The multiple choice test of the usual type is frequently used to measure understanding. When this type of test is so used, it is tacitly as sumed that, accidental success or failure barred, (1) a subject who selects the right alternative understands, and (2) one who selects an incorrect alternative or (3) one who omits an item altogether does not understand. Test users have no doubt many times questioned the validity of these as sumptions but apparently little effort has been made to study it experi mentally. The data of the present study relate to the validity of the third assumption, namely, the assumption that a subject who intentionally omits an item in the usual type multiple choice test does not understand. The specific purpose of the study is to show how the scores derived from the usual type of multiple choice test for measuring understanding of terms may be affected by the intentional omission of items on the part of children who have correct meanings for the terms omitted. Approximately 400 subjects, pupils in Grades IV, V, VI, and VII in the public schools of Greenwood, South Carolina, were tested on the mean ings of 135 geographic terms, 60 of which were common to the material studied by each of the four grades. The multiple choice test employed was unusual in that the children were given space in which to define terms when they did not recognize correct meanings among the alternatives offered. In order to prevent the subjects from assuming that one of the given alternatives must be correct, for ten of the 60 terms none of the alterna tives was correct. The subjects were warned that items of this kind had been included in the test, and one of the sample items in the pretest was of this type. The subjects were cautioned also not to supply an original definition of a term unless they felt sure that none of the meanings which were given was right. For the purpose of studying the results from children at different levels of geographic attainment each grade was divided according to the 326


Test reflective brightness, on the market, infant and children's books, primary and secondary school textbooks, reference books and reading materials, under the 5 watt yellow bold table lamp respectively with the grating and without the granting, and the ordinary 20 watt yellow bulb table lamp. Proposed to improve the manufacturing process of recycled printing paper in China, do not add fluorescent powder, infant and children's books had better not use halftone paper, and two-colored printing had better not use celadon two-colored printing. Introduction In order to implement the "CPC Central Committee on Strengthening Youth Sports to Enhance Youth Physical", Beijing held middle school student and primary school student "national physical health standard" testing contest each year since 2007, the results showed: the students' eyesight is overall downward tread. Beijing according to the Ministry of Education "Middle School Student and Primary School Student Myopia Prevention and Control Program", the Beijing Middle School Student and Primary School Student Vision Monitoring System was introduced in 2008. The system made clear provisions to adjust the sitting position, seat adjustment, controlling classroom lighting, reducing the academic burden of protecting the eyesight of students. Each district and county actually implement these provisions, especially the classroom lighting hardware conditions are at or near the national lighting requirements. So in 2010, the fourth testing results showed that: the overall eyesight of students is still downward, only the rate of reduced vision loss has been checked. [1] From the above results, we can see that there are some scant attention factors affect the eyesight of students, that is the students' textbook paper in the light reflective rate relatively high, and it harmful to the student vision. Because, the light reflection can be divided the three kinds: specular reflection, directed diffusion reflection and diffuse reflection. Specular reflection when the light shines bright and smooth surface, the light reflection angle equals the light incidence angle. This centralized nature of the reflected light is likely to cause particularly dazzling light. The directed diffusion reflection also known as semi-specular reflection, the light reflection diffusion is in one direction, and this light will form a visual disturbance. Both reflected lights can easily form a glare indirect and impact the human vision. Diffuse reflection is when the light fell on objects, the reflected light does not directional, showing space divergent pattern, and its effect is very soft. Only control illumination, it will not form harmful glare to vision. [2] The Generation of Reflected Glare and Its Harm to Vision According Students' Supplies Safety General Requirement issued by the state, the students' textbook, books brightness (whiteness) shall not be more than 85%; generally speaking, it cannot be too white, but there is no mandatory whiteness provisions issued by the state for children's reading materials. With the development of printing technology and paper making technology, as well as the improvement of people's living standard in recent years, students and infants and young children books usually use a letterpress paper, newsprint, offset printing paper, coated paper, dictionary paper etc.; its whiteness and smoothness is increasing; in natural light and artificial light; it is easy to form directional diffuse reflection, there will be uncomfortable visual sense of students for a long time reading. Controlling glare lighting standard have been taken seriously, but are concerned about the direct glare control, while ignoring the indirect glare. The paper with high reflective rate in the ordinary lump and other lighting devices usually there will show a brighter white area, the readers read only by continuously adjusting the angle to see the printed word in the paper. This high reflective rate paper, not only to bring a lot of troubles to readers, but also reduce the reading speed, more importantly, this high reflective rate paper will make readers eye fatigue after long-time reading. Long-time reading will bring readers dry eye, eye strain, eye astringent, eye soreness, blurred vision and even vision loss and other symptoms caused by eye fatigue. These symptoms directly affect the work and life of the people. Especially for adolescents and pre-school children, to read books printed in high reflective rate paper, will affect the growth of vision.


Current mapping techiques used by TOXMAP Environmental Health e-Maps regarding Superfund sites are little more than static points points on a thematic map. While this method is useful for navigational purposes, the ability to overlay corresponding data such as cancer rates or childhood asthma is limited, as this data is often presented in other formats. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Cancer Prevention and Controls is promoting the use of choropleth mapping as the defacto standard for planning and evaluation of cancer rate research and cancer control programs. One of the primary concerns related to EPA Superfund Sites is the health effects of toxic releases. We are presenting a three part choropleth visualization to correspond with the current datasets,spatial analysis and spatial statistic techniques endorsed by the CDC.


chronic musculoskeletal injuries in the workplace is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the chronic musculoskeletal injuries in the workplace is universally compatible with any devices to read.


—Next generation Internet comes with the responsibility to offer good support to maintain Quality of Service (QoS) to users that want to pay more to have better services. New management mechanisms are created to issue the sensibly augmented complexity of differentiated services. Multimedia applications are one of the main goals of this new infrastructure. This paper proposes a more flexible way to install and apply management mechanisms. This flexibility comes from a programmable management plane as structural component of protocol stack. With the capability to self-configure management actions, according to traffic situations, and with the possibility to build and install new mechanisms to help new services, an active and programmable network management can offer customized support to user applications. As a case study, we show a scheme where core nodes in a network deal with various management mechanisms, such as selective discard, feedback to source and priority queuing to achieve multimedia jitter-sensible transport.


This paper considers a class of Levy process namely the variance gamma (VG) process to offer a more realistic way to model the dynamics of the logarithm of stock prices. Then, we verify the uniquen...


This study focuses on milling under sustainable cutting conditions of ST52 steel, frequently used in the manufacturing industry. ST52 steel is a good candidate as a workpiece because it is inexpensive and readily available. To achieve sustainable conditions, the cutting zone minimum quantity lubrication technology was used during processing. The experiments used three cutting speeds (120-180-240 m min-1), three feed rates (0.12-0.18-0.24 mm rev-1), and a constant depth of cut (0.5 mm). Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was used to reduce repetitions. The response parameters are surface roughness, flank wear, and cutting temperature. As a result, when compared to the dry environment, the minimum quantity lubrication environment improved surface roughness by approximately 62.37%, flank wear by approximately 9.95%, and cutting temperature by approximately 13.82%. In addition, the most effective control factors on response parameters were determined by statistical analysis.


Understanding the 13C and 15N enrichments between primate diet and hair is necessary for reconstructing primate diets and ecology. However, dietary lipids need to be controlled for in order to accurately estimate the hair 13C and 15N enrichment factors (ϵ*). We report diet-hair 13C and 15N enrichment factors for vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) based on a controlled diet study in captivity. The vervet monkeys were fed a standard monkey chow exclusively. The 13Cϵ*hair-diet and 15Nϵ*hair-diet values for male adults were 2.8‰ and 2.9‰, respectively; those for lactating females were 2.4‰ and 2.2‰, respectively. The isotope enrichment between hair from infant (ca. 3 months of age) and hair from its mother were 13Cϵ*hair(infant-mother) and 15Nϵ* and 15Nϵ* hair(infant-mother) were 0.7‰ and 1.8‰, respectively.


The invention relates to a robot stacking system and a robot with the same; the system comprises the robot, a stacking bench, a shaping workbench and a conveyer belt connected with the shaping workbench; the robot is arranged by the shaping workbench and can transport objects which are shaped by the shaping workbench to effective working positions for stacking on the stacking bench. By adopting the stacking system comprising the robot, the stacking bench, the shaping workbench and the conveyer belt connected with the shaping workbench, the invention not only has simple structure and is safe and practical, but also has high production efficiency and small occupied space, works automatically with changes, so as to facilitate the reduction of labor intensity, the reduction of labor force and the saving of production cost. The invention also has the advantages of compact structure, reasonable placement, good linkage, convenient assembly and the like.


The NO_x release characteristics of huangtai(HT) and laicheng(LC) coal were respectively investigated under different atmospheres on a self-designed experimental apparatus.Results show that,under the reducing atmosphere mixed with CO,the NO_x release time is delayed while the generating amount reduced,and the release time of nitrogen in volatile tends to approach that in char.Under high oxygen concentration atmospheres mixed with CO_2,the time of nitrogen release is advanced which happens mainly in the early period of combustion with a large emission amount.Under low oxygen concentration atmospheres,nitrogen in volatile and in char releases in different stages,with a reduced amount.


This paper presents an evaluation of the relative sea ice surface heights retrieved using carrier phase measurements of coherent GNSS reflection signals recorded by Spire Global Inc.'s LEMUR-2 low-Earth orbit (LEO) cubeSats between January to April 2019. Coherent GNSS signal reflection usually occurs at relatively low elevation angles, and sea ice is a good reflector for GNSS signals. As analyzed in [1], most of the uncertainty for GNSS-R relative sea surface height (SSH) retrievals is from the tropospheric delay models, which usually have several centimeters error in the zenith total error (ZTD), and the effects will be significantly amplified at low elevation angles. In this paper, the retrieved sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) using LEMUR-2 GNSS-R data are compared with the monthly averaged ice freeboard measurements from ICESat-2. Overall, the comparison shows good consistency. However, for some reflection events/segments, adjustments of the zenith troposphere delay model of up to 11 cm is required in order to fit the ICESat-2 ice freeboard measurements. Therefore, the tropospehere delay correction may be a challenge for high-precision GNSS-R sea ice altimetry.


Generation and associated loads were viewed as a subsystem or a "micro-grid", micro-grid can improve the utilization of renewable energy and important load supply reliability. Currently the protection relay of LV system mainly is over-current protection, but simply over-current protection can no meet the requirements of micro-grid. In this paper, the electrical characteristics and fault characteristics of renewable energy and micro-grid system have been summarized, the new relay principle and configuration program have been proposed.The model of the micro-grid power system is simulated in PSCAD.


Autonomous micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) will soon play a major role in tasks such as search and rescue, environment monitoring, surveillance, and inspection. They allow us to easily access environments to which no humans or other vehicles can get access. This reduces the risk for both the people and the environment. For the above applications, it is, however, a requirement that the vehicle is able to navigate without using GPS, or without relying on a preexisting map, or without specific assumptions about the environment. This will allow operations in unstructured, unknown, and GPS‐denied environments. We present a novel solution for the task of autonomous navigation of a micro helicopter through a completely unknown environment by using solely a single camera and inertial sensors onboard. Many existing solutions suffer from the problem of drift in the xy plane or from the dependency on a clean GPS signal. The novelty in the here‐presented approach is to use a monocular simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) framework to stabilize the vehicle in six degrees of freedom. This way, we overcome the problem of both the drift and the GPS dependency. The pose estimated by the visual SLAM algorithm is used in a linear optimal controller that allows us to perform all basic maneuvers such as hovering, set point and trajectory following, vertical takeoff, and landing. All calculations including SLAM and controller are running in real time and online while the helicopter is flying. No offline processing or preprocessing is done. We show real experiments that demonstrate that the vehicle can fly autonomously in an unknown and unstructured environment. To the best of our knowledge, the here‐presented work describes the first aerial vehicle that uses onboard monocular vision as a main sensor to navigate through an unknown GPS‐denied environment and independently of any external artificial aids. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


PURPOSE: An LED(Light Emitting Diode) and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve the reflection characteristics of a reflecting layer by forming the reflecting layer using an aluminum layer and an alumina layer. CONSTITUTION: An LED is provided with a substrate(22), the first conductive type clad layer(24) formed on the substrate, an active layer(26) formed on the first conductive type clad layer, and the second conductive type clad layer(28) formed on the active layer. The LED further includes a pair of alumina layers(37,39) formed at the backside of the substrate and an aluminum layer(35) between the pair of alumina layers. Preferably, a glass layer is capable of being formed at the backside of the aluminum layer.


Considering the economics and safety of air supply system for the boilers used in power plant,a new control valve design and its monitoring system are presented.The new design features equal percentage flow capacity characteristics.So the valve can be adjusted more accurately.In addition,new boiler air supply monitoring system is designed to make the control valve operate according to temperature and air speed inside the duct.


A SHIFT toward a data-driven socio-economic health model is occurring. This is the result of the increased volume, velocity and variety of data collected from the public and private sector in healthcare, and biology in general. In the past five-years, there has been an impressive development of computational intelligence and informatics methods for application to health and biomedical science. However, the effective use of data to address the scale and scope of human health problems has yet to realize its full potential. The barriers limiting the impact of practical application of standard data mining and machine learning methods have been inherent to the characteristics of health data. Besides the volume of the data ('big data'), these are challenging due to their heterogeneity, complexity, variability and dynamic nature. Finally, data management and interpretability of the results have been limited by practical challenges in implementing new and also existing standards across the different health providers and research institutions. The scope of this Special issue is to discuss some of these challenges and opportunities in health and biological data science, with particular focus on the infrastructure, software, methods and algorithms needed to analyze large datasets in biological and clinical research. After a rigorous review process, 15 articles were selected for publication in this special issue. They are briefly discussed in the following.


Mid‐ to lower crustal granulites near Wilson Lake in Central Labrador exhibit pronounced aeromagnetic anomalies. Areas characterized by high and low field strength correlate with the Wilson Lake allochthon and the surrounding autochthon respectively. The induced magnetization in both units has mean values of 0.34 A/m (allochthon) and 0.33 A/m (autochthon). However, the mean values of remanent magnetizations are 9.2 A/m (allochthon) and 3.3 A/m (autochthon) in directions contributing to the present geomagnetic field. Therefore, the remanent magnetization plays the main role in generating the observed magnetic anomaly. Thermal demagnetizations indicate that titanhematite is stable to 585–600 °C. The absence of significant Verwey transitions indicates that titanhematite is the predominant carrier in some rocks and a significant carrier along with magnetite in others. Any interpretation of the magnetic anomalies above these rocks must consider magnetic remanence as the principle anomaly source.


Red blood cells (RBC) change upon hypothermic conservation, and storage for 6 weeks is associated with the short‐term clearance of 15% to 20% of transfused RBCs. Metabolic rejuvenation applied to RBCs before transfusion replenishes energetic sources and reverses most storage‐related alterations, but how it impacts RBC circulatory functions has not been fully elucidated.


A study was conducted to evaluate the quality aspects of eight exportable dried fishery products of Bangladesh. The products were evaluated by examining organoleptic properties, water reconstitution behavior, microbiological and biochemical aspects. The water reconstitution rate was faster in ribbon fish and Bombay duck, and slower in other fishes and air bladder and shark fin products. Organoleptic and physical characteristics in respect of color, odor, texture, insect infestation and broken pieces of the products revealed that all of the products were either in excellent or acceptable condition. Total viable bacterial load ranged from 0.95 x 104 CFU/g to 1.8 x 104 CFU/g in dried products. Coliform bacteria was absent in all the dried fishery products. The results of moisture, crude protein, lipid and ash content of the products ranged from 16.20 to 23.51%, 58.37 to 82.86%, 0.17 to 14.44% and 0.58 to 9.23%, respectively. Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) contents were in the range of 0.104 to 2.372% and the pepsin digestibility values were of 88.41 to 94.23%. The results of the study suggested that the exportable dried products were of good quality and hygienically safe.


Feeding trials were performed at two different water temperatures (summer and winter seasons) to identify suitable protein and lipid (energy) levels to be used in formulating extruded pellets for olive flounder. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of protein and lipid levels in extruded pellets on the growth and body composition of the flounder in both feeding trials. Six experimental diets were prepared containing three protein levels (46%, 51%, and 56%) and two lipid levels (10% and 17%). In the first experiment, during the summer season (), a triplicate group of fish (initial weight, 114 g) were fed to satiation one of the six diets for 11 weeks. The highest weight gain was observed in fish fed the 56/17 (% protein/% lipid) diet, but this weight gain was not significantly different from that of fish fed the other diets, except for those fed the 46/10 diet. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the 17% lipid diets were higher than those of fish fed the 10% lipid diets at each protein level. In the second experiment, during the winter season (), a triplicate group of fish (initial weight, 107 g) were fed to satiation one of the six diets for 9 weeks. Weight gain was not significantly different among all groups. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with increasing dietary lipid level at each protein level. The whole-body crude lipid content of the of fish fed the 17% lipid diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the 10% lipid diets at each protein level in both feeding trials. Based on the data obtained in this study, the inclusion of dietary protein at a level of 46% appears to be sufficient to support optimal growth, and increasing the dietary lipid level from 10% to 17% had no beneficial effects on the growth and feed utilization of olive flounder (110-300 g), except for fish fed a 56% protein diet in the summer season.


In this thesis, we take the viewpoint that a teaching-learning process can be treated as a special type of workflow. Based on this viewpoint, we propose a distributed architecture, which is based on BPEL and Web Services, to realize a system compliant with the IMS Learning Design (LD), an international e-learning standard that supports multiple-role collaborative learning. In this system, a course described in IMS LD will be translated into a number of BPEL processes, which communicate with each other by invoking Web Services. The adoption of BPEL and Web Services contributes to the LD system in terms of flexibility, extensibility, and better integration with other e-Learning subsystems.


Activated carbon can be made from a variety of organic and inorganic raw materials. One of the organic materials with great potential in the manufacture of activated carbon is the bark of salak wedi(Salacca Zalacca). The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of the activated carbon of salak wedi peel which has been chemically activated using KOH and ZnCl2 with the process of being activated once using only KOH or ZnCl2 and multilevel activation using a combination of KOH and ZnCl2 to determine the number of pores in the sample and to determine the presence of a crystal structure in the sample. The research method includes sample making, single and multilevel activation processes, then SEM and XRD tests are carried out. The results of SEM with multilevel activation have more pores than the activated carbon sample of bark once. The SEM results obtained that the multilevel activation has a larger number of pores compared to the activation which is only carried out once, with the result that the largest pore volume with the stratified activator Carbon KOH + ZnCl2 (s) is 35,976,798,714 nm3. The XRD analysis indicated that activated carbon from the bark of salak wedi is a material with good conductivity properties because it has a relatively high crystalline structure, both on one-time activation and multilevel activation. Time using KOH activator obtained phase crystalline with the most significant percentage if compared with another activation.


A powder or liquid dispenser powder or liquid dispenser, and at least one container suitable for storage of the powder or liquid is administered, a dispenser member such as a pump or a valve, a drive member suitable for driving of the dispenser member, powder or a dispenser opening which liquid is administered, made of non-adherent material intrinsic conduction tinged inherent electrostatic conductive capable polymer (IDP) which contains at least one electrostatic charge, of the dispenser It has at least a portion in contact with the powder or liquid, a dispenser that.


INTRODUCTION. Prolonged inactivity associated with exacerbation of a chronic disease or immobilization of the upper limb after injuries and operations leads to the development of functional disorders in the shoulder joint and the development of secondary changes, such as muscle atrophy, contractures, osteoporosis. Therefore, the early application of functional methods of treatment is pathogenetically justified, among which mechanotherapy on robotic devices occupies an important place.
AIM. To study the effectiveness of using the FLEX-F04 device in diseases and injuries of the shoulder joint.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. According to the inclusion criteria, 60 patients were under our supervision. By random sampling, all patients were divided into two groups of 30 people each. All patients underwent a clinical examination, assessed algofunctional index on the VAS scale, the degree of dysfunction in the arm, shoulder and hand according to the DASH questionnaire, electrothermometry.
RESULTS. As a result of treatment and rehabilitation measures, there was a significant increase in the angles of flexion, horizontal adduction, abduction, external and internal rotation in the shoulder joint, a decrease in pain syndrome and an increase in daily activity according to the DASH questionnaire in patients of both groups. In the main group, these indicators were significantly better than in the comparison group. The increase in thermal radiation as a result of the robotic mechanotherapy procedure averaged 0.6 0.1C.
DISCUSSION. Robotic mechanotherapy allows movement in the shoulder joint in accordance with its biomechanics, reduces the load on the musculoskeletal system and thereby prevents the appearance or strengthening of the pain component during the procedure. This contributes to an active increase in the amplitude of movements and improvement of the functional capabilities of the shoulder joint, which has a positive effect on daily activity. An increase in thermal radiation in the shoulder joint area during the procedure can serve as an indirect sign of improved microcirculation and neuro-vascular regulation.
CONCLUSION. The use of the FLEX-F04 robotic mechanotherapy device of the upper extremities according to the proposed method increases the volume of movements in the shoulder joint, reduces pain syndrome, increases blood circulation of the shoulder joint area and improves neuro-vascular regulation, increases daily household activity. Early inclusion of the device in the rehabilitation process makes it possible to shorten the duration of rehabilitation treatment and achieve a functional range of movements in the shoulder joint.


Oil fuel is decrease while it needs is increasing gradually, such as the premium type of gasoline needs is increase continuesly. A variety alternative to overcome this problem has been done, included using LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). The modification is needed to use LPG as fuel of the gasoline engine. This modification will include adding a mixer. This mixer will mix air and fuel before entering the combustion chamber. The mixer that used to modify the engine generator is a venturi mixer. Afterwards, analysis performance of motor using gasoline and LPG with a constant speed test. Results measurement and analysis of performance shows that efficiency of LPG generator set has higher than gasoline generator set. The use of LPG fuel is lower than gasoline. the efficiency At constant speed 3000 rpm using LPG is 9,2 % with BHP 1062,5 Watt, Torque 3,384 Nm, Bfsc 0,000083 Kg/Wh, Bmep 425 Kpa, while using gasoline the efficiency is 2,81 % with BHP 1187,5 Watt, Torque 3,78 Nm, Bfsc 0,00291 Kg/Wh, Bmep 494.79 Kpa. From those results of experiment can be found out that the efficiency of the generator set using LPG fuel is higher than using gasoline fuel.


The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of indiscriminant use of common pesticides especially insecticide on the population of soil micro flora in cultivated soil of Indian rice field agro-ecosystems. Endosulfan and Dichlorvos @ 1ml/l (normal dose) did not show any adverse effect on soil micro flora; but a high dose 2ml/l showed a negative effect. On the other hand Carbofuran @ 9 kg/acre (normal dose) and 12kg/ acre (high dose) showed an adverse effect on the growth of actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi. The important findings of the present study is that the effect on microbes by applying insecticides reflects the ecological imbalance of microbes in cultivated soil and hamper the microbial equilibrium to some extent. The study focused that the uses of the pesticides as a plant protection agent occasionally hamper the growth of soil micro flora in cultivated rice field.


Aim. To assess the relation of epicardial fat tissue thickness (EFTT) and other metabolic risk factors with the index of coronary atherosclerosis Spread (CASI) in obese patients. Material and methods. Totally 186 men included (54,4±9,1 y.o.) with coronary heart disease (CHD) and obesity. By the results of coronary arteriography we calculated Gensini Score of CASI. All patients underwent laboratory tests with the measurement of basic and additional metabolic risk factors and echocardiography with EFFT measurement. Results. By the data of regression analysis we selected 7 predictors significantly related to EFTT: CASI (β=0,390), resistine (β=0,453), glucose (β=152), adiponectine (β=-0,175), high density lipoproteides cholesterol (β=-0,138), interleukine-6 (β=0,118), and tumor necrosis factor-α (β=0,117). Measurement of the predictors values led in 52,1% to the changes of CASI value (R²=0,521). Conclusion. In obese patients the assessment of the parameters described makes possible to circle a high risk group for unsymptomatic CHD forms with the aim for on-time investigation of patients and for early preventive interventions.


That nasal deformities cause psychologic disturbances especially in women, and abnormalities in the physiologic functions of the nose is common knowledge. It thus behooves the attending physician to carefully evaluate nasal injuries whether at birth or in later life. Proper management at the time is essential.


Various countries in the world are vigorously developing energy-saving industries and attaching importance to the improvement of household energy efficiency, but it is difficult to evaluate user power consumption characteristics due to insufficient information and large data granularity. It is, however, possible to evaluate the energy efficiency of household users via non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). This paper explores the energy efficiency assessment of residential users and proposes a household energy efficiency assessment method based on NILM data. An energy efficiency assessment index of residents is provided by analyzing factors that affect residents' energy efficiency. This index is clear, operable, and easy to obtain and quantify. Based on NILM information, clustering, and comprehensive evaluation, as well as combining the entropy weight method with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a user's energy efficiency can be evaluated and analyzed. Some case studies are provided to verify the validity of the proposed method based on non-intrusive information, to analyze the characteristics and deficiencies of the user's energy consumption, and to give corresponding energy recommendations.


Organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials have been considered to be promising candidates for large area and low‐cost wearable devices owing to their tailorable molecular structure, intrinsic flexibility, and prominent solution processability. More importantly, OTE materials offer direct energy conversion from the human body, solid‐state cooling at low electric consumption, and diversified functions. Herein, we summarize recent developments of OTE materials and devices for smart applications. We first review the fundamentals of OTE materials from the viewpoint of thermoelectric performance, mechanical properties and bionic functions. Second, we describe OTE devices in flexible generators, photothermoelectric detectors, self‐powered sensors, and ultra‐thin cooling elements. Finally, we present the challenges and perspectives on OTE materials as well as devices in wearable electronics and fascinating applications in the Internet of Things.


The advent of long PCR has proven to be a major advance in PCR technology. This article reviews the origins, special requirements with respect to templates, primers, DNA polymerases, and reaction conditions, of long PCR. Recent developments in long PCR, including long range-inverse PCR (LR-IPCR), endonuclease-mediated long PCR, long RT-PCR and LDD-PCR, are introduced. Finally, applications of long PCR in zoological study are summarized with respect to genome sequencing and mitochondrial genome research, pathogenetic diagnosis, differential gene expression, pathogenetic virus research and analysis of genetic polymorphism.


Although it is usually approached as a religious text or a precursor of the novel, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress was also a bestseller of its time and thus a valuable literary property, making it an important landmark in the history of authorship. This paper examines the publication history of The Pilgrim's Progress and its sequels (by Bunyan and others) from within the context of the Restoration book trade, focusing on their paratexts and the controversies of ownership that surrounded them Despite his initial apology for writing a work of fiction, Bunyan came to assert greater authority over it, motivated first by accusations of plagiarism and then by the publication of Thomas Sherman's Second Part. A significant role in configuring Bunyan's authorship was also played by his publisher, Nathaniel Ponder, who—working in his own interests as the 'proprietor' of The Pilgrim's Progress—repeatedly defended Bunyan's authorial canon from piracy and spurious texts, including the anonymous Third Part brought out after Bunyan's death.


A new type of circuit element, designated as the compound-connection transistor circuit, which is capable of simulating loss-free high inductance values is described. This element enables the realisation of the UHF and microwave frequency active filters with low pass-band attenuation, high stop-band attenuation and steep skirt response.


HE comparative study of the cytology of species-hybrids has been T a particularly fruitful one. Such analyses, dealing mostly with sterility determinations, chiasma frequencies, and chromosome configurations, have served as critical evidence for the establishment of probable interspecific, and even intergeneric, relationships, and simultaneously, have led to a better understanding of the methods by which isolation and subsequent speciation have taken place in the past, and are taking place at present. The justification for this method of approach to the whole prob-lem of inter-relationships rests upon the assumption that the conjugation of parental chromosomes at meiosis is a relatively valid criterion of chromosome homology.


Rec. av Studies in the transmission and reception of Old Norse literature. The Hyperborean muse in European culture. Edited by Judy Quinn and Adele Cipolla (2016)


Regional mapping herbicide sorption to soil is essential for risk assessment. However, conducting analytical quantification of adsorption coefficient (Kd) in large scale studies is too costly; therefore, a research question arises on goodness of Kd spatial prediction from sampling. The application of a spatial Bayesian regression (BR) is a newer technique in agricultural and natural resources sciences that allows converting spatially discrete samples into maps covering continuous spatial domains. The objective of this work was to unveil herbicide sorption to soil at a landscape scale by developing a predictive BR model. We integrated a large set of ancillary soil and climate covariables from sites with Kd measurements into a spatial mixed model including site random effects. The models were fitted using glyphosate and atrazine Kds, determined in 80 and 120 sites from central Argentina. For model assessment, measurements of global and point-wise prediction errors were obtained by cross-validation; residual variability was estimated by bootstrap to compare BR with regression kriging (RK). Results showed that the BR spatial predictions outperformed RK. The glyphosate Kd model (RMSPE: 13% of the mean) included aluminum oxides, pH, and clay content, whereas the atrazine Kd model strongly depended on soil organic carbon and clay, as well as on climatic variables related to water availability (RMSPE: 27%). Spatial modelling of a complex edaphic process as herbicide sorption to soils enhanced environmental interpretations. An efficient approach for spatial mapping provides a modern perspective on the study of herbicide sorption to soil. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The utility model relates to a foldable dewatering mop, which relates to the technical field of a mop used for dewatering under the foldable state. The utility model is improved on the basis of the existing foldable dewatering mop to provide a foldable dewatering mop with convenient use and can be used for wiping different stains. At least one of the front side surface, the left side surface and the right surface of a plastic plate is fixedly provided with brush bristles which are outward corresponding to the plastic plate. Because the side surface of the plastic plate is fixedly provided with the brush bristles, people have no need of using other tools when the foldable dewatering mop is used for cleaning and meets firmer stains so long as the direction of the foldable dewatering mop is converted. Thus the brush bristles of the plastic plate can make firmer stains cleanly cleaned. Thus the utility model is easy, rapid and convenient in use. Meanwhile, the utility model can relieve the contact of a spongy body with firmer stains so as to prolong the service life of the utility model. In addition, because a flange of the plastic plate is integrated with the plastic plate, the utility model has the advantages of simple structure and low cost. Thereby, the utility model can meet the using requirements of a mop for people.


Useful scanning mirror is provided in the laser projection device (LPD). Scanning mirror according to the invention comprises the components of a substantially planar having a movable reflective region and the base region coupled to each other by a split hinge. Foundations, such that movement of the piezoelectric element via the split hinge is transmitted to the movable reflective region, by at least one piezoelectric element extending therebetween, are coupled to the base region. Scanning mirror is, for example, having four piezoelectric elements.


The study was carried out to determine genetic variability, heritability, and genetic progress among the F4-5 population of Brassica species for several biochemical and morphological traits at Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan, during the Rabi season 2018-19. In Pakistan, Brassica are economically important and high yielding oil seeds and it is needed to produce improved Brassica varieties for successful expansion of cultivation of oilseed crops. The genetic variability among 51 populations (genotypes) of four interspecific crosses Bn-531xBr-118, Bn-525xBr-118, Bn-514xBj-109 and Bn-510xBj-109 with six parents of Brassica species in paired rows of 4 m length with a spacing of 30 x 10-15 cm (row × plant). Data were recorded on ten different agro-morphological characters and six biochemical traits. The interspecific crosses of Brassica species highly performed all types of morphological traits in populations viz; 142, 129, 196, 186 and 142. Biochemical traits are highly performed in interspecific crosses of F4-5 populations other than parental genotypes. Majority had high to moderate heritability, whereas greatest had less environmental and genetic influence in the expression of these characters and had high heritability with substantial genetic advance. Interspecific crosses showed superior diversity for various traits and thus give a unique opportunity in further evaluation of these materials for profitable exploitation in next generations.


Methamphetamine hydrochloride crystal (trade name Methedrine) that is one of the illegal drugs used as a stimulant to the nervous system has been considered to be detected by T-ray via the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). In this research, we simulated the THz spectra of Methedrine by molecular dynamics methods for the first time. The terahertz spectra at temperatures 78.4K, 200K, 294K and 400K in the frequency range of 10-100cm-1 were investigated, which exhibited the variation of spectra position and intensity with increasing temperature. Firstly, we used DL_POLY simulation package to obtain the instantaneous values of the dipole moment. Subsequently, the intensities of THz vibrational modes were obtained by the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function of the dipole moment. The results showed our theoretical calculation by molecular dynamics simulations got a good consistency with available experimental spectroscopy. These are useful to determine the best conditions of temperature at which the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of Methedrine results a highly informative spectrum.


In article the reasons of teenage suicides at a turn of the XIX-XX centuries among which were school, craft workshops, a family are considered. On the basis of the analysis of the actual material and statistical data it is shown as on children's suicides the condition of the society, its political, economic and social problems influenced.


The United States Environmental Protection Agency has developed and is promoting the adoption of a new 'inhalable' particulate matter standard for sampling environmental aerosols based on a 15 μm cut size to evaluate the potential impact associated with inhalation deposition. On the other hand, the use of 'respirable' dust sampling is the time-honoured and tested means of collecting the particle fraction that is indicative of the potential risk to the lung of inhalation exposure to aerosols. In this report the relationship of these two concepts is critically reviewed in the perspective of the available human data on the deposition of inhaled particles. The BMRC and AEC criteria for 'respirable' dust samples and the recommendations of the ICRP Task Group on Lung Dynamics for nasal and tracheobronchial penetration are found to be somewhat like the EPA proposed intermediate standard even though that standard is based on physical-chemical data rather than biological considerations. The proposed 'inhalable' particle standard with its concomitant difficulties overemphasizes the large particle risk even for mouth breathing and appears to have limited utility. Continued use of the traditional respirable dust standards is recommended.


The electrochemical behavior of a new class of aluminum metal matrix composites produced by the direct metal oxidation technique, Lanxide AS-109(trademark), was detailed. The composite is 69% (by volume) SiC reinforcement, 24% oxidized metal (primarily Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}), and 7% retained aluminum alloy. The corrosion behavior of the SiC/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Al composite was found to be dependent on NaCl concentration and pH. SiC/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Al was susceptible to pitting of the Al alloy phase at open circuit during exposure to aerated and deaerated 0.6, 0.06, and 0.006 M NaCl solutions. In contrast, exposure to 6 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} M NaCl did not result in pitting at open circuit, and buffered borate solution (no chloride) did not yield pitting at any potential examined. The pitting potential of SiC/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Al was estimated to decrease 80 mV per order of magnitude increase in NaCl concentration. Comparison of the composite to a model composite matrix material, Al 6061, revealed that the composite was more susceptible to localized corrosion than the matrix alloy alone which did not pit at open circuit in deaerated 0.6 M NaCl. Polarization resistance measurements in pH adjusted (pH 1 to 13) 0.6 M NaCl solutions revealed that the corrosionmore » rate is minimized in neutral solution. Pits were neither confined to regions adjacent to SiC nor Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, suggesting little galvanic effect of the reinforcing phases.« less


A "Portable Virtual Endoscope System" (Portable VES) with haptic ability is developed. This Portable VES can present not only computer graphical images of an internal view of a virtual intestine but also reaction force through the endoscope. Unlike previous VES, the Portable VES has a simpler drive mechanism to achieve haptic ability. A large deformable dynamical model of both intestine and endoscope are formulated and implemented in the Pentium based microcomputer. Simulation and basic performance for clinical training are verified successfully by several experiments.


The effect of irrigation with saline water on several citrus genotypes was evaluated in a short-term field experiment. Salinity levels ranged from 2.0 to 6.4 dS.m -1 . Comparatively salt-tolerant Citrus species and Citrus X Poncirus hybrids were tested for their possible use as rootstocks for commercial citrus cultivars irrigated with brackish water. All the tested genotypes survived the highest salinities. At all salinity levels, the best chloride excluder was Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan.), and the worst was sour orange (C. aurantium L.). Gou Tou Cheng (C. aurantium hybrid?) and Rangpur (C. limonia Osb.) X Troyer citrange (C. sinensis L. X Poncirus trifoliata L.) RT803 were found to be promising genotypes for further evaluation as rootstocks tolerant to high salinities. Rangpur was unsuitable because of foot rot.


The rapid development of circulation economy embodies the comprehensive accomplishment of scientific development.Compared with traditional economy,circulation economy has its own distinguishing features and advantages.Its development can be promoted through technological change,switching mechanism,expanding circulation technology,saving resources and economical consumption in order to establish a resource-saving type and harmony-environment type society and fulfill the all-round and sustainable development of China's economic society.


Digital games are among the most complex forms of media entertainment. They contain a large variety of multimodal sensory stimuli, from vivid three-dimensional graphics to engaging sound effects and background music, elaborate narratives, and absorbing virtual worlds. Games are also highly dynamic, meaning that they usually do not follow a linear structure. This chapter provides an overview of research on player experience and its different methodological approaches. It discusses the concept of integrated model of player experience (IMP) as a framework to describe the dimensions of player experience and organize the research that investigates it. The IMP distinguishes between three main elements comprising the gaming experience: context, player, and game. Effects and influences of these levels occur in three consecutive phases: pregame phase, game phase and postgame phase.


The reductive functionalization of RhIII–Me bonds in acids is a key step for RhI/III-based catalysts for methane functionalization. Heating electronic-rich [tBu3terpy]Rh(Me)(Cl)I (1; tBu3terpy = 4,4′,4″-tri-tert-butylterpyridine) in H2O, AcOD, or trifluoroacetic acid (HTFA) released a stoichiometric amount of methane. With use of a less donating ligand, [(NO2)3terpy]Rh(Me)(Cl)I (2; (NO2)3terpy = 4,4′,4″-trinitroterpyridine), a mixture of CH4 and CH3X (X = Cl, TFA, OAc, OH) was obtained. The selectivity between MeX and CH4 was found to be dependent on the halide present (I– or Cl–). In a key experiment with the removal of one halide from 2, {[(NO2)3terpy]Rh(Me)Cl}{BF4} (3) was completely protonated in acidic solvent. DFT calculations were employed to investigate the mechanism of reductive functionalization and protonation.


Bloomsbury, Modernism, and the Reinvention of Intimacy by Jesse Wolfe Cambridge University Press, 2011.272 pages Matthew Eatough Looking back on Bloomsbury from the vantage point of the early '60s, Leonard Woolf summarized the central charge that Bloomsburians had repeatedly leveled against detractors and disciples alike: What came to be called Bloomsbury by the outside world never existed in the form given to it by the outside world. For 'Bloomsbury" was and is used as a term--usually of abuse--ap-plied to a largely imaginary group of persons with largely imaginary objects and characteristics. ... We were and always remained primarily and fundamentally a group of friends. (21), (23) An intimate association of friends secluded from the gaze and politicized labels of "the outside world"; a heterogeneous assortment of opinions, aesthetic techniques, and lifestyles bound together by affective, rather than artistic, attachments: Woolf's "group of friends" has persisted as something of a constitutive obstacle for critical accounts of Bloomsbury. How can one draw generalizable inferences about Bloomsbury's aesthetics and politics if its affective community was formed anterior to such public concerns? In an age in which the bombastic manifesto was the favored mode of publicity for avant-garde platforms, how does one account for Blooms burian writings that actively refuse to declare a distinct artistic movement? These challenges are even more apparent vis-a-vis Bloomsbury's literary productions, which lack the self-conscious defenses of formalism that can be found in a Roger Fry or a Clive Bell. Bloomsburian fictions from E. M. Forster's Howards End to Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway turn inward to intimate, domestic settings that seem to elude public classification, and which leave us to wonder what terms might best describe a peculiarly Bloomsburian aesthetic vision. Jesse Wolfe's Bloomsbury, Modernism, and the Reinvention of Intimacy approaches the paradox of a Bloomsburian aesthetic by undertaking a literary, philosophical, and cultural investigation of that which, according to Leonard Woolf, precludes general statements about Bloomsbury: personal intimacy itself. If intimacy often appears in popular discourse as the antithesis to publicness, as a sort of minimal sociality free from political and economic determinants, Wolfe argues the shape and style of intimacy in turn depend upon a long series of assumptions about personhood, gender, sexuality, domesticity, and affect. The Bloomsburian preference for intimacy over publicness thus reflects its members' participation in "a debate about love and marriage spanning the Victorian and modern eras," a debate which "often appeared to moderns as a crisis of intimacy" (4). As Wolfe shows, the generalization of official marriage over common-law and other "irregular" forms of marriage, the rise of the nuclear family household, and the decline of live-in servants all conspired during the early twentieth century to redefine companionate marriage as the locus of intimacy. But at the same time as marriage was being tasked with sustaining intimacy, "desires that lurked beyond the borders of the law--a man's for a man, a woman's for a woman" (23)--presented a threatening and potentially liberating force for imaging the modes through which intimacy operated. In Wolfe's account, same-sex desires among Bloomsburian writers forced them to expand the scope of companionate intimacy beyond the husband/wife dyad, in the process provoking questions over what men and women are, how gender complementarity does (or does not) make possible intimacy, what role sexual desire plays in intimacy, and what the ultimate substance and efficacy of intimacy is. In other words, the codification of Bloomsbury as a "group of friends" is less an evasion of larger commitments than "part of a post-Enlightenment project of making equality and freedom (for men and women with opposite- and same-sex desires) into realities of daily, domestic life, not just of a male-dominated public sphere" (4). …


The institutional repository is an important academic exchange channel which considers the resource sharing as a guide.The present work is about the construction of the institutional repository and the main contribution is as follows.The resources integration of the institutional repository is effectively realized by using the RRS working principle and technology;the concept of ontology is introduced to construct the user's interest model by using the weighted vector model based on ontology expressed RSS source;the RSS interest model is successfully constructed basing on the weight estimation of both the display and two implicit kinds of information collection.


IL‐18, originally designated as interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)‐inducing factor (IGIF), is a pleiotropic cytokine secreted by activated macrophages and Kupffer cells. The major activity associated with this cytokine is induction of IFN‐γ production from T cells, B cells, and NK cells, especially in collaboration with IL‐12. IL‐18 is synthesized without a signal peptide and must be enzymatically cleaved to become active. Therefore, it is important to determine whether the produced IL‐18 is an active or precursor form. This unit describes functional assays for measurement of bioactive human and mouse IL‐18 and ELISAs for measurement of murine and human IL‐18 proteins. The functional assays are based on the induction of IFN‐γ production by IL‐18. The ELISA measures the concentration of human or mouse IL‐18. Using a combination of monoclonal antibodies against human or mouse IL‐18, the proform and/or mature form of IL‐18 can be detected by ELISA.


This paper addresses thrust allocation optimization applied to semi-submersible platform for energy conservation. Here we suggest a sequential quadratic programming method based on simplex evolution technique (SESQP), where we consider thruster rate, forbidden sectors into simplex solution space and take account operational constraints into objective function minimized thrust typically. The method is illustrated by simulation experiment for a certain semi-submersible platform equipped with azimuth thrusters. The example shows flexible performance and reduced energy consumption.


Sustainability has been identified as an emerging business megatrend that companies across the spectrum need to respond to. Companies in the manufacturing industry have also increased their efforts in this direction. However, the efforts for improving the efficiency of manufacturing processes vary widely across the industry and may vary even within different locations of a large manufacturing organization. This paper reviews major initiatives and research relevant to developing and providing guidance for organizations interested in sustainable manufacturing. A concept is proposed for a maturity model to assist manufacturers with understanding the status of their efforts for sustainable manufacturing specifically focusing on materials, energy, and water use. The concept is being presented to gather inputs from relevant stakeholders and for further development into a model that provides high-level guidance to manufacturers for improving sustainability of their operations.


Companies that have previously listed their shares on a stock exchange may consider issuing the right shares as an additional capital-raising method to expandtheir operations. Investors need to have a solid understanding of both the current state of the firm and the nature of the rights issue before they can proceed with the redemption of their rights. In September of 2021, one of the Indonesian banking issuers, PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, carried out a rights issue toraise capital to lay the groundwork for forming an Ultra Micro SOE Holding business in Indonesia. As a result, this research aims to investigate the qualities of companies via the use of fundamental analysis, namely by examining profitability ratios, solvency ratios, and other supporting ratios. The purpose of this research is to establish whether or not the outcomes of this business activity have a favorable impact on the firm. Calculations and analyses are carried out using secondary data in the form of the financial statements of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk for 2018-2022. This data is used as a reference in the research approach. According to the findings of this study, the financial performance of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk, based on fundamental analysis, is in excellent shape and has witnessed growth following the Covid-19 epidemic. These findings are shown by the fact that the company has a positive outlook. Because the price is lower than the market price and the Price-to-Earnings Ratio is decreasing, BBRI's simulation of a rights issue calculation results reveal an appealing valuation. This is the case because the price is lower than the market price.


The Magdalena University, with the support of the Fondo Colombiano de Modernizacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico de las Micro, Pequenas y Medianas Empresas (Fomipyme) developed a project aimed at strengthening the management, productivity and competitiveness of fourteen (14) micro and one small enterprise of clothing sector.


ABSTRACT This case report describes occupational therapy (OT) intervention in an outpatient setting and outcomes for a child diagnosed with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) from 4 to 28 months of age. There is little information on therapy intervention and outcomes of children who have survived. The patient is a white male, born at 35 weeks gestation with a diagnosis of left CDH that required a patch repair. He also had a Nissen fundoplication, gastrostomy tube and spent the first 100 days of his life in the hospital. He received outpatient OT for 2 years. The process of service provision is described using the "Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process, 2nd edition" (American Occupational Therapy Association, , American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62(6), 625–683). The focus of intervention, description of the intervention process, and timeline for achievement of skills is provided. Outcomes and assessment tools used included the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and Peabody Developmental Motor Scales—Second Edition.


Due to the complexity of pricing in service industry, it is important to provide an efficient pricing framework for real-life and large-sized applications. To this end, we combined an optimization approach with a regression-based machine learning method to provide a reliable and efficient framework for integrated pricing and train formation problem under hybrid uncertainty. To do so, firstly, a regression-based machine learning model is applied to forecast the ticket price of the passenger railway and then, the obtained price in is used as the input of a train formation optimization model. Further, in order to deal with the hybrid uncertainty of demand parameter, a robust fuzzy stochastic programming model is proposed. Finally, a real transportation network from the Iran railway is applied to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model. The analysis of numerical results indicated that the proposed framework is able to state the optimal price with less complexity in comparison to traditional models.


This paper provides an update of the mine design, construction, caving progress and operations status of the Grasberg Block Cave (GBC) mine. Undercutting was initiated in September 2018 and drawbelling in December 2018. Undercutting is currently proceeding in three production blocks. Full production is expected in 2025, a 21-year time period between initial access development in 2004 to full production. Diluted ore reserves are about 959 million tonnes at a grade of 0.97% Cu and 0.73 g/t Au. The mine plan utilizes an El Teniente-style drawpoint layout on a 20 m x 30 m drawbell spacing, comprising some 2,400 drawpoints in a 720,000 m 2 footprint. The drawpoint opening sequence comprises eight production blocks. Ore is transported via diesel-powered LHDs to a series of ore passes, then via loading chutes to a rail haulage system, which delivers the ore to a three-gyratory crusher complex. Crushed ore is transported to the mill stockpiles via dual inclined conveyors. Development and construction of the initial fixed facilities was completed in late 2018 and expansion of those facilities is ongoing to support production ramp up. Primary access for workers and materials is via the 6-km long AB adits. The service shaft for hoisting workers and materials from the AB adits' level to the various operating levels was commissioned in 2016. The rail haulage central control system and initial haulage operating areas were commissioned in 2018. The first phase of the crusher/conveyor system was commissioned in mid-2018. Ventilation is provided through a series of large intake and exhaust drifts; four 5,000 kW main fans are operational, and a fifth fan will be commissioned in 2021. A 1,600 l/s pumping system will manage drainage from the mine. The initial stage of the pumping system is under construction and will be commissioned in 2020.


In the present study, one hundred sets of study casts of normal occlusion were obtained from Hyderabad population (50 males and 50 females) with age ranging from 13 to 18 years. The mesiodistal widths of incisors, the inter canine, inter premolar and inter molar widths of maxillary and mandibular arches were measured. The means and S.D. were calculated. Though the mean values in males were slightly more than in females, the differences were not statistically significant. The width ratios between upper and lower arches were calculated and these ratios were constant and stable statistically. Applying these norms clinically, it was possible to evaluate dental arch width, to locate the discrepancy in posterior crossbites and to plan treatment accordingly.


In Finland, the licensing process of all nuclear facilities is specified in the Nuclear Energy Act. The licensing procedure comprises three steps, each of which requires a decision by the government: basic decision, construction permit, and operating license. All licensing decisions arc taken upon application to the Ministry of Trade and Industry. The Ministry invites comments and opinions on a broad basis and drafts a statement for the government. The basic decision by the government is political, pre-supposing a positive statement by the Central Office for Nuclear Safety (STUK) and a positive decision by the local government of the planned plant location. The construction permit and the operating license are mainly based on points of nuclear safety. STUK is the independent nuclear supervisory agency with administrative powers; its staff has the technical and scientific competence required for safety assessments and for supervision. STUK operates under the supervision of the Ministry for Social Affairs and Health which, to demonstrate its independence, has no duties in the energy sector and, in addition, supervises STUK in administrative matters, not in scientific and technical decisions. Internal rules of STUK ensure neutrality also of its staff in matters of energy policy. The activities of STUK as a supervisory and licensing authority in Finland are described in detail for the management of spent nuclear fuel and the new Olkiluoto 3 nuclear power plant currently under construction.


Researchers are studying new high‐tech solutions to help improve medication adherence, self‐management skills and overall health outcomes in transplant patients.


An introduction to quality improvement processes at scientific and medical testing laboratories. Covers handling customer complaints, and reviewing work practices in response.


The peak conditions and timing of metamorphism have been determined for the early Paleozoic Greenland Group in south Westland, New Zealand. The Greenland Group, which is the most extensive pre-Cenozoic unit west of the Alpine Fault in Westland, is dominated by greenschist facies greywacke and argillite. However, in the Jackson River valley this unit comprises amphibolite facies pelitic and psammitic gneisses. Psammitic horizons are dominated by biotite, plagioclase and quartz. Pelitic horizons have similar mineralogy but also contain sillimanite and K–feldspar, as well as boudinaged K–feldspar-bearing leucosomes. Conventional geothermometry and thermodynamic modelling indicate that peak metamorphism occurred between 660 and 700 °C and 3.5 and 6.0 kbar. The timing of this moderately high–T/low–P event is constrained to be mid-Paleozoic by U–Th–Pb dating of overgrowths on detrital zircon (334 ± 18 Ma) and confirmed to be Carboniferous by a single population of monazite grains (343 ± 3 Ma). Greenland Group metamorphism in the Jackson River valley may represent Carboniferous high crustal heat flow in the Gondwana margin hinterland while crustal thickening was occurring closer to the subduction zone.


A low latency, low power LDPC decoder design is presented in the paper. Partial-parallel check node processors are designed to reduce the decoding latency with moderate complexity; the parity check matrices of the LDPC codes are column-wise reordered to facilitate the parallel processing. Meanwhile, an efficient early stopping algorithm is proposed to stop the 'undecodable' words so that at least more than half power consumption is saved for low to median SNR region. The proposed LDPC decoder architecture has been implemented for IEEE 802.11n/ac LDPC codes on Xilinx Virtex6 device with a maximum throughput of more than 600 Mbps.


It is shown that the observed quantum Hall effect in epitaxial layers of heavily doped n-type GaAs with thickness $(50\ensuremath{-}140\mathrm{nm})$ larger the mean free path of the conduction electrons $(15--30 \mathrm{nm})$ and, therefore, with a three-dimensional single-particle spectrum is induced by the electron-electron interaction. The Hall resistance ${R}_{\mathrm{xy}}$ of the thinnest sample reveals a wide plateau at small activation energy ${E}_{a}=0.4 \mathrm{K}$ found in the temperature dependence of the transverse resistance ${R}_{\mathrm{xx}}.$ The different minima in the transverse conductance ${G}_{\mathrm{xx}}$ of the different samples show a universal temperature dependence (logarithmic in a large range of rescaled temperatures ${T/T}_{0})$ that is reminiscent of electron-electron-interaction effects in coherent diffusive transport.


Jute and mesta are very important natural fibres next to cotton. India and Bangladesh are two major jute producing countries accounting to 80% of export to outside world. Jute is mainly cultivated by small and marginal farmers of Eastern and North Eastern states like West Bengal, Assam, Bihar, Odisha, Tripura, Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Meghalaya. About 4 million people are involved in jute production system starting from jute cultivation to industry. The most energy and cost consuming operations in jute cultivation are weeding & thinning and fibre extraction. These operations are carried out almost manually and by farm women. Due to increase in cost of agricultural inputs and labour, jute cultivation becomes a non-profit enterprise and traditional jute farmers slowly diverting to other profitable crops. In this situation mechanization of jute cultivation can play an important role in reducing production cost and drudgery while increasing jute fibre production. To reduce drudgery and to improve the work output of jute farmers, equipment/machines i.e. manual jute seeder, improved weeder, nail weeder, manual jute fibre extractor, power operated fibre extractor, have been designed and developed and discussed in the paper.


Experimental investigations on interactions of a tera-watt laser (0.5–2.5 TW) with an underdense plasma are reported. Formation of self-channeling longer than the vacuum Rayleigh length is observed when ultrashort (100 fs in FWHM) high power (∼2 TW) laser pulses are focused into a gas (He, Ar, N2) filled chamber. In addition to the formation of self-channeling along the laser axis, a bright radiation in the transverse direction of the channel was observed for the highly excited dense gases. This sideway radiation was observed for all three gases and especially for N2, sideway jet-like radiation (we call it sideway electron jet) was monitored. The energy of the emitted electrons was estimated to be ∼10 keV from the range of electron trajectories in N2.


With the reform of electricity industry and the development of and power network interconnection, the intelligent perfect and reliable power automation system is playing much more crucial role in the grid operation and control. To begin with, this article points the important role of dispatching automation system that has played in power system. Then, the essay reviews the four stages of the dispatching automation system development in Pingdingshan. Moreover, this paper informs the construction of dispatching automation system, definition and structure of Energy Management System (EMS) and Substation Automation systems. Furthermore, based on the actual situation of Pingdingshan power dispatching automation system, writers focus on issues of dispatching automation system, such as maintenance encountered in the slow speed of information transmission, remote mistake and integration of the monitoring and protection. In addition, authors provide their own views and suggestions. Finally, authors prospect the dispatching automation system trends with several characteristics such as digitization, grid technology, integration, and intellectualization.


Objective To study the control effect and development trend of leprosy in qingyang city from 1949 to 2013,and to provide treatment and countermeasures for the effective prevention in the future. Methods According to historical statistics of the city's eight counties leprosy prevention,using Excel 2003 software,with descriptive epidemiological methods. The sex ratio was 3. 9∶ 1. Results Two hundred and twenty-seven cases of leprosy cumulative incidence in qingyang city. The highest annual incidence is found in Zhengning county,1960 incidence was 7. 84 /10 M. The annual minimum was in Zhenyuan county,1957 incidence was 0. 58 /10 M. The highest incidence was of 1. 59 /10 M in 1960. 20 to 39 old age account for 51. 54% of the total number. Conclusion New patients still come out in low incidence,current control strategy has achieved good results. We still need to persist for a long time.


I. Anaconda–a snake-like wave-power converter . A nonlinear theory is developed for a recent design of wave energy converter inspired by the mechanics of animal arteries. The device is a long and hollow rubber tube immersed beneath the sea surface. Excited by passing water waves outside, pressure waves are resonated inside the tube and advance toward the stern to spin a turbine for power production. To account for significant magnification, the classical linear theory of blood vessels is modified. Diffraction is neglected but nonlinearity and wall friction are included. Spatial evolution of harmonic amplitudes is shown to be governed by a dynamical system similar to that in nonlinear optics. The maximum available power flux is predicted as a function of the tube length and other structural parameters. It is hoped that the theory may assist further development of the novel device. II. Windkessel Effect. The Windkessel Effect phenomenon has its origin in an old-fashioned fire-fighting equipment where an air chamber serves to transform the intermittent influx from a pump to a more steady stream out of the hose. A similar mechanism exists in the cardiovascular system where blood injected intermittantly from the heart becomes rather smooth after passing through an elastic aorta. In existing haeodynamics literature this mechanism is explained on the basis of electric circuit analogy with empirical impedances. We present a mechanistic theory based on the principles of fluid/structure interactions. We describe a mechanistic model of windkessel phenomenon based on the linear dynamics of fluid-structure interactions. Explicit formulas are derived that exhibit the role of material properties and geometrical dimensions of the mechanical system. The current two-element model in haemodynamics is shown to be the limit of short aorta and low injection frequency and the impedance coefficients are derived theoretically as a function of the material properties of the blood vessels. Influence of varying geometrical parameters is examined. III. Effects of Thin Plaque on Blood Hammer. Water hammer due to sudden blockage in pipes can cause rupture and leakage in water-supply systems. Scattering of transient sound in pipes can be used for the detection of constrictions due to erosion. In human physiology, significant changes of cross-sectional


We propose a first-principles scheme, using the distorted structure, to obtain the phonons of the undistorted parent structure for systems with both broken symmetry as well as the splitting between longitudinal optical and transverse optical TO phonon modes due to long-range dipole-dipole interactions. Broken symmetry may result from antiferromagnetic ordering or structural distortion. Applications to the calculations of the phonon dispersions of NiO and MnO, the two benchmark Mott-Hubbard systems with the TO mode splitting for MnO, show remarkable accuracy.


A famous theorem of Debs and Saint Raymond states that the complement of a set of first category is of strong multiplicity. We prove a theorem which combines this with a result of Rudin which states that independent closed sets of strong multiplicity exist. We also prove a theorem which combines the theorem of Debs and Saint Raymond with a theorem of Wiener and Wintner which states that there exists a measure with singular support whose convolution square is absolutely continuous.


BACKGROUND
The cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRg) is lower in specific brain regions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ketones, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, are the brain's main alternative energy substrates to glucose.

OBJECTIVE
To gain insight into brain fuel metabolism in mild AD dementia by determining whether the regional CMR and the rate constant of acetoacetate (CMRa and Ka, respectively) reflect the same metabolic deficit reported for cerebral glucose uptake (CMRg and Kg).

METHODS
Mild AD dementia (Mild AD; n = 10, age 76 y) patients were compared with gender- and age-matched cognitively normal older adults (Controls; n = 29, age 75 y) using a PET/MRI protocol and analyzed with both ROI- and voxel-based methods.

RESULTS
ROI-based analysis showed 13% lower global CMRg in the gray matter of mild AD dementia versus Controls (34.2 ± 5.0 versus 38.3 ± 4.7 μmol/100 g/min, respectively; p = 0.015), with CMRg and Kg in the parietal cortex, posterior cingulate, and thalamus being the most affected (p ≤ 0.022). Neither global nor regional CMRa or Ka differed between the two groups (all p ≥ 0.188). Voxel-based analysis showed a similar metabolic pattern to ROI-based analysis with seven clusters of significantly lower CMRg in the mild AD dementia group (uncorrected p ≤ 0.005) but with no difference in CMRa.

CONCLUSION
Regional brain energy substrate hypometabolism in mild AD dementia may be specific to impaired glucose uptake and/or utilization. This suggests a potential avenue for compensating brain energy deficit in AD dementia with ketones.


We have carried out a high resolution spectroscopic survey of the 220–250 Myr old cluster NGC 6475: our main purpose is to investigate Li evolution during the early stages of the Main Sequence. We have determined Li abundances for 33 late F to K–type X–ray selected cluster candidates, extending the samples already available in the literature; for part of the stars we obtained radial and rotational velocities, allowing us to confirm the membership and to check for binarity. We also estimated the cluster metallicity which turned out to be over–solar (${\rm [Fe/H]}\rm =+0.14 \pm 0.06$). Our Li analysis evidenced that (i) late F–type stars ( T eff $\ga$ 6000 K) undergo a very small amount of Li depletion during the early phases on the ZAMS; (ii) G–type stars (6000 $\ga$ T eff $\ga$ 5500 K) instead do deplete lithium soon after arrival on the ZAMS. Whereas this result is not new, we show that the time scale for Li depletion in these stars is almost constant between 100 and 600 Myr; (iii) we confirm that the spread observed in early K–type stars in younger clusters has converged by 220 Myr. No constraints can be put on later–type stars. (iv) Finally, we investigate the effect of metallicity on Li depletion by comparing NGC 6475 with the similar age cluster M 34, but we show that the issue remains open, given the uncertain metallicity of the latter cluster. By using the combined NGC 6475+M 34 sample together with the Hyades and the Pleiades, we compare quantitatively Li evolution from the ZAMS to 600 Myr with theoretical predictions of standard models.


The need for restoration of shrubs is increasingly recognized around the world. In the western United States, restoration of mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana [Rydb.] Beetle) after controlling encroaching conifers is a priority to improve sagebrush‐associated wildlife habitat. Conifers can be cost effectively removed with prescribed burning when sagebrush is codominant; however, burning removes sagebrush and natural recovery may be slow. We evaluated seeding mountain and Wyoming big sagebrush (A. tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) on north and south aspects after western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis Hook) control with prescribed burning. We included seeding Wyoming big sagebrush, a more drought tolerant subspecies of big sagebrush, because it might grow better than mountain big sagebrush on hot, dry south slopes, during drought, or after juniper encroachment. Seeding mountain big sagebrush increased sagebrush cover and density compared to unseeded controls. In mountain big sagebrush‐seeded plots, sagebrush cover was 19 times greater on north compared to south aspects in the fourth year after seeding. At this time, sagebrush cover was also greater on mountain compared to Wyoming big sagebrush‐seeded plots. Natural recovery (i.e. unseeded) of sagebrush was occurring on north aspects with sagebrush cover averaging 3% 4 years after fire. Sagebrush was not detected on unseeded south aspects at the end of the study. These results suggest that postfire sagebrush recovery, with and without seeding, will be variable across the landscape based on topography. This study suggests seeding sagebrush after controlling junipers with burning may accelerate sagebrush recovery.


GATA6 is a transcription factor that can be used to distinguish between the basal-like and classical subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The basal-like subtype has been demonstrated to be less responsive to modified FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy and thus can be used to predict response to specific chemotherapies. To date, GATA6 expression has only been evaluated in surgically resected PDAC specimens. Less than 15% of patients with PDAC are eligible for surgery. Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine-needle aspirate (EUS-FNA) and biopsy (EUS-FNB) can potentially help assess GATA6 expression in PDAC and in turn, help guide personalized treatment selection in all cases of PDAC.

 The primary objective of this study was to explore the yield of EUS-FNA and EUS-FNB for the detection of GATA6 among patients with PDAC. The study also aimed to explore the impact of lesion location on sample adequacy and type of fixative on validity of GATA6 staining.

 This study was conducted from November 2017 to October 2019. Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of PDAC confirmed by biopsy were included. Patients underwent either EUS-FNB or EUS-FNA to obtain tissues samples. Samples were fixed in either neutral buffered formalin (NBF) or a methanol based buffered solution (Cytolyt) and evaluated by a specialized cytopathology team. Fisher's exact test was used and a p-value ≤0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.

 Forty-four patients were included in the study. Twenty-three (52%) patients were male and the median age of patients was 67.5 years. Twenty-five lesions were located in the head and neck of the pancreas, 14 were located in the body, and 4 were located in the tail. One patient was found to have a local recurrence of PDAC at the surgical bed of a previous Whipple procedure.
 Eighteen lesions were sampled by EUS-FNA and 26 were sampled using EUS-FNB. Thirty-eight (86%) samples were adequate for assessment of GATA6. Sampling technique (p=0.68) and fixative type (p=1.00) did not appear to affect sample adequacy. Compared to pancreatic body or tail specimens, samples obtained from the head or neck of the pancreas were more likely to be inadequate for analysis (p=0.03).

 EUS-FNA and EUS-FNB samples are efficacious methods of assessing GATA6 expression in PDAC. This is the first predictor of treatment response that has been demonstrated to be obtained without surgical resection. Neither EUS needle type or alcohol fixation before cell block preparation appear to impact GATA6 detection. Lesions in the pancreatic head or neck appear to be associated with higher rates of sample inadequacy. Larger, prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.

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Geological structures of planar or linear type idea of stereographic projection the stereographic net precise method of plotting lines intersection of two planes projecting a line onto a plane stereographic and equal-area projection the polar net analyzing folds faults rotation about a horizontal axis density contouring geotechnical applications exercises.


In this letter, we show the experimental results of microwave attenuation characteristics for representative communication frequencies (UHF, public safety long-term evolution [PSLTE], LoRa, Wi-Fi, and LTE) in a compartment fire. We used kerosene, lumber, and urethane foam as fuels, which can be easily found in homes, and measured the signal intensity with three antenna heights to investigate the effect of the flame and smoke. In the compartment environment, the ionized particles were the dominant attenuation factor of the signals. Furthermore, measurements revealed that the attenuation depends on frequencies and fuel types. In particular, large attenuation was observed at particular frequencies when burning lumber and urethane foam.


For best exploiting outstanding computational power and high memory bandwidth of a GPU, the main purpose of this work is to demonstrate the use of GPU on the implementations of ultrasound beamforming under a CUDA environment. Our software-based approach on a GPU is expected to reduce the burden of hardware complexity and offer the advantages of flexibility, quick implementation and adaptability to any future change in the requirement of ultrasound imaging applications. Results The performance analysis shows that our real-time-GPU-based beamformer can be successfully implemented with 307 frames per second and speedup of 390.5X compared with the single-threaded implementation on a high-performance CPU platform.


The effect of connecting a diode across the spark gap in electric discharge machining with a relaxation type generator is discussed. It is found that the reduction in tool wear increases with machining rate when a diode is used across the spark gap.


The latest history of the Polish language (1918–2018) consists of four phases (1918–1939, 1939–1945, 1945–1990, after 1990). In the area of extra-linguistic phenomena and sociolinguistic trends, the Polish language has evolved from the status of an elite language to a democratised code and from the double division of communication varieties (common language : dialects) to the triple division (common language : folk dialects : mixed codes). In the area of intra-linguistic phenomena, the trends of economisation and completion of linguistic devices dominated throughout the history, while preserving the uniform dynamics of other trends (unification, repartition, nobilitation). These processes and specific language changes have affected all structural layers of the Polish language system in a proportional manner, which proves the effectiveness of optimisation processes.
Keywords: language history – latest history of the Polish language – Polish language evolution – language system – extra-linguistic factors – intra-linguistic factors – sociolinguistic trends – language system development trends.


Critical care nurses in a large academic, tertiary care trauma center have adapted to a major system change since the implementation of a fully integrated Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) system, an automated process of order entry. Working in a rapidly changing environment, clinicians are accustomed to viewing real-time discrete data and then using that data to provide safe, effective, and efficient intensive care to critically ill patients. This article describes how the implementation of the CPOE system from a major healthcare software vendor has changed the life of critical care nurses and the perceptions of the experience 1 year after the new technology was initiated. Through experience sharing, perhaps others may gain knowledge to ease their transition to CPOE.


Most research works in simulating construction operations have predominantly focused on modeling and mistreated data preparation that is paramount for simulation. To prepare data for simulation process, a knowledge discovery system (KDS) is indispensable in extracting hidden knowledge from construction data sets. This knowledge is typically hard to obtain using traditional means, such as statistical analysis. The presented research develops, using fuzzy approach, a KDS to prepare, utilize, analyze, and extract the hidden patterns from construction data to predict work task durations. The KDS depends mainly on finding the relation between quantitative and qualitative variables, which affect the duration of construction operations and work tasks as well as prepare data for simulation modeling. It consists of two stages: data processing and mining. Data processing consists of cleaning, integrating, transforming, and selecting the appropriate knowledge. Data mining consists of selecting the factors that affec...


The present invention relates to a helmet and cap removably geuneulmak for, and more particularly, to a chayangmak binder phrase to install chayangmak a helmet and cap helmet and collectively, a front edge portion and a shade (hereinafter referred to as a hard hat and cap of the hat in a hard hat , by, install the chayangmak be fitted to the clip-on and chayangmak binder sphere both sides in the central part of the box, respectively referred to the front edge portion and eaves portion front rim), being able to install detachably geuneulmak installing the helmet to easily fit type to the helmet once detachable geuneulmak installation will go automatically to prevent escape. The present invention relates to a front edge (4) detachably for installing the chayangmak binder mechanism 5 is fitted helmet and cap removably geuneulmak the chayangmak (2) either side the leading end upper side of helmet (3) of the chayangmak binder obtain 5 is a top stationary plate (7) which runs on the central upper surface of the front edge (4) formed to protrude in the horizontal direction at the front of the helmet (3) is provided, the central lower portion, the cross section of the upper surface of the fixed plate 7 " b "and the clip (9) is formed in a shape integrally formed, the chayangmak (2) are fixed to both ends of and the rubber band 12 is mounted on the top, chayangmak (2) on both sides tip chayangmak binder mechanism 5 of It is characterized. Helmets, chayangmak, geuneulmak detachable clip chayangmak binder areas, elastic insert portion


Measurement of the polarization of harmonic radiation generated in a plasma by an incident extraordinary wave has recently been proposed as a means of directly determining the direction of magnetic field at the point of generation. The method demands a precise knowledge of the direction of the electric field of the harmonic at the region of generation. The effect of oblique propagation of the primary wave on the direction of the electric field of the harmonic is examined.


The article is devoted to the study of the sustainable mechanism of economic state regulation and the need to modernize it in accordance with modern conditions. The main content of the category of the mechanism of state regulation has been revealed, the essence of the mechanism of economic state regulation has been defined as a complex of interconnected methods, forms and instruments of the state regulatory influence. The interpretations of a number of scientists have been analyzed, as well as our own interpretation of the mechanism of economic state regulation has been proposed. The need to maintain an adequate balance in the ratio of state regulation of economic processes and market self-regulation has been determined. The basic system of basic methods, forms and tools used by the state in regulating economic processes has been structured. The application of the above-mentioned indicators individually or in combination depends on such factors as the economic strategy of the state, material and resource capacities, the current economic situation, etc. The need to take into account internal and external factors influencing the national economy and economic indicators (indicators) in the process of state regulation has been outlined. The main problems of the crisis state of the modern economy of Ukraine in connection with the full-scale armed aggression of russia have been characterized. Such problems are a decrease in production, a reduction in the real income of the population, an increase in unemployment, the cessation of investments, a rise in prices, inflation, devaluation of the national currency, logistical problems and other indicators. The current consequences of military operations for the country's economy, as well as regulatory steps of the government, which were aimed at ensuring its functioning in accordance with the realities of the time, have been determined. The necessity of modernization and creation of an effective mechanism of state regulation of the economy, which will include a complex of effective programs capable of ensuring the harmonious operation of all branches of the national economy, has been proved.


An acrylic polyol is prepared by emulsion copolymerization, which is further reacted with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) by internal emulsifying to form the prepolymer that is then chain extended with dimethylol propionic acid, forming the title acrylic polyurethane emulsion resin, The film properties of the coatings prepared with this resin, such as strength, fullness, gloss and hardness are all superior to the conventional resin coatings. The influence of various factors on the properties of rein and coatings are discussed.


This article explores recent developments in equal pay bargaining in the UK local government sector. It situates equal pay bargaining against the implementation of a new single status agreement designed to promote equality at work and the supporting regulatory lever of the Gender Equality Duty. The implementation of single status has been fraught with tensions, despite the government's encouragement for an integrative approach by employers and unions. In simple terms, the cost of equal pay settlements has constrained and stalled implementation. Yet the bargaining environment has also become more complex, with a proliferation of strikes over equal pay claims and increased recourse to litigation. While recent legal judgments pose potential challenges for how unions represent members, bargaining within the sector over equal pay claims is likely to become increasingly litigious.


Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease caused by immune cell infiltration into the Central Nervous System (CNS). Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) is characterized by episodes of worsening disability (relapses) followed by complete or partial recovery (remissions). Currently, MRI scans are used to conclusively identify relapses, but there is a need for an inexpensive, non-invasive test for monitoring relapses and remission status in MS patients. Serum neurofilament light (NFL) has emerged as a biomarker for relapse in MS. However, a test using NFL alone has poor sensitivity and specificity to identify an MS relapse. Our goal was to identify a panel of biomarkers that could improve the accuracy of distinguishing relapse and remission in MS patients. We used a multiplexed, sensitive assay to measure levels of blood proteins in two cohorts of RRMS patients – a cross-sectional cohort and a longitudinal cohort. In the cross-sectional patient cohort, we found five serum proteins were elevated in relapse, including NFL. Furthermore, we identified 94 serum proteins that were significantly reduced in relapse compared to remission, including IFN responsive chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL11. For the longitudinal cohort, pairwise comparisons found that five plasma proteins were elevated in relapse compared to remission, including NFL. Nine plasma proteins were significantly reduced in relapse compared to remission, including the IFN responsive chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10. In conclusion, our studies provide evidence that a panel including NFL and IFN responsive chemokines in the blood may serve as biomarkers to distinguish relapse and remission in RRMS patients.


In order to determine the nature and the structure of polymers formed by condensation of alkoxysilanes, a two‐dimensional INEPT double quantum filtered COSY NMR experiment was developed to observe 29Si29Si correlations at 29Si natural abundance. This experiment was tested on a mixture containing a trimer, [(CH3)3SiO]2Si(CH3)2, and a tetramer, [(CH3)3SiOSi(CH3)2]2O. This 2D INEPT DQF COSY experiment was then used to investigate the nature and the structure of the polymers which are formed in the early stages of the condensation reaction of diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS) in a DEDMS–water mixture containing a small amount of water at low pH (1.0).


The historical aspects of energy resources and their development are assessed with prospects for planning the future economic development. (PSB)


Banking trojan malware focuses on stealing credentials for financial services. A common technique used to facilitate this theft is web injection. Web injects work by modifying web page code or intercepting user input within a browser. Multiple papers in the literature discuss web injects and banking trojan malware; however, this paper extends the existing literature by answering key questions related to web inject usage in banking trojan malware.Specifically, this paper systematically analyzes the available literature to describe which threat actors use banking trojans, identify the malware families employing web injects, enumerate web injection techniques, and define the victims of banking trojans. To answer these questions, a 3-phase systematic literature review was conducted. In total 258 articles were reviewed and analyzed using a custom classification schema. The analysis revealed that web injects in banking malware trojans are a large threat in the cyber landscape.


We develop and calibrate a realistic model flame for hydrodynamic simulations of deflagrations in white dwarf (Type Ia) supernovae. Our flame model builds on the advection-diffusion-reaction model of Khokhlov and includes electron screening and Coulomb corrections to the equation of state in a self-consistent way. We calibrate this model flame—its energetics and timescales for energy release and neutronization—with self-heating reaction network calculations that include both these Coulomb effects and up-to-date weak interactions. The burned material evolves postflame due to both weak interactions and hydrodynamic changes in density and temperature. We develop a scheme to follow the evolution, including neutronization, of the NSE state subsequent to the passage of the flame front. As a result, our model flame is suitable for deflagration simulations over a wide range of initial central densities and can track the temperature and electron fraction of the burned material through the explosion and into the expansion of the ejecta.


Let be the dual of the Schwartz spaces ), A be a self-adjoint operator in and be the adjoint operator of which is the second quantization operator of A. It is proven that under a suitable condition on A there exists a nuclear subspace of a fundamental space of Hida's type on ) such that and , which enables us to show that a stochastic differential equation: , arising from the central limit theorem for spatially extended neurons has an unique solution on the dual space of .