TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION II. ENCRYPTION III. DOCUMENT PROTECTION AND THE ACT OF PRODUCTION DOCTRINE A. The Doctrine Today B. Encryption Does Not Fit Neatly into the Act of Production Doctrine C. The Future of Encryption Analyzed Under Document Production: Government "Hover" Orders IV. FINDING THE FIFTH AMENDMENT BALANCE A. Balancing the Purposes and Practical Realities of the Fifth Amendment Privilege B. A Responsible Decryption Policy V. CONCLUSION I. INTRODUCTION In late December 2006, Sebastien Boucher crossed into Vermont from Canada. (1) At the border, customs officials inspected Boucher's car and found a laptop in the back seat. (2) A customs agent accessed the computer without entering a password and initiated a search for media files; the query returned tens of thousands of images. (3) Later, a special agent continuing the investigation found "thousands of images of adult pornography and animation depicting adult and child pornography." (4) At this point, Boucher was detained, read his Miranda rights, and questioned by the agents. (5) At their request, Boucher showed the investigators where his downloaded files were located on the laptop. (6) The agents did not see Boucher enter any password in order to access the files, which were maintained on a hard drive designated as drive. (7) After the agents found several pornographic images and videos of children, they seized the laptop and arrested Boucher. (8) Several days later, officers accessed the laptop and created a mirror image of the hard drive, yet they were unable to access drive Z because it was protected by an encryption algorithm. (9) An agent versed in computer forensics examined the drive and later testified that it would be virtually impossible to access the files, (10) as it would take years to unlock the drive without a password. (11) The grand jury subpoenaed Boucher, demanding that he "provide all documents, whether in electronic or paper form, reflecting any passwords used or associated with the [computer in question]." (12) Boucher resisted the subpoena, stating that it violated his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. (13) Initially, Magistrate Judge Niedermeier found that forcing Boucher to disclose the password would effectively compel him to testify against himself (14) and quashed the subpoena. (15) Although Chief Judge Sessions later overturned that decision, (16) the original order would have left law enforcement agents unable to catalogue or present as evidence the illegal pornography they knew Boucher possessed. (17) Boucher is hardly the first time the government has grappled with the seemingly modern issue of data encryption. In 1776, then General George Washington discovered his Chief of Hospitals was sending coded letters to the British concerning the colonial army's supply levels and troop movements. (18) During Aaron Burr's trial for treason in the early 1800s, prosecutors requested that his secretary decipher Burr's personal correspondence, only to have the secretary refuse on Fifth Amendment grounds. (19) However, in each of these cases the government was able to recover the sought-after information simply by breaking the encryption code. (20) Today, the widespread availability of powerful encryption software guarantees that law enforcement will increasingly confront this problem without the ability to break the code in a reasonable amount of time. Although Chief Judge Sessions permitted law enforcement access to the encrypted files, his ruling depended largely on the fact that Boucher had already voluntarily provided agents with access. (21) Absent this fact, law enforcement would be left facing practically unbreakable encryption with no reasonable recourse to secure important evidence. (22) This Note argues that the magistrate judge's analysis in Boucher I mischaracterizes the encryption issue. …


Abstract Appropriate regulations are fundamental to effective protection for occupational health and safety. This paper examines the process by which regulations are written and adopted. Ideally, a body of reliable scientific evidence would point to the need for regulation. A body of health and safety experts can examine the data and prepare regulatory language for implementation by the appropriate body. Normally, a consultative body of experts from management, government, labour and academia oversees this process. Ultimately, senior decision makers determine the regulation to be adopted. Experience with ergonomic regulations in the US and Canada show that this linear process can be interrupted at many points. In the US, no national ergonomic regulations exist after decades of effort offset by political intervention, while in British Columbia the adoption took years to achieve. The parties' health and safety experts are crucial. They must understand the problems of regulation and enjoy the confidence of senior officials in their organizations to offset political opposition.


High efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) uses advanced compression techniques that H.264/AVC don't use. These algorithmic techniques achieve about 50 percent of average bit-rate reduction compared to H.264/AVC. In this paper, we present the low complexity HEVC decoder structure suitable for our HEVC encoder. The proposed slim - HEVC decoder is compliant with HM 10.0 which is developed during standardization of HEVC. Our decoder is composed of Context-based adaptive binary arithmetic (CABAC), inverse quantization block, inverse transform block, Motion Compensation (MC), De-blocking Filter.


Context: Studies comparing the efficacy of expectant management (EM) and immediate delivery (ID) in the management of women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) between 34 and 35+6 weeks have not been done in a developing country. Although large multicentric studies show better outcomes with EM, the economic implications have not been studied. Aims: This study compared women with PPROM between 34 and 35+6 weeks, managed expectantly with women who were delivered immediately. Settings and Design: Large tertiary center and retrospective cohort. Methods and Materials: Data of 206 women with PPROM between 34 and 35+6 weeks managed with immediate delivery in the years 2014 and 2015 were compared with seventy-five women with PPROM managed expectantly in the years 2016 and 2017. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was summarized using mean standard deviation (SD) or median interquartile range for continuous variables and frequency and percentage for categorical variables. Continuous variables were compared using independent t-test and categorical variables were compared using Chi-square statistics. Results: Neonatal sepsis was seen in 1/75 (1.3%) in the group managed expectantly and 12/206 (5.8%) in the ID group (P = 0.109). Respiratory distress was seen in 3/75 (4%) in the group managed expectantly and 22/206 (10.7%) with ID (P = 0.08). Chorioamnionitis was similar in both groups. Cesarean rate was 17.3% with expectant management and 28% with ID (P = 0.065). The mean hospital bill was ₹.33,494/- in the ED group and ₹.27,079/- in the ID group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Expectant management was more expensive.


Most people, I suppose, have wished at some time in their lives that, having a burning desire to get something off their chest, they had a captive audience with no chance of escape and no right to answer back. The Presidency of this Institution provides the President not only the great honour of representing for a year the mechanical engineering profession but also gives him just such a captive audience. But I have to admit to a certain diffidence now that I am facing you all. Having so often felt an urge to get many things off my chest, I now find it is much more difficult than I had thought. We have come to expect from the President both some insight into what brought him to this important responsibility and also a profession of faith or at least an apologia for what he did or did not do in his engineering career.


The methodological question in Agrarian Geography is part of the general theoretical and conceptual problematic in Geography as a whole but also involves parameters specific to agriculture as an extensive activity determined by farmer decision-making as a point-focussed process rather than a spatial process. An important theorical contribution to Agrarian Geography is a more complete view of countryside-city relationships which goes beyond a simplistic mercantil interpretation and examines the mutual and reciprocal perceptions of rural and urban communities of one another. By so examining the different images and values employed by country and city people in their different perceptions of the world one can better comprehend what agrarian means in Geography.


cases applying for mental care differed from that shown by the cases recorded in the asociality registers. Differences that were nearly significant could be established for symptoms of inhibition and depression (girls only), relationship difficulties (boys only), and hyperactivity (both boys and girls). Asociality symptoms were unusual in the cases recorded in the Mental Register. Symptoms of reading and writing problems occurred numerically more often among the unregistered boys than among the boys recorded in the Mental Register. The frequencies found for the cases who had appiied for care during the observation period as child psychiatric cases only and not as adult psychiatric cases, were at a level between those found for the unregistered cases and those found for the mental register cases. This applied to both boys and girls. This can in all probability be explained by the fact that the group, which was composed entirely of patients from the lowest age groups, contained not only cases with specialized and transient child psychiatric problems but also mentally deficient cases who, because of the shortness of the observation period at the time in question, had not yet become eligible for psychiatric care and, as a consequence, registered in the Mental Register.


Anoxic marine microbe communities from the Eastern Tropical North Pacific were analyzed using culture-independent molecular methods. Community composition and associations were determined with pyrosequencing and phylotype analysis, followed by species distribution modeling and exploratory statistics. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to quantify activity and distribution of key sulfur- and nitrogen-cycling groups within the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Strong correlations were found between putative sulfur-oxidizing groups and known nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Quantitative PCR assays confirmed the activity of sulfate- reducing genes, strong evidence for cryptic sulfur cycling.


The durability of concrete slabs strengthened by bonded composite materials has been investigated in the framework of an international cooperation between two French and Japanese research institutes. Time evolution of the concrete/composite adhesive bond strength was studied under both controlled and environmental ageing conditions, by using different mechanical characterization methods. The first results of this ongoing experimental campaign are presented.


The study of hemorheology is of great significance in the area of medical research. The present study was carried out to investigate the association of hemorheological properties including blood viscosity, hematocrit, fibrinogen concentration, RBC aggregation and deformability with atherosclerosis risk factors such as diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia. The patients (n=97) presenting with risk factors of atherosclerosis were 49.54±1.42 years, had BMI 30.98±0.65 kg/m 2 , with lipid measures as total cholesterol (TC) 258.92±4.16 mg/dl, triglyceride (TG) 231.07±6.24 mg/dl, HDL 33.37±1.64, LDL 180.46±4.47 mg/dl, VLDL 47.04±1.66 mg/dl, fasting sugar (FS) 193.33±7.67 mg/dl which, except the age, were significantly (p<0.0001) higher than the controls; the viscosity (Visc), hematocrit (Hct), fibrinogen (Fib), yield shear stress (YSS), shear rate (SR), rouleax formation intensity (RFI), and filterability index (FI) respectively were 4.84±0.06 cP, 48±0.37%, 0.47±0.005 g/dl, 0.23±0.007 dynes/cm 2 , 0.046±0.001 s -1 , 1.76±0.08, 1.10±0.009%, (p<0.0001), where the values were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Diabetic, obese and hyperlipidemic men had significantly higher TC, TG, VLDL, Hct, Vis, YSS and FI compared to their female counterparts. The YSS was found to increase rapidly with increase in Hct, SR, RFI and FI in atherosclerosis. There was significant association between diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia with hemorheological alterations in atherosclerosis and between FS, BMI, lipid profile with hemorheological parameters in controls. Hyperviscosity was significantly associated with low levels of HDL cholesterol with concomitant hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyperfibrogenemia in atherosclerosis. The alterations in the flow behavior property of blood is an important factor in the development of atherosclerosis.


Objective To study the accidental death level,cause,distributional,characteristic and tendency,and provide scientific basis for prevention and controlment.Methods Siglificance test of linear regression in 2*C table and epidemiology method were used to study the trend of the mortality and YPLL rate.Results The mortality rate of accidental injury in ten years was 84 81/10 5,lower than respiratory disease,cancer and circulation system disease,ranked the fourth among all death causes.While the YPLL of accidental injury was the first rank.The mortality rate of accidental injury death rate was on the decrease(p0 01).The SMR(84 96/10 5)was higher than the whole country(65 24/10 5)and the whole countryside(72 10/10 5).YPLL rate declined remarkedly(P0 01).Both its range and speed exceeded the level of the mortality declined.Conclusion The death caused by accidental injury was the key cause that affected people's health,but it had smaller effect on life lost.


PREVIOUS AIEE REPORTS covered the performance, operation, and maintenance of shunt capacitors.1,2 These reports contained little information about capacitor switching. In recent years, the use of switched capacitors has increased. This report has been formulated to provide a resume of existing literature and known experience concerning the factors to be considered in such applications.


Prior authorization (PA) and step therapy (ST) are utilization management tools that have been in use by managed care organizations for decades. These processes require that health care providers obtain advanced approval to qualify a specific product for coverage from a health plan before it is delivered to the patient. These tools are intended to ensure that patients have access to evidence-based medications while payers remain good stewards of limited health care resources. PA and ST are growing in use to support appropriate use of medications and manage associated costs but may pose challenges related to administrative burden and access to care. In June 2019, the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP) conducted a multistakeholder forum to identify processes for optimizing PA and ST utilization management programs. Health care leaders representing academia, health plans, integrated delivery systems, pharmacy benefit managers, employers, federal government agencies, national health care provider organizations, and patient advocacy organizations participated in the forum. Participants explored current operations of these programs, evaluated stakeholder perspectives on opportunities to improve these programs, and provided recommendations for next steps. They also reviewed current federal and state legislative and regulatory activities to reform PA and ST processes and offered guidance to support program improvements. The goal of the forum was to gather stakeholder input to inform the development of recommendations to improve efficiencies around PA and ST processes; provide recommendations to address administrative burdens; increase the visibility of the clinical and economic value of PA and ST utilization management programs; collect, review, and disseminate data-driven, real-world experiences of PA programs that support clinical and economic value; collect and disseminate best practices around PA appeals and denial processes; and improve channels of communications between health insurance providers, health care professionals, and patients to minimize care delays and improve clarity of coverage authorization requirements.


The invention discloses voriconazole eye drops. Every 1000 milliliters of eye drops contain 3-50g of voriconazole powder, 20-500g of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, 0.1-0.3g of bacteriostat, 0.5-2.5g of sodium hyaluronate and the balance of water for injection, wherein the bacteriostat is benzalkonium chloride, benzalkonium bromine or ethylparaben. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the voriconazole eye drops. The invention greatly increases the solubility of voriconazole in water to 0.3-5%, so that the medicine can exist in water solution in the form of molecules, thereby providing convenience for exerting the antifungal action of the medicine. Meanwhile, when being applied to eyes, the invention provides convenience for exerting the antifungal action of the medicine through cornea. The preparation method can be carried out at room temperature without affecting the medicine stability, and has the advantages of simple and easy realization and low cost.


Milan assoiling promulgated by Constantine and Leesini marked the change of the attitude of the Roman Empire to Christianity.It also showed that the prop up and protection to the Christianity from Constantine extended from the west to the east of the empire.Nisia meeting found the base of the church by unifying the doxy.The policy concerning Christianity was the organic combination of the religious experience and the political motivation.


Abstract CaSiO3 is one of the bioactive calcium silicate materials and known as wollastonite. Herewith, for the first time, we have employed sol–gel combustion method to synthesize Ag-doped CaSiO3 using glycine as a fuel. The sintered powders were characterized by ATR-FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis which proved the existence of characteristic functional groups, pure phase formation and flakes, dense morphology with agglomeration, respectively. TEM-SAED analysis confirms that particles are in nano regime with crystalline nature. SBF immersion reveals that pure and Ag-doped CaSiO3 exhibit the good apatite layer formation for 7 and 14 days. Pure and Ag-doped CaSiO3 were evaluated for their antibacterial behaviour against E. coli and S. aureus which reflects the excellent inhibition of microorganisms. MTT assay proves that the prepared 5 wt-% of Ag-doped CaSiO3 exhibits the excellent cellular metabolic activity with MG-63 cells at different concentrations (50–250 μg ml−1) for 24–48 h.


Mobile nursing information system is the rapid development and new technology in recent years. The nurses apply this system most directly and are the majority of the group. But the application process is influenced by many factors. This paper reviewed the factors that influence nurses' use of mobile nursing information system in order to smooth the use of mobile healthcare information system and to provide a reference for continuing development.


This study was carried out to investigate arsenic removing efficiency of different indigenous materials. The materials used were including bauxite, plaster of paris, alum, activated alumina, limestone, and plastic clay. Different ratios of these raw materials were grinded, mixed thoroughly in a motor and enough water was added to the mixture to form thick slurry. The mixture is preferably calcined and is reafter converted into granular form. Removal of as from the aqueous system is readily accomplished by contacting the aqueous system with the media until the arsenic is substantially removed from the aqueous solution and their efficiency towards removal of arsenic from water was studied through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It was found that when these materials were used individually the results showed that bauxite removed 97.5% arsenic from standard solution, alum individually removed 37%, plaster of paris 72.8%, Activated Alumina (AA) removed 40% arsenic from standard solution and plastic clay did not show any affiliation for adsorption of arsenic. It had only 2% removal efficiency when used alone. Lime is quite effective for arsenic removal. It has 99 % efficiency for arsenic removal. Different media were developed after mixing the above said indigenous materials in different ratios. These different media showed different removal efficiencies. After conducting several experiments, it was concluded that the media developed after mixing of limestone, bauxite and plastic clay (1:1:1) showed maximum (100%) removal of arsenic from drinking water. It is an excellent media in terms of adsorbing and removal of arsenic.


Carbon monoxide (CO) observations show a luminosity−line width correlation that evolves with redshift. We present a method to use CO measurements alone to infer the molecular gas fraction (fmol) and constrain the CO−H2 conversion factor (αCO). We compile from the literature spatially integrated low-J CO observations of six galaxy populations, including a total of 449 galaxies between 0.01 ≤ z ≤ 3.26. The CO data of each population provide an estimate of the -normalized mean molecular gas fraction (fmol/αCO). The redshift evolution of the luminosity−line width correlation thus indicates an evolution of fmol/αCO. We use a Bayesian-based Monte Carlo Markov Chain sampler to derive the posterior probability distribution functions of fmol/αCO for these galaxy populations, accounting for random inclination angles and measurement errors in the likelihood function. We find that the molecular gas fraction evolves rapidly with redshift, with β ≃ 2, for both normal star-forming and starburst galaxies. Furthermore, the evolution trend agrees well with that inferred from the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation and the star-forming main sequence. Finally, at z < 0.1 normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs) require a ∼5× larger αCO than starburst galaxies to match their molecular gas fractions, but at z > 1 both star-forming types exhibit sub-Galactic αCO values and normal SFGs appear more gas rich than starbursts. Future applications of this method include calibrating Tully–Fisher relations without inclination correction and inferring the evolution of the atomic gas fraction with H i observations.


As the most important financial decision in listed companies,over-investment and under-investment both disturb the realization of corporate valuation.For the Chinese state-owned listed companies,soft budget constraints arising from government,bank and insiders are both the causes of inefficient investment.Empirical analysis results show that:on one hand,soft budget constraint from direct government intervention and insider control are the direct causes of over-investment in state-owned listed companies;on the other hand,finance development level and direct government subsidy have no effect on the possibility of over-investment in state-owned listed companies.


PURPOSE:To provide a process in which the mol.wt., viscosity, thermal transition point, alkoxyl group content, etc., of the alkoxylated silicone resin can easily be controlled. CONSTITUTION:An alkoxysilane represented by the formula R4aSi(OR )4-a or a partial hydrolyzate thereof is added under anhydrous conditions to one member selected from the group consisting of: an organopolysiloxane (a) composed of a siloxane unit represented by the formula R SiO3/2; a mixture of the compound (a) and an organopolysiloxane (b) composed of a siloxane unit represented by the formula R R SiO; an organopolysiloxane (c) composed of siloxane units represented by the formulae R SiO3/2 and R R SiO; a mixture of the compounds (a) and (c); a mixture of the compounds (b) and (c); and a mixture of the compounds (a), (b), and (c). The resulting mixture is heated in the presence of a basic catalyst to react the reactants, thereby giving an alkoxylated silicone resin.


The goal of artificial general intelligence (AGI) is the development and demonstration of systems that exhibit the broad range of general intelligence found in humans. The key issue underlying the achievement of AGI is the effective modeling of the mind, which may be considered the focus of an interdisciplinary subject of "intelligence science". First I outline an attempt at a comprehensive mind model, the Consciousness And Memory model (CAM). Then I talk about the computational model of memory in CAM, including working memory, semantic memory, episodic memory and procedural memory. All of these models are described by dynamic description logic (DDL), which is a formal logic with the capability for description and reasoning regarding dynamic application domains characterized by actions. The directions for further researches on CAM will be pointed out and discussed. Bio-Sketch: Zhongzhi Shi is a professor at the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, leading the Intelligence Science Laboratory. His research interests include intelligence science, cognitive science, machine learning, multi-agent systems, semantic Web and service computing. Professor Shi has published 14 monographs, 15 books and more than 450 research papers in journals and conferences. He has won a 2nd-Grade National Award at Science and Technology Progress of China in 2002, two 2nd-Grade Awards at Science and Technology Progress of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1998 and 2001, respectively. He is a fellow of CCF and CAAI, senior member of IEEE, member of AAAI and ACM, Chair for the WG 12.2 of IFIP. He serves as Editor in Chief of Series on Intelligence Science. Acknowledgement: This work is supported by National Basic Research Priorities Programme (No. 2013CB329502), National Science Foundation of China (No. 61035003 , 60933004), National High-tech R&D Program of China (No.2012AA011003). Specifying Modalities in the MGLAIR


I N Rabelais' day, and for long before, and, also, for a very considerable time after, all terrestrial matter was held to be composed of four elements, earth, air, fire and water. As regards t universe, a fifth element, spiritual in its nature, was assumed, which was called the quinte or fifth essence. This quintessence was supposed to be the ethereal substance of which the stars were composed. The domain of this quinta essencia was gradually extended so that it was thought to permeate all things, and, therefore, it bore a remote resemblance to the luminiferous ether of the modern physicists. This essence, or essential part or soul of things became an object for investigation by the alchemists, who imagined that by clearing away the gross body of the elements they could arrive at the spiritual core or substance. With its original meaning either neglected or forgotten, and the word now only employed to indicate either extreme or ridicuIous refinement, it is difficult for us to appreciate the preponderating influence the idea it once represented had in science and philosophy. The subject is mentioned several times by Rabelais, and always in his mocking manner. Quintessence is mentioned at the very beginning of the first book, as, instead of giving his own name, Rabelais styles himself Master Alcofribas Nasier, Abstractor of the Quintessence, and he again alludes to himself as M. Abstractor, on whom Panurge calls for aid in the great storm at sea.1 Again, in the exquisite bargaining between Panurge and Dindenault in the matter of sheep, Dindenault in enumerating the excellencies of his sheep, says that the


) The kinetics of the oxidation of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGE) by ditelluratocuprate? complex (DTC) was studied in alkaline medium with spectrophotometry. The reaction rate showed pseudo first order dependence in oxdation and fractional order in EGE.It was found that the pseudo first order(under the condition:) rate constants kobs increased with the increase in and decrease in . There is a negative salt effect. A mechanism involving a preequilibrium of a adduct formation between the complex and EGE was proposed. The rate equation derived from the mechanism can explain all the experimental results. The activation parameters along with the rate constants of the rate determining step were calculated.


The effect of head rotation on median plane sound source (or image) localization is studied. It is suggested that, at low frequency, the change of interaural time difference (ITD) caused by head rotation supplies information for determining sound source direction in the median plane. Based on the suggestion, the summed sound image localization equations for multiple loudspeakers arranged in the median plane are derived. Especially, for a pair of loudspeakers arranged front-back symmetrically in the median plane, the localization equations are similar to that of stereophonic sound in horizontal plane. A sound image localization experiment was carried out to prove the theoretical analysis. The results of this paper are not only available to virtual spatial auditory, but also supply a quantitative validation of the hypothesis that head rotation is a cue for sound source localization in the median plane at low frequency.


The objective of this work was to develop an adsorption resin for removing aromatic acid contaminations of aqueous environment.The macroporous polydivinylbenzene/poly(methyl acrylate) interpenetrating polymer network was prepared by sequential suspension polymerization method;it was then converted to the hydrophobic-hydrophilic macroporous polydivinylbenzene/poly(N-2-aminoethylacrylamide) interpenetrating polymer network(PDVB/PNAEAM IPN) by aminolysis with ethylenediamine.The hydrophobic PDVB part in PDVB/PNAEAM IPN resin has the ability of adsorption through hydrophobic interaction;on the other hand the hydrophilic PNAEAM part has the ability of adsorption by means of hydrogen bonding.For the adsorption studies salicylic acid was chosen as the representative of aromatic acids,because there is a hydrophobic benzene ring and a hydrophilic hydroxyl group in the molecule.The pore structure,the weak base exchange capacity,the water retention capacity and the swelling ratio of PDVB/PNAEAM IPN resin were measured.The adsorption isotherms of salicylic acid at different temperatures were studied.Isothermal adsorption enthalpy,Gibbs free energy and entropy were calculated according to thermodynamic equations.The saturated adsorption capacity for salicylic acid was up to 46.1 mg/mL(wet resin) according to the dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments.The resin can be regenerated by 4% NaOH.The results of adsorption for salicylic acid indicate that the PDVB/PNAEAM IPN resin may have a promising prospect in separating aromatic acid from waste water in industry.


Objectives The aim of the study is to refine the calculation of wooden constructions, in particular, to use variable elastic modulus  for the calculation of the second group of the limiting state in order to predict the deformations more accurately. Methods The study is carried out using the method of creep  consideration based on the use of either variable elastic modulus or  the "modulus of total deformations" for the calculations. These  moduli, besides the elastic, account for residual deformations, while  the fraction of the latter increases with increasing stress levels in the wooden elements. Results The calculation of statically indeterminate spatial timber-metallic lenticular block-truss loaded with a uniformly distributed  load is carried out. At the first stage, the construction was calculated using the elastic modulus of all wooden elements E =  10000 MPa in accordance with the set of rules (SP 64.13330.2011  (updated version of SNiP II-25-80). At the second stage, the elastic  modulus was replaced by variable, i.e., matched to the level of  stresses in the elements by means of interpolation. The obtained  deflection values are analysed and compared to the construction  limiting value. The study was conducted without taking into account the flexibility of node connections and defects of the wood, which  can also have a significant effect on the deflection value. Conclusion The use of a variable elastic modulus for calculations  significantly influences the magnitude of deformations (in our case,  deflections are increased by 30%). The study confirms the need to  take into account the creep of wood and refine the calculations of  wooden structures. Such approximating dependence at different moisture levels of wood will allow the calculation of wooden  structures to be performed at a higher theoretical level.


This survey is concerned with the distribution of non-teaching assistance and staff support in chemistry departments and its relationship to the size of department and nature of the institution.


In tropical areas, annual rainfall and predation have been reported to drive population dynamics of most species of large herbivores studied so far, with little direct empirical evidence for density-dependent responses of life-history traits. We here investigated in a game ranch in Zimbabwe density-dependent responses of body condition and recruitment in an impala (Aepyceros melampus (Lichtenstein, 1812)) population that underwent an experimental drastic reduction of density within 2 years under similar rainfall and predation pressure. Body condition of all sex and age classes was lower during the high-density year than during the low-density year, suggesting increased competition for restricted resources at high density. In addition, we observed a significant increase in population recruitment (from 0.47 to 0.80 juveniles/female) as population density declined. Our study provides a rare example of a direct density-dependent response of body condition at the individual level in a tropical ungulate species...


The blazar 3C 279 is one of the strongest extragalactic sources of γ -rays, and is also one of the best studied superluminal radio sources. Definitive testing of models of the broad-band spectral energy distribution, especially in the X-ray and γ -ray regions requires knowledge of the evolution of the spectrum with time. Within the context of the relativistic jet model, multi-wavelength monitoring of the parsec-scale radio jet is also required. We present here the first steps toward such a test, using extensive VLBI monitoring over a 13 year interval at 22 GHz, and γ -ray observations between 1991 and 1996.


Needham problem' is a question about Chinese modern science and technology put forward by British famous scientist and science historian Joseph Needham in 1964. There are various expressions about this problem, among which it is generally accepted that in the long history from the first century BC to the fourteenth century AD, China was far ahead of other countries in the world in terms of science and technology, but why did the scientific and technological revolution of modern history not take place in China? The Needham problem has high academic value and practical significance. This paper will further analyze and discuss the Needham problem and its


Marx develops two alternative theories of the employment contract: one treats it as an agreement of commodity exchange, and one as a relational arrangement. In the former theory Marx introduces the notion of 'labour power' as a physical stock of labour capacity. Then he argues that the worker, in exchange for a wage, sells a flow of labour whose use-value consists in the capacity to produce value. He calls this flow "abstract labour" and regards it as a "natural" abstraction, i.e. as an objective good which can be bought in the market as a commodity and used in a factory as a productive force. Exploitation emerges because the value of the flow of labour power is lower than the value-creating capacity of abstract labour. The theory produces various inconveniences, for example: an essentialist theory of value; a notion of value which makes it insensitive to changes in income distribution; and the transformation problem. Its origin, contrary to common opinion, is not just Ricardian. Saint-Simon's propensity to treat labour as a productive force had some influence on Marx's theory of abstract labour as a value-creating power. Hegel's influence is still more important. Marx, in fact, tries to justify the 'natural' character of labour abstraction by resorting to Hegel's doctrine of the 'posited presuppositions', by which a universal and abstract category effectively generates (posits) the empirical phenomena in which it shows itself. On the other hand this way of treating wage labour clearly originates from Hegel's propensity to reduce the employment contract to a contracts for services. In the second theory the employment contract does not consist of an exchange of commodities. Rather it is seen as an institution shaping the conditions for a formal subsumption of labour under capital. This kind of subsumption entails a relation of real subordination of the worker to the capitalist in the production process. Now wage labour is treated as a real abstraction not in a natural sense but only in a historical sense, i.e. as an effectual institution which is typical of capitalist social relations. Exploitation is seen as based on the power relationship by which the capitalists use labour activity in the production process. The theory is not fully elaborated by Marx, but is developed well enough to make it the earliest anticipation of the modern theory of the employment contract as an institution which generates an authority relationship. Furthermore, it is not exposed to criticisms of essentialism and hypostatisation, whilst it is apt to uphold a consistent and enlightening theory of value and exploitation


Electromagnetic tomography (EMT) is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It can pick up bot conductivity and magnetic distribution information at the same time. In this paper, the author studies the fundamentals of EMT in details, and studies forward problem and inverse problem of EMT by the way of simulation for application. The reconstructed images are accorded to corresponding true image, so the simulation is successful. It affords a feasible way for the research of electromagnetic tomography in a certain extent.


Recently, we have developed a digital whole-body PET scanner based on multi-voltage threshold (MVT) digitizers. To mitigate the impact of resolution degrading factors, an accurate system response is calculated by Monte Carlo simulation, which is computationally expensive. To address the problem, here we improve the method of using symmetries by simulating an axial wedge region. This approach takes full advantage of intrinsic symmetries in the cylindrical PET system without significantly increasing the computation cost in the process of symmetries. A total of 4224 symmetries are exploited. It took 17 days to generate the system maxtrix on 160 cores of Xeon 2.5 GHz. Both simulation and experimental data are used to evaluate the accuracy of system response modeling. The simulation studies show the full-width-half-maximum of a line source being 2.1 mm and 3.8 mm at the center of FOV and 200 mm at the center of FOV. Experimental results show the 2.4 mm rods in the Derenzo phantom image, which can be well distinguished.


The present article is an analysis of Brazilian nuclear diplomacy and of the international relevance of the national nuclear program adopted during the two Presidential terms of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. Particular attention will be given to the Brazilian position in the agreement on nuclear non-proliferation, to the role of mediation between Iran and the nuclear powers, and finally to the national ambitions concerning the industrial and military uses of the nuclear technologies.


Carbon nanotubes array was prepared by template synthesis technique. The anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane,which has uniform and straight channels with diameter of 200?nm, was used as template. Acrylonitrile monomer was introduced through negative pressure and in situ polymerized in the channels of template. The template with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in its channels was treated at 750?℃ in N_2 to obtain carbon nanotubes. The structure and morphology of PAN nanotubes and carbon nanotubes were characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. The results showed that the diameter of nanotubes is same as the pore diameter of template channel, nanotubes can form a regular array, the crystal degree of carbon nanotubes is high and carbon nanotubes possess especial "bamboo-like" structure. The formation of "bamboo-like" structure is due to the fact is that PAN nanotubes can be decompounded to oil-like substance, which block the nanotubes and carbonized to form "bamboo-like" structure at high temperature.


The effect of low temperature stress on physiological indicators of Elytrigia intermedia,Leymus chinensis and Elymus sibiricus were studied.The results indicated that with the temperature declining and stress time prolonging,the content of chlorophyll declined,the rate of cell injury and free proline content in Elytrigia intermedia,Leymus chinensis and Elymus sibiricus increased.The cell injury rate of Elytrigia intermedia was the least,the decreasing scope of chlorophyll content of Elytrigia intermedia was also the least,free proline content of Elytrigia intermedia was dramatically increased.but Elymus sibiricus is adverse to Elytrigia intermedia.Free proline content in three grasses was positively correlated to injury rate,they were negatively correlated with chlorophyll content.


We introduce Legendre sequences and generalised Legendre pairs (G L pairs). We show how to construct an Hadamard matrix of order 2£ + 2 from a GL-pair of length f. We review the known constructions for GL pairs and use the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and power spectral density (PSD) to enable an exhaustive search for GL-pairs for lengths f ::::; 47 and partial searches for other f,


The possibility of wiping random noise off the sound signal andalgorithm of filter noise in time domain is given. After comparing the fixed filterwith adaptive filter at the way of filtering noise in time domain, LMS adaptive filter methodis given. The getting way of optimum filtering factor and choice of filtering parameters are studied. The good result is obtained by the least calculation quantity.


Cytologic reports from aspiration biopsy in 1000 salivary gland lesions have been compared with clinical and histological observations.The cytologic reports on the aspirated material yielded a positive tumour diagnosis in roughly 92% of the cases with histologically verified tumours. In addition to simple confirmation of tumour presence information concerning the histologic type of tumour was obtained in about 70% of the material. The main reason for this lower figure was difficulty in recognizing cystadenolymphoma and the malignant variants of the salivary gland tumours. After a morphologic study of smears from cystadenolymphoma we have been able to increase our accuracy in diagnosing this type of tumour. The possibility of recognition of the malignant salivary gland tumours by cytologic technique is discussed.


, the ratio of atomic fractions of the two boron isotopes with mass of 11 and 10, only a few values are greater than 4.4, which is due to either the inaccuracy of measurement or the uncorrection for the mass discrimination in the mass spectrometric analysis.


The safety of laparoscopic surgery for early stage ovarian cancer remains uncertain, and laparotomy is recommended. We examined a case in which laparoscopic surgery was performed before the first laparotomy for ovarian cancer unexpectedly, and ovarian cancer metastasis occurred at the port site and the circumference. A 48-year-old woman with left ovarian cancer was scheduled to undergo surgery, but acute cholecystitis developed, and an emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. On the fifteenth postoperative day, because of acute abdomen and suspected ovarian tumor rupture, total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omental biopsy laparotomy were performed. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was endometrial carcinoma with clear cell carcinoma, FIGO stage IC 2 (pT1c2pNXpM0). On the fifty-sixth day after laparotomy, a 10 mm sized tumor was found under the skin at the port site. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, a mass in the porta hepatis, the S4/5 region of the liver, and enlarged lymph nodes in the left external iliac region. It was considered that the ovarian cancer rapidly revived, and debulking surgery was performed. Recurrence of ovarian carcinoma was confirmed by pathological results, including a port-site mass. It is not a typical dissemination of ovarian cancer, and laparoscopic surgery might have resulted in metastasis. It should be prudent for the adaptation of laparoscopic surgery, even if it is an operation for a benign disease in a case, in which ovarian cancer is suspected.


About 30 cases of primary granulomatous hypophysitis have been reported, one third of them being asymptomatic in terms of sellar disease.1 2 The aetiology is not understood. The adenohypophysis alone or the whole pituitary gland may be involved.2 3 Clinical manifestation of primary granulomatous hypophysitis comprises hypopituitarism and local mass effect. In no symptomatic case reported so far, was the diagnosis suspected before surgery. There is also no experience on preoperative anti-inflammatory high dose corticosteroid therapy for primary granulomatous hypophysitis (PGH).

Coronal (A, B) and sagittal (C, D) T1weighted MRI before (A, C) and after contrast (B, D). The pituitary is atrophic and the pituitary stalk grossly enlarged. The normal hyperintense signal of the posterior pituitary lobe on native T1weighted images is missing. After contrast the pituitary and the pituitary stalk are enhanced markedly and homogeneously.

An otherwise healthy 16 year old girl presented with harmonic dwarfism (body length 1.34 m, body weight 31 kg), pubertas tarda (stage B2P2), and longstanding diabetes insipidus. Dynamic assessment of the adenohypophysis by a combined releasing hormone test …


The first hospital wards in the United States devoted exclusively to the care of critically ill patients opened in 1958 at the University of Southern California Medical Center in Los Angeles and Baltimore City Hospital ([1][1]). Over the last 60 years, intensive care unit (ICU) services have become


A novel binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) demodulator architecture is presented. By using fully digital and trigger receiving method, the proposed demodulator can work properly at a wide speed range and hence can be applied in different applications such as wireless communications, biological implants and portable facilities, etc. The proposed demodulator was implemented by a 0.35-μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process and the chip area is about 0.5 mm2. Measurement results reveal that the proposed demodulator can successfully demodulate the 100 MHz/10 Mbps BPSK signal which is the highest performance. While when it is used to demodulate the lowest speed BPSK signal of 10 MHz/1.0 Mbps, the power consumption is only 319 μw, and the bit error rate (BER) is less than the low test bond (10–9). Measurement results also show that the designed demodulator can work at 100% data-rate-to-carrier-frequency (DRCF) ratio with the frequency up to 25 MHz.


This article tries to give a more or less comprehensive introduction to some of the most often used vocabulary tests in second language acquisition (SLA) field, with an aim to find out a way to analyze and categorize the numerous kinds of vocabulary tests, which are varied in form, claim, and perhaps even in nature. Read Chapelle made a first attempt to provide a framework for analyzing vocabulary tests.


International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net © Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net 78 Kouangbé Mani Adrien, Johnson Félicia, Boga Gogo Lucien, Bahi Calixte, N'guessan Jean David 1 Biochemical Pharmacodynamy Laboratory, Training and Research Unit of Bioscience, University of Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d'Ivoire. Zoological and Animal Biology Laboratory, Training and Research Unit of Biosciences, University of Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d'Ivoire. *Corresponding author's E-mail: email@example.com


concept as his TWO daimed dependent variables of perceived visibility and percdved quality (or percdved contribution to the fidcQ. That is, visibility and the belief that a person's work is inqmtant may be multiple aspects of the more general concept of 'sodal status (tf the sdentists'. Sirnilarly, the extent to which a person is dted may also be a referent of a person's status in the fidd. Thus, rather than being distinct variable-concepts, with dtadon rates cmutUfy visibility and percdved reputation, it is entirdy possible that all three are indicators of the single concept of SodaH status' of the scientist This possibility is not contradicted by Cole's data, in ttat ^cpiality' as measured by dtadon rate and ^)erodved quality' as memired by self-report are associated at the zero-order levd at 0.48 for the endre and 0.63 for the sociologists only. It is also possible that Cole's intervening and dependent variables are indeed conceptually disdna from each other but his dme-order assumpdoru are erroneous. Perhaps visibility ceaaaUy of^hoicw citation rates rather than (or in addition to) the reverse—it would be diflScult, for aample, to dte people one had never heard of, likewise


Water-soluble phenolic resin was synthesized via two-step alkaline catalytic reaction. The influences of synthesis process conditions on hydroxymethyl content of water-soluble phenolic resin molecular chain were also studied. The results show that the increase of formaldehyde dosage, as well as the increase of reaction temperature and reaction time, the content of hydromethyl in resin increased first, and then decreased. Without the addition of stabilizer, polymer weak gel for flooding was synthesized with HPAM crosslinked water-soluble phenolic resin. The performance analysis of the weak gel shows that the change of viscosity of weak gel corresponds to the change of the content of hydromethyl in resin. Phenolic resin with good water-solubility and strong reaction ability to HPAM was polymerized and the reaction conditions are as following: phenol and formaldehyde in mol ratio 1:2~1:3, in solution with pH= 9~10, under final condensed polymerization temperature 85°C and in condensed polymerization time 30 minutes.


This paper explores two different ways of understanding communities of practice in relation to workplace learning. This is based upon a case study of secondary school teachers working and learning in four subject departments in two English schools. In spite of institutional similarities, the cultures and working practices of the departments were different, and influenced the learning of the workers significantly. In such contexts, a tight conceptualisation of community of practice can form a valuable intermediate scale of analysis, between the individual learner and wider organisational influences on learning. However, communities of practice can also have a valuable meaning in relation to the wider influences and in situations where close-knit groupings do not exist.


Background: Lymphoma is one of the most common cancers in adolescent and young adults (AYA). Although histology, stage, age, and gender are known to affect outcome, little is known about nonbiological factors (NBF) that may affect access to care on survival.
 Objectives: To determine the impact of NBF in the survival of AYA with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL), and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).
 Design/Methods: The impact of NBF (insurance status, median household income, and educational achievement in the county of residence) along with biological factors (histology, stage, gender, age, and race/ethnicity) on survival of AYA lymphoma patients was analyzed using a SEER-18 (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) cohort diagnosed between 2007 and 2014.
 Results: There were 8,173 cases of cHL and 4,973 cases of NHL with a median follow-up of 44 months and 32 months, respectively. Five-year overall survival (OS) for AYA patients with localized cHL according to insurance status was 98% vs. 91% vs. 92% for insured, Medicaid, and uninsured patients, respectively (P < 0.001). The 5-year OS for advanced stage cHL was 91.5% vs. 85% vs. 85% for insured, Medicaid, and uninsured patients, respectively (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the increase risk of death was associated with Medicaid (HR 2.23, 95% C.I. 1.76-2.81), and uninsured (HR 1.88, 95% C.I. 1.38-2.55), after adjustment for age, gender, histology and stage (P<0.001). Five-year OS for AYA patients with localized NHL according to insurance status was 90% vs. 76.5% vs. 84.5% for insured, Medicaid, and uninsured patients, respectively (P < 0.001). The 5-year OS for advanced stage NHL was 76% vs. 57%, and 62% for insured, Medicaid, and uninsured patients, respectively (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the increased risk of death in AYA NHL was associated with Medicaid (HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.67-2.27), and uninsured (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.18-1.84) (P<0.001) and county level of income in the second (HR 1.33, 95% C.I. 1.07-2.64), third (HR 1.54, 95% C.I. 1.25-1.90), and forth (HR 1.57, 95% C.I. 1.27-1.93) (P< 0.001) lower quartiles (P<0.001), after adjustment for age, gender, histology, and stage.
 Conclusion: Lack of insurance or Medicaid insured status and lower income are associated with increased mortality in AYA lymphomas, indicating an opportunity to increase outcomes by addressing NBF.

 Costa: Karyopharm: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Sanofi: Honoraria; BMS: Research Funding.


In June 1790 the Second Fleet of convict transport ships arrived in New South Wales, after a five-month voyage from Great Britain. The horrific conditions suffered by the transportees, and its death rate of 26% would ensure that the fleet became notorious in the historical memory of colonial Australia. Nearly all observers were in agreement that one man in particular was to blame, the master of the Neptune, Donald Trail.
But who was Donald Trail? His reputation has long been cast as that of a brutal maritime villain, but curiously little has been known of his life before or after the fiasco of the Second Fleet. This dissertation seeks to redress this by presenting new primary research that will cast new light onto his character. He will be shown to be an individual with a broad range of motivations, whose life experiences can illuminate multiple historiographical fields, and call into question assertions previously made by historians about him.


The article analyzes how in Russia over the past hundred years there has been a change in the conceptual approaches of scientists to the study of economic management problems and how this shift correlates with the change in the state's economic policy. At the same time, the work of those well-known scientists who went to the synthesis of economic science with natural-scientific knowledge and sought to justify the need for a nature-friendly, rather than a nature-destructive economy, are analyzed. To implement today the transition to an economy capable of stopping the destruction of the biosphere that has developed over many billions of years, it is proposed to abandon the liberal-market economic theory and move on to the anthropo-cosmic worldview. The urgency of such a transition is determined by the fact that at present programs are being developed for the development of space resources without studying the environmental consequences that can become dangerous for the biosphere on Earth.


Abstract The study of some amitriptyline-dye systems was carried out in order to determine the best precipitate for the turbidimetric determination of amitriptyline using FIA. The reagent selected was bromocresol purple. The chemical and FIA variables were optimized. The calibration graph was linear over the concentration range 30.0–200.0 ppm of amitriptyline hydrochloride. Some interfering substances were also investigated.


The purposes of this study are to examine the relation between proactive personality and intention to leave a career and to test a boundary condition (i.e., career commitment) in which the effect does and does not hold. Participants consist of 1,527 full-time working adults from multiple organizations in the oil and gas industry. Results reveal a negative relation between proactive personality and intentions to leave a career that is moderated by career commitment. This finding suggests that career commitment may be an increasingly important construct to examine when considering various forms of turnover.


The use of non-volatile write caches is an effective technique to bridge the performance gap between I/O systems and processor speed. Using such caches provides two benefits: some writes will be avoided because dirty blocks will be overwritten in the cache, and physically contiguous dirty blocks can be grouped into a single I/O operation. We present a new block replacement policy that efficiently expels only blocks which are not likely to be accessed again and coalesces writes to disk. In a series of trace-based simulation experiments, we show that a modestly sized cache managed with our replacement policy can reduce the number of writes to disk by 75 percent and often did better. We also show that our new policy is more effective than block replacement policies that take advantage of either spatial locality or temporal locality, but not both.


The differential cross sections for 4.3 MeV neutrons elastically scattered from natural samples of U, Bi, and Pb have been measured at laboratory angles of 5, 10, and 15°. In the case of uranium, the data are consistent with calculations based on the nuclear optical model and known electromagnetic interactions. Less satisfactory agreement to the data is obtained in the cross section measurements for lead and bismuth.


This paper presents a non-contacting, bidirectional, half wave cavity based RF rotary joint. It is a through bore rotary joint, where two cavities (rotor cavity and stator cavity) placed at a distance and having hole (bore) at their centers are coupled though a coupling path formed by inner walls of the cavities and wall of the through bore. Quarter wave chokes are implemented between rotor and stator cavities at middle and top parts of cavities to make them short for RF and mechanically separate. Concept is implemented in the frequency band of 1025MHz-1095MHz using HFSS. Designed rotary joints have been realized and tested. Measured results are showing close agreement with simulation results.


The problems and inefficiency in accounting personnel management in Chinese multi-phase economic system are elaborated after an analysis of the history and current situations in accounting personnel management in China.New countermeasures such as `returning the accounting to the units' and `strengthening macroscopic supervision in finance' are proposed.


The performance models in the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), developed under NCHRP 1-37A and 1-40D, are calibrated with sections throughout the United States. Hence, it is necessary to calibrate these models for specific states and regional conditions because of the differences in materials, environmental conditions, and construction practices. In general, a pavement design based on the nationally calibrated MEPDG will result in either an overestimate or underestimate of the pavement layer thicknesses because of systematic errors arising from local differences. This deficiency calls for local calibration of the performance models in the MEPDG so that they can be used to design pavements at a regional level. The calibration procedure described in this paper concentrates on finding two bias correction factors for the asphalt concrete (AC) permanent deformation performance model after values derived from expert knowledge have been assumed for the subgrade permanent deformation calibration factors. Pavement data from the Texas Specific Pavement Study (SPS)-1 and SPS-3 experiments of the Long-Term Pavement Performance database were used to run the MEPDG and calibrate the guide to Texas conditions. The regional calibration factors were obtained by minimizing the sum of squared errors between the observed and predicted surface permanent deformation. In this case, a simultaneous joint optimization routine was applied because it was theoretically sound. Finally, an average of the regional calibration coefficients for AC and subgrade permanent deformation was computed to obtain the set of state-default calibration coefficients for Texas.


The article is dedicated to the analysis of the marketing methods which are applied in the activity of credit unions. The general procedure of attracting clients was described. The fundamental marketing methods of attracting clients are: seat attracting, off site attraction, quality research method, competition advantage, special-segment attracting, partnership cooperation, strategic attraction and sales network expansion. All methods were analysed according to the current situation on the domestic market of credit unions. The most proficient method of attracting clients is straight application to the audience. It was defined that client-oriented approach is the only way to reach the necessary amount of client group. Customer influence factors can be called an alternative method of attracting clients. The target customer must be disposed all the time and as well-being good serviced. The main advantages of foreign CU marketing policy were proposed to introduction in Ukraine. It was defined that the most stable method of attracting clients is address conclusion. The consolidation of all marketing methods in complex leads CU to successes. Right marketing strategy is also the way to increase trust and authority of CU, which is one of the most important problems in Ukrainian financial market.


The ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density is studied in a two-dimensional coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) islands without breaking of the translational symmetry. In the marginal Fermi liquid regime, the shear viscosity satisfies the Kovtun-Son-Starinets bound, whereas in the incoherent regime, the shear viscosity is smaller, providing the first such example not involving translational symmetry breaking field theory with known gauge-gravity correspondence. In contrast, the shear viscosity calculated in the incoherent regime set by the `Planckian' thermalization timescale tends to have an upper bound.


In the early 1990s, I found myself among a small group of Yoga educators discussing the parameters of "Yoga therapy." These formative discussions were the beginning of what we have all come to know as the International Association of Yoga Therapists. At the time, I was working on my PhD dissertation, "A Comprehensive Yoga Lifestyle Program for People Living with HIV/AIDS." What began as a personal and educational journey has developed into a career dedicated to helping others discover the magnitude and importance of a Yogic lifestyle.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of functional mobility analyse and body stability on service performance among veteran tennis players. 25 veteran (senior) players (Xage: 40.79±4.2) who are active licenced, have participated in the study voluntarily. The analyse of body stability of participant group has been done by using 4 core endurance tests; plank test (PT), lateral bridge test (LBTdom./non-dom.), flexor endurance test (FET) and extensor endurance test (EET). The evaluation of the participant's mobility ability has been done with Functional Movement Screening test (FMS). Service performance scale has been conducted with Sports Radar Speed Gun SR3600. Participants have been asked for serving 8 times at maximal speed, the shots would be aimed at the cross service box with the dominant hand, accordingly with the tennis rules, balls which are hung to the net and out of service court (out) have been invalidated. Spearman Rank Order correlation analyse has been done on the gathered data by considering normality distribution at SPSS for windows 20.0 programme. In conclusion; a relationship couldn't be found between the FMS and service performance speed rates of veteran (senior) tennis players. While it has been seen that there is a relationship between service performance speed and from the body stability core endurance tests; LBT (dominant), (p<0,05; r=0,550) FET (p<0,05; r=0,426) and EET (p<0,05; r=0,460), a relationship between PT and LBT(non-dom.) and service performance and between FMS and body stability core endurance tests hasn't been encountered. A healthy psychical structure with a wide range of mobility can contribute to the performance of a variety of sport branches including tennis. When the role of service performance in a tennis match has been taken into account, it has been considered as one of the most important part of a play. For the studies that can be done in the future, with increasing the number of subjects, also using video analyse system can be recommended.


The loss cone electron distribution function can be unstable to the excitation of whistler instability, which can be effective in pitch angle diffusion, thus rapidly filling up the loss cone and removing the free energy source. The present paper carries out a combined quasi‐linear analysis and one‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulation in order to investigate the dynamical consequences of the excitation of whistler instability. Thermal ring distribution can be considered as a simple substitution for the actual loss cone distribution. It is found according to both the reduced quasi‐linear theory and the particle‐in‐cell simulation that while the whistler instability is effective in pitch angle diffusion of the initial loss cone distribution, the complete isotropization is not achieved such that substantial loss cone persists in the saturation stage. This finding may explain the fundamental question of why weak loss cone feature persists in the magnetosphere and, more importantly, why charged particles trapped in dipole field do not steadily undergo pitch angle scattering and be lost eventually.


Objective: To investigate the relationship of Cyclooxygenase-2 and P-glycoprotein expression in lung cancer,gastric carcinoma,breast carcinoma and astrocytoma.Method: The expressions of Cyclooxygenase-2 and P-glycoprotein were detected by immunohistochemical staining in 8 cases of astrocytoma and 12 cases of lung cancer,gastric carcinoma,breast carcinoma respectively.Result: The expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 were significantly correlated with the expression of P-glycoprotein in the tumors detected and the expression of Cox-2 also have a correlated relationship with the lymph mode metastasis in each group.Conclusion: Cox-2 may play an important role in the regulation of multiple drug resistance(MDR).The inhibiting substance of Cox-2 may provide a possible way in preventions of multidrug –resistance.


THE ASSOCIATION between oral contraceptive use and thromboembolic disease has been known since 1961, at about the same time that these agents came into wide usage in the Western world.1 The data suggest that oral contraceptives are responsible for about 20 cases of venous thromboembolic disease per 10,000 women users per year.1 Most commonly these women suffer from superficial or deep vein thrombosis with or without pulmonary emboli. The risk for developing an arterial thrombotic event, such as a myocardial infarct or stroke, appears to be an order of magnitude lower.1 In this issue, Schneiderman and Cello report on a rare complication of oral contraceptive use-namely, intestinal ischemia with or without infarction. In all, they found 41 cases of ischemic disease in oral contraceptive users, of whom 15 experienced reversible bowel injury, while 26 suffered frank intestinal necrosis. In this latter group, eight (31 %) of the patients died. Considering the fact that about 8 million American women currently use oral contraceptives,1 it is fortunate that there is such a low risk for this serious disorder. In one case of transient ischemia, histologic examination of mesenteric tissue showed multiple thrombi in branches of the inferior mesenteric artery. In patients with intestinal infarction, thrombi were commonly observed in either mesenteric arteries or veins. In about 65 % of the cases, thrombosis occurred in the venous distribution. The observation that events may be either venous or arterial suggests that the disorder must be explained by several factors rather than one single abnormality. This follows from a large body of literature suggesting that in arterial thrombotic events, deranged platelet physiology is a major factor while in venous disorders, defects in proteinase inhibitors, particularly antithrombin III, or elevated levels of procoagulants appear to play a more important role."2 Oral contraceptive users show


Pedestrian injury and mortality are a global issue, with more than 270,000 pedestrians killed worldwide each year. In Victoria, 249 road fatalities were reported in 2014, 18% of which were pedestrians. These statistics convinced the Victorian road safety partners to develop a major program to reduce the number of severe pedestrian casualties. One of the main challenges in development of pedestrian safety programs is selection of engineering crash treatments leading to the most effective reduction in number of pedestrian crashes. This approach relies on accurate quantification of the effectiveness of such treatments. This study conducted a literature review of the effectiveness of different pedestrian treatments in Australia and in other countries. This literature review assessed the availability and accuracy of reported crash modification factors (CMF) and/or crash reduction factors (CRF) for each treatment type. Then, four major treatment types, which have not been evaluated accurately, were selected for evaluation. These treatment types included 'median', 'kerb extension', 'full-time fully controlled right turn signals' and 'part-time fully controlled right turn signals'. A quasiexperimental before-after treatment/control evaluation design was utilised to assess the effectiveness of these treatment types. Required data for treated and control sites were collected from Local Government Areas (LGAs) and VicRoads. The control sites were matched on surrounding land use, speed zones and pedestrian crash history. A log-linear Poisson model was applied to analyze the quasi-experimental road safety evaluation design. This study improves the cost-effectiveness and accuracy of pedestrian road safety treatment programs through updated and more accurate CRF/CMF values for the most effective pedestrian safety treatments. The findings will be useful to road agencies seeking to reduce incidence and severity of pedestrian casualties.


hen Mary became a faith community nurse about eight years ago, her large parish in Silver Spring, Md., began a transformation. Already a registered nurse, Mary (to protect privacy, I have changed her name) worked at Holy Cross Hospital in Silver Spring where she met a parish nurse coordinator, observed her ministry and felt inspired to establish the parish nurse program as part of a health ministry team in her own Catholic church. She serves there faithfully and joyfully. NURSES LINK HEALTH, SPIRITUALITY IN THE PARISH


The success of social media among Africans and African diasporas have led to the creation of " Facebook groups " identified as ethnic groups. These networks can gather, among the five groups included in this study, up to 8,000 participants each.These spaces of community exchanges allow interesting observations on the preservation of linguistic diversity in the era of digital globalization, and on the mutations of ethnicity. On one hand, we are witnessing the " spontaneous " encoding of languages that were not usually written, contributing to their current writing use, to the transmission of this competence and literary heritage, to its unification and homogenization. On the other hand, these new linguistic registers cause profound changes in the status of these languages and in the organization of the associated cultural groups: the creation of a public space (which partially excludes other national languages) where diaspora members play a central role; the weaving of supra-national links with former parent groups in neighboring countries (reinvestment of neglected ethnonyms, rewriting of genealogies, reaffirmation of unifying origin myths);the projects of physical meetings, publishing policies, cultural festivals, supra-national political parties…


Chemical weathering, one of the major processes that modify the earth's surface, exerts important controls on the geochemical cycling of elements. The behavior of elements in rock weathering processes, especially in intensely weathered regolith profiles, is not very well understood. In addition, rigorous calculation of the mass fluxes during intense weathering is seldom performed. This study aimed to determine geochemical mass balance for regolith profiles subject to intense chemical weathering. Two lateritic profiles in Western Australia with different weathering intensity were studied, to investigate influence of weathering intensity on element loss or gain. GE lateritic profile (CIA values 90.8~99.2), with kaolinite and gibbsite as main weathering products, is more intensely weathered than MQ profile (CIA from 63.6 to 83.9). Calculating mass balance with Zr as the immobile element, Na, Ca, Sr, Rb and Ba were almost completely depleted in the GE profile, while in MQ profile, only Ca loss as high as 95%. Aluminium, Ti and Fe accumulate at 0.6 m depth MQ profile, which also has the highest clay content; in the GE profile, Fe is significantly enriched from 3.57 m, forming haematite and goethite in duricrust and ferruginous matrix. Key Word Laterite, weathering, geochemical anomalies, modelling, major elements Introduction Chemical weathering of rocks is one of the major processes that modify the earth's surface and is one of the critical processes in the geochemical cycling of elements (Ji et al., 2004). Weathering intensity exerts important influence on mobilization and redistribution of different elements in a regolith profile. As the result of intense weathering, deposition, and modified by later soil-forming (pedogenic) processes on nearsurface rocks, laterite (lateritic soil) represents one of the most common superficial formations in the tropics and covers long periods of time, extending over tens of millions of years (Dequincey et al., 2006). Although much research on the laterization process and element mobilization has been performed worldwide (e.g. Beauvais, 1999; Beyala et al., 2009; Ma et al., 2007), the precise sequence of events and behavior of elements in rock weathering process and laterite formation are still not unambiguously understood. In Western Australia, high rainfall and humid weathering conditions have further enhanced rock weathering and element leaching, and form notable duricust (ferricrete) due to accumulation of iron. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the element mobilization and redistribution during intense weathering in lateritic profiles. Two lateritic profiles with different weathering intensity were studied, to investigate influence of weathering intensity on element loss or gain. Material and Methods Description of the study areas The first profile is located in Mountain Quarry (31°54′54′′S, 116°3′44′′E), on the southern slope of Greenmount Hill, Western Australia. Here, granites typical of the Darling Range are intruded by a number of dolerite dykes. The profile is developed overlying granite with stonelines preserved from quartz veins implying in-situ weathering. The profile is 2 m-deep, samples from five depths were collected on 29th, May, 2009. The potential parent rocks, including granite and intrusive dolerite dyke were also sampled. The second profile is adjacent to Great Eastern Highway, Western Australia (31°22'30.95"S, 118°41'26.74"E) with very good bedrock (granitoid/dolerite dyke) exposure and a very deep weathered profile. The profile is 12 m deep, including saprolite, mottled clay, duricrust, and topsoil. Detailed sample information is listed in Table 1. Analytical methods Pretreatment of the soil samples included sieving through 2-mm plastic mesh for separation of gravel and roots/rhizomes from the -2 mm soil fraction. Part of the subsamples of the -2 mm fraction was used to determine the pH and particle size distribution. Soil pH was determined potentiometrically in the supernatant


This paper presents the results of open quotient (OQ) measurements in electroglottographic (EGG) signals of young (18–30 years) and elderly (60–82 years) male and female speakers. The paper further presents quantitative results of the relation between the EGG OQ and the perception of a speaker's age. Higgins and Saxman found a decreased EGG OQ with increased age for females, while the EGG OQ increased for males as the speaker's age increased in sustained vowel material 1. Although laryngeal degeneration due to increased age seems to occur to a lesser extent in females, the significant decrease of the OQ in elderly female voices could not be explained in terms of age-related physiological changes. Linville found increased spectral amplitudes in the region of F0 for the elderly (obtained by long-term average spectra (LTAS) measurements of read speech material), independent of gender, which could be indirectly interpreted as an increasing OQ 3. We measured the EGG OQ, not only for sustained vowels but also in vowels taken from isolated words and read speech material. To analyse the relation between breathiness in terms of an increased EGG OQ and the mean perceived age per stimulus, a perception test was carried out, in which listeners were asked to estimate speaker's age based on sustained /a/-vowels varying in vocal effort (soft–normal–loud) during production. 1) The decreased EGG OQ for elderly females originally found by Higgins and Saxman 1 is not apparent in our data for sustained /a/-vowels; for males, however, we also found an increased EGG OQ for the elderly speakers. 2) In addition, an increased EGG OQ for the group of elderly in comparison to the younger males occurs for the unstressed syllable of the word material. 3) Our results show a strong positive relation between perceived age and EGG OQ in male vowel stimuli. Regarding 2), depending on the speech task at least a male speaker's voice gets more breathy as age increases. Considering 3), increased breathiness may contribute to the listener's perception of increased age.


Recent flood events caused by tropical storms resulted in large economic impacts in the Northeastern U.S. and catalyzed efforts to understand the complex interactions between human and natural systems. Specifically, the resilience of our transportation infrastructure to climate and the impact of transportation systems on the aquatic environment are important to both state and federal decision makers. In is important that new, innovative approaches be developed that consider both the robustness of our infrastructure today and its ability to cope with forecasted extremes due to climate change. This paper presents ongoing research associated with the broad regional application of a hydrologic vulnerability framework for road-stream crossings. A calibrated, process-based hydrological model is used to develop estimates of flood flows at various return frequencies. Road-stream crossings are identified and the maximum critical flows for these crossings are calculated. Daily-runoff from the hydrological model is coupled with a statistical index-method to determine the average recurrence interval for flood flows at ungaged locations. Finally, a vulnerability analysis is performed that maps the annual exceedance probability (AEP) of the critical flow through crossing infrastructure to the estimated AEP of flood flows at the crossing locations. This study supports the development of a decision-support tool for prioritizingculvert repair and replacement in the region. It also creates a more robust infrastructure design that suggests adaptation strategies in conjunction with climate information.


Forearm bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by single‐energy photon absorptiometry in 360 healthy females without known axial fractures, 202 of whom were postmenopausal. The three sites addressed included an ultradistal (U) region containing approximately 60% trabecular bone. The other sites, distal (D) and shaft (S), were progressively more cortical. Reproducibility was 1.7–1.9% CV. The earliest evidence of a significant correlation between BMD and years since menopause was seen in trabecular bone in subjects aged 45–55 years. Fractional decrease in BMD, relative to the premenopausal value, was significantly larger at U than at S for the decades 55–65 years and above. Fractional rates of bone loss at all sites were a maximum in the first postmenopausal decade, the rate at U being 0.035, approximately 1.5 times that at D or S. A total of 33 subjects reported 54 previous minimally traumatic nonaxial (MTNA) fractures. When BMD measurements of the entire study were divided into quintiles, the prevalence of MTNA fracture cases in the lowest quintile was eight times that of each of the upper three quintiles. Prevalence of fracture cases ranked by quintiles of BMD were not different for the three scan sites. Therefore, ultradistal measurements confer no advantages over distal or shaft BMD for discriminating past MTNA fracture cases but do show larger fractional rates of loss during the first postmenopausal decade. When early postmenopausal women (with years since menopause ≤ 10) having BMD at U below the 15th age‐corrected percentile, and their high BMD peers above the 75th percentile, were studied prospectively over 9–24 months there were no differences in their mean fractional rates of bone loss. These rates confirmed cross‐sectional measurements based on years since menopause ≤ 10 but without selection for BMD.


"Reification" refers to the reduction of commodity value to exchange value and the domination of the human world by objects,which makes labor become hostile and alienated thing to their hosts.Through analyzing the influence of "reification" on human feeling,imagination,thinking,personality,and happiness,this paper exposes how the human domination of the world has been distorted and subverted by objects,with the final result of the alienation of human happiness.


Objective To evaluate the relation between the development of the uteroplacental circulation as assessed by Doppler velocimetry and the maternal blood relaxin concentration.


The molecular mechanism of specific immunotherapy(SIT)for allergic rhinitis is currently not clear,and there is not an ideal and objective prognostic indicator to evaluate the clinic effect of SIT.Responsive increases of IL-10 and specific IgG4 are the main immune change induced by SIT.IL-10 is an immune inhibitor to regulate synthesis and inhibition of specific IgG4.Specific IgG4 antibody inhibits IgE and is involved in SIT mechanism.IL-10 and IgG4 antibody present simultaneous increase,which may be used to predict the clinic response of SIT.


Background and aim Mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be achieved by improvement of intestinal barrier protection. Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) has been identified as a critical factor for barrier protection during mucosal insult and is linked with improvement in symptoms of colitis. Although prophylactic efficacy of HIF hydroxylase inhibitors in murine colitis have been established, its therapeutic efficacy in clinically relevant therapeutic settings have not been established. In the present study we aim to establish therapeutic efficacy of TRC160334, a novel HIF hydroxylase inhibitor, in animal models of colitis. Methods The efficacy of TRC160334 was evaluated in two different mouse models of colitis by oral route. A prophylactic efficacy study was performed in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced mouse model of colitis representing human Crohn's disease pathology. Additionally, a therapeutic efficacy study was performed in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse model of colitis, a model simulating human ulcerative colitis. Results TRC160334 treatment resulted in significant improvement in disease end points in both models of colitis. TRC160334 treatment resulted into cytoprotective heatshock protein 70 induction in inflamed colon. TRC160334 successfully attenuated the rate of fall in body weight, disease activity index, and macroscopic and microscopic scores of colonic damage leading to overall improvement in study outcome. Conclusion Our findings are the first to demonstrate that therapeutic intervention with a HIF hydroxylase inhibitor ameliorates IBD in disease models. These findings highlight the potential of TRC160334 for its clinical application in the treatment of IBD.


One of the substantial things, which has been perceived more than ever by captains of industry in recent years, is the necessity of earning competitive value. As a result, mechanisation and enhancing the level of automation of the process has become one of the most fascinating issues to researchers. In this regard one of the most appealing systems to industries is flexible manufacturing systems which contribute to achievement of higher levels of automation in business environments. Since transportation plays an essential role in flexible production systems, automated guided vehicles (AVGs) have been utilised to carry material in these systems in order to maintain the flexibility, and increase the efficiency of production and distribution throughout the system. In this paper, a mathematical model for scheduling and allocating AVGs in the manufacturing process of a specific project is proposed and in the end, a heuristic algorithm is proposed and used to solve the model problem.


Human aggression was a major worldwide health issue that brings negative effect to victims, perpetrators, and society. One of the areas that may be potentially variables for understanding aggression was self-esteem that could influence whether someone display an aggressive behaviour. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of aggression and level of self-esteem among Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam student-athletes. This study was very important to determine the athlete's aggression and selfesteem level based on the differences of genders and types of sport. Furthermore, the findings of this study may help in promoting a beneficial knowledge among coaches and athletes about aggression level and also self-esteem level toward maintaining and improving sports performance. A correlational study was selected in order to conduct this study. This correlational study was selected because this study was closely related to both descriptive and causalcomparative research. The instrument used for this study comprised of a 10-item Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale (RSES) and 19-item of Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), which had been distributed in UiTM Shah Alam. The samples consisted of 260 UiTM Shah Alam athletes, included male and female, individual and team sports, age ranged between 18 until 26 years old. Independent t-test showed there was no significant difference between genders and types of sport on aggression level, p > 0.05. Result also showed that there was no significant difference on self-esteem between types of sport, p > 0.05. Meanwhile, a result found that there was a significant difference on selfesteem between genders, p < 0.05. Result also showed that there was a positive correlation between aggression and self-esteem among UiTM Shah Alam athletes, (r = 0.20, p < 0.05). Present findings indicated that athletes who had higher aggression level tend to have a higher level of self-esteem. Therefore, psychological skill training (PST) recommended as a better coping technique in order to promote better adaptation to the constraints of the sports involvement.


The effect of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) on the behavior of the electron density (n e) is investigated under various gas pressures of nitrogen (N2) in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) operated at low and high input powers. A Langmuir probe is used to measure the EEDFs and electron densities, and the antenna coil current is measured to obtain the absorbed power in the plasma (P abs). At gas pressures above 2.67 Pa (20 mTorr) and 2500 W, P abs increases continually with increasing the gas pressure, but the electron density slightly decreases. In this case, the EEDF has a Maxwellian distribution with a high-energy tail. On the other hand, at 300 W, P abs decreases slightly with increasing gas pressure, but the electron density dramatically decreases, and the EEDF evolves from a bi-Maxwellian to a non-Maxwellian distribution with substantially highly depleted high-energetic part (high-energy tail). To analyze the difference in the behavior of the decrease rate in electron density, the total energy loss per electron–ion pair lost (ε T) is measured through the probe diagnostics, and the measured electron density is compared with the calculated electron density from the global model. An additional experiment is performed in Ar plasma under the same discharge conditions as N2 plasma to compare the EEDF effect. This study provides experimental evidence that the EEDF has a decisive effect on the behavior of the electron density in plasmas.


We have conducted ray trace modeling calculations to determine the sensitivity of holographic interferometry as a tool for the study of cryogenic deuterium‐tritium layers. This effort was initially designed to model experiments we had conducted in which a reference hologram of a gas phase target is ''sandwiched'' with a hologram of the identically oriented condensed layer target to form an interference image. We have extended the refractive ray trace modeling study to include reference holograms other than gas phase. We have used empty, gas filled, uniform solid layer, and 180° rotated slumped solid layer holograms as references to sandwich with a slumped solid layer. The highest sensitivity is achieved when a rotational shear of 180° is applied between two identical holograms of the slumped solid layer.


From ten Integrated Teams (ITs) established in late 1994 for the provision of children and youth services, with some eight years of development, in 2001 there were more than 60 ITs in the territory. At the end of June 2003, there were 130 ITs (or Integrated Children and Youth Service Centres — ICYSCs) in the territory. It seems that employing an "Integrated Team Model" of the provision of children and youth services has gained the faith and confidence from the authority. However, the strengths and limitations encountered by youth workers in ITs have not been systematically explored. The present study, a questionnaire survey with all IT workers as target, has mainly explored the workers' opinions on the effectiveness and feasibility of implementing ITs, the difficulties/limitations they have encountered and the suggested ways for improvement. Based on the findings, recommendations are made so that further development of the IT model for children and youth services could be more promising. 於一九九四年尾成立的十支 "青少年综合服务队" ,在短短八年内,已增至超过六十支,在全港不同地区为青少年提供服务。二00三年六月尾,全港已有一百三十支 "青少年综合服务队" 。有关当局似乎对以 "综合服务队" 的模式来提供青少年服务充满信心,但目前探讨以该模式提供青少年服务的强弱、利弊及其有效性的研究十分缺乏。本文透过以 "综合服务队" 的工作人员为研究对象,探讨有关工作人员队以 "综合服务队模式" 提供青少年服务的有效性及可行性的意见。他们在提供服务期间遇到的困难或局限,及认为可如何提高 "青少年综合服务队" 的成效也是研究的内容。基於研究所得的发现,本文亦提出一些建议,希望能有助於 "青少年综合服务队" 的发展。


Superchilling, a new concept of extending shelf life of fresh food products without freezing, has been confined mainly to seafoods and scanty work has been documented on poultry meat. Hence, poultry breast fillets were aerobically packaged and stored under superchilling (-2+0.5°C) condition for its storage stability as compared to frozen (-20+1°C) fillets. During storage period of 20 days, there was significant decrease in protein and fat content of both superchilled and frozen samples with an improvement in moisture in superchilled samples. The overall pH was significantly low in superchilled fillets at the end of storage. The water holding capacity of superchilled fillet was significantly higher with lower drip loss whereas extract release volume and water activity decreased duringstorage. The thiobarbituric acid and tyrosine values in both the samples increased significantly from day 10 onwards. The superchilled meat had significantly higher total plate count and psychrophilic count throughout the study. There was significant reduction in Lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) score as well as significant increase in the redness (Hunter a* value) score of superchilled breast fillet as compared to frozen fillets. The hardness and shear force values were significantly higher in frozen fillets than that of superchilled fillets suggesting the beneficial effect of superchilling in extending the shelf life upto 20 days under aerobic packaging conditions without adverse effect on its quality


The strange metal phases found to develop in a wide range of materials near a quantum critical point (QCP), have posed a long-standing mystery. The frequent association of strange metals with unconventional superconductivity and antiferromagnetic QCPs has led to a belief that they are highly entangled quantum states. Ferromagnets, by contrast are regarded as an unlikely setting for strange metals, for they are weakly entangled and their QCPs are often interrupted by competing phases or first order phase transitions. Here, we provide compelling evidence that the stoichiometric heavy fermion ferromagnet CeRh$_6$Ge$_4$ becomes a strange metal at a pressure-induced QCP: specific heat and resistivity measurements demonstrate that the FM transition is continuously suppressed to zero temperature revealing a strange metal phase. We argue that strong magnetic anisotropy plays a key role in this process,injecting entanglement, in the form of triplet resonating valence bonds (tRVBs) into the ordered ferromagnet. We show that the singular transformation from tRVBs into Kondo singlets that occurs at the QCP causes a jump in the Fermi surface volume: a key driver of strange metallic behavior. Our results open up a new direction for research into FM quantum criticality, while also establishing an important new setting for the strange metal problem. Most importantly, strange metallic behavior at a FM quantum critical point suggests that it is quantum entanglement rather than the destruction of antiferromagnetism that is the common driver of the many varied examples of strange metallic behavior.


This paper analyses the influence of certain parameters and factors on the characteristics of the electropneumatic loudspeaker and describes the experimental work carried out. The developed portable electropneumatic loudspeaker possesses good properties with a flat frequency response from 400 Hz to 2 kHz and a maximum sound pressrue output of 120dB at a distance 2 metre on axis from the horn mouth .The magnetic flux density at the magnetic gap is 19 ,000 gauss .The electropneumatic loudspeaker is small in size and lightweight.


Courts have struggled with the "somewhat vexed" subject of contribution since its inception.1 The mechanism of contribution seems well-suited to mitigate the harshness attending cases in which two or more people might be responsible for a single loss or damage but the plaintiff has elected not to sue one or more of these people. This mechanism, however, has been historically unavailable to defendants in many circumstances, and courts have enjoyed little success in dealing with this perceived injustice.


Objective: report the experience of the curricularization of university extension in the health area during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: descriptive study of the experience report type, developed from the curricularization of the extension of the integrative project in the health area of the [texto ocultado], located in [texto ocultado]. There were 33 subprojects that took place during 2020. Results: The integrative extension project in the health area called Comprehensive Health Care as a strategy for teaching-service-community integration includes eight courses in the health area. The methodology was the Constructivist Spiral. The advances perceived by the professors were being able to explore the virtual environment for greater dissemination and reach of information, as well as the virtual environment streamlined and optimized meetings with the community and students. Conclusion: the extension activities developed in the subprojects promoted interprofessional education and comprehensive health care in communities developed virtually or by sending materials to the community.