The objective of the present study consisted in analyzing the chromatic changes in filling resins Nanohybrids Opallis and Filtek Z350 XT by using two polishing systems; conventional polishing system and conventional polishing system plus resealing after being immersed in coffee for 30 days, evaluating the color stability and efficiency of conventional polishing system and conventional polishing system plus resealing.
The study was of type experimental in vitro, in which a total of 62 Filtek Z350 XT and Opallis A2 enamel composite resin samples were used, divided into 2 groups, being thirty for each trademark of resin.
Each group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the polishing system, subgroup 1, conventional polishing system and subgroup 2, conventional polishing system plus resealing and in each subgroup we worked with 15 samples, which were 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height, these were submerged in coffee for a period of 30 days. A sample was used as a control group for each resin.
The reading of the color was performed with the VitaEasyshade spectrophotometer before and after each experimental time.
The conventional polishing system plus resealing presented greater stability of color and efficiency against the conventional polishing system in the samples of the composite resin Filtek Z350 XT and Opallis. Color stability in Filtek Z350 XT resin using as a pigmenting agent to the coffee had a significant difference between the conventional polishing system and the conventional polishing system plus resealing, this being this the one that less changes presented.
Keywords: Color, Chromatic Stability, Composite Resin, Coffee, Pigmentation, Dental Polishing, Spectrophotometry.


Improved workforce learning is imperative for individual knowledge workers, for companies that depend on knowledge workers, and for the U.S. economy. Meeting this need requires innovative, restructured education and training organizations; integrated knowledge drawn from currently isolated sources; and widespread replacement of the traditional classroom with appropriate learning delivery technologies. In this concept paper, a powerful and holistic solution to workforce learning is proposed, called Learning Systems Integration (LSI). While similar to current U.S. corporate and military training as a process, LSI will be significantly different in practice because it will target knowledge workers, integrate knowledge from many sources, and utilize asynchronous technology as an essential component of learning. Thispaper concludes with an assessment of the prospects for improved knowledge workforce learning.


This paper aims to analyze the Christian Lapidary included in Codex Escurialensis &-II-16 ff. 233-248r (16th century), belonging to Diego Hurtado de Mendoza y Pacheco's library. The central topic stems from two Biblical passages (Ex. 28:15-30 and Ap. 21:17-21) containing a list of precious stones; an exegetical tradition based on classical sources assigned certain meanings and miraculous properties to this gems. The Christian Lapidary is among the most circulated and long-lasting medieval writings, from the 12th to the 18th century. This study unravels and presents the lapidary content after comparison with other classic and medieval lapidaries in order to get a more precise understanding. It also provides a short description of the historical genesis of Christian lapidaries, in connection with the particular cosmology of Medieval Latin Christian scholastic thought.


Neutralization of maleated EPDM rubber by zinc oxide results in an ionic elastomer. The rate and extent of the neutralization reaction increase by addition of stearic acid. Although the rubber is not easy processable as such, incorporation of zinc stearate at a loading of 30 phr makes the rubber behave the rubber behave like a thermoplastic during high temperature (≥ 150°C) processing. Furthermore, zinc stearate causes improvement in the physical properties of the rubber under ambient conditions. It is believed that zinc stearate acts as a reinforcing filler under ambient conditions and as a plasticizer for the ionic domains at higher temperature (that is, above its melting point, 128°C). The conclusions are based on the results of dynamic mechanical, rheological, and infrared spectroscopic studies. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Since the early 60s many rice-producing countries in Asia have launched agricultural diversification projects to stimulate farm productivity. However, these projects have succeeded in only a few countries. Perhaps, the pressures to diversify agriculture, especially the irrigated rice systems, were less compelling then than today. At present, the water supply scarcity in rice-based irrigation systems and the low price of rice in the world market will constrain irrigation personnel and farmers to veer away from monoculture rice systems. As rice irrigation systems can hardly maintain productivity and equity under limited water supplies, they will diversify into less waterdemanding non-rice crops. Similarly, as fanners continue to reel under low profits, sometimes losses, from rice farming, they will consider crop diversification. This paper examines the driving and restraining forces in crop diversification, especially in irrigated ricebased systems. Technical, social and institutional issues in crop diversification are being presented to provide insights on (1) how existing rice-based irrigation systems can be operated or rehabilitated to permit cropping systems flexibilities and/ or (2) designing and constructing new rice-based irrigation schemes for crop diversification.


Traditional method manually selected marking sign is slow speed and laborious on camera calibration,so a way was proposed based on edge extraction and shape coefficient in the paper.Firstly,Wallis filter was applied to image and edge was extracted based on Canny algorithm to Wallis filtered image.Then,through eight neighborhood track,edge of marking sign was detected based on edge length,distance of x-axis,y-axis of head and end node,shape coefficient and spectral information.The experiment was carried out,92% marking signs were extracted by this way.


Deep ecology,as the contemporary "green" philosophy returning to practice,explicitly advocates the practical wisdom of ecological holism.During the critical process of deep exploration to shallow ecological movement that focuses on human center doctrine,deep ecology fully reflects the rich and profound implication of the ethical practice,Open resource protection strategy,Radical eco-boycott strategy,Progressive green political strategy and Deep personal life strategy.


FIELD: biochemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method for production of synthetic chlorophyll (Chl) or bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) derivatives of general formula I , wherein X is O;. Claimed method includes interaction under anaerobic conditions of Chl, Bchl derivatives containing COOCH 3 -group in C-13 2 -position and COOR 3 -group in C-17 2 -position in presence of tetraethyl orthotitanate. Further compounds of formula I wherein R 1 and R 2 are different radicals are obtained in aproton solvent such as peroxide-free tetrahydrofurane and dimethyl formamide, and compounds of formula I wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same ones are produced by using R 1 OH as a solvent. Derivatives of present invention are useful as stabilizers, linkage/spacer for binding another acceptable molecules to Chl/Bchl macrocycle. EFFECT: simplified method for production of various chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll derivatives. 13 cl, 3 ex, 2 tbl, 8 dwg


Results of the experimental investigation of the electrorheological fluid flow with a free boundary, in particular, drop spreading over a substrate in an electric field are reported. Residual thixotropic effects and a change in the drop shape have been revealed. A dependence of the characteristic parameters of the drop (its height, radius and wetting angle) on an electric field intensity and observation time have been established.


The article analyzes the change in the quantitative composition of the agricultural machinery fleet of the most significant segments for agriculture - tractors and combine harvesters, as well as the reasons that served as a prerequisite for these changes. The implementation of state support programs for the reproduction of the material and technical basis of agricultural production is considered, namely: State Program for Agricultural Development and Regulation of Agricultural Markets, raw materials and food until 2025 and the Strategy for the Development of Agricultural Engineering in Russia until 2030, as well as changes related to the requirements imposed on Russian mechanical engineering organizations for the transportation of products and requirements for industrial products, presented for the purpose of its attribution to products produced in the territory of the Russian Federation and aimed at stimulating the production of components within the country. Until 2020, the equipment was recognized as produced in Russia, if a certain set of technological operations was performed domestically, starting from 2021, the manufacturer needs to score 30% of the maximum possible points. Taking into account the increase in the minimum threshold by 5%, the degree of localization by 2025 should be 80% of the maximum possible number, which currently seems to be a difficult-to-achieve task. Data of changes in the agricultural machinery market over the past 5 years is given, special attention was paid to the period of pandemic of new coronavirus infection of CoViD-19, paradoxical trends of sales growth in domestic and foreign markets, which occurred during this period, were revealed, an attempt to identify the reasons for the implementation of such a scenario was made. The assessment of the effectiveness of the procurement of new equipment as part of preferential subsidies in the regions of the Russian Federation was apprized.


This paper reports our submissions to the Cross Level Semantic Similarity (CLSS) task in SemEval 2014. We submitted one Random Forest regression system on each cross level text pair, i.e., Paragraph to Sentence (P-S), Sentence to Phrase (SPh), Phrase to Word (Ph-W) and Word to Sense (W-Se). For text pairs on P-S level and S-Ph level, we consider them as sentences and extract heterogeneous types of similarity features, i.e., string features, knowledge based features, corpus based features, syntactic features, machine translation based features, multi-level text features, etc. For text pairs on Ph-W level and W-Se level, due to lack of information, most of these features are not applicable or available. To overcome this problem, we propose several information enrichment methods using WordNet synonym and definition. Our systems rank the 2nd out of 18 teams both on Pearson correlation (official rank) and Spearman rank correlation. Specifically, our systems take the second place on P-S level, S-Ph level and Ph-W level and the 4th place on W-Se level in terms of Pearson correlation.


The study of human cooperation today is the current state of a continuous line of intellectual inheritance from Adam Smith and David Hume, through Thomas Malthus, Charles Darwin, and Emile Durkheim, and more recently the biologists William Hamilton and Robert Trivers. The work of these thinkers represents fundamental contributions to the nature of altruism and fundamental prosociality in humans. But Adam Smith led in another direction, through David Ricardo, Francis Edgeworth, and Léon Walras to contemporary neoclassical economics, that at least until recently recognizes only self-regarding behavior. seeing social policy the social material incentives that induce agents who care only for their personal to public Ethics, in this paradigm, no role motivating human


The response of the electron densities of GaAs and ZnSe to an external electric field was probed by measuring the variation of the integral intensity of several weak X-ray structure factors due to a field parallel to [1 1 1]. In the range − 3 kV/mm < E < + 3 kV/mm we found a nearly linear dependence of the relative intensity variation ΔR/R on E for low indexed reflections (2 2 2, 0 6 0) and an additional E2-dependence for higher-indexed ones (4 4 2, 6 6 6). The results are interpreted in terms of a bond-charge model. The linear effect can be interpreted by the redistribution of valence charges from bonds parallel to E into bonds lying oblique (bond-charge transfer) whereas the origin of the non-linear effect is still unclear. After the exclusion of lattice effects (piezo-electric effect, internal strain) it ought to be allocated to a charge density response of the core region.


It is important to estimate the true rate of return when we judge the effect of release. As a first step of the estimation, in this paper, we proposed a mathematical model by which we would like to clarify the variation mechanism of the rate of return. We showed that the rate of return r (t, y) could be written in the following formula under the assumption that it would be determined by the natural mortality coefficient M, the fishing mortality coefficient at the offshore fisheries F(t) in year t and the rate of maturity m(y) of age y: r(t,3)=m(3)exp[-(2+(3/4))M-(1/4)F(t)], r(r,4)=(1-m(3))m(4)exp[-(3+(3/4))M-(1/4)F(t-1)-(1/4)F(t)], r(t,5)=(1-m(3))(1-m(4))m(5)exp[-(4+(3/4))M-(1/4)F(t-2)-(1/4)F(t-1)-(1/4)F(t)]. Using this model it is possible to judge the effectiveness of offshore fisheries. We showed an example of a method of judgement. If F(t)is constant in the above formula r(t,y) is independent of t, so it is possible to estimate that values using the data of the released number and of the returned number by the least square method. As a result we obtained the estimated values using the data of all Iwate prefecture; r(3)=0.00107, r(4)=0.00380 and r(5)=0.000549.


Carbonate growth was examined within rock powders subjected to Marslike environmental simulations. Rates of growth under experimental conditions were 1012–1013 molecules cm−3 s−1 with or without an aqueous phase of H2O present and were found to be proportional to CO2 pressure, H2O abundance, and particle surface area. Direct ultraviolet illumination of powders was found not to affect carbonate growth significantly, but photochemistry of absorbed H2O was thought to play an important role in chemical alteration activity. Transitory damp periods induced in powders of some experiments by the melting of surface frosts were found to provide only slight assistance to the rate of growth in comparison with experiments in which sublimation of frosts occurred. Liquid water did, however, have a noticeable effect upon the distribution of carbonate material within experimental samples. On the basis of experimental results, carbonate formation is shown to be fully compatible with the low-pressure arid conditions characteristic of the present Mars surface environment. It is further concluded that carbonate formation is likely to be an important aspect of Martian chemical weathering, that carbonate material is likely to represent a major chemical reservoir for the outgassed CO2 inventory of Mars, and that in the absence of an aqueous phase of H2O in the environment this carbonate should form as submicron coatings on regolith particle grains.


Posterosagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) is the newest and most widely used technique for the treatment of anorectal malformation (ARM). Standardized assessment of clinical outcome after repairment of ARM can be measured by Klotz score. Klotz score can be used to examine anal function post PSARP. The aims of this research to evaluate the successful rate of PSARP in ARM patients measured by using Klotz score at The Department of Surgery Local State Hospital Arifin Achmad Riau Province. This research was an observational research, using cross sectional design, the population were medical records of ARM patients who had undergone PSARP with colostomy closure in The Department of Surgery Local State Hospital Arifin Achmad Riau Province from January 2009 until December 2013. The result showed the largest age group who performed PSARP was between 4 month-1 years old (58,82%). Among 57,81% were male and 32,35% were female. High lesion in male were found in 67,65% of ARM, whereas intermediet lesion in female were found in 14,70% of ARM. Rectouretra fistula was the most fistula in this research (35,30%). Almost patients in this research got full PSARP as a treatment (85,30%). Minor complication were found in 17,65% and no complications were found in 82,35%. Klotz score post PSARP at this research was categorized as good result 73,53% and best result 17,65%.


This work reports an experimental investigation of a liquid-solid fluidized bed involving inertial particles at a large Reynolds number. Owing to optical techniques and index matching, the statistics of the velocity fluctuations of both the particles and the liquid are measured for a wide range of the particle volume fraction αp. The dynamics of the fluctuations suggests that the flow possesses the following three properties: (1) The liquid volume involves a wake region in which vertical fluctuations are negative and an interstitial region where they are positive. (2) The statistics of the horizontal fluctuations are similar to vertical ones, except that they are symmetric. (3) Local instant particle fluctuations are proportional to liquid ones. Assuming these properties are true allows us to derive a model for the probability density functions (PDFs) of the two components of the velocity fluctuations of the two phases. This model involves a single reference PDF that is independent of αp and one weighting parameter for each phase. The weighting parameter of the liquid phase is an affine function of αp, which characterizes the volume of the wakes relative to that of the interstices. That of the particle phase depends on the preferential concentration of the particles, which tend to avoid the wakes at low αp. This model accurately describes the experimental PDFs up to the third-order moment and reproduces all their peculiar features: the skewness of the vertical fluctuations which reverses at a given volume fraction, the presence of exponential tails corresponding to rare intense events, and the symmetry between low and large volume fractions.


Background: Pesticides residues on foods are potentially toxic to humans. They may induce adverse health effects such as cancer, effects on reproduction, immune and nervous system complications. One of the important goals of public and environmental health officials is reducing exposure to pesticide residues on foods. Materials and methods: In the present study, 80 samples of cucumbers and 60 samples of tomatoes were collected from greenhouses and after preparation, dithiocarbamates (DTCs) residues were analyzed. Dithiocarbamates were determined using spectrophotometric method. During this procedure a mixture of cupper was shaped from the reaction between CS2 and the cupper after acid decomposition of the DTCs in a 3 trap responsive order. The concentrations of DTCs remnant were compared with MRLs and their daily intake were calculated and compared with ADI. Results: The outcome depicted that washing with water and peeling may able the reduction of absorption of daily intake of the rest of DTCs from 1.8% (as percent of ADI) in unwashed cucumbers to 0.6% ADI and 0.13% ADI respectively. The DTCs residues daily intake in unwashed tomatoes samples were 0.66% ADI and also in water-washed and peeled tomatoes were 0.43% ADI and 0.23% ADI respectively. Conclusion: The daily intake of DTCs was reduced by washing with water and peeling significantly. Although the estimated daily intakes of DTCs in the studied vegetables do not pose a health risk in consumers, but, because the entrance of fungicides into the human body by other commodities, these daily intakes are considerable.


The threats and challenges of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) invasion defense due to rapid UAV development have attracted increased attention recently. One of the important UAV invasion defense methods is radar network detection. To form a tight and reliable radar surveillance network with limited resources, it is essential to investigate optimized radar network deployment. This optimization problem is difficult to solve due to its nonlinear features and strong coupling of multiple constraints. To address these issues, we propose an improved firefly algorithm that employs a neighborhood learning strategy with a feedback mechanism and chaotic local search by elite fireflies to obtain a trade-off between exploration and exploitation abilities. Moreover, a chaotic sequence is used to generate initial firefly positions to improve population diversity. Experiments have been conducted on 12 famous benchmark functions and in a classical radar deployment scenario. Results indicate that our approach achieves much better performance than the classical firefly algorithm (FA) and four recently proposed FA variants.


Two Crab cavities were fabricated at KEK in 2006. After the completion of the assembly, a horizontal test is normally carried out for a superconducting cavity in KEK. The horizontal test is an overall test for the cavity without a beam. Both cavities achieved above an operational kick voltage of 1.4MV. Although the HER (High Energy Ring for electron) Crab cavity had no trouble, the LER (Low Energy Ring for positron) had a trouble of tuner operation. Due to the limited time, both cavities were installed into the tunnel at the beginning of Jan. in 2007. After the beam commissioning, it was found that this problem was not so much significant for the operation. The LER Crab cavity is being operated above 1A at present.


Abstract An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic effect of Tulsi. After pre-preparation in one part of plant material (50 gm) eight parts water (400 ml) was added and boiled till it reduced to 100 ml. Three doses mild (0.3 ml), moderate (0.6 ml) and maximum (0.9 ml) were prepared. Zero dose was used for control group as placebo, which was of distilled water. A total of 24 adult albino rats were used for study. Four groups were made for different doses of the plant. Each of the group was containing six rats. The dose was injected intraperitonially to rats. The 'rat tail method' was used to find out the analgesic effect. Tulsi showed an increase of 20.34 per cent from mild dose, 43.80 per cent from moderate dose and of 51.47 per cent from maximum dose. The effect would remain up to 3 hours with all the three doses. The analgesic activity showed by Tulsi was statistically significant with all the three doses [P < 0.01]. The higher concentration of dose showed better efficiency. The results depict that Tulsi had a long lasting analgesic effect so can be effective in chronic pains.


This article presents the key results of an analysis of time concepts in poetic cycles of R.M. Rilke and B. Pasternak. The author emphasises the isomorphism of evolution of ideas of time in the late works of the poets.


Mach-Zehnder modulators fabricated by gallium diffusion in y-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO) are presented. The measured halfwave voltages are 6.2 and 3.2 V when the electrode lengths are 0.4 and 0.8 cm, respectively. By calculating the overlap integral between the modulating electric and the guided optical fields, the value of the electrooptic coefficient is found in good agreement with that of the bulk LiNbO, which indicates no significant degradation in is induced by the in-diffused gallium atoms.


The SPI was applied in food industry widely,but its functionalities may change during storage. The effect of store temperature,time,RH and package material on emulsibility and the component of SPI were studied,when SPI was packaged in 100% N2 and Al,80%N2∶ 20%CO2 and Al,60%N2∶ 40% CO2 and Al,vacuum and Al,white paper/plastic/HDPE,and PE and then stored for 5 months in the conditions of RH 80% and 30℃. It was shown that the 7S/11S of SPI only packaged in PE decreased significantly(p0. 05),while the subunit of SPI would lost in different levels and obviously in PE. It was observed by SDS PAGE that the subunit of SPI disaggregated and molecules aggregated. Comparing the functionalities of SPI with different packaging material,it was shown that the sequence of the barrier property of material to temperature and RH was Al packagingfactory packagingPE packaging. Focusing on the sulfydryl group and disulfide bond,it was found that the content of sulfydryl decreased while disulfide bond increased. Analyzed by relatedness,it was shown that the 7S/11S of SPI with PE packaging storage was not significant with emulsibility. The content of SH with PE was significantly positive with emulsibility(EAI 0. 975* */ESI 0. 985* *),but the S S of SPI in PE was significantly negative(EAI 0. 975* */ESI0. 967* *) correlation with emulsibility.


The potential for transmission of Babesia microti by blood transfusion is well recognized. Physicians may be unaware that products used for transfusion may be collected from geographically diverse regions. We describe a liver transplant recipient in South Carolina who likely acquired B. microti infection from a unit of blood collected in Minnesota.


Objective To promote the application of angioplasty and stenting technique for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis in China. Methods The angioplasty and stenting were performed in 12 cases with carotid artery stenosis, of which 7 were symptomatic. Of 12 cases, 10 were atherosclerotic and the other 2 were of Takayasu′s disease. Results 11 stents were successfully implanted. Minor stroke occurred in 2 cases during the procedure and both were completely recovered with thrombolytic treatment in less than 1 hour. Follow up of the 11 cases 6 months through 4 and half years, no restenosis and ischemic symptoms were revealed. Conclusion Endovascular stent placement for carotid artery occlusive disease is evolving to an accepted alternative to surgery. The use of cerebral protection during the proceture is needed in the future.


By the example of studying the drilling cuttings from the carbonate deposits of Bashkir age it is shown that lithologic-petrographic, physic-mechanical, mineralogical and geochemical properties of cuttings change at the opening of stratigraphic boundaries. Cappametric research proves that the petromagnetic units, as a rule, coincide with the stratigraphic ones, but in some cases the analysis of the petromagnetic rhythm allows to refine the stratigraphic boundaries.


This paper aims to study the Xenogeneic creature's ethical choice from the perspective of scientific ethics and legal ethics by analyzing the existing problems, construction methods, and failure reasons of orc self-identity in The Island of Dr. Moreau. By analyzing the orcs' survival dilemma, the author of this paper finds out that the orcs' failure of self-identity is closely related to the lack of ethical constraints on scientific experiments and the lack of moral considerations in the formulation of laws.


Special Issue Editors: Wiebke Bleidorn, Christopher Hopwood, & Johannes Zimmermann Deadline: April 15, 2021 There is emerging evidence that personality changes in response to normative maturational processes, life events, and purposeful interventions. This work has considerable importance for clinical assessment, public policy, and our basic understanding of the mechanisms underlying individual differences in human behavior. However, common assessment tools have not been optimized to detect when, how, and why personality changes. The goal of this special issue is to publish a series of papers that makes a unique and novel contribution to the assessment of personality change. Papers relating to, but not limited to, the following are encouraged:


To determine the effects of delivery by caesarean on serum levels of N‐terminal fragment of precursor protein brain‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP).


Purpureocillium lilacinum is a filamentous, asexual and hyaline fungus. As cosmopolitan, it is found in soil as saprophyte and pathogen of insects and nematodes. P. lilacinum is considered an important opportunistic pathogen causing hyalohyphomycosis, which affects children and adults, whether immunocompetent or immunocompromised. Data on immunological mechanisms related to host-pathogen interactions are unusual. In this study, three distinct isolates of P. lilacinum, obtained from human clinical cases, were put to interact in vitro with both wild-type and transgenic (iNOS-KO) mice macrophages. After 14h of incubation, fungal germ tubes were observed, suggesting active metabolism of the pathogen, as well as the development of septate, branched hyphae within the macrophages. Ultimately, at 24h, the macrophages were entirely destroyed. Different results regarding the interaction and macrophages destruction rate were found and corroborated among the three strains used. Nevertheless, similar levels of MMP-9 and IFN-\F061\F020 were observed. P. lilacinum was able to induce significant modulation of CD11b, CD14, CD18, CD38 and CD80 surface markers in the peritoneal macrophages of the iNOS-KO lineage. The results of this study allow us to conclude that P. lilacinum is able to infect, modulate and destroy macrophages in vitro, the first cells to interact with the pathogen in immunodeficient mice


Abstract : The effective representation of the littoral ocean environment has been a long-standing challenge for the Modeling and Simulation (M&S) community. The need for such a representation continues to grow, as the U.S. Navy refocuses from deep ocean to littoral missions. One of the greatest challenges of the littoral region is the wide range of spatial and temporal scales that must be represented. For example, the cross-shore gradients of important oceanographic parameters are typically an order of magnitude larger than the along-shore gradients. Unfortunately, the representation techniques typically employed by the real-time M&S community are not well suited to this extreme range of scales. These representations have included regular Cartesian and geodetic grids, as supported by the IEEE 1278.1a-1998 Gridded Data protocol. This paper describes the application of grids based on an orthogonal curvilinear system to the littoral environment. Orthogonal curvilinear grids were originally developed by the computational fluid dynamics community to improve the simulation of fluid flow. Such grids are now routinely used in numerical models of the littoral ocean environment. They allow a wide range of spatial scales while preserving key boundaries and maintaining some of the traditional advantages of gridded representations. One of the distinctive advantages of the use of an orthogonal curvilinear grid systems is the economy of computational and storage resources that can be attained. Methods for generating operational grids and practical aspects of employing them in the STOW Synthetic Natural Environment are discussed.


Using a density functional theory based approach that treats the 5f electrons relativistically, a Pu electronic structure with zero net magnetic moment is obtained, where the 5f orbital and 5f spin moments cancel each other. By combining the spin and orbital specific densities of states with state, spin and polarization specific transition moments, it is possible to reconstruct the experimentally observed photoemission spectra from Pu. Extrapolating to a spin-resolving Fano configuration, it is shown how this would resolve the extant controversy over Pu electronic structure.


The style connotation of pile domino effect was analyzed. We evaluated subjectively and impersonally 12 samples with SD and KES system. The factors were introduced which influence the pile domino effect and the correlativity was described between the evaluated results subjectively and impersonally.


The temperature dependence of the pyroelectric coefficient, γs, of RbTiOAsO4 single crystals grown by seeded pulling from high‐temperature self‐fluxes has been studied in the low‐temperature range. The results show that in the 4.2–250 K temperature range the γs(T) behavior is similar to those of the isomorphic crystals belonging to the KTP (KTiOPO4) family of compounds, and at temperature of 250 K the RTA pyroelectric coefficient γs = –(5.6 ± 0.3) × 10–5 C/m2 K. However, at temperatures above 275 K, the superionic conductivity increases significantly, while the electrical conductivity originating from the release of charge carriers associated with trace impurity point defects increases additionally above room temperature. These effects have been taken into account in experimental evaluation of the true γs values, especially above 275 K. The peculiarities revealed in the RTA pyroelectric coefficient temperature dependence are also discussed in terms of the structural changes associated with the temperature increase and isomorphic ion substitutions. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The solar irradiance monitor (SIM), with the design accuracy of 5%, used to monitor the secular changes of the total solar irradiance on FY-3 satellite, takes the sun-scanning measurement method on-orbit. Compared to the sun-tracking measurement method, this method simplifies the structure and cuts the cost, but the measuring accuracy is affected by the sun-synchronous orbit, sunlight incidence angle and the installing angle of the SIM in the satellite. Through the ground calibration experiment, studies on the affection of different sunlight incidence angles to the measurement accuracy. First, by the satellite tool kit (STK) simulation software, simulates the orbital parameters of the sun-synchronous satellite, and calculates the Sun ascension and declination at any time. By the orbit coordinate transformation matrix gets the components of the Sun vectors to the axes of the satellite, and base on the components designs the field of view and the installing angles of the SIM. Then, designs and completes the calibration experiment to calibrate the affection of the incidence angles. Selecting 11 different angles between the sunlight and the satellite X-axis, measures the total solar irradiance by the SIM at each angle, and compares to the irradiances of the SIAR reference radiometers, and gets the coefficient curves of the three channels of the SIM. Finally, by the quadratic fitting, gets the correction equations on the incidence angles: 5 2 3 R1 5.71x10-5α2 - 2.453 10-5 α2 1.0302, R2 = 2.84×10-5α2-1.965x10-3α+1.0314 and R3 =1.72x10-5α2-4.184x10-4α+0.9946. The equations will improve the on-orbit measurement accuracy of the solar irradiance, and are very important to the on-orbit data processing after the satellite launched.


Objective Objective To investigate KAP about health among rural residents in Chaoyang district,Beijng. Methods A survey was conducted by in-home or group interview among 900 rural residents selected by cluster random sampling. Results Almost half of residents could use water supply and water closet. Only half of residents did physical examination, 38.9%of residents often did physical exercise 53.4% now and then did, 7.7% never did. Correct answer rate about route of transmission of atypical pneumonia was 64.9%. Many people held the wrong conception that canine madness wasn't infected by animals other than dogs. Conclusion Most of rural residents haven't good health behavior. Health condition and life environment of rural residents should be improved.


Extinction coefficients for pure and doped single crystals of potassium chloride have been measured with the use of polarized X-rays and subsequent analysis in terms of Zachariasen's theory of X-ray diffraction from real crystals. The sizes of the mosaic domains and the angles of misorientation between them have been determined from the extinction coefficients corresponding to copper and cobalt radiations. It has been observed that with increase in doping the sizes of the domains diminish and the misorientation between them increases.


Standard magnifying endoscopy has around 100 fold magnifying power. Intra-epithelial papillary capillary loop (IPCL) pattern is diagnosed with it. Narrow band imaging system (NBI)is extremely useful to recognize IPCL well as a brown spot. In IPCL type classification, type Ⅰ mainly includes normal epithelium. Type Ⅱ corresponds to inflammatory change or non-neoplastic tissue and type Ⅲreflects border line lesions. Type Ⅳ strongly suggests carcinoma in situ. Type Ⅴ-1 is definitely diagnosed as carcinoma in situ. Endocytoscopy has around 500 fold magnification, which enables observation of cell and nucleus. Endocytoscopic images are classified into 5 categories from normal epithelium to malignant tissue as endocytoscopic atypism classification( ECA classification). ECA Ⅳ and Ⅴ are considered to be treated in clinical setting.


Article history: In this paper, a new framework has been developed for compatibility analysis of predictive climatic variables distribution with reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in probabilistic analysis of water requirement. Initially, measured monthly meteorological data of four cities of Iran including Kerman, Shiraz, Ramsar and Babolsar synoptic weather station recorded from 1961 to 2003 were considered based on De Martonne climate classification. Then monthly ETo was calculated using FAO-Penman-Moentith (FAO-PM), and optimum Probability distribution function (PDF) was determined. The Chow method has been used for frequency analysis, and compatibility analysis was implemented on results. Based on the results, the Generalized Pareto (GP) was selected as optimum PDF for ETo. Results showed that the optimum PDF for minimum and maximum temperature, solar radiation and relative humidity is GP which had compatibility with EToPDF. Eventually, obtained results in compatibility analysis framework were confirmed using Correlation analysis. The proposed methodology developed in this research has application capability in probability scheduling of design water requirement, and can be utilized to optimize probability estimate of water requirement. © 2014 Razi University-All rights reserved


Climate change and variability have been identified globally as a major challenge to food security especially in Arid and Semi-Arid lands (ASALs). Agriculture and smallholder farmers have also been identified as the most vulnerable, mainly due to the former being rain-fed and the latter having inadequate adaptive capacity to the dynamics of climate change and variability. This study, therefore, sought to determine the social-economic factors that influence the adoption of adaptation strategies for climate change and variability, among smallholder farmers in Igambang'ombe Sub-County, Tharaka Nithi County. A descriptive research design was applied. Systematic random sampling was used to select the respondents and a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed-ended questions was used for data collection. Observations and interviews were carried out, while systematic random sampling was used to select the respondents. Correlation analysis was used to assess which socio-economic factors influenced the adoption of adaptation strategies to climate change and variability. Some of the adaptation strategies considered included; accessed weather information Ox-ploughing and herbicide use for preparation, terracing and intercropping, crop and variety diversification The study showed that age (42%), farmer's farming experience (40%), and level of education of the household head (24%), were the key socio-economic factors influencing the adoption of adaptation strategies to climate change and variability. Adaptation of climate change and variability adaptation strategies was also associated to access and frequency of extension services. Access to farm subsidy and credit was also important. Farmers and agriculture stakeholders needed to upscale training, guided by specific socio-economic farmer characteristics.


The paper analyzes existing methods for studying the lower jaw of a person, reveals their shortcomings. A review of the results of many years of research shows that the use of the finite element method and the boundary element method is the most promising for determining stress and strain in biosystems. For the first time, a numerical-analytical version of the boundary element method was used to calculate the lower jaw in the form of a flat non-rectangular frame. An algorithm is developed for a numerical-analytical version of the boundary element method and its calculated relationships for flat frame structures. The finite element method is implemented in a modern universal software package. All research results are in good agreement.


1 Essay testing has traditionally served as a means by which students' understanding of structural interrelationships between concepts could be evaluated and promoted. However, essay test scores frequently suffer from poor reliability and validity, and the time required to evaluate essay test respo;ses may be prohibitive in large classes. This paper discusses an alternative procedure for measuring and promoting structural understanding which overcomes many of the problems encountered when using essay tests. In Experiment I, numerical judgments of the strength of relationships existing between concepts from three units of undergraduate general psychology were obtained from between 81 and 103 students. Both the reliability with which these judgments were made and the similarity between students' judgments and those of the instructor were found to be significantly correlated to students' essay test scores over the same three units. Previous to this research, judgment reliability has served only as a criterion by which relationship judgment data was judged acceptable or unacceptable for further analysis through multidimensional scaling (MDS). Importantly, MDS analysis of relationship judgments was not necessary in order for these judgments to serve as an effective means of evaluating structural understanding in the present research. Consequently, only those relationship judgments on which experts show strong agreement need be considered. Multidimensional scaling analysis, in contrast, requires that all judgments, even those which may be unstable, be obtained and utilized in evaluations of cognitive structures. Experiment II demonstrated that restricting relationship judgments to these high-reliability concept pairs increased the accuracy of predictions of essay scores from predictor Structural Understanding


Nursing students joined thousands of demonstrators in London to protest against the government's proposed cuts to education funding and an increase in the student fees cap.


In recent years,China has witnessed a rise of the newly-established universities,which has become a vital part of China's higher education.At the beginning of the first development,the newly-established universities will encounter many difficulties such as the alteration of conception,disciplines' development,and talents' cultivation.In this thesis,it attempts,through building up a scientific discipline system and an interactive teaching classroom with the students as center,to propose the new methods and measures of discipline reforms and to enhance the teaching quality for cultivating new applicable English talents serving the local regions.


Metrized graphs are nonarchimedean analogues of Riemann surfaces, and Arakelov-Green functions on these graphs are of fundamental importance for some aspects of arithmetic geometry. In the present paper, we give an explicit formula for an admissible Arakelov-Green function on a metrized graph, extending Cinkir's formula for the canonical Arakelov-Green function. Based on our formula, we present and implement an algorithm in the computer algebra system SageMath for explicitly computing such functions. We illustrate our algorithm with computational examples.


– Multi-view learning is a natural, yet non-standard new problem setting; in brevity: learning from instances that have multiple independent representations. It is motivated by several interesting application areas; they include semi-supervised and unsupervised learning from linked objects, such as web pages and scientific literature. – A recent result by Abney [1] suggests that there may be an underlying principle which gives rise to a family of new methods: The disagreement rate of two independent hypotheses upper-bounds the error rate of either hypothesis. By minimizing the disagreement rate on unlabeled data, the error rate can be minimized. In the last 2-3 years, several new methods have been proposed which appear to utilize this consensus maximization principle in one way or another. However, in many cases the contributors are not to the full extent aware of the relationships between their methods and a possible common underlying principle.


To overcome the disadvantages of existing omnipotence tool-microscopes,this paper has presented an ameliorative method based on image measurement technology.It adopts CCD(Charge Coupled Devices) image measurement technology and greatly improves measurement precision and reduces operation intensity.After presenting the structure and working principles of the measuring system,this paper has established the system mathematic model and made an analysis on system error.The system designed has a measuring scale of 200 mm×100 mm and precision of 1 μm.


Pinball playing is a fad, or an attempt by a diffuse group responding to a shared stress of fairly brief duration to differentiate social roles and identities. It is simultaneously a type of game, with rules, roles, meanings and consequences, a form of play,' and a synecdoche of everyday experience. Whether it is called "stressseeking" (Klausner, 1968; Scotch and Levine, 1970); "risk-taking" (Kogan and Wallach, 1964); "aleatory risk-taking" (Short and Strodbeck, 1 966); "action" (Goffman, 1967); "expressive self-testing" (Roberts et al., 1966; Roberts and Wicke, 1971), or attributed to cultural and ecological factors in society (Ball, 197 1 a, 197 1 by I97 1 c), there is a class of behavior with identifiable properties of considerable interest to intellectuals.2 Once this generic characterization is drawn, however, a set of additional dimensions of the use of games in social science appears to be required. Some analysts utilize the game model as an objective set of facts, identified and characterized by


Recent improvements in implantable devices in medicine have increased the need for a wireless power delivery channel through human tissue. In this paper, we present a power transmission antenna concept inspired by the discharge of electric eels through water. This antenna concept is compared to the traditional electrode pair antenna and found to be capable of focusing electric energy to certain areas.


lacks the detachment necessa; y for a successful -textbook; contrarily, the underlying scientific observations which support the author's proposals are described too sketchily to satisfy the research -worker.. All the illustrations are line drawings, but no clue is given to their scale or to the method of preparation of the specimens from which they were obtained. Fig. 38 on page I04 conveys absolutely nothing. It would be unfair not to mention that the classification of bacteria suggested in the book sounds interesting.


Diabetes, which causes oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage, is still one of the most important chronic health problems in the world. It can cause serious cellular loss and damage throughout the course of the disease. It is hypothesized that increased oxidative stress in this process increases free reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic markers and causes diabetic damage. Alpha-Lipoic acid (α-LA), which has a direct antioxidant effect in ROS reduction reactions, is also among the main components of the antioxidant system that works for free radical control and apoptosis. To understand the role of α-LA in reducing diabetes-induced oxidative damage, we examined the production of ROS in the brain cortex and erythrocytes of rats and their effects on markers of apoptosis.
 Forty adult Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups as control, α-LA, diabetic (DIA), and DIA+α-LA. For the induction of diabetes, the intraperitoneal injection of a dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg) was used. α-LA (50 mg/kg) was applied to the groups of α-LA and DIA+α-LA for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the brain cortex tissue and erythrocyte samples were taken from the rats.
 The levels of apoptosis, caspase 3, caspase 9, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ROS, and lipid peroxidation were increased in the STZ group, although their levels were decreased in the DIA+α-LA group by the injection of α-LA. The STZ treatmentinduced decreases of cell viability, reduced glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase were increased in the brain and erythrocytes by the treatment of α-LA.
 In conclusion, diabetes acted a role in neuronal damage caused by increased ROS and apoptosis. We observed that α-LA induced a modulatory role on the apoptotic, oxidant, and antioxidant parameters in the brain and erythrocyte. The neuroprotective role of α-LA treatment may be explained by its modulating activity against increased oxidative stress and apoptosis.


Inter-regional cooperation is important in the implementation of regional autonomy in improving the implementation of development and public services which is transparent, accountable, effective and efficient. Various administrative barriers and resource management in the region are considered necessary to reform the regional administration and governance among others by improving the quality of human resources, improving and accomplishing local revenue as well as cross-sectoral cooperation among the regions, in order to be able to face the national pressure and to facilitate globalization stream.


Osseointegration of dental implants is the key factor of successful restorations.With the deep research,theoretical development,formation mechanism and influencing factors of bone-implant osseointegration give us much dialectic thought.From the dialectic perspective,the author argues the dialectics of theory and practice,the dialectics of reason and result,the dialectics of internal cause and external cause in osseointegration of dental implants to promote development of dental implantation.


The role of sex steroids in the establishing and maintenance of cognitive functions is widely recognized. In vivo experimental studies have shown that testosterone affects learning and memory, independently or by conversion to estradiol [22]. In sharp contrast with the course of reproductive aging in women characterized by dramatic decline in the levels of circulating estrogens, men experience a slow and continual decline in circulating androgens during aging. This age-related, progressive decline in serum testosterone contributes to multiple psychosexual, physiological and cognitive changes referred to as andropause [4]. Epidemiological studies suggest a complex, curvilinear relationship between the levels of plasma testosterone and cognitive function in men, such that both high and low levels of testosterone associate with poor cognitive performance [15]. However in elderly men free or bioavailable testosterone positively correlate with cognitive performance; men classified as hypogonadal have significantly lower scores on memory measures and exhibit a faster rate of memory decline [17, 23]. Could age-related androgen deficiency be a contributing factor to the risk of Alzheimer's disease in men? Men with Alzheimer's dementia are more likely to have lower levels of total testosterone independent of confounding factors suggesting that low total testosterone is either a co-morbid feature of AD or a factor that exacerbates disease progression [11]. Lower total testosterone levels are also observed in cognitively healthy ApoE e4-positive men compared to nonApoE e4 carriers suggesting that as these subjects age, ApoE4 and testosterone interact to increase the risk of AD [12]. An androgen receptor polymorphism was found to associate with early onset AD in men and not in women [14]. Prospective longitudinal studies addressing the question whether testosterone deficiency precedes or follows the onset of Alzheimer's disease are still lacking. This is in part due to the fact that there is a lack of consensus in terms of the cut-off value for testosterone levels used for determining hypotestosteronemia [10]. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies support the connection between low testosterone and cognitive decline and show that testosterone either independently or by conversion to estradiol can modulate processes relevant to Alzheimer's disease pathology. Testosterone can reduce the production of Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides by neuronal cells in culture, and protect neurons from various cytotoxic such as well as prevent the hyperphosphorylation of tau [1,6–9,19]. Studies in senescence accelerated mice have revealed that aging and reduced testosterone levels interact and result in learning and memory deficits that can be corrected by chronic treatment with testosterone [8]. Testosterone treatment improved working memory in aged rats and altered the levels of NGF in the hippocampus [2]. Studies in human ApoE-expressing transgenic mice have shown that ApoE4 associates with reduced androgen receptor levels in the neocortex in both genders and that androgendependent pathways protect male mice from ApoE4induced behavioral deficits [20].


THE GOVERNMENT'S task force on involving staff in the National Health Service will include front line staff, health secretary Frank Dobson pledged this week.


Soon after an Australian organisation introduced a performance management system (PMS), the researchers asked employees to comment on their attitudes to the PMS. In addition, key stakeholders, mana...


As additive manufacturing (AM) develops and matures over the years, it has reached a stage where implementation into a conventional production system becomes possible. With additive manufacturing currently suitable for product personalization/high customization yet small volume production, there are various ways of implementation in a conventional production line. This aim of this paper is to explore the implementation of additive manufacturing in a complementary manner to process internal job orders of large quantities in make-to-stock (MTS) production. Splitting of production orders is allowed and production can be carried out by both injection moulding and additive manufacturing processes simultaneously, with the latter being able to produce various MTS parts in a single build. NSGA-III together with scheduling and rule-based heuristic for allocation of parts on build plate of additive manufacturing process is used to solve the multi-objective implementation problem, with performance measures being cost, scheduling and sustainability. The algorithm will be incorporated with scheduling and rule-based heuristic for allocation of parts on build plate of additive manufacturing process. An experiment using an industry case study is conducted to compare the performance measures with and without implementing additive manufacturing.


The recombinant baculovirus is injected into a larva or pupa. The hemolymph or tissue are harvested. The protein is purified from soluble fractions using standard chromatography columns. INR values for 130 plasma samples from patients receiving warfarin showed good agreement between methods (Figures 2 and 3; mean INR 3.06; 3.09 and 3.02 for sbPT, PTA and PTB respectively. Most INR were within 0.5 INR units (99% for PTA and 96% for PTB). All three PT methods exhibited similar sensitivity to FII deficiency, while sbPT was more sensitive to deficiencies of FV, FVII and FX and coagulation defects in liver disease.


The connection between mass culture and literature has grown extensively over the years. This is evident in the works of Manuel Puig, whose regard for popular culture, particularly films, is undeniable. He cinematically appropriates his characters, themes, narration, and plot making, such as the source text, instead of being the translated material. This paper is an exploration of gender politics and identity through the lens of the characters portrayed in the following texts: (1) Betrayed by Rita Hayworth (1968), (2) Heartbreak Tango (1996), (3) Kiss of a Spider Woman (1973), and Pubis Angelical (1979). The contention of this paper revolves around the influence of mass culture, particularly the role of films towards identity construction, specifically on gender-where issues like politics, patriarchy, and nationalism were taken into consideration. It is clear that the characters negotiated their identity through films which functioned as their threshold to consciousness, escape, and expression contrary to the society they're living in. Furthermore, the themes reinforced the discourse of gender politics making the texts a tool for criticism towards the strict conventions imposed by the Boom period; making Puig's writing a form of protest and a commentary on the issues relevant to the time and milieu the texts were written.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to use of paraffin base oil in lubrication oil to reduce nitrogen emissions from a compression ignition engine, where paraffin base oil contains (i) a continuous range of iso-paraffins with n, n+1, n+2, n+3 and n+4 carbon atoms, where the value of n lies between 15 and 40. The invention also relates to use of paraffin base oil in lubrication oil to reduce formation of nitric and nitrous acid in lubrication oil, in which paraffin base oil contains (i) a continuous range of iso-paraffins with n, n+1, n+2, n+3 and n+4 carbon atoms, where the value of n lies between 15 and 40. The invention also relates to a method of producing electric energy with reduced emission of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases, which includes an operating diesel engine lubricated by a lubrication oil composition, where the lubrication oil composition contains base oil or its basic component, having more than 80 wt % paraffin content and more than 98 wt % saturated hydrocarbon content, and containing a range of iso-paraffins with n, n+1, n+2, n+3 and n+4 carbon atoms, where the value of n lies between 15 and 40. EFFECT: improved method. 14 cl, 4 tbl, 1 ex, 1 dwg


Given a modulus m>2 and a multiplier X relatively prime to m, a sequence ^O'^i > • • • °f integers in the least residue system mod m is generated by the recursion yn+1 ~ \yn (mod m) for n = 0, 1, . . . , where the initial value y0 is relatively prime to m. The sequence x0, xx, . . . in the interval [0, 1), defined by xn = yn/m for n = 0, 1, . . . , is then a sequence of pseudo-random numbers generated by the linear congruential method. The sequence is periodic, with the least period r being the exponent to which X belongs mod m. For fixed s > 2, consider the s-tuples xn = {xn9 xn+ x, . . . , xn+s_x), n = 0, 1, . . . . We determine the empirical distribution of the s-tuples x0 , x1? . . . and compare it with the uniform distribution on [0, l]. The original sequence x0,xl9 . . .of linear congruential pseudo-random numbers passes the serial test (for the given value of s) if the deviation between these two distributions is small. To measure this deviation, we introduce the quantity


The appearance of any new textbook on the subject of diagnostic cytology is a matter of considerable interest because of the paucity of books in this field. It is unfortunate, therefore, that this one must disappoint most people who have a serious interest in the subject. The book is short, comprising less than 100 pages, and hence one would hope that the subject matter would be dealt with in a concentrated and lucid manner. However, despite this limitation of space, many pages are devoted to subjects that are not particularly relevant to the main theme. These include topics such as the chemical aspects of the malignant cell, and the significance of plasma zinc levels in bronchogenic carcinoma. More distressing, however, is the misuse of terms and the misleading, at times even erroneous, statements that occur throughout the book. We are told that the cytological distinction between carcinoma-in-situ and invasive carcinoma 'is always difficult and usually impossible' ; surely an exaggeration of the true situation. It is stated that the Papanicolaou Class IV category was used to indicate 'a small number of malignant cells' whilst Class V indicated 'many malignant cells'. This represents a significant departure from the true Papanicolaou classification, obsolete though it may be. A photograph of dysplastic epithelium is depicted as 'dyskaryotic' epithelium, a term that should surely be restricted te individual cells. In addition to errors such as these, concepts of fundamental importance in cytology such as dysplasia and carcinoma-in-situ are dealt with in a confusing manner and the cytological features of these conditions are poorly presented. Other important topics such as population screening and automated screening techniques are also presented superficially and no serious attempt is made to deal with the basic problems in either area. The morphological features of the malignant cell are quite well described and the section on the normal cytology of the female genital tract and the changes that occur in relation to hormonal variations is well presented. In summary, this is a most disappointing book that contributes little to our understanding of the many problems of diagnostic cytology. Certainly it falls far short of the claim in the foreword. Michael Drake


by Brookings Institute author, Michael MccGwire, and the other by Richard Ackley, retired submarine commander and former U.S. Naval Attache to Moscow. While MccGwire states that worldwide naval supremacy is no longer useful and international cooperation is the way of the future, Ackley's in-depth and scholarly thesis argues persuasively for a resurgence of naval power by rebuilding to a 600-ship Navy to meet the global commitments it is presently assigned. Brand and Brockel describe the state of U.S. marine transport and port capacity, while naval historians Symonds and Hattendorf trace the 17thto 20th-century sinusoidal pattern of America's commitment to support maritime endeavors, with nods to Mahan and Clausewitz. Finally, to the delight of those of artistic persuasion, John Craven waxes lyrical in a satisfying contemplation of music, art, poetry, and literature inspired by the ocean and its littoral in his Images of the Sea. Bartell's editing brings a cohesiveness to what otherwise could be an uneven collection in a conference of this magnitude and complexity. An excellent reference for those interested in maritime matters, these articles, some of which were rewritten by their authors following the conference, contain a creditable overview of U.S. sea power today. The book is recommended as a current statement on affairs of the sea.


For the Cauchy problem of nonlinear elastic wave equations of three dimensional isotropic, homogeneous and hyperelastic materials satisfying the null condition, global existence of classical solutions with small initial data was proved in R. Agemi (Invent. Math. 142 (2000) 225–250) and T. C. Sideris (Ann. Math. 151 (2000) 849–874), independently. In this paper, we will consider the asymptotic behavior of global solutions. We first show that the global solution will scatter, i.e


New findings from a study presented at the ADA's 80th Scientific Sessions showed a dramatic drop in diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalizations in patients who used the FreeStyle Libre system


Aim: Supporting Domestic violence and sexual abuse (DVSA) victims at education paradigm. Objective: To find practical methods of disclosing, identifying, and supporting DVSA victims in the education paradigm. Methodology: A phenomenological descriptive literature review study explores what is known from different authors about identification, influence, disclosure tools and support of DVSA victims to clarify the phenomenon, approaches of disclosure tools and victims' support at education paradigm. Conclusion: Improving factual knowledge and awareness among students and teachers. National policies are mandating the teaching of violence prevention in the national curricula, allocation of budgets, and resources. The need for more comprehensive studies on this subject, educating educators about this paradigm, structuring effective practical disclosure aids, and raising funds and professionals for highly flexible individualised methods of victim's support. Recommendations  Tools chosen should consider the target population, screeners' skills and experience, and the evaluation's objective and context.  Educators and healthcare providers must ensure that adequate referral and follow-up are provided to those identified through screening to ensure the efficacy of DVSA interventions.  Teacher's lack of confidence, conviction, and expertise could jeopardise the intended message; educator's training is recommended. To establish DVSA forum at educational institutes, starting with the "digital generation" at tertiary education or secondary and lower educational levels. Students can write, discuss, share, and disclose at this forum anonymously. The details are accessed by a specialised individual who can implement policies and communicate with students who disclosed the information or are suspected of DVSA.


The improvement of diesel locomotive cooling water system is important in ensuring the working quality of diesel locomotives.Based on the analysis of the working characteristics of the cooling water system of diesel locomotive,an optimization of diesel cooling water system is proposed.


This article examines the development of the concept of laicity and its specific application within the French political, social and cultural context. In doing so it contends that, far from being a 'French exception' as is sometimes perceived in the media, laicity in France drew on concepts and practices already in place in other countries at the time of the 1905 legislation separating church and state. The article concludes by asserting a distinction between laicity and secularism, whereby the former emphasises the separation of the roles of state and religion within a nation, whereas the latter refers to the progressive loss of relevance of religion within a culture. The specific definition of laicity has been enshrined in a recent International Declaration of Laicity in the 21st Century.


In order to decrease energy loss and improve efficiency for Baoying pumping station system, under different operating conditions, energy loss of each part was calculated, and the influences of the number of running pumps and the pump assembly head on the energy consumption and efficiency were analyzed. The results show that under design condition, with the increment of the number of running pumps, the energy loss rate of main pump units is increased first and then decreased, and that of the auxiliary equipment, power transmission and transformation is gradually decreased and increased respectively. Under the same head, the system efficiency is the highest when two pump units are running. As the pump assembly head increasing, the system efficiency is increased gradually, and it is decreased when the head reaches 8 m. The results are of great significance for the optimal design and optimization operation of similar pumping station systems.


To whom should a species be credited: to the author who names it a variety and declares positively that it is not distinct from another, which he considers the stem, or to the author who first points out the specific characters and establishes its distinctness? In 1875 Dr. A. Speyer, in his paper on "Europäisch-amerikanische Verwandschaften," gives first, a list of American species which he cousiders distinct from European forms, a list of species occurring in both countries, a list of questionable forms, and then elaborates these lists by a series of notes. In the list of species common to both countries, he enumerates Hydroecia nictitans, and afterwards points out somer minor differences in the series before him, noting that Guenée had previously errumerated most of them. On page 152 of the volume he speaks as follows: "Als eigene Art wird sich die amerikanische Nictitans von der europaischen nicht trennen lassen, da ein völlig durchgreifender Unterschied zwischen beiden fehlt. Eine ausgezeichnete Varietat bildet sie aber jedenfalls."


To enhance student success and retention rates, most providers of developmental education programs administer some type of assessment to diagnose the educational needs of their clients for placement purposes (Brand, 1995; Ehringhaus, 1991; Stricht, 1990; Venezky, Bristow, & Sabatini, 1997). When selecting and assessing a suitable placement tool, such issues as content, reliability, feasibility, cost, and other logistics should be considered; however, the validity of the tool is "the most fundamental consideration...in evaluating tests" (p. 9) according to the American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, and the National Council on Measurement in Education (1999) in their Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing publication. The validity of a test refers to the degree to which the test actually measures what it purports to measure and the extent to which decisions made upon the basis of the test scores are appropriate and meaningful.One of the newest placement tools currently being utilized by over 1000 institutes in North America is the ACCUPLACER(TM) Online testing system, a product of the College Board (College Board, 2005). This system consists of nine multiple-choice tests that measure skills in reading, listening, and mathematics; two essay tests that measure writing skills; plus several supplemental assessments (College Board, 2003). Like other computer-based tests, ACCUPLACER(TM) Online offers reduced testing time, enhanced security features, immediate feedback, and flexible testing sessions especially since it is Web based (Alderson, 2000; Association for Career & Technical Education, 1998; Noble, Schiel, & Sawyer, 2003; Russell, Goldberg, & O'Connor, 2003; Shults, 2000). It also is a "computer-adaptive" testing system and therefore capable of assessing a wide range of student abilities since the difficulty of the tests automatically adjusts to the skills of the individual examinee. Given these positive attributes, the ACCUPLACER(TM) Online testing system seems to be an ideal placement tool, especially for developmental programs; yet, very little is known about its predictive validity.There are different ways to measure the validity of a test, but predictive validity, which specifically measures the degree to which test scores predict criterion scores or performances at a later time, is probably the most pertinent when assessing the suitability and accuracy of placement tests. Since it is assumed that a higher score on a placement test would yield a stronger performance in a course or program whereas a lower score would equate to a weaker performance, typically predictive validity is expressed as a correlation coefficient. This is a number between -1 and +1 that indicates the directionality and strength of the linear relationship between the test scores (predictor variable) and the criterion performance or score (outcome variable). Assuming the correlation coefficient is statistically significant, the closer the coefficient is to +1 the stronger the predictive power of the test. Another method for measuring the predictive validity of a placement test, usually when cutoff scores are being examined, is to report the percentage of students who would have been or were correctly placed based upon the test scores; naturally the higher this percentage the better.Although a review of the literature revealed a lack of published studies evaluating the predictive validity of ACCUPLACER(TM) Online, there were numerous such studies found for its predecessor, the computer-based version of ACClTPIACER® (Cole & Muenz, 1998; Fields & Cosgrove, 2001; Napoli & Wortman, 1995; Smittle, 1995; Whitcomb, 2002), several of which focused on this test's predictive validity for developmental courses. One such major study that involved 50 institutes in North America was conducted by the College Board (2003) in the early 1990s. The correlation across institutes was . …


Artur Schnabel's reputation as a pianist and teacher has grown steadily, and his innovative approach to the pianist's art has attracted increasing interest. This book-originally prepared while its author was studying with Schnabel, and supervised by the master himself-is unique for two reasons: it is the only detailed treatment of Schnabel's "system" as such, and it is the first general survey describing the range of a pianist's interpretive concerns to appear in this century. Formerly titled The Teaching of Artur Schnabel, this second edition includes a new preface by Alfred Brendel.


This paper deals with estimation problems under an extended growth curve model with two hierarchical within-individuals design matrices. The model in cludes the one whose mean structure consists of polynomial growth curves with two different degrees. First we propose certain simple estimators of the mean and covariance parameters which are closely related to the MEE's. Some basic properties of the estimators are given. Simultaneous confidence intervals are constructed, based on the estimators, for each and both of two growth curves. We give asymptotic approximations for the corresponding critical points. A numerical example is also given.


Indonesian athlete achievements in the ASEAN Games continued to decline in obtaining medals. Starting from 1962 to 2014, the medal accomplisment went down from 51 to 20 medals. The achievement decrease was due to the lack of athletic resources and the absence of media that could record athletes' skills in the field. The system can record the athletes' performance before,while and after running using the Heart Rate sensor and Motion Capture sensor that can be implemented in the field. The results of the sensor recording will be stored in the database. This system applies the Internet of Things (IoT) concept, using Raspberry Pi, Arduino Microcontroller, T34 Polar Heart Rate sensor to capture and send heartbeat to receivers, gyro-based motion-capture sensors that named wearnotch. This sensor serves to capture the movement of athletes. The sensors communicate with the system using 4G connectivity and MQTT as edge computing which act as a communication medium from sensors to databases, while Maria DB and influx DB as accumulation play a role in storing heart rate and athlete's movements that have been recorded by sensors. Then, athlete performance monitoring platform with a heart rate sensor and athletes' motion capture is a web-based application that collaborates all processes from the sensors to the system. The results of heart rate sensor recordings are categorized good because the error margin is only 0.4%.


Studies were conducted concerning the corrosion resistance of Zircaloy in high-temperature water using domestic-made sponge of zirconium as a raw material. The composition of the sponge made in Japan is shown in a table. The contents of nitrogen and carbon, which affect corrosion resistance of the alloy, are less than that of foreign-made. Results of corrosion tests conducted in high- purity water at 320 deg C indicated that Zircaloy having a composition of 0.8 approximates 1.2% Sn, 0.15, 0.20% Fe, 0.10, 0.15% Cr and <0.051% Ni showed better corrosion resistance than that of Zircaloy-2. (Nucl. Sci. Abstr. Japan, Vol. 2, No. 4)


In this study, the results for the solution of the pattern recognition problem are presented — extraction of fluorescence contribution for carbon dots used as biomarkers from the background signals of natural fluorophores and the determination of relative nanoparticle concentration. To solve this problem, artificial neural networks were used. The principal opportunity for solution of the given problem was demonstrated. The used architectures for neural networks allow the detection of carbon dot-based fluorescence within the background of native fluorescent egg protein with sufficiently high accuracy (not lower than 0.002 mg/ml).


This dissertation sets out to explore the phenomenon of Born Globals, a small, international entrepreneurial firm. The study aims at exploring how the entrepreneur perceives the factors that influe ...


Objectives: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is an autoimmune disease usually seen in middle-aged and older adults but which is rare in children and adolescents. We sought to determine if there has been a change in the incidence of this disorder. Methods: Single-center, retrospective review. Results: Over the last 2 years, we have encountered a striking increase in the frequency of this disease in pediatric patients. All eight patients seen during this period had renal involvement and 5 patients rapidly progressed to end stage kidney disease. The prognosis was worse in younger patients, those with microscopic polyangiitis, and those with chronic kidney damage in the diagnostic renal biopsy. Conclusions: We report these observations to highlight this change in the epidemiology of ANCA-associated vasculitis and to promote earlier recognition and treatment of this severe form of glomerulonephritis.


[Objective]The aim was to study the catalytic performance of acid anhydride modification on the lipase.[Method]Novozym 435 was separately modified using acetic anhydride,propionic anhydride and succinic anhydride and the catalytic performance of the modified Novozym 435 was determined.[Result]The hydrolytic activities and the stabilities of the modified enzymes were noticeably enhanced.The activity of unmodified lipase was only 63.9 U/g,whereas that of the modified enzyme using succinic anhydride increased up to 79.3 U/g,improved by 24%.Propionic anhydride-modified enzyme was 85.6 U/g,improved by 33.9%.Acetic anhydride-modified enzyme was 84.0 U/g,improved by 31.4%.The results also showed that the thermal stability,pH stability and resistance to organic solvents of these anhydride-modified enzymes were distinctly increased.[Conclusion]Acid anhydride modification was an effective way to enhance the catalytic performance of lipase.


We consider 2and 3-dimensional cubic monocrystalline and polycrystalline materials. Expressions for Young's and shear moduli and Poisson's ratio are expressed in terms of eigenvalues of the stiffness tensor. Such a form is well suited for studying properties of these mechanical characteristics on sides of the stability triangles. For crystalline highsymmetry directions lines of vanishing Poisson's ratio are found. These lines demarcate regions of the stability triangle into areas of various auxeticity properties. The simplest model of polycrystalline 2D and 3D cubic materials is considered. In polycrystalline phases the region of complete auxetics is larger than for monocrystalline materials.


TCP has some properties that make it inefficient when used as a transport protocol for wireless links. It has been the subject of many research projects and a number of solutions have been suggested. Most of these proposed solutions are trying to improve TCP's performance in general without looking at a specific technology. UMTS, the universal mobile telecommunication system, is a new standard for mobile networks. The UMTS radio access network is called UTRAN, UMTS radio access network, and it uses WCDMA, wideband code division multiple access, as its radio access method. When constructing the radio network it would be beneficial if a high error rate could be used for packet-based services. However, such a high error rate would affect the performance of TCP. The introduction of retransmission mechanisms in the radio link control layer reduces the error rates of UMTS. An ensuing problem however is that the delay will vary. The delay or reordering of data due to the retransmissions may cause TCP to underutilize the radio link. TCP's design is based on the assumption that transmission errors occur rarely. Hence, TCP assumes that all packet losses are due to congestion and it cannot tell congestion from loss due to error. When packet loss or packet reordering occurs due to errors on the wireless link, TCP interprets this as congestion and limits the sending rate. This leads to an underutilization of the radio link. This thesis reviews and investigates a few suggested solutions to the underutilization problem. The solutions are of different character: TCP can be changed to handle wireless communication better, but it is not the only way to mitigate the problem. The RLC, radio link control, could be configured to deal better with the problem, and improved radio links can also be a used. The most important proposals are: Eifel, TCP Westwood, Split TCP and RLC configurations. They are examined and simulated using a model of the UMTS RLC, implemented in NS2. In-sequence and out-of-sequence delivery in the RLC are tested, and the effect of different radio block sizes is examined. We also gauge how well the suggested solutions handle spurious timeouts and fast retransmissions. For small file transfers the improvement in performance is measured when the initial window is increased. The aim when conducting these simulations is to find the most suitable solutions for reducing the underutilization. The main result from this study is that there is a severe underutilization for small IP packets in combination with high transfer speeds. The utilization is even lower when small radio blocks are used and some solution is clearly needed. Generally, the in-sequence delivery option of the radio link should be used to deal with the problems. However, when small radio blocks are used an additional solution is needed. Split TCP is found the best in terms of performance but Eifel is also worth considering.


The invention discloses a multifunctional health care soybean milk powder. The multifunctional health care soybean milk powder is manufactured by comprising the following raw materials in part by weight: 80-90 parts of soybean, 50-60 parts of red glutinous rice, 40-50 parts of millet, 1-2 parts of acanthopanax root, 1-2 parts of nacre, 1-3 parts of platycodon grandiflorum, 2-3 parts of radices trichosanthis, 10-13 parts of gorgon fruit, 14-19 parts of apple peel, 20-24 parts of dried scallop, 22-26 parts of lemon, 25-30 parts of fermented glutinous rice, 13-18 parts of yoghurt powder, 1-2 parts of an food additive and a proper amount of water. The multifunctional health care soybean milk powder adopts the soybean, the red glutinous rice and the millet as main raw materials; the soybean is sweet in taste and neutral in nature, can enter the spleen and large intestine channel, and has the efficacies of tonifying spleen and regulating qi by alleviation of mental depression, moistening dryness and alleviating edema, clearing heat-toxin and tonifying qi.


The effects of natural immuno-active polysaccharide extracts (E) from two mushrooms, Lentinus edodes (LenE) and Tremella fuciformis (TreE), and an herb, Astragalus membranaceus (AstE), on production of the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 were investigated in Eimeria tenella infected chickens. A total of 180 broiler chicken were assigned to nine groups: three groups fed with the extracts (LenE, TreE and AstE), three groups fed with extracts and immunized with live oocyst vaccine (LenE+V, TreE+V and AstE+V), a group immunized with oocyst vaccine, and two controls (With or without E. tenella infected). Serum IFN-γ titers and IL-2 production of splenocytes were determined at 7 and 14 days post-infection (p.i.). The overall mean serum IFN-γ of the groups fed with the extracts and immunized with vaccine was significantly (P0.01) higher compared with the vaccine group at 7 and 14 days p.i., whereas that of the groups fed with the extracts only was not significantly different from the vaccine group. Of the three extracts, AstE showed the highest IFN-γ titers at 7 days p.i., and the TreE+V group had significantly higher IFN-γ titers compared with both LenE+V and AstE+V groups. The IL-2 production of splenocytes showed a similar pattern to the serum IFN-γ titers. Seven days p.i., the overall mean IL-2 level of the groups fed with extracts and immunized with vaccine was significantly (P0.01) higher compared with the group immunized with the oocyst vaccine only, but that of the groups fed with the extracts only were not significantly different from the vaccine group. At 14 days p.i., the overall mean IL-2 production of both the groups fed with the extracts and the groups fed with the extracts and immunized with vaccine was not significantly different from the vaccine group. A significant difference in IL-2 production of splenocytes between different extracts was not found. The use of the mushroom and herb polysaccharide extracts might enhance T-cell immune responses, characterized by IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion, against coccidiosis in chickens, and particularly when they are used in conjunction with vaccine. Thus,these immunoactive herbal polysaccharide extracts may enhance protective immunity against infections.


In the field of 2-D DOA estimation,the applications of UCA become more and more wide.A novel algorithm of 2-D DOA estimation under multipath environment is proposed for UCA,which can sufficiently utilize the temporal and spatial features of the signal,and just need P+1 antenna arrays when finding P directions.Multipath signal is processed by temporal smoothing,then the spatial spectrum is obtained by utilizing modified PCA iterative algorithm,the directions of every incoming wave can be estimated rapidly of real time without knowing the numbers of multipath signals in advanced.The computation load is reduced and the structure is simplified by utilizing the proposed algorithm.Finally,the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Introduction As many academic libraries work to develop data services units to address the data needs of campus stakeholders, one early, natural avenue for testing these services lies within the library itself. During the summer of 2013, a small team of librarians endeavored to test a data audit methodology on internal library data in order to determine both the viability of the methodology as an assessment tool and as a way to audit workflows for internal data processing, naming, documenting, and storage. This team included the assistant director for collections, the collections assessment librarian, the learning commons and assessment librarian, the data science and informatics librarian, and the assistant director for electronic resources and emerging technology services. The assembled team is called the Assessment Working Group, with a stated mission to gain a better understanding of available library data and its usefulness across departments.


This paper presents the temperature and velocity measurements to clarify effects of inclination angle of a heated plate  on natural-convection heat transfer enhancement by millimeter bubbles. In the range 0≤≤30 ̊, the heat transfer coefficient with bubble injection is much higher than that without injection, and the ratio of the heat transfer coefficient with bubble injection to that without injection (heat transfer coefficient ratio) ranges from 3.0 to 5.0. This is due to enhancement of both the transport of the warm liquid toward the downstream region and the mixing of warm liquid and cool liquid. The former results from the bubble-induced liquid entrainment, and the latter is mainly due to the increase in the liquid velocity fluctuation induced by a combination of the bubble motion and the vortex shedding from the bubble interface. Moreover, the significant bubble-induced liquid entrainment and the unsteady vortex occur near the heated wall at higher inclination angle of the heated plate. Hence, the heat transfer coefficient ratio increases with increasing inclination angle of the heated plate.


The article is devoted to research of value orientations and professional motivation of students of medical college in the process of personal and professional development.


The transition radiation which arises when a charged particle passes through the boundary of a plasma described by linearized hydrodynamic equations is investigated by taking into account the effect of temperature. (auth)


In this study, we apply small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS), circular dichroism (CD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the peptide structure and the conjugated PEG chain conformation of monoPEGylated human parathyroid hormone (1-34) (hPTH(1-34)) in phosphate buffer. The enthalpic and entropic contributions of the PEG chain and the peptide due to conjugation are estimated accordingly. The scattering results show that the hPTH(1-34) in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH7.4) aggregate into clusters. After hPTH(1-34) conjugated with PEG chain, the conjugates self-assemble into a core-shell structure with the PEG chains in the corona surrounding the hPTH(1-34) core. The core-shell structure helps reducing the surface accessible solvent area of the peptide. With model fitting by the form factor of a cylindrical core with Gaussian chains attached to the surface, the detailed structural information of the core-shell structures formed by the monoPEGylated hPTH(1-34) is extracted. The fitting results show that the conjugated PEG chain forms a collapsed conformation. This deformation suggests that the conjugate PEG interacts favorably with the peptide, so that part of the PEG chain bound to the surface of the peptide core instead of forming an unperturbed PEG coil adjacent to it. Moreover, the size of core-shell structure formed by the C-terminally monoPEGylated hPTH(1-34) is about three times larger than that of the N-terminally monoPEGylated ones. The different aggregation numbers of the self-assembled structures, triggered by different PEGylation sites, are reported. These size discrepancy due to different PEGylation sites could potentially affect the pharmacokinetics of the hPTH(1-34) drug. Therefore, the detailed structural analyses are important for development of "biobetters".


The operative results of 115 patients with pilonidal sinus are described. The patients were controlled in 1977, 2 to 11 years after surgery. Only small, non-infected pilonidal sinuses should be radically excised followed by primary suture and Redon-drainage. For extended sinuses and for recurrences the best results are obtained when the wound is left open or marsupialisation is applied. Pilonidal sinus-abscesses should be incised. This simple procedure resulted in primary healing in 23% of our patients.


Thermal and mechanical relaxation times play vital roles in the values of the quality factor of micro/nanoresonators. They can control the energy dissipation across the coupling of mechanical and thermal behavior. In this paper, we introduce an analytical model that considers a pre-stress in a micro-viscothermoelastic resonator to modify the thermal and mechanical relaxation times and thus higher the quality factor. The impacts of length scale and static pre-stress on the quality factor have been discussed. The model expects that significant improvement in terms of quality factors is possible by tuning the pre-stress and the thermal and mechanical relaxation times parameters, and the isothermal value of frequency have significant effects on the thermal quality factor of the resonators.


Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western children, thought to affect up to 10 % of the general paediatric population and up to 80 % of overweight children. This is the first UK based study, which aims to characterise the habitual diet, and activity behaviours of children with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD compared to BMI matched controls (obese controls, OC) to inform the development of effective prevention and management strategies. Cases and OC were recruited from the paediatric liver unit and specialist obesity clinic respectively at King's College Hospital London, UK. On receipt of consent, children were asked to complete a 7-day Food and Activity Diary (with 7 day pedometer readings), a 24-hour Dietary Recall, a Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ). The study was conducted according to the Helsinki Declaration. Thirty-eight NAFLD and 12 OC have been recruited to date and dietary data is available for 29 (21 NAFLD; 8 OC). The groups are well matched for age (NAFLD: 13·1[SD2·2], OC: 12·8 [3·7] years), gender and weight, with the majority of both groups being above the 99·6th centile for BMI. The NAFLD group were predominantly Caucasian (83 %) whereas the OC group were predominantly Black (75 %) (p < 0·001). NAFLD children scored non-significantly higher on all sub scales of the DEBQ, representing more negative eating behaviours. NAFLD patients were had significantly higher intakes of saturated fat and iron as assessed by 24hr recall when expressed as a percentage of their DRVs (p < 0·05 and p = 0·02 respectively, table 1). Interestingly, the 7-day diary records demonstrated significantly lower absolute vitamin D intakes in children with NAFLD (1·875μg versus, 3·785μg p = 0·05). NAFLD children took a greater number of steps per day in comparison to OC (8414 [2843] versus 5965 [2066], p = 0·023).


A number of labeling systems based on text have been proposed to help monitor work on the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Here, we present a systematic comparison of systems using a variety of text sources and show that systems differ considerably in their specificity (i.e., true-positive rate) and sensitivity (i.e., true-negative rate), have systematic biases (e.g., are more sensitive to specific SDGs relative to others), and are susceptible to the type and amount of text analyzed. We then show that an ensemble model that pools labeling systems alleviates some of these limitations, exceeding the labeling performance of all currently available systems. We conclude that researchers and policymakers should care about the choice of labeling system and that ensemble methods should be favored when drawing conclusions about the absolute and relative prevalence of work on the SDGs based on automated methods.


This paper considers the potential value of a new household panel to help understand issues related to housing and neighborhood conditions in the United States. The key scientific and policy issues that a panel study would be particularly valuable for addressing are primarily descriptive and include evaluating durations of exposures to housing and neighborhood conditions, and understanding factors determining household mobility that in turn determines the conditions that households experience and neighborhood compositions. For these purposes a national household panel has important advantages over existing data sources, and we offer several suggestions for key data elements to collect to maximize the information available for research in this area. We are agnostic about whether the creation of a new national household panel would be more valuable than devoting resources to enhancing the existing Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID).


Hemisphere‐wide observations of melt ponds on sea ice are needed to understand their influence on the surface radiation budget of the Arctic Ocean and to extend the satellite sea ice thickness data record. Here we present a first assessment of NASA's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite‐2 (ICESat‐2) over individual Arctic sea ice melt ponds with different reflective properties. We use coincident high‐resolution satellite imagery from WorldView‐2 and Sentinel‐2 over different sea ice topographies to show that smooth ponds are highly reflective and can saturate the ICESat‐2 photon detection system. Rougher ponds have a more varied backscatter signal, and in some cases both the water and underlying ice surfaces are visible in photon height distributions. Characterizing the complex photon backscatter signals of melt ponds on sea ice is a first step toward automating retrievals of pond parameters such as width, melt pond fraction and depth, and improving higher‐level ICESat‐2 sea ice height and freeboard products.


Summary We present a method for imaging with separated wavefields from an ocean bottom cable acquisition to deliver images of the subsurface with enhanced illumination and angular diversity. Using this data, we investigate whether it is feasible to decimate the sources or receivers without degrading the structural image from separated wavefield imaging. We conclude by determining if this would be beneficial to reduce acquisition cost and to provide illumination below obstructions like a platform hole.


For a problem of calculus of variations in infinite horizon, linear with respect to the derivative, we use the theory of viscosity solutions to obtain a unique characterization of the value function by an Hamilton-Jacobi equation. This approach allows to extend in the scalar case known results on turnpike properties.


Every user can be identified online by a unique string used for email or nickname on some of the many platforms out there. IBE systems propose a simple cryptosystem in which the public key system can be omitted by using the unique string as public identification. In this paper we present a minimal email application that uses Clifford Cocks' proposed IBE scheme. We analyze the impact of using it inside our application and how it can be improved to better fit the need of nowadays applications.