in the digital era. This paper analyses from a multidisciplinary perspective, through the study of a specific hybrid example the remix website ninremixes.com, several economic, communicative and legal aspects fundamental to internet activist Lawrence Lessig´s proposal for a hybrid model, combining elements of the usual commercial trade of cultural property and that sharing economy.


Forecasting whether or not initial reports of disease will be followed by a major epidemic is an important component of disease management, guiding optimal deployment of limited resources for surveillance and control. For example, the probability that undetected cases arriving in different countries would lead to a major epidemic was estimated during the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic in West Africa, and in the ongoing epidemic in DR Congo. Standard epidemic risk estimates involve assuming that infections occur according to a branching process. Surprisingly, however, these calculations are carried out without the factors differentiating major epidemics from minor outbreaks being defined precisely. We assess implications of this lack of explicitness by considering three practically relevant potential definitions of a major epidemic; namely, an outbreak in which: i) a large number of hosts are infected simultaneously; ii) a large number of infections occur in total; and iii) disease remains in the population for a long period. We show that the major epidemic probability under these definitions can be similar to, or different from, the standard estimate. This holds in a range of systems, highlighting that careful consideration of what constitutes a "major epidemic" in each outbreak is vital for accurate quantification of risk.


As nonlinear feature extraction methods, kernel methods have been widely applied in pattern recognition. However, for high dimensional data such as face images, a kernel method corresponds to a high computational cost. In this paper, a novel idea and framework are presented to implement the kernel methods on high-dimensional data. A remarkable character of the framework is that there are two feature extraction processes. The first feature extraction process is performed to transform high dimensional samples into low dimensional data. And, the second feature extraction process is implemented based on the obtained low dimensional data. With the novel framework, the kernel methods become much efficient. Moreover, all kernel methods can work with the framework. The experiments on face images show the validity of this framework. Further more, with this framework, kernel methods can achieve higher classification accuracies in comparison with the naive kernel methods


It is introduced inertial anti-gravitational potential into the theory of gravity to stop gravitational collapse at the nuclear density and thus prevent singularities. It is considered effective gravity which includes Newtonian potential and inertial anti-gravitational potential. It is investigated footprints of the effective gravity in the solar system. The inertial anti-gravitational potential of the sun allows to explain the anomalous acceleration of Pioneer 10 and 11, the anomalous increase in the lunar semi-major axis, the residuals of the seasonal variation of the proper angular velocity of the earth, the anomalous increase of the Astronomical Unit, the anomalous shift of the perihelion of mercury.


preliminary report It to Abstract The impact of SARS-CoV-2 dominant global lineages to COVID-19 epidemics is for the first time modeled by an adaptation of the deterministic SEIR Model. Such a strategy may be applied worldwide to predict forecasts of the outbreak in any infected country. The objective of this study is to forecast the outcome of the epidemic in Brazil as a first cohort study case. The basic modeling design takes under consideration two of SARS-CoV-2 dominant strains, and a time-varying reproduction number to forecast the disease transmission behavior. The study is set as a country population-based analysis. Brazilian official published data from February 25 to August 30 2020 was employed to adjust a couple of epidemiological parameters in this cohort study. The population-based sample in this study, 4.2 Million Brazilians during the study period, is the number of confirmed cases on exposed individuals. Model parameters were estimated by minimizing the mean squared quadratic errors. The main outcomes of the study follows: The percentage values of non-symptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 hosts were estimated to be respectively (54 ± 9) % and (46 ± 9) %. By the end of 2020, the number of confirmed cases in Brazil, within 95% CI, is predicted to reach 6 Million (5-7), and fatalities would account for 180.10 3 (160–200).10 3 . Estimated forecast obtained preserving or releasing the NPIs during the last quarter of 2020, are included. Data points for extra three weeks were added after the model was complete, granting confidence on the outcomes. In 2020 the total number of exposures individuals is estimated to reach 13 ± 1 Million, 6.2% of the Brazilian population. Regarding the original SARS-CoV-2 form and its variant, the only model assumption is their distinct incubation rates. The variant SARS-CoV-2 form, as predicted by the SEIR adopted model, reaches a maximum of 96% of exposed individuals as previously reported for South America. By the end of 2020, a fraction in the range of 15–35 percentages of susceptible Brazilian individuals is to be depleted. Sufficient depletion of susceptibility (by NPIs or not) has to be achieved to weaken the global dynamics spread. two time periods apart by a 2-week gap. The fraction for South America prior to March 1 are D = 38%, G = 62%, and D = 4%, G = 96% in the period March 2020, 21-30. They also show running weekly average counts of sampled sequences exhibiting the D614 and G614 variants for South America between January 12 and May 12. The results are explained assuming the virus being more infectious. On the other hand, the authors did not find evidence of G614 effects on disease severity. As recently reported elsewhere, the Spike protein 614 polymorphism has little variance in growth rates among clusters and presented no significant difference in initial growth rates. 13 Those facts are incorporated in our model and evidences are demonstrated.


Doctors and other healthcare workers took to the streets of Moscow on 2 November to protest against the planned closure of more hospitals and other healthcare facilities in the Russian capital.

The plans to close 28 healthcare facilities—including 15 hospitals—in Moscow, which were leaked and published on the internet, are expected to result in the loss of thousands of healthcare jobs.1

Since 2000 the number of healthcare facilities in Russia has more than halved—from 10 704 facilities in 2000 to 4398 in …


Stuart J was a s8-year-old executive with a Fortune soo technology company that sold computer systems to large retail companies. Stuart had become an expert in supply-chain management, financial transactions, inventory control, and employee training, all of winch are key to success in the retail industry. After twenty-two years with the company, Stuart filt he was well paid. He received the full range of benefits, including health, life, and disability insurance, and he had a generous pension plan. He expected to work for the company until he retired in about ten years. Then he was fired. Stuart's company had merged with another large computer-systems provider. The resulting company consolidated the retail computer-systems groups from both companies, eliminating Stuart's division. Stuart received a six-month severance package that left him about nine-and-a-half years short of the income and benefits he had thought would carry him to retirement. Replacing his job proved impossible- perhaps because of age discrimination, perhaps because companies prefer to promote from within, or perhaps because Stuart's salary expectations were out of line with the reality of smaller companies in other fields. After eight months of frustration, humiliation, and intermittent depression, Stuart decided to start an entrepreneurial venture. His plan was to become a consultant, create a newsletter for his industry, and run conferences. The transition was harder than he had imagined. He had no support servias at his disposal, and organizing a limited liability corporation, setting up an accounting system, designing a logo, and even naming his new company took much more time than he had anticipated. Stuart earned nothing for eighteen months, borrowed against his pension, and strained his marriage. But, finally, he made it work. Last year, his fourth in operation, Stuart worked widi eight clients, published a monthly online newsletter, and ran a conference. Most important, he made a profit. Now, Stuart loves his work, takes great pride in the success he has built, feels it was agreatgrowth experience, and now believes that being fired was the best thing that ever happened to him. Stuart J is a later-life entrepreneur whose story reveals the issues and challenges that many other people are currently facing. Stuart found the world of traditional employment less welcoming to him at his age than he had hoped, but he had financial goals that he had thought he could not meet any other way. When he was unable to replace the job he had lost, he had to make another choice. Becoming an entrepreneur was difficult, but ultimately rewarding. Working for a large organization had provided structure, identity, and interaction widi a group of colleagues, but being a home-based entrepreneur gave Stuart tremendous freedom. Smart was also a winner at a game that most people lose. Most new business ventures fail, often leading hopeful entrepreneurs to financial problems and subsequent careers that are far below their capabilities and ambitions- or to second and diird tries at other ventures. STATISTICS ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG OLDER ADULTS While there are numerous studies of the United States workforce, few have collected information about entrepreneurship among older workers. Among the few diat have is The National Study of die Changing Workforce, which surveyed workers of various types, most recendy in 2002. The large sample used provides an in-depdi look at employment issues among the working population. The study clearly shows a strong association between age and entrepreneurship. Table 1 shows diat while 8 percent of workers ages 50-59 are small business owners, 12 percent of workers over 60 years of age own their own businesses. Similarly, 13 percent of workers 50-59 years old are classified as self-employed independent workers, while 26 percent of workers over 60 are selfemployed independent workers. …


The aim of this paper is to examine statistical convergence in a K¨othe sequence space, when the sequences have their entries in a non-archimedean field K which is both non-trivial and complete under the metric induced by the valuation | . | : K → [ 0, ∞ ) , which is denoted by K(B) .


ABSTRACT Novel electrophilic trisubstituted ethylenes, methyl and methoxy ring-trisubstituted butyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2C4H9 where R is 2,4,5-trimethyl, 2,4,6-trimethyl, 2,3-dimethyl-4-methoxy, 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy, 2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl, 2,3,4-trimethoxy, 2,4,5-trimethoxy, 2,4,6-trimethoxy, 3,4,5-trimethoxy were prepared and copolymerized with styrene. The monomers were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-trisubstituted benzaldehydes and butyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. All the ethylenes were copolymerized with styrene (M1) in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70°C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis and the structures were analyzed by IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. Decomposition of the copolymers in nitrogen occurred in two steps, first in the 200–500°C range with residue (2–5% wt), which then decomposed in the 500–800°C range.


1. The analytical tradition in sociology 2. Social mechanisms and explanatory theory 3. Action and interaction 4. Social interaction and social change 5. On causal modelling 6. Quantitative research, agent-based modelling, and theories of the social (with Yvonne Aberg) 7. Coda References.


BackgroundAging infrastructure in the US has gained quite a bit of attention in the past decade. Being one type of a critical infrastructure, embankment dams in the US require significant investment to upgrade the deteriorated parts. Due to limited budgets, understanding the behavior of structures over time through risk assessment is essential to prioritize dams. During the risk assessment for embankment dams, engineers utilize current and historical data from the design, construction, and operation phases of these structures. The challenge is that during risk assessment, various engineers from different disciplines (e.g., geotechnical, hydraulics) come together, and how they would like to visualize the available datasets changes based on the discipline-specific analyses they need to perform. The objective of this research study is to understand the discipline-specific visualization needs of engineers from US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) who are involved in risk assessment of embankment dams when they deal with large set of data accumulated since the inception of dams.MethodsThe requirements were identified through a three-phased research approach including interviews with engineers who are regularly involved in risk assessment processes, a card game and review of standards and published work on risk assessment of embankment dams.ResultsThis paper provides the findings of research conducted with engineers coming from different disciplines within USACE. Findings comprise discipline-specific visualization requirements of engineers for viewing large datasets, containing static data (e.g. design information) and time-series data (e.g. piezometer data, monument measurements etc.), accumulated since the inception of dams.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the visualization of the dam layout, components and geometry within 3D settings overlaid with sensor data (which could be queried based on engineers' discipline-specific needs) and data analytics results provide a better flexibility to engineers to understand the risk associated with potential failure modes.


A method was developed that allowed for the simultaneous extraction of six pesticides (three chloro-s-triazines, a substituted amide, an organic phosphate, and a benzoic acid derivative) from either sod or water samples. This rnethod utilizes two types of solid-phase extraction columns, one reverse phase, and one anion exchange column, connected in series to extract all six compounds from a single sample. After separate elution of the two columns, high pressure liquid chromatography was employed to analyze the benzoic acid derivative utilizing a C-18 column and paired Ion techniques with a detection limit of 6 {mu}g L{sup -1}. A gas chromatography equipped with a N-P detector, was used to analyze the remaining five compounds. The detectable limit for the chloro-s-triazines was 3 {mu}g L{sup -1} while the detection limit of the substituted amide was 6 {mu}g L{sup -1}. 11 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.


Cost control, which is an effective way to increase economic benefit, is the struggling direction of each enterprise. This paper introduces the connotation, target, measures and channels of cost control.


In their paper "A restatement of the case for fiscal autonomy" Hallwood and MacDonald (2006b) claim that Barnett is a formula for a rake"s progress and that fiscal autonomy, as outlined in their previous paper "The economic case for Scottish fiscal autonomy: with or without independence" (Hallwood and MacDonald, 2006a), offers a superior financial settlement for Scotland. We here restate our continued disagreements with their argument. We start with corrections of their interpretation of our paper "Flaws and myths in the case for Scottish fiscal autonomy" (Ashcroft, Christie and Swales, 2006) before highlighting where we believe their latest paper fails to provide answers to important questions we posed.


Static and dynamic techniques, including mercury quenching and differential thermal analysis, have been used to determine phase relations in the CaSO4-Ca2SiO4-CaF2 system without excessive (⪖ 1 %) volatilization occurring up to ∼ 1250°C. Melting commences at a ternary eutectic between Ca2SO4, CaF2 and 3CaSO4·3Ca2SiO4·CaF2 at 960 ± 5°C. Solid phases coexisting with melt at invariant points include α and α′ C2S, CaF2, CaSO4, and an apatite-structured phase 3CaSO4·3Ca2SiO4·CaF2 (fluorellestadite). Phase relations are also presented for three pseudobinary systems: fluorellestadite-CaSO4, fluorellestadite-CaF2 and fluorellestadite-Ca2SiO4. Reconnaissances of the CaO-Ca2SiO4CaSO4CaF2 system were made at 1000 and 1100°C. C3S and its fluorine-stabilized derivatives were not encountered at this temperature. However, extensive substitution of F− and SO2−4 in the dicalcium silicate phase results in a lowering of its α-α′ transformation temperature from 1447°C to as low as 1370°C.


Grapholita delineana (Walker) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Olethreutinae) is reported for the first time in North America, where it has gone undetected at least since 1943. The insect is established in seven or more eastern States, and the larvae feed on naturalized hemp, Cannabis sativa L. Adults are superficially similar to G. tristrigana (Clemens), with which they have often been confused. Characters suitable for differentiating the adults are found in their genitalia.