Background: Scabies incident at boarding school Al-Baqiyatushshalihat Tanjung Jabung West in 2015-2016 there are 200 cases. The aim of this study is the relationship of individual hygiene students with the incidence of skin diseases of skabies in Pesantren Al-Baqiyatushshalihat Tanjung Jabung Barat Year 2017. Method: This research is a quantitative research with case control approach Data collection method is done by distributing questioner then analyzed by Univariat and Bivariat. The case population in this study is all santri who suffer from scabies in Al-Baqiyatushship Pesantren in 2017. The control population is santri who do not suffer from scabies in Al-Baqiyatushshalihat boarding school. Sampling method using total sampling method. Data were analyzed univariat and bivariate with chi-square test. Result: The results showed that there was a correlation between skin hygiene (p-value = 0,004; OR = 3,125; 95% CI = 1,943-6,542), hand hygiene and nail (p-value = 0,001; OR = 3,473; 95% CI = 1,669-7,225), genital hygiene (p-value = 0,002; OR = 3,762; 95% CI = 1,668-8,574), clothing hygiene (p-value = 0,000; OR = 4,062; 95% CI = 1,926-8,571), hygiene (p-value = 0.000; OR = 4,316; 95% CI = 2,045-9,108), cleanliness of bed and bed linen (p-value = 0,000; OR = 13,895; 95% CI = 5,721-33,747) with incidence of Scabies Skin Disease in Al-Baqiyatushshalihat Pesantren Tanjung Jabung Barat. Conclusion: Personal hygiene is a risk factor for scabies events. Bed and bedding hygiene is the highest risk variable for the incidence of scabies. Keywords : Scabies incident, individual hygiene


The authors have studied the crystallizability and determined the compositions of the phases separating out during crystallization of glasses based on the eutectic composition Sb/sub 19.2/Ge/sub 21.4/Se/sub 59.4/, which is located near the boundary of the region of glass formation in the Sb-Ge-Se system with a deficiency of selenium. X-ray diffraction studies were carried out. During crystallization of Sb/sub 19.2/Ge/sub 21.4/Se/sub 59.4/ glass with additions of tin, lead, and tellurium replacing their chemical analogs, the primary crystallization products may be Sb/sub 2/Se/sub 3/, GeSe/sub 2/, GeSe, GeTe, SnSe, PbSe, PbTe, Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 3/, some of which (cubic GeTe, rhombic PbSe and PbTe) were observed earlier only at high pressures or temperature (GeTe). The high-pressure structure pattern has an active influence on the symmetry of other crystalline phases.


Post Soviet states, such as Ukraine, have expanded the number, type and size of their non‐military security forces to the extent that they now are larger than the armed forces. Traditional studies of civil‐military relations have not covered these non‐military forces, which leads to a disjointed picture of security forces in states in the throes of democratisation, such as Ukraine. By studying these forces we can understand the threat perceptions of the ruling elites and how these have changed from external to internal. The study of these forces also shows us how the forces inherited from the former USSR were nationalised and integrated into the newly independent state and how other forces were created or expanded in the course of state building.


The noise budget of an aeromagnetic survey is inherently high, having contributions from several components, for example, instrumentation, the platform, aircraft motion, navigation errors and effects of the temporal variations of the geomagnetic field. Variations in the geomagnetic time series are studied in terms of their contribution to the noise budget of high-sensitivity, high-spatial resolution aeromagnetic surveys. We quantify the electromagnetic and magnetic induction effect and show, from first order approximations, that these are insignificant. An experiment was undertaken to test the spatial coherence of the time varying component of the geomagnetic field. Over a baseline of 17 km, and during quiet magnetic conditions, the temporal variations are incoherent within the micropulsation band. This latter result suggests that the limiting factor in resolving the temporal constituent of the noise budget of an aeromagnetic survey is the spatial coherence of micropulsations.


This study investigates the influence of the rheological parameters on the unyielded zone, pressure drop, and secondary flow pattern of non-Newtonian fluid like fresh cement mortar through a pipe bend with different curvatures. The regularized Herschel–Bulkley model is employed in the framework of lattice Boltzmann method to model the effects of the visco-plastic and shear-thickening/thinning characteristics with variations on the yielding stress σ0 and the power-law index n. The sharper curvature, higher power-law index contributes to a smaller and more asymmetric unyielded zone and even vanishes for curvature radius R c = 1 D and n = 1.4, as the width and distribution of plug region are governed by the comparison between yielding stress and shear stress. The increased yielding stress and power-law index lead to an increase in the total pressure drop and additional pressure loss; however, their variations with respect to the curvature radius display an opposite trend. The intensity of the helical secondary flow in the elbow, primarily governed by the competition between the centrifugal and viscous force, is reduced to about one quarter when σ0 and n increase from 0 Pa and 0.6 to 50 Pa and 1.4.


The paper presents the results of a research on wood fuels used for heating
 in households in the Republic of Srpska (RS). The main objective of this
 research was to determine the real consumption of wood fuels in households
 in the Republic of Srpska using the internationally recognized WISDOM
 methodology, as well as to compare the obtained results with the official
 statistical data. In order to conduct the research and obtain a relevant
 sample, the Republic of Srpska was divided into six mesoregions. The
 research was conducted in 3,149 households, namely 1,380 urban and 1,769
 other households. The results indicated that firewood and other wood fuels
 were used in 334,761 households. Analyzing the differences between the
 results obtained using the WISDOM methodology and the official statistical
 data for the Republic of Srpska, it can be concluded that the consumption of
 firewood was on average 3.41 times higher compared to the official
 statistical data. Results of similar research projects implemented in the
 surrounding countries showed similar trends. The paper suggests the
 necessity of adopting a new approach and comprehensive research in surveys
 conducted by official institutions.


Temperature-dependent interplane resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}(T)$ was measured in an isovalent substituted iron-arsenide compound $\text{Ba}({\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{x}){}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ over a substitution range from parent compound to slightly below optimal doping $x=0.29$. The feature of interest in the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}(T)$, a broad resistivity crossover maximum found in the parent compound at ${T}_{\text{max}}\ensuremath{\approx}200$ K, shifts to higher temperatures with Ru substitution, $\ensuremath{\sim}340$ K for $x=0.161$ and goes out of the 400 K range for $x=0.29$. Nearly $T$-linear dependence of interplane resistivity is found at the highest substitution level $x=0.29$. This temperature-dependent ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}$ and its evolution with substitution bear close similarity to another type of isovalent substituted system ${\mathrm{BaFe}}_{2}({\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{P}}_{x}){}_{2}$. Similarly to the isovalent substitutions, the measurements of interplane resistivity in the parent ${\mathrm{BaFe}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ compound under pressures up to 20 kbar also revealed a rapid rise in ${T}_{\text{max}}$.


In recent years the management of the radio spectrum, in terms of deciding which applications and which users should have access to it, has become increasingly difficult. This is due to the dramatic growth in users and applications requiring radio spectrum and the need from the government for increasing openness and fairness in making decisions. A number of spectrum managers have investigated the use of economic tools to overcome these problems, including an analysis of the economic value of the spectrum, pricing the spectrum, allowing trading in spectrum, and using competitions to assign spectrum. This article examines the roles of these techniques and suggests that there is a strong argument for their widespread adoption within most spectrum managers.


We read with great interest the article by Waldvogel et al.1 The researchers report the cases of 9 patients who underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS) who found their swimming ability deteriorated after DBS.


ABSTRACT As youth's national identity or adopting the nation as the identity is a public concern, arranging them to study in school and know about national culture and history is a supposed strategy. However, critics contend that the study is boring, unintellectual, and thus detrimental. To resolve the controversy over the study, this empirical study analysed survey data on 617 locally born Chinese youths in Hong Kong, which is a special administrative region of China. Results revealed that studying Chinese culture and history in junior high school and its concomitant knowledge were positively predictive of Chinese identity and self-esteem in the youth. Furthermore, the predictive power of the studying was higher for Chinese identity in the undergraduate than in the senior school student. These predictions follow the integrated model of socialization and life crisis resolution theories. Consequently, studying national culture and history is justifiable for strengthening youth's national identity and self-esteem.


The rapid global shifts in the creation and delivery of open and distance learning (ODL) and education policies is playing a critical role more than ever before in the global mobility of staffs and students in the knowledge economies. These shifting patterns and new working practices are affecting the influence and adoption of education policies and even more the nature of new partnership and of communication and learning in complex ways. Contemporary education policies in Nigeria, for instance extends far beyond governmentcontrolled. What characterizes the education policy scenarios surpasses what ordinary eyes could see in terms of measurement. Over the last decade, global cooperation with Nigeria in the education sector to promote ODL has been mainly guided by Notes of Cooperation, thus, making major reforms in Nigeria solely conducted through the Education Sector Analysis (ESA), which oftentimes undermine and results in sets of incomplete diagnoses and information for evidence-based planning and policy formulation. Extensive dependency on traditional generic models such as EPSSim (Education Policy and Strategy Simulation Model) as a tool for adapting specific context of learning in Nigerian education system has been engendering difficulties in the use of consistent education data and undermining cost-related information for the purpose of policy simulation and resource projections. This paper will aim to assess the emerging dynamics in present government education policies and how these impacts on ODL. The paper will attempt a cursory assessment of various education policy statements which several governments, past and present had made and their attendant obstacles for teachers and other education providers, and conclude on a better option for Nigerian education policy as it relates in contemporary ODL contexts and the promotion of competitiveness. The concluding aspects of the paper will examine a cursory description of the emerging pursuit for sustainability and the attendant challenges facing teacher's representative bodies, individual institutions, governments and communities promoting ODL. This will spotlight identified cross-cultural relationships as well as their attendant Institutional responses. OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING: EDUCATION POLICY SHIFTS AND MOBILITY TRENDS Educational policy in Nigeria has passed through two significant stages --the colonial and the post independent era. The amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorate in Nigeria in 1914, that brought people of different ethnic group and faith together, as one country created a pluralistic society as well as a pluralized education system and curriculum which varies as you migrate from the South to the North. Also, the end of the Second World War coincided with the process of democratic transformation and national liberation from colonialism, heralded an educational policy shift towards a national development based on political and social-economic consideration and global best practices. The relationship between education and development is now internationally accepted as a key development index. However post-colonial educational policy succinctly made visible the legacy of British colonial educational policy's philosophy, of the right of all people to education, material and cultural well-being, and reflects nation-building as a factor that is continually being modified by new policy demands. The national educational policy in Nigeria at independence was enormous and includes irrelevant curricula, obsolete methods of teaching and learning and left a huge drop-out gap, which made attributing the problem to include inequality of access, rural urban disparities and the educational gap between ethnic groups among others --this partly led to the 1969 National curriculum conference and the national policy on education in 1977. Year 2004, ushered in the 4th National policy on education which is based on a dynamic model of formulating educational policies that is adaptive to change and most appropriate for developing countries which specifies on adult education, non-formal education, specificeducation type and open and distance learning (ODL). The open and distance learning aspects of these policies provides opportunities for those who are unable to complete their regular channels, hence prepare them for useful living in the society, along the lines of strictly guided international standards. Open education though not new in Nigeria has been given much prominence of recent; it is becoming a notable access to basic and tertiary education for Nigerians. Open and distance learning (ODL) within this new context for Nigerians not only shares the goals of conventional education, but it also aim at providing access to historically under-served, place bound and highly motivated population. Since the early 1970's and even with the changing trends in modern times till date, distance education has been an increasingly important policy option for educational planners in developing countries of Africa and many of these countries have come to accept that this mode of educational provision can play a part in national development. As on record, in the West African region of Africa, the national open university of Nigeria of Nigeria (NOUN) is the first full-fledged university that operates in an exclusively open and distance learning mode of education. NOUN focuses mainly on open and distance learning system, which is more typically of conventional universities in Nigeria and other parts of the world. Its constant academic renewal and relevance and the dynamics of globalization it projects, plus the introduction of information and communications technologies (ICT), resulted in a tidal wave of information that has in many cases, overwhelmed the Nigerian educational sector in the last few decades and this has resulted in radical changes in the educational needs of individual and society at large to meet the changes of the 21st century. The attendant lack of required capacity by our tertiary institutions, noticed as a result, has brought to the fore, as a viable and readily-available option the issue of open and distance learning as an innovative and cost effective approach to the educational process as ODL offers structured learning in which instructors and student are separated by time and space, making use of materials such as print materials, audio and video cassettes, CD ROMs, television and radio broadcasts, as well as multimedia components such as computers and satellite transmission. ODL within the Nigeria experience encourages physical attendance of tutorials in addition to academic counselling services made available as compliments for tutorial sessions. To foster interaction between learners, in certain cases online support is offered through real time chat and email discussion groups with staff and other students. In Nigeria, ODL has however become grounded and remains an alien system of inculcating knowledge to students, who are not accustomed to conventional universities. Nevertheless, and in spite of these progresses, there is still the myth that the Nigerian education circle still struggles with the perception of distance learning. DISTANCE LEARNING, DYNAMICS AND THE EMERGENT RELATIONSHIPS IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMIES AS IT RELATES TO ODL WITHIN THE NIGERIA CONTEXT The term 'Distance Education' refers to an educational approach in which there is a quasiseparation of the learner and the teacher in time and space (Keegan 1996). In distance education, the instructor and the instructional strategy/ methods are subsumed into the learning material (popularly referred to as Study Materials), that have been designed as a selfdirected learning guide for the student. The term 'Open Learning,' on the other hand, refers to the philosophical construct that seeks to remove barriers and constraints that may prevent learners from accessing and succeeding in quality, lifelong education. ODL as an educational method and a philosophic construct has been identified as the most potent instrument for combating the educational problems assailing a nation like Nigeria. Moore and Tait in 2002 asserted that ". . . in developing countries, human knowledge resource development through initial and continuing education is not only seen as crucial for growth and competitiveness, but also has far reaching social impact, for example in influencing birth rate, increasing the independence of women, and improving standards of health and rural environment". This affirms the crucial role that education can play in developing countries like Nigeria. Education is an important ally in the role of social and economic development. The potential of ODL in realising these educational goals has been viewed ambivalently, however. In efforts to meet the new and changing demands for education and training, ODL may be seen as an approach that is at least complementary – and in some circumstances a more appropriate substitute – for face-to-face classroom methods that still dominate most educational systems. Despite the rapid growth in the popularity of distance learning, the quality of higher learning via distance education has been called into question. Walter Perry, the first vice-chancellor of the Open University of United Kingdom noted the "scepticism garnished with ridicule and hostility" of distance education universities. According to empirical evidence, however, there is no significant difference between learning outcomes that can be attained at traditional institutions versus distance learning. While its benefits can be evaluated by technical, social, and economic criteria, distance learning methods also have their pedagogical merit, which leads students to a different way of conceiving knowledge generation and acquisition. Different people perceive the advantages of ODL differently, and their perceptions have influenced attitudes and in fact, global mobility towards acceptance and


Abstract Not Available – First paragraph follows:
No effective spray program against the navel orangeworm—Pararnyehis transitella (Walker)—has been perfected. Therefore, control is dependent on orchard and plant management because the insect, primarily a scavenger, is capable of attacking sound walnuts after the husks have cracked.


This paper uses the method of corpus to construct higher vocational non-professional learners' corpus(HVC),contrasts the use of vocabulary with native language learners',and then discusses the vocabulary depth,breadth and the ability for use of the higher vocational learners,in hopes of correctly appraising the ability of vocabulary use of higher vocational non-professional learners and providing raw data for higher vocational English teaching.


The diversity and heterogeneity of modeling languages make the needs for formal model speci cations and automatic model integration and transformation mechanisms more relevant than ever. These mechanisms are the corner stones in Model-driven Development, which is a natural evolutionary step in raising the abstraction level of programming languages. In this talk, we propose a generic formalism, Generalized Sketches, for specifying modeling languages and their transformations. 1 Model-driven Development (MDD) MDD is a software development process in which modeling, transformations and automatization of model transformations are important issues. In MDD, an application is built by working at the model level. The process starts by specifying an abstract and formal (diagrammatic) model which is independent of the application's platform, i.e. the implementation technology, design, programming language ... etc. This kind of model is referred to as Platform Independent Model (PIM) [1]. In PIM, one can specify the business logic of the application without restriction to a special system design. The next step in MDD consists of specifying a transformation for transforming the PIM into a (set of) Platform Speci c Model(s) (PSM). PSMs are also formal models, but they are restricted to a speci c implementation technology and programming language; like OO-design or relational schemes. The last step considers transforming the PSMs to application code. There are many tools that support this step, but existing tools only allow developers to choose among a prede ned set of transformation de nitions, for example, transforming UML class diagrams to Java, C++, SQL code ...etc. The challenge in MDD is in nding a formalism for specifying the models and choosing mechanisms for de nition of (and automatically execution of) transformations between those models. 2 Generalized Sketches (GS) GS is a graph-based speci cation format that borrows its main ideas from both categorical and rst-order logic, and adapts them to software engineering needs [2]. The claim behind GS is that any diagrammatic speci cation technique in software engineering can be seen as a speci c instance of the GS speci cation pattern. GS is a pattern, i.e. generic, in the sense that we can instantiate this pattern by a signature that corresponds to a speci c speci cation technique, like UML class diagrams, ER diagrams or XML. A signature is an abstract structure consisting of a collection (or a graph) of predicate symbols with a mapping that assigns a shape (or an arity) to each predicate symbol. A Σ−sketch is a graph with a set of diagrams labeled with predicates from the signature Σ [3]. Diagrams drawn using a speci c speci cation technique, will appear as a (possibly ambiguous) visualization of a sketch which is parameterized by the corresponding signature Σ. Thus we claim that GS can be used as a standard notation for representing both the syntax and the semantics of diagrammatic speci cation languages, as the syntax and in most cases also the semantics of GS is mathematically well-de ned and unambiguous. 3 Generalized Sketches and MDD As mentioned above, GS can be used to specify modeling languages and transformations between them. Since GS is a generic speci cation format, it can be used to specify PIMs, PSMs and the transformations between them. Also by regarding programming languages as modeling languages, one can use the following generic mechanism for transformation between PIMs, PSMs and code. ModelsM that are speci ed by a given modeling languageML must conform to the metamodel MM ofML.MM is considered as a speci cation technique which corresponds to a (graphical) signature ΣML in GS, i.e.MM ∼= ΣML [4]. Having abstract de nitions of signatures (or metamodels,) say MM1 and MM2, a relationship or transformation between them can be de ned as a morphism rel : MM2 → MM1 from the target metamodel MM2 to the source metamodel MM1 (see the gure.) Then any model M1 conforming to (i.e. which is an instance of) MM1 can be transformed automatically to a model M2 conforming to MM2 by computing the pullback (M2, i2, rel) of the sink (MM1, i1, rel) [5]. The underlying category of the models and metamodels is GRAPH and thus the pullback exists. The application of the pullback construction opens for automatization of the transformation as it's needed by MDD [6].


This paper aims at studying the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation,using the data of 1952-2007 of China,based on ecological footprint,a more comprehensive measure of environment degradation.Making a further decomposition of ecological footprint,it suggests that,in China,coal,oil,natural gas and electricity are most responsible for the increasing ecological footprint,which must be strictly controlled.In the regression analysis,it is found that the stress on environment and natural resource in China echoes the EKC theory,as it presents the inverted "U" shaped curve.However,due to special international and local background,China must effectively control the environmental stress from economic growth to prevent the inverted "U" shaped EKC curve from transforming into the "N" shaped curve.


The Woman in White (1860) is a tale of mystery and mistaken identity told by its various characters in turn. From the moment when a lovely young woman suprises Walter Hartright in moonlit north London, Collins keeps the reader in suspense until the entire mesh of secrets is unwoven. In the Moonstone (1868) a fabulous yellow diamond disappears from the Verinders' country house in Yorkshire. Witnesses, suspects, and detectives all take up the story, and their narratives lead toward a melodramtic, unforeseeable conclusion. Valeria Woodville in The Law and the Lady (1875) must unravel the secrets of her husband's earlier life; she takes the law into her own hands and becomes one of the first woman detectives in fiction. Collins's memorable, opinionated characters and his masterful control of pace and plot make thse early thrillers as racy and exciting as any written today.


Soundscape studies carried out in historical areas need extensive research and analysis in the processes from the past to the present. It is determined by taking into account many variables such as historical process, the character of area, events and people. In this study, it is aimed
 to investigate the past experiences of the people carried out in historical areas affect the evaluation of the present data. Eskisehir was chosen as the study area. Eskisehir is an Anatolian city in the Central Anatolia region, on the trade routes and at the intersection of railway transportation.
 Due to its proximity to railway transportation, many factories established. Nowadays it is under protection as an industrial heritage. In the study, a questionnaire was conducted to evaluate the soundscape of the region with people living in the region for a long time, and people newly settled
 in Eskisehir. In the survey, the sounds in the region, the pleasantness of the people and the adjective pairs to describe the acoustic environment were asked. As a result of the study, the importance of the user's experience was investigated and evaluated for the survey studies carried out
 in the evaluation of the soundscape of historical areas.


In this paper,an accurate simulation method was presented.The echo signal mathmatics model was founded first,and the distributed satellite SAR echo signal simulation model based on the space coordinate transformation was founded.A set of distributed satellite SAR echo signals were simulated,the formation of the satellites was Cartwheel,one of the satellites transmited signal and others only received signal.After imaging and interferometry processing,the interferometry phase images were achieved.The simulation results shows that,the simulation method in this paper can simulate the distributed satellite SAR echo signal accurately,and can also simulate various system errors,the simulated echo signal is demonstrated to be valid.


The small-molecule glass former methyl tetrahydrofuran (MTHF) was investigated using dielectric spectroscopy, spin-lattice relaxometry, multidimensional stimulated-echo nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, and field gradient diffusometry. We show experimentally that MTHF nicely fits into the pattern of related small-molecule glass-forming liquids, including the existence of a high-frequency contribution to the dielectric loss, the appearance of a pronounced translational enhancement, the dominance of small average rotational jump angles, and the existence of short-lived dynamical heterogeneity.


Interchange ramp terminals are critical components of the highway network. They provide the connection between various highway facilities (e.g., freeway–arterial and arterial–arterial), and their safe and efficient operation is essential. The objective of this research was to develop improved methods for capacity and quality-of-service analysis of interchange ramp terminals. The research focuses on at-grade intersections but not on the freeway proper. All geometric configurations and interchange types except trumpet interchanges are considered, and the scope of the research includes only signalized interchanges and not "Stop" sign–controlled interchanges and roundabouts. The development of the analytical methodology is primarily based on simulation. The reason for using simulation is that adequate samples of field data are not available, and it is prohibitively expensive to collect them for all types of interchange configurations. The research team assessed several simulation models that were identified as capable of simulating all types of interchange ramp terminals and selected the most appropriate one for model development. Once a simulation model was selected, a variety of interchange configurations were simulated, and selected measures of effectiveness were obtained. Analytical models were developed on the basis of the results of simulation to predict different measures, such as average control delay, volume-to-capacity ratio, and queue-to-storage ratio, for a variety of design and traffic control characteristics.


Kerala has achieved better level of development in many spheres, but there disparities in the development experience of different sections of the society especially among the tribal communities. The tribals in Kerala are in different stages of socio cultural and economic development. Most of them still depended on primary sector for their livelihood and they seem to remain in their traditional occupations. Out of the 36 tribal communities some have achieved better levels of development but others not. The Paniya and Kurichiya are the major tribal communities in Kerala. Kurichiyas are said to be wealthier and Paniyas are one of the poorest tribes in Kerala. There are differences in the level of education among them. Both of their major share of population reside at Wayanad district which also has the highest concentration of tribal people in Kerala. The main objective of the paper is to assess the factors responsible for the disparities in development among these two tribal communities in Wayanad district.


With the development of banking technologies, new banking products, and services the development of systems for protecting banking operations from possible risks is becoming increasingly important. The spread of hacker attacks on banking institutions and bank customer accounts, fraud with payment cards, credit fraud, etc. is the main reason for the introduction of various protection systems and finding the best ways to prevent and eliminate risks in the banking industry. Therefore, the issue of security systems for banking operations is not only relevant but also a vital condition for the proper functioning of Ukraine's economy.


Introdution: Chemical drugs against parasites are beneficial, but this method has some problems such as drug resistance, residue and unwanted side effects associated. Therefore, study on alternative therapies especially herbal compounds are research priorities. According to antimicrobial and anti-parasitic effects of Artemisia spp. extracts, this work aimed to study the effect of Artemisia specigera (AS) ethanol extract on digestive system parasitic worms in mice and immunosuppressive effect on infection. Methods: The study was performed on 30 NMRI female mice were divided into five groups. Two control groups and three treatment groups that received Artemisia specigera ethanol extract with 0/2mg/ml, 2mg/ml and 20mg/ml concentrations. Administration of herbal extract has been performed at the first day and was continued every 12h for the next 6 days. The fecal pellets from each group were collected every day and EPG was counted by Lynn Clayton egg counting technique. Results: Our results indicated that Artemisia specigera ethanol extract had protective effects against parasitic worms in mice with 2 and 20 mg/ml concentration. So that, in  the third treatment group the mean of egg counts that included eggs of Hymenolepis nana , Aspicularis tetrapetra and Syphacia obvelata was severely reduced at the last day of treatment. . In addition, the results showed that immunosuppression was effective on infection increase. Conclusion: The effect of AS extract on parasitic worms' infection was related to dose and period of use.


Objective: We were aiming to investigate the relationship of novel CSF biomarkers NFL, CXCL 13 with established CFS parameters, such as IgG ratio, presence of OCB, number of monocytes and Albumin-ratio (Alb-ratio) in CSF. Background: Neurofilament light (NFL)-biomarker of axonal damage is a potential surrogate biomarker for disease progression in multiple sklerosis, MS. The other novel biomarker in CSF, CXCL13 –chemoattractant of B cells is associated with EDSS, MRI lesion burden, but is not specific for MS. These biomarkers are used in clinical practice at Karolinska University Hospital at the time point of diagnosis and to support treatment strategy decisions for secondary progressive MS (SP) patients. Design/Methods: This is a retrospective registry based MS study. From the CSF registry and patient's journal we have ascertained MS patients that has data over NFL and CXCL13 during the period January 2015–january 2016. Clinicodemographical features have been retrieved from Swedish MS registry. All patients had MS diagnosed according McDonalds criteria and MS phenotype has been classified according 1996 Lublin classification. Results: We identified 140 patients, 66% females. 77% had relapsing remitting, 16% secondary progressive and 7% primary progressive. For more demografic data se table 1. 60 percent of the cohort was treatment naive. We found moderate correlations between NFL and CXCL13 (r=0.42, P Conclusions: Moderate correlations between novel biomarker for axonal damage - NFL and traditional biomarker - albumin ratio as well as correlation between inflammatory biomarker CXCL13 and IgG rate gives us better understanding of CSF analysis results that reflects ongoing pathogenic processes. This information might aid in decision making for individualized therapeutic choice for MS patient. Disclosure: Dr. Evertsson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lofstrom has nothing to disclose. Dr. Manouchehrinia has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis as a consultant. Dr. Hillert has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec and Genzyme as an advisory board member and with Biogen, Novartis, Teva Neuroscience and Sanofi-Genzyme as a speaker. Dr. Hillert has received research support from Biogen Idec. Dr. Karrenbauer has received financial support from Stockholm County Council, Biogen, and Novartis. Dr. Karrenbauer has received research support from Biogen and Novartis.


Accurate mass-loss rates are essential for meaningful stellar evolutionary models. For massive single stars with initial masses between 8 and 30M ⊙the implementation of cool supergiant mass loss in stellar models strongly affects the resulting evolution, and the most commonly used prescription for these cool-star phases is that of de Jager. Recently, we published a new Ṁ prescription calibrated to RSGs with initial masses between 10 and 25 M ⊙, which unlike previous prescriptions does not overestimate Ṁ for the most massive stars. Here, we carry out a comparative study to the MESA-MIST models, in which we test the effect of altering mass loss by recomputing the evolution of stars with masses 12–27 M ⊙ with the new Ṁ -prescription implemented. We show that while the evolutionary tracks in the HR diagram of the stars do not change appreciably, the mass of the H-rich envelope at core collapse is drastically increased compared to models using the de Jager prescription. This increased envelope mass would have a strong impact on the Type II-P SN lightcurve, and would not allow stars under 30 M ⊙ to evolve back to the blue and explode as H-poor SN. We also predict that the amount of H-envelope around single stars at explosion should be correlated with initial mass, and we discuss the prospects of using this as a method of determining progenitor masses from supernova light curves.


Collective transverse flow of nuclear matter was measured as a function of the ratio of neutrons to protons (N/Z) of the interacting system for the first time. The collisions of three isotopically pure beams of A=58nuclei with two A=58targets were studied at 55MeV/nucleon. The results for the flow variables demonstrate the sensitivity of transport models to elementary aspects of the nucleon-nucleon collisions. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


he Neversink Watershed Study was initiated in 1991 to develop an understanding of the key natural processes that control water quality within the forested, 166 km 64 mi), Neversink River watershed; part of the New York City drinking water supply system, in the Catskill Mountain region of New York. The study entailed (1) hydrological investigations of water movement from the atmosphere to streams, (2) biogeochemical investigations of nitrogen and calcium, important nutrients in forest and aquatic ecosystems whose availability has been altered by acidic deposition, (3) an investigation of elevational patterns in atmospheric deposition, and (4) fisheries investigations to determine the relative importance of physical habitat and acidic deposition in controlling the abundance and diversity of fish species in the watershed. This report summarizes the results of these investigations, which have also been presented, in detail, in peer-reviewed technical articles and reports that are cited throughout the text. Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection


The total methodological design of interrelated surveys to provide data for analysis, understanding, and modeling of household and personal activity, time use, and travel behavior is addressed. Evolving trends in models in response to current and emerging planning and policy issues are discussed to set the stage for developing data collection needs. Survey design issues are discussed, and the needs for the cross-sectional, single-day household survey of revealed behavior (revealed preference) are discussed in the context of the availability of other, often more appropriate, methods, namely stated preference/stated choice experiments and multiday, panel surveys. Sampling and sample design are discussed, first with regard to a single-day survey, then as affected by multiday design and the economies and other benefits introduced by the use of stated preference surveys and longitudinal panels. A brief description of recent and ongoing surveys in the United States is given.


Introduction: It could be valuable for surgeons and patients to use one chart in different groups and evaluate weight loss during the post-surgery period. Methods: This retrospective study used the Iran National Obesity Surgery Database. Patients with clinically severe obesity aged 18–70 undergoing sleeve gastrectomy participated in this study. Body mass index (BMI) reduction and 5 other metrics measured over the study period were modeled using lambda-mu-sigma method. Our data were split into the train (70%) and test (30%) sets. Results: In this study, 1,258 patients (75% female) met the eligibility criteria to participate. Mean age and initial BMI were 36.87 ± 10.51 and 42.74 (40.37–46.36), respectively. Percentile charts for various metrics have been presented for the first 2 years after surgery. Conclusions: For sleeve surgery, all metrics are acceptable for clinical applications. Using the statistical view, BMI reduction is the most acceptable metric according to the lowest bias values and its variation between all the metrics.


A review is presented of metallization processes of silica optical fiber. Fiber strengths and fatigue data are summarized and compared for liquid metal freezing, chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, electroless and electrolytic coatings. Both continuous in-line and termination-only processes are considered. Details of an electroless Ni-P plating process are presented which can be used to prepare fiber ends for soldering into hermetic packages.


The object of the present invention is to allow an operator to easily perform desired operations with high hydraulic efficiency, without an increase in difficulty of performing operations. A hydraulic drive apparatus of the present invention includes a pump control unit 31 that includes: a pump reference command value setting unit 31a that sets a pump reference command value for a hydraulic pump 10 in accordance with the engine speed of an engine 3; a pump correction command value calculating unit 31b that sets a pump command value by determining an inching rate in accordance with the amount of operation when an inching operation is performed, and correcting the pump reference command value in accordance with the inching rate; and a pump control command value setting unit 31c that sets a pump control command value for controlling the capacity of the hydraulic pump 10, based on the pump command value set by the pump correction command value calculating unit 31b.


An initiative carried out at the Technical University of Cartagena (UPCT, Spain) to encourage students and promote the interest for Scientific and Engineering Culture between society is presented in this contribution. For this purpose, a medium-term (4 years) project based on the design, fabrication, testing and setup of a small Radio Telescope system has been carried out. The main novelty is that this project is entirely being done by students of last courses of our Telecommunication Engineering Faculty, under the supervision of four lecturers.


Measuring risk and including it within the evaluation of mining projects has the potential to facilitate better decision-making practices. By quantifying the risks associated with a particular mining scenario, these uncertain components can influence the project's value. Unfortunately, many of the risk factors that influence a mining project are qualitative in nature, and do not easily lend themselves to numerical evaluation. This paper looks at some of the misapplications of quantitative risk analysis tools in the highly uncertain mining industry. It begins with a review of the progression of valuation techniques that have been used in the mining industry, followed by a look at some of the issues with performing a risk-based evaluation. Using a case study, qualitative risk analysis tools are used to show how these quantitative issues can be alleviated, closing with a brief discussion about possible future research directions.


A light emitting device of a washing machine is provided to improve external appearance and reduce assembly time by integrally forming a transparent window on the light emitting device. A light emitting device of a washing machine comprises plural circular buttons(110,120,130), plural light emitting elements(250), and a transparent window(200). A user can select different functions by pressing the circular buttons. The light emitting elements emit lights in accordance with selected modes. The transparent window covers plural light emitting elements.


The one of the biggest challenges in using e-mail is that it is difficult to filter out unconfirmed senders. Therefore, in this study, an email group authentication API was designed using blockchain technology, which has been widely used as an authentication method. As the proposed model, the node-node weighting index was obtained through the relationship association network, and after designing the email reliability model, the reliability calculation model of the Rotten Tomato method was obtained. Based on this, the system structure was designed, chain code methods were defined, and API was developed. Through this study, it is expected that it will be used in various fields requiring authentication as well as email user authentication, and it is expected that the relationship of group authentication can be proved by allowing a large number of users to use the API in the future.


This study sought to establish the trend of intergenerational support amid current social and economic changes in the Coast region, Tanzania. The study was specifically conducted in Kibaha Town Council (TC) and Mkuranga District Council (DC). The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A total of 394 respondents composed of older people aged 60 years and above out of the 15,919 older people obtained in Kibaha TC and Mkuranga DC were selected to participate in this study. Data was collected through a questionnaire, interview schedule and  FGD. The findings revealed that despite social and economic changes which affect the relationship between parents and adult children, financial support was largely provided to the majority of older people. Indeed the study has noted that despite the reception of support from their adult children, there was a lack of filial obligation among adult children. In addition, though the majority of older people were receiving support, older women, illiterate and those living with their adult children were more likely to demand and receive support than others. As a result of poor economies among adult children, the support received by older people, especially financial assistance was largely inadequate and untimely. It is therefore recommended that the government and the community need to raise awareness among the young people on the importance of helping older parents as part of the strategies to enhance informal protection mechanisms. To reduce a huge burden on adult children, the government needs to re-think and put in place a non-contributory universal pension for all older people. Similarly, the government needs to put a high priority on older women since they are the ones who are most in need of support. To ensure that the support provided is adequate and reliable, the government needs to create more employment opportunities for adult children.


Travel time estimates are highly useful in planning urban mobility events. This paper investigates the quality of travel time estimates in the Indian capital city of Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR). Using Uber mobile and web applications, we collect data about 610 trips from 34 Uber users. We empirically show the unpredictability of travel time estimates for Uber cabs. We also discuss the adverse effects of such unpredictability on passengers waiting for the cabs, leading to a whopping 28.4% of the requested trips being cancelled. Our empirical observations differ significantly from the high accuracies reported in travel time estimation literature. These pessimistic results will hopefully trigger useful investigations in future on why the travel time estimates are mismatching the high accuracy levels reported in literature - (a) is it a lack of training data issue for developing countries or (b) an algorithmic shortcoming that cannot capture the (lack of) historical patterns in developing region travel times or (c) a conscious policy decision by Uber platform or Uber drivers, to mismatch the correctly predicted travel time estimates and increase cab cancellation fees? In the context of smartphone apps extensively generating and utilizing travel time information for urban commute, this paper identifies and discusses the important problem of travel time estimation inaccuracies in developing countries.


Abstract Generation of digital elevation models (DEM) over densely vegetated humid tropics using Sentinel-1 data and Interferometry synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique is revised based on recommended optimum perpendicular baselines, and accuracy assessment based on coherence cells is introduced. Six pairs of Sentinel-1 data within the optimum perpendicular baseline of 150 − 400 m and different temporal baselines acquired between 2015 and 2021 were processed using Sentinel Application Platform. Results revealed: that due to the extreme difficulty of achieving good coherence, interferograms are characterized by noise, generated DEMs are dominated by artefacts, higher elevation accuracy can be achieved within coherence cells, and within the recommended optimum perpendicular baseline range, elevation accuracy within coherence cells is mainly determined by the perpendicular baseline compared to temporal baseline. Therefore, this study can provide practical guide for InSAR generated DEMs evaluation in densely vegetated environments, and remote sensing method for regional-scale measurement and mapping of spots heights.


Low-expansion solid solution surface layers formed by reaction of Cr2O3 and Al2O3 were used to chemically strengthen alumina bodies. The surface layers were formed by packing the samples in Cr2O3 powder and heating to high temperatures. Fluorides or chlorides were added to the packing material, leading to substantial additional improvement. The flexural strengths of the control samples were increased by refiring in the presence of the products of decomposition of the fluorides. At high concentrations of fluorides in the packing material, the outside dimensions and the weights of the samples decreased during the treatments.


Research on the genetic basis of mental disorders crossed a major watershed this summer. For the first time, specific genes have been discovered that influence susceptibility to schizophrenia, a psychosis that affects nearly 1% of people throughout the world and accounts for about 2.5% of health-care costs (1). In this issue of PNAS, Chumakov and colleagues (2) describe a new human gene, G72 , on chromosome 13q34 that interacts with the gene for d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) on 12q24 to regulate glutaminergic signaling through the N- methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor pathway. Using traditional positional cloning techniques of linkage and linkage disequilibrium, they show that both of these genes are associated with increased susceptibility to schizophrenia. Therefore, this is the first discovery of a specific gene that also provides a pathogenic molecular mechanism that can account for the major symptoms of a psychiatric disorder. Similarly, two other groups reported this summer that the gene dysbindin on 6p22.3 (3) and the gene neuregulin 1 on 8p (4) also influence susceptibility to schizophrenia and may operate via the same NMDA mechanism. Each of these gene discoveries came from association analysis targeting chromosomal regions first identified by linkage analysis. The success of groups working on three different chromosomal regions of interest confirms the effectiveness of traditional positional cloning techniques in complex mental disorders. Consequently, these results justify optimism for future progress in unraveling complex disorders in which there is interaction among multiple genetic and environmental variables. However, it is important to recognize both the strengths and the limitations of the genetic and functional strategies used by Chumakov and colleagues (2). It is also important to recognize the continuing significance of the prior work that laid the foundation for these particular experiments.

Twin and adoption studies demonstrated that susceptibility to schizophrenia is strongly …


Fossil submarine hydrothermal systems in Archean greenstone belts and other geologic terranes are important because of their relationship with volcanic massive sulfide (VMS) mineral deposits and their association with environments that are favorable for early forms of life. Interpretation and reconstruction of these systems is difficult because of their geologic complexity. Airborne imaging spectroscopy provides information about the presence, abundance, and composition of near-infrared active minerals at continuous spatial coverage and high spatial resolution, and can therefore be used to obtain new geologic insights into of the Archean hydrothermal systems. It was applied to the Panorama VMS-district in the Soanesville greenstone belt, Western Australia. Results from the analyses of 189 hand specimen showed that the wavelength position of the main absorption feature of white micas, a proxy for their Al content, varied between 2195 nm and 2225 nm. These wavelength variations and the relative abundance of white micas were used to reconstruct fossil fluid pathways from low-temperature recharge to hightemperature discharge zones. Results also showed that the absorption-wavelength variations of white micas could be mapped from airborne imaging spectroscopy using a stochastic method where the presence of white mica minerals and their absorption wavelengths in field measurements were predicted from hyperspectral band ratios. Analysis of the spatial patterns in segmented images, covering 52 km, of white mica probability and their absorption wavelengths and their comparison with field data resulted in the identification of regional scale hydrothermal fluid pathways, a regional-scale K alteration event, and differences in hydrothermal regime between the northern and southern parts of the test area. EPSC Abstracts, Vol. 3, EPSC2008-A-00164, 2008 European Planetary Science Congress, © Author(s) 2008


A B S T R A C T Thymus-derived cells with receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (Fcy+ T cells) have recently been found to have a suppressor function, a function that is decreased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fcy+ T cells were found significantly diminished in 21 untreated SLE patients, particularly in the 7 patients who had active disease. Most Fcy+ T cells were separated with a subpopulation of T cells with low affinity for sheep erythrocytes. Decrease of this subpopulation was dependent on the decrease in Fcy+ T cells. Non-T cells with Fcy receptors were also diminished in SLE patients, but their decrease did not correlate with disease activity. The decrease in suppressor-cell function in SLE may be a result of loss, rather than of dysfunction, of the suppressor Fcy+ T cells. Fc-y+ T cells, thymus- derived cells with receptors for the Fe portion of immunoglobulin G; Fc-yR, receptors for the Fc portion of immuno- globulin G; HA-T cells, T cells with high affinity for sheep erythrocytes; LA-T cells, T cells with low affinity for sheep erythrocytes; MNC, mononuclear cells; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SRBC, sheep erythrocytes. protein levels by radial immunodiffusion in antibody agar plates (Behring- werke, AG); antinuclear antibodies by indirect immuno-fluorescence on stomach and rat kidney sections, using the same polyvalent anti-Ig antibody; lymphocytotoxic antibodies by a modification of the microcitotoxicity assay of Terasaki and MacClelland (15) on a panel of 10 normal lymphocyte donors, and DNA-binding activity by a modification ofthe Farr method as described by Leukonia et al. (16).


VPN can beused all of the security protocol. IPSec offers the highest level of security. The implementation technique of VPN based on IPSec is studied and an implementation approach is presented.


The cornerstone of plate tectonic models for the New England Orogen over the past quarter of a century was that through Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous time, the New England Orogen was a classic convergent continental margin with parallel west to east belts representing volcanic arc, forearc basin and accretionary wedge assemblages. Bryan et al . (2001) have questioned this interpretation by proposing that the rocks attributed to a forearc basin setting actually formed in a backarc basin, and that no arc volcanics of Devonian or Carboniferous age are exposed in the northern New England Orogen. We welcome these new ideas because they provide us with the stimulus to re-evaluate existing tectonic models, which is an essential process if advances are to be made. This discussion is based on our mapping of the Yarrol terrane from 1995 to 1997 (Yarrol Project Team 1997) and previous studies. Figure 1 is a simplified geological map of the Yarrol terrane showing the location of the study areas. We discuss five aspects of the model proposed by Bryan et al . (2001). These are: (i) mid-Devonian magmatism: continental extension versus intra-oceanic arc; (ii) relationship of the Monal volcanic facies association to the Bindawalla Stratigraphic Assemblage; (iii) Monal volcanic facies association: arc versus backarc; (iv) palaeogeography and provenance of the Bindawalla Stratigraphic Assemblage; and (v) provenance linkage between forearc basin and accretionary wedge.


The present invention discloses a resin or the temple of the eyeglass frame manufacturing method, comprising the steps of: making the die according to the shape or the temple of the eyeglass frame; placement of the stent in the female mold; injection loop with a curing agent to the die cavity epoxy resin; epoxy curing blank; an epoxy blank mold; outer blank processing. The method of making the present invention less material consumption, can be easily fitted to the holder in a temple or in an eyeglass frame, realized with colloidal gold, individually designed to improve the quality of the product.


Sulfotransferase( SOT) is one of the most important key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the core structure of glucosinolate. Here Gm SOT1 was cloned from the soybean genome using reverse genetics to investigate its preliminary functions. An ORF( open reading frame) DNA of Gm SOT1 was amplified by PCR and ligated into a pRNAi vector under control of the 35S( Ca MV35S) promoter. The 35S: Gm SOT1 DNA fragment was excised from the pRNAi vector and ligated into the multiple cloning sites of p CAMBIA2301,named as p CAMBIA2301-35S: Gm SOT1. The 35S: Gm SOT1 construct was introduced into mature embryo cells of soybean through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. The transformed soybean embryos were used for preliminary phenotype analysis. Our results showed that the cloned Gm SOT1 gene( CDS) consisted of 1 014 bp nucleotide acids and encoded a 337 amino-acid protein. The construct of 35S: Gm SOT1 was successfully introduced into soybean embryo cells. The transformed radicles appear enlarged and curved. The results provide a new cue to further study on the function of Gm SOT1.


OBJECTIVE The bibliometric index of papers published in Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology in sequential 11 years was analyzed by the citation method in order to get comprehensive understanding of the articles in academic quality and level.METHODS The cited articles in the journal were analyzed and evaluated using quantitative approach on the basis of the data searched from Chinese Medical Citation Index(CMCI) database developed by Medical Library of Chinese PLA.RESULTS The total cites,immediacy index and impact factors of the journal articles were turned to increase in years.Authors were widely distributed,however,mainly concentrated in Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou and some developed provinces as well as the affiliated hospitals of the large medical universities.CONCLUSIONS With comparatively high quality in articles which can fully reflect the scientific achievements and development in the field of nosocomial infections in China,the journal is evaluated as one of core journals in medical even in the whole scientific journal collections.


The multi-function preservative prepared with addition of auxiliaries, which have the functions such as anticorrosion, mould proof, anti bacteria and insect prevention, solves the technical problems of long-distance transport and stack for raw hide.


The paper tries to forecast some of the issues of the pension funds and sustainability considering a scenario of constant age specific fertility and mortality in Romania for the next 50 years. Considering the issues that population ageing brings, we show that if nothing happens in Romania with the demographic indicators, we're heading towards huge problems. The first problem we'll experience is the lack of sustainability of the Romanian pension fund. This will increase deficits and lead to a debt spiral that is hard to stop, especially when confronting with an old population, high taxes that don't attract migrants and the lack of capital.


We performed a new survey of coronae on the surface of Venus. We compared three previously published catalogues of coronae and related structures on Venus [1-3] and compiled a new catalogue of coronae and arachnoids by including features from all three lists that met the criteria for coronae or arachnoids [4]. In addition 38 new structures were recognized from Magellan radar data as a byproduct of the survey of multiple coronae of Venus [5]. We classified all structures into Type 1 and Type 2 based on the completeness of their fracture annulus [1].


Three-dimensional echo (3D-Echo) technology has been under development in the world for 10 years, and great progress has been made in both echographic equipment and personal computers. The principles of 3D-Echo have not changed, but now three-dimensional calculation has become practical. Current 3D-Echo systems have the following merits, and also demerits which must be improved.Merits1. Wide area of view2. Solid form3. Feasibility of volume and weight measurementsDemerits1. No real-time display2. No 2D image information3D-Echo diagnostic ability and technology will be available in the near future. We need to develop performance, including highspecd (realtime), ease of operation, and various forms of measurement such as dynamic imaging, and also reduce the cost.


The authors discuss the concept of an enterprise infrastructure, specifically a training enterprise, through the use of an enterprise model approach. The goal of the enterprise model is to provide a basis for understanding the enterprise concept, for analyzing the goals of the various functions of the enterprise, and for analyzing the informational and operational relationships that must exist among the various functions. It is shown that in order for an enterprise evolve effectively and efficiently a clear understanding of the current enterprise infrastructure must be available and must include the functions performed within the enterprise, the personnel and organizations responsible for the functions, and the informational relationships that exist among the functions. As the environment to the enterprise changes, the infrastructure must be adjusted or evolve to accommodate those changes. It is demonstrated that, through the development of an enterprise model using IDEF/sub 0/, the necessary infrastructure understanding is available to effectively make the appropriate adjustments.<<ETX>>


The sounds associated with construction work in the sea are reviewed. The installation of offshore oil and gas platforms, the mounting of offshore wind turbines on the seabed, the construction and renovation of harbors and piers, and the laying and trenching of pipelines and cables can be exceptionally noisy activities. The sounds associated with pile driving, in particular, have the potential to injure fish, induce hearing loss, and evoke avoidance reactions. The sound‐pressure levels generated in water by these activities are generally measured, but many fish respond to particle motion rather than sound pressure. Measurements of particle motion and intensity will be necessary in the future if the full effects of these sounds are to be assessed.


Authors' contribution Wkład autorów: A. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych C. Data analysis/statistics dane – analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. Literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy Summary Background. To compare the anticonvulsant potency of 10 various p-isopropoxyphenylsuccinimide (IPPS) derivatives [i.e., IPPS (IPPS); N-(morpholinomethyl)IPPS (MM-IPPS); N-(anilinomethyl)-IPPS (AM-IPPS); N-hydroxymethyl-IPPS (HM-IPPS); N-(p-acetylphenyl)-IPPS (AP-IPPS); N-(p-ethoxycarbonylphenylmethyl)-IPPS (ECPM-IPPS); N-(m-bromoanilinomethyl)-IPPS (BAM-IPPS); N-(o-carboxyanilinomethyl)-IPPS (o-CAMIPPS); N-(m-carboxyanilinomethyl)-IPPS (m-CAM-IPPS); N-(p-carboxyanilinomethyl)-IPPS (p-CAM-IPPS)] in the maximal electroshock-induced seizure threshold (MEST) test in mice. Material and methods. Linear regression analysis of doses of IPPS derivatives and their threshold increases in the MEST test in mice allowed to calculate TID20 values i.e., doses of the tested IPPS derivatives that elevate by 20% the seizure threshold in IPPS-treated mice over the threshold in control animals. Results. All the studied IPPS derivatives (i.e., IPPS, MMIPPS, HM-IPPS, AP-IPPS, AM-IPPS, ECPM-IPPS, o-CAM-IPPS, m-CAM-IPPS, p-CAM-IPPS and BAM-IPPS) increased in a dose dependent manner the threshold for maximal electroshockinduced seizures in mice. The TID20 values in the MEST test for IPPS, AP-IPPS, AM-IPPS, BAMIPPS, o-CAM-IPPS, m-CAM-IPPS, p-CAM-IPPS, ECPM-IPPS, HM-IPPS, and MM-IPPS were 60.44 mg/kg, 86.30 mg/kg, 44.69 mg/kg, 103.34 mg/kg, 22.43 mg/kg, 52.84 mg/kg, 80.85 mg/kg, 109.75 mg/kg, 32.62 mg/kg and 53.50 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions. The studied IPPS derivatives with respect to their anticonvulsant potency in the MEST test can be arranged as follows: o-CAM-IPPS > HM-IPPS > AM-IPPS > m-CAM-IPPS > MM-IPPS > IPPS > p-CAM-IPPS > AP-IPPS > BAM-IPPS > ECPM-IPPS.


Abstract: Bovine in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos were cultured in either CR1aa (CR1) or TCM-199 (TCM) medium and compared for their daily development based on the number of cleavage divisions (CDN), as calculated from the total cell numbers of the embryos. Embryos with advanced developmental stage and higher morphological quality were selected for use in the experiment. The relation between the CDN and the number of embryonic days after IVF in both groups showed a linear correlation; no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between the two groups. However, CDN on days 3 and 8 after IVF in the CR1 group did not increase, which suggests that transient developmental arrests occurred at these stages. In contrast, embryos in the TCM group showed a transient evelopmental arrest 3 d after IVF, but CDN increased regularly with age in days at later stages of culture with 100 µM &bgr;mercaptoethanol. A significant difference was found between the regression lines of the two groups during 5–9 d after IVF (P < 0.001). Consequently, numerical analysis of embryonic development in terms of CDN enabled objective evaluation of the developmental progress of bovine IVF embryos.


The three-factorial vegetative-pot experiment was carried out in 2007–2008. The first factor consisted of the series with and without compost of municipal sewage sludge and the second factor involved doses of multi-component mineral fertilizers. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) of Stadion cv. was the test plant. The purpose of the work was to determine the effect of mineral multi-component fertilizers with combined organic fertilization on the content total and forms assimilable of macroelements in soil. Single doses of mineral fertilizers and urea increased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil compared to the control. Doubling the doses of fertilizers and urea raised the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil as compared to single doses. Types of multicomponent mineral fertilizers with the addition of urea did not have a major impact on the diversity of studied elements content in the soil. After two years of experiment, the soil to which compost was introduced in spring contained more nitrogen and phosphorus compared to the control object by 21% and 8.96% respectively. The potassium content in the soil was the same as in the control object. Doubling the doses of mineral fertilizers and urea with the participation of compost resulted in an increase in the content of available forms of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulfate in the soil by 2.52%, 9.12%, 2.25% and 0.80%, respectively, in comparison with single doses. The content of available forms of phosphorus and potassium in the soil after the end of the experiment was greater than of the available forms of magnesium and sulfur.

http://www.jeeng.net/pdf-96320-32559?filename=The Effect of Mineral and.pdf


DNA methylation (DNAme) is a key epigenetic mark that regulates critical biological processes maintaining overall genome stability. Given its pleiotropic function, studies of DNAme dynamics are crucial, but currently available tools to interfere with DNAme have limitations and major cytotoxic side effects. Here, we present untransformed and cancer cell models that allow inducible and reversible global modulation of DNAme through DNMT1 depletion. By dynamically assessing the effects of induced passive demethylation through cell divisions at both the whole genome and locus-specific level, we reveal a cooperative activity between DNMT1 and DNMT3B to maintain and control DNAme. Moreover, we show that gradual loss of DNAme is accompanied by progressive and reversible changes in heterochromatin abundance, compartmentalization, and peripheral localization. DNA methylation loss coincided with a gradual reduction of cell fitness due to G1 arrest, but with minor level of mitotic failure. Altogether, this powerful system allows DNMT and DNA methylation studies with fine temporal resolution, which may help to reveal the etiologic link between DNA methylation dysfunction and human disease.


....................................................................................................................................... IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................... V INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................1 OUTLINE OF THE THESIS ...........................................................................................................................4 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................5 NEOCONSERVATISM AND THE REALIST SCHOOLS ............................................................................................5 NEOCONSERVATISM AND IR LIBERAL THEORIES: .............................................................................................7 NEOCONSERVATISM AND CONSTRUCTIVISM................................................................................................ 10 NEOCONSERVATISM AS DISCOURSE .......................................................................................................... 11 OMISSIONS AND GAPS .......................................................................................................................... 13 METHODOLOGY OF THE THESIS ........................................................................................................ 16 SOURCE SELECTION: DEFINING NEOCONSERVATIVES AND NEOCONSERVATISM .................................................... 16 SOURCE ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................ 19 TENET EXTRACTION WITHIN NEOCONSERVATISM – INTRA-TEXTUALITY ....................................................................... 20 COMPARATIVE APPROACH ................................................................................................................................. 20 THEORY BUILDING. ............................................................................................................................... 20 IDEOLOGIES VS THEORIES ................................................................................................................................... 21 IDEAL TYPES: .................................................................................................................................................... 21 STATELESS THEORIES ......................................................................................................................................... 22 SELECTING WHICH TYPE OF THEORY TO USE: PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF IR THEORIES .......................................... 22 CHAPTER 2: WHAT IS NEOCONSERVATISM? ...................................................................................... 23 A. AN EXPLANATION FOR INTERNATIONAL PHENOMENA: ............................................................................ 24 1. HEGEMONY:............................................................................................................................................. 24 2. AN IDEOLOGY ABOUT IDEOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 31 3. HUMAN NATURE AS FLEXIBLE .......................................................................................................................... 34 4. REGIME TYPE AND DEMOCRATIZATION ............................................................................................................ 35 5. NEOCONSERVATIVES AND THE MILITARY .......................................................................................................... 37 6. NEOLIBERAL ECONOMICS ............................................................................................................................... 39 7. HEGEMONY, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND THE NEOCONS ...................................................................... 42 8. BANDWAGONING AND ALLIANCES ................................................................................................................... 45 B. AN APPROACH TO FOREIGN POLICY ....................................................................................................... 48 I. FOREIGN POLICY INPUTS .............................................................................................................................. 48 II. FOREIGN POLICY PROCESS: .............................................................................................................................. 51 III. FOREIGN POLICY OUTPUTS AND GOALS ............................................................................................................. 55 C. AN IDEOLOGY ............................................................................................................................... 56 PART D. INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT: FROM BURKE TO BLOOM .................................................................... 61 TRADITIONAL ANTECEDENTS OF NEOCONSERVATISM: FROM THE ENLIGHTENMENT TO THE 20 CENTURY .................. 62 I. PUTTING THE NEO IN CONSERVATISM............................................................................................................ 62 II. LIBERALISM AND NEOCONSERVATISM ........................................................................................................... 66


Introduction: In myopia, the eye has excessive light refraction power, refracting parallel rays in front of the retina when not accommodated. In myopia, the visual media focus is in front of the macula lutea. Too strong refraction, refractive myopia, or a lengthy eyeball can cause this. This condition produces long-distance hazy vision, or "nearsightness". Myopia is a natural eye growth variant that may or may not be inherited. Stress of accommodation and convergence and anomalies in the connective tissue linking the trabeculae cause myopia-related glaucoma.

The aim: This article showed myopia as a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma.

Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2013 and 2023 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and SagePub, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done.

Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 78 articles, whereas the results of our search on SagePub brought up 72 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2013 yielded a total 32 articles for PubMed and 19 articles for SagePub. In the end, we compiled a total of 16 papers, 10 of which came from PubMed and six of which came from SagePub. We included five research that met the criteria.

Conclusion: Myopia has been identified as a potential risk factor for POAG and may also serve as a potential protective factor against the progression of POAG. The potential cause for the observed phenomenon could be attributed to the existence of myopia accompanied by a deficiency in the lamina cribrosa. This defect may contribute to a deceleration in the rate of visual field deterioration, as well as the advancement of POAG. Additional investigation into the underlying mechanisms is still required.


A rapid method for the separation and determination of Cl-, , and was established by capillary electrophoresis with conductivity detection. The effects of type, pH value and concentration of buffer solution, and running voltage on the separation were investigated. A good resolution of 4 anions within 12 min was achieved using citric acid-sodium citrate buffer at pH 5.6 and-10 kV running voltage. Under the selected conditions the linear range of 5.0×10-5~2.5×10-3 mol/L, 6.0×10-5~2.0×10-3 mol/L, 1.0×10-5~2.0×10-3 mol/L and 6.0×10-5~1.0×10-3 mol/L, the detection limit of 1.5×10-5 mol/L, 3.0×10-5 mol/L, 1.0×10-6 mol/L and 2.0×10-5 mol/L, the RSD (n=6) of migration time of 3.1%, 3.3%, 2.6% and 2.9% were obtained for Cl-, , and , respectively. The method was satisfactorily used for the determination of tap water.


Police were called to reports of an assault in Westgate, Ripon, at 2.30am on 17 July 2016. The victim, a man in his 20s, received serious injuries that ...


Modifications of Hungerford's method (1965) for production of chromosomal slides from human lymphoid cells in culture have been developed. Modified in vitro induction of banding and uncoiling has been used to produce chromosomal slides from human neoplastic cells of granulopoietic origin. The chromosomes are well spread and appear either long, thin and segmented or uncoiled. It is suggested that it is the combined action of the prolonged fixation used, and the in vitro induction, which leads to the observed structural alteration of the chromosomes. A method for increasing the yield of metaphase cells when working with bone marrow has been developed on the basis of culturing the granulopoietic cells in medium containing colony stimulating factor (CSF). Comparative analysis of metaphases from primary and secondary cultures of bone marrow cells showed that the culturing conditions for the secondary cultures do not induce chromosome abnormalities in the cells during the growth period.


. A real symmetric tensor is completely positive (CP) if it is a sum of symmetric tensor powers of nonnegative vectors. We propose a dehomogenization approach for studying CP tensors. This gives new Moment-SOS relaxations for CP tensors. Detection for CP tensors and the linear conic optimization with CP tensor cones can be solved more efficiently by the deho- mogenization approach.


Based on the pieces of art created in the UK to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the First World War, the article analyzes the visual images used in the national commemorative practices. Interconnection between the specifics of "English style" in the representation of the cultural memory of the Great War and deep trauma of British society as a result of the war is considered.


Television, with a larger audience than other mass media in Indonesia, can improve youth engagement in politics, or at least their curiosity about politics. Previous studies showed inconclusive results concerning the effects of television viewing and political interest. However, the current study assessed the effect of talk shows and variety show viewership on college students' political interests. A survey was conducted of 400 college students at Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta (UPNVJ), Jakarta, Indonesia, using a stratified sampling technique and data analysis with multiple linear regression analysis. The results verified that talk shows and variety show viewership directly relate to the political interest in youth. Variety show viewership has a negative relationship, which means that political interest decreases as viewing of variety show increases. Television use, talk show viewership, and political knowledge positively correlate with political interest. The author suggests a sample from a broader geographical area in the future. Furthermore, the conceptualization of variety shows should be examined more.


Consider a poem as the literary critic reads it; consider the language of an analysand as the psychoanalyst hears it. The tasks of the professionals are similar: to interpret the linguistic, symbolic data at hand. In "Language and Interpretation in Psychoanalysis," Marshall Edelson explores the linguistics of Chomsky, showing the congruence between Chomsky and Freud, and comparing linguistic interpretations in the psychoanalytic situation with interpretations of a Bach prelude and Wallace Stevens's poem "The Snow Man."


On September 28, 2018, the earthquake struck the city of Palu with a force of 5 to 7.7 SR, which was followed by the Tsunami and Liquefaction disasters. A total of 1,636 people died as a result of the incident and damage due to this event according to satellite images reached 2,403 buildings. In this event there were ± 70,000 people in makeshift refugees and not a few victims who began to experience health problems.
In the controversy over the regional regulation on the Palu City Spatial Plan (RTRW) written in Article 45 of the Settlement Area Plan, it advocated a portion of high-density development in disaster-prone areas (liquefaction according to widyaningrum, 2012). This makes a large proportion of the population living in high density development villages have a risk of future survival.
In this planning the author will raise alternative resettlement plans, in order to provide proper and sustainable occupancy of ± 70,000 refugee lives, as well as other allocations of inhabited areas that are felt to be safe for future disasters (Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Factions) in future approaches. approach in the field of Architecture.


A comparative study of the current demographic situation in Nigeria and Malaysia is presented using data from a variety of U.N. and U.S. sources. Topics discussed include the problem of demographic measurement, manipulation of population censuses in Nigeria, differences between population development in the two countries, and natural increase.


New methods are presented for the prediction of the flow depth, grain-size specific near-bed concentration, and bed-material suspended sediment transport rate in sand-bed rivers. The salient improvements delineated here all relate to the need to modify existing formulations in order to encompass the full range of sand-bed rivers, and in particular large, low-slope sand-bed rivers. They can be summarized as follows: (1) the inclusion of density stratification effects in a simplified manner, which have been shown in the companion paper to be particularly relevant for large, low-slope, sand-bed rivers; (2) a new predictor for near-bed entrainment rate into suspension which extends a previous relation to the range of large, low-slope sand-bed rivers; and (3) a new predictor for form drag which again extends a previous relation to include large, low-slope sand-bed rivers. Finally, every attempt has been made to cast the relations in the simplest form possible, including the development of software, so that practicing engineers may easily use the methods.


By using strongly hydrogen diluted silane as a reactant gas source [C(=SiH4/(SiH4+H2))<5%] in a conventional diode PECVD system, we have deposited high quality a-Si:H films which exhibit almost no Steable-Wronski (S-W) effect. The [H] radical in rf plasma erodes the growing surface and eliminates the weak Si-Si bonds, thus reducing the density of metastable defects of a-Si:H films and causing the amorphous network to be more perfect. Our results show that as C value decreases from 5.4% to 0.8%, the peak location of TO mode in Raman spectra changes from 480 to 500 cm-1, the average distortion of bond angles Δθ, which is calculated from the width of half full height of TO peaks, reduces from 9.0° to 3.8°. The hydrogen content CH of the samples which show almost no S-W effect is less than 10 at%.


In this paper we study the stability of a platoon of vehicles considering human driver's memory effects as distributed delays. The control strategy uses the delayed wireless network as well as the local driver reaction in order to attain the velocity of a leader vehicle and a given spacing policy among vehicles. The aim is to assist the driver by using the wireless information of the neighboring vehicles, so that the inter-vehicular distance is regulated. We use the delay Lyapunov matrix to test stability of the fleet in the time-domain. An illustrative example is presented.


A supply chain (SC) consists of all parties invol ved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a custom er request. The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customers themselves. Supplier selection is one of the basic activities of Supply Chain Management (SCM). A best supplier for the firm is one who has implemented th e concept of customer's satisfaction successfully i n his firm. Therefore the evaluation of suppliers becomes a tas k of prime importance. Such a case may be treated a s a case of multi criteria decision making for the solution of which two Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques may be used. In present paper the use of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Weighted Sum Model (WSM) is shown with an example. Firstly, the weights of crit eria are calculated by using AHP, and then by imple menting WSM, assessment of suppliers has been done.


Python as programming language is increasingly gaining importance, especially in data science, scientific, and parallel programming. It is faster and easier to learn than classical programming languages such as C. However, usability often comes at the cost of performance and applications written in Python are considered to be much slower than applications written in C or FORTRAN. Further, it does not allow the usage of GPUs-besides of pre-compiled libraries.However, the Numba package promises performance similar to C code for compute intensive parts of a Python application and it supports CUDA, which allows the use of GPUs inside a Python application.In this paper we compare the performance of Numba-CUDA and C -CUDA for different kinds of applications. For compute intensive benchmarks, the performance of the Numba version only reaches between 50% and 85% performance of the CCUDA version, despite the reduction operation, where the Numba version outperforms CUDA. Analyzing the PTX code and CUDA performance counters revealed that index-calculation is one limiting factor in Numba. Another problem is the type interference for single precision computations, as some values are computed in double precision. By optimizing this within the Numba package, the performance of Numba improves. However, C-CUDA applications still outperform the Numba versions. Further analysis with the CloverLeav Mini App shows that Numba performance further decreases for applications with multiple different compute kernels. The non-GPU part slows down these applications, due to the slow Python interpreter. This leads to a worse GPU utilization.Today Python is widely used in industry and academia and has been the first choice of coding languages among software programmers in the last years. Currently, according to the TIOBE index [5], it is the 3rd most popular programming language and the number one in IEEE Spectrum's fifth annual interactive ranking of the top programming languages [4]. One reason for this is that is easier to learn than classical programming languages like C. However, the other reason is the increasing popularity of Data Science, where Python is the most used language. A collection of libraries such as NumPy [22], and Matplotlib [1] or Scipy [8] provide a rich set of functions for scientific computing [16]. Packages like Dask [19], PyCompss [21] and MPI for Python [6] allow running Python applications on large, parallel machines, promising high performance. However, the performance of Python is considered slow compared to compiled languages such as C, C++, and FORTRAN, especially for heavy computations. In recent years, more and more tools have been developed to counter this prejudice. Numpy [22], for example, uses C-like arrays to store data and offers fast functions implemented in C to speed up calculations. The CuPy [14] package provides a similar set of functions, but these functions are implemented for GPUs using CUDA. The SciPy library is based on NumPy and provides a rich set on functionalities for scientific computing. Still, the high performance of these libraries is provided by the underling C-implementations. Internally, they use libraries like OpenBlas or IntelMKL to reach high performance and therefore, they are limited by the functions which are provided by theses libraries. Therefore, a performance problem always arises when the required functionality is not implemented within these libraries. In this case, the application falls back to the Python interpreter. Compared to "bare metal" code, interpreted code is slow. In addition, in Python it is not possible to use GPUs or other accelerators directly, as the Python interpreter cannot execute code on these machines. Therefore, the usage is only possible with precompiled libraries. To overcome this limitation, different approaches where developed to mix C, CUDA or OpenCL with Python. Cython [2] allows integrating C-code in Python applications to improve performance of critical sections. It also allows an easy development of wrappers for C-libraries. Similar, packages such as PyCuda and PyOpenCL [9] support wrappers for CUDA or OpenCL code within a Python script. Both approaches require the mixture of different programming languages.Numba [10] follows a different approach. Instead of merging C/CUDA code with Python, it allows the development of efficient applications for both, CPUs and GPUs in Python style. When a Python script using Numba is executed, marked functions are compiled just-in-time (JIT) using the LLVM framework. Using Python for GPU programming can mean a considerable simplification in the development of parallel applications.But often a simplification of comes at the expense of performance, and one expects a performance loss from Python compared to pure C code. In this paper, we want to understand the differences between native C-CUDA code and CUDA-code written in Python with Numba. We also want to share some basic tips how to improve the performance of applications written in Numba.We will first analyse a few micro benchmarks in detail. We are using these simple benchmarks, as it is easier to understand the differences with small code examples. We will use the collected information to derive some optimization for Numba. Finally, we evaluate and compare the performance of a more application like mini-app, written in C-CUDA and Numba accelerated Python. We will evaluate if our insights from the microbenchmarks to real applications.


Biphenyl derivatives with small substituents in the ortho and ortho′ positions are called tropos. Due to the low rotation barrier around the C–C bond connecting the two phenyl units, the isolation of only one conformer is not possible; thus they are conformationally unstable. Using DFT calculations, we were able to show that using a suitable peptidic bridging unit, biphenyl systems can become conformationally stable. This stabilization should be independent of the type of substituent in the ortho and ortho′ positions. Some of the proposed biphenyl derivatives were successfully synthesized and studied in solution and solid state. The recorded VT-NMR, 2D-NMR and CD spectra show that all biphenyl derivatives exhibit the P conformation. The preference for the P conformation is confirmed by the structure of a biphenyl derivative in solid state.


The transmission line environment is diverse and complex. Floating objects and birds account for a high proportion of transmission line failures. These two kinds of intrusions will cause line tripping, external force damage and other hazards. It is necessary to patrol and monitor them to ensure the safety of transmission lines. In this paper, the target detection technology of floating objects and birds is studied. According to the different types of intrusions and environmental background, combined with Gaussian background modeling and deep learning algorithm based on YOLO, the target detection algorithm based on deep learning is studied to realize the accurate detection and positioning of transmission line intrusions in complex scenes.


The silver element in silver conductive adhesive used for packaging may be migrate under high electric field, resulting in short circuit in hybrid microcircuits. In this paper, we have simulated different application scenarios of silver conductive adhesive, analyzed the safety spacing to prevent silver migration and proposed reliable preventive measures. The results shown that the spacing of silver conductive adhesive and transmission lines with negative pressure should be wider than 0.2 mm. Silver migration can be effectively prevented by insulating adhesive coating to isolate the contact between water vapor and conductive adhesive.


Electrical activity in the region of the anal canal in man has been previously recorded on many occasions from the voluntary muscle of the external anal sphincter. We have attempted in addition to delineate the electrical activity arising in the smooth muscle surrounding the anal canal with the aim of assessing the relative roles of the two components in preserving anal continence. A preliminary report of some of the data was made to the Surgical Research Society in July 1967 (Wankling, Brown, and Duthie, 1968).


Imaging technologies using millimeter (MM) waves offer a unique means of measurement in many application areas. We discuss MM-wave focal plane imaging technologies whose resolution is limited by diffraction and also MM-wave scanning near-field microscopy whose resolution is much smaller than the operating wavelength. The author's research on both of these are introduced and discussed.


The dynamical symmetry of the non-relativistic Kepler problem has attracted much attention in the scientific literature. In the present paper, we show that the Runge - Lenz vector, which accounts for the presence of this symmetry, has its physical origin in the generator of Lorentz transformations for the relativistic two-body problem. We reach this conclusion by considering the relativistic two-body problem, for the electromagnetic as well as for the gravitational interaction, in the approximation.


We analyze MAP1, MAP2/G/1 finite queues with service scheduling function dependent upon queue lengths. The customers are classified into two types. The arrivals of customers are assumed to be the Markovian Arrival Processes (MAPs). The service order of customers in each buer is determined by a service scheduling function dependent upon queue lengths. Methods of embedded Markov chain and supplementary variable give us information for queue length of two buers. Finally, the performance measures such as loss probability and mean waiting time are derived. Some numerical examples also are given with applications in telecommunication networks.


Axon-Schwann membranes and mesaxons have hitherto been seen in electron micrographs as two single dense lines < 100 A wide separated by a light interzone about 150 A wide, the whole making a double membrane 250 to 300 A wide (4) (Fig. 7). I t will be shown in the present preliminary note that each of the supposedly single dense lines now appears as a pair of dense lines making a unit about 75 A in over-all thickness, and that this unit probably consists of a single bimolecular leaflet of lipide with associated protein. Fig. 1 shows a frog sciatic Remak fiber fixed in permanganate (7). Two axons (ax.) are seen and each is partially surrounded by a Schwann cell. All of the structures included between the arrows 1 make up the axon-Schwann membrane. These structures consist of two pairs of parallel dense lines separated from one another by a light space about 25 A wide. Each dense line is about 25 A thick so that each of the pairs makes a unit about 75 A across? The two units are separated from one another by a light space about 150 A wide. At arrow 2 a similar set of paired dense lines are seen separating the two Schwann cells. In Fig. 6 a mesaxon (m.) is seen to have the same structure. Text-fig. 1 is a semidiagrammatic tracing of Fig. 1. Measurements of the


The Supreme Court of Georgia has ruled that a storm water service charge adopted by a board of commissioners was a fee and not a tax, which meant that the charge did not violate landowners' rights to due process or equal protection.