Ten local genotypes were selected from a genetic resource collection of 118, for the future bean breeding programme of the Centre for Vegetable in Smederevska. Palanka. Standard analytical methods were used for describing some traits (stem height, grain per pod, 1000 seed mass and grain shape). Significant differences were observed between the bean genotypes examined. The highest stem was found in Sumporas (91.4 cm), and the lowest in Tetovac type (38 cm). Absolute grain mass varied between 284.7 g and 583.9 g (Sumporas and P15 S respectively). The length: width grains ratio varied between 1.41 (P 1) and 2.40 (Žutotrban). The thickness: width ratio varied between 0.62 and 0.85 (line in Tetovac type and Galeb, Roze bubrežasti respectively). There were no significant differences for grain per pod. The highest coefficient of variability was observed for stem height (33.26%), whilst the lowest was observed for grain number/pod (16.31%). The variability of analysed traits as a result of the effect of genetic and environmental factors was established. The analysis of phenotypic variance components for stem height (82.1 %) and absolute grain mass (88.8 %) showed a higher impact of genotype than environment. INTRODUCTION Breeding beans requires detailed knowledge of a number of traits directly affecting yield. Research carried out by Beaver et al. (1985), Nienhuis and Singh (1988), White and Gonzales (1990), Welsh et al. (1995), Ranalli (1996) suggested the importance of stem height, number of grains per pod, thousand-grain mass and grain characteristics for the breeding process. With the objective of carrying out a better and more detailed evaluation of some bean populations / varieties from the collection of the Centre for Vegetable Crops, a number of quantitative features were investigated (stem height, number of grains per pod, grain mass per plant and grain shape with its length/width and thickness/width ratio). The features investigated were significant for bean selection and they affected the yield and the manner of breeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to investigate the variability of the current gene fund that originates from this region, the trial was set up in five replications applying the random block system, on loamy soil with ten populations/varieties from the collection of the Centre (Table 1). The basic data were recorded from 30 plants per replicate – without selection, after reaching the stage of physiological maturity at the laboratory of the Centre. In addition to recording the absolute maximum and minimum, mean value and coefficient of variation were calculated by applying statistical methods as parameters for estimating the variability. Variance analysis (ANOVA) (Hadzivukovic, 1991) was carried out for stem height, number of grains per pod and 1000-grain mass. Components of phenotypic variance were calculated using the method of Mather and Jinks (1982). Proc. IS on Sust. Use Of Plant Biodiv. Eds. E. Duzyaman &Y.Tuzel Acta Hort. 598, ISHS 2003 248 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION There were significant differences in stem height between the genotypes. The lowest stem height was recorded in a line of Tetovac type (ξ = 38 cm), whereas the highest was found in Sumporas (ξ= 91.4 cm) (Table 1). The coefficient of variation for this feature was 33.26 %. The variance analysis suggested that there were differences between the genotypes (Table 2). By the analysis of the phenotypic variance components, it was concluded that the genetic component prevailed over the environmental one as for the stem height feature. This was also in accordance with the heritability value, 82.14 %. As for phenotypic variation, gene effects were stronger than environmental ones, suggesting the significance of major genes in forming – expression of the phenotype. According to the genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, the stem height feature varied most as compared to the other features. Number of grains per pod is an indicator, which directly affects the yield. On the basis of ANOVA, there were no differences between the genotypes. Considering the results of the variance analysis, other indicators are not discussed. Sumporas and P1 were characterised by small mass of 1000 grains (ξ = 284.7, and 287.3 g respectively). P15 genotype with ξ= 583.9 g had the largest absolute mass of grains. High statistical significance was recorded for this feature (Table 2). The coefficient of variation was 26.08 %. The analysis of the components of the phenotypic variance for this feature suggested gene effects prevailed over the environmental variance. Another proof of a weaker environmental variance compared with the genetic variance was the heritability of h = 88.8 %. Length/width ratio ranged from 1.47 (P1) to 2.40 (Zutotrban). Grain thickness/width ratio ranged from 0.62 (a line in Tetovac type) to 0.85 (Biser and Roze bubrezasti). CONCLUSION Within the lines investigated, there were differences in the mean values for the following features: stem height, absolute mass of grains, grain length/width ratio, and grain thickness/width ratio. For the number of grains per pod, there were no differences between the lines. The highest stem was recorded in Sumporas (91.4 cm), with the lowest in the line of Tetovac type (38 cm). Absolute grain mass varied between 284.7 g and 583.9 g (Sumporas and P15 S respectively). Grain length/width ratio varied from 1.41 (P1) to 2.40 (Zutotrban). Grain thickness/width ratio varied between 0.62 and 0.85 (a line in Tetovac Type and Galeb, Roze bubrezasti respectively). Based on analysis of the components of phenotypic variance, it was concluded that the genetic component prevailed. Environmental effects (non-genetic factors) affected the number of grains per pod. The values obtained from the parameters, as well as the recorded variability of the quantitative features studied, could be used as the criteria for choosing the genotypes for future efficient bean breeding. Literature Cited Beaver, J.S., Paniagua, C.V., Coyne, D.P. and Freytag, G.F. 1985. Yield stability of dry bean cultivars in the Dominican Republic. Crop Sci., 25, 923 926. Hadživukovic, S. 1991. Statisticki metodi. Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad. Mather, K. and Jinks, J.L. 1982. Biometrical Genetics. Third Ed. Chapman and Hall, London. Nienhuis, I. Singh (1988). Genetics of seed yield and its components in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of middle American origin. II Genetic variance, heritability and expected response from selection. Plant Breeding, 101 (2), 155 163. Ranalli, P. 1996. Phenotypic Recurrent selection in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) based on performance of S2 progenies. Euphytica, 87 (2), 127 132. Welsh, W., Bushuk, W., Roca, W. and Singh, S.P. 1995. Characterization of agronomic traits and markers of recombinant inbred lines from intra and interracial populations


There is growing interest in observing how interaction with a robot can enhance human learning. Recent studies of educational processes mediated by human-like robots (HLRs) focused mainly on individual learning with robot companions. This article presents a study of a science lesson mediated by the life-size humanoid robot, RoboThespian. Participants in the study were school groups from grades 5-7 who participated in a lesson at the science museum MadaTech in two different classroom environments. The study evaluated the effectiveness in learning new science concepts and creating positive perceptions of the robot teacher. The results show that the lesson achieved its educational objectives. The level of learning interaction was influenced by the design of learning activities, robot behaviors, and the students' perceived psychological distance from the robot.


Objective To study effects of low power density millimeter wave radiation on peripheral white blood cell(WBC) and function of cellular immune for patients with malignant tumors with radiotherapy. Methods Sixty patients with malignant tumors were randomized into combined group or control group.Thirty cases of combined group were treated with 7.1 mm millimeter wave radiation(10 mW/cm 2) and radiotherapy ± chemotherapy.The patients of control group were treated with radiotherapy ± chemotherapy alone. Activity of NK cells and T lymphocyte subsets in patients were measured respectively by LDH release and APAAP techniques.Results In the first 4 weeks of the treatment course, the decrease rate of peripheral WBC was significantly lower in combined group (14/30) than in control group (23/30) ( P 0.05 ); and the later 5~8 weeks of the treatment course,the decrease rate of WBC was still lower in combined group (17/30) than in control group (24/30),but it was not significant ( P 0.05 ).After treatment,the activity of NK cells,CD 4 positive cells and CD + 4/CD + 8 values in the patients were significantly higher in combined group than in control group ( P 0.05 ).Conclusion The results suggest that low power density millimeter wave radiation can produce certain protective and activating effects on peripheral WBC and function of cellular immune for the patients with radiotherapy ± chemotherapy.


For photon measurement, an output must be known in order to tune the monitor unit and find out the output of reference field size, preferably 10x10 cm. A calculation of the output takes time due to many parameters are needed. A special program was developed to handle this calculation. It was written in C language so called Po-CAL which stands for Photon Output Calculation. The algorithm was based on the IAEA TR 277 recommendation. The Po-CAL program is very ease of use because it contains all necessary parameters to calculate the photon output as such stopping power ratio and perturbation factor. It needs only data occur during the measurement. In addition, the program provides a function to update the chamber factor which is specific to individual chamber. Thus, the PO- CAL program could be used to calculate the output measured by any Farmer lionization Chamber at hospitals. This gives rise to more accurate in patients' dose calculation. Key words: Monitor unit, Absorbed dose, Stopping power ratio, Perturbation factor, Chamber factor


Iron deficiency (ID) in infancy can cause cognitive and developmental deficits that may be irreversible after the age of 2. The goals of this study were to quantify the prevalence of ID among 6‐month‐old infants in a high‐altitude population of Bolivia and identify modifiable risk factors of ID. Healthy infants were recruited from 2 hospitals in El Alto, Bolivia, and followed from 1 to 6 months of age. Blood taken at 6 months was analyzed for ferritin (Fer), C‐Reactive Protein (CRP), and alpha(1)‐acid‐glycoprotein (AGP). Fer values were adjusted for inflammation using internal correction factors (defined by elevated CRP and AGP), and ID was defined as corrected Fer < 12 µg/L. The following risk factors for Fer‐defined ID were initially considered: preterm birth (PTB; <37 weeks), sex, stunting (length‐for‐age Z < ‐ 2), recent diarrheal or respiratory infection, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF; defined as no complementary feeding or formula as of the 6‐month visit), maternal anemia, maternal age, maternal education, maternal employment, access to private toilet. The prevalence of ID at 6 months was 41% (67 of 163 infants assessed). Backwards elimination logistic regression identified only EBF as a significant (p < 0.05) predictor of ID at 6 months (OR: 4.7, 95% CI: 1.6 – 13.7). These results indicate that initiation of complementary feeding after 6 months (22% of this sample) increases risk of ID in this population, implying that infants may need iron supplementation prior to this time. Other interventions, such as prenatal iron supplementation and delayed cord clamping, need further exploration.


The experimental conditions during the implantation step of Ion Beam Synthesis influence crucially the formation of a buried structure in subsequent annealing steps. Due to the complexity of the in-beam nucleation and evolution of precipitates of new phases there is still a low level of understanding. In this paper the authors present results of direct experimental investigations as well as results of computer simulations of in-beam nucleation and growth. The evolution of an ensemble of CoSi{sub 2} precipitates is mainly controlled by nucleation and diffusion. The observed decrease of the nucleation rate at high fluences can be explained by the decrease of the supersaturation of implanted atoms due to diffusion towards earlier nucleated precipitates.


Producers and conservationists are concerned about soil erosion and soil loss. Producers are also concerned about profits. Many studies have examined tillage methods as a means of conserving soil. Other studies have evaluated cover crops as a means to conserve soils. This paper evaluates a combination of these two methods of soil conservation based on the economic returns associated with each of the defined systems. Field studies were conducted at Stoneville, MS, from 2000 through 2004. Treatments consisted of conventional till, no-till, low-till sub-soiling, no-till with a winter wheat cover crop, and low-till subsoiling with a winter wheat cover crop. Partial budgets were developed for each treatment over the 5 yr of the study. Within the partial budgets, both direct and total specified expenses for the specified tillage and cover crop practices were calculated. Results indicated that the highest returns and the lowest relative risk were obtained from a traditional no-till system compared with the other systems in this study. Yield increases did not offset the added expense from planting cover crops. Sub-soiling also did not increase returns enough to offset the added expense and may have even reduced yields. The conventional tillage system had relatively high returns but was among the riskiest (highest variance) of the treatments analyzed. Producers requiring a cover crop system might choose the no-till cover crop system, since it had the highest mean net returns of the two cover crop systems.


Multiphase fluid flow in porous media can be affected by the dynamic stressing caused by earthquakes or human‐made blasts. Changes in the permeability of porous media can be induced by the mobilization of trapped colloids, immiscible droplets, or bubbles due to such dynamic stressing. In order to analyze the mechanism of this seismic‐induced mobilization, a theoretical fluid dynamics conceptual model had been developed to describe this phenomenon in constricted tubes. In the research presented in this paper, we made an experimental effort to obtain reliable data to study the dynamics of nonwetting droplets and validate the previous theoretical fluid dynamics conceptual model in constricted tubes. In our experiments, we considered not only the frequencies and acceleration amplitudes of the seismic stimulation but also different initial positions of the nonwetting droplets, aspect ratios of the constricted tubes, and viscosities of nonwetting phases. We used a high‐speed camera to capture video of the mobilization process of droplets inside capillary tubes, and then manually tracked the displacement of the droplets. Our experimental observation revealed a strong dependence on the critical acceleration amplitude for mobilization on the initial position of a droplet's front menisci. Finally, the reliability of the theoretical model was validated against the experimental data on amplitude amplifications in oscillation experiments and critical amplitudes in mobilization experiments, as dependent on the frequency.


Ushuliyah rules are rules relating to language. And ushuliyah rules are also very important rules, because the ushuliyah rule is a medium or tool to explore the contents of meaning and law that contained in the Quran and Sunnah, the ushuliyah rule is also called by the istinbath rule or the lughawiyah rule. Among several discussions relating to the ushuliyah rule are muthlaq and muqayyad  Muthlaq is a lafazh (pronunciation) which has no limits or no ties to other words, for example a school teacher or textbooks. The range of understanding of the lafazh has been limited or narrower when compared to the other lafazh, each of these lafazh after being associated with other lafazh is called by Muqayyad


Drawing on a detailed analysis of Grabher and Konig's study of platformization (Grabher & Konig, 2020), this essay develops a revision of Actor-Network Theory by proposing how a Device, Representation, Actor and Network or a DRAN Approach can be more helpful in making sense of platform economic processes. First, it locates the ways in which Grabher & Konig's article approach platforms from an updated Polanyian perspective. Second, it elaborates on how the aforementioned article critiques static Polanyian perspectives while at the same time building a double tension by a) not being clear whether we observe "the platform economy" as an object or platform economization as a process, and b) not paying sufficient attention to how platforms that draw on intangible materialities move beyond being mere marketization relations. Third, it presents how to address these tensions by drawing on novel theoretical advances of DRAN Approaches and fresh empirical research concerning platform economies, located at the intersection between computer science and social sciences. Proposing a possibility to integrate historical and contemporary studies of economic processes, the essay ends by elaborating on how Grabher & Konig's article has a potential to enable a multi-perspective dynamic research strategy in making sense of not only the contemporary working of platforms, but their historical and socio-technical condition of possibility.


The digital stories, information and games activities about refugees will enable you to develop an empathy and understanding of what it is like to flee from a homeland, to settle in Australia and adapt to new cultural experiences. Refugee journeys are explored and an insight will be gained into the family values that are important to diverse multicultural communities.


The most difficult learning scenario is when the training and test distributions differ both in the data density and in the conditional class distributions. Learning is still possible assuming that some of the learning samples are known to come from the same distribution as the test samples. We formulate a simple nonparametric learner for this task, and apply it for building a "personalized recommender system" that uses the recommendations of other users as possibly useful parts of the training data. A widely occurring problem in building classifiers is that we may have only few samples of proper training data, but there are databases full of potentially relevant background data. Assuming that some of the data are relevant, the background data can be considered training data from a (partially) different distribution as the test data. The assumption we make is that the small set of "proper" training data comes from the same distribution as the test data, and hence can be used for searching for relevant background data. The modeling task is to use the small set of "proper" training data both for learning a classifier, and for estimating which of the backround data are useful to be incorporated in learning the classifier. To be able to solve this problem, we assume that the background data come in sets, and introduce a single weight for each set. The weight tells how strongly the set should be taken into account, and the weights are optimized to maximize classification accuracy on the "proper" training data. This generalizes earlier ideas [1] where the background data was not divided in sets, and is more constrained than [2] and hence may be less prone to overfitting. This problem is related but not identical to several other learning problems: transfer learning, multitask learning, semisupervised learning. The exact relationships need to be discussed in a longer paper. The idea is at its clearest in a nonparametric Parzen windows-based classifier, which we will use for a case study. The model could easily be generalized to more general parametric or semiparametric models using kinds of empirical priors. Place normal distributions N (or any other kinds of kernels) over all data points x; if the class of x is c the kernel contributes to class c. All "proper" training data T is naturally included. The rest, the "supplementary" sets Sz , of which the background data consists, are included as well but weighted with wz . The model is


Face detection is the basis of all the face processing system, while in video the face detection problem has a more special significance. By studying the face detection based on Adaboost algorithm, this paper presents a fast and good robust face detection method. Firstly, the motion region which contains faces is obtained based on motion detection, excluding the background interference. Secondly, Adaboost algorithm is used to detect the face in the motion region and locate the face. The experiments show that this method can rapidly and accurately detect human faces.


An 11-year-old German shepherd was referred for weakness, facial oedema and abdominal distention. A pericardial effusion associated with cardiac tamponade was detected on echocardiography. A right auricular mass was identified. An atrial flutter with functional second-degree atrioventricular block, a rare dysrhythmia in the dog, was observed. After pericardiocentesis and determination of a metastatic disease, the tumor was resected surgically (auriculectomy and pericardiectomy). Hemangiosarcoma was confirmed by histology. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. The prognosis of visceral hemangiosarcoma is poor. With the described treatment, our patient had a 6 month life course.


This work points out importance of medical radioisotopes in nuclear medicine based on treatment and diagnosis of cancer. Moreover, possible production methods of medical radioisotopes are evaluated, and an application for the production of two medical radioisotopes through neutron and deuteron induced reaction processes is discussed by comparing with experimental data in the literature. *Correspondence to: Ozan Artun, Department of Physics, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Turkey, E-mail: email@example.com / firstname.lastname@example.com Received: March 12, 2019; Accepted: March 25, 2019; Published: March 28, 2019 Introduction Nuclear medicine plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment of cancerous cells using different devices some of which are Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), which are used in diagnostic aims [14]. Addition to diagnosis, cancer treatment is also available in nuclear medicine; however, the therapy can be separated two section as internal and external therapy. For instance, Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) [5] that is a type of 3-D conformal radiation therapy [6] is an external therapy device. On the other hand, brachytherapy that is fairly important method can be called as internal therapy. In the literature, a lot of devices and methods to use medical radioisotopes in nuclear medicine are available in the literature. Common point of ones is definitely radioisotopes used in diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and these radioisotopes are produced by either nuclear reactors or particle accelerators via neutron reactions like (n,γ) or charged particle induced reaction processes e.g. proton, deuteron and alpha particles. Some of the famous radioisotopes produced in nuclear reactors may give Mo-99, P-32, Cu-64, Y-90 radioisotopes. Furthermore, medical radioisotopes produced by the charged particle induced reactions are commonly used in PET and SPECT. Such a production is carried out particle accelerators with energy ranges 1-50 MeV such as O-15, F-18, Ga-68 etc. But, for production of Ac-225 that is therapeutic purpose particle accelerators with higher energy are necessary [7]. Therefore, the production method of radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine can change kind of nuclei based on their half-lives and type of emission. For an application of the production of medical radioisotopes, we investigated the production of Kr-42 and Mn-51 radioisotopes via deuteron and neutron induced reaction processes. Materials and method The productions of K-42 and Mn-51 radioisotopes used for medical aims were carried out by neutron and deuteron induced reaction in energy region between 1 MeV and 30 MeV incident energy. Therefore, we used 45Sc(n,α)42K and 50Cr(d,n)51Mn reactions where the purities of the target materials are above 99% and each target is uniform [5,7,8]. The cross-section calculations were performed two component exciton models via TALYS 1.9 code [9] and the level density model was chosen Fermi gas model with constant temperature [1]. The calculated results for each reaction were compared with experimental data obtained from Exfor database [10]. Results and discussion The calculated cross-sections of 45Sc(n,α)42K and 50Cr(d,n)51Mn reactions are presented in figures 1 and 2 as dependent on incident energy. In 45Sc(n,α)42K reaction, there are a lot of experimental data measured by Subasi et al. (1998), Molla et al. (1998), Doczi et al. (1998), Bostan and Qaim (1994), Grallert et al. (1993), Belgaid et al. (1992), Ikeda et al. (1988), Levkovskii et al. (1969), Bayhurst and Prestwood (1961) [11-19], and it is clear that the calculated cross-section generally consistent with the experimental data, especially in the maximum cross-section values about 14 MeV neutron incident energy where the experimental cross-section values reach up to 70 MeV. Furthermore, for 50Cr(d,n)51Mn reaction, the experimental data reported by Klein et al. (2000) [20] agree with the calculated cross-section curves from threshold to 5 MeV; however, beyond 5 MeV, the experimental data are higher than the theoretical cross-section curves. On the other hand, both experimental and theoretical values are the same up to 5 MeV (Figure 2). Conclusion In this work, we calculated the production of 51Mn and 42K radioisotopes for neutron and deuteron induced reactions and the obtained results were compared with experimental data in the literature data. The calculated data were in good agreement with experimental data in maximum cross-section values which define the appropriate incident energy. Additionally, to produce 51Mn radioisotope, the deuteron induced reaction do not has enough experimental and theoretical results in the literature. Therefore, we can propose new works for the production of 51Mn as both experimental and theoretical. Artun O (2019) An application and importance of production of medical radioisotopes used in cancer therapy and diagnosis Volume 3: 2-3 Med Res Innov, 2019 doi: 10.15761/MRI.1000155 References 1. Artun O (2019) Calculation of productions of medical 201Pb, 198Au, 186Re, 111Ag, 103Pd, 90Y, 89Sr, 77Kr, 77As, 67Cu, 64Cu, 47Sc and 32P nuclei used in cancer therapy via phenomenological and microscopic level density models. Appl Radiat Isot 144: 64-79. [Crossref] 2. Artun O (2018) Calculation of productions of PET radioisotopes via phenomenological level density models. Radiat Phys Chem 149: 73-83. 3. Artun O (2018) Investigation of the productions of medical 82Sr and 68Ge for 82Sr/82Rb and 68Ge/68Ga generators via proton accelerator. Nucl Sci Tech 29: 137. 4. Artun O (2018) A study of some nuclear structure properties of 11C, 13N, 15O, 18F, 52Mn, 52Fe, 60Cu, 62Zn, 63Zn, 66Ga, 68Ga, 76Br, 81Rb, 82Rb, 82Sr, 83Sr, 86Y, 89Zr and 92Rb nuclei used for PET in the axial deformation. Indian J Phys 92: 1449-1460. 5. Artun O (2017) Investigation of the production of cobalt-60 via particle accelerator. Nucl Tech Radiat Protec 32: 327-333. 6. Cancer treatment (2019). [https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/ radiation-therapy/external-beam] 7. Artun O (2017) Estimation of the production of medical Ac-225 on thorium material via proton accelerator. Appl Radiat Isot 127: 166-172. [Crossref] 8. Artun O (2017) Investigation of the production of promethium-147 via particle accelerator. Indian J Phys 91: 909-914. 9. Koning A, Hilaire S, Goriely S (2017) Talys manual 1.9. . 10. Exfor (2019) Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data. . 11. Subasi M, Erduran MN, Bostan M, Reyhancan IA, Gueltekin E, et al. (1998) (n,alpha) reaction cross sections of 44Ca, 45Sc and 51V nuclei from 13.6 to 14.9 MeV. Nucl Sci Eng 130: 254. 12. Molla NI, Basunia S, Miah RU, Hossain SM, Rahman M, et al. (1998) Radiochemical study of the Sc-45(n,p)Ac-45 and Y-89(n,p)Sr-89 reactions in the neutron energy range of 13.9 to 14.7 MeV. Radiochim Acta 80: 189. [Crossref] Figure 1. Calculation of cross-section of 45Sc(n,α)42K reaction. Figure 2. Calculation of cross-section of 50Cr(d,n)51Mn reaction. Artun O (2019) An application and importance of production of medical radioisotopes used in cancer therapy and diagnosis Volume 3: 3-3 Med Res Innov, 2019 doi: 10.15761/MRI.1000155 Copyright: ©2019 Artun O. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 13. Doczi R, Semkova V, Fenyvesi A, Yamamuro N, Buczko CM, et al. (1998) Excitation functions of some (n,p) and (n,alpha) reactions from threshold to 16 MeV. Nucl Sci Eng 129: 164. 14. Bostan M, Qaim SM (1994) Excitation functions of threshold reactions on 45Sc and 55Mn induced by 6 to 13 MeV neutrons. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 49: 266-271. [Crossref] 15. Grallert A Csikai J, Buczko CM, Shaddad I (1993) Investigations on the systematics in (n,a) cross sections at 14.6 MeV. IAEA Nucl Data Sect. Report 286: 131. 16. Belgaid M, Siad M, Allab M (1992) Measurement of 14.7 MeV Neutron Cross Sections for Several Isotopes. J Radioanalytical Nucl Chem Letters 166: 493. 17. Ikeda Y, Konno C, Oishi K, Nakamura T, Miyade H, et al. (1988) Activation cross section measurements for fusion reactor structural materials at neutron energy from 13.3 to 15.0 MeV using FNS facility. JAERI Reports No 1312. [Crossref] 18. Levkovskii VN, Kovel`skaya GE, Vinitskaya GP, Stepanov VM, Sokol`ski VV (1969) Cross sections of the (n,p) and (n,alpha) reactions at 14.8 MeV . Sov J Nucl Phys 8: 4. 19. Bayhurst BP, Prestwood RJ (1961) (n,p) and (n,alpha) Excitation functions of several nuclei from 7.0 to 19.8 MeV. J Inorg Nucl Chem 23:173. 20. Klein ATJ, Roesch F, Qaim SM (2000) Investigation of Cr-50(d,n)Mn-51 and NatCr(p,x)Mn-51 processes with respect to the production of the positron emitter Mn-51. Radiochimica Acta 88: 253.


The utility model discloses a lightweight floor laminated slab, which includes a pre-stress concrete thin plate with rectangular section. The concrete thin plate has several lamination pin keys on the upper surface. When concrete is cast at site, the lamination pin keys will closely combine with the concrete layer and the concrete thin plate into an integrated whole to increase the strength of floor slab. The utility model can be prefabricated in batch in workshop in advance; during floor slab construction, the utility models are placed in parallel on bracket of a house, then the concrete layer is cast according to required thickness; the utility models closely combine with the concrete layer to become a part of the floor slab. The utility model not only replaces function of template, but also improves efficiency of construction and labor intensity, so is of good value of practical use and popularization.


Educational target of modern senior high vocational school is the development has the high affixture to be worth of meet the social productivity development demand of tall character talented person.The non-intelligence factor rose the count for much function therein.


has blocked important petroleum development projects there); Russian frustration over Tehran not accepting Moscow's offers to provide Iran with enriched uranium (and thus resolve the Iranian nuclear crisis); Iranian frustration over Moscow's constantly postponing the completion of the Bushehr nuclear reactor; and Tehran's seeming lack of appreciation for Russian efforts to discourage, delay, and soften Western proposals for UN Security Council Resolutions against Iran over the nuclear issue. While it is well known in the West that Iranians resent America and Britain for the role they played in the downfall of prime Minister Muhammad Mossadeq in 1953, parker shows that Iranian press commentary reveals the continuing salience of Iranian resentment toward Russia for the early 19 century treaties that resulted in the persian Empire ceding territory to the Russian Empire. Indeed, parker's account suggests that while there are those in Iran who favor and others who oppose improved relations with the United States, there is not an Iranian constituency that can be characterized as pro-Russian. So long as Iran is at odds with the United States, though, Moscow understands that Tehran finds relations with Russia useful. But how long will this hold true? A theme in Russian press commentary about Iran to which parker draws attention is the persistent Russian fear that Iranian-American relations will one day improve, and that when it does, Tehran will be even less cooperative with Moscow than it has been despite Iranian-American relations being poor. If the Obama Administration succeeds in improving Iranian-American relations, the validity of this fear will be tested. On the other hand, if Iranian-American relations do not improve, parker's analysis suggests that Russian-Iranian ties are not likely to get any better than they are now. John parker's Persian Dreams is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the extraordinary complexity of the Russian-Iranian relationship.


We demonstrate here a simple planar aluminium-silicon strain sensor incorporating an external aluminium ohmic shunt (metal-semiconductor hybrid) which exhibits a geometrically enhanced room-temperature gauge factor (GF) of up to 843 under uni-axial tensile strains of up of 8x10−5 for a silicon p-type doping level of 1×1017cm−3. We also show that the GF is dependent on the silicon doping density; a GF of 317 being demonstrated for a p-type doping density of 1×1020 cm−3. Moreover a GF well above 1000 is possible in more lightly doped samples. The observed behaviour, to be contrasted with the gauge factor of −93 observed in homogeneous p-type silicon, is the result of the stress-induced anisotropy in the silicon conductivity that acts to deflect the current away from the metallic shunt for tensile strains.


So, it's official: low fat diets don't do much to improve cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (p 757). This conclusion is both surprising and counterintuitive and no doubt will send health promoters into a spin.

In general we in the West are obsessed with fat and with low fat diets. But in true form we still want to have our cake and eat it—so we have invented low fat junk food and pills that allow us to take in as much as we want then excrete a lot of it. Anything to avoid making an effort and actually having to eat healthily. A search on "fat and diet" at www.google.com confirms this: there are over 800 000 sites devoted to lotions, potions, and notions that claim to burn, flush, and remove fat from your system while you continue eating whatever you want. I will not give them free advertising by mentioning them here, but I'm sure you know the sort of thing I mean.

In light of this, thank goodness for www.dietfraud.com, whose mission is to inform the public about diet scams. If you type "fat and diet" into its search engine you will find a list of dodgy sites and what is wrong with them. Obviously, the list is limited, but this site makes a good attempt at naming and shaming some of the culprits.

If you want to stay healthy the old fashioned way or are looking for a site that your patients can turn to, www.hebs.scot.nhs.uk is worth a look. The Health Education Board for Scotland has had much experience in trying to change the dietary habits of a nation that has one of the worst diets in the world. You can find an animated list of the top 10 tips for healthy eating (www.hebs.scot.nhs.uk/02/intro.htm). There is also a carrot telling you that it is "brill to grill" and "good to wok."


Crises teach societies hard lessons but from these challenges come ingenuity, growth, and a renewed sense of kindness towards each other. Since the government of China first announced the COVID-19 outbreak on December 31, 2019, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, SARSCoV-2, has caused disease in 392,331 known cases in 169 countries with resultant 17,159 deaths according to the Johns Hopkins Center for Systems Science and Engineerings Covid-19 Global Cases map (https:// coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html). Telemedicine can provide safe medical care without direct patient contact, effectively decreasing the risk of healthcare associated transmission while maintaining a high quality of care and effective patient-physician communication. The Centers for Disease Control and industry have provided us with the capability to quickly develop testing kits and has shortened the time for a result from a few days to 45 minutes.


A 71–year–old woman arrived in the ER for left hemiparesis and dysarthria. The Patient was oriented, collaborative. Stable hemodynamics. Left hemiparesis. Dysarthria. NIHSS 8, Ranking 2. Blood tests, EGA, swab for SARS–Cov2 were performed (hsTnI 9433 ng, PCR 15.6 mg/dl, Sars–Cov2 positive test). ECG showed evidence of inferolateral ST–segment elevation with Q waves in the inferior site and negative T waves in the inferolateral leads. An episode of chest pain radiating to the left upper limb two days ago was reported. The echocardiography showed non–dilated left ventricle with global systolic function at the lower limits. Inferior, infero–lateral and medio–basal akinesia with hyper–refractive wall and preserved thicknesses were found. Moreover, a slight layer of circumferential pericardial effusion, without any hemodynamic importance was showed. In order to exclude an aortic syndrome, a CT angiography of the brain, neck and chest was performed for recent lesions, with negative result. Angiography showed the left vertebral artery up to the V3 segment, suspected by dissection. Recommendations on performing fibrinolysis in adults, with concurrent ischemic stroke and subacute STEMI, are conflicting: according to ASA/AHA guidelines in recent 3–month infarction, treatment is reasonable if the inferior or right wall is involved. According to ESO guidelines, fibrinolysis is not recommended if the subacute STEMI is seven days old. The Italian guidelines consider the treatment of acute stroke with r–TPA with subsequent PTCA, with possible stent, and recognize a very low risk of consequent hemopericardium. Depending on the timing of the anginal symptoms, the presence of Q waves on the ECG and the echocardiographic alterations, the AMI was considered subacute with no indication for urgent coronary angiography. For the patient of this case report, a conservative attitude for both pathologies was decided, performing an antiplatelet therapy with ASA and continuous ECG monitoring. Despite the treatment, the patient suffered heart failure and exitus after 10 days hospitalization. The lack of unequivocal guidelines on the treatment of patients with simultaneous ischemic stroke and subacute STEMI, require careful evaluation of the individual case, searching for possible predisposing factors of a poor prognosis.


The shift of consumer perception to green product is a great evolution in the recent year. Several changes are already appeared in consumer observation. Different variables are responsible for changing of consumer behavioral pattern. The two major revolutions in consumer market are awareness of environment friendly product or green product and switching to electronic store. This research empirically investigated the consumer awareness about environment friendly product from the perspective of Bangladeshi young consumers' perception. The investigation shows that young consumers are more interested to green products than ever before. Young consumers are highly satisfied with the label green practices. This generation is more conscious about future, they believe that the environment will reply roughly on their unconsciousness to it, they aware about product recycles, they aware about the danger of high carbon emission in this planet. However, such awareness is also related with level of education of country citizen and their universal knowledge. Young enthusiasts from Bangladesh have frequent access in online and offline media and they are developing knowledge on different matters. Green practices are recognized by different elite and authorized bodies, so consumer perception is also changing depending on movement regarding green practices. This research examined the scenario of young consumer perception toward green movement. Data has been collected from young enthusiast and sample size is 200. This research indicates that consumer with high environmental concern are more interested to buy and use green products. Keyword s: Consumer Perception, Green Practices, Green Consumer, Green Marketing


Crop production is facing challenges from threats such as diseases and pests and changes in environmental conditions partly fueled by climate change. Climate change is expected to lead to changes in temperature and precipitation in some parts of the world and could result in lower crop yields. Crop wild relatives (CWR) have been found to be important for crops in efforts to adapt to biotic and abiotic stresses due to climate change. The objective of the study was to collect CWR and other minor crops for conservation and possible utilization in crop improvement in order to adapt crops to changing climatic conditions to ensure food security. In this study 45 accessions of CWR and minor crops were collected and these were Oryza spp., Solanum spp., Vigna sp., Ipomoea sp., Sorghum sp., Eleusine sp. and Pennisetum sp. Farmland constituted the major land on which most of the species were found and collected (86.4%). The study also showed that bushfire was the major threat to the species of interest. This study shows the need to develop a natural inventory of CWR and minor crops of the country and conserve the species ex-situ and in-situ.


Abstract The total proportional strength test was administered to members of a college physical education class in wrestling, to members of a college wrestling squad before and after training for six weeks, to participants in the 1960 AAU wrestling championships, and to members of the visiting 1959 Japanese champion wrestlers. No significant changes were found in the mean scores of the physical education class or the college squad before and after training. Championship-level wrestlers were stronger than nonwrestlers, but not significantly stronger than those less proficient. The Japanese did not differ significantly from the Americans in strength.


We provide and discuss the general solution of a (Hamiltonian) three-body problem in the plane, characterized by Newtonian equations of motion with rotation- and translation-invariant velocity-dependent one-body and two-body forces. The model features a (nonnegative) real parameter ω: when it does not vanish, all solutions are completely periodic with period T = 2π/ω; when it vanishes, both unbounded and confined motions are possible with a rather rich phenomenology of possible behaviour in the latter case, including completely periodic motions and limit cycles.


Community discovery in a dynamic heterogeneous information network is a challenging topic and quite more difficult than that in a traditional static homogeneous information network. Community in heterogeneous information network, named multi-typed community, contains multiple types of dynamic objects and links, which brings three challenges. Firstly, the multi-typed communities are heterogeneous. Secondly, The communities are constantly changing along time. Finally, the network schemas for different heterogeneous information networks are various. To overcome these challenges, we propose a multi-typed community discovery method for dynamic heterogeneous information networks through tensor method without the restriction of network schema. A tensor decomposition framework is designed to model the multi-typed community and address the community evolution. Experimental result on a real-world dataset demonstrates the efficiency of our framework.


ABSTRACT We employed a community of practice to expand the application of the Occupation and Participation Approach to Reading Intervention (OPARI) and build the capacity of practitioners to support children with reading difficulties. Twelve pediatric practitioners participated in a community of practice for 7 months. We used a one group–pretest-posttest–mixed-methods design to measure changes in the knowledge, beliefs, and actions of the participants using a questionnaire and qualitative analysis of discussion documents. We found statistically significant changes (p < .009) in pretest and posttest scores of participants, indicating change in their ability to support the needs of children with reading difficulties. Qualitative findings support the process of change, continued professional development, and application of the OPARI principles. This community of practice process served as an effective means of translating knowledge and gaining insights concerning how the OPARI can be applied in daily practice.


In this paper, a shaking table test for large-span underground structure is introduced. Based on the test, the frequency of inherent vibration, damping ratio and the dynamic response of the structure are studied. The response of the underground structure for vertical seismic excitation is studied as a key point. With the different imbedding depth, the influence of interaction of soil and structure on the earthquake-resistant capacity of the underground structure is discussed.


Based on the manufactory of 1 860 MPa grade PC strand,the damage of materials in drawing was investigated by using the damage mechanics theory.With the help of ABAQUS software,a new damage model of steel wire drawing process was proposed.Furthermore,the damage of steel wire in drawing was calculated.The computational results show that the damage of steel wire is periodically distributed and the maximum damage is common appeared on some nodes.With the increase of the deformation degree,the damage of steel wire increase from 0.003 4 to 0.013 6,but the increments gradually decrease.The damage of steel wire is uniformly distributed and the maximum damage of steel wire is low when the pass draught was from 16% to 18%.


The paper studies the errors in machining cam contour curve in NC machine tool.The factors of coursing errors in machining cam contour are summarized.Using NC loop-locked servo,errors coursed by machine tool's rigidity,clearance,pitch of thread can be compensated.The errors are reduced effectively by this method.


This Symposium on the fiftieth anniversary of the Stonewall Rebellion presents the opportunity to evaluate the regulation and deregulation of gender and sexuality in public space. In 1969, LGBTQ people erupted against policing, harassment, and exclusion in public spaces. While they had engaged in earlier, smaller protests and reforms, Stonewall ignited a mass gay liberation movement and sparked popular awareness of LGBTQ people's civil rights struggles. LGBTQ activists demanded their rights to express identity, associate with one another, and engage in queer behavior. That same year, the newly burgeoning feminist movement also launched protests and called for women's equality in public accommoda-tions—the legal term of art for places open to the public. 1 These groups shared a history of regulation. Customary business practices, the discriminatory administration of liquor licensing laws, and limited protections against discrimination all denied LGBTQ people and heterosexual women alike the freedoms that heterosexual men enjoyed in public space. As they resisted this regulation, LGBTQ people and cisgender women won mutually reinforcing legal reforms. To understand the dramatic change in social custom and law regulating gender and sexuality over the last half century requires examining the historical regulation and deregulation of cisgender


The domestic animals such as bovine are different from a human in placenta structure. In humans, fetal chorionic epithelium is bathed in maternal blood because chorionic villi have eroded through maternal endothelium. In contrast, the chorionic epithelium of bovine fetus remains separated from maternal blood by 3 layers of tissue. Therefore, the immunoglobulin can not be transferred through the placenta in fetus period. An antibody transfer via the colostrum to the newborn calf is the important role for the disease prevention. Colostrum is complete food having the nutritional ingredient, and also, the colostrum contains many immunostimulation factors for the disease prevention in newborn calf. In this article,I would like to introduce the examples that the cytokines in colostrum transfer orally from mother to a newborn calf.


Introduction : a number of large randomised controlled trials have proven that lifestyle interventions can be successful in reducing the incidence of T2D, between 29-58% in high-risk populations. The intensity and resources requirements for those interventions in successful efficacy trials of diabetes prevention are however deterrent to their uptake in routine primary care or community-based settings. The shortage and labour cost impede the employment of health care and allied professionals as intervention implementers in wide-scale diabetes prevention programmes (DPPs). Empowering community or lay health workers has already been identified as a key mechanism in various health promotion efforts and interventions. Non-professional health workers (NPHW) have already been used to deliver components of diabetes management, both in health care and community-based settings, with indications of favourable effects on the outcomes of care. Generally, DPPs utilising nonprofessional implementers have not been systematically characterised, while such information is needed to assist their replications worldwide. This systematic review aims to characterise completed or ongoing nonprofessional implementers centred DPPs around the world.


Spectra of PdH and PdD have been found in absorption in a King furnace. A rotational analysis has been made of one of the PdD bands.


Seed germination and early seedling growth are crucial stages for plant establishment. Two neutral (NaCl and Na
 2 SO
 4 ) and two alkali (NaHCO
 3 and Na
 2 CO
 3 ) salts were selected to investigate their effects on germination and recovery responses in Reaumuria soongorica . Results show that both salt types significantly reduced germination and radicle elongation. The rate of germination and emergence of R. soongorica seeds continuously decreased as salinity increased, and the time to achieve maximum germination rate was delayed. The speed of seed germination dropped rapidly as salt concentration increased. Alkaline salts restricted the germination rate of R. soongorica seeds, and stresses resulting from alkaline salts and high concentrations of neutral salts resulted in many deformed seedlings. The length of the radicle and germ decreased with increasing salt concentration, but certain concentrations of salt and increased pH promoted germ growth. The results of regression analysis show that salt concentration was the dominant factor inhibiting R. soongorica seed germination rate. Salinity, buffering capacity, and pH all affected embryo growth, but salinity had the most pronounced effect. Seed viability under highly saline conditions appears to be a better indicator of adaptation to saline environments than seed germination under saline conditions.


Direct involvement of ascorbic acid in collagen synthesis is well known and represents perhaps the most clearly defined biochemical role of the vitamin. The absence of wound healing and occurrence of fractures that fail to repair are classically-recognized features of scurvy that can be attributed to impaired collagen formation arising from lack of vitamin C. The presence of hemorrhage in this disease may conceivably be regarded as an0ther.l In this paper it is my intention to outline the progress that has been made in the understanding of the mode of action of the vitamin in collagen formation since the time this subject was considered at the first conference on vitamin C organized by The New York Academy of Sciences in 1960.29:' It was then mooted2 that its most likely role was in the formation of collagen hydroxyproline through hydroxylation of proline before the latter was incorporated into peptide linkage. It is now known from studies utilizing isolated collagensynthesizing systems that ascorbic acid does, as thought possible, participate in this reaction and also in the analogous reaction leading to the formation of collagen hydroxylysine, but that the hydroxylation of both the proline and the lysine occurs only after the pertinent amino acid has been incorporated within the collagen polypeptide chain formed during ribosomal collagen protein synthesis. This paper will briefly summarize the relevant evidence that has accumulated over the past decade leading to this conclusion and will consider whether the collagen lesion as it occurs in vivo in scurvy is fully accountable in terms of impaired hydroxylation (of either peptidyl proline and/or peptidyl lysine) . The function of ascorbic acid in collagen synthesis has been reviewed recently by a number of authors."-'


The operating characteristics of PWM rectifier in an unbalanced voltage supply is discussed based on study of the traditional control strategy of the three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier in this paper. For the problems under unbalanced state, the novel control strategy that aims to suppress AC side negative-sequence current is proposed. The control system is divided into positive sequence and negative sequence symmetrical double closed-loop system and is controlled respectively. The simulation experiment verifies that the proposed strategy can effectively reduce the imbalance of AC-side current and the harmonics generated by rectifier and stablize DC voltage, enabling the system to run efficiently, steadily and safely while the input voltages are unbalanced.


The development of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) is currently focused in reaching higher power ratings (≈10MW). Medium voltage operation is at this power level, particularly at grid side, a desirable feature. Therefore, great attention has been given to high-power medium-voltage multilevel converters for WECS. Nevertheless, most modern multi-megawatt turbines use low-voltage multiphase permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) operating at 690V, which requires the use of several converters connected in parallel to reach the multi-megawatt level. This paper presents a low- to medium-voltage converter interface for a dual three-phase PMSG based WECS. Two full bridge diode rectifiers followed by boost converters are used to control each set of three-phase windings of the dual PMSG. The boost converters elevate the voltage to feed each one of the capacitors of the dc-link of the medium voltage NPC grid-tied inverter. The generator side converter has high power density and is a cost effective solution compared to traditional back-to-back solutions. Simulation results are presented to provide a preliminary overview of the performance of the system.


The physical characteristics of stretch ability,shearing and surface roughness of cloth are analyzed.Based on the nonlinear characteristics between stress and deformation in the process of cloth tensile strain,the improved mass-spring cloth model is proposed. By the linearization of the elastic coefficients segmentally,the hyperelastic problem in the simulation of cloth is avoided,and the reality of cloth simulation is improved.


Negative pressure wound treatment system with a buffer unit has a buffer unit disposed between an actuating member (30) and a wound dressing (60) is connected. The buffer unit (50) has a similar physical state as the wound and uses its negative pressure, to compensate for the loss of negative pressure in the wound in order to withstand the pressure increase in the wound during low leakage. The buffer unit (50) prevents the actuator (30) to work directly on the wound in order to reduce the pain of the patient during the lowering of the pressure in the wound.


This paper presents a study of LoRa communication technology performance on underground environments. The communication parameters evaluated between transmitter and receiver considered the depth of the device, the distance between them and the environment where the tests were performed (dense urban, forest and with direct line of sight environments). It was found that the transmission loses data packets when increasing the depth of the device, being also influenced by other factors, like the transmission environment. In addition, it also presents a contribution regarding the transmission of underground signals with no need of communication cables for monitoring parameters of interest, such as leakages tracking in water distribution systems for smart cities applications.


The best source of information and advice about recruitment is the GOV.UK website, which covers legal issues, equality, wages, disabilities, agencies and much more.


One indicator of the success of efforts to increase economic growth and investment attractiveness is the number of investment activities that exist. Therefore, as an area characterized by cities, investment becomes a very important thing for economic growth in Malang Regency. Investment activities are more focused on efforts to utilize local potentials and increase institutional capacity and develop various investment alternatives. Therefore, the private sector and the community need to be encouraged and improved to develop their businesses, including making choices for development activities. Therefore, the research entitled "Legal Review of Malang Regency Regulations Related to Increasing Investment" in Malang Regency is important as one of the efforts of researchers to participate in helping to improve development in Malang Regency in terms of improving regulations and local regulations. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v11i1.4118.


The one- and two-nucleon transfer reactions /sup 12/C(/sup 12/C,/sup 11/B)/sup 13/N and /sup 12/C(/sup 12/C,/sup 10/B)/sup 14/N have been studied in the energy range of the /sup 12/C+/sup 12/C gross structure resonances in a search for related phenomena. Resonances are observed which are correlated with those seen in /sup 12/C+/sup 12/C inelastic scattering. Using Coulomb wave functions to estimate barrier penetrabilities, it is found that the reduced partial widths of the nucleon transfer channels are comparable to those of the inelastic channels.


This special issue on 'Film Policy in a Globalised Cultural Economy' is devoted to the changing economic and technological context in which filmmaking occurs, the policy responses that these changes have generated and their consequences for the pursuit of cultural objectives. The issue offers discussions of the general economic, technological and political shifts shaping the global film industry as well as case-studies examining the specific policies adopted by different states. While these indicate how governments have been obliged to respond to the economic and technological changes wrought by globalisation they also highlight the variations in approach to film policy and the continuation of tensions between economic and cultural, and public and private, objectives.


Test of independence is of fundamental importance in modern data analysis, with broad applications in variable selection, graphical models, and causal inference. When the data is high dimensional and the potential dependence signal is sparse, independence testing becomes very challenging without distributional or structural assumptions. In this paper, we propose a general framework for independence testing by first fitting a classifier that distinguishes the joint and product distributions, and then testing the significance of the fitted classifier. This framework allows us to borrow the strength of the most advanced classification algorithms developed from the modern machine learning community, making it applicable to high dimensional, complex data. By combining a sample split and a fixed permutation, our test statistic has a universal, fixed Gaussian null distribution that is independent of the underlying data distribution. Extensive simulations demonstrate the advantages of the newly proposed test compared with existing methods. We further apply the new test to a single-cell data set to test the independence between two types of single-cell sequencing measurements, whose high dimensionality and sparsity make existing methods hard to apply.


Economic sociologists have documented the rise of financialization, including credit and debt. In the case of monetary sanctions in the criminal legal system, courts frequently extend payment plans—or "layaway"—as a way for defendants to manage financial court debt and gain their freedom. Using 241 hours of courtroom ethnography and 155 interviews with court actors and people paying their court debt in Illinois, the authors offer a microsociology of financialization that shows how the creditor/debtor relationship commodifies freedom, confuses and suffuses court processes, amplifies control, and expands the financial sector into domains that obligate participation. Layaway freedom represents a case of coercive financialization, or the externally imposed, involuntary, or last-resort entry into financial engagements. The manipulation of money and time achieves disproportionate punishment that is multiplicative, rather than simply additive, all under the guise of routine financial responsibility. The authors discuss implications of these concepts for both economic and criminal-legal sociology.


This is a Continuing Medical Education paper and can be found with corresponding questions on the Internet at: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/products/journals/ene/mcqs. Certificates for correctly answering the questions will be issued by the EFNS. Reference 1. Bate H, Eldridge P, Varma T, Wieshmann UC. The seizure outcome after amygdalohippocampectomy and temporal lobectomy. European Journal of Neurology 2007; 14: 90–94.


The invention relates to a preparation method and an application of nano dobesilate calcium capsules or tablets. The capsule comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of nano dobesilate calcium medicinal raw materials, 0 to 50 parts of starch, 0-5 parts of PVP, 2 to 5 parts of dextrin or 2 to 5 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, and 0.1 to 0.5 part of magnesium stearate. The capsule is prepared through the steps of sieving, weighing, soft material preparing, granulating, drying, pelletizing, tabletting or filling and the like. The nano dobesilate calcium capsules or tablets prepared by the invention can be easily absorbed and has high bioavailability, thus reducing the dosage of drugs and adverse reactions. The variety which is unstable in water during the manufacturing process is difficult to be prepared into injection, but the nano material is utilized to improve the bioavailability, which is equivalent to play the role of injection, and has the advantages of convenient oral administration and less pain for patients in treatment, good compliance and lowered production cost, thus being the future development direction of the drug.


The metacognitive awareness and reading strategy use of high school students enrolled in two high schools were investigated. The correlations between reading scores and strategy use were examined as well as the variation in strategy use by self-rated reading proficiency and academic grades. The factor analysis revealed four factors on the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory: Metacognitive Awareness Strategies, Text-Based Strategies, Reading Process Strategies, and Predicting Strategies. Reading Process Strategies were most preferred by participants, whereas Text-Based Strategies were least preferred. A statistically significant difference in strategy use was found for reading achievement, self-rated reading proficiency, and grade level.


From a numerical solution of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, we investigate an interplay of the transverse discrete modes with a longitudinal supercurrent in a metallic cylindrical superconducting nanowire. The superconductor-to-normal transition induced by a longitudinal superflow of electrons is found to occur as a cascade of jumps in the order parameter supercurrent and superfluid density as a function of the superfluid velocity for diameters d10‐15 nm for Al parameters and sufficiently low temperatures T0.3‐0.4Tc, with Tc the critical temperature. When approaching Tc, the jumps are smoothed into steplike but continuous drops. A similar picture occurs for d15‐20 nm. Only when the diameter exceeds 50‐70 nm the quantumsize cascades are fully washed out, and we arrive at the mesoscopic regime. Below this regime the critical current density jc exhibits the quantum-size oscillations with pronounced resonant enhancements: the smaller the diameter, the more significant is the enhancement. Thickness fluctuations of real samples will smooth out such oscillations into an overall growth of jc with decreasing nanowire diameter.


To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer which mainly displays fever and improve the diagnostic accurancy. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 158 cases of liver cancer with the main performance of fever. The liver cancer with fever as the main manifestation is similar to liver abscess, it is easy to misdiagnose and delaye.Making the discrimination and early diagnosis is crucial for patients to receive immediate therapy and improved prognosis.


Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of using KATARAJA media (Javanese Script Smart Card) on the ability to write Javanese script in grade III SDN Lumbang 1 and SDN Lumbang 3 Pasuruan with a total sample of 26 students. The type of research used is Quasi Experiment with research instruments in the form of pre-test and post-test. The results showed that the clarity indicator value in the post-test control class was almost the same as the experimental class, but for the indicator of the accuracy of the value in the post-test the control class was far below the experimental class based on the t-test analysis of the Independent Sample T Test, the results obtained a significance value of 0.000 <0, 05, and the N-Gain Score test results get an N-Gain value of 60.70% (quite effective). So it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between the use of KATARAJA media on the ability to write Javanese characters in grade III SD students, and the use of KATARAJA media is quite effective in learning Javanese to improve students' ability to write Javanese characters.


Synopsis : Studies were carried out on the oxygen gas blowing process of molten steel in an argon gas stirring ladle. It was aimed to increase the bath temperature rapidly and to improve the steel cleanliness by minimizing oxidation losses of silicon and manganese. A mathematical model, describing oxidation behaviors of [Al], [Si] and [Mn], was developed by considering reaction and mixing zones, and was compared with the measurement. Results obtained were as follows : (1) The model can reasonablly explain the heating speed and oxidation behavior of solute elements in molten steel. All parameters used in the model can be determined from operating conditions. (2) In order to minimize oxidation of and [Mn]and to promote oxidation of [Al], it is necessary to increase circulation rate of molten steel and velocity of oxygen gas blown to molten steel, and to shorten the distance between top blowing lance and surface of molten steel.


Adult haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a cytokine storm syndrome that is usually triggered by malignancies, infection or autoinflammatory/autoimmunological diseases. In rheumatology, HLH is better known as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS-HLH). HLH is the result of a gene tically determined and/or acquired dysfunctional immune system. In contrast to hereditary primary HLH (pHLH) in children, HLH in adults is termed acquired or secondary HLH (sHLH). Monogenic disease in adult HLH is rare except for individual cases of a "late-onset" manifestation of genetic disease. The diagnosis of HLH and MAS is often delayed due to unspecific symptoms (fever, cytopenia, highly elevated ferritin, splenomegaly, multiorgan failure), which can overlap with the underlying disease or SIRS. The name-giving haemophagocytosis is only detected in a sub-fraction of patients. sHLH and MAS are associated with signifi cantly increased mortality if left untreated. Diagnostic criteria for pHLH and sJIA-MAS as well as the standardised HLH-2004 therapy protocol have been continuously developed in paediatric clinical studies. In an adapted form, these criteria and individual elements of the paediatric protocol are also used for adults. Novel molecular therapies are increasingly being used to slow down hypercytokinaemia and its detrimental effects in HLH and MAS (e. g. ruxolitinib, anakinra, tocilizumab). This review article aims to provide an overview of the


This work describes the preparation of babassu, castor oil biodiesel and mixtures in various proportions of these oils, using alkaline compounds of strontium (SrCO 3 + SrO + Sr (OH) 2 ) as heterogeneous catalysts. The mixture of oils of these oleaginous sources was used in the production of biodiesel with quality parameters that meet current legislation. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XDR), physisorption of gas (BET method), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The viscometric technique was used to monitor the optimization. The transesterification reactions performed using strontium compounds reached conversion rates of 97.2% babassu biodiesel (BB), 96.4% castor oil biodiesel (COB) and 95.3% Babassu/Castor Oil Biodiesel 4:1 (BBCO41).


A miniaturized planar ultra-wideband (UWB) polygon-slot antenna with wideband-notched property is presented in this paper. With coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed structure and miniaturized dimensions of 18.5 × 20.5 mm2, the antenna is easy to be integrated with microwave circuitry. By using one rectangular CSRR on rectangular patch, the WLAN band from 4.8 to 5.9 GHz is rejected. By cutting off two small rectangles in the lower corners of the rectangular patch, Antenna 2 is finally proposed, and UWB impedance matching from 3.1 to 12.6 GHz is achieved. The final proposed antenna is fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate and measured, and the measured and simulated results show an acceptable agreement. The antenna is validated to perform good radiation properties such as nearly stable radiation patterns, high gain, and high radiation efficiency.


This paper describes a procedure for calculating the signal plan for an isolated unsaturated or oversaturated fixed-time controlled intersection so as to minimize one of the following criteria: linear combination of delay and the number of stops, total delay, total number of stops, total cost of losses, total fuel consumption, total person delay and sum of the squares of the queue length, subject to certain constraints. It is shown that because of the nonlinearity of some of the constraints it is more suitable to transform the problem into a problem without constraints. The problem of selecting one among the optimal signal plans is solved by performing multicriteria outranking of the plans and then accepting the one ranking first in the list as the best signal plan. The PROMETHEE II method is used for multicriteria ranking. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 851540.


Almost all activities in all sectors are supported by technology and information. Fintech has attracted much attention, but the current use of Fintech is still in doubt. This study aims specifically to determine the specific benefits that are felt as well as the negative impacts arising from the use of Fintech together can influence the use of Fintech repeatedly, specifically for the younger generation. This type of research is quantitative research. The sampling method used is Quota Sampling. In this study, 20 samples will be taken from several universities in Malang. Based on the results of the research and discussion of this study, it can be concluded that the higher the economic benefits and comfort provided by Fintech, the higher the recurring assistance for Fintech. Financial risk (financial influence) as a moderating variable that influences the effect of economic benefits (economic benefits) on the continuation of financial technology intentions (intention to use repeatedly in financial technology products). The financial risk offered by Fintech means the higher interest in using Fintech because of the higher the level of Fintech usage the higher.


This study aims to investigate the incidence of non value-adding activities as it affect business performance of the construction industry in Nigeria. Non value-adding activity is used to differentiate between physical waste found on site during construction and other waste which occurs during construction process. The purpose of the paper focuses on the severity of waste and waste causes variables, deepening the awareness of contractors in order to pay close attention to them thus reducing the incidences and offering better performance. Data was collected through questionnaire targeting 100 organisations consisting of contracting organisation, project managers, client organisations and consultants. The Indonesian study used data collected from 99 respondents from 46 different contracting organisations. Statistical analysis were used to rank the importance of waste variables and waste causes variables from different stakeholders in the industry. The findings suggest that repairs on finishing works, waiting for instruction, waiting for materials and materials not meeting specifications were identified as the key waste variables, while site condition, weather and lack of subcontractors' skill were identified as key waste causing variables. These findings contribute substantial detrimental effect to project performance, thus affecting the integrity of the construction industry.


In this paper a numerical model for the minimum‐weight design of a rectangular machine foundation under a harmonic vertical load is presented. The analysis of the dynamics of foundation‐soil interaction is based on frequency‐dependent dynamic properties of a semi‐infinite supporting medium and includes the shape of the foundation plan, the embedment of the foundation into the soil, and hysteretic material damping of the soil. Dimensions of the concrete block are assumed as design variables. Constraints are placed on resonant frequency, vertical displacement amplitude, stresses in the soil and dimensions of the foundation concrete block. A sequential programming method with variable move limits is used to obtain the optimal solution, which is affected by inertia properties of the machine‐foundation‐soil system, damping from dynamic soil‐foundation interaction and local soil conditions. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the applications of the proposed approach.


In the recent years, there is a significant attention to closed-loop supply chain planning because of important business and environmental factors. Relevant literature shows that most of the researchers used mixed integer programming models (MIP) for closed-loop supply chain planning. Although MIP models are powerful tools for modeling and optimizing the design and planning of supply chains, but these models are unable to model the dynamics of such supply chains in planning problems. In this paper, a system dynamics model is developed to cope with the dynamics of closed-loop supply chains in capacity planning and price adjustment problems. To assess the performance and usefulness of the proposed model, the behavior of the model is analyzed through simulation. Normal parameter adjustment always can lead to proper and desired dynamic and static behaviors.


P001 APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICAL METHODS FOR DETECTION OF CAVITIES IN KHALIFA CITY (B) OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE U.A.E. 1 Introduction Cavities have been encountered during the construction of infrastructure in Khalifa City (B) Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Heavy groundwater flow through cavities delayed the works for months and resulted in claim by contractors. Moreover cavities are considered hazardous to the future building structures. A geotechnical investigation involving boreholes laboratory test and geophysical survey has been conducted in Khalifa City (B) since 1999. Approximately 1100 line kilometer of geophysical survey has been completed. An integrated risk map has been produced classifying


A laboratory selection was conducted for Plutella xylostella resistance to abamectin. The results showed that the resistance developed slowly at first and then quickly during the selection. After 14 times of selection during the 20 generations,P.xylostella exhibited 20.92-folds resistance to abamectin compared to the unselcetde parent strain. Estimation of realized heritability (h2) of resistance was studied based on the Tabashnik's method and the h2 for the entire selection experiment was 0.1303. It required 2.4 to 15.9 generations for P.xylostella to obtain 10 fold increase in resistance ratio under selective pressure of 50% to 99% mortality for each selective generation. These results suggested that P.xylostella might have the risk to develop high resistance to abamectin. The susceptibility of the resistant strain to other five insecticides was also tested. The results indicated that the resistant strain had an obvious cross-resistance to emamectin benzoate with a resistant ratio was 8.85 fold,but it had no or low cross-resistance to spinosad,indoxacarb,fiprronil and chlorfenapyr.


Substantial advances have been made in the last decade in the development of practical methods for understanding and predicting how leakage rates and burst frequencies in distribution systems, and some elements of consumption, are influenced by pressure. Members of the Pressure Management Team of the Water Losses Task Force continue to try to improve the practical methods available for analysis and prediction. The combination of existing and new material is presented under four principal topic headings: • Predicting pressure: leakage rate relationships using Power Law exponents • Extending the range of operating pressures for the UARL formula • New information on pressure: consumption relationships • Pressure: new burst frequency relationships The paper concludes with a brief listing of some practical research topics that could usefully be pursued, and explains that, by using software specifically designed for pressure management, practical predictions can usually be made rapidly without the need for network analysis models.


Wind turbines are typically operated to maximize their own performance without considering the impact of wake effects on nearby turbines. There is the potential to increase total power and reduce structural loads by properly coordinating the individual turbines in a wind farm. The effective design and analysis of such coordinated controllers requires turbine wake models of sufficient accuracy but low computational complexity. This paper first formulates a coordinated control problem for a two-turbine array. Next, the paper reviews several existing simulation tools that range from low-fidelity, quasi-static models to high-fidelity, computational fluid dynamic models. These tools are compared by evaluating the power, loads, and flow characteristics for the coordinated two-turbine array. The results in this paper highlight the advantages and disadvantages of existing wake models for design and analysis of coordinated wind farm controllers.


The invention discloses a composite aircraft composed of fixed wings and deformable electric multi-rotary wings. The composite aircraft comprises a machine head, a machine body, a tail wing and wings. Pushing propellers are arranged in the front of the machine head. Rotary wing rods are connected with the wings through rotation devices with drive devices. The upper end faces of the rotary wing rods are ridge-shaped streamline hook surfaces with the two sides arching towards the middle, and the rotary wing rods are of a telescopic rod structure. The composite aircraft has the beneficial effect that vertical taking-off and landing of a rotary-wing helicopter are not limited by a taking-off and landing field and also has the flying speed and durable cruising capability of a fixed-wing airplane. The rotary wing rods can be bent, overturned and rotated through cooperation of bending devices, rotating devices and roller devices, and therefore the propellers can be controlled by a master controller to change the direction and angle at will, and flying is more flexible and convenient. The invention further discloses a control method of the composite aircraft composed of the fixed wings and the deformable electric multi-rotary wings


Abstract Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in the developed world. Worldwide, it is estimated that 13 million babies are born preterm each year and in Europe there are approximately 100 000 potentially preventable preterm births per annum. The intensive care needed for these infants at birth, and long-term care for those that are severely handicapped as a consequence of their prematurity, poses a huge financial burden on society, and a major psychological and emotional cost on the family of the affected individual. The prevention of preterm labour by tocolytic agents aims to prolong pregnancy sufficiently to administer glucocorticoids and arrange transfer of the women to a centre with neonatal intensive care facilities. The β-agonist ritodrine is currently the most frequently used tocolytic in this country, and as a licenced drug is the standard by which all other tocolytics are compared. The large number of significant and occasionally potentially life-threatening side-effects of ritodrine if used inappropriately have prompted the search for other tocolytic agents whether licenced or not which may be associated with their own fetomaternal side-effects. These include prostaglandin synthase inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, nitric oxide donors and oxytocin antagonists. The perfect tocolytic does not exist but this review hopes to give a balanced view of the advantages and disadvantages of each option currently used.


The utility model provides a wireless sensor network monitoring system for a field atmospheric environment and hydrologic information, which has low cost. The monitoring system comprises a sensor node, a sink node, a gateway and a PC (Personal Computer) monitoring terminal, wherein the sensor node acquires environmental data to form an analog signal and converts the analog signal into a digital signal; the sink node is in wireless connection with the sensor node to complete the multi-hop relay transmission of the digital signal; and the PC monitoring terminal is connected with the gateway through the Internet to complete the comprehensive processing of the environmental data and the control on the sensor node. Compared with the traditional GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) wireless transmission modes, the utility model can exempt communication service charge, and the layout scale is not limited; compared with the wired transmission modes, the utility model can avoid wiring, is powered up by batteries and is convenient to replace; a low-power consumption singlechip is adopted to relate to the wireless sensor node, and thereby, the life time of the network can be prolonged to the maximum limit; and compared with wireless transmission equipment on the market, the cost performance has bigger advantages.


Among 21 microorganisms isolated from a soil sample of pulp and paper industry, a thermophilicAnoxybacillus sp. strain JT-12 was found to produce xylotetraose as the main product during cultivation onmedium containing birchwood xylan as a sole carbon source. Hydrolysis of agriculture residues such asrice husk, corn hull, corn cob, rice straw and bagasse by the crude xylanolytic enzyme (consist of 3 types ofxylanases, β-xylosidase, arabinofuranosidase and acetylesterase) was investigated at pH 7.0, 50oC for 48hours. The results showed that it could hydrolyze rice husk better than corn hull, corn cob, rice straw andbagasse. The enzymatic products of rice husk were xylose and xylotetraose while the hydrolysis of cornhull, corn cob, rice straw and bagasse yielded only xylotetraose. Xylotetraose is a high valuable productand can be used in many manufacturers. Keywords : Agricultural residue / Anoxybacillus sp. / Thermophilic bacterium / Xylanolyticenzyme / Xylotetraose


The aims of this study were to describe the learning strategies of lecturers and students, to analyze Cleft Habitus in the learning process of health promotion for lecturers and students, to interpret the implications of Cleft Habitus in health promotion learning due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used descriptive qualitative with data collection stages including purposive sampling and snowball sampling, non-participatory observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The results of the study show that lecturer strategies in learning process were very diverse. New forms of habitus in the learning process of health promotion formed by lecturers and students were very diverse starting from the habitus of learning methods, the habitus of learning models or learning approaches, the habitus of learning evaluation, and the habitus of health protocols. It can be concluded that Covid-19 pandemic has led to Cleft Habitus in the learning process, including learning about health promotion for lecturers and students of the nursing study program of Megarezky University.


For David Kirp, a gifted storyteller and journalist, the concept of community stretches beyond a cliched figure of speech to describe what happens when people make decisions that reshape one another's lives. For this volume, he has collected a fascinating variety of such stories from across America to re-create the immediate experience of community. We meet two San Francisco families, one Nicaraguan and the other black, trying to live peacefully with each other; residents in the fire-ravaged Berkeley hills, whose greed and architectural ambitions thwart attempts to build the new Eden of their dreams; residents of a small southern town caring for a parentless teenager with AIDS; residents of the New Jersey suburb of Mount Laurel deciding whether poor families will be allowed to live in "our town;" and neighbors choosing sides when a black teenager kills his gay white neighbor. These beautifully written tales reveal individuals in the process of forming new alliances or falling back on familiar ones. Each paints a rich picture of how, for better and for worse, Americans live together.


Biomaterials exhibit dramatically varying behavior and efficacy in different tissue microenvironments. On p. 2220, S. Unterman, N. Artzi, and co-workers describe how tuning material properties can enhance efficacy of implanted endothelial cells in the injured perivascular environment. The rational design of materials for optimal in vivo efficacy is dependent on real-time monitoring of tissue, material (red), and implanted cell (green) state using live animal fluorescent imaging.


A study of the meaning of the word responsible parenthood was conducted among 300 young women in Mexico City. 150 were university students of average age 21; 75 were factory workers and 75 were housewives of average age 28. All women were asked to answer a series of 10 questions designed to explore through semantic differentials whether the concept of responsible parenthood meant family planning or personal development and welfare of children. Factor analysis of all the answers revealed that for both groups of women responsible parenthood meant a better understanding of one owns children and the possibility of giving them a better education. The concept of responsible parenthood as family planning appeared only in a few of the university students who equated responsible parenthood with having a limited number of children; this relationship did not appear from the answers of the working class women. The survey was done to help the educational campaign in favor of family planning sponsored by the Mexican government. (summary in ENG)


An array of economic markets in mineral resources is being displaced by a politically dominated energy social system. International energy decisions are now part of regular diplomatic activity. Growing governmental involvement in energy activities has contributed to politicizing relations among energy suppliers and energy consumers within nations. The environmental and energy social movements are expressions of conflict between social strata. Energy and environment issues are selected and acted upon in the context of this wider political confrontation. The debate between "growth" and "steady state" reflects the struggle between two forms of utopian ideology within the energy social system. Two effects of the emergence of the energy social system are: (1) a redrawing of the axes of alliance and conflict among national states and among groups within states; and (2) the reduction in the supremacy of the capitalist market as a cultural institution in favor of political action governing resource allocation.


ABSTRACT A crowdsourcing environment, where there is a very large volume of diverse content resulting from the participation of a mass of unspecified individuals, has resulted in significant changes in education. This paper presents an e-learning content system to manage the inclusion of crowdsourced material on the Web within lecture materials. The e-learning content system comprises a scrape system, learning content editor, and tracing system. As Web content may change with the progress of time, teachers (and students) must check whether the Web-based materials previously used in their classes have been updated. Accordingly, we designed scrape metadata specifications for tracing the original source. These metadata include information on copyrights and tracing, rather than basic data regarding the original source, to allow users to determine whether the original source has been updated. An editor was also configured so that the scraped Web content could be immediately incorporated into the teaching materials for enhanced convenience. The change point tracing accuracy test and utility evaluation performed using this system show that the accuracy of the change point tracing was 97.1% and that this system effectively saves time as compared with checking for changes by entering each URL directly.


The physic-optics(PO) method is combined with the electromagnetic software Ansoft HFSS to calculate accurately the radar cross section(RCS) of aircraft electrostatic discharging.HFSS is applied to compute the scattered field of the part which is covered with plasma,while PO is used for the other of the aircraft.The common constant phase front of two scattered fields is chosen to unify their phases,and the aircraft's RCS can be exactly calculated.


Brazil is currently the world's largest sugar producer and exporter, as well as the world's largest producer and consumer of sugarcane ethanol as a transportation fuel. The growth of this market originates from a combination of government policies and technological change, in both the sugarcane ethanol processing sector and the manufacture of flex-fuel vehicles. In recent years however, ethanol production has been questioned due to its possible impact on food prices. The present paper aims to explore the impact of Brazilian ethanol prices on sugar and gasoline prices. The relationships between a times series of these prices are investigated using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), supported by Granger Causality tests. In addition, Impulse Response Functions (IRFs) and Forecast Error Variance Decompositions (FEVD) are computed in order to investigate the dynamic interrelationships within these series. Our results suggest that ethanol prices are affected by both food and fuel prices, but that there is no strong evidence that changes in ethanol prices have an impact on food prices.


After the second arrangement and analysis about the data, the article tends to discuss the development standard of the higher education of Yunnan among the west provinces, based on the collection of authoritative statistics. Meanwhile, it further analysis the gap between Yunnan and other provinces in the west.


Bank acquisition is the development trend of the current international banking,and is also the problem must be considered and faced by China banking after joining WTO.This paper analyzes the cause of banking mergers,advanced experience of foreign bank merger,and the existing problems in our country,and put forward suggestions to solve the problems,so that improving the strength China's banking industry and their comprehensive competitiveness.


In view of the subjectivity and uncertainty in the scheme choice of water resources projects,considering the actual problems in the project,the analytical hierarchy process is combined with the grey relational method to make the establishment and the solution of the grey relational model more perfectly.The establishing and solving process of the model are verified through an example of scheme optimization of water resources project.The result shows that the model can solve the problem of exaggeration influence of subjective factor at a certain extent and supply an objective method for multi-scheme choice of water resources projects.


Social work is referred to as an ambivalent profession which includes both assistance and control. This leads to a  number of dilemmas. As support when seeking for the solution to those dilemmas one could use the Code of Ethics for social workers of the Czech Republic. Due to the fact that its current form does not focus on the topic of control and that there are not many guides in the Czech language for its processing, the aim of this text is to fi nd out how control work with clients is processed by selected codes of ethics. In order to achieve the goal, we chose a qualitative analysis of eight selected codes of ethics. We have found that the codes examined can be distinguished according to logic – explicit use of the term control, legitimate/illegitimate control, contraindication of control, the situation of legitimate control, the form of control, and ethics of control work. This text is devoted to the fi rst four categories. It is this scope that could be used in the eventual consensus of experts about the new necessity to incorporate parts dealing with control into the Czech Code.


Abstract Efficient gram-scale, one-pot approaches to azidocyanobutyrates and their amidated or decarboxylated derivatives have been developed, starting from commercially available aldehydes and cyanoacetates. These techniques combine (1) Knoevenagel condensation, (2) Corey–Chaykovsky cyclopropanation and (3) nucleophilic ring opening of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with the azide ion, as well as (4) Krapcho decarboxylation or (4′) amidation. The synthetic utility of the resulting γ-azidonitriles was demonstrated by their transformation into tetrazoles via intramolecular (3+2)-cycloaddition. A condition-dependent activation effect of the α-substituent was revealed in that case. Thermally activated azide–nitrile interaction did not differentiate the presence of an α-electron-withdrawing substituent in γ-azidonitriles, whereas the Lewis acid mediated (SnCl4 or TiCl4) reaction proceeded much easier for azidocyanobutyrates. This allowed us to develop an efficient procedure for converting azidocyanobutyrates into the corresponding tetrazoles.


The development of discrete pulmonary nodules in a patient with melanoma immediately suggests metastatic disease. However, other forms of pulmonary metastasis may be less readily detected and less rapidly diagnosed. Specifically, as shown in this case, metastatic melanoma may appear radiographically as diffuse bilateral infiltrates, a pattern that may be confused with infection, edema, or drug reaction.


Donor selection for older leukaemia patients undergoing haematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is not well defined: outcomes might be improved with a younger offspring donor rather than an older human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched sibling donor (MSD). We extended our multicentre dataset. A total of 185 acute leukaemia patients (≥ 50 years) transplanted in first complete remission who received HCT from offspring (n = 62) or MSD (n = 123) were included. A 1:1 ratio matched‐pair analysis was performed. We were able to match 54 offspring with 54 MSD patients. Outcomes were compared between the two matched‐pair groups. The cumulative incidence of grade II/IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) (26% vs. 35%; P = 0·23) and chronic GVHD (37% vs. 24%; P = 0·19) was comparable between groups (MSD vs. offspring). The lower three‐year transplant‐related mortality (9% vs. 26%; P = 0·023) and relapse incidence (6% vs. 17%; P = 0·066) resulted in higher overall survival (85% vs. 58%; P = 0·003) and leukaemia‐free survival (LFS) (85% vs. 56%; P = 0·001) in offspring HCT compared with that in MSD HCT. These data might favour a young offspring over an older MSD in patients >50 years. The current analyses confirm that non‐HLA donor characteristics, such as kinship and donor age, rather than HLA disparity, predominantly influence survival in older acute leukaemia patients.