The invention discloses a plant building for configuring a crane. In the plant building, the installation height of an overhead crane girder is lowered and a portal crane is installed on the overhead crane girder, so that the action point of horizontal force of the crane is lowered and the structure of the plant building and the infrastructural investment are reduced; a crane girder braking platform can be used for placing equipment and the part below the braking platform can serve as walkways, so that the utilization rate of the plant building is improved; and a middle pillar can be arranged under the crane girder, so that the span of the crane girder is reduced and the investment is further decreased.


BACKGROUND Platelet transfusion is increasingly used in patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on aspirin therapy to minimize the progression of ICH. We hypothesized (null) that platelet transfusion in this cohort of patients does not improve platelet function. METHODS We performed a prospective interventional trail on patients with traumatic ICH on daily high-dose (325 mg) aspirin therapy. All patients received one pack of apheresis platelets. Blood samples were collected before and 1 hour after platelet transfusion. Platelet function was assessed using Verify Now Platelet Function Assay, and a cutoff of greater than 550 aspirin reaction units was used to define functioning platelets (FP). RESULTS Twenty-eight patients were enrolled in the study. On presentation, 79% (22 of 28) of the patients had nonfunctioning platelets (NFPs), and transfusion of platelets did not improve platelet function as 81% (18 of 22) still had NFP. Of the 22 patients, 4 converted from NFP to FP after transfusion. There was no difference in the progression of ICH (37.5% vs. 30%, p = 0.7) or neurosurgical intervention (12.5% vs. 15%, p = 0.86) between patients with FP and NFP after platelet transfusion. CONCLUSION Administration of one pack of apheresis platelet did not improve platelet function. In our study, progression of ICH and the need for neurosurgical intervention were independent of platelet function. Further randomized clinical trials are required to assess both the dose dependence effect and role of platelet transfusion in patients on antiplatelet therapy with traumatic ICH. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level III.


Using First Principles calculations as implemented in Wien2K, Electronic structure, Magnetic, Half-Metallic, Mechanical and thermodynamic properties has been studied for Ir2MnAl and Ir2MnGa full Heusler alloys. Structural optimization was performed for nonmagnetic (NM), Ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) states using LSDA as exchange-correlation potential. Both the alloys were found to be stable in FM states. These alloys have satisfied Born mechanical stability criteria in ferromagnetic L21 structure. Elastic constants, Mechanical properties, and thermodynamic properties were calculated. They reveal that these alloys being incompressible, ductile and anisotropic. Ir2MnAl exhibited half metallicity with 100% spin polarization, while, Ir2MnGa was observed to be metallic with 96% spin polarization. The total spin magnetic moment per unit cell of both the alloys satisfy Slater-Pauling rule with 4 μB and 4.02 μB for Ir2MnAl and Ir2MnGa respectively. Ir2MnAl was observed to be a half-metallic ferromagnet with an indirect energy gap of 0.25eV. Curie temperature was calculated using the mean field approximation method to be 110K for Ir2MnAl. Since the calculated value of Curie temperature is low, Ir2MnAl, would not be suitable for room temperature spintronic devices.


The sub problem of fuzzytime-cost trade-off is considered. A direct activity cost function is used, which is assumed to describe the complex interaction between the activity duration and the required resources. The optimization subject to criterion time-cost is performed with a help of flow in the net-project graph, the algorithm of labeling is examined up to the stated problem, the essence of proposed labeling algorithm is to iteratively calculate a sequence of less and less cheap cuts in the current network of critical activities by which the project duration is reduced.


Gates Cambridge Scholarship
National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Intramural Research Training Award (NIH Oxford Cambridge Scholars Program)
Wellcome Sanger Institute


In the last several months the unprecedented increase in the price of natural gas has prompted producers to try to increase their production in order to make the best of the current market conditions. To increase natural gas production the producers and operators can either drill new wells or attempt to stimulate the production from the existing wells by hydraulic fracturing. Cost of hydraulic fractures is considerably lower than drilling new wells. In this study a new approach based on intelligent systems is introduced that helps engineers identify the wells that will benefit most from the hydraulic fracturing procedure. Key-Words: Intelligent Systems, Hybrid systems, Natural Gas, Increase Production.


is critically endangered and poorly known throughout its range in Japan, In order to i]luminate details ofthe species' life history, observations on the phenology and reproductive success ef two large populations in Kochi Prefecture were made from 20e3-2004. Patterns of emergence were comparable and individuals in both populations exhibited a highly synchronous phenolegy. The average individual fiowering period lasted 12.3 and 1 1 .0 days respectively at the two sites, and dehiscence of fruit capsules occurred 25.6 and 25,3 days afier flowering. Only 34.29,6 and 28.49/6 ofplants at the two sites successfully flowered, but rates of seed set were 38.2% and 52.4% despite the virtual absence ofa nectar reward and the lack ofpellen vectors, probably indicative ofselfipollination. Thc failure ofindividuals marked in 2003 to re-emerge, as wel1 as the appearance ofunrnarked individuals suggests that the species has a capacity for andlor rapid the ¢ is provided by the excavation of 89 tubers from representing an average rate ofincrease of .5 Recommendations are made for ongoing studies towards the development of a conservation strategy for the species.


The influence of software environment and its changes on software functions and performance is becoming more and more important. Through literature investigation, this paper studies the concept, composition and characteristics of software environment, and analyzes the relationship between software environment and software requirements. This paper also presents the environment modelling method based on feature model and ontology model, and proposes the procedure and the important steps, together with the differences between the two models. Finally, case studies are given for each model.


Vega Science Trust: An Independent Broadcaster of Informed Scientific Visual and Audio Media. 2006. Created and developed by Vega Science Trust and actively supported by Florida State University, The Kohn Foundation, The Higher Education Funding Council for England, Leverhulme Trust, RealNetworks, and University of Sussex. http://www/vega.org.uk. Accessed September 4, 2006. System Requirements: Latest Version of RealPlayer Microsoft Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox Internet Connection (will function with a modem connection, but has better performance with broadband connections) Would you like your students to watch videos of scientists discussing and analyzing important science issues? If so, you will find the Vega Science Trust site very useful. Most of the videos are approximately 20 minutes and cover all aspects of science at every level. The video format ranges from interviews and lectures to round-table discussions on issues such as the influence of genetics on personality. The presentation techniques make science concepts understandable and interesting and the diverse materials on this site are appropriate for students from high school and the general public through higher education. The discussions are focused on analyzing serious science issues and they include ethical, economic, social, health, and other issues. The "Next Big Thing Series One and Two" and the "Snapshots Collection One and Two: A Day in the Life of a Young Scientist" are easy to understand and are appropriate for introductory biology students. These videos help students develop valuable perspectives on science issues, and learn about various science careers. * The "Next Big Thing; Series One and Two" are roundtable discussions with outstanding scientists and experts in their particular field. These videos help the students to develop awareness that all scientists do not have the same opinions, and that scientists use evidence to support their opinions. Also, during their discussions, they include explanations of various science concepts such as longevity, cloning and stem cells, GM foods, oceanography, and evolution. * The "Snapshots Collection One and Two: a Day in the Life of a Young Scientist" feature "snapshots" of the lives of young scientists with more unusual backgrounds. These snapshots explore what scientists actually do and what it is like to be a scientist. The videos show the excitement of being a scientist, and integrate explanations of science concepts are explored, including: sports medicine, Parkinson's disease, plague-carrying organisms in our waterways, the return of malaria to the U. …


: The article is dedicated to the question whether it is possible to carry out a historical and philosophical experiment in the modern philosophical discourse. The preconditions of the present paper are intentions for methodological comprehension of the classical philosophy in the postmodernism practice. The study both gives theoretical grounding of the possibility itself and forms a specific paradigm of such research through the example of Plato's philosophy. In terms of methodology, the authors are at one with postmodernists (J. Derrida, G. Deleuze, F. Guattari, J. Kristeva) who admit the possibility of studying the history of philosophy by carrying out experiments, applying the deconstructive approach and using resources of the modern language and conceptual framework. The paper key concepts are: "conceptual persona", "metaphysical persona" and "relation between conceptual and metaphysical personae". The experimental program of historical and philosophical research follows the principle of the historical and philosophical constructivism stating that interaction between the theoretical philosophy and the historical and philosophical science should be fruitful, i.e.


Robot soccer is a complex competition game relating to high technology. In this game, quickly and correctly identifying the ball and robot vehicles is the foundation of decision and control system. The paper proposes a new method of quickly identifying multi\|objects in dynamic environment which is based on the color information.


This paper describes a Bayesian fuse-before-track approach to detecting and tracking moving targets by fusing data from multiple passive acoustic arrays. We describe a surveillance application, where a collection of fixed location arrays are charged with monitoring a spatial region. Each array provides information only about target bearing relative to the array. The conventional approach is to track bearing at each array and then fuse the tracks to estimate XY position. Instead, in fuse-before-track, we fuse measurements before creating tracks. The fusion is done using a nonlinear filter, where non-thresholded measurements corrupted by non-Gaussian noise which are related non-linearly to the desired target state are combined from all arrays in one tracker. We illustrate the algorithms' efficacy on real, collected at-sea data.


Pharmacy Guild national executive director Suzanne Greenwood has urged female pharmacy owners to consider running for Guild office, as the organisation gets ready for its elections this year.


9-Phenyl-9H-purin-6-amine derivatives have been synthesized in high yields by reaction between 5-amino-1-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4-carbonitrile with HC(OEt)3 and Ac2O followed by reaction with ammonia.


China's SMEs are an integral part of the national economic system and have developed rapidly in recent years. However, the problem of financing difficulties for SMEs in China is highlighted, which hinders the sustainable development of SMEs. This paper analyzes the financing dilemma of China's SMEs and the importance of developing credit insurance system for SME loan. At the same time, it selects the listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen in 2016 as the sample analysis of the study, and proposes from the improvement of the company's own capabilities, credit environment optimization, risk monitoring advanced with the times, in order to provide a new way to solve the financing dilemma of SMEs. Keywords—Credit insurance system; financing; LOGIT Method; small and medium enterprises


The theory of human capital sprouted in 18th century,started in the 1960's of 20th century and developed quickly after 1980's,which changed from the research of qualitative investigation to quantative investigation.With its perfect development,its importance in the economic development is realized by more and more people.


Do lookers-on make better economic decisions and form more objective beliefs than individuals who are in the situation? We design a laboratory experiment studying the dynamic pattern of job applications and individuals' belief updating process in a labor market problem. Our experimental treatments feature decision-making for oneself versus for others. In both treatments, the probability of being accepted for a job position depends on external shocks as well as the individuals' ability ranking, which is unknown to the subjects. We elicit subjects' beliefs about their own and about others' ability ranking after the realization of each application outcome. We find that, when making decisions for themselves, subjects are more inclined to attribute failure to external shocks, while attributing success to their own ability being higher than others'. Estimation results from a reinforcement learning model show that, compared to decision-making for others, subjects tend to have a higher tolerance for failure and remain in applying for unsuitable jobs for longer periods when making decisions for themselves. Our findings provide supportive evidence for the presence of self-serving attributional bias when individuals' self-image affects their economic decisions. We show that decision-making for others could be used as a good benchmark to measure the degree of individuals' attributional bias.


Abstract The influence of oxidation on the creep behaviour of high-purity iron at 823–1283 K at constant tensile stresses of 4–16 MN m−2 has been studied with a specially constructed ultra-high-vacuum unit. Steady-state creep was enhanced (oxidation-weakening) as the oxygen pressure was increased from 10−9 to 1 mbar. Oxidation-assisted vacancy injection is believed to enhance dislocation and point-defect mobility, especially if the adhering oxide film is repeatedly fractured and repaired during substrate creep. Oxidation-strengthening appears most likely at very low oxygen pressures where a strong, adherent film can impose a mechanical constraint to substrate creep and may provide a barrier to emergent dislocations. Oxidation was found to enhance the temperature effect on steady-state creep irrespective of the creep deformation mechanism in operation.


Memorandum presenting static longitudinal stability and control characteristics of a flare-stabilized body of revolution employing a movable portion of the flare surface as a pitch control determined for a range of Mach numbers, angles of attack, and control deflections. The variation of lift coefficient with pitching-moment coefficient for the basic configuration with control undeflected was found to be essentially linear, and the stability to increase slightly with increasing Mach number.


The clinical and pathological characteristics of a rare granular cell tumor that developed in the vulva (4 cases) and the breast (1 case) offive women aged 35-52 years are reported. The differential diagnosis from skin carcinomas, melanoma and various soft tissue tumors is emphasized.


Soft porous nanocrystals with a pronounced shape-memory effect exhibit two- to three-fold increase in elastic modulus compared to the microcrystalline counterpart as determined by atomic force microscopy nanoindentation. The increase in rigidity is consistent with the known shape-memory effect displayed by the framework solid at the nanoscale. Crystal downsizing can offer new avenues for tailoring the mechanical properties of metal-organic frameworks.


Since the initial descriptions of CD4+ T cell subsets with distinct functions and cytokine production profiles, the question of how these cells originate during an immune response has been asked. Both Th1 and Th2 cells can develop from naive, peripheral CD4+ T cell (Thp) populations, and individual


We address the issues related to the presence of the quantum potential term in a BEC on the observable Analogue Gravity systems. We show that the quantum potential term apparently gives rise to massive scalar excitations of length scales of the order $\mathcal{O}(1/\xi)$ in the lower dimensional space. Since, in 'analogue models', there is a window for experimental observations generally in (2 + 1) or even lower dimensional space, one has to take proper account of the presence of these massive excitations to interpret the results.


Translation of any text into a second language is recognized as inter-cultural communication. Translated literary text is produced as a result of negotiations among different languages. In this respect, the paper aimed to evaluate major approaches associated with quality assessment of literary translation. The Qualitative approach has been applied to investigate the techniques and linguistic features, associated with the translation of literary text. The study analyzed and assessed the issue of literary translation and has emphasized on the maintenance of text originality during translation. The investigation of techniques and linguistic approach has been assessed by employing theoretical perspective. Different past researches have been analyzed, based on the literary text features to identify the associated factors. The translation of any text is observed as an act of parallel creation, where a translator acts as a bridge across different cultures. A creative literary translator is one, who possesses good language skills to render meaning, style, and feeling to the translated content without disturbing the originality of the text. Therefore, a literary translator is believed to have a significant contribution towards better understanding of diverse cultures. The translated text is termed as a hybrid to some extent on the basis of cultural environment as it involves the transplantation of source text into target language.


Alzheimer's disease is now one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and its incidence is increasing. There are many studies dealing with the causes of the disease. Some of them state that fungi can cause the Alzheimer disease. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to establish with certainty that the fungi are the real reason for the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease. Today it is not yet clear whether the fungi are the cause or the consequence of Alzheimer's disease. In my thesis I investigated the growth of 61 strains of human opportunistic fungi, belonging to 19 genera and 56 species on three selected neurotransmitters: glutamate, gamma- aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine. I proved that certain fungi with neurotropic properties grow well on the active neurotransmitters.


Bacterial biomass can be used to extract heavy metals in much the same way as an ion exchanger. Among other things, the operational efficiency depends on the substances carried by the waste water. A specific solution is probably required for each purification process. The treatment of waste biomass from the pharmaceutical and food industries is economically interesting, but reconditioning and stabilizing steps have to be taken into consideration.


The Protein Data Bank (PDB) provides annotation on the quaternary structure for each protein in the repository, but is at times inaccurate. To fill in the lacunae several other databases 1 and programs 2,3 have attempted to screen for correct quaternary structure of proteins. Here we present a new method to identify protein monomers from crystal contacts. The task is challenging because in lattice protein-protein contacts at times are substantially large, but not to the extent to confer it a definitive biological relevance. Our method match closely with PiQSi 1 , a curated protein quaternary structure database, compared to prediction by PISA 3 , a popularly used web server to annotate protein quaternary structure. We have designed a naive Bayes classifier to discriminate contacts in the crystal lattice using ten physico-chemical properties at the protein interface. The model has been built on a known dataset of 609 protein complexes, consisting of biological and non-biological contacts, where PiQSi and PISA agreed on the quaternary structures. The accuracy of the classifier with 10 fold cross-validation is 91.95% and receiver-operator-curve (ROC) area is 0.963. The kappa statistics (κ=0.83) indicates that the predicted output class is in perfect agreement with the actual class 4 . The model is tested with a test set of 113 protein complexes with maximum interface area <1500 A 2 , where PiQSi and PISA contradict each on the question whether a monomer exists or not. Our classifier is able to identify true protein monomers in 78.6% cases, which are indeed monomer as reported by PiQSi but not by PISA.


Each year approximately 60% of the 4 million newborns in the United States become clinically jaundiced. Many receive various forms of evaluation and treatment. Questions regarding potentially detrimental neurologic effects from elevated serum bilirubin levels prompt continuing concern and debate, particularly with regard to the management of the otherwise healthy term newborn without risk factors for hemolysis. Although most data are based on infants with birth weights >2500 g, "term" is hereafter defined as 37 completed weeks of gestation.


The article deals with the political propaganda discourse of anti-Bolshevic governments of Siberia during the Civil war, focuses on the peculiarities of the structure and content. The author scrutinizes the main points, the key signs, the binary oppositions organizing the political discourse of anti-Bolshevic forces in the east of Russia. Special emphasis is laid on the peculiarities of the thematic repertoire of the anti-Bolshevic propaganda.


Objective:To research the relationship between coronary artery lesions and lipid metabolic disorder of coronary heart disease(CHD) with diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods Results Conclution Methods:we have Observed the characteristics of coronary angiography and blood lipids level in CHD with and without type 2 DM patients,the analysis was done by combining the results with the clinical aspects.Results: The blood cholesterol(TC) level and LDL-C are remarkably higher,three branches lesions and diffused lesions of coronary artery increased significantly in CHD with type 2 DM patients than CHD without DM patients(P0.05).Conclusions: The CHD can be prevented and delayed if type 2 DM are treated effectively and the risk factors of CHD such as hyperglucamia hypertension hyperlipdemia and overweight are controlled nicely.


We report a case of bullous pemphigoid occurring in the palatal mucosa. A 72-year-old woman complained of herpetiforms of the palate. Multiple red herpetiform lesions were noted on the palatal mucosa. A biopsy of the lesion showed submucosal bullae. Immunohistochemical examination with antibodies against C3 and IgG exhibited positive staining of the basement membrane. On the basis of these findings, bullous pemphigoid was diagnosed. Treatment with oral prednisolone (20mg/day) resulted in a fair response. The dose of prednisolone was gradually decreased. After 5 months of prednisolone treatment, the herpetiform lesions completely disappeared, and there has been no relapse.


The increased component of the threshold voltage (Vth) of the driving transistor in an amorphous silicon TFT of 0LED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) is removed by turning on and off the gate voltage and the drain voltage at the same time. Specifically, OLED display 10 when turning on and off the gate voltage to the gate electrode of the driving circuit, and an amorphous silicon TFT that drives the OLED by an amorphous silicon TFT, supply to the drain electrode of the amorphous silicon TFT and a supply line driver 14 to the off-voltage.


In colonial southern Africa there were plenty of guns and plenty of skilled shooters, or so it seems. South Africa's "gun society" originated in the seventeenth century, when the Dutch East India Company encouraged the European settlers of the Cape of Good Hope to procure firearms and to serve in the militia. The European farmers (called Boers) who crossed the colonial boundaries into the African interior distributed guns to Africans, in spite of company regulations forbidding the practice. Such regulations remained on the books even after the advent of British rule during the Napoleonic Wars. During the early nineteenth century, British liberals overcame conservative opposition and helped trade and labor become technically free. Liberals also encouraged the spread of evangelical Christianity among Africans. Partly through the encouragement of traders and missionaries, more Africans took up firearms. They did so for many reasons, most prominently to gain security and to kill game. By the time game began to grow scarce, in the middle of the century, British and Boer settlement had extended north and east, while conservatives were gaining the


Based on a 6 year-study on the traditional method of rice foundation seed multiplication(3 plots system),the standardized head-line multiplication method was proposed.The key points of the new method are selecting the desired rice head as a head line,planting with single seedling,comparing the lines by eyes in the field,eliminating the undesired lines,bucking the seeds of desired lines.Three varieties,'Yunhui188','Yunhui290' and 'Dianyouxiang1#',were tested.The results indicated,campared with' plots system',the standardized head-line method inproved the seed quality,the seed purities increased up to 99.93%,99.47% and 98.12%,respectively.The yields of the varieties from stock seeds increased 1.12%,0.97% and 1.04% respectively in a regional test at 7-10 sites in Yunnan province.It was proved that the proposed method simplified the seed multiplication program,increased seed purity and multiplication efficiency,and prolonged the utilization cycle of elite varieties.


The publication of the Spanish Heritage Act of 1985, and the development of the construction sector (especially large infrastructure) during the first decade of the 21st century have been the major factors to trigger the rise of commercial archeology in Spain. The objective of this work is to characterize this emerging sector. We analyze the


We study a propositional bimodal logic consisting of two S4 modalities and [a], together with the interaction axiom scheme h ai ' → h ai '. In the intended semantics, the plain is given the McKinsey-Tarski interpretation as the interior operator of a topology, while the labelled [a] is given the standard Kripke semantics using a reflexive and transitive binary relation Ra. The interaction axiom expresses the property that the Ra relation is lower semi-continuous with respect to the topology. The class of topological Kripke frames axiomatised by the logic includes all frames over Euclidean space where Ra is the positive flow relation of a differential equation. We establish the completeness of the axiomatisation with respect to the intended class of topological Kripke frames, and investigate tableau calculi for the logic, although decidability is still an open question.


Most research on supervisor support and intervention with troubled workers has focused on Caucasian male workers and supervisors, with little emphasis on differences in experiences by gender and race. Thus, little is known about how the gender and race of workers and supervisors may interact to affect help seeking and giving. This study examines through questionnaires to 429 manufacturing employees cross-gender and -race worker-supervisor relationships related to workers' help seeking for personal problems, perceptions of supervisor support, and supervisor intervention. Multivariate analyses show main effects for workers' and supervisors' gender on personal problems and help seeking and interaction effects for workers'and supervisors'gender and race on measures related to personal problems and supervisor intervention. African American workers, especially women, appear to experience more formal than informal supervisor intervention. Female supervisors tend to engage in more formal intervention with troubled workers than do male supervisors.


Purpose: To develop and validate a pre-treatment EPI dosimetry method on Varian TrueBeam linacs using continuous imaging, with reconstruction in a 3D cylindrical phantom geometry. Methods: Delivery of VMAT plans with continuous imaging is currently possible only in Research Mode on TrueBeam linacs, with images acquired in a proprietary format. An earlier technique was adapted to take advantage of technical improvements in EPID delivery, and was tested under various acquisition conditions. The dosimetry of VMAT plans was evaluated at isocentre and within patient volumes that had been transferred to the virtual phantom. Results: Approximately 60 portal image projections per arc were found to be adequate for 3D reconstruction in phantom volumes of 28cm diameter. Twelve prostate, CNS and Head & Neck deliveries were evaluated in Research mode relative to the corresponding Eclipse (v.10) treatment plans, and to measurements on an ArcCheck device in Treatment mode. Mean dose differences at isocentre were within 2% for the three-way comparison, and in PTV volumes were within 1% (s.d. 1%). However, some discrepancies were observed in ArcCheck results that may be related to the small dimensions of certain VMAT apertures. Conclusions: EPI dosimetry with 3D dose reconstruction is an accurate, comprehensive and efficient pre-treatment validation technique for VMAT delivery. Although currently limited to a research mode on TrueBeam, it has the potential to be implemented for clinical use.


Forensic identification either strives to achieve or claim's to achieve conclusions of ‗individualization'. Acceptable methods include Anthropometry, Dactylography, DNA analysis, Forensic Odontology. Among which Fingerprints is a well- known field used widely for personal identification and preferred in data bases and Cephalic index in distinguishing Sex, ethnicity, geographical identification, and Forensic reconstructions. As both Finger prints and Head shapes develop genetically, as unique characteristics of individuals, we intended to study the relation between these two methods of individualization. Finger prints and cephalic index of 100 volunteering students, in the age group of 19–23 yrs were recorded and categorized. The data was subjected to statistical analysis and it was found that, the mean cephalic index among all participants was mesocephalic predominant while the females were predominantly Brachiocephalic. The finger print pattern revealed a predominance of Loop (72%), followed by whorl and arch as a whole, where the Loop pattern predominated in the Mesocephalics, and the whorl in Brachiocephalics. Of interest was the presence of the Arch pattern, seen only in brachiocephalic female. The findings of our study does point to a correlation between Finger print patterns and Cephalic indices of the individuals.


An approximate closed-form solution for the transport equations in heavily doped regions is proposed, leading to an expression for the minority carrier currents, in which the influence of technological parameters is easily readable. As an example, the emitter collection efficiency for a photovoltaic device is evaluated in some significant cases


The quantum-mechanic nature of nuclear matter is at the origin of the vision of a region of enhanced stability at the upper right end of the chart of nuclei, the so-called 'island of stability'. Since the 1960s in the early second half of the last century, various models predict closed shells for proton numbers 114–126 and neutron numbers such as 172 or 184. Being stabilized by quantum-mechanic effects only, those extremely heavy man-made nuclear species are an ideal laboratory to study the origin of the strong nuclear interaction which is the driving force for matter properties in many fields ranging from microscopic scales like hadronic systems to cosmic scales in stellar environments like neutron stars. Since the 1950s, experiments on the synthesis of new elements and isotopes have also revealed various exciting nuclear structure features. The contribution of Bohr, Mottelson and Rainwater with, in particular, the development of the unified model played an essential role in this context. Although not anticipated in the region of the heaviest nuclei, many phenomena were subsequently discovered like the interplay of collective features manifesting themselves e.g. in nuclear deformation, ranging from spherical to prolate and oblate shapes with the possible occurrence of triaxial symmetries, and single particle states and their excitation into quasiparticle configurations. The continuous development of modern experimental techniques employing advanced detection set-ups was essential to reveal these exciting nuclear structure aspects in the actinide and transactinide regions since the production cross-section becomes extremely small with increasing mass and charge. Further technological progress, in particular, high intensity stable ion beam accelerator facilities presently under construction, as well as potentially in the farther future radioactive neutron rich ion beams provide a high discovery potential for the basic understanding of nuclear matter.


The objectives of the Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS) are

to identify those processes that contribute most to the transport of heat in the North Atlantic,
to develop the technology to monitor these processes, and
to obtain a better understanding of the dynamics of the circulation of the North Atlantic [Molinari, 1983].


Based on the characteristics of mathematics analysis,the requirements of information and computing science specialty as well as the final goal of quality-oriented education,this paper reveals some achievements in practice of mathematics analysis teaching reform for information and computing science specialty,and some suggestions are also put forward.


Charlie Nutt has been an active member of the National Academic Advising Association (NACADA) since 1991 and currently is the NACADA Executive Director. NACADA promotes and supports quality academic advising in institutions of higher education to enhance the educational development of students. This organization evolved in 1977from the first National Conference on Academic Advising and currently has over 10,000membersfrom all 50 states. At the October 2011 conference, 15 international countries were also represented. Charlie's current responsibilities as executive director of NACADA include responsibility for coordinating the work of the executive office staff as well as workingwith various NACADA units on professional development and external relations of the association.Arlene Harborth (A.H.): The history of academic advising in the United States goes back to the beginnings of the colonial colleges as faculty sought to not only develop the intellectual enlightenment of the young men attending college through the classical curriculum but also their moral and ethical development (Gillispie, 2003). This institutional guidance, known as "in loco parentis" (in place of the parent) truly provided a strong foundation towards independent responsible citizenry for these students. To what extent has the growing diversity of today's students in higher education changed and possibly expanded the role of the academic advisor?Charlie Nutt (C.N.): One of the major changes in student demographics is based on increased numbers of adult students in community colleges. The concept of "in loco parentis" in relation to adult learning doesn't fit any more. Since the student demographic has become more diverse, advisors currently do much more than serve as parents. Advisors are now providing direction focused on moral, social, economic, and educational development of students. Today's model of expanding advising toward a more holistic approach supports student development and student learn ing, and it far exceeds just sharing registration details. This new expanded approach better prepares today's students in not only excelling academically but also in giving them the potential to improve their basic life skills.A.H.: The expanding role of advising has grown into a more independent, unique, and focused developmental niche in higher education. As the current executive director of the National Academic Advising Association (NACADA), please convey the importance your organization plays in the professionalization of college advising.C.N.: Prior to NACADA coming about, professional advisors really had no association to connect to and very little network opportunities. Advisors were looked upon as just being clerical, so this is the first area that was advanced. Secondly, the organization has advanced the body ofknowledge through its work with publications and research initiatives and through development of material for academic advising that goes beyond just how to register students. I also believe the role NACADA has played specifically with graduate programs for the development of academic advising at Kansas State University is a giant step forward for the professionalization of the field. I think the major pieces are providing networking opportunities for advisors, expanding the body of knowledge and body of literature, and connecting with Kansas State to develop the online graduate programs.A.H.: Do developmental educators and academic advisors have similar theoretical foundations and objectives? The National Association for Developmental Education (NADE) defines developmental education as"a field of practice and research within higher education with a theoretical foundation in developmental psychology and learning theory. It promotes the cognitive and affective growth of all postsecondary learners, at all levels of the learning continuum" (NADE, n.d.). Academic advising has also been defined by NACADA as "a systematic process based on a close student-advisor relationship intended to aid students in achieving educational, career, and personal goals through the use of the full range of institutional and community resources" (Hendey, 1999). …


Objective To analyze the information of past six years,new-onset prostate cancer in the Ningxia and to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods 245 cases of new-onset prostate cancer enrolled from January 2005-November 2010 in Ningxia Medical University Hospital were reviewed.Results The overall median age was 72.8 years,median serum PSA at diagnosis was 31.9ng/mL.Clinical manifestations showed lower urinary tract symptoms 186 cases(75.9%),bone pain in 35 patients(14.3%) and hematuria in 32 cases(13.1%),digital rectal examination or a clear hard induration 155 cases(63.3%).167 cases were diagnosed by prostate needle biopsy including 26 cases of sporadic cancer and 67 cases of organized pathologic Gleason score.172 cases(70.2%) were diagnosed at advanced stage in prostate cancer in which distant metastasis 64 cases and bone metastasis 55 cases(22.4%).Of 245 patients,187 cases were performed endocrine therapy Bank,8 cases got radical prostatectomy,12 cases took bladder fistulization and the remaining 38 cases were transferred outside the hospital.Conclusion The majority of prostate cancer patients were diagnosed at advanced stage.Endocrine therapy was the main treatment and radical prostatectomy carried out less.Prostate cancer screening,clinical diagnosis and treatment need to be improved in Ningxia.


An experimental study has been made of the circulation of the superQuid component of liquid helium II around a fine wire. The method used was that of Vinen, in which the circulation is measured by means of the inhuence it has on the transverse vibrations of the wire. The present work extends Vinen's original work in several ways. Measurements were made over a range of temperatures from 1.2 to 1.9'K and a range of wire diameters from 25 to 100 p, . In addition, measurements of the direction of the apparent circulation were made as well as of the magnitude. The experiments have two principal results. The erst is that motion of the superQuid around the wire could persist for many hours after any motion of the containing vessel had stopped. However, this motion was not steady; smooth changes in apparent circulation could take place throughout an experimental run, changes which could include reversals in direction. The second principal result is that the apparent circulation tended to show markedly greater stability at the anticipated quantum levels than at other values. Long periods of stability were observed at the levels of 0, 1, 2, and 3 quantum units. An additional significant result is that as the wire diameter was increased the maximum value of metastable circulation observed also increased.


Inspired by the process of searching for targets by the human eyes, our proposed target candidate region generation method focuses on the color information of the target. Current mainstream target detection algorithms often incorporate an Region Proposal Network (RPN) component for finding out the possible locations and sizes of targets, which facilitates the training and optimization of the backbone network. The RPN network uses more convolutional layers, which makes it impossible to be applied in embedded platforms that require high real-time performance and does not take full advantage of the target's a priori information. In this paper, We convert the image from RGB color model to HSV model and reduce dimensionality to form a color set. After quantizing the color set, we can obtain the Q-HSV of the image by which to find out the possible locations of the target efficiently. With this method, we can find out the possible areas of the target using only one RGB template of the target, and it is not affected by target viewpoint changes, shape changes, etc. Our approach can significantly reduce the image data to be processed by recognition and detection algorithms by more than 80%.


This Scholarship of Teaching and Learning research project addresses the following question: Can writing be used to enhance and improve students' practice-based learning experiences in the culminating capstone course of a one-year professional master's degree program in mass communications and interactive media? This poster presentation will share the results of an ongoing investigation into the effects that writing assignments may have on the discipline-specific learning in a course that requires students to create a semester-long project focused on visual communication and interactive media technologies. To date, data has been collected from two sections of a graduate capstone course (COM 590: Interactive Media Capstone) over two years (2015 & 2016) of the Master of Arts in Interactive Media program at Elon University.


We present results on c+ production in 29-GeV e+e- annihilation. The c+ are observed via their semileptonic decays to e+X and +X. With radiative corrections, we find (e+e-c+X)Bc+eX)= 1.5±0.6±0.5 pb or 0.0038±0.0015±0.0012 c+e+X decay per hadronic event, and (e+e-c+X)B(c+X)= 1.4±1.4±0.4 pb or 0.0035±0.0035±0. 0011 c++X decay per hadronic event. These results can be used to place constraints on the predictions of various production models. © 1989 The American Physical Society.


We analyze the convergence rates of composite gradient methods for solving problems based on regularized M-estimators, working within a high-dimensional framework that allows the data dimension d to grow with (and possibly exceed) the sample size n. This high-dimensional structure precludes the usual global assumptions-namely, strong convexity and smoothness conditions-that underlie much of classical optimization analysis. We define appropriately restricted versions of these conditions, and show that they are satisfied with high probability for various statistical models. Under these conditions, our theory guarantees that composite gradient descent has a globally geometric rate of convergence up to the statistical precision of the model, meaning the typical distance between the true unknown parameter θ* and an optimal solution θ̂. This result is substantially sharper than previous results, which yielded sublinear convergence or linear convergence up to the noise level, and builds on our earlier work for constrained estimation problems. Our analysis applies to a wide range of M-estimators and statistical models, including sparse linear regression using Lasso (ℓ1-regularized regression); group Lasso for block sparsity; log-linear models with regularization; low-rank matrix recovery using nuclear norm regularization; and matrix decomposition. Overall, our analysis reveals interesting connections between statistical precision and computational efficiency in high-dimensional estimation.


With the rapid development of information and communication technology, the decision makers of firms are facing many kinds of IS/IT projects investment opportunities, so they need to provide their preferences over a set of decision alternatives in order to maximize investment value of the projects. Considering the special characteristics of IS/IT projects, this paper develops a two-stage investment game model between two competitive firms on IS/IT projects. This model integrates the ideas of real option theory, game theory, NPV and dynamic programming method. At first, the investment thresholds are derived to divide the areas of market demand. Then the fully characterized equilibrium strategies for both firms are proposed based on these areas. The research in this paper provides a new analytical framework on the investment decision-making for IS/IT projects.


What does research on nicotine and tobacco use have to offer that is relevant and possibly useful to an alcohol researcher? First and foremost, nicotine and tobacco research may provide some helpful insights into addiction processes and substance use treatment in general. Smoking can be seen as a model disorder, not only because of its prevalence and its importance as a public health problem, but because the consistency of smoking behavior and the frequency of dosing (nicotine has a short addictive cycle) allow human experimentation in the laboratory without compromising relevance.' Recent technological developments in the topographical analysis of smoking behavior and in the assay of nicotine in biological substrates have facilitated both laboratory and field research, and comprehensive biobehavioral explanations of smoking/nicotine dependence have been proposed.^ Increasingly sophisticated public health campaigns have produced a dramatic decrease in smoking, with the level of smoking in the United States down from over 60% of the adult population in the early 196O's to fewer than 30% in the late 198O's. Over the same time period, therapeutic innovations have resulted in improved treatment strategies, with sustained abstinence rates of up to 50% reported for pharmacological interventions such as nicotine replacement in combination with behavior-change procedures.' The twentieth


Polyethylenimine (PEI) was modified with ligands containing sulfur donors to give soluble polymers for binding toxic metal ions. Reaction of purified PEI with mercaptosuccinic anhydride, ethylene sulfide, or methylthiocyanate gave PEI-MSA (25% functionalization), PEI-ET (100% functionalization), and PEI-TU (25% functionalization), respectively. Purification of the polymers was accomplished by diafiltration. The capacities for toxic metal ions (Hg, Cd, and Pb) and transition metal ions (Cu and Ni) were measured for each of the polymers. PEI-ET and PEI-TU showed high affinity for the softer metal ions, Hg and Cd, with loading capacities substantially higher than those for the base polymer PEI. Both polymers had high capacities for Cu. Release of the metal ions from the polymers was accomplished by lowering pH; however, small amounts of metal remained bound to the polymers at pH 1. Competition studies showed that PEI-TU and PEI-ET bound Hg and Cu more strongly than Cd and Pb.


Because people are not in complete control of the physical and social environments they encounter in daily life, it is inevitable that discrepancies arise between what their identities, goals, and preferences lead them to expect or desire in specific situations and what transpires in those situations. People generally find such discrepancies at least mildly and temporarily unsettling, because they call into question their understanding of how the world works (or could work) or their understanding of their own goals, motives, or behavior. When these discrepancies arise, they generally are met with swift and decisive actions aimed at aligning expectations or desires and reality. These actions, collectively referred to as self-regulation, are the natural, often automatic response of healthy individuals to salient discrepancies between expectation and reality as they perceive it. They may involve cognition or behavior, and almost always are attended by affect. Effective self-regulation is the bedrock of healthy psychological functioning. People who routinely are successful at self-regulation benefit from a sense of psychological stability and personal control that allows them to manage their perceptions of themselves and how they are perceived by others. Their behavior typically reflects salient goals and adopted standards of behavior. Departures from these desired states are handled smoothly and effectively. People who routinely fail at self-regulation enjoy none of the psychological benefits that derive from a sense of psychological stability and control and struggle with mild to severe forms of psychopathology. Effective self-regulation, by which people control their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, is essential for adaptive functioning. The recognition that self-regulation is of central importance in adaptive functioning has inspired a large literature on the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of


The appearance of the problem of overseas nationality and relevant diplomatic negotiations during the late Qing Dynasty led to the publishing of the first nationality law in the history of China,which was a great action in the Qing government's overseas Chinese affairs.Meanwhile,the law had a profound effect on the history of law as well as diplomacy.However,its effect was very limited under such historical conditions,resulting in the problem of dual nationality of overseas Chinese.


The entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Steinernema australe was isolated from Isla Santa Magdalena in Chile and identified as a good alternative for controlling Aegorhinus superciliosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae. This weevil is native to the south of Chile and some regions in Argentina, causing the decline and ultimate death of plants in berry orchards. The major problem brought about by the weevil is caused by the larvae, which spend between nine and eleven months below ground, feeding inside the roots of the plants. This study seeks to increase S. australe's efficacy through an artificial selection process using an odor stimulus. We selected infective juveniles (IJs) that followed the stimulus in order to reach larvae at a depth of 30 cm to achieve this objective. Larvae infected with selected IJs and IJs from the original stock were compared under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. The results showed a 20% increase in the efficacy of selected IJs compared with IJs from the original stock. We observed a higher proportion of selected IJs that reached the larvae faster during the first four days post-application. Moreover, larvae treated with selected IJs were depleted, with a mix of nematode stages emerging from the cadaver. Finally, a potential trade-off with regard to the recycling of nematodes into the soil is proposed.


The article provides an updated overview of measures to support indigenous peoples in places of their traditional residence in Yamal. The results of a sociological survey of 10 communities and two (2) small unitary enterprises of the Nents and Khanty revealed basic problems of these indigenous peoples in such areas as education and the labor market in YNAA. A review of open communities in social networks also revealed a number of acute social and environmental issues that concern the indigenous population of the peninsula. The purpose of the study is to outline constructive measures for improving both situation and quality of life of indigenous people in Yamal and suggest recommendations focused on a long-term well-being of indigenous peoples in their traditional places of residence. Such experience would be useful for some other Arctic areas as well as for a wide range of readers of the Journal.


Water is often the primary factor limiting plant growth, and it is the primary agent for moving plant nutrients and pesticides to streams and groundwater. This study was conducted to assess the capabilities of recently developed multisensor capacitance probes and monitoring systems to measure the dynamics of soil water content under long-term field-scale conditions, and to quantify in real time the spatial variation of soil water content under plow-tillage (PT) and no-tillage (NT) corn (Zea mays L). Probes were placed at eight nontraffic interrow locations, with cable lengths ranging from 25 to 125 m, on a 0.5-ha field site. The capacitance sensors were centered at four soil depths and readings were taken every 10 min by the data-logging system. Real-time dynamics of soil water change following 82 mm of rainfall in the spring were used to identify the apparent water-holding capacity within the sensor depths (5–55 cm) under NT as 171 mm and 155 mm under PT. Rates of soil water loss with a full canopy of corn were 90% of high evapotranspiration (ET) demand. Breaking points were observed and calculated between high and low rates of soil water loss, under full canopy and high ET demand. Changes from high to low rates of soil water loss were more evident in PT plots (62% reduction) than in NT plots (46% reduction). At the end of three drying cycles during the growing season, there was an average of 37 mm more water (5–55-cm soil depth) under NT than PT. The multisensor capacitance probes proved to be highly sensitive and robust for field-scale, real-time, soil water research.


The reaction of 2-aminobenzamides with indoline-2,3-dione in ionic liquids, selectively gives 1',3'-dihydrospiro[indolin-2-one-3,2'-quinazolin]-4'-ones in the presence of 5 mol% iodine, while giving 2-(1-acetyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-ylamino) benzamide derivatives in the absence of iodine. Quinazolinones have great physiological significance and pharmaceutical uses.


Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a constituent of edible cruciferous vegetables, decreases viability of cancer cells by causing apoptosis but the mechanism of cell death is not fully understood. The present study was undertaken to determine the role of Bcl-2 family proteins in BITC-induced apoptosis using MDA-MB-231 (breast), MCF-7 (breast), and HCT-116 (colon) human cancer cells. The B-cell lymphoma 2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) protein was dispensable for proapoptotic response to BITC in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells as judged by RNA interference studies. Instead, the BITC-treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited upregulation of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) protein. The BITCmediated induction of PUMA was relatively more pronounced in MCF-7 cells due to the presence of wild-type p53 compared with MDA-MB-231 with mutant p53. The BITC-induced apoptosis was partially but significantly attenuated by RNA interference of PUMA in MCF-7 cells. The PUMA knockout variant of HCT-116 cells exhibited significant resistance towards BITC-induced apoptosis compared with wild-type HCT-116 cells. Attenuation of BITC-induced apoptosis in PUMA knockout HCT-116 cells was accompanied by enhanced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest due to induction of p21 and down regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 protein. The BITC treatment caused a decrease in protein levels of Bcl-xL (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells) and Bcl-2 (MCF-7 cells). Ectopic expression of Bcl-xL in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and that of Bcl2 in MCF-7 cells conferred protection against proapoptotic response to BITC. Interestingly, the BITC-treated MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited induction of Bcl-2 protein expression, and RNA interference of Bcl-2 in this cell line resulted in augmentation of BITC-induced apoptosis. The BITC-mediated inhibition of MDA-MB-231 xenograft growth in vivo was associated with the induction of PUMA protein in the tumor. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that Bim-independent apoptosis by BITC in cancer cells is mediated by PUMA. Citation: Antony ML, Kim S-H, Singh SV (2012) Critical Role of p53 Upregulated Modulator of Apoptosis in Benzyl Isothiocyanate-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death. PLoS ONE 7(2): e32267. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032267 Editor: Aamir Ahmad, Wayne State University School of Medicine, United States of America Received December 8, 2011; Accepted January 25, 2012; Published February 16, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Antony et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This investigation was supported by a research grant from the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health [RO1 CA129347-05 (SVS)]. This research project used the Tissue and Research Pathology Facility supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (P30 CA047904). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


An experiment utilizing 195 subjects investigated the behavoral influence of varying warning position, highlighting and imbeddedness on warning detection, recall and compliance. Subjects were given an unfamiliar consumer product to actually use, and direct behavioral observation and follow-up questions were utilized to measure the percentage of subjects who noticed, read and complied with the warning, plus the amount of information subjects could recall about the specific cause, nature and prevention of the danger. There was a steady decline in the number of subjects who first noticed, then read, and finally followed the warning across all measures. Imbedding information critical to warning compliance within the warning section was the only variable found to influence warning compliance. Imbedding the critical warning information significantly reducing warning compliance as compared to the beginning the warning section with the critical information (i.e., the unimbedded condition). Warnings were shown to be effective (47% when unimbedded). Clearly, however, consumer warnings could be improved further, by utilizing fail safe designs.


Effect of the silica filler with varied concentration of surface trimethylsilyl and silicon hydride groups on porosity and solvent resistance of divinylbenzene-styrene (DVB-St) and divinylbenzene-di(methacryloyloxymethyl)naphthalene (DVB-DMN) copolymers was studied by adsorption ofp-chloroaniline. Filling with silica was shown to increase considerably solvent resistance of DVB-St copolymer, and the filler surface chemistry was found to affect essentially its porosity. Introducing of modified silicas may both increase and decrease solvent resistance of DVB-DMN copolymer, and overall functionalization of filler surface with trimethylsilyl or trimethylsilyl (20%) and silicon hydride (80%) groups have maximum effect on porosity of this copolymer.


A derivation of the Gibbons-Hawking-York boundary term for modified gravity metric is presented. The GHY term is generalized for the case of f(R) modified gravity. It is shown that a stable set of field equations can be formed with aid of the new GHY term for the case of f(R) gravity action. It is proven that the new term demands no particular value of δga or ∂Lδga on the boundary. Finally, the surface terms are shown to vanish in the derivation of the new equations.


Instrumentation advances have recently allowed the isokinetic evaluation of muscle function for purposes of injury diagnosis, rehabilitation, and training prescription. This type of evaluation has been particularly useful for athletes in preparing for performance or returning to training following injury. Several athletic groups have already been characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the function of important muscle groups for the performance of ice hockey for both professional (National Hockey League) and elite amateur (Olympic) players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1981;3(2):42–47. doi:10.2519/jospt.19220.127.116.11


Abstract This work evaluated the effect of in natura, KOH or NaOH treated curaua fibers on thermal behavior and cure kinetics of a curaua fibers 20 wt.%/epoxy prepreg through TGA and DSC techniques. The prepreg cure kinetics was investigated by a non-isothermal isoconversional method and the variables related to the curing kinetics were obtained by dynamic conditions. According to the dynamic runs, the prepreg Tg and activation energy was higher for treated fibers than in natura. The characterization of these prepregs was necessary to define the final processing conditions and to evaluate the cure cycle used to manufacture polymeric composite components.


This work describes a new technology to calculate the magnetic field emission of a High Frequency Series Resonant Inverter in a domestic induction heater by means of computational simulations. The calculation is performed assuming normal operation conditions required to measure the magnetic field by means of a triple loop antenna. This triple loop antenna, also known as a van Veen & Bergervoet antenna, is generally employed to test compliance with emission regulations in the frequency range of band A and band B i.e. 5-55 kHz.


In this paper, we will present the design and implementation of mobile service applications of SuccessIntelligence (m-KK) with Interactive Multimedia Approach. The method used in the applicationdevelopment approach is a combination of interactive multimedia and educational psychology. When thesoftware development, we consider several aspects e.g: interfaces, interactivity, ease of use, and standalone software running on mobile phones and multimedia-based. Furthermore, to test the effectiveness ofthis software is used qualitative procedures (questionnaire and the interview). There are four multimediacomponents used in this application is text, graphics, audio / sound, and animation. Applications aredivided into five sections: General Instructions, the Story of People Success, Success Tips, IntelligencetTest Success and Closing. Determining the type of success through the application of intelligence is doneby answering the questions - questions put by the system with a choice of three answers are NEUTRAL,YES and NO. This application is intended for students of Junior High School (SMP). The application isbuilt using the Macromedia Flash CS4 Professional and Adobe Flash Lite 3.0 software. This applicationhas been tested with Nokia N70 emulator, Handset Nokia N 73 Music Edition and Symbian OS.


Vision-based algorithms for locating lane boundaries without a prior model of the road being viewed need to be able to operate robustly under a wide variety of conditions, including cases where there are large amounts of clutter in the image. This clutter can be due to shadows, puddles, oil stains, tire skid marks, etc. This poses a challenge for edge-based lane detection schemes, as it is often impossible to select a gradient magnitude threshold which doesn't either remove edges of interest corresponding to road markings and edges or include edges corresponding to irrelevant clutter. The approach taken in this work is to use a deformable template model of lane structure to locate lane boundaries without thresholding the intensity gradient information. The Metropolis algorithm is used to maximize a function which evaluates how well the image gradient data supports a given set of template deformation parameters. The result, the LOIS lane detection algorithm (likelihood of image shape), is able to detect lane markings in situations with strong mottled shadows and broken or interrupted lane markings which would pose problems for algorithms which use local, thresholded edge information.


Summarizes some of the important concepts and developments in cybernetics and general systems theory, especially during the last two decades. Shows how they can indeed be a challenge to sociological thinking. Cybernetics is used here as an umbrella term for a great variety of related disciplines: general systems theory, information theory, system dynamics, dynamic systems theory, including catastrophe theory, chaos theory. Also considers the emerging "science of complexity", which includes neural networks, artificial intelligence and artificial life, and discusses the methodological drawbacks of second‐order cybernetics.


 The main sources of plutonium in the environment are releases from research facilities, atmospheric nuclear weapons testing, waste disposal, nuclear weapons production facilities, and accidents.  Atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, which ended in 1980, is the source of most of the plutonium in the environment worldwide.  Humans may be exposed to plutonium by breathing air, drinking water, or eating food containing plutonium; however, the levels of plutonium in air, water, soil, and Toxicokinetics  The absorption of inhaled plutonium from the lung is slow and follows a two-phase model, with respective half-times of months and years. The portion that absorbs more quickly increases with chemical solubility and is greater for 238 Pu than 239 Pu compounds due to radiolytic fragmentation of high specific activity particles. Plutonium is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or intact skin, but a fraction is readily absorbed from skin wounds. Air  In general, plutonium concentrations in air are low. Baseline 239 Pu concentrations in air ranging from 1.6x10-6 to 3.8x10-6 pCi/m 3 have been reported on locations close to facilities known to release plutonium. Sediment and Soil  Average plutonium levels in surface soil from fallout range from about 0.01 to 0.1 pCi/g. Water


The effect of Allium hookeri extracts on the melanogenesis in mouse melanoma B16F10 was studied asa raw material of functional cosmetics. Allium hookeri has been associated with the traditional recipes ofmeiteis and also with the ethnotherapy of certain diseases by local herlers since the time immem...


Orthodontic treatment could influence alveolar bone height. The longer the treatment, the more effect it will be. The purpose of this study was determined the differences in alveolar bone height at the canine, second bicuspid, mandibular first molar in the case of mandibular premolar extraction with different treatment duration. This study is a retrospective – comparative analytic study, involving 17 samples which have finished orthodontic treatment at FKG Unpad PPDGS orthodontic clinic. The alveolar bone height was determined from panoramic x-rays obtained by measuring the ratio of alveolar crest and the cemento enamel junction to the tooth cusp (Bjorn method). The results of the study were then analyzed using t-student test with Pvalue=0.05, showed a significant correlation in alveolar bone height reduction. In the group less than 2-years treatment, there was a reduction in alveolar bone height only at the mesial side of tooth 35 while there was a significant reduction at the distal canine, the mesial-distal second bicuspid and the mesial-distal side of the mandibular first molar in a group more than 2 years-treatment. This study concluded that there was a significant influence on the duration of treatment and alveolar bone height reduction in the group more than 2-years treatment.


Abstract A numerical study on the response of a two-dimensional bluff body wake subjected to harmonic forcing imposed by two rear pitching flaps is performed. The wake is generated by a rectangle at a height-based Reynolds number $Re=100$, characterised by laminar vortex shedding. Two forcing strategies are examined corresponding to in-phase 'snaking' and out-of-phase 'clapping.' The effects of the bluff body aspect ratio ($AR=1,2,4$), flapping frequency, flapping amplitude, flap length and Reynolds number are investigated. For the snaking motion, a strong fundamental resonance of the root mean square (r.m.s.) drag is observed when the wake is forced near the vortex shedding frequency. For the clapping motion, a weak subharmonic resonance is observed when the forcing is applied near twice the vortex shedding frequency resulting in an increase of the lift r.m.s. whereas the drag r.m.s. remains unaffected. Both resonances intensify the vortex shedding and a concomitant mean drag increase is observed for the snaking motion. Forcing away from the resonant regimes, both motions result in considerable drag reduction through wake symmetrisation and propulsion mechanisms. The formation of two vortex dipoles per oscillation period due to the flapping motion, which weaken the natural vortex shedding, has been identified as the main symmetrisation mechanism. A single scaling parameter is proposed to collapse the mean drag reduction of the forced flow for both motions over a wide range of flapping frequencies, amplitudes and flap lengths. Finally, the assessment of the performance of the forcing strategies has revealed that clapping is more effective than snaking.


In this article, the influence of relatively long hygrothermal ageing on long glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6 (LGF/PA6) composites filled with sepiolite (Sep) are analyzed. The composites with different weight fractions of Sep are exposed in a hygrothermal environment of 80 °C and RH 95% for 0–20 days. The mechanical properties with different ageing time show a decrease in tensile strength and an increase in impact strength. The scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) photos of the impact fracture indicate better adhesion of the interface between the glass fibre and polymer matrix in the composites filled with Sep after the ageing process. Then the thermal stability and degradation kinetics of the composites with different filler fractions and ageing times are studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) with the methods of Kissinger, Friedman and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa in dynamic measurements. Calculated apparent activation energy (E) by the three methods shows that the composites without Sep have an obvious decrease in the value of E after ageing, however, the E values of the composites filled with Sep have a slight increase.


Abstract This paper deals with the following degenerate and singular equation \begin{eqnarray*} x^qu_t-\left(x^pu_x\right)_x=\int_0^au^m(x,t)dx-ku^n(x,t) \end{eqnarray*} with non-local source and absorption. The existence of a unique classical non-negative solution is established and the sufficient conditions for the solution that exists globally or blows up in finite time are obtained.


We develop a supergame model of collusion between price-setting oligopolists when the trade between countries involves per-unit trade cost and FDI requires a fixed cost of setting up a subsidiary in a foreign country. We demonstrate that cross hauling of FDI may facilitate collusion based on territorial allocation of markets. Whenever FDI is not helpful for sustaining collusion, the collusive arrangement involves no FDI at all. With asymmetric number of home firms or with different sizes of the markets, FDI may facilitate international collusion at lower levels of trade costs and thus our analysis also throws some light on the empirical puzzle regarding the trade liberalisation and FDI flows observed since the 1990s.


In this article I analyze Mandelstam's autobiography The Noise of Time in order to reassess the accepted narrative in contemporary criticism of Mandelstam's rejection of the personal element in the twenties and then return to it in the thirties. It is an accepted practice to read The Noise of Time as a text in which Mandelstam puts forth his affiliation with the impersonal and which also forms the unspoken promise of his return to the personal in the thirties. The autobiography is interpreted as a statement of Mandelstam's disaffiliation with the marginalized Jewish culture of his family as he strove to fully assimilate into the political and literary culture of post-revolutionary Russia. Reading The Noise of Time as a text in which affiliation with Russian culture has to be chosen over that of the personal and the family, where the former is seen as the desirable center and the latter as an unwanted periphery, sets the stage for the argument that in the thirties Mandelstam overcame the incompatibility of the two realms, as his attitude toward his Jewish roots was, if not reversed, then certainly reexamined. The goal of this essay is to reassess the narrative of Mandelstam's turning away from and the subsequent embrace of the personal by questioning the initial part of the dialectic–the rejection of the personal. I argue that in The Noise of Time, Mandelstam–against his own declarations of enmity towards the personal–examines his relationship with the family to use it as a template for literary practice. In the text of the autobiography, the "family" becomes not only a metaphor for literature, but also an allegory for literary activity. Through a series of allegorical substitutions Mandelstam gradually transports his vision of the family and its complicated dynamics onto literature and culture. Thus, I also argue that the family principle supersedes the Jewish one–ultimately, it is the family ethos, elaborated in The Noise of Time, which provides Mandelstam with a framework in which personal ethics does not stand in opposition to civic responsibility. In this sense, The Noise of Time can be seen as a procedure in which the dichotomies of "personal" and "cultural" are successfully "grafted" onto each other: literature adopts the dynamic (Oedipal) tension of the family; it also offers Mandelstam a space in which such tension–overwhelming within the space of the family proper–provides parameters for responsibility and accountability. Thus, I propose to see The Noise of Time as a text in which Mandelstam lays the ground for the strategies of artistic self-representation in the thirties. Published in 1925, the year in which Mandelstam's poetic output ceased for the next five years, The Noise of Time is a text in which the poet goes back into his own past to articulate the possibility of a union between the personal and the historical, where the tension between the two forms the ethical nature of their relationship. As such, it stands alongside The Fourth Prose and the poetry of the thirties. In the article I first examine how Mandelstam utilizes the concept of the family to define the function of literature in one of his major article of the twenties, "On the Nature of the Word." I proceed with a detailed analysis of The Noise of Time in order to elucidate the narrative and rhetorical strategies used by Mandelstam to allegorize the family dynamics in order to explore and formulate his personal relationship with Russian literature and culture.


This paper offers examples of concrete numerical applications of Bayesian quantum-state-assignment methods to a three-level quantum system. The statistical operator assigned on the evidence of vari ...


Control Chart Patterns (CCPs) recognition is one the most important concepts in control chart application. Relating the patterns exhibited on the control chart to assignable causes is an ambiguous and vague task especially when multiple patterns co-exist. In this study, a fuzzy rule-based system is developed for X ̅ control charts to prioritize the control chart causes based on the accumulated evidence. To demonstrate the reasonable performance of the proposed fuzzy rule-based system, the case studies are performed and the results are analyzed. Received: 21 October 2020 Accepted: 18 December 2020


Continental philosophers of religion and the theologians who engage with them have recently began to blur the lines between the disciplines of philosophy and theology. This is particularly true after the so-called "theological turn" in phenomenology. I argue for an appreciation of their approaches but will also express that these explorations must remain interdisciplinary. Far too often philosophers and theologians alike appropriate freely within their interdisciplinary research with little regard for the presuppositions and methodologies latent within their appropriations. This article will demonstrate these appropriations through an exploration of Merold Westphal and Richard Kearney's use of hermeneutical phenomenology, and will claim that their use of this methodology falls upon two distinct discourses, a theological one for Westphal and a philosophical one for Kearney. The upshot of this exploration is an argument for a renewal of methodological restraint when appropriating from other disciplines and a respect for the difference between academic disciplines.


It was the purpose of this study to determine the the relationship of I. Q., academic achievement, and learning efficiency to report card grades in a dis trict which had adopted an "individualized" type of marking program in the elementary schools. More specifically, this investigation sought to ascertain the relationships of I.Q.,achievement as measured by a standardized test, and learning efficiency to course success or failure in the fourth and sixth grades.


The objective of the present study was to evaluate the skeletal muscle relaxant activity of methanolic extract of the leaves of Parthenium hysterophorus L (MEPH) using Rota-Rod method and traction test . MEPH was administered orally at dose of 3mg/kg and 6 mg/kg p.o to Swiss A lbino mice. The methanolic extract significantly re duces the fall off time (motor coordination), and highly significa nt (**P<0.01) at 30 min of duration. It also shows significant muscle relaxant effect in traction test. Thus, the result suggested that the MEPH possess skeletal mu scle relaxantactivity may be due to presence of differen t chemical compounds present in the extract.


Several kinds of absorbents, which were used for the determination of chlorine in the air by the pyridine·pyrazolone method, were investigated. Among p-toluenesulfonamide, sulfamic acid, 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin, isocyanuric acid and succinimide, only p-toluenesulfonamide was useful for the absorbent ; the others were useless because of a consumption of chlorine, a slow formation velocity of cyanogen chloride or an instability of chlorine. Furthermore, most of commercial potassium cyanides, which were also used for the determination method, were found to contain a reducing impurity. The impurity was a sulfite ion, and its content ranged from 100μg to 1400μg per 1 g of each potassium cyanide tested.


Objective:This study explores the feasibility of using the COI barcode sequence in identification of the Margaritifera concha and its adulterants.Methods:Intra-and inter-specific genetic distances of Margaritifera concha and its adulterants have been analyzed by MEGA 4.0 software using COI sequences and the NJ tree has been constructed.Results:Margaritifera concha exhibited low intra-specific sequence variation and the inter-specific sequence have high variation between Margaritifera concha and its adulterants.The inter-specific genetic distances were obviously higher than the intra-specific ones.The sample of Margaritifera concha clustered together and can separated from its adulterants in the dendrogram constructed.Conclusion:As a DNA barcode,COI sequence can identify the Margaritifera concha with its adulterants.


Wave front engineering realized through metasurface synthesis has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Acoustic metasurfaces in deep subwavelength scale have promising potentials in applications such as acoustic focal lenses and acoustic cloaking. Most existing devices, however, lack the tunability in real time. In this paper, an adaptive acoustic metasurface taking advantage of the two-way electro-mechanical coupling of piezoelectric transducers is developed, which enables the manipulation of acoustic waves adaptively. The proposed metasurface consists of units constructed from membranes with back air cavities, wherein the membrane strength is controlled by piezoelectric transducer. With membrane strengths tailored in a tunable manner, an accurate phase profile along the acoustic metasurfaces can be designed, yielding acoustic metasurfaces to steer reflected acoustic waves online without modification of the underlying physical structures. We demonstrate that the adaptive acoustic metasurfaces can successfully achieve abnormal reflections, planar focal lenses and self-accelerating beams. The acoustic cloaking realized by our adaptive acoustic metasurfaces is also illustrated to further manifest the design versatility.


ABSTRACT Many writers and artists have been interested in the aesthetic beauty and the language of maps. Katherine Harman, author of You Are Here: Personal Geographies and Maps of the Imagination, argues that 'part of what fascinates us when looking at a map is inhabiting the mind of its maker, considering that particular terrain of imagination overlaid with those unique contour lines of experience' [Harman, Katherine. 2004. You Are Here: Personal Geographies and Other Maps of the Imagination. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 11]. This suggests a palimpsestic relationship that I too want to explore: between the personal experience that one gains from a particular place and the way that this experience, in turn, makes one read a place differently, more idiosyncratically, thus coming to influence one's sense of identity. This palimpsestic relationship – juxtaposing the process of cartography with creative writing – forms one part of this article's focus. But it is linked to a second concern, which relates especially to coastal regions, where there is forever a tussle between sea and land over sovereignty. It struck me that prose poetry captures a similar tension between the prosaic and the poetic. The palimpsestic and littoral qualities of prose poetry thus provide the twin foci of this article, which explores these attributes in relation to the sense of place in the north of England.


Technologies for low energy consuming buildings are not developed enough to correspond to international standard. Technological development for heating and cooling load reduction is in progress among related industries of wall insulation and window systems, whereas individual technologies are not well utilized for lack of economical feasibility and reliability. Most domestic buildings are not competitive for heating and cooling load reduction because of their internal insulation system. In particular, internal insulation system cause increase of cooling load for insufficient utilization of external wall as thermal mass. Several tris to develop PCM, super insulation materials and high performance glazing were not productive, thus at the moment these technologies dependant on developed countries. This study focuses on EPI to compare the status of technologies for office buildings to achieve high energy efficiency.


The study examines the long run and causal relationship between both stock market development and economic growth in Nigeria using annual data from 1980-2010. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Cointegration technique of analysis were employed to analyze the data and draw policy inferences. The study found that stock market development as well as banking activity was cointegrated with economic growth in Nigeria. That is, there is a long run relationship among these variables in Nigeria. The result from VECM showed that economic growth granger causes both stock market development and banking activity in Nigeria. The study therefore, strongly recommends that policy makers should lay emphasis on the economic growth through the appropriate regulatory and macroeconomic policies to remove all constraints to the acceleration of the sustainability of economic growth and development in Nigeria.


The established order that arranged the female convents dependence and subordination regarding male ecclesiastical hierarchies, constituted the regulated institutional framework for these communities, but it did not monopolize the living world, nor the one lived by them. This is the idea we uphold, and it comes up from an investigation that raises other interpretative perspectives and from an approach that looks at them —the nuns—, in their considerations and in their actions. On this institutional and normative reality, religious women worked and also struggled to claim and defend their levels of autonomy and maintained their competence, suitability and sufficient capacity for government and leadership of their communities, based on their experience, knowledge and learning, much closer of the reality of their own religious communities. This conviction they had was part of a feminine political action that was sustained and deployed in a variety of ways and moments. This paper aims to show and analyse some of the dimensions in which this feminine intervention, that was oriented to the autonomy in the government and in the management of their convents and monasteries, was developed. One of the most relevant expressions were what we consider "government writings" composed by them.


Thirty years ago, few of us could have envisioned today's practice of aesthetic medicine. Led by botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA), innovation in facial injectables has revolutionized our practices. New technologies are poised to further expand aesthetic treatment opportunities in the near future. To fuel continued progress, regulatory bodies must accurately reflect the knowledge and best practices shaped from the research and experience of the past 3 decades. Aesthetic medicine is unique; clinical success is inextricably linked to patient perception and preference. Whereas eradication of acne lesions or squamous cell carcinomas is easily quantified in medical dermatology, optimal outcomes in aesthetic medicine are not as objectively defined. Early usage of aesthetic BoNTA focused on immobilizing the muscles responsible for hyperdynamic lines. This approach dramatically reduced targeted lines yet precipitated a host of poor aesthetic outcomes, most notably the compromise of facial expressiveness. Contemporary aesthetic treatment approaches are more refined, and our dosing recommendations have trended downward to retain a balanced, natural look while diminishing unwanted lines. In August 2014, The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued the draft guidance Upper Facial Lines: Developing Botulinum Toxin Drug Products.1 Although we applaud this document as a good initial step in establishing high standards for aesthetic BoNTA development, aspects of the guidance highlight fundamental misunderstandings of best practices in aesthetic medicine. Specifically, the Efficacy Endpoints section states, in part: • "Measurements at maximum contraction should be used to assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin drug products to demonstrate the paralytic effect. . . "1(p7) • "Success should be defined as . . . a two-grade improvement from the baseline, on both the IA [investigator's assessment] and the SSA [subject's self-assessment] scales concurrently, to ensure clinical significance."1(p8) Taken at face value, these measures may seem to be clear-cut methods of evaluating efficacy. In reality, these requirements can foster an approach that increases the risk for overtreatment and poorly reflects contemporary aesthetic practice. The guidance seems to presume that all muscle action associated with facial lines is undesirable. Yet, although muscular contraction creates lines that patients want diminished, it also enables the facial expressions they wish to keep. Facial appearance and emotive ability have important social implications and lay the foundation for social judgments about age and personality characteristics.2 Each facial feature uniquely contributes to the whole, and no single treatment or assessment approach should be applied universally.


Since its advent, the resource constrained project scheduling problem has been a favorite NP-Hard problem studied by many researchers. In this paper, we examine this problem with a focus on the total project time minimization, usually known as the makespan minimization. To this end, a nature-inspired Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) has been introduced that works by simulating the brooding parasitism of some cuckoo birds in nature. In a nutshell, the proposed cuckoo search algorithm has two main capabilities including: a) a global random search using Levy flights, and b) a local random refinement strategy. In addition, a double justification method has been employed to improve the generated solutions. Simultaneous use of these features can maximize the efficiency of resource searches in uncertain environments. Experimental results on the standard J30, J60, and J120 test sets from the PSPLIB are also presented, showing that the CSA has satisfying results compared with the other well-reported algorithms.


In Peer Data Management Systems (PDMS), each peer is an autonomous source that makes available a local schema. Information exchange occurs through the establishment of schema mappings between local schemas. To help matters, ontologies have been considered as uniform representation of local schemas (i.e., peer ontologies). Consequently, ontology matching techniques have been used to determine schema mappings between peer ontologies. This work presents SemMatcher, a tool for matching ontology-based schemas. SemMatcher allows the identification of semantic correspondences between two peer ontologies using a domain ontology as background knowledge. Also, the tool determines a global similarity measure between the matching ontologies that can be used for peer clustering.


SUMMARY The Author studied a collection of Carabidae from Somalia in the Museo Zoologico of the University of Florence. A new species, Callidiola somalica, is described, 22 other species are recorded for the first time from Somalia and extensions of known ranges are given for many other species.


.................................................................................................iii GENERAL INTRODUCTION..............................................................................1 CHAPTER 1. SYNTHESIS OF SMALL MOLECULES FOR RNA IMAGING Introduction...........................................................................................3 Results and Discussion..............................................................................5 Conclusion...........................................................................................21 Experimental.........................................................................................22 References............................................................................................44 CHAPTER 2. RAPID ASSEMBLY OF THE PROCYANIDIN A-SKELETON Introduction...........................................................................................47 Results and Discussion.............................................................................51 Conclusion...........................................................................................57 Experimental.........................................................................................58 References............................................................................................67 CHAPTER 3. SYNTHETIC ANTHOCYANIDINS FROM NATURAL BENZOPYRANS Introduction..........................................................................................70 Results and Discussion.............................................................................73 Conclusion...........................................................................................76 Experimental.........................................................................................77 References............................................................................................82 GENERAL CONCLUSION................................................................................84 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................86


Whilst osmoregulation in the adult teleost fish has been extensively studied and significant advances have been made in recent years, much less information exists regarding osmoregulation during the early stages of development of teleosts. Adult fish maintain their blood osmolality in a narrow physiological range, i.e., ≈ 280–360 mOsm kg–1, through the combined osmoregulatory capabilities of several sites i.e., branchial chambers, skin, digestive system and urinary organs. However, embryonic and post-embryonic stages maintain their blood osmolality in a less narrow range of ≈ 240–540 mOsm kg–1 and osmoregulatory capacity is restricted to the cutaneous ionocytes located on the tegument with a transference in osmoregulatory function occurring during the early life stages to the developing digestive tract, the urinary organs and the developing branchial tissues and the ionocytes which they support. This review will discuss the development of osmoregulatory capacity that occurs throughout early life stages of teleosts and its role in conserving physiological homeostasis, focusing on the form and function of related mechanisms, i.e., the ionoregulatory cell or ionocyte, outlining the different roles and functions of different ionocyte types relative to their environment, i.e., freshwater or seawater, their plasticity and discuss spatio-temporal changes in ionocyte distribution that occur during ontogeny.


Social relationships have become an increasingly important area of historical research. The very precise (perhaps, in the context of historical data, too rigorous) manipulation performed by exponents of formal SocialNetworkAnalysis, who nowmainlycomprise sociologists, has not been received into the historian's methodology. Two ofthe possible reasons maybe that: there is a strongbeliefthathistorical data are both too complex and too incomplete to support such manipulation; and there has not been easily available and user-friendlysoftware. The most recent release of Ucinet is reviewed here to assess how far it might address the latter problem.


The group-IV semiconductor alloy Ge1−x−ySixSny has recently attracted great interest due to its prospective potential for use in optoelectronics, electronics, and photovoltaics. Here, we investigate molecular beam epitaxy grown Ge1−x−ySixSny alloys lattice-matched to Ge with large Si and Sn concentrations of up to 42% and 10%, respectively. The samples were characterized in detail by Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectroscopy for composition and crystal quality, x-ray diffraction for strain determination, and photoluminescence spectroscopy for the assessment of band-gap energies. Moreover, the experimentally extracted material parameters were used to determine the SiSn bowing and to make predictions about the optical transition energy.


Recent years, with the development of medical conditions, adopting the principles from human factors engineering has become a new requirement in medical field. It can improve human performance with medical devices, reduce the potential for error and consequently improve patient safety. Furthermore, the importance of human-machine operation becomes increasingly visible in a clinical environment. As a typical representative of controller, the remote control of operating bed is widely applied to the medical operation. Therefore, the remote control similarly puts more and more emphasis on the user experience and humanized design. This is conducive not only to adjusting the patient's positioning for a surgical procedure efficiently, but also to reducing operating difficulties and raising user's satisfaction. This article takes an in depth look at the application characteristics of remote control and analyses the key pain points in medical operation combined human-machine engineering methods. Ultimately, the paper provides a well-defined framework of guidelines and principles for designing remote control of medical bed.


This paper studies the modelling of a class of nonlinear plants with known structures but unknown parameters and proposes a general nonlinear U-model expression. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to identify the time-varying parameters of the nonlinear U-model online, which solves the identification problem of the nonlinear U-model system. Newton iterative algorithm is used for nonlinear model transformation. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used as the learning algorithm of radial basis function (RBF) neural network to solve the interference problem in a nonlinear system. After determining the number of network nodes in the neural network, EKF can simultaneously determine the network threshold and weight matrix, use the online learning ability of the neural network, adjust the network parameters, make the system output track the ideal output, and improve the convergence speed and anti-noise capability of the system. Finally, simulation examples are used to verify the identification effect of the particle swarm identification algorithm based on the U-model and the effectiveness of the extended Kalman filtering neural network control system based on particle swarm identification.