This article discusses various historiographies of spirituality as an indication of the influence of context on spirituality. It gives an overview of the most important historiographies of spirituality. Secondly, it describes the extremes of contextuality and noncontextuality, before finally reflecting on the dialectic tension between spirituality and contextuality. The contextuality or historicity of spirituality is not self-evident. Not until modern times, in Europe, did it become more or less normal to look at spirituality from a historical perspective. It is thus not strange that the historiography of spirituality arose from the nineteenth century. In that time, the historical perspective was flowering in all sciences. This historical approach is so compulsive that almost everything that "happens" has to be "historicised". But we can ask ourselves whether this contextualisation, in its predominant and absolute sense, corresponds with the deeper spiritual reality. This article first gives an overview of the most important historiographies of spirituality. Secondly, it describes the extremes of contextuality, and noncontextuality. Finally, it reflects on the dialectic tension between spirituality and contextuality.


In order to screen out sugarcane varieties suitable for water logged areas, an experiment was conducted at Palia Sugar Factory zone (Lakhimpur-Kheri) during planting season 201214 using eight elite varieties of sugarcane viz., CoSe 01424, CoSe 01434, CoSe 01235, CoSe 98231, CoS 767, CoS 97264, CoSe 96436 and UP 9530. The experimental field was stagnated with rain water at a level of 8–10 inch from the surface for 40–45 days. The results showed that shoot population and number of millable canes, being statistically at par to the standards, were significantly higher in varieties CoSe 01434 and CoS 97264 than other varieties, under water logged condition. Similarly, the cane yield recorded in varieties CoSe 01434 and CoS 97264 was also higher than other varieties tested. Observation on the length of aerial roots indicated that the varieties performing well under water logged condition generally developed more elongated roots than others. This suggested that varieties bearing lengthy aerial roots can withstand the water logging condition and may be suitable for planting in water logged areas. Conclusively, CoSe 01434 and CoS 97264 emerged as suitable varieties for tarai belt of Uttar Pradesh.


The article examines the legality and validity of the sentence. The author believes that the requirements of legality and validity are interrelated. An unsubstantiated sentence is also illegal, since the law requires it to be justified. Observance of due process of legal proceedings, correct application of the criminal law are the criteria not only of legality, but also of validity and fairness of the sentence. The article also makes a conclusion about the special place of validity and objectivity of the court's verdict among its properties in view of the presumption of truth, the sentence that entered into legal force and its pre-judicial value.


Tissue engineering is emerging as a promising therapy for bone reconstruction and regeneration (Landis et. al., 2005, Salgado et. al., 2004, Oakes, 2004). However, few devices are currently utilized in a clinical capacity, even though many of the biomaterials incorporated in their design have been in existence for the past three decades (El-Ghannam, 2005). One of the main drawbacks of the biological constructs currently under investigation is the lack of mechanical integrity of the selected materials. This is a crucial factor in the development of a scaffold for bone engineering due to the load-bearing nature of the tissue being replaced. For example, tissueengineering methods utilizing growth factor-delivery systems tend to place emphasis on the release kinetics, rather than the mechanical properties, of materials employed to produce scaffolds (Vasita & Katti, 2006). However, architectures can be optimized to produce scaffolds with the elastic properties and porosity characteristics required to mimic specific mechanical environments (Lin et. al., 2004). Furthermore, alternative tissue-engineering regimes using, for example, biochemicals in combination with perfusion-compression conditioning of constructs are also emerging, resulting in the Calcium channel, Agonist, Drug release, Bone production, 4-ponit bending, PLLA scaffolds, In vivo AB S T R A C T AR T I C L E I N F O


The radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus) is an edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe in pre-Roman times. The root is best harvested before the plant flowers. Its use is not recommended if the stomach or intestines are inflamed. The leaves, seeds and old roots are used in the treatment of asthma and other chest complaints. The juice of the fresh leaves is diuretic and laxative. The seed is carminative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic. It is taken internally in the treatment of, abdominal bloating, wind, acid regurgitation, diarrhea and bronchitis. The root is antiscorbutic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, and diuretic. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides in plants have most commonly been discovered in seeds where they accumulate to high level and may also function as storage proteins. The crude water extract of seed inhibited moderate antifungal activity while showed highest antibacterial activity against Hafnia alvei and Enterobacter agglomerans exhibited. It has been observed that rude water extract posses highest antibacterial activity. Crude water extract showed significant inhibition against some fungal strain like Spadicoides stoveri and Paecilomyces variotii while some fungal strain having insignificant inhibition.


Division of Sistem Manajemen & Informasi (SMI) is a division that has the responsibility to maintain and protect the Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) that existed at PELINDO III Cabang Tanjung Perak in order to run properly. In dealing with any issues regarding the TIK Division of SMI having problems in terms of receiving a complaint and do the assignment information to address these problems. Constraints that complicate the operations of the Division of SMI may cause disruption of the company's business processes. Of the problems, IT Helpdesk information systems made by observing work in priority handling to provide helpdesk solution. Priority of the problem is determined by adopting the method delbeq and supporting information to the management, the system provides information about the value of MTTR, MTBF, reliability and availability of TIK devices. From the results of evaluation of the system performed, the system is able to provide reporting facilities issues, advising assignments are informed via SMS (SMS Gateway), provides information on the issues, provide information MTTR, MTBF, availability and reliability.


Objectives: The recurring mass murder of students in schools has sparked an intense debate about how best to increase school safety. Because public opinion weighs heavily in this debate, we examine public views on how best to prevent school shootings. We theorize that three moral-altruistic factors are likely to be broadly relevant to public opinion on school safety policies: moral intuitions about harm, anger about school crime, and altruistic fear. Methods: We commissioned YouGov to survey 1,100 Americans to explore support for a range of gun control and school programming policies and willingness to pay for school target hardening. We test the ability of a moral-altruistic model to explain public opinion, while controlling for the major predictors of gun control attitudes found in the social sciences. Results: The public strongly supports policies that restrict who can access guns, expand school anti-bullying and counseling programs, and target-harden schools. While many factors influence attitudes toward gun-related policies specifically, moral-altruistic factors significantly increase support for all three types of school safety policies. Conclusions: The public favors a comprehensive policy response and is willing to pay for it. Support for prevention efforts reflects moral intuitions about harm, anger about school crime, and altruistic fear.


This qualitative-descriptive research aims to analyze how the activities of the book Language Leader Advanced-Coursebook (LLAC) which is used in the Intermediate and Upper Intermediate levels of enlgish in the Modern Languages program offered by Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ) encourage the development of the components of Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC). For that purpose, four units of the LLAC book were analyzed by using an assessment matrix. Also four teachers of the Upper Intermediate level of English were interviewed to identify their perceptions regarding the promotion of the components of the ICC in the book. Eventually, the research demonstrated the presence of the five components of the ICC (Awareness, Attitudes, Skills, Knowledge and Proficiency), which are encouraged through different types of activities. In the assessment matrix, it was found that the development of the components was mostly evident in activities such as Speaking (28%) and Reading (22.4%), while activities related to Grammar (2.2%) and Vocabulary (6.8%) showed a small number of opportunities to promote the development of the ICC components. Finally, taking into account the teachers perceptions and experiences, it was dear that they consider that the activities of the book do promote the development of the ICC components. Similarly, they perceived that as teachers they can become mediators in the classroom to assist their students in the learning process in order to have the opportunity to recognize themselves, the characteristics different from they own and be able to recognize themselves from the other.


The ferroelectric properties and leakage current behavior of poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) thin films capacitors using Pt as top and bottom electrodes are reported. The poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) thin films doped with diethyl phthalate were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si with spin-coating method. The experimental results show that the addition of diethyl phthalate in copolymer thin films significantly improves the polarization properties and reduces the leakage current density. The excellent agreement on the leakage current behavior between the experimental and the theoretical results is observed through the obtained current-voltage characteristics.


Drawn from a recent American ii'sociation or the Advancement of cience publication, "An Inventory of Progra sin Science for Minority Students: 1960-1975", this directory of science . programs, and projects for American Indians includes\the following-23 programs specifically designed for Native Americans;, 36 program's that specifically include Indians with other.minorities; And 84 programs that are intended to apply to all minority groups. Each project or program entered in .this inventory is recorded in a standard form which includes: an entry number; location; educational levels (elementary, secondary,,collegiate,,graduate, professional, and post-seondary/non-collegiate); amount'of funding; soUrce of funds; number of participants; prOgram title and discipline; minority gro'up involved/targeted (Black, Chicano/Mexican American', Native American/American Indian, Mainland Purto Rican); program dates; annotation (the amoUnt of information varies); contact person, including address ahd phone number. (JC) 1F-$0.83HC-$2.06 Plus\Postage. *American Indians; Blacks; *Directories; Elementary Secondary Education; Financial SUpport; Higher Education; Mexican Americans; *Minority Groups; Post Secondary Education; Program Descriptions; Puerto Ricans; *Science Education; *Science.Programs; *Science Projects


Several systems or networks display self-organizing behavior that is characterized by a state with the maximum production of entropy. Such systems are complex in that they are open, i.e. they are not thermally isolated and therefore, the system has access to a continuous supply of energy, and dissipative, i.e. they output energy to external energy reservoirs. The nature of entropy production in these systems is explored by analyzing an example first proposed by Prigogine. An expression for the rate of entropy production in an R-C circuit will be used to demonstrate the behavior of entropy production observed in experiment. The insight provided will then be applied to the phenomena of self-organizing wires made of carbon nanotubes particles dissolved in a non-polar dielectric fluid.


A 70-year-old man was transferred to the emergency vascular department of our hospital with atypical diffuse necrotic lesions below the knees and gangrene in both feet (Pictures 1, 2). The patient did not complain of resting pain. His past medical history, other than an excessive nicotine abuse was negative. The man was not diabetic; he described that the lesions had started to appear approximately 15 days previously. He had not applied any kind of chemical or pharmaceutical ointment. Also he denied any burn, exposure to heating radiator or the use of kind of drug toxicant. He did not complain for resting pain but he mentioned weakness and anorexia for the previous 3 months. Clinical examination revealed normal pulses in femoral and popliteal arteries in both legs, while Doppler examination revealed the presence of flow in tibial arteries (tibial anterior and posterior) and the absence of a sign in digital arteries. Laboratory examination showed severe anemia and an altered biochemical profile indicating muscle lysis, while a chest radiograph revealed a huge mass in the right lung compatible with a neoplasma. The diagnosis of lung cancer was confirmed by a computed tomography. The subsequent serological examination was negative. The man died after 5 days due to a combination of pulmonary insufficiency and sepsis. In the brief description of this case we emphasize an unusual and rare manifestation of lung cancer. The term "paraneoplastic syndrome" has been used to describe a clinical manifestation associated with a malignant neoplasm, which is not a direct consequence of invasive tumor growth. Digital ischemia with gangrene has been observed as a paraneoplastic manifestation associated with various malignant tumors, especially adenocarcinomas (1-4). The precise mechanism of this phenomenon has not been completely clarified. The presence of digital ischemia in an elderly patient with cancer should always raise clinical suspicion of a paraneoplastic phenomenon.


Using a simple macro-economic model, this study shows how a two-pillar monetary strategy as practiced by the European central bank (ECB) can be conceived to guarantee dynamic macro-economic stability and the credibility of monetary policy. This strategy can be interpreted as a combination of inflation targeting and monetary base targeting. A commitment to a long-run monetary base growth rate (monetary targeting) corresponding to inflation target could reinforce the credibility of central bank announcements and the role of inflation target as strong and credible nominal anchor for private inflation expectations. However, achieving price stability under inflationtargeting regime associated with Friedman's money supply rule can generate dynamic instability in output, inflation and money demand. Alternative stabilizing monetary targeting rules, of which the design depends on economic structure and central bank preferences, are discussed relative to their capability to warrant dynamic macroeconomic stability.


Au80Sn20 eutectic alloy solder is extensively used in high-end microelectronics and optoelectronics packaging because of its good liquidity, high thermal conductivity, excellent resistance to fatigue, corrosion and creep. However, the brittleness and hardness of the δ-AuSn phase and ζ'-Au5Sn phase and massive primary phase make the processing and molding of Au80Sn20 eutectic alloy very difficult leading to inevitably limitations of its application. To improve the blanking ability of Au80Sn20 eutectic alloy, effects of stamping temperature, heat treatment on blanking of Au80Sn20 eutectic alloy were studied in this paper. Results showed that Au80Sn20 eutectic alloy had poor blanking performance at room temperature. However, the hot blanking process can reduce the hardness of the alloy which could improve the blanking performance significantly. With the extension of annealing time, the high temperature hardness of the alloy decreased first and then increased, reflecting that, suitable annealing process can reduce the residual stress in the alloy and reduce the adverse effects of the annealing process in the anisotropy of the initial lamellar eutectic structure. At the same time, ultrathin Au80Sn20 solder ring with smooth edge, can be made from an equiaxed eutectic structure in which the grains are uniformly fine if annealed for 120 min at 260 °C.


This chapter discusses the ethnological foundations of mortuary analysis, the processual approach to mortuary variability as well as the objection raised by post-processualists against processualist mortuary theory. Moreover, it highlights the importance of examining multiple lines of evidence in interpreting the mortuary record, as well as the importance of understanding mortuary ritual as a dynamic cultural system. It also presents an important development in mortuary ritual that may be associated with increasing socioeconomic complexity, the systems of 'dual obsequies'. It further discusses secondary treatment and collective burial as well as long-term variations in mortuary elaboration.


This invention discloses a kind of network ride in plane self-help serve system and its realization method which is used to the civil aviation operation. The system includes the server which can provide network ride in plane self-help serve, several client terminals, the printout output device and the operation software which can harmonize the other device of the system. The passer can land the aviation company's net transact ride in plane procedure himself just own one computer in line, a printer by using the said system, the passer chooses his seat, preprints his boarding check, across the safety check point directly if the passer has no baggage, he does not need to queue for the missionary to get his boarding check in the shift counter. This invention makes the passer's ride in plane procedure changed greatly, makes the user accomplish correlative procedure fast and conveniently by self-help manner, it saves a lot of check device and manpower resource cost of the aviation company. It incarnates the aviation company's serve concept setting the client as the center, brings real convenience to the aviation passer.


Women play an important role in agriculture in the state of Meghalaya. The existing matrilineal and matriarchal social system in the tribal communities of the state makes the role of women in agriculture more prominent. About 72% of the total female workers in the state are engaged in agriculture as cultivators and labourers as against 61% of male workers. In addition, about 46% of the cultivators in the state are women, while the corresponding national figure is only 32% (1). The present study was conducted to empirically examine the participation of either ABSTRACT : The study was conducted in East and West Khasi Hills districts of Meghalaya. Using structured interview schedule data from 200 farm women randomly sampled from 14 selected villages were collected. The study showed that in cultivation of potato crop, weeding and earthing up (reported by 83% respondents), application of FYM (53%), chemical fertilizers (51%), harvesting (66%), and sorting and grading (52%) of potatoes were primarily performed by women. Land preparation was found to be carried out jointly by men and women farmers. Application of insecticides (82%), fungicides (67%), carrying harvested produce from fields to store (76%), purchase of fungicides (50%), and purchase of fertilizers (48%) were carried out by men. Women had a major say in deciding land (52%) and number of nurs (raised beds) to be utilized (49%), and amount and sources of other production inputs (60%). Joint decisions by men and women farmers were taken on planting time (68%), potato varieties to be planted (55%), seed source to be utilized (53%), and time of application of fungicides and insecticides (55%). Potato farmers as well as farm women had equal access to the production resources and farm benefits. However, women were found to have an edge over men in controlling the resources like land and labour, and also on the farm benefits. of the gender in potato cultivation in the state. The decision-making pattern, and access and control over the resources and benefits were also analyzed.


This study aims to determine the effect of the company's health or the value of the company on investment decisions obtained from the aspects of probability, liquidity, cash ratio, and leverage. invest the funds in this decision, in this case the case study company PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk. The source of the data obtained is secondary data issued by the company in the form of a financial overview from 2017 to 2021 or the previous 5 years where the data obtained several conclusions regarding PT Indofood's company finances, namely experiencing many changes - good changes from probability, liquidity, cash ratio. and leverage in 2017 to 2021 but the influence and decrease in numbers is not that significant even though in 2019 many companies are experiencing difficulties due to the co-19 pandemic. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method of secondary data obtained to be managed from a predetermined formula according to Charles H Gibson in his book Financial Reporting analysis using financial accounting information. The results obtained in this study are that PT Indofood has experienced consistency in managing its finances from the past 5 years and the possibility of a greater return on shares and no losses so that investors can place their funds in Indofood companies.
Keywords: Financial Report Analysis, Investment


Given the way in which some scholars of religion now attempt to re-authorize theology by means of postmodern relativity, this article tackles issues of definition and discursive boundary maintenance by examining such scholars' suspect usage of the terms "postmodern" and "theory." Specifically, this critique focusses on a recent article proposing that Karl Barth's "theory" of religion ought to be included in the religious studies canon. The reasoning behind this proposal is an example of the suspect nature of some postmodern appropriations made by scholars of religion, appropriations that entail larger theoretical, discursive and institutional implications that should be brought to the attention of members of the field of religious studies.


Aim: To analyse the Dunedin residual orthopaedic waiting list based on a simple patient questionnaire and a quality of life assessment using EuroQol and SF12. Method: All patients on the residual waiting list were sent a postal questionnaire enquiring about their need for surgery and their quality of life. Based on their answers, patients were entered into three action groups: 1. back to GP care 2. clinical review 3. booked for surgery. Those patients requiring a clinical review were seen in a special clinic and reassessed in relation to their need for surgery. Results: Two hundred and sixty-one patients were surveyed. One hundred and fifty-eight had complete data available for analysis and of the remaining 103 patients, 88 were taken off the waiting list for various reasons. Fifteen did not reply. The average time on the waiting list was 19 months (range: Conclusion: This paper describes a decision making rationale in relation to assessment of continuing need for surgery in patients on the residual orthopaedic waiting list. Eighty percent of patients had stable conditions, which were not interfering significantly with their activities of daily living and could be managed safely by the GP. Further work is required to identify those patients who are at risk of deteriorating and to work out a practical and cost effective monitoring programme.


Abstract We examined habitat use in a population of synurbic watersnakes with equal access to urban and natural habitats to test the hypotheses that species occupy urban environments either by (1) restricting their activities to any remaining natural areas, or (2) capitalizing on, instead of avoiding, artificial features. For three years we radio-tracked 50 northern watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) living in a 40-ha area along 2 km of a city stream in Pennsylvania (USA). Half the study site is urbanized (municipal park and an active industrial area), and half is a relatively natural conservation area. Habitats selected by snakes in the two areas were significantly different: in the natural half, snakes occupied areas with a wide riparian zone and dense canopy cover; in the urban half, they frequently used artificial substrates and were in close proximity to people. Snakes were relocated 2520 times, yet were found at only 113 sites. Frequently reused sites were mostly artificial, including piles of scrap metal or concrete, holes in a railroad bed adjacent to the stream, and dead evergreen trees secured into the stream bank to combat erosion. Urban and natural areas were approximately equal in area and stream length, and had similar numbers of snake-selected sites (64 urban, 49 natural), but urban sites were used by more snakes. Of sites used by more than five different snakes, 22 of 26 were in the urban area. Snakes were found within 5 m of a tagged conspecific at 38% of urban area relocations compared to 15% of natural area relocations. These data suggest that anthropogenic structures in urban environments provide conditions (concealment, thermal) that offset dangers posed by closer proximity to people.


Thank you for reading i concepts of highly excited electronic systems ii electronic correlation mapping from finite to extended systems. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this i concepts of highly excited electronic systems ii electronic correlation mapping from finite to extended systems, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


Objective To evaluate the treatment and the curative effect of ureteral calculi with pneumatic lithotripter.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of 308 patients(192 males and 116 females,with an average age of 42 years)who were treated with the above-mentioned lithotripsy.Among these patients,33 had stones in the upper(5 cases were treated per urethra,28 cases with a great quantity hydronephrosis were treated through minimal invasive percutaneous nephrostomy),91 in the middle,184 in the lower ureter.(thery were treated per urethra).Results The overall rates of successful fragmentation for all levels of ureterat stones in a single procedure achieved 98.4%.5 cases were placed pigtail duct because of stone migration,the stone were fragmented by ESWL post operation.One cases converted to open due to repair the broken ureteral.The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.8 days.In 303 patients,the postoperative follow-up of 2 weeks to 3 months revealed that the hydronephrosis was markedly improved from preoperative(3.4±0.8)cm to postoperative(1.4±0.4)cm according to B-ultrasound and IVU.No ureteral stenosis occurred.Conclusions Treatment of all levels of urinaric calculies with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy has been more successful,effective an less invasive


Matches of a certain popular brand are contained in a box designed to hold 100 matches. This box has two compartments so that if you open the box casually and without thought as I do, then you will select a match at random from one compartment or the other with equal probability. At some stage you will empty one of the compartments; and having more statistical insight, perhaps you will be less surprised than me by the large number of matches often left unused in the other compartment.


Two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2D-STI) is a new technology of ultrasound.Without angle dependence,2D-STI can quantitatively evaluate the regional and whole motion situation of myocardium,and therefore benefit on the diagnosis,following-up and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.The applications of 2D-STI in cardiovascular diseases were reviewed in this article.


Cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of death world-wide. Currently, diverse machine learning models have been applied to disease prediction and classification. However, most of them tend to focus on the performance of the algorithm and neglect the underlying variables for patients in different carotid atherosclerotic stages. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid machine learning method named Subset Learning (S-learning) to predict and discover the risk factors of these different stages. The S-learning algorithm can elucidate the variables that have significant influence on the outcome of carotid atherosclerotic. Performance comparisons are based on the dataset collected from both Shanghai Renji and Shanghai Huashan Hospital. The result shows that the proposed method has superior classification performance than other classification algorithms. Our findings point to the utility of predictive machine learning and the discovery of risk factors to refine the treatment plans.


The present invention provides a disk drive apparatus, which is constructed such that when the access operation has a recording surface of the disc between the different signals of the multi-layered hierarchical structure of the signal recording surface, the current position and the destination address address of a location which is closer to the disk inner periphery (here slightly affected the surface vibration of the disk), a focus jump to the radial position of the disk. In the disk drive apparatus, the disk access operation by the focus jump due to vibration occurrence of an error is minimized lookup operations to be completed more quickly.


This paper studies the way to make applied superconductor and finds the way and technological process to resume superconductivity in the superconductor of Y Ba Cu O compound system covered with Ag or Cu.We have got zonal and linear superconductor hopeful to reality use.


This thesis is to go head to head with metaphor theory and to humbly try to wrestle from the enormous structure of facts and hypotheses that such theories form collectively, one theory that might favorably be used to study another interesting phenomenon. This phenomenon is the variety of metaphor that is encouraging of synaesthesia, called simply synaesthetic metaphor.
 For the first part of this thesis general metaphor theory has been studied in an endeavor to grasp the broader strokes of what metaphor is and what it has been considered to be through history. The reading process was then, more or less automatically, honed in towards more and more specialized cases of metaphor theory and also critique of metaphor theories which indeed have turned out to be even more educational than many of the theories themselves. As part of the purpose of this thesis is to look upon synaesthetic metaphor, one theory, after considering many, stood out as being the most suitable to do so.
 For studying synaesthetic metaphor philosopher Monroe C Beardsley's theory as he presents it in his book Aesthetics – Problems in the Philosophy of Criticism (1958) was found to be the most suitable, but to be able to apply it to examples, it had to be rigorously presented in the text. Throughout this presentation effort was made to problematize Beardsley's concepts and ideas which indeed led to further insights on what metaphor might be.
 To find examples to apply the selected theory on, or put simply to find test subjects, a literary work that is acclaimed for its richness in figural language was turned to. After reading the first two volumes of Proust's epic In Search of Lost Time (A la recherche du temps perdu, 1913 – 1927), synaesthetic metaphors were chosen under no rule but that there should be examples from all five senses to ensure some breadth.
 For the next part of the thesis the functions and mechanisms of the theory of metaphor chosen was simply tested on the synaesthetic metaphors from Proust in an attempt to explicate them.
 From these explications some concluding answers to the research questions were drawn and somewhat further problematized in the finishing discussion.


The article presents and analyzes the temperature conditions of storage of wheat grain batches during the six-year storage period in silos of precast concrete elevators in the Far Eastern Region of the Russian Federation. The time intervals of grain temperature changes depending on the corresponding climatic conditions are considered. It is shown that the grain mass in the silos of elevators is in a cooled state, at a temperature below 10 °C, most of the annual cycle.


The International Diabetes Federation has posted an update for 2012 on its Diabetes Atlas (http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/Update2012). We are reminded that there are more than 371 million people who have diabetes and half of those are undiagnosed. The number of people with diabetes is increasing in every country; four out five people live in lowand middle-income countries; 4.8 million people died because of diabetes, with half being under the age of 60 years; $US 471 billion were spent as a result of diabetes in 2012. They comment that the new figures 'add urgency to the need for effective prevention, treatment and an end to silence and discrimination'. This message is extended by a number of papers published in this month's issue of Diabetic Medicine and disturbingly includes the care of children with diabetes. Ruta and colleagues (page 387) present a detailed literature search on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes, and find the prevalence was highest in developing countries. They conclude there were significant gaps in the literature that demanded more research with standardization of methodologies. Leese and colleagues (page 484) address an equally important issue, namely social deprivation, and highlight its importance as a determinant of diabetes-related foot disease. Both retinopathy and foot disease have disastrous consequences for people in developing countries and the socially deprived, especially if it affects the main wage earner of the household, as the consequences of this impacts not only on the person with diabetes, but those who he/she financially supports. Equally disturbing are papers from two groups who look after children and young adults living in London (UK) from Dias and colleagues (page 495) and Thompson and colleagues (page 491); both are made free for download. In the first paper from the Royal London Hospital, the investigators observed differences over the course of their study in glycaemia control between white children and young persons compared with South Asians and black children and young persons; with the best achieved target HbA1c being in the South Asian group and worst in the black group. Additionally, South Asian ethnicity was associated with an atherogenic profile independent of HbA1c. In the second paper, from University College London Hospitals, their data suggest that deprivation and ethnicity influence diabetes control adversely, and how insulin pump therapy is utilized. Although clinic attendance did not differ between ethnic groups, it indicates that, even at this young age, and in socalled 'developed countries', there is much work to be carried out to ensure equitable care to all people living with diabetes.


Abstract : This three-year program of research concerned the development of new techniques for diagnosing, modeling and controlling nonlinear systems. The primary focus was on low-dimensional systems and the detection of bifurcation precursors in noisy environments. The major objective of the research was to extend our previous work on symbolic time series analysis to weakly non-stationary systems which are undergoing a qualitative change in their behavior. The aim is to develop a general, practical and robust detection scheme to provide early warning of impending instabilities.


This study reviews relevant literature to identify the drawbacks of traditional planning algorithms related to technical rationality. It also evaluates the suitability of construction project strategies, to bring reflective practice into construction project planning by using an archival analysis approach. The archival analysis used qualitative data provided by the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB), UK, for 66 construction projects that are recognised as being successfully delivered. The information was sorted and analysed via NVivo and content analysis, respectively. The findings show that the characteristics of reflective practice are predominant in the problems and strategic solutions mentioned in the CIOB qualitative information. This study emphasises that the two paradigms are not isolated, but associated through three distinct relationships. Recommendations are given for practitioners to use reflective practice, along with technical rationality to strategically solve problems encountered in construction project implementation. Finally, future studies are suggested to minimise the limitations of this qualitative study by integrating quantitative methodologies, to empirically determine the right combination of the two paradigms in the context of construction project implementation.


Objective:To study EHEC O157∶H7 isolated from imported frozen meal produces. Methods:EHEC O157∶H7 from imported meal produces was tested with Binax NOW EH E. coli O157 and O157∶H7 Test Kit. Result:Isolated 4 strains EHEC O157∶H7 from 174 imported frozen meal produces, the isolate rate was 2.30 per cent. These strains fermented sorbitol, no found hemolysin and VT gene, but still had virulence. Conclusion:Increase incubate in 41℃ can restrict other bacteria and improve the isolate rate. Binax reagent is rapid, and easy to perform by laboratories performing routine microbiological testing. It should be paid attention to the problem of food hygiene.


Between 2011 and 2015, collectors Carmen and Justo Fernandez loaned four tapestries with scenes from Don Quixote to the Biblioteca Historica Marques de Valdecilla to be studied and displayed. The director of the library, aware of the responsibility that comes with safeguarding this heritage, has seen the necessity of design a specific preventive conservation programme to ensure their long-term preservation after the conservation treatment of the tapestries.


With the accelerative development of modern society informationization,the function of data processing is unfolding now,data and databases has rapidly increased.This paper analyses the different demands for data definition in different application domain,and the basic characteristic of data definition under the network environment is also presented.


Objective To study the expectations of quality care of patients so as to promote the implemention of quality nursing project.Methods Totals 320 cases of patients between August and December 2011 were recruited and were conducted with the satisfaction and evaluation of nursing care,then analysed the expectations of quality care of patients.Results The work attitude and basic nursing operation of the nurses in the daily work were affirmed widely,and the satisfaction of the result of the survey was relatively high,286 casesof patients deemed nurses were affable,262 cases deemed that nurses could patiently answered their questions,269 cases deemed that nurses were enthusiastically working during perioperative and postoperative recovery period,290 cases deemed their adverse reactions were processed timely.Patients' satisfaction of nurses and patients communication was low,but the satisfaction of non-accompany nursing was higher.After implemented the quality care project,patients' satisfaction was improved from 94.17% to 99.64%,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =59.15,P < 0.01 ).Conclusions The quality nursing project can meet the basic needs of patients,and patient expectations are closely correlated,satisfaction of patients could be improved,reduce the nursing disputes and defects and effectively reduce the medical malpractices.

Key words:
High quality nursing;  Hospitalized patients;  Patient satisfaction;  Expectations


A [Formula: see text]-ring [Formula: see text] is called a nil [Formula: see text]-clean ring if every element of [Formula: see text] is a sum of a projection and a nilpotent. Nil [Formula: see text]-clean rings are the [Formula: see text]-version of nil-clean rings introduced by Diesl. This paper is about the nil [Formula: see text]-clean property of rings with emphasis on matrix rings. We show that a [Formula: see text]-ring [Formula: see text] is nil [Formula: see text]-clean if and only if [Formula: see text] is nil and [Formula: see text] is nil [Formula: see text]-clean. For a 2-primal [Formula: see text]-ring [Formula: see text], with the induced involution given by[Formula: see text], the nil [Formula: see text]-clean property of [Formula: see text] is completely reduced to that of [Formula: see text]. Consequently, [Formula: see text] is not a nil [Formula: see text]-clean ring for [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is a nil [Formula: see text]-clean ring if and only if [Formula: see text] is nil, [Formula: see text]is a Boolean ring and [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text].


In design of an eating & drinking space, lighting is one of the ways to give variety to the space. Lighting, which served no other than illuminating, is used as a scheme of effectively expressing the interior design which not only represents an image but create the space in a more diverse way. As an interior designer, Morita Yasumichi asserts that lighting is the most effective tool in space design and he chooses to give priority to investment in lighting at minimal cost. He applies various advantages of lighting to space design, creating the space with unique atmosphere and dramatic scene. In this study, we will research and analyze the correlation between lighting and the space at the eating & drinking space designed since 2000 by Morita Yasumichi. The study will provide ways to use lighting effectively in space design for an eating & drinking space.


(1) Background: The current practice in dental medicine aims to perform non-invasive treatments, which preserve as many hard tissues as possible. This trend is based on the final appearance, which should be as aesthetic and as close to natural teeth as possible. The use of Icon DMG can be considered revolutionary in the treatment of white spot lesions (WSLs) caused by various factors. (2) Methods: A diagnosis was established after clinical inspection, transillumination, or based on the patient's medical history. Icon infiltration was followed according to the producer's indications. Chromatic stability was assessed by two examinators with Vitapan 3D Master, and gum health improvement was assessed using the gingival index (GI). (3) Results: Ten dental units were observed for one year and showed chromatic stability. Gum health was improved. No side effects occurred. (4) Conclusions: An easy, non-invasive technique and painless treatment are the desired results from the use and implementation of resin in current practice. Following the infiltration protocol offers the desired aesthetic results.


Objective To discuss the techniques and operative results of th e trans-oral,nas al,and sphenoidal approach to pituitary adenomas.Method 20 case s of pituitary a denomas(20mm)were removed by the trans-oral,nasal,and sphenoidal approach.The surigcal approach made an incision in the upper vestibular fornix from cuspid to cuspid,removed a part of cribriform plate and reached the anterior wall of the sphenoidal sinus.Other steps were as usual.Result All the opera tions were succes sful.11 cases(55%)were cured,7 cases(35%) had improvements,2 cases(10%) were of no effect.No post-operative local infection,death or others serious complicatio n s occured. Conclusion The trans-oral,nasal,and sphenoidal app roach is safe and effective for the resection of pituitary adenomas.


Azimsulfuron was evaluated for its efficacy in controlling mixed weed flora in transplanted rice at HAU Regional Research Station, Karnal, India. Density and dry weight of grassy weeds in the plots treated with azimsulfuron were higher than pretilachlor 1000 g/ha except azimsulfuron 30 g/ha applied at 15 days after transplanting (DAT). Density of broadleaf weeds was significantly lower under all azimsulfuron doses when applied at 15 DAT compared to 25 DAT. All the treatments of azimsulfuron (10–30 g/ha at 15 and 25 DAT) provided excellent control of sedges, which were significantly better than pretilachlor and were as good as weed free check. Yields under azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAT during 2006, and 27.5 and 30 g/ha at 15 DAT and 30 g/ha at 25 DAT during 2007 were statistically at par with pretilachlor. There was no phyto-toxicity of azimsulfuron on rice and also there was no residual toxicity on the succeeding crop of wheat during both the years of experimentation.


*† The paper describes an image processing methodology developed to detect buried improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and landmines. The methodology assumes that sequences of aerial images of the same terrain, for instance a dirt road, can be obtained at periodic intervals of time. Corresponding images of the same terrain from two consecutive sequences can be processed to detect if the terrain has changed or been disturbed and may contain buried landmines. The image processing methodology requires registering corresponding images by identifying matching natural landmarks in both images, then calculating and performing scale and perspective transformations so that both images can be superimposed and compared. An adaptive methodology to compare registered images was developed in order to avoid false alarms due to changes in illumination or other small natural changes. The methodology was tested in a laboratory setting using a medium size Cartesian robot to manipulate a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. A sand and rock box was placed within the robot workspace volume. Several cylindrical disks of controlled sizes and aspect ratios were used to simulate landmines. Several image sequences were obtained before and after burying the simulated landmines. Extreme care was observed in burying the simulated landmines so that the terrain does not look as if it had been disturbed. The results obtained with this methodology are good. The paper will describe the methodology, testing environment, tests conducted and results obtained.


To the Editor: A congenital malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare and aggressive growth, which is fatal in almost all patients under the age of 1 year.1 A 1-day-old girl, born at term by cesarean section due to thick meconium and fetal distress, was referred to the dermatology team for assessment of a possible vascular malformation. At birth she was noted to have a large, tense, dusky-red swelling on the left lower leg and foot, a 1 cm shiny, erythematous swelling near the left clavicle and a 4 cm erythematous mass in the left groin (Figs. 1A–D). Her full blood count and clotting were normal, but C-reactive protein was raised at 100. Ultrasound showed multiple hypoechoic lesions in the liver, left paraspinal muscles, both groins, and left leg. These masses were hypervascular, exhibiting both arterial and venous flow on Doppler imaging. According to the radiologist, the lesions were consistent with multiple congenital hemangiomas. Subsequently, magnetic resonance imaging of the whole body confirmed multiple, enhancing, soft tissue lesions involving the sites mentioned above and the differential diagnosis was widened to include neuroblastoma and sarcoma. At 7 days of age, a skin biopsy was taken from the left lower leg lesion and showed diffuse infiltration of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue by sheets of large atypical cells with rounded and vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant clear cytoplasm (Figs. 2A–C). Tumor cells showed coexpression of vimentin and epithelial markers (keratins and epithelial


The task of marketing the intangible assets of the Chinese Olympic Committee is to build up its brand and to guarantee its quality in order to effectively promote its market. Based on literature review and management practice, this paper applied the product theory to the analysis of issues related to the market expansion of the intangible assets of the Chinese Olympic Committee. Conceptualization and characteristics of its products, the establishment of brand and quality guarantee in marketing the intangible assets of the Chinese Olympic Committee were also discussed in this paper.


Objective: To evaluate the results of combination chemotherapy with navelbine ( NVB ) plus ifosphamide (IFO) and cisplatin( DDP) . Methods:51 cases of advanced stages Ⅱb - Ⅳ NSCLC were histologically confirmed. Twenty - six patients were treated with NVB(25 -30 mg/m2 dl,8) plus IFO (3.0g/m2 dl) and DDP(50 -80 mg/ m2 dl)(N group). Another 25 cases received mitomycin C(MIT 60 mg/m2 dl) plus IFO(3.0g/m2 dl)plus DDP (50 - 80 mg/m ) ( M group) . Results: PR was seen in 12 cases of (N) group with an overall response of 46. 2% , while there were 8 PR cases in the (M) group with an overall response rate of 32. 0% . The overall rate of the(N) group was higher than that of (M) group No statistical difference was noted in overall response between the two groups. (P0.05). Karnofsky scores saw 69.2% (18 of 26) of case in the (N) group were increased, while 32. 0% (8 of 25 ) of cases in the ( M ) group (P 0. 05 ) . Neutropenia was the dose - limited toxicity and occurred in 73. 1% of patients in the (N) group and 72.0% in the (M) group. All of them are reversible after treatment. Local venous toxicity was observed in 34. 6% of the patients in the(N) group. Conclusion: A high response rate was obtained in advanced NSCLC treated by combination with NVB. Combination with NVB can be used as an alternative with tolerable toxicity.


Based on a great deal of relevant information,the author considers several problems existing in the development of sports agents in China and puts forward countermeasures so as to make sports agents in China to go on a track of sound progress in a healthy and coordinate way.


Objective To preliminarily analyze the histologic changes and mechanical characters after reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) using bone-1/3 patellar tenden-bone (B-PT-B) and bone-Achilles tendon allografts. Methods Twenty-five adult sheep were divided into three groups, ie, Group A (five sheep, materials harvesting group), Group B and Group C (10 sheep respectively, both as experimental groups). PCL reconstruction using fresh frozen B-PT-B and bone-Achilles tendon allografts was carried out in both Groups B and C. Histologic changes and mechanical characters were primarily assessed one and six months after PCL reconstruction by means of morphology and biomechanics. Results Routine histologic staining showed that the reconstructed PCL six months later was similar to the normal PCL in aspects of the structure and the mechanical characters. The biomechanical test proved that the tension of PCL reconstructed by bone-Achilles tendon allograft obtained similar mechanical characters and was stronger than that by B-PT-B allograft. Conclusion Bone-Achilles tendon allograft is more applicable clinically than B-PT-B allograft in PCL reconstruction.


The aim of study was the evaluation of influence of fertilization with manure on the nutritive value of meadow sward and their usefulness to silage production. In framework of study, mineral fertilization NPK (N-90 kg·ha, P-22 kg·ha, K-90 kg·ha) and cattle manure (22 t·ha) were compared. Cut and pre-wilted meadow sward was ensilaged in big bales. Bacterial inoculant Lactosil was added to a part of ensilaged material. In grass and silage samples the content of nutritive components, number of yeast, moulds, Enterobacteria and aerobic bacteria were evaluated. In silage samples additionally the dry matter content, pH, ammonium concentration and lactic and volatile fatty acids, content and aflatoxin B1 presence were analysed. Meadow sward fertilized with manure had higher protein and ash content and lower WSC content than sward from object fertilized with mineral fertilizer. The relation of WSC to protein was also adverse, that points at worse usefulness to ensilage of sward from abject fertilized with manure. Applied fertilization with manure had no negative effect on microbiological evaluation of herbage intended for silage. Silage made of sward fertilised with manure had worse values of indicators assessing chemical evaluation of silage than silages from sward fertilized with mineral fertilizers. Application of bacterial additive did not change significantly the parameters of chemical and microbiological assessment of silage. The results indicate the validity and usefulness of manure application as the natural fertilization of grasslands in the system of organic farming.


At the early stages of design of complex technical systems the engineers have to solve the problem of choosing the optimal structure from the multitude of possible variants. Complex technical systems are characterized by a set of multiple quality criteria and the required parameters, determined both in a formalized and non-formalized way. Part of this original data is given, in the course of design, in the form of permissible range of system parameter changes. These factors inhibit the objective comparison of system parameters when choosing the structure of the designed system, and the heuristic and expert methods of decision making, that employ the coefficients of criteria value, do not always give a true description of the mathematical model. The aim of the research is to develop the technique for normalizing the heterogeneous quality criteria, given as variation intervals and reducing them to the form that is good for further comparison and the choice of the preferential variant of the system structure. The suggested approach is based on the complex application of methods of interval analysis, fuzzy sets theory, decision making theory. The method of normalizing heterogeneous quality criteria is based on establishing preference relations in the interval form. Drawing the complex vector of quality criteria allows to obtain the technique of multicriteria selection of the complex system variant on the basis of the set of possible alternatives. The method of creating interval preferences with the set of alternative system variants using heterogeneous vector quality criteria is a fresh approach and, as different from existing methods with hard-and-fast ranking, it allows to use instead of quality criteria the membership functions that show the degree of proximity of the system variant to the efficient or Pareto optimal variants. The article describes the case history of optimal choice of the radio-electronic system at the early stages of design.


SummaryThe effect of temperature was investigated on the vegetative growth and flowering of nine coffee cultivars (Catuai Rojo, Catuai, Caturra Amarillo, Caturra Rojo, Catimor, BMK, SL6, K7 and LB) grown in pots under glass. High day/night temperatures (33°/28° compared with 18°/13°, 23°/18° and 28°/23°C) accelerated stem extension and node production. Growth was greatest in cvs K7 and SL6 and lowest in cv. Caturra Rojo. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures of 33°/28°C accelerated leaf loss and induced a general decline in tree health. All cultivars showed rapid initial growth during summer and autumn, and slower growth during winter and spring under short days (<13 h) and low irradiances (<6.8 MJ m–2 d–1). Growth did not recover in spring and summer at the end of the experiment. Inflorescences were initiated mainly from April to September under photoperiods <12 h. More floral buds initiated at 23°/18°C and 18°/13°C than at 28°/23°C and no floral initiation occurred at 33°/28°C. Inflorescence developme...


OBJECTIVE
Patient Safety Monitoring in International Laboratories (pSMILE) is a resource ensuring quality testing in clinical laboratories performing National Institutes of Health-funded HIV research requiring specific staff training. We demonstrate the development of an online asynchronous training model using Kern's 6-step approach to support pSMILE functions.

METHODS
An existing curriculum was revamped to incorporate Kern's approach. Metrics for success were described in rubrics with feedback guiding improvements and updates.

RESULTS
Curriculum updates took more than a year. Direct observations of skills informed curriculum changes. Module self-evaluations were reviewed to assess performance and the overall curriculum. The content, curriculum, and training documentation were deemed compliant with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001:2015.

CONCLUSION
Asynchronous training for highly skilled and self-directed staff is a novel way to deploy training while maintaining productivity of existing staff. Feedback and evaluation allowed for curriculum updates including previously underdeveloped topics. Kern's approach ensured that the needs of the sponsor, management, laboratories, and learners were met.


The purpose of this calculation is to develop axial profiles for estimating the axial variation in burnup of a boiling water reactor (BWR) assembly spent nuclear fuel (SNF) given the average burnup of an assembly. A discharged fuel assembly typically exhibits higher burnup in the center and lower burnup at the ends of the assembly. Criticality safety analyses taking credit for SNF burnup must account for axially varying burnup relative to calculations based on uniformly distributed assembly average burnup due to the under-burned tips. Thus, accounting for axially varying burnup in criticality analyses is also referred to as accounting for the ''end effect'' reactivity. The magnitude of the reactivity change due to ''end effect'' is dependent on the initial assembly enrichment, the assembly average burnup, and the particular axial profile characterizing the burnup distribution. The set of bounding axial profiles should incorporate multiple BWR core designs and provide statistical confidence (95 percent confidence that 95 percent of the population is bound by the profile) that end nodes are conservatively represented. The profiles should also conserve the overall burnup of the fuel assembly. More background on BWR axial profiles is provided in Attachment I.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a channel self-adapting method, which comprises the following steps of: receiving a microwave high frequency signal transmitted by a transmitting terminal; carrying out processing to the microwave high frequency signal to obtain a channel indication signal; configurating own setting frequency according to the channel indication signal; and carrying out communication with the transmitting terminal according to the transmitting frequency of the transmitting terminal. The embodiment of the invention also discloses a channel self-adapting device and a system thereof and the invention is applicable to a receiving terminal which adapts the transmitting frequency of the transmitting terminal automatically.


Objective To observe the expressions of cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and their relationships with neovascularization and tumor cell proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods The expressions of COX-2,VEGF,microvascular density(MVD) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) were examined by immunohistochemical technique(SABC method)in 62 cases with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Results The positive rates of COX-2 and VEGF in nasopharyngeal carcinoma was 77.42% and 53.23% respectively.But there was little expression of them in noncancerous specimens of nasopharyngus.The expression rates of COX-2 and VEGF were higher in the group of lymph node metastasis than those in the group of without lymph nodes metastasis(P0.01).The MVD and PCNA indexes were significantly higher in the COX-2 positive tumors than in the negative ones(P0.05).Conclusions The over-expressions of COX-2 and VEGF might play a crucial role in the carcinogenesis and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,which might enhance lymphatic metastasis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.


The seminal findings indicate that both Danish and Albertan physicians engaged with computers in the early 1990s; however, in Alberta the emphasis was on the recording of diagnosis and visit date for the purpose of payment for services by the provincial government, while in Denmark the emphasis was on creating an exchange mechanism between physicians utilizing existing standard protocols. In Denmark, physicians rapidly adopted locally provided EMRs, while in Alberta physicians retained paper records until the introduction of a standard process for reimbursing the costs of extended computer capability in 2001. While many of their peers in adjacent provincial or European Union country jurisdictions have languished with respect to EMR adoption, these two trajectories have led to nearly 100% of EMR adoption by general practitioners in Denmark as early as 2000 and 60% adoption by primary care physicians in Alberta by 2006. An evaluation of the similarities and differences points to various factors that have contributed to the rate of adoption of primary care physician office computing that may be important for future evaluations in other settings


Abstract Turbulence is a complex nonlinear and multi-scale phenomenon. Although the fundamental underlying equations, the Navier–Stokes equations, have been known for two centuries, it remains extremely challenging to extract from them the statistical properties of turbulence. Therefore, for practical purposes, a sustained effort has been devoted to obtaining an effective description of turbulence, that we may call turbulence modelling, or statistical theory of turbulence. In this respect, the renormalisation group (RG) appears as a tool of choice, since it is precisely designed to provide effective theories from fundamental equations by performing in a systematic way the average over fluctuations. However, for Navier–Stokes turbulence, a suitable framework for the RG, allowing in particular for non-perturbative approximations, has been missing, which has thwarted RG applications for a long time. This framework is provided by the modern formulation of the RG called the functional renormalisation group (FRG). The use of the FRG has enabled important progress in the theoretical understanding of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. The major one is the rigorous derivation, from the Navier–Stokes equations, of an analytical expression for any Eulerian multi-point multi-time correlation function, which is exact in the limit of large wavenumbers. We propose in this JFM Perspectives article a survey of the FRG method for turbulence. We provide a basic introduction to the FRG and emphasise how the field-theoretical framework allows one to systematically and profoundly exploit the symmetries. We stress that the FRG enables one to describe fully developed turbulence forced at large scales, which was not accessible by perturbative means. We show that it yields the energy spectrum and second-order structure function with accurate estimates of the related constants, and also the behaviour of the spectrum in the near-dissipative range. Finally, we expound the derivation of the spatio-temporal behaviour of $n$-point correlation functions, and largely illustrate these results through the analysis of data from experiments and direct numerical simulations.


An apology is in order for the whimsical manner of speaking that we grammarians use, not only in the classroom and in private discussion, but frequently even in published material. When we say, for example, that English @ is sometimes a voiced sound and sometimes voiceless, it may not be clear to the uninitiated that this apparently meaningless statement is only our peculiar way of saying that there are two interdental spirants, one voiced and the other voiceless. It is our preoccupation with the conventional orthographic representation of these sounds that leads us to take the written symbols a s the point of departure for our statement about the sounds. It might be argued that in order to be completely scientific in talking abouf a language we ought to revamp our modes of expression to say exactly what we mean. And probably all would agree that considerable care in this regard should be exercised in the deliberate formulation of phonetic and grammatical propositions. But in everyday discourse it is difficult and not particularly necessary to avoid our customary figures of speech in the interests of strict accuracy. As long a s the hidden implications of our informal statements can be readily inferred, we permit ourselves to use a number of metaphorical turns of phrase. It is our usual practice to refer to the articles in English as "a, a", and the." And in usin this formula, we realize a re all included. Obviously, we say both a and a" because these forms a re distinguished in spelling; but we do not say both [ 6il and [sa], because these forms a re not distinguished in spelling, even though they are actually a s distinct a s 5 and an. If our audience is aware of the variations in form of the articles, we can use the conventional formula "a, a", and the" with the tacit implication that all involved forms a re included. Another example, used more often by laymen than grammarians, is the expression "dropping the g." We can readily that The forms T, a, e n , an, 6i, B


The Rayleigh-Benard problem has been studied using discrete-particle simulation of a two-dimensional fluid in a square box. The presence of temporal periodicity in the convective roll structure was observed, but, more significantly, different simulation runs under identical conditions but with initial states that differed in ways that are seemingly irrelevant at the macroscopic level exhibited very different forms of pattern evolution. The final state always consisted of a horizontally adjacent pair of rolls.


Several authors from various disciplines such as cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, and psychometrics have developed rule assessment methods for diagnosing students' misconceptions. Siegler's (1976, 1978) binary decision tree method was illustrated in the context of the problem of balance scales and Anderson's (1974, 1981) functional method was developed for diagnosing errors occurring during the operation of integrating functional rules. A group of artificial intelligence researchers (Brown & Burton, 1978; Brown & VanLehn, 1980; VanLehn, 1981) developed a computer program "DEBUGGY" that can diagnose a number of erroneous rules resulting from misconceptions ("bugs") in whole number subtraction problems. These investigations were motivated by an interest in the basic foundations of knowledge structure and development in human cognition. Tatsuoka and her associates (Tatsuoka, Baillie, & Yamamoto, 1982; Tatsuoka, Birenbaum, Tatsuoka, & Baillie, 1980) also developed a computer program that can diagnose a number of erroneous rules in signed-number addition and subtraction problems, but they were motivated primarily by the exploration of psychometric properties of bugs such as changes in error types or the stability of misconceptions committed by a student throughout a test (Birenbaum & Tatsuoka, 1980; Tatsuoka, 1981; Tatsuoka & Tatsuoka, 1983). Analysis of misconceptions can provide useful information in evaluating instruction or instructional materials as well as specific prescriptions for planning remediation for a student. For example, the source of many of the misconceptions committed by students is often the ambiguity of explanations or the lack of precise, accurate instructions in teaching material. It is useful to have such computer programs in educational practice. However, constructing a DEBUGGY-type system for domains more general than arithmetic is extremely difficult and time consuming. On the other hand, personal indices that are designed to summarize response patterns can be used for detecting anomalous patterns (Drasgow, 1982; Harnisch & Linn, 1981; Levine & Rubin, 1979; Sato, 1975; Tatsuoka & Tatsuoka, 1982; Wright & Stone, 1979) which may result from applications of some erroneous rules, but they have only limited power. For instance, these indices cannot diagnose sources of misconceptions or provide prescriptive information for remediating them. Nevertheless, the use of personal indices is economical and applicable to general areas because such indices can first be used to spot candidates among students who may possibly possess misconceptions and may hence need personal attention from teachers. This procedure seems to be widely used in Japan (Sato, 1982). This study develops a model to fill the gap between the rule-assessing methods and the personal-index approach. The number of different erroneous rules already discovered in


Power industry is the energy producer as well as the main energy consumer. The energy saving of power industry plays a vital role in china's energy saving. Some main efficiency indexes of china's power industry were selected, and the energy efficiency in the process of power generation, distribution and consumption was studied, and the scarcity for energy efficiency of power industry in China was found through the comparison with developed countries. Based on this, the energy saving strategy approach of China's power industry was put forward.


This paper presents a genre‐based conceptual framework for designing content forlearning objects. Some content aggregation models are reviewed in order to stress the lack of suchan approach. In this framework, learning objects are considered as multimodal macrogenres. Thesemacrogenres are constituted of content objects which in fact are several types of digitalmicrogenres. The information linking of content objects can be achieved through particular logicosemanticrelations between them. Finally, if adopting this framework, an author/teacher issupported by a repertoire of concepts which make him capable of creating coherent material inorder to affect and motivate his/her students in particular ways, through his/her intended socialand educational purposes.


We studied the Seebeck coefficient S of sputtered Zn0.98Al0.02O samples with free carrier concentrations varying from 1018 to 1021 cm–3. The temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient at low carrier concentrations exhibits typical semiconductor behavior (S < 0 and pronounced phonon drag below 80K) whereas the metallic as-grown Zn0.98Al0.02O shows a sign reversal of the Seebeck coefficient with decreasing temperature which is related to the not square-root-like density of states of this degenerately doped metallic material. Furthermore, metallic specimens were microstructured by photolithography and wet-chemical etching with a pattern based on a square grid with a unit cell consisting of a centered square-hole. The Seebeck coefficient changed systematically with decreasing size of the unit cell. The change of S is caused by a shift of the Fermi energy due to the creation of additional surface traps at the sidewalls of the micro holes (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


SUMMARY The paper examines the contexts of Galileo's Copernican letters, with particular reference to the preparation and publication of the ISTORIA e dimostrazioni intorno alle macchie solari e loro accidenti (1613).It emphasizes that Galileo's reference to the Holy Scriptures aimed at stating the incompatibility between the Bible and the peripatetic and thomistic doctrines. Galileo wanted to make the new physical truths free from the theological autority.


To a method and a power control method of detecting DTX frames in frames received over a communication channel is disclosed, the radio link protocol (RLP) information received over the channel is received based on said RLP information, the RLP information one or more frames may be determined as a laser or a DTX frame is associated. This determination can be included in the outer-loop power control algorithms for adjusting a threshold related to the specific quality of service. Communication channel, DTX frame, RLP information


A central question in Potential Theory is the extent to which the geometry of a domain influences the boundary regularity of solutions to divergence form elliptic operators. To answer this question one studies the properties of the corresponding elliptic measure. On the other hand one of the central questions in Geometric Measure Theory (GMT) is the extent to which the regularity of a measure determines the geometry of its support. The goal of this paper is to present a few instances in which techniques from GMT and Harmonic Analysis come together to produce new results in both of these areas. In particular, the work described in section 3 makes it clear that for this type of problems in higher dimensions, GMT is the right alternative to complex analysis in dimension 2.


This paper studies discrete-time multiobjective Markov control processes (MCPs) on Borel spaces and with unbounded costs. Under mild assumptions, it shows the existence of Pareto optimal control policies, which are also characterized as optimal policies for a certain class of single-objective ( or "scalar") MCPs. A similar result is obtained for strong Pareto optimal policies, which are Pareto optimal policies whose cost vector is the closest, in the Euclidean norm, to the virtual minimum. To obtain these results, the basic idea is to transform the multiobjective MCP into an equivalent multiobjective measure problem (MMP). In addition, MMP is restated as a primal multiobjective linear program and it is shown that solving the scalarized MCPs is in fact the same as solving the dual of MMP. A multiobjective LQ example illustrates the main results.


The study examined the adoption of insecticide treated nets (ITN) among rural dwellers in Rivers State. The study was carried out in Ahoada-West and Opobo/Nkoro Local Government Areas. Structured interview schedule was used to elicit information from 200 respondents using the simple random sampling techniques. Data collected were presented using descriptive statistics. Findings from study established that majority (61%) of the respondents is females, between the ages of 30- 40 years (60%) and are singles (60%). Also, majority (62%) of the respondents had a household size of 1-4, where 66% of them are two years old and they live in three bedroom bungalow. All (100%) the respondents from the five communities in Opobo/Nkoro LGA were aware of the use of ITN and an average of 83% adopted it, while all (100%) of the respondents in Ahoada-East LGA were aware of ITN but an average of 41% adopted it. Poverty/hunger (x=2.90), inadequate information /education and communication (x=3.30), inadequate community Health extension workers (x=3.10), distance between Health centres and villages/Hamlets (x=3.20) and heat associated with sleeping with ITN (x=3.10) were considered as constraints to the adoption of ITN.


Advances in mechanical circulatory support have been critical in bridging patients awaiting heart transplantation. In addition, improvement in device durability has enabled left ventricular assist device therapy to be applied as destination therapy in those not felt to be transplant candidate. Because of the increasing complexity of patients, there continues to be a need for alternative strategies for device implantation to bridge high-risk patients awaiting heart transplantation, wherein the risks of numerous previous sternotomies may be prohibitive. We present a unique technique for placement of the HeartWare ventricular assist device via left anterior thoracotomy to the descending aorta in a patient awaiting heart transplantation with a history of multiple previous sternotomies.


Co-Zn complex oxide catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation of high concentration dye wastewater containing Disperse Rubine S-2GFL were prepared by coprecipitation methods.The results showed that Co-Zn(1∶1)catalyst calcined at 400℃ exhibited better activity,the highest COD removal efficiency was achieved to 80% after 60 minutes reaction when the reaction conditions were 150℃,1.0-1.2MPa,COD of Qisperse Rubine dye wastewater 10000mg/L.


This is a revised version of a book originally published by Witan Publishing. Supplementary materials and other purchasing options can be found online at WitanPublishing.com.


Treatment of ARD in a reactive barrier or an alkaline filter prior to release to the recipient is a desired and often suggested alternative. Alkaline candidate materials for the purpose that are ch ...


To recognize a target submerged in water, a spectroscopy based on the backscattering spectrum or on the resonance spectrum can be used. These spectra are experimentally obtained from the quasiharmonic or short pulse method of isolation and identification of resonances (MIIR). They show sharp amplitude variations that are related to the scatterer's resonances. These resonances are related to the surface waves that propagate around the target. The backscattering spectrum and the resonance spectrum are power spectra. They are obtained from the computation of the modulus of the Fourier transform of the signal scattered by the target. In this paper, the computation of the phase tangent of the Fourier transform is presented. The spectra obtained are called the Im/Re spectra. The experimental results are compared with the computation of the ratio of the imaginary part over the real part of the complex pressure observed at a large distance from the target center. It is shown that the Im/Re spectra are highly usef...


This survey of 110 adults in 24 states provides information regarding how adults with visual disabilities arrange transportation, what they perceive to be the sources of frustration they face regarding their nondriving status, and how they perceive nondriving to affect their life-styles. In addition, the respondents reported on the extent to which they believed different categories of persons in their lives understand the logistical and psychosocial impact of being a nondriver.


This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance mechanism to financial distress. The dependent variable of this study is financial distress which is proxied as dummy variable has interest coverage ratio less than one. The independent of this study are managerial ownership, institutional ownership, foreign ownership, government ownership, blockholder ownership, size of board of commissioner, and independent of board of commisioner. Control variables in this study are firm size, net profit margin, payout ratio, leverage and sales growth.
Population of this study are manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2012-2016. This study used purposive sampling method and logistic regression as the data analysis. Total samples are 310 companies.
The results of analysis showed that the institutional ownership and size of board of commisioner expert in a significant negative effect on financial distress, while managerial ownership, foreign ownership, government ownership, blockholder ownership and independent of board of commisioner did not significantly affect the financial distress.


We performed chest x-rays, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and echocardiograms (ECHOs) on 35 hypertensive and 35 normotensive subjects 14-16 years of age who were matched for age, race, sex, and body size (ponderal index). All hypertensive patients had elevation of systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure at or above the 95th percentile for age on 3 consecutive examinations. No patient in either group showed cardiomegaly on chest x-ray. Five hypertensive patients (14%) and 7 control subjects (20%) had ECG criteria for LVH, indicating no significant difference between the groups. Analysis of ECHOs showed the mean left ventricular wall thickness (LVT) in hypertensives was 7.8mm±0.87 (SD), compared with 6.5mm±0.81 in the controls. Left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVM/BSA) averaged 82±15 and 70±15 respectively. LVT was then also indexed to BSA and using our control data we defined the upper limits of normal in terms of the 90th percentile values: for LVT/BSA this was 0.470, and for LVM/BSA this was 100. Of hypertensive patients, 23% had LVT/BSA above the 90th percentile and 17% had LVM/BSA, above this level. For controls, only 3% had elevated LVT/BSA, and 6% had elevated LVM/BSA. These findings suggest that ECHO may be a more useful method than either chest x-ray or ECG to detect LVH in hypertensive adolescents.


This study tried to provide an extension of understanding to the classroom management phenomenon for teachers and teacher trainers. Thus through a mixed-method design, the present study intends to investigate, and define different aspects of ELT-based classroom management by employing quantitative and qualitative methods. To reach this aim, in qualitative phase, interviews were done with 16 ELT teachers and experts, and the results were subjected to content analysis. The results of the content analysis were 23 main categories which covered three major themes. In the quantitative phase, the 56-item questionnaire (ELT-CMS), based on the findings of the qualitative phase, were administered. The results of the 267 completed and usable questionnaires were fed into exploratory factor analysis to identify the underlying structure of ELT based classroom management, and into confirmatory factor analysis to check the validity of the model as a good fit for the data. The proposed model of this study consisting of three distinct but related components has been tested and validated. This overarching construct, encompassing language management, structure management and behavior management can be measured through ELT-CMS. The results showed that language management is the most significant factor influencing classroom management in ELT, and has been ignored in the available instruments, which are widely used in ELT field studies. The results of this study have important implications for English Language teacher education and invite EFL teacher educators to put more emphasis on classroom management dimensions in pre-service and in-service training programs.


Tatts Group Limited (Tatts) advises that its application for special leave to appeal to the High Court of Australia regarding the decision of the Victorian Court of Appeal in the Health Benefit Levy matter has been dismissed. The application was made by Tatts following the judgment of the Victorian Court of Appeal which upheld the Victorian Treasurer's determination to impose a Health Benefit Levy of $42,607,106 on Tatts in respect of the 46 day period during which Tatts conducted its Victorian gaming operations in the financial year ended 30 June 2013. As the full impact of the Health Benefit Levy (excluding costs) was recognised in Tatts' FY14 financial accounts, there is no additional impact on Tatts' financial accounts as a result of today's decision.


Component technology is an attracting mean for software development since it offers many advantages as reusability, interoperability, and adaptability. Various models and frameworks, either formal or informal ones, are developed around component oriented paradigm. The Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi) is one of the mainstream component-enabling technologies used for the creation of many industrial-strength software systems. However, albeit OSGi is an efficient framework, it lacks formal tools to verify OSGI software systems consistency and correctness such the cycle-freeness and the absence of deadlocks. In this paper, we focus on the verification of such properties. Firstly we propose a Maude-based formal model for OSGi applications. This model allows the design of OSGi applications and the description of schemes between the underlying bundles. Then, we use a checking technique in Maude framework to verify system correctness regarding cycle-freeness.


The high-latitude ionosphere is strongly coupled to the thermosphere and magnetosphere. The magnetospheric coupling occurs via electric fields, field-aligned currents, and particle precipitation. Owing to the interaction of the shocked solar wind with the geomagnetic field, an electric potential difference is generated across the tail of the magnetosphere, with the resulting electric field pointing from dawn to dusk. Energetic particle precipitation from the magnetosphere in the auroral region leads to the creation of ionization and to electron, ion, and neutral gas heating. In order to assess the current understanding of plasma transport and convection at high latitudes, it is necessary to take account of the strong coupling between the ionosphere, thermosphere, and magnetosphere.


— As the complexity of evolving integrated circuits and the number of cores in each chip increase, reliability aspects are becoming an important issue in complex chip designs. In this paper, presents a Review of Previous works on On-Chip Network Design Using an Agent-based Management Method an on-chip network architecture that incorporates a novel agentbased management method to enhance the reliability and performance of network-based Chip Multi-Processor (CMP) and System-on-Chip (SoC) designs against faulty links and routers. In addition, to utilize the fault information required for the routing process in a scalable manner, to classify the fault information to be exploited in the distributed and hierarchical management structure.


The generalized least-squares method with non-negativity constraint is developed to analyze positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectra to obtain lifetimes and intensities. The method for obtaining the instrumental function from a single-component PAL spectrum is demonstrated. The present code is tested using computer simulated lifetime data.


Objective
To explore the clinical, electrophysiological and molecular genetics features of Kennedy disease (KD) which might contribute to early diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis of KD.

Methods
The clinical and electrophysiological data of 13 patients with KD, admitted to our hospital from December 2013 to March 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. The (CAG) repeats in the exon 1 of androgen receptor (AR) gene were conducted by capillary electrophoresis.

Results
All patients appeared chronic course. Progressive weakness of limbs and muscular atrophy, including lingual muscle and bulbar muscle, were the specific clinical characteristics. Ten patients presented with barymastia and 11 patients with hormonal imbalance. Electromyography (EMG) showed decline of sensory nerve action potential amplitude in most patients. A widespread neuronal damage, such as increased duration of motor unit action potential, fibrillation potential, fascicular potential and positive sharp wave, could be detected. AR gene mutations were detected in all 13 patients. The number of (CAG) repeats expansion in exon 1 of AR gene ranged from 40 to 54.

Conclusions
The impairment of lower motor neuron, bulbar palsy and hormonal imbalance are the main clinical features in patients with KD. EMG shows chronic widespread neuronal damage. AR gene mutation detection plays a vital role in the final diagnosis of KD.

Key words:
Kennedy disease; Electrophysiology; Androgen receptor gene


The aim of this study was to (a) compare children's perspectives of problematic eating behaviours with those of mothers and (b) check if there are differences in the level of these problematic eating behaviours between girls and boys in different age groups (young children: 8–11 years old vs. adolescents: 12–16 years old). The study involved 203 children (50.74% girls) and 203 mothers. The average age of children was 11.06 years (SD = 2.31), and the average BMI was 18.27 kg/m2 (SD = 2.29). Two questionnaires were used to assess children's perspectives of problematic eating behaviours: The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R13) and the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire for Children (DEBQ-C). One questionnaire was used to evaluate mothers' perspectives: The Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). The main results in the study indicate the following: (a) the children's perspective based on the DEBQ-C is the most effective at predicting their BMI (this model of problematic eating behaviours explains 29% of the variance in the child's BMI); and (b) for almost all problematic eating behaviours, older girls have the highest levels. From the current study, it can be concluded that the type of questionnaire (TFEQ-R13 vs. DEBQ-C vs. CEBQ) and the perspective (child vs. mother) differentiate the results obtained regarding the assessment of children's problematic eating behaviours and their relation to BMI.


The paper presents the investigation on the influence of different geometric parameters such as the chevron angle  , pressing depth b and corrugation wave length l on thermal-hydraulic performances of corrugated channels, commonly employed in plate heat exchangers. In order to fully understand a rather complex flow phenomena occurring in corrugated channels, a number of dye based visualization tests have been conducted on two channels with chevron angles  =28° and  =61° at low Re-number flow conditions. The existence of two flow components has been recorded. The influence of flow components on the heat transfer depends mainly upon the angle  and Re-number as well as on the aspect ratio b/l. The exception are plates with the angle  <45° where the aspect ratio b/l does not significantly influence neither thermal nor hydraulic performances. Also, the influence of b/l on heat transfer declines as Re- numbers decrease. Thermal-hydraulic performances are evaluated in terms of the heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and area goodness factor calculated from experimental data reported in the literature. Results indicate higher increase of the pressure drop relative to increase in the heat transfer for plates with deeper grooves (higher b/l) at fixed Re-number and angle  .


The authors report three cases of patients suffering from repeated infection of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Mucociliary clearance, measured in the nasal fossae by coloured indicators, is reduced. Both transmission and scanning electronic ultramicroscopic study of the vibratile cilia show a morphological malformation of "hockey-stick" appearance, while the structure of the exonemal microtubular apparatus is normal and complete. This morphological ciliary abnormality is held to be responsible for the respiratory pathology in the three cases observed.


[1] Remote sensing represents a prospective tool to complement in situ measurements for monitoring particulate matter air pollution. The remotely sensed aerosol metric which is generally related to the in situ measured particulate matter mass concentration (PM) is the aerosol optical thickness (AOT), the vertically integrated aerosol extinction that optically quantifies the aerosol load in the whole atmospheric column. Annual variations in AOT and PM can follow very different patterns, indicating that the AOT-to-PM conversion is not straightforward. In the Po Valley, northern Italy, AOT and PM seasonal cycles exhibit a marked phase shift. Making use of aerosol extinction vertical profiles derived from continuous aerosol lidar measurements, we further searched through the AOT-to-PM10 relationship in this region. On the basis of a 2-year (2006–2007) multisensor database, including remote sensing observations from ground and space and in situ measurements, this study: (1) discloses for the first time the height-resolved seasonal variability of the aerosol optical properties in the Po Valley, (2) demonstrates and quantifies the crucial role of the aerosol vertical distribution in the AOT-to-PM relationship in this region, (3) suggests a methodology to rescale AOT to ground-level aerosol extinction values that correlate with PM concentration and from which PM10 annual average and exceedances frequency of daily limit value can be retrieved within a few percentage points, and (4) highlights that the hygroscopic growth of the particles in the atmosphere is a critical factor for comparing in situ-measured to remotely sensed aerosol properties.


ABSTRACT Social networking sites enable people to connect, communicate and share ideas. These sites have therefore become key for information sharing. Particularly, academics and researchers have adopted them for networking and collaborations. This study seeks to investigate how embedded persuasive features on social networking sites designed for academics and researchers affect continuous use intention. The study adopted an existing model for assessing the effectiveness of persuasive features on systems and sampled 416 participants who are engaged in academic research and analyzed their responses. The results indicate that Social Support, Computer–Human Dialogue Support and Primary Task Support significantly impact how users perceive social networking sites designed for effective academic work. Contrary to existing knowledge that Perceived Credibility, Perceived Effectiveness, Perceived Effort and Perceived Social Support all impact an individual's Intention to Continuous Use of a system, only Perceived Credibility was observed to impact Intention to Use continuously. The findings also proved that affective ties and mutual support on academic social networking sites influence behaviour.


Abstract : A series of polyimide resins with low-melt viscosities in the range of 10-30 poise and high glass transition temperatures (Tg's) of 330-370 degrees C were developed for resin transfer molding (RTM) applications. These polyimide resins were formulated from 2,3,3' 4' - biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (a-BPDA) with 4-phenylethynylphthalic anhydride endcaps along with either 3,4, -oxyaniline (3,4' - ODA), 3,4, -methylenedianiline, (3,4' -MDA) or 3,3, -methylenedianiline (3,3' -MDA). These polyimides had pot lives of 30-60 minutes at 260-280 degrees C, enabling the successful fabrication of T650-35 carbon fiber reinforced composites via RTM process. Mechanical properties including open hole compression and short beam shear data were collected at room temperature, 288 degrees C and 315 degrees C were determined. These new resin composites showed excellent retention of properties at 315 degrees C (600 degrees F).


Previous validation and reliability research using the Self-motivation Inventory examined perseverance at a physically demanding exercise regime ( 1 , 2 ) and found scores more effective in predicting adherence than many other theoretically linked selfimage constructs; but psychometric information with regard to intellectual or affective tasks was nonexistent. This study examined the utility of total scores to predict students' perseverance within a postgraduate course in Psychological Counselling and found that the inventory effectively differentiated between those who did and did not complete the course ( t l o = 1.89, p < .05, one-tailed test). Of the 4 6 subjects ( 1 8 men, 28 women), 75% of those whose scores were below the median of 158 and who did not complete the course could be accurately predicted (i.e., 6 out of 8 smdents). and 65% of subjects who scored above the median and completed the course could be accurately predicted (i.e., 22 out of 34 students). The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) I was .91, which compares favourably to prior coefficients ( .86 to .92; 1 ) . However, there were six items within the 40-item test that had low item-total correlations. These six items, with their corrected item-total correlations in parentheses, were: ( 3 ) "I can persevere with stressful tasks, even though they are physically tiring and painful" ( . 0 9 ) ; ( 3 0 ) "I'm not likely to put myself out if I don't need to" ( . 2 3 ) , ( 3 3 ) "I often work to the point of exhaustion" ( .21) , ( 3 4 ) "I don't impose much structure on my activities" ( .07) , ( 3 5 ) "1 never force myself to do things I don't feel like doing" (.21), and ( 3 8 ) "I can persist in spite of failure" ( .23) . These six items had item-total correlations more than one standard deviation lower than the average for all 40 items ( M = .43, SD = .16, high = .79, low = .07), and their inclusion in the inventory is open to question, particularly Items 3 ( .09) and 34 ( .07). It appears that imposition of structure upon activities and perseverance at tasks when physically tired or in pain are not necessarily predictors of high motivation and task commitment for intellectual or affective tasks such as those used as the independent variable in this study. The value of the inventory 3s a predictor of adherence to intellecmal or affective tasks is sufficient for further use, particularly if Items 3 and 34 are deleted.


The invention discloses a piezoelectric-material-based energy feedback suspension device, and belongs to the technical field of automotive energy saving and emission reduction. A piezoelectric energy feedback module is additionally arranged on a spring of the conventional Mcpherson suspension, comprises a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators, and is sleeved on a piston rod, and a part of energy in a vibration process of a vibration absorber is recovered by utilizing the characteristic that the piezoelectric vibrators are squeezed to generate electric energy, and is converted into the electric energy. Voltage generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrators can be supplied to a power supply network or a storage battery of a vehicle after being converted by a voltage regulator. According to the device, the vibration energy of the suspension in a driving process of the vehicle is completely utilized and converted to generate power, the consumption of any energy source is avoided, and the device is high in reliability, safe, energy-saving and environment-friendly.