Abstract: In recent years, DC-DC converters find many applications in low to medium power range. The isolated converters are used in medium power application such as military, electric vehicle (EV) and space industries since they provide isolation between input and output and protection from input side faults. These are made capable of providing a specified output voltage by managing the PWM pulses delivered to the switching device's gate. This paper presents use of voltage feed-forward method which helps in suppressing effect of input line harmonics and disturbances and gives regulated output voltage. The converter is operating at a switching frequency of 140 kHz and behaviour of switching device is not taken into consideration. The converter has protection circuits like over voltage protection (OVP), over current protection (OCP) on input and outputs, under voltage protection (UVP) which protects from abnormal operating condition. The design and simulation results of the feed-forward technique with type-2 compensation and protection circuits are discussed.


Mechanical control of the modern small-diameter circular knitting machines is substituted elektromechanical control systems in this time. This contribution deals in project of the elektromechanical control for the step and continual change of the density of the knitted fabric. Stepping motor with electronic control was used for drive. This motor is acceptable for control of the density of the knitted fabric. There was made dynamic analysis of the mechanic system and was suggested adequate mechanism structure and stepping motor type with requested loading moment. Results will be employed for development smalldiameter circular knitting machines in UNIPLET Trebic.


Radiation transport calculations have been carried out to aid in the design of in-vessel components in th International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The calculations have concentrated on the shielding blanket and vacuum vessel to estimate the neutron and gamma-ray responses in the superconducting toroidal coil assembly and the radiation environment inside the cryostat region. One-dimensional transport methods were used to estimate the overall performance of the in-vessel components and determine the extent to which plasma neutrons are attenuated in the shielding blanket and vacuum vessel. Radiation damage responses in reactor components were also calculated. Multi-dimensional deterministic and Monte Carlo calculations were used to assess specific design problems. This paper summarizes the results of some of the calculations performed to date. The installation at the Garching JWS of radiation transport codes and cross-section data for use by Joint Central Team staff and Home Team analysis is also discussed.


A controllable multi-frequency absorption structure predicated on a one-dimensional magnetized ferrite photonic crystals (MFPCs) that achieves coherent perfect absorption is designed and further analyzed by utilizing the transfer matrix method. By introducing the filter structures to the MFPC and using the gradient descent optimization algorithms to optimize its layer parameters, the multi-frequency coherent absorption curve is obtained. The suggested MFPC brings out about six absorption peaks whose absorptance can be higher than 0.99 at the same time under the transverse electric mode. Moreover, the absorptance can be regulated from 0.99 to less than 0.1 by merely changing the phase deviation between the two incident waves to the front and rear surfaces. Besides, the studied results demonstrate that the intensity of coherent absorption and the position of absorption peaks can be adapted by altering the magnetic field and the thicknesses of ferrite layers. It follows that the absorption peaks can cover most frequency points from 58.6 to 65.9 THz via changing the thicknesses of the external magnetic field and ferrite layers. Moreover, the structure also has the potential for wide-angle absorption. This research furnishes a significant reference for the design of the multi-frequency absorption optoelectronic device and phase sensor.


A multiple internal reflection infrared monitoring system based on two-prism coupling geometry has been developed for the quantitative measurement of organic contamination on 200 or 300 mm silicon wafers. The method is rapid, simple, and can be carried out nondestructively. Varying the distance between the prisms couplers allows one to perform absolute infrared absorption measurements without the need of a reference wafer. On 300 mm silicon wafers CH2 and CH3 surface concentrations as low as 4×1012 cm−2 can be measured.


Backgroud: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia are categorized as idiopathic chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia (FIP). Survival after respiratory hospitalization (RH) in FIP as a whole has not been sufficiently examined. Methods: Three hundred and ninety-four consecutive patients with FIP (73.1±7.9 y.o.) who underwent evaluation as general practice in our University hospital between January 2008 and August 2017 and were followed-up thereafter were included in the study. The diagnosis of FIP was made according to the ATS/ERS statement 2013. The occurrence of RH and the survival after the RH were reviewed. Results: The mean follow-up period was 1130±935 days, and 127 patients (32.2%) were deceased. Multivariate regression analysis showed that female sex (HR 0.30, 95%CI 0.18-0.51, p Conclusions: Survival after RH with AE and non-AE were equivalent in FIP. Survival after RH in patients with definite UIP pattern on chest HRCT was worse than those with non-definite UIP pattern.


This article investigates the political function of human rights in 16th-century Spain just after the conquest of America. It claims that the study of this period of early globalization is relevant for an understanding of the function of human rights discourses today, at the "end" of globalization. Historically speaking, human rights are closely connected with globalization, but at the same time, they raise the question about the foundation of globalization: is there a universal community or only economic and political power-relations? This article argues that the political use of human rights discourses is split down the middle: it serves both as a critique of power and as an extension of power, and the disclosure of this split helps us understand the inner politics of human rights. The article discusses the trial in Valladolid in 1550 when the rights of the barbarian Indians of America were put on trial. It focuses mainly on the arguments made by Bartolomé de las Casas and on the reasons why the King allowed las Casas' fierce critique of the conquest to be published in a period of otherwise severe censorship. This article is inspired by Etienne Balibar's idea of "politics of universalism," "political autonomy," and "equaliberty." Karen-Margrethe L. Simonsen, Doctor Phil., Associate Professor, Comparative Literature, Department of Aesthetics and Communication, Aarhus University, Director of the Research Unit, Humanistic Studies of Human Rights. Publications: Law and Justice in Literature, Film and Theatre. Nordic Perspectives on Law and Humanities, Ed. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter, Series: Law and Literature, 2013, Law and Literature. Interdisciplinary Readings and Perspectives, (ed. with. Ditlev Tamm) Copenhagen: DJØF Publishing House, 2010, "Towards a New Europe? On Emergent and Transcultural Literary Histories" in Cosmopolitanism as related to European literature, ed. Theo D'Haen and César Domínguez, Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi Press, forthcoming 2013, "Global Panopticism. On the Eye of Power in Modern Surveillance Society and Post-Orwellian Self-Surveillance and Sousveillance-Strategies in Modern Art" in ""Visualizing Law and Authority. Essays on Legal Aesthetics"," ed. Leif Dahlberg in the series Law and Literature, De Gruyter, forthcoming 2012, "To See and not to See: On the Eye of Power in Modern Surveillance Societies and Post-Orwellian Selfsurveillance Strategies in Tracking Transience by Hasan Elahi" Pólemos. Rivista semestrale di diritto, politica e cultura, vol. 1, 2011, p. 47–60, "Holocaust Literature and the Shaping of European Identity after the Second World War: The Case of Jorge Semprún"." European Identity and the Second World War, edited by M. Spiering and M.J. Wintle, London: Macmillan/Palgrave, 2011, p. 256-–278.


In the context of a circular economy/zero-waste, the conversion of extractive wastes into new products is of particular importance. At the Grecian Magnesite SA mine (Chalkidiki, N. Greece), millions of tons of waste accumulate in the operation field. To achieve these goals, the effect of caustic calcined magnesia (MgO) at 10, 15, and 20 wt.% was investigated in combination with 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt.% Fe2O3 at 1300 °C and 1600 °C for 120 min. The main refractory properties were determined along with the mineralogical content. The morphological examination has been performed by SEM-EDS analysis. The addition of MgO increases the desired olivine and eliminates the unwanted pyroxenes, causing the formation of magnesium-ferrite and periclase. MgO wt.% addition resulted in the decrease of firing shrinkage at 1300 °C but increased with Fe2O3. At 1600 °C, firing shrinkage had a minimum value at the optimum MgO dose. Mechanical strength at 1600 °C achieved a maximum value at the optimum MgO dose plus 5 wt.% MgO and 2.5 wt.% Fe2O3 due to sintering process/magnesioferrite formation. These results indicate that MgO and Fe2O3 upgrade the refractoriness of magnesite mining wastes due to the diffusion of Fe2O3 in MgO excess.


The synthesis and characterisation is reported of a low molecular weight organic compound to exhibit the biaxial smectic A (SmAb) phase, which shows a transition from the partial bilayer uniaxial SmAd phase to the SmAdb phase as the temperature is lowered.


The form of cavitation formation and discusses the theory of cavitation phenomena was introduced.Give prominence to two key concepts related with cavitation——NPSHa and NPSHr.According to the suction device and backflow device,the computational formula of NPSH was presented.On the basis,the improving method of centrifugal pump cavitation resistance was Listed.


It points out that the deep muddy foundation dewatering mainly considers the foundation hygrometric forming,discusses the deep muddy foundation dewatering design and construction from three aspects of hygrometric well design,hole-forming construction technology,and well forming construction technology.Thus,it ensures the stability of foundation slab in construction.


Luminescent properties of the supramolecular complex, [Re(bpy)(CO)3{py-CH[CH(COOMe)2]2}]+
(3, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), containing a novel ionophore precursor, py-CH[CH(COOMe)2]2
(1), with two adjacent dimethyl malonate moieties joined together by a pyridine substituted methylene bridge, are found to respond selectively to Ba2+ upon deprotonation of the two malonate moieties.


Purpose
This research has the potential to contribute to the understanding of the sustainable ground handling operations framework. Ramp operations as the main system of ground handling include critical services for aircraft/airlines. The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors in ramp operations for all related stakeholders' awareness to enhance flight safety. Classifying risk factors, the four main performance fields under risk taxonomy is determined. Thus, managers may allocate resources effectively to handle related threats for corporate sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach
New taxonomy with human performance value indicators, which sources from the environment is developed. New developed taxonomy is entitled as "environmental value approach," which represents environmental value-based approach. The developed new risk factors taxonomy is divided into groups such as ramp personnel, organizational, sustainability-based risk factors: triple view and ergonomics obtained from an extensive literature review and experts' opinions in the field of human performance.

Findings
The findings of this research show that managers need a risk management-oriented approach to manage the human factor affecting performance and sustainability. The newly developed taxonomy offers not only identifying the sources of unsafe operational risk factors but also using as a decision-support tool to manage risks for achieving their sustainability goals. When managerial decisions are made according to risk taxonomy and managing these risks, then corporate performance and individual performance may improve.

Originality/value
The new taxonomy presents the performance-based management of the human factor with a holistic and systematic risk management-based approach. There is no risk taxonomy study designed considering ramp operations and sustainability-based human factor performance.


228 Background: The prognostic implications on outcomes of symptomatic presentation of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) remains unclear. Methods: Patients who underwent curative-intent resection of nonfunctional, well-differentiated GEP NETs from 2000-2014 at a single institution were analyzed. Patients were classified as symptomatic if clinical symptoms were present at diagnosis. Primary end points were distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 339pts were identified, of which 208pts (61%) were symptomatic at presentation. Symptomatic presentation was associated with younger age at presentation (55vs59yrs, p = 0.001), higher tumor grade (38vs21%, p = 0.027), LVI (58vs33%, p < 0.001), PNI (53vs30%, p = 0.002), and advanced disease (T3/T4/N1/M1 63vs44%, p = 0.002), but not tumor size (2.6vs2.5cm, p = 0.74). Symptomatic presentation was associated with decreased DRFS but not OS. When accounting for race, tumor size, positive resection mar...


ABSTRACT Acoustical, mechanical, and quality parameters of ripe winter-grown melons were tested in sample fruit sectors from different depths, and the relationships among them were analyzed. The modulus of elasticity and the tangent modulus of the sample tissues decreased ckastically with the sample depth; the acoustical attenuation of a transmitted pulse, as well as the quality characteristics tested in this study, strongly increased with the depth of the fruit sample. This strong dependence on depth (R = 0.842) indicates the potential for using the attenuation coefficient for the identification of internal fruit quality. Wave propagation velocity was found to be a poor predictor for internal properties of ripe winter grown melons.


This paper through the analysis of the present life style of high school students in Nanchong City,the paper explores the influences of the life style on their physical health and the reasons of the forming of this kind of life style,which has an important social meaning and practical meaning for formulating scientific and reasonable life style and behavioral habits and enhancing high school students' physique and healthy level.


PURPOSE: A centrifugal casting mold for producing Ti parts is provided to reduce manufacturing costs and a failure rate for parts with a complex shape. CONSTITUTION: A centrifugal casting mold for producing Ti parts comprises a casting unit(130) which has a shape corresponding to a part; a sprue which guides molten metal including Ti into a centrifugal casting mold; a gate which guides the molten metal in the sprue into the casting unit; and a feeder head unit(150) which is arranged between the sprue and the gate to temporarily store and supply part of the molten metal flowing from the sprue to the gate.


The effects of additions of 0.1-2.0% of Co, Ni and Ti on the cellular precipitation in a Cu-2 mass%Be alloy were investigated by the quantitative metallographic method. The addition of Co, Ni and Ti hastened the start of the precipitation of γ' phase in the matrix and increased slightly the maximum hardness. These elements refined the grain size of the as-quenched specimens and also suppressed remarkably the cell growth on the subsequent aging. The quantitative correlation was found out between the suppressing effect of these elements on the grain growth in the Cu-2%Be alloy at solution-treatment temperature and that on the cell growth at the aging temperature


A simple interface, which can link up to 32 peripheral devices with the central processor, has been presented in this paper. Peripheral devices can be extremely simple even without a quartz-stable clock. The interface was named RS232 hub. Hub enables that the peripheral devices linked to it simultaneously send and receive data. The peripheral devices are linked to hub with a two-wire line, over which gets power supply and communicates.


The component has reusability,integrability and openness.The paper introduces the component technology of Flash,the component characteristics can realize the main ideas of integrable ware with the Flash for integrable ware development platform.Through examples,the paper introduces how to use the component technology of Flash to make integrable ware.


Abstract Like the Sahel countries threatened by desertification, Niger faces multiple consequences of this phenomenon, which affects all ecosystems. In the department of Maine Soroa, desertification manifested by the gradual disappearance of vegetation, the formation of living dunes and the silting of the land. Several development projects and research structures are trying to combat these scourges through the fixation of dunes. Which is based practically on mechanical and biological fixation. A questionnaire assessing the socio-economic and environmental impact addressed to the dunes' ecological restoration actors served to collect the social and technical data. Two dune clusters in the same village (site 2016 and site 2017), already restored by the "CARE ONG", constituted the study sites. A device allowing the soil surface horizon's characterization and the herbaceous cover was installed to enable ecological assessment. The result showed that the sectors under winds were more affluent than those near them. The recovery rate and the amount of dry matter were more significant in the sector's sandy area farthest from the palisade than those exposed to the wind. The average organic matter level at the fixed sites: Site 2016 (0.63%); Site fixed 2017 (0,50%) was higher than that of the non-degraded control site (0,39%). More than 70% of peasants say that the first bright dunes' appearance dates back to the 1970s, precisely after the 1973 drought. All respondents also consider the combination of mechanical and biological to be the most effective technique for fixing the dunes alive because of their complementarity. These results show that ecological restoration by mechanical and biological fixation is possible while guaranteeing the protection and monitoring of the restored site to increase its ecosystems' resilience.


Infertility is a global problem. It has been viewed as a discredit and social humiliation thrust upon healthy young adults. The present detects the glycogen content in the endometrial glands of infertile women in the age group of 18 -39 years. This study aimed to compare infertility and the glycogen content in the endometrial glands of fertile women of the same age group. The endometrium is the tissue of attention because it is the site for implantation of ovum. The current study was done to evaluate the glycogen content in the endometrium of infertile patients and compare it with that of fertile patients. This study was done on 60 cases and 20 controls. Our study showed that large masses of glycogen (++++) was seen in only 7 secretory endometria in infertile cases (14.9%) when compared to 14 secretory endometria infertile subjects (77.7%). Also, endometrial glycogen grading in the secretory phase in infertile patients showed glycogen depletion (Grade 0) in 13 cases (27.7%) whereas it was nil in the fertile group. Glycogen is an essential and straight source of nutrient for the primary concepts and also helps in the successful implantation of blastocyst and continuation of pregnancy.


Given the regulatory presence of residual chlorine or chloramines in water distribution systems, organic matter in pipeline biofilms may consume chlorine / chloramines and form disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm), two highly toxic nitrogenous DBPs (N⁃DBPs) species. The objectives of this study are to investigate the formation of DCAN and DCAcAm during chlorination and chloramination of pipeline biofilms, model bacterial cells and the corresponding extracellular polymers (EPS). DBPs formation from natural organic matter (NOM) and source water was also evaluated for comparison. The results show that DCAN and DCAcAm formation from chlorination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida and Micrococcus luteus selected as model species in biofilms were 1.48~2.02 μg·mg-1 and 0.21~0.38 μg·mg-1(mg-1 is per mg TOC), respectively, which were higher than those from chlorination of NOM. During chloramination, the bacterial cells formed less DCAN and DCAcAm than during chlorination. The bacterial EPS also acted as DCAN and DCAcAm precursors during chlorination and chloramination, with higher DCAcAm formation during chloramination than during chlorination. To evaluate the speciation of DBPs formed from chlorination of pipeline biofilms, the ratios of DCAN and DCAcAm concentration to trichloromethane (TCM) concentration were calculated and found to be higher than the corresponding ones for NOM and source water, suggesting that biofilms are more prone to form DCAN and DCAcAm than NOM and source water organic matter during chlorination. The biofilms formed more DCAcAm during chloramination than during chlorination. These results suggest that biofilms acted as important precursors to form DCAN and DCAcAm in drinking water distribution systems.


Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases are still increasing, while the epidemiology data is still limited. This study's purpose is to delineate characteristics of 31,407 COVID-19 patients in Central Java. This research involved secondary data acquired from the Health Office of Central Java, which was analysed univariately. The majority of the patients were 19-44-year-old (43.57%), females (50.81%), and private employees (10.53%). The most frequent symptoms were fever (18.85%), cough (18.19%), and shortness of breath (13.71%). Most of the cases were from Semarang City (17.2%), Kudus (6%), Jepara (6%), Demak (5.5%), and Kendal (4.3%), with an Incidence Rate (per 10,000) of 42.79; 14.53; 14.99; 14.90; and 13.84 respectively. Furthermore, most of the patients had no transit history (87.11%), while out of 25 of the foreign transit histories, the United States of America and China contributed 24% and 20%, sequentially. Three-fourths of the domestic transit history was in Central Java, whereas the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, South Sulawesi, and East Java shared 9.79%, 5.99%, and 3.08%. The most common transit history in Central Java was in Semarang City (19.28%) and Kudus (13.91%). In conclusion, the characteristics of COVID-19 cases were varied, and local transmission has occurred, which has spread to 35 cities/districts.


The invention relates to a practical application of a method for carrying out identity recertification on particular operation (such as cost-free operation of a charge system, an information deleting operation of an illegal system) in a software system in a public security traffic industry. The method comprises the following steps: binding one Usb Key with a user which has particular operation authority; then binding the unique serial number of the Usb Key with user information; when the user carries out the particular operation, firstly checking whether the Usb Key is inserted or not, if not, exiting a system; if so, verifying whether the unique serial number of the Usb Key is accurate or not; and carrying out the operation only if the unique serial number of the Usb Key is accurate, thereby avoiding extensive damage caused by the malevolence operation performed by others due to code leakage.


Spinal anaesthesia was performed on 101 patients with a 25-Gauge (0.52 mm) needle. We found a 13.9% overall incidence of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) in an orthopaedic population whose mean age was 33.6 years. This incidence is too high and an alternative technique may be needed.


This paper, from a special issue on driving simulator applications in research and clinical practice, explores potential driver behavior changes due to the interactions with advanced vehicle technologies emerging on the market. These technologies, called Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), can take control over specific functions of the vehicle and provide warnings to assist drivers in a variety of driving tasks. The authors explore the evidence that ADAS may change the way drivers behave on the road, resulting in traffic operational improvements and congestion mitigation. The study evaluated performance measures of a vehicle equipped with two types of ADAS in a driving simulator (STISIM Drive) environment; the two systems were Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Lane Change Assist (LCA). A specific route was created in the driving simulator, which consisted of an arterial section followed by a freeway. Participants (n = 25) drove the route twice, once without the systems and then using the two ADAS. Researchers collected data on speed, lane change maneuvers, and headway with the front vehicle. The study found changes in driving behavior due to the systems as well as specific driver characteristics that are more likely to be affected by these technologies. Average and conservative drivers may be more affected by the availability of ADAS, as they may be more willing to accept shorter headways and higher speeds when such systems are in operation.


According to Bekenstein's area law, the black hole entropy is identified holographically - with one quarter of the horizon area. However, it is commonly believed that such a law is only valid in Einstein's theory and that higher curvature corrections generically give rise to its modifications. This is for example the case of black holes in Lovelock gravities, or their four-dimensional cousins in the recently discovered 4D scalar-tensor Gauss-Bonnet gravity where one naively 'finds' (classical) logarithmic corrections to the Bekenstein's law. In this note we argue that such logarithmic corrections originate from ignoring the shift symmetry of the 4D Gauss-Bonnet gravity. When this symmetry is properly taken into account, there is no longer any departure from the area law in this theory. Moreover, the first law remains valid upon modifying the black hole temperature, which can be derived via the Brown-York procedure but is no longer given by the surface gravity. Interestingly, we show that upon similar modification of the black hole temperature the area law can also prevail for black holes in higher-dimensional Lovelock gravities.


The aim of the present study was to explore teachers' experiences of student anxiety in the subject of English in Swedish upper secondary schools. Five teachers were interviewed to find out about t ...


Typical performance measurements of public transit operations make use of vehicle-based data such as automated vehicle location data or passenger-based data at specific fare collection points. Ideally, the performance of a transit system from a reliability perspective and according to passenger experience should be measured through individual passenger journeys. The growing prevalence of smartphones provides one potential source for this analysis, because passive data collection methods such as obtaining Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth connection data allow us to observe devices as they move throughout the system. In this study we present a collection of methods and performance measures for using Wi-Fi connection data to measure various aspects of customer experience and reliability, including methods for detecting train arrivals at platforms, estimating wait times, measuring origin–destination travel time variation, and developing profiles of various journey types for comparison. In contrast with many other advances toward passenger-based measures, these methods do not require the combination of diverse data sets to generate useful results. These methods are applied to data from the Wi-Fi service in the subway system in Toronto, Canada.


The characteristic method was used to make a computative simulative analysis of the effect of water hammer after shutdown of the pump on the soft water cooling system of closed circuit for No.1 Blast Furnace of Wuhan Iron Steel Co. Pressure variation of water hammer of the cooling water system and its effect on the system were analyzed during emergent shutdown of the pump due to shutoff of power. It was suggested that expansion tanks should be used to avoid the above incident. Some problems needing attention are given. This provides technical basis for the system's optimum design and safety operation.


The subject is not saving life at sea, which any ship and sometimes boats or aircraft may do. Nor is it the occasionally laudable side-effects of naval intervention for political purposes, either ashore or afloat. Only those operations will be considered where the main object is to preserve life but the means must include the ability to deploy an armed and disciplined force if circumstances so require. When warships rescued yachtsmen in 1979, the only enemy was the sea that had overwhelmed the Fastnet Race in the English Channel. At Dunkirk in 1940 it was soldiers that had to be preserved for the defence of Britain, not lives, for which surrender would have offered a safer option. '


With highest respect, I dedicate this special issue of the Western Journal of Nursing Research to Myrtle K. Aydelotte, PhD, RN, FAAN, in recognition of her leadership, scholarship, and commitment to research to improve the quality of patient care. This is the first of two special Western Journal issues designated for research related to nursing and health care systems. Community-based care systems are the focus for the December 2006 issue, and hospital care systems are targeted for this issue. Dr. Aydelotte was among the outstanding nurses who emerged from World War II to lead the profession. She served in the African and European theatres, rising to the position of chief nurse. In executive positions at the University of Iowa and the American Nurses Association, Dr. Aydelotte influenced the development of curricula to prepare nurses for administrative roles and for the practice milieu as hospital staff nurses, nurse managers, and nurse executives. For example, she participated in the development of the first process for accrediting nursing education programs and was the first nurse executive to establish the clinical nurse specialist role within a nursing service department. Promoting nursing and facilitating its interface with medicine and other health professions, regulatory agencies, and national and international organizations have been consistent themes in Dr. Aydelotte's career. She contributed substantively to the generation of policy related to education and health programs through consultations and appointments to special committees for many organizations, including the Institute of Medicine, American Hospital Association, Medicus Corporation, Sigma Theta Tau, Int., the Kellogg and Robert Wood Johnson Foundations, the Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools, and numerous universities. A charter member of the editorial board for Nursing Research, Dr. Aydelotte's seminal studies in 1960 (Nurse Utilization Project Staff, 1960) and in 1973 (Aydelotte, 1973) are part of the scientific foundation for the research reported in this issue. As with current authors, her work focused on the relationship between nursing systems of care and patient outcomes. And a nursing shortage made staffing and workforce issues a national Western Journal of Nursing Research Volume 28 Number 6 October 2006 619-621 © 2006 Sage Publications 10.1177/0193945906290918 http://wjn.sagepub.com hosted at http://online.sagepub.com


This study purposes to determine students' perception regarding the lecturer personality competencies. The method of study is survey. Research instrument is using questionnaires, observation, interviews, and documentation. The population in this study was in third year, semester VI students (class A, B, C). The number of population is 106 students with high, medium, and low academic abilities in their third year semester VI. Sampling method is using saturated samples. Data analysis use descriptive method. The result of personality competency research, -with 5 indicator of high, medium and low academic abilities, for 1st indicator, which stated as act in accordance with the Norms of Religion, Law, Social and Culture of the Indonesian Nation, an average of 98.10 categories as very good, for indicator 2 stated as self portray as a person who is honest, noble, and exemplary for students and the community an average of 85.97 categories as very good. Indicator 3, which is showing yourself as a person who is steady, stable, mature, wise, and authoritative, on average 84.40 categories as very good. Indicator 4, demonstrates work ethic, high responsibility, pride in being a teacher, and self-confidence, on average 83.40 categories as very good. Indicator 5, mention as upholding the ethics code of the teaching profession, averaging in 78.75 as good categories.


Various influence-related relationships in Social Network Services (SNS) among users, posts, and user-and-post, can be expressed using links. The current research evaluates the influence of specific users or posts by analyzing the link structure of relevant social network graphs to identify influential users. We applied the concept of mutual interactions proposed for ranking semantic web resources, rather than the voting notion of Page Rank or HITS, to blogosphere, one of the early SNS. Through many experiments with network models, where the performance and validity of each alternative approach can be analyzed, we showed the applicability and strengths of our approach. The weight tuning processes for the links of these network models enabled us to control the experiment errors form the link weight differences and compare the implementation easiness of alternatives. An additional example of how to enter the content scores of commercial or spam posts into the graph-based method is suggested on a small network model as well. This research, as a starting point of the study on identifying influential users in SNS, is distinctive from the previous researches in the following points. First, various influence-related properties that are deemed important but are disregarded, such as scraping, commenting, subscribing to RSS feeds, and trusting friends, can be considered simultaneously. Second, the framework reflects the general phenomenon where objects interacting with more influential objects increase their influence. Third, regarding the extent to which a bloggers causes other bloggers to act after him or her as the most important factor of influence, we treated sequential referencing relationships with a viewpoint from that of PageRank or HITS (Hypertext Induced Topic Selection).


In the modern world of mining and manufacturing, it is pivotal for information to flow from the enterprise level, i.e., Business Intelligence (BI) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), down to the shop floor. Information generated from the shop floor should conversely be shared with the enterprise level in real or semi real-time. Business partners should be integrated to form a value chain that self-adjusts, generates and shares information. The absence of real-time flow of information makes it difficult to inform business decisions. The introduction of Industry 4.0 yields the convergence of fragmented business systems and partners. This results in the seamless integration and communication in delivering premium operations. This paper proposes an architecture of a fully integrated enterprise. The architecture comprises systems from such levels as decision making, operations management, and shop floor. Big Data, Data Analytics, and Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are harnessed to accomplish a 4th industrial revolution.


As our technology improves, much of what has been done must be reevaluated. Initial reports of new techniques often are glowing, with nay-sayers in the minority. The use of computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer may be a case in point. Reported accuracy rates and utility vary appreciably. On careful inspection of the reports, none are structured the same way. These differences raise significant questions. Do we have satisfactory criteria. How accurate is CT. When should CT be used. Of what use is the information. This editorial examines eight studies published since 1980 to see if the questions raised above could be answered. The year 1980 was chosen to ensure that sufficient time had elapsed to reflect a more general experience. Only CT evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes was considered.


In terms of human resource functions, the generational factor has been of significant concern (e.g., Jurkiewicz, 2000; Jurkiewicz & Brown 1998; O'Bannon, 2001; Tulgan, 2000). Younger generations, and Generation X in particular, are thought to work more for intrinsic rewards, to demand more of a role in decision making, and to switch jobs more frequently than prior generations. GenXers are the cohort born roughly in the 1960s and 1970s. They comprise 38% of the American workforce as Boomers near retirement and Xers rise to leadership positions. The different experiences of Xers in their childhood and their distinct preferences have been a concern to managers as well as theorists. This paper examines the characteristics of Generation X and makes a comparison with the Baby Boom generation. Then, work-related motivational factors that Jurkiewicz and Brown (1998) used in their study are used to query differences between the Baby Boom generation and Generation X in the public workplace. Finally, based on the analysis of national survey data, we suggest management implications. We use the General Social Survey (GSS) to compare the two generations. The GSS for the year 2002 conducted a special topic module under the subject of "quality of working life." This module includes survey items that pertain to fifteen work-related motivational factors (Jurkiewicz & Brown 1998). We identify 8 items from the module. Then we conduct statistical analyses to examine generational differences as they are reflected in employee motivation.


AIM
This article is a report of a study conducted to examine acceptance of disability among patients with colorectal cancer and its relationships to other disease-related factors.

BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer had become the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Recently, the topic of acceptance of disability in patients with chronic disease, especially cancer, has attracted enormous attention because the higher acceptance, the better coping with disease and the better quality of life after therapy.

METHOD
A cross-sectional study was carried out with 110 patients with colorectal cancer recruited from a medical centre in northern Taiwan in 2008. Data were collected using the Acceptance of Disability Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression analysis were used for analysis.

FINDINGS
Participants reported moderate levels of acceptance of disability. The regression model showed that those with shorter disease duration, stoma, lower educational level (below 9th grade), or in Duke C1 stage or above reported lower levels of acceptance, and these variables accounted for 25% of the total variance.

CONCLUSION
The results suggest that acceptance of disability (i) is a useful construct to examine in future studies on psychosocial adaptation to cancer, and (ii) can be integrated into a clinical intervention programme of providing holistic care to patients with colorectal cancer.


The establishment of Socialist theory with Chinese characteristics creates a new historical stage for the application of Marxism in China.The theory sticks to and develops Marxism,Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought,shows the consistency of Marxist fundamental principles.As the latest achievement of the application of Marxism in China,it manifests Marxist character of advancing with the times and its development law of focusing on new practice and problems.Therefore,the theory is an important theoretical innovation of Marxism in a new historical stage.


In this study, Helichrysum × kani-isikii (Asteraceae), a new natural hybrid of H. compactum and H. unicapitatum from Babadag (Denizli, Turkey), is described and investigated in detail for the first time. The new nothospecies is similar to H. compactum and H. unicapitatum, but it has some intermediate morphological and palynological properties that position it between the two putative parents. In the diagnosis of the hybrid, pollen size and shape were found as significant characteristics. Taxonomic, morphological, and palynological characteristics of H. × kani-isikii are compared with those of its putative parents, and some other details are presented with notes on the IUCN category and ecology of the nothospecies. In addition, a key to diagnosing the hybrid from its parental taxa is also provided.


We correlated polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-detectable BCR-ab1 fusion transcripts with cytogenetic status in 24 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Of 10 Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph-) patients, only one was found to exhibit a BCR-ab1 fusion transcript. Fourteen patients with Ph+ ALL, including eight in clinical remission, exhibited PCR-detectable BCR-ab1 rearrangements. A detectable Ph chromosome was present in only five of the eight patients in clinical remission. Of the three cytogenetically negative, BCR-abl-positive patients, two eventually succumbed to post-bone marrow transplantation (BMT) relapse. The third died of early transplant complications. Serial PCR


The Bisq DAO is a core component of Bisq, a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange. The purpose of the Bisq DAO is to decentralize the governance and finance functions of the exchange. However, by interacting with the Bisq DAO, participants necessarily publish data to the Bitcoin blockchain and broadcast additional data to the Bisq peer-to-peer network. We examine the privacy cost to participants in sharing this data. Specifically, we use a novel address clustering heuristic to construct the one-to-many mappings from participants to addresses on the Bitcoin blockchain and augment the address clusters with data stored within the Bisq peer-to-peer network. We show that this technique aggregates activity performed by each participant: trading, voting, transfers, etc. We identify instances where participants are operating under multiple aliases, some of which are real-world names. We identify the dominant transactors and their role in a two-sided market. We conclude with suggestions to better protect the privacy of participants in the future.


"Bo" is a primitive folk religious activity flourishing in the areas of Qinghai Huzhu.It is a common customs festival of Tuzu with the awareness of awe and worship.It displays the accumulation and inheritance of Tuzu traditional culture.The article explores and analyzes the "Bo" of Yaomacun,Donggouxiang of Qinghai Huzhu Tuzu autonomous county,makes research into the relationship between the preservation,inheritance of Tuzu traditional culture and construction of harmonious socialist society.


La0.5Sr0.5CoO3(70 nm)/Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3(70 nm)/La0.5Sr0.5CoO3(70 nm)(LSCO/PZT/LSCO) capacitor was fabricated on SrTiO3(001) substrate by RF magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition(PLD) method.X-ray diffraction(XRD) shows that both LSCO and PZT thin films are epitaxial structures.It is found that the coercive voltage,remnant polarization,leakage current density and the maximum dielectric constant of LSCO/PZT/LSCO capacitor measured at the voltage of 5 V are 0.49 V,41.7 μC/cm2,1.97×10-5 A/cm2,1073,respectively.Leakage current density of the LSCO/PZT/LSCO capacitor is further investigated,which meets ohmic behavior at lower voltage(0.6 V) and agrees well with the space-charge-limited current(SCLC) theory at higher voltage(0.6 V).


GAVANKAR, }IEBLE AND WHEELER 1 have shown that ~o-halogenated toluenes react with formic acid to give hydrogen halide, carbon monoxide and the corresponding co-hydroxylated toluenes or the derivatives formed by loss of water. Thus benzal chloride and benzotrichloride give, respectiveIy benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. Benzyl chloride and bromide also react though more slowly with evolution of hydrogen halide and carbon monoxide ; here benzyl alcohol has not been isolated, possibly because it reacts with the formic acid. The last reaction can be wri t ten: CeHsCHzCI 4HCOOH = CGHsCH2OH + I-ICI + CO. Based on this work, a method has been evolved for the estimation of sidechain halogen in simple aromatic compounds (Gavankar et al., loc. cit.). The present paper describes a s tudy of the kinetics of the reaction between formic acid and benzyl chlodde. The conditions differ from those of the majority of reactions previously investigated in that there is no solvent or diluent in the system. Not much is known regarding the kinetics of such highly condensed systems* so that the interpretation of the results is difficult. However, as is shown below, the application of a theory of reactions in liqt ̈ discussed by one of us' indicates the presence in formic acid of a small proportion of a reactive form of the acid such as has been postulated previously by Seshadri2


as likely to abuse boys than fathers (35% to 17%). Father substitutes were much more likely to be implicated in the sexual abuse of girls than boys. 87% of the children sexually abused by mothers' cohabitees and 92% sexually abused by step-fathers were girls. When both parents were implicated in the sexual abuse, the proportion of boy victims increased from 2 out of 10 to 4 out of 10. The report comments that there is a possibility that, where both parents are implicated, mothers may take a more initiating role than has previously been hypothesised. No particular age group was significantly more vulnerable to sexual assault from mothers, fathers or ~others' cohabitees, though 5-9 year olds were more at risk from the last group. Some 72% of abused children aged 5-9 living with their mother and her cohabitee were sexually abused by him, in contrast to 5 3 % of all sexually abused childfen living with their mother and cohabitee. Step-fathers


The invention discloses a single-step horizontal automatic balance eccentric sealing pump. Wherein, the cylinder bearing is embedded at the front and back ends of bearing box; the bearing box contains a pump axle; the pump axle is at the sealing section that through to the middle support of pump; it comprises a static sealing base and a movable sealing base, while the movable sealing base has a spring, a V-shape sealing ring, and a eccentric element outside it; the pump axle is sheathed with an auxiliary blade wheel and covered with A pump cover, and to be sheathed with a balance disc auxiliary blade wheel, balance wheel and B pump cover; after mounting the blade and open ring, using blade wheel nut to screw; and using bolt and nut to mount the pump, middle support and bearing box; then mounting the balance pressure-discharge adsorption tube. The invention has simple process, easy maintenance, long service life, and better sealing property, while it can be sued to transmit high-temperature and strong corrosive working medium with crystallized particle chemical liquid.


The research aims at recognizing the danger of animation and Technological games, especially on the Muslim child's Creed which in turn affect his social, psychological, and cultural behavior. The analytical method has been used to display examples of these games and animation and their influence. The dilemma of the research is that such games and animation have been created in a non-muslim environment then spread in the Islamic countries in cluding ideas and behaviors suitable for them, but they are contrary to the muslim child's creed which has an influence on the young or old muslim's mentality. The Sharia scholars disagree on the issue of these games and animation whether they affect negatively or positively. The results showed that these electronic games and animation are among the contemporary doctrinal catastrophes in which the injunction of Sharia should be shown in proportion to such catastrophe and adherence to the dictums that do not violate the law of God Almighty.


This article is aimed at the technological research in the field of non-seismic methods in oil and gas development. Proper hydraulic fracturing monitoring is one of the main unsolved issue: fracture geometry and propped reservoir volume determination. In this study forward electromagnetic modelling before and after fracking were done.


ABSTRACT In STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Math) instruction, inquiry and authentic problem solving connect the disciplines to encourage higher-order thinking and increase student engagement. For instruction to be successful in facilitating meaningful student thinking about authentic problems, however, the instructor needs to use strong questioning techniques. This study explored what questioning techniques teachers use as they enact STEAM instruction in their classrooms. Eight middle school teachers who had designed authentic STEAM lessons were observed and scored on a rubric reflecting various components of STEAM instruction as they implemented their lessons. Then transcripts from these lessons were coded to identify the types of questions teachers asked. These questions were identified as inquiry-based or non-inquiry-based using Llewellyn's categories of inquiry-based questions. Findings show that teachers who scored lower on the rubric asked inquiry-based questions no more than 50% of the time, while teachers who scored higher on the rubric asked inquiry-based questions more than 70% of the time.


La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3-δ (LSCM) is a promising cathode for CO2 electroreduction in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs), but its low catalytic activity limits the performance of SOECs. In this work, CeO2 nanoparticles with a size of 3–5 nm were successfully impregnated into an LSCM-Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 (GDC) composite cathode to investigate its effects on the CO2 electrochemical reduction. The introduction of CeO2 nanoparticles on the LSCM-GDC cathodes can create more three-phase boundaries (TPBs), improve the CO2 adsorption capability, and facilitate the transportation of oxygen ions between the cathode and the electrolyte. Therefore, the nano-CeO2-modified cathodes show better performance than the conventional LSCM-GDC cathode. The maximum current density of the nano-CeO2-modified cathode is about 90% higher than that of the conventional LSCM-GDC cathode at 1.4 V and 800 °C. Therefore, loading nano-CeO2 onto the LSCM-GDC backbone is an effective way to improve the electrocatalytic performance of the conv...


The paper discuss a problem of determination of inductances for AC machine windings when saturation of magnetic circuit is not neglected. For such cases, computation of magnetic field distribution in the machine magnetic circuit is a starting point for post processing procedures leading to various values, among others the co-energy in a given area and linkage fluxes of windings. This paper shows how to determine winding inductances in a nonlinear magnetic circuit from these two values and also how to compute directly nonlinear inductances. Problem is not trivial because such inductances are not uniquely determined as for linear case. In the paper a definition of nonlinear inductances is proposed which makes the choice unique.


Modem design faces the challenge of handling multi-radio and multi-standard applications with real time requirements simultaneously on a heterogeneous multiprocessor platform. In ST-Ericssion, a project is being carried out to study analysis methods based on data flow to model both the wireless communication applications and the heterogeneous hardware platform onto which such applications are mapped. In this thesis, a LTE DL application is described in SysML, Dynamic Data Flow (DDF) and Mode Controlled Data Flow (MCDF) for different purposes. Firstly, the LTE DL application is built with SysML and is mapped on a heterogeneous multiprocessor platform according to the LTE standards as reference. Afterwards it is extended to Dual SIM Dual Call model to explore the relation between applications and hardware resources. The model described by SysML lacks analytical features and is not suitable for data flow analysis. Therefore we replace SysML with CAL, a data flow language, to re-express the LTE DL application. The LTE DL application is first converted from SysML to CAL straightforwardly to demonstrate the feasibility of conversion. It is considered as a DDF with limited analytical properties. The conversion rules are summarized for the development of automatic conversion tools. After that, MCDF, a data flow model which has enough expressiveness and analytical properties, is used to express the LTE DL DDF application with CAL. We create two structures with basic actors in MCDF to solve the problems of internal state sharing and data accumulation. Finally, we get the LTE DL model in MCDF from which the temporal properties can be analyzed.


Abstract The random fluctuations of laser scintillation are described by the probability density function (PDF) of irradiance. Many models for a general PDF have been proposed, and a common method of analysis has been the comparison of the moments of the PDF with experimental data. The statistical behaviour of these estimates for the moments is determined by simulation of actual experimental procedures assuming various models for the true PDF. Realizations for histograms (estimates of the PDF) of digitized data are generated using binomial random deviates. Each realization for the histogram generates a realization for the moments. The PDF of these estimates for the moments is approximated by producing a histogram of a large number of such realizations. These results are compared with recent theoretical predictions. Higher moments are shown to be a poor description of the random process for typical experimental conditions. The effects of amplifier saturation are also investigated with the same simulations....


Galvanizing is one of the most common methods of corrosion protection. For the deposition of zinc coatings used such methods as gas-thermal deposition, thermal diffusion saturation in powder, hot-dip galvanizing, cladding, and galvanic precipitating during electrolysis. The hot-dip galvanizing is the most common method, which is used in construction, automotive and other industries. Paper presents the results of research of zinc coatings used in sea conditions. The aim of the work was to determine an acceleration factor by comparing the corrosion rate in laboratory conditions with the data from field tests. Laboratory studies were carried out in a salt fog chamber. Samples were periodically removed from chamber to build the dependence of the corrosion rate on the exposure time. Field tests were carried out at the exploitation area. Result of the work is a guide that allows to predict the corrosion rates of zinc coatings using laboratory tests. The advantage of this test method is shorter time of exposure in comparison with field test.


In thermal state monitoring of generators, the temperature model parameters need to be determined firstly in order to obtain the standard temperature value of generator stator end region (SER). This paper presents methods to identify model parameters including reactance, heat convectional coefficient and constant coefficients. When the machines are in saturation, the armature reaction reactance over the whole operating region is deduced via no-load and short-circuit curves, active and reactive power and machine terminal voltage. The heat convectional coefficient is determined by the fluid mechanics and heat transfer theory and the constants are identified using the least-square method. Then the standard temperature value of turbine-generator's SER is obtained for state monitoring using the temperature model The proposed methods of parameters are further evaluated by comparing the temperature calculation values of a QFSN-220-2 turbine-generator with its operational values.


The paper covers high school reform in Russia. It considers the problem of university ranking. The world rating systems' influence and their application in the assessment of higher education in Russia are analyzed. The discussion goes into complicated questions of indexing and synthesis between our country's tradition and modern practices used worldwide. The authors make a point on the importance of the correlation between the international scientometrics and the features of Russian higher education in order to successfully integrate the latter into the highly competitive environment of the world-leading centers for science and education. Keywords—science; ranking; universities; higher education;


One of the nutritional problems of hospitalized patients is hypoalbuminemia. Hospitality malnutrition data in Indonesia shows that 45% -50% of patients suffer from hypoalbuminemia, some of whom are at life-threatening level. In an effort to help patients with hypoalbuminemia is albumin administration in form of Human Serum Albumin (HSA), which until recently is still an expensive choice. Snakehead fish (Channa striata) extract has been introduced and significantly proven to increase levels of albumin in hypoalbuminemia and to accelerate the process of wound healing in postoperative patients. This paper aims to describe the nutrients profile of Channa striata extract and their role in health. Snakehead is one of native freshwater fish that is widely available in many tropical regions such as Asia and Africa, and has been shown to have high nutrition and health benefits. Snakehead extract contains abundant of albumin (2.17 ± 0.14g/100mL) which is the largest fraction (64.61%) of protein. This is sufficient to provide albumin for highly demanded such as hypoalbuminemia and post-surgical patients, and growing children. Snakehead extract is a potential source of albumin as per 100 mL it contains 3.36± 0.29 g protein, 2.17± 0.14 g albumin, 0.77± 0.66 g total fat ; Total Glucose 0.07 ± 0.02 g, Zinc 3.34 ± 0.8 mg; Cu 2.34 ± 0.98 mg and 0.20 ± 0.09 mg Fe.


IZQUIERDO, J., E. ARILLA, M. RAMÍREZ Y J. ABAdf 1996: Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tomato: species, seson evolution and distribution on the plant. Bol San. Veg. Plagas, 22, (4): 805-812. Different ecological aspects of Autographa gamma (L.) and Chrysodeixis clmlcites (Esper) were analyzed as well as their relation with tomato crops in Catalonia. Catches in pheromone traps showed A. gamma peaks during april-may tending to drop dramatically in june. On the contrary C. chalcites was increasingly caught as the season advanced, showing peaks during AugustSeptember. Identification of Plusiinae collected on tomato showed a prevalence of C. chalcites (86% of samples) over A. gamma (14%). Maximum Plusiinae egg presence on the outdoor tomato was observed in September. Most eggs was detected on the middle and lower parts of the plant.


Purpose: Although microsurgical reconstruction of the foot has allowed us to reconstruct foot defects previously requiering amputation the selection of suitable flaps to cover large defects is small. The anterolateral thigh flap, first reported by Song ae al in 1984, can be raised as a large, thin, pliable flap with a consistant pedicle. Do to its many advantages it has been used for numerous clinical applications. In this paper the authors present their experience with the use of the ALT flap in patients with dorsal and plantar defects of the foot. Material and methods: During the past two years the authors have used the ALT perforator flap in eight patients with defects of the plantar and dorsal surfaces of the foot sustained in work or hobby related injuries while a single patient sustained injuries after stepping on an antipersonal mine. Results: The follow up period for this group of patients is from two years to one month. In the early postoperative period two revisions were performed for venous problems. All flaps survived. One flap had partial necrosis which was solved by split skin application to the remaining fascia. The contour of the foot was well preserved most patients could ambulate wearing tennis shoes within three months of the surgery. Conclusion: With the use of the anterolateral thigh flap we have gained a large thin flap which is able to cover large dorsal and plantar defects with good contour restoration and early return of ambulation in normal footwear. The thick and strong fascia lata can be used to stabilise the joints and arches of the foot weakend by destruction of the ligaments, tendons and small muscles of the foot. In addition the donor site, even when covered with a split skin graft, is functionaly and even cosmeticaly acceptable to the patients.


Species specific blood value reference intervals are needed for the proper diagnosis, and treatment of disease, appropriate for specific populations, because age, sex, management, exercise and geographical location can all affect hematological values. The aim of this study was to establish a set of hematology and blood chemistry reference intervals for captive Asian elephants. Blood samples were collected from 149 healthy Asian elephants in 15 tourist camps in Northern Thailand. Hematological and biochemical parameters were determined. The results showed similarity of haematological and blood chemistry range to others previously published. There were no sex differences for most hematological parameters except some parameters were different i.e. MCV, MCHC, BUN, AST, and ALP. The hematology and blood chemistry reference intervals of our study can be used as the reference for hematological analysis in Thailand, and several Asian elephant range countries and zoos.


Using data from recent nationally representative living standards surveys in Ghana, this study examines non-farm employment in rural Ghana. The data suggest an increase in rural non-farm employment over a seven-year period, with females outpacing males in that sector. The main factors driving the likelihood of non-farm employment include human capital, household financial resources, infrastructure availability and non-ownership of land. Rural well-being is improving, and this is taking place against the backdrop of structural transformation reflected in part by an increase in non-farm employment and educational attainment. Government policies aimed at providing rural areas with electricity and accessible roads, among others, have helped to create an enabling environment for improvement in well-being.


This article deals with the problem of studying methods for automatic measurement of electrophysical characteristics of granular materials in the process of technological control using the dielcometric method, based on the interaction of the electric field of the primary transducer with matter. The principle of operation of the information-measuring system is analyzed, the functional scheme of the dielcometric system ispresented with a linear switching of channels, as well as improving the accuracy of measurement by eliminating technical errors, simplifying the measuring scheme and increasing the reliability of the functioning of the entire device.


The invention concerns a profiled section supporting a shutter closing an opening provided in a wall covered with a trim, the support profiled section comprising a main part (18) provided with first and second opposite longitudinal grooves (17, 16) for receiving respectively a shutter edge and a wall edge, and an additional part (12) maintaining an edge of the trim proximate to the first groove (17).


This review signals the beginning of a long-anticipated debate over alternative approaches to the study of premodern Chinese cities and other central places. As the pioneer who raised this field to a high level of social science rigor, Professor Skinner merits considerable recognition; any effort by him to maintain or upgrade standards for scholarship must command serious attention. Moreover, his decision to differentiate sharply, even if only by implication, my approach from his own can serve the positive function of heightening awareness of alternatives. Controversy, however, can assume either of two forms. In this case, he has chosen simply to dismiss the essence of my approach rather than to present or refer to a foundation on which an informed decision among alternatives, hopefully leading to the superseding of existing approaches, can be made. Although I would welcome the opportunity, if space permitted, to reply specifically to various points in the review, I regard as the first priority the goal of launching the debate on a different plane by responding to three general issues. At the moment, such unresolved issues as the necessity of choosing intervals of a particular regularity and of romanizing place names in a certain manner could arouse spirited discussion without producing quick theoretical payoff. The first issue that Professor Skinnner correctly identifies as crucial is the classification of central places into levels. How should information on the population scale, economic functions and administrative status of central places be incorporated into one or more systems of classification? Numerous possibilities exist, but each has its drawbacks. Separating out purely administrative levels complicates the task of comparing countries with varied criteria for designating political centers. Defining levels strictly by population impairs assessment of long-run change, due to the scarcity of data over time. My approach is not the shifty, inconsistent manipulation of levels that is indicated in the review. Rather I have distinguished two systems of defining levels. The two are not used interchangeably and I believe are not manipulated in an ad hoc manner. Their application provides a sound foundation for comparing the emergence of settlement types over time and for comparing the distribution of places of varying size. I know of no superior system of classification for either purpose. With the appearance of my book, Urban Networks in Russia, 7750-/800, and Premodern Periodization (Princeton: Princeton University Press, forthcoming), the reader will learn how essentially the same classifications facilitate fivecountry comparisons in which the Russian, English, and French cases have been added. Second, Professor Skinner focuses on the issue of regionalization. I take it that there are two issues here: 1) The superiority of physiographic units for analytical purposes; 2) the correct boundaries of those. In labeling my treatment of China wrongheaded, he merely declares that the only useful way of dividing the country is into physiographic regions, the evidence for which has yet to be published. Moreover, he claims as his own the finding that the high urbanization rate of Chihli must be seen against the context of the low urbanization rate of North China, a point I felt I had established by treating North China as a region (pp. 204-13), albeit not a region defined according to Professor


Pregnant women with preeclampsia are advised to opt for a cesarean section. Cesarean section is a method of labor that in which the fetus is delivered through a place in front of the abdomen and uterine wall, provided that it is intact and the weight of the fetus is above 500 grams. This study aimed to find out how women with preeclampsia could manage pain and the effect of oxytocin massages. This paper is a case study on a 31-year-old female patient diagnosed with preeclampsia at Muhammadiyah Hospital Lamongan. After performing the Benson relaxation technique (in which the patient took deep breaths by silently saying the selected words (dhikr) for 10-15 minutes) showed that the pain in the abdomen was reduced to a scale of level 3 pain. After performing oxytocin massages the patient said the base started to come out and she can position the baby correctly while breastfeeding. Implementation of the relaxation technique and the oxytocin massage was in accordance with the existing data on the planning, namely pain management and oxytocin massage. The results of the evaluation showed that there was a decrease in pain and breast milk came out.
Keywords: Pain management, Oxytocin massage, Sectio caesarea, Preeclampsia


With marble waste stone as the main raw material,unsaturated polyester resin as bonding agent,nano-TiO2 as a modifier,adopting the room temperature,a new artificial marble with nano-particles which its comprehensive performance was modified was blended.Using the amount of waste stone powder,binder,nano-modifier and curing agent as level factors,the compressive strength as test index,the orthogonal test design was carried out; the test results were analyzed and discussed.The research showed that the amount of waste stone powder influenced marble compressive strength greatly,the best formula combination was as following,the amount of the waste stone powder was 60%,bonding agent 25%,modification agent was 4.5% and curing agent was 0.5%.


It is the objective requirement of the construction of new socialist countryside to strengthen the rural information service and raise the level of rural information in China,and also is of important practical significance to the socialism new rural construction.Currently,we must objectively understand problems in China's rural information service in the construction of new socialist countryside to discuss the basic countermeasure of rural information service in further strengthening the construction of new socialist countryside on the basis.


ArF laser photolysis of gaseous (CH3)4Sn–CS2 mixtures results in chemical vapour deposition of tin sulfides (SnS and SnS2) incorporated in a network of a blend of polythiene and organotin polymers. The evidence for the tin sulfides was obtained by examination of the deposited coatings by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The formation of tin sulfides is explained by reaction of transiently generated Sn and S atoms. The reported results reveal for the first time that nanosized clusters of Sn and S produced in the gas phase react into tin sulfides at ambient temperature of the gas phase.


BACKGROUND: Acute poisoning, a common, yet an important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in children, is a paediatric
emergency globally, responsible for 0.33% to 7.6% of the total paediatric admissions among various hospitals of India. This study was done to
assess the changing trends, in the pattern and outcome of poisoning among 1-12 years children.
METHODS: This is an institution-based descriptive epidemiological study with cross-sectional design that includes a hundred children of one to
twelve years age, conducted over a period of one and half years in the paediatric department of a tertiary care hospital in India.
RESULTS: In the study period, majority of the patients out of 100 admitted, were male (65%).Most of those (68%) belonged to the 1-3 years age
group. The share of hydrocarbon poisoning (46%) was highest with 26 cases of Kerosene ingestion being the most in it. Important presenting
complaints were vomiting, pain abdomen, tachypnoea, and pneumonitis. Only 1 patient died during the course, the cause of which remained
unknown.
CONCLUSION: The pattern and outcome of acute poisoning in children was quite similar when compared to other studies from different
hospitals in India. Survival rates have been increasing due to ongoing improvement in medical infrastructure, which one hopes, shall keep
improving along with focus on preventive measures at community levels.


We proposed earlier in [Dormoy & Raiman, 1988] a new way of reasoning about a device, we called "Assembling a Device". Starting from a component description (namely confluences), the qualitative resolution rale provides task-oriented global relations which link the physical quantities involved in a device to some selected reference variables. This rule is complete: given any task to be performed (simulation, postdiction,...), it discovers an assemblage, i.e. a set of relations reducing the task to a straightforward propagation. We might thus expect to apply qualitative reasoning to large-scale systems.

Unfortunately, the number of potential applications of the resolution rale is likely to increase exponentially as it is being fired. This behavior has to be related to the NP-completeness of the problem which consists of solving a set of confluences. In this paper, we present a heuristic for controlling the resolution rule, i.e. for choosing between its potential applications, and a collection of simple rales for speeding it up. This heuristic has a combinatorial form, but it is based on a simple commonsense idea. At the same time, it is borne out by mathematical results. Theoretically, a qualitative model can be out of its scope, but we have not yet hit upon a physical system with this kind of pathology.


This study proposes a research and learning framework for developing and assessing computational thinking under the lens of representational fluency. Representational fluency refers to individuals' ability to (a) comprehend the equivalence of different modes of representation and (b) make transformations from one representation to another. Representational fluency was used in this study to guide the design of a robotics lab. This lab experience consisted of a multiple step process in which students were provided with a learning strategy so they could familiarize themselves with representational techniques for algorithm design and the robot programming language. The guiding research question for this exploratory study was: Can we design a learning experience to effectively support individuals' computing representational fluency? We employed representational fluency as a framework for the design of computing learning experiences as well as for the investigation of student computational thinking. Findings from the implementation of this framework to the design of robotics tasks suggest that the learning experiences might have helped students increase their computing representational fluency. Moreover, several participants identified that the robotics activities were engaging and that the activities also increased their interest both in algorithm design and robotics. Implications of these findings relate to the use of representational fluency coupled with robotics to integrate computing skills in diverse disciplines.


By using the data of Taipei metropolitan and Taichung city, it was found that the concentrations of the PM{sub 10} and SO{sub 2} were strongly associated with wind speed, rain, surface layer stability and their initial concentrations. Among these factors, stability in the atmospheric surface layer was not fully addressed in traditional box model. A new box model formula was derived to include the stability parameter. After analysis of exchange/removal mechanisms operating in the PBL by using this new model, we find that the near ground pollutant concentration after reaching steady state is dose to q{sub 0}l/2ul{sub e} under stable, low wind speed and rainless day, where q{sub 0} is emission rate, 1 length of a city, u wind speed and l{sub e} stability scale length. Under calm wind speed in addition to the aforementioned conditions, the air quality became most deteriorated and close to q{sub 0}/V{sub d}, where V{sub d} is dry deposition rate. This formula works well in simulating PM{sub 10} and SO{sub 2} concentration of Pancho and Taichung city. In addition, this formula also can handle most of the deteriorated days.


Bacterial and fungal infections were some of the most serious global health issues of the present century. Chilli is an very important vegetable crops, suffer from many diseases called by fungi bacteria, viruses , nematodes. Pythium debaryanum are soil borne pathogenic fungi which causes damping off of disease in chilli. Pythium debaryanum parasitizes seedlings of many plants and caused a destructive disease known as damping off. Several plants were known to possess medicinal value including antimicrobial properties. Totally three solvents were used for the present work. Out of three solvents used (Methanol, n-butanol, and aqueous) the methanolic extract should maximum activity in controlling the growth of pathogen. In the present study methanolic extracts of various plants such as Murraya Koenigii (Karuveppilei), Pithecellobium dulce (Kodukkapuli) ,Vitex negundo (Karunocci), Aleo vera (kattalai) individually for antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method were investigated against Pythium debaryanum. Antimicrobial effect was measured by the zone of inhibition. The methanolic extracts of vitex negundo showed considerably high activity against Pythium debaryanum than other plant extracts.


This paper presents an approach that uses the software pro/ENGINEER first to build the three-dimensional models of the hex head bolt and the screw cap respectively according to the national standard,and then combine them to form the screw part.Especially,the process of dentiform match of inner and outer screw thread in the screw part is highlighted.


The blends of polypropylene(PP) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(PE-UHMW) with different compatibilizers(PP-g-MAH,PE-LLD,ABS) were studied,the resulted mechanical properties and microstructure were investigated.It was found that ABS constituted the best compatibilizer for this blends.SEM and polarization microscope showed that ABS could reduce the size of spherulites in the blends,and increased the impact strength to 113.31 J/m.The introduction of ABS decreased the elongation at break of the blends,but did not affect the tensile strength.


An annotated bibliography is provided on community colleges in relation to economic development, including general background on the topic, descriptions of community college services to business, and overviews of community college participation in state and local economic development activities.


The traditional backscatter-base distributed fiber-optic vibration sensing technology (PDVS), as shown in chart 1, comprises a pulse light source 1; the traditional scheme only has one sensing optic cable (as shown in chart 1) and the interference actually occurs in the sensing optic cable. A backscatter-based distributed fiber-optic vibration sensing system comprises a light path system and a data processing system, wherein the light path system comprises a pulse light source, one end of which is connected with one end of a 2*2 coupler; the 2*2 coupler is connected with a sensing optic cableand a reference optic cable. According to the invention, the interference is transferred from the sensing optic cable to the coupler so as to limit the optic path difference of an interference signalin the technological error range of the coupler and reduce the requirement of the system for the line width of the light source.


Aiming at the current problem of the regulation on operation of our country's urban public transport,to explore the meaning and the system of regulation on operation of public transport and prove the importance of the process of reform in public transport.This article analyzes and summarizes the studies on the theory of regulation on operation of public transport case studies and new development in future and so on.


While repair of giant paraesophageal hernia is associated with a high failure rate in the morbidly obese, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and repair of giant paraesophageal hernia in the morbidly obese may be safe and effective.


This paper, one in a series of studies on science and technology, discusses the status of interactive technologies in higher education programs and provides recommendations for their use in both on-campus and distance learning courses. Two main types of educational technologies are reviewed: 1) computer-mediated instructional technologies which are individual, self standing units, (e.g. multimedia technology), and 2) technologies based on telecommunication networks. These provide asynchronous communication (e.g. electronic mail, computer conferencing) or synchronous real-time instruction (audioconferencing, audiographics, and interactive television). Possible uses of these technologies are illustrated, and include those which improve education effectiveness, increase efficiency through lower-cost alternatives to conventional instruction, extend access to geographically, economically or socially isolated learners, as well as technologies which produce graduates with heightened capacity to adapt to technological change and innovation. Potential implementation problems and obstacles are identified, including inadequate technological, educational, economic, administrative and cultural environments. Finally, suggestions and recommendations are given for a successful implementation and long-term sustainability of interactive technological systems at universities and colleges in industrial and developing countries.


The invention discloses a magnet dipole and a permanent magnet coupling device based on the magnet dipole. The magnet dipole comprises an internal feedback magnetic plate and an external feedback magnetic plate which are parallely arranged, a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet are fixed on one face of the internal feedback magnetic plate facing the external feedback magnetic plate, and polarity of one ends of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet facing the external feedback magnetic plate. The permanent magnet coupling device comprises a plurality of annularly-distributed magnet dipoles, and an array composition of the magnet dipole is formed. In particular in large-standard products, the magnet dipole and the permanent magnet coupling device have the following advantages of 1 avoiding useless heat loss, 2 reducing rotational inertia, 3 being favorable for heat dissipation, 4 reducing material use quantity, and 5 reducing manufacture cost.


T NHE economic significance of the "country town" as an institution peculiar to the development of this country is a commonplace to students of American economic history. Yet relatively few attempts have been made to point out specific factors which tend to further or hinder economic development in such places. It seems justifiable, therefore, to point out some of these causes of growth and to show their relationship to more general economic forces. The material presented here is drawn largely from a study of the economic history of Alma, a small town of 6,700 inhabitants located in the central part of Michigan's Southern Peninsula. But much that is said concerning it will apply to other towns in the Middle West, and, with some modifications, to similar places located in other parts of the country. A brief historical review of the development of this town will help to clarify the discussion of factors which have determined economic development. The first settlement on land now occupied by Alma took place in I853.' Settlers entered this area rapidly during the succeeding years and two rival towns were founded -St. Louis, located three and a half miles northwest of Alma, in i854, and Ithaca, nine miles to the south, in i855. Table I summarizes population changes for these three towns and for Gratiot County. The economic history of Alma can be divided into four rather distinct periods. The earliest of these covers the years from i853 to i88o-a time during which extractive industries dominated the economic life of the town. Agriculture and lumbering were the chief industries. A railroad connection was secured in the middle


Medical image display apparatus and medical image display system are provided. Noise originating from the difference between a second dose as an X-ray dose used for simulation and a first dose as an X-ray dose associated with raw data obtained by past imaging operation is calculated. Simulation pure raw data as information associated with a photon count and noise which are predicted to be detected by a plurality of X-ray detection elements when imaging is performed by using X-rays of the second dose is generated on the basis of the calculated noise and the raw data obtained by past imaging operation. A simulation image predicted to be obtained by imaging operation using X-rays of the second dose is generated by using the simulation pure raw data and displayed.


Perturbed flow over and around an island can produce leeside vortices and a long wake region of reduced wind speed and altered thermodynamic structure that impacts the evaporation duct height field and directional wave spectra, both of which impact radar sea clutter returns. In this paper, predicted radar clutter is constructed by using evaporation duct height and wind fields from a mesoscale model along with appropriate sea clutter and electromagnetic propagation models. This predicted radar clutter is compared to shipboard observations of radar clutter taken off the leeward slide of Kauai, in December 1999.


It is often stated that the Quran was composed in Classical Arabic, and that, moreover, the Quran served as a basis for Classical Arabic. These statements, taken at face value, seem to neatly wrap up our history of Arabic from the Islamic period onwards. The Quran introduced Classical Arabic as the main cultural language, and from that point forward all Islamic writing proceeded to imitate the linguistic standard set by the Quran. However, these claims have never been demonstrated, and I hope to show here that this definition is unsatisfactory. Already in the previous chapter we saw that the ʕarabiyyah in the definition of the early grammarians is very broad, allowing for many different answers to what the language of the Quran really was. It is only in later times that what is considered Classical Arabic becomes strongly restricted. In this chapter, I will show that what was accepted as proper Arabic to recite the Quran in far exceeded the strict norms of the literary language that came to be accepted. When we ask ourselves what the language of the Quran is, we should in turn ask ourselves "which Quran?" All too often, authors (often implicitly) assume that theQuranic text, in its full and ubiquitous form aswe know it from the Cairo Edition of 1924, is the language in which it was pronounced by the prophetMuhammad. This text only represents the transmission of ʔabū ʕumar Ḥafṣ b. Sulayman b. al-Muġīrah al-ʔasadī al-Bazzāz al-Kūfī (d. 180ah/796ce), colloquially known as Ḥafṣ, one of the transmitters of ʔabū Bakr ʕāṣim b. ʔabī al-Naǧūd al-ʔasadī (d. 127ah/745ce),1 colloquially known as ʕāṣim. Ḥafṣ' trans-


Mild hypothermia has a protective effect on ischemic brain tissue,of which the mechanisms is still unknown.Brain ischemia is closely related to cell apoptosis,which can result in neuron apoptosis and higher expressions of its related genes.Mild hypothermia affect the process of apoptosis,which is strictly regulated by gene expressions.Now the known genes related to apoptosis are more than tens of kinds,among which more study is about p53,Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3.The article reviews progresses of hypothermia in its influence on cell apoptosis and related gene expression after brain ischemia.


An overview on molecular structure of adsorbed additive orientates at particle interface in order to understand the ability of dispersants to affect dispersion behaviour is presented. With a wide range of molecular structures, adsorbed additive molecule generates different conformational molecular structure (CMS) combined with interaction of a range of forces occurring with the adsorbed additive molecules and between the adsorbed additive molecules; hence change the surface chemistry of particles in the dispersion.


This study explores the motivation for usage, benefits, and strategies to overcoming the challenges visually impaired people face in their Facebook interactions. Using in-depth interviews and a narrative analysis of five visually impaired students at the University of Cape Coast, we found that Facebook usage among visually impaired students, although unique in experiences and gratifications, has promoted the formation and strengthening of their social bonds in the community of visually impaired people and their significant other. However, the visually impaired students face significant challenges with interpreting the pictures and videos they encounter on Facebook because screen reader software currently in use cannot interpret graphical content forcing them to rely on their sighted friends which have created independence and privacy issues. Despite these challenges, Facebook remains a powerful communication tool for visually impaired students in interacting with both their disabled and non-disabled friends whom they would normally shy away from in person.


Microvias play a key role in the high density interconnect (HDI) printed circuit board (PCB) substrate, which provides electrical interconnect among build-up layers. To achieve a high quality microvia structure, a flawless electroless Cu seed layer is necessary. In this work, we investigated the nanovoids in the electroless layer caused by hydrogen bubbles and explore the effect of Ni additive on the nanovoid generation. It is found that a high Ni concentration can increase Cu reaction speed and nano-voiding phenomena in terms of size and numbers. This might be due to the high Cu reaction speed leading to the hydrogen bubbles have a few time to escape from the Cu surface and then getting trapped in the deposition layer.


This paper propose improved longitudinal safety system on near cut-in situation by vehicle to vehicle communication. Some longitudinal active safety systems used Radar sensor and Camera sensor such as AEB(Autonomous Emergency Braking) system and ACC(Adaptive Cruise Control) system have blind spot zones because of sensor"s Field of View. When a target vehicle in lane near the subject vehicle try to cut in rapidly in this area, Sensors can"t recognize that and Safety systems don"t work normally. Therefore To prevent this situation, this paper design the longitudinal safety system based on V2V communication. and the performance evaluation was conducted to verify this system through Software-In-the-Loop-Simulation.


An automotive $4\times 4$ MIMO Antenna set for 5G mobile communication with decoupling- and matching circuit is presented which can be integrated in a symmetrical double shark fin. The antenna system with circuit is well performing in a low 5G-frequency band from 617 MHz up to 960 MHz as well as in a high band from 1.7 GHz up to 6 GHz. The decoupling circuit is designed with low losses and even together with small additional cable losses it is able to increase the efficiency of the antenna system in the low band and to keep a good efficiency in the high band. With this it yields a transmission factor between adjacent antennas of about −13dB and less in the low band and less than −17dB in the high band. Matching is achieved with less than −6dB in the low band and less than −9dB in the high band. Simulated and measured results of the realized antenna system show in good agreement its performance and the improvements due to the matching and decoupling circuit.


Objective To enhance the physicians to recognize the clinical features of haemochromatosis in Chinese.Methods Chinese literature,published from 1991 to 2010,were searched with the key word "haemochromatosis" in the database of China Hospital Knowledge Database(CHKD).The study enrolled total 71 patients with haemochromatosis,whose liver biopsies and(or) liver magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) were possible.The patients were further divided into two groups of primary haemochromatosis(PHC) and secondary haemochromatosis(SHC),whose clinical characteristics were analyzed.Results With an average age of(38.1±15.2) years old,7 of 43 PHC patients were females and 12 of them had similar symptoms among the family members,and all the 28 patients with SHC were men and had an average age of(44.2±13.2) years old.Of 28 patients with SHC,9 cases had anemia and 19 cases had chronic liver diseases(CLDs).Though no significant difference existed,the main complains of patients with PHC and SHC were pigmentation of skin,fatigue,diabetes,impotence and actively short breath.And the main signs were frequently shown as pigmentation of skin,splenomegaly,hepatomegaly,hepatosplenomegaly,dilated cardiac dullness and multi-organ lesions usually appeared.With a percentage of 67.4%(29/43) and 67.9%(19/28),respectively,the most frequent incidence of multi-organ lesions in patients with PHC and SHC was the liver damage combined with pigmentation of skin.Furthermore,the percentages of complications such as pigmentation of skin,diabetes and diabetes combined with pigmentation of skin in PHC patients with liver cirrhosis were significantly higher than those without cirrhosis(P0.05).As for the laboratory tests,the percentage of serum ferritin(SF) rise in patients with PHC or SHC was 94.3% and 100.0%,respectively(P0.05).78.6% patients of PHC had an elevation of transferrin saturation(TS),compared to the elevation of both 2 cases of SHC patients detected for TS.Conclusion With multi-organ lesions,haemochromatosis is characterized by an iron-overloaded disease,whose diagnosis depended on liver biopsies and abdominal MRI.To avoid the diagnostic errors and missed diagnosis,the suspected patients with large amounts of blood transfusion or chronic liver diseases should be routinely detected by fast TS and SF,if elevated,hereditary genes should be further screened.Furthermore,an early diagnosis and some effective treatment means should be taken to improve the prognosis of patients with haemochromatosis.


The noun string includes the noun phrases and the noun string that can't constitute a phrase but can appear in a sentence which is made up of several nouns.The inside regulation for phrase arranging can be analyzed from the angle of linguistics perception.This paper tries the application of the basic views and principles including the conspicuous rule,the reach of nuous,the information principle,the perception ared,the area under the jurisdiction and the copy principle to explore its rule.


In order to study the impact of dynamic demand response in the future smart grid, we examine in an abstract framework how a tradeoff between efficiency and risk arises under different market architectures. We first examine the system performance under noncooperative and cooperative market architectures. The statistics of the stationary aggregate demand processes show that, although the noncooperative load scheduling scheme leads to an efficiency loss, the stationary distribution of the corresponding aggregate demand process has a smaller tail, resulting in less frequent aggregate demand spikes. Cooperative dynamic demand response, on the other hand, makes the market place more efficient at the cost of increased risk of aggregate demand spikes. The market architecture determines the locus of the system performance with respect to the tradeoff curve. We also investigate how a properly designed real-time electricity pricing mechanism can help the system operator achieve a target tradeoff between efficiency and risk in a noncooperative market. We further provide a convex characterization of the Pareto front of system performance measures, which serves as a benchmark of the tradeoffs for the system operator to evaluate the pricing rules.


The present work had as purpose the knowledge of the subject furniture and kitchenware in the town of Lambayeque during the years 1750 to 1850, from the material culture having like objectives of investigation: to explain the urban transformation of Lambayeque of the Viceroyalty to the Republic, 1750 -1850; explain the development of the commercial exchange of furniture and household goods in the town of Lambayeque during the study period, explain the distribution of furniture and household items within the domestic space in the town of Lambayeque, taking into account the meaning and symbolic value 1750-1850 .
This research explains the meaning and symbolic value that furniture and household furniture had within the domestic space, reflected in the changes and customs of people, and the acquisition of new appliances. As objects can not be isolated from the domestic environment, since this depends on their location within the home. Seven main spaces have been studied: main room, the platform, oratory, library, bedroom, kitchen and dining room.
To achieve the work, bibliographic research techniques were used, using primary and secondary sources, with the purpose of analyzing and interpreting the data related to furniture and household items, the qualitative method to learn more about the distribution of the goods that people tested, economic, social level. And the comparative method between what establishes specialized historiography with the achievements of the research carried out.
Finally, we conclude that the meaning and value of furniture and furnishings in Lambayeque during 1750 to 1850 varied according to social practices and periods of time. With the urban transformation of Lambayeque from the Viceroyalty to the Republic, more trade was generated that allowed the population to acquire new furniture and household items made with better materials and of higher quality; In addition, the development of local, regional and foreign trade helped the exchange of objects with more recent techniques and styles, which were destined to the houses that in turn was distributed according to the requirements and tastes of their owners to manifest their riches.