Angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) is expressed in the aldosterone‐sensitive distal nephron (ASDN) and its expression is up‐regulated during increasing dietary K intake, suggesting a possible role of AT2R in stimulating K secretion in ASDN. Recent studies have indicated that distal convoluted tubule (DCT) plays an important role in the regulation of K homeostasis by controlling Na and volume delivery to the late ASDN through the regulation of Na‐Cl cotransporter (NCC). The aim of the present study is to explore the role of AT2R in the regulation of DCT function using electrophysiology, protein chemistry and renal clearance in Kcnj10+/+ (WT) and kidney‐specific Kcnj10−/− (KS‐Kir4.1KO) mice. We inhibited AT2R with continuous infusion of PD123319 through a mini‐osmotic pump for up to 4 days. PD123319 infusion for 4 days significantly increased the plasma potassium concentration from 4.4 ± 0.10 mM to 5.18 ± 0.33 mM. Also, the inhibition of AT2R with PD123319 significantly increased the expression of NCC and p‐NCC and augmented hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)‐induced natriuretic effect in comparison to vehicle‐treated WT mice. In contrast, PD123319 perfusion had no effect on the expression of Na‐K‐Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). These results strongly suggest that the inhibition of AT2R stimulates NCC function and that high NCC activity may be responsible for causing hyperkalemia in PD123319‐treated mice. We have previously demonstrated that the basolateral K conductance in the DCT determines the NCC activity such that high K conductance stimulates while low K conductance inhibits NCC. Thus, we next examined whether the stimulation of basolateral Kir4.1 in the DCT is responsible for increasing NCC activity in the WT mice receiving PD123319. Single channel recording showed that PD123319 perfusion for 4 days increased the channel open probability and the probability of finding the 40 pS K channel, a Kir4.1/Kir5.1 heterotetramer which is the only type of K channel in the basolateral membrane of the DCT. Whole‐cell recording also demonstrated that PD123319 infusion increased Ba2+‐sensitive K currents in the DCT of WT mice and the negativity of K reversal potential (an indication of membrane hyperpolarization). To confirm the role of Kir4.1 in mediating the effect of AT2R inhibition on NCC, we examined the expression of NCC in KS‐Kir4.1 KO mice treated with PD123319 for 4 days. The depletion of Kir4.1 completely abolished AT2R inhibition‐induced stimulation of NCC expression. Moreover, HCTZ‐induced natriuretic effect was absent in PD123319 treated or untreated KS‐Kir4.1 KO mice. These results strongly suggest that AT2R inhibition‐induced stimulation of NCC function is the results of the activation of the basolateral Kir4.1 channels in the DCT. In summary, inhibition of AT2R increases the basolateral Kir4.1 channel activity and hyperpolarizes the cell membrane in the DCT thereby stimulating the apical NCC activity. We conclude that AT2R in the DCT should play a role in stimulating K secretion by inhibiting the basolateral Kir4.1 and apical NCC in the DCT.


In the spring of 1982, Mrs. Gladys S. Tipler (Gladys) executed an attested will that left the majority of her estate to her husband, James Tipler (James), if he survived her.1 The will failed to discuss distribution of the estate if Gladys outlived James.2 Gladys, a few days after the initial execution, executed a holographic codicil,3 directing that if James predeceased her, her estate should be divided according to the terms of James' last will and testament.4 Although Gladys' codicil referred to James' will, James had not created a will when the codicil was executed.5 James did not execute a will until approximately eight years later, some six months before his death.6 James' will, when finally executed, established a lifetime trust for Gladys at his death and directed the corpus to be distributed to members of his family upon her death.7 Gladys died in 1994, four years after James' death.8 The members of James' family named as beneficiaries under his will admitted Gladys' codicil to probate as part of her last will and testament.9 If the probate court had refused to admit the codicil, several of Gladys' family members would have been entitled to the estate pursuant to Tennessee's intestacy statutes. 10 Thus, these heirs of Gladys' estate disputed the admission of the codicil.11 Gladys' heirs argued that they were entitled to her estate because the codicil "referred to a document not yet in existence" and because the holographic codicil contained material provisions that "were not in [Gladys'] handwriting," as required by the state statute defining holographic wills.12 The trial court noted that Gladys' intent should govern when construing her will.13 Further, through the application of the doctrine of facts of independent significance, 14 the specifics of Gladys' intended disposition could be shown through the terms of James' will.15 Because Gladys' obvious intent was to devise her estate to the beneficiaries chosen by James, the trial court declared the persons named in James' will to be the rightful beneficiaries. 16 Gladys' heirs-at-law appealed.17 The Tennessee Court of Appeals held, affirmed. In a will that bequeaths assets to beneficiaries to be named in a third party's later-executed will, the specific identity of the beneficiaries can be determined from the later-executed will by applying the doctrine of facts of independent significance. In re Tipler, 10 S.W.3d 244, 249-50. (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998), appeal denied (Tenn. June. 7, 1999). Since the time that state legislatures began enacting statutes of wills, testators have often failed to comply sufficiently with the statutory rules governing the formality of their wills. One problem frequently encountered occurs where testators refer to extrinsic documents or factual situations to dispense of their estate.19 Because of the many problems testators face in complying with the law, courts have created common law exceptions, or "escape devices," to the general statutory requirements to insure the fulfillment of the testator's intent.20 One such exception is the doctrine of facts of independent significance,21 which allows courts to bypass certain statutory formalities where the act or fact referred to in the will has significance apart from merely "completing the terms of the will."22 There are four general categories of acts referred to in a will that fall under the scope of the doctrine: (1) future acts of the testator, (2) future acts of third parties, (3) future acts of beneficiaries, and (4) references to past acts.23 As a matter of policy, it appears that courts would scrutinize the doctrine closely where a testator refers to acts falling within the first category, future acts committed personally by the testator.24 In reality, however, this is not the case. Only if facts clearly show that the testator intentionally "attempt[s] to govern the disposition by [his or her] future act" will the doctrine not apply.25 For example, a testator's will may refer the reader to a list existing at the time of the testator's death that signifies who should receive certain property of the estate. …


Organizations must continually explore new processes, products, and technology to survive and thrive through innovation. Organizational empowerment (OE) is a proactive and participative approach through which people within organizations acquire greater control and decision-making opportunities (Peterson & Zimmerman, 2004), which lead to creativity. Empowered employees would exhibit higher performance due to their more proactive approach to their work (Spreitzer, 1995). Contextual performance (CP), which improves the work environment and organizational culture through strengthened social networks. Differentiated from CP, adaptive performance (AP) is closely linked to innovation and creativity, which are essential to the success and competitive advantage of businesses. Despite the fact that organizations now confront more complex threats, little is known about the effectiveness of empowering approaches in improving contextual and adaptive performance. Based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), which explains human behavior from the interaction between environment and cognitive state, this study aims to explore the effect of OE on CP and AP through IWB. The study sample consists of 273 white-collar employees. Research hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling (SEM) via AMOS 21.0. The findings indicate that OE enhances CP and AP via IWB. Theoretical and practical implications are presented.


Robustness is one of the primary performance criteria for an Intelligent Video Surveillance (IVS) system. One of the key factors in enhancing the robustness of dynamic video analysis is, providing accurate and reliable means for shadow detection. If left undetected, shadow pixels may result in incorrect object tracking and classification, as it tends to distort localization and measurement information. Most of the algorithms proposed in literature are computationally expensive; some to the extent of equalling computational requirement of motion detection. In this paper, the homogeneity property of shadows is explored in a novel way for shadow detection. An adaptive division image (which highlights homogeneity property of shadows) analysis followed by a relatively simpler projection histogram analysis for penumbra suppression is the key novelty in our approach. Keywords—homogeneity, penumbra, projection histogram, shadow correction


We discuss several lters for their ability to both smoothen and enhance contrasts for an automatic evaluation of images. It turns out that lters that work well for the human sensation will not help for automatic image evaluation. Therefore we introduce a new lter, combining methods of nearest-neighbor and contrast enhancement techniques. Introduction Filters may both be used to repair pixel faults by applying some smoothing operator and to enhance some structures or contrasts in an image. There are many well-known lters that obey both tasks simultaneously. Also sometimes it is required to smoothen a ne or coarse texture but to enhance it if it becomes too regular. Some lters yield very good results for the human sensation, but the ltered image is too irregular to be reasonably treated by some automatic evaluation. In this paper we will discuss a few known lters for their applicability to automatic image evaluation. Therefore we fed the ltered images into two diierent image evaluation systems, the HSC and the CSC. It turns out that a variant of k-nearest-neighbor lters, namely s-n-n of 7], presents good results. Although the contrast enhancement technique of 1] comes up with surprisingly good results for humans such ltered images are not adequate for a further automatic evaluation. Both, the HSC and CSC, lead to rather bad results if fed with such ltered images. Also we present a new lter that combines the advantages of s-n-n and contrast enhancement, the c-s-n-lter. For a more detailed discussion on lters that also enhance edges, see e.g. 2], 4], 5], 6]. The structure of this paper is as follows. We will very brieey introduce the HSC and


Seeds are the eggs that contain nutrients to nourish the growth of a new plant. Therefore, their high nutrient content shouldn t come as a surprise. Seeds are an excellent nutrition package with their gold mine of healthy minerals and their niacin and folic acid contents. Seeds are considered to be the best sources of iron and zinc. In fact, one ounce of pumpkin seeds contains almost twice as much iron as three ounces of skinless chicken breast and they provide more fiber per ounce than nuts. They are also good sources of protein (Hornick & Yarnell, 2013). Since prehistoric times, plants have been used as a source of treatment for diseases. The demand for herbal medicines has got increased due to their natural origin and lesser side effects. Several plants or their parts have been exploited for this purpose. The medicinal value of these plants is attributed to the presence of some chemical substances (bioactive nonnutrient plant compounds) which produce a definite physiological action on human body (Edeoga et al., 2005). These ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 4 (2014) pp. 465-481 http://www.ijcmas.com


With the continuous development of the cause of pharmacy and the improvement of health care system in China,the demand for pharmacy administration talent who was proficient in both modern management and pharmacy knowledge was increasing.Based on the needs of pharmacy cause of standardized,scientific,legal,and international management,the training method of the versatile talents was explored from curriculum system construction,diversification of teaching method,teaching staff construction,and teaching content adjustment in order to train high-quality pharmacy administration team.


Abstract A study of the electrostatic enhancement of collection efficiency of filters pretreated with ionic surfactants has been carried out in controlled conditions with monodisperse aerosols. Cationic surfactant (dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide [DDAB]) and anionic surfactant (sodium oleate [SO]) were used to pretreat polypropylene fibrous filters as the positively and negatively charged filters, respectively. The effects of aerosol size, aerosol charge state, face velocity, aerosol type, and relative humidity (RH) were considered to elucidate their influence on the aerosol penetration. Results indicate that penetration through surfactant-pretreated filters was lower than that through untreated filters, and pretreatment of the filter with surfactant was observed not to affect the structure of the filter. The electrofieldmeter direct-measured the very clear electric field of filter when treating ionic surfactants. The results proved that pretreatment with surfactant caused filters to become charged. Comparing penetration through surfactant-pretreated filters with that through untreated filters with neutral aerosol, the penetration reduction factor of the surfactant-pretreated filters was in the range 1.3–2.2. Comparing aerosol penetration through the surfactant-pretreated filters with singly charged aerosol with that through untreated filters with uncharged aerosol indicates that the former decreases by a factor of 1.8–48.8. The surface fiber charges of the DDAB- and SO-pretreated filters were calculated to be 2.02 × 1−10 C/m and −1.53 × 10−10 C/m. Moreover, the aerosol penetrations through the surfactant-pretreated filters increased with the face velocity. Surfactant-pretreated filters performed better against solid aerosol than against liquid aerosol. RH has no effect on aerosol penetration through the surfactant-pretreated filters. Regression equations for Coulombic and dielectrophoretic single-fiber efficiencies in terms of the dimensionless parameters could be fitted by the experimental measurements of surfactant-pretreated filters in this work.


Considerable attention has been focused on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to their potential for the most promising technologies for very high-efficiency electric energy. In the present work, the structure and electrical performance of NiO-YSZ anode, which were annealed at 600⁰C were investigated.  The dip-coating technique was used for preparing NiO-YSZ thin films on glass substrate. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe the morphological structure and four point probe was used in order to analyze the electrical performance of the annealed films. The analysis showed that the NiO-YSZ anode annealed at 600⁰C was successfully fabricated for SOFCs applications, due to minimum roughness and the minimum conductivity which is 0.05604, 0.02061, 0.01443 S cm−1 for the 1, 2 and 3 layers, respectively. Therefore, this NiO-YSZ anode is promising the future generation of SOFCs.


Objective. To analyse the frequency of autopsy‐proven venous thromboembolism within a defined region and evaluate if certain risk groups not earlier recognized could be found. The incidence of objectively diagnosed venous thromboembolism was also calculated.


that the health behavioral traits, collect pollen, brood survival, defensive behavior traits, and characteristics of swarming honey production in spring and autumn in both artificial insemination and natural twisted pair differences there is significant.
Breeding bees is one of the most important ways to enhance the performance of the beekeeping industry and artificial insemination breeding is one of the most important tools. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of artificial insemination and natural mating behavior and performance characteristics are its queen. In this study, five hives for natural mating and artificial insemination were considered for the five hive. Tests in the spring and fall in the mud fire area in the countryside crypt of Ardabil. Data on neonatal survival traits, health behavior, collect pollen, the increase in population, honey production, swarming, aggressive behavior and illness for two methods of artificial insemination and natural mating on a T-test were analyzed. The results showed


Pierced by the number line: Integers are associated with back-to-front sagittal space Tyler Marghetis* Kendall Youngstrom firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Cognitive Science University of California, San Diego email@example.com Department of Cognitive Science University of California, San Diego Abstract enculturation into spatial practices; indeed, its orientation switches in cultures where numbers and words are read right-to-left (Shaki, Fischer, & Petrusic, 2009). The horizontal number line is but one in a system of spatial-numerical associations, including a bottom-to-top association with vertical space (e.g. Hartmann, Grabherr, & Mass, 2012). Spatial dispositions may even play a role in more complex tasks: Mental arithmetic, for instance, induces systematic dispositions to respond spatially, with addition biasing responses rightward and subtraction biasing responses leftward (Knops et al, 2009), even during exact, symbolic calculation (Marghetis et al, 2014). Mathematical cognition, paragon of abstraction, is marked by systematic associations between number and space, often described as "mental number lines." In three experiments, we demonstrate a novel effect: a sagittal (back-to-front) number line for negative and positive integers. In a paradigm requiring full-body movements, participants judged numerical magnitude (Exp. 1-2) and parity (Exp. 3). Across all three experiments, participants associated numerical magnitude with locations in front of and behind the body. Responses to negative integers were faster when moving backward than forward; responses to positive integers, faster forward than backward. This sagittal number line appears to require the involvement of negative numbers (Exp. 1-2) and is most pronounced when judging magnitude (Exp. 3). In sum, reasoning about integers induces systematic dispositions to act along the sagittal axis. Such dispositions may reflect our mathematical habitus, habits of action and thought that reflect and enact our conceptual systems. * Keywords: numerical cognition; space; embodiment; integers; sagittal number line A back-to-front sagittal number line? These spatial dispositions seem to reflect asymmetries in spatial experience. The vertical axis is oriented in virtue of the asymmetry of our bodies, as well as by experiential correlations between more and up (Lakoff & Nunez, 2000). And while our bodies are bilaterally symmetric, the horizontal axis is oriented by cultural practices such as reading and counting (e.g., Shaki, Fischer, & Petrusic, 2009). It is surprising, therefore, that little attention has been given to dispositions along an especially prominent axis: the sagittal axis, running from behind the body to the front. The sagittal axis, after all, is striking in its asymmetry. Things in front can be seen, heard, touched; things behind are far more difficult to access. The sagittal axis, moreover, is associated with another abstract domain: Time (see Nunez & Cooperrider, 2013, for review). In English, language typically reserved for sagittal space is used to talk about time (e.g. look forward to the future); co-speech gestures also reflect this pattern; and temporal reasoning induces dispositions to move forward or backward (ibid). Language, gesture, and thought all enact a sagittal timeline. What about number? In English, decreasing or increasing counting is most often described spatially as counting down or up, but also sometimes as counting backward or forward. But there is little evidence that we actually conceptualize number using the sagittal axis, using a back-to-front sagittal number line (SNL). Some suggestive evidence comes from the so-called "vertical" SNARC, perhaps more accurately described as a radial effect: Responses to smaller numbers are faster in near space, and to bigger numbers, in far space (Ito & Hatta, 2004). However, this radial SNARC effect has always been tested with response buttons placed directly in front of the body, thus confounding location along the sagittal axis with distance from the body; larger numbers may just prime responses that are farther away. Hartmann et al (2012) tried to find evidence for an unambiguously back- to-front representation of number. Their Swiss participants SNARC; Introduction "[Space] provides a location for all things that come into being. […] [E]verything that exists must of necessity be somewhere, in some place and occupying some space, and that which doesn't exist somewhere, whether on earth or in heaven, doesn't exist at all." – Plato, Timaeus Mathematics is paradigmatically abstract, and its objects are beyond the reach of perception and interaction. And yet we still manage to engage in mathematical reasoning—for some, with more than a modicum of success and confidence. This may depend, in part, on weaving mathematics into concrete practices, habits, and concepts (Kitcher, 1984; Lakoff & Nunez, 2000). Indeed, numbers are tightly linked to space in both action and thought (Hubbard et al, 2005). A now-classic finding is the "SNARC" effect: among literate individuals from cultures that read left-to-right, smaller numbers induce dispositions to act in left space, and larger numbers, in right space (Dehaene et al, 1993). Negative integers, too, induce spatial dispositions, although task- demands influence whether they are located to the "left" of zero, in line with their relative numerical magnitude, or mixed in with positive integers on the basis of their absolute value (e.g. Fischer, 2003; Ganor-Stern & Tzelgov, 2008). This horizontal "mental number line" reflects a lifetime of Corresponding author.


In violent crimes, adhesive tapes such as duct tape are often used by perpetrators e.g. to tie up a victim. In the forensic examination of such tapes many different types of traces can be found, such as finger marks and human biological traces. These traces are first interpreted at source level. However, even when it is certain that a trace was donated by the suspect this does not necessarily mean that he donated the trace while taping the victim, as he could have e.g. used the tape roll from which the pieces came previous to the crime. Therefore, the trace can also be interpreted at activity level. For this, factors such as transfer, persistence and recovery, as well as the position of the trace as it would have been on the original roll have to be taken into consideration. In this study, we have developed a Bayesian network which can aid the forensic practitioner in his interpretation. From a sensitivity analysis, we have concluded that it would be most desirable to set up further studies to determine the most likely positions of DNA on tape rolls if there has only been innocent contact.


The condition of machines gradually deteriorates and this gradual quantitative deterioration leads to its failure. When a fault takes place, some of the machine parameters change. Monitoring of these changed machine parameters entail the developing fault. Rolling element bearing is an important part for any rotating machinery. The vibration generated due to bearing fault at slow speed is of low energy and those are mostly absorbed by the structural path. Moreover, the frequency of vibration for such a case falls much below the cut off frequency of normally available sensor. Capturing and processing of this type of signal requires special care to diagnose the incipient fault of the bearing. An attempt has been made to detect the incipient bearing fault operating at slow speed by collecting vibration signal and processing it. The signals are collected using the sensor with sensitivity > 500 mv/g. The signal is processed using enveloping technique along with wavelet transform to disintegrate the signal into different levels.


Abstract. Background.  Screening for asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (ALVD) in patients at risk for heart failure (HF) can affect clinical management. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) in the diagnosis of ALVD in patients with hypertension and diabetes from primary care.

Methods and Results.  A total of 1012 patients with hypertension and/or diabetes and no symptoms or signs of HF were assessed by NT-pro-BNP assay and echocardiography. Diastolic dysfunction was present in 368 of 1012 patients (36.4%): 327 (32.4%) with mild diastolic dysfunction and 41 (4%) with a moderate to severe diastolic dysfunction. Systolic dysfunction was present in 11 of 1012 patients (1.1%). NT-pro-BNP levels were 170±206 and 859±661 pg/mL, respectively, in diastolic and systolic dysfunction and 92±169 in healthy patients (P<.0001). Pooling moderate to severe diastolic with systolic dysfunction, a total of 52 patients (5.1%) were obtained: the best cutoff of NT-pro-BNP was 125 pg/mL (men younger than 67 years: sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 92.7%; negative predictive value [NPV], 99.5%; positive predictive value [PPV], 33.3%; women younger than 67 years: sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 84.1%; NPV, 100%; PPV, 33.3%; men 67 years or older: sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 77.1%; NPV, 100%; PPV, 32.5%; women 67 years or older: sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 59.9%; NPV, 100%; PPV, 23%).

Conclusions.  The prevalence of ALVD in patients at risk for HF is 5.1%. Because of its excellent NPV, NT-pro-BNP assessment can be used by general practitioners to rule out ALVD in hypertensive or diabetic patients.—Betti I, Castelli G, Barchielli A, et al. The role of N-terminal Pro-brain natriuretic peptide and echocardiography for screening asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in a population at high risk for heart failure. The PROBE-HF study. J Card Fail. 2009;15:377–384.


Starting from the basic ideas of mathematica, we give a detailed description about the way of linking of external programs with mathematica through proper mathlink commands. This article may be quite helpful for the beginners to start with and write programs in mathematica.
In the first part, we illustrate how to use a mathemtica notebook and write a complete program in the notebook. Following with this, we also mention elaborately about the utility of the local and global variables those are very essential for writing a program in mathematica. All the commands needed for doing different mathematical operations can be found with some proper examples in the mathematica book written by Stephen Wolfram \cite{wolfram}.
In the rest of this article, we concentrate our study on the most significant issue which is the process of linking of {\em external programs} with mathematica, so-called the mathlink operation. By using proper mathlink commands one can run very tedious jobs efficiently and the operations become extremely fast.


At a time when the Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform is forming a strategic review group for penal reform, it is imperative that all areas of penal policy are thoroughly examined to ensure that any reform proposed is not only progressive and socially responsible but realistic and viable within the economic constraints faced by all sectors of the State. This article focuses on the Community Service Order in Ireland as an alternative to custodial sanctions. The function and use of the Community Service order is explored and investigated through literature and policy reviews, whilst public opinion pertaining to such is then examined through an analysis of primary research. Based on the findings of both primary and secondary research, a number of recommendations are made in relation to the development and use of the Community Service Order in the Irish context.


The complexes of the cycloserine derivative, 4,4'-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylidynenitrilo)]bis(isoxazolidin-3-one) or terizidone, with chromium(III), ruthenium(III) and rhodium(III) have been synthetized; their structures have been suggested on the basis of analytical, conductivity, spectral (visible, infrared and far-infrared) and magnetic data, and the thermal analyses have revealed the extent of coordinated water among the chromium and ruthenium complexes. The various ligand field parameters have been evaluated; the B' values suggest a strong covalency in the metal-ligand σ bond and the Dq values show a medium-strong ligand field. The position and multiplicity of the metal-halogen stretching modes in the far-infrared region have been extensively investigated and discussed; the results are particularly useful in distinguishing between the mer- and fac-isomers in the octahedral compounds of the ML3X3 type. The ligand is monodentate O-bonded or N-bonded through the oxygen of the keto group or through the nitrogen of the imino group of the isoxazole ring. We have never observed a metal-induced cycloserine ring opening under the present experimental conditions.


Type 304 stainless steel is known to exhibit significant heat-to-heat variations in mechanical behavior. Results of analysis of the effects of grain size and chemical composition on the tensile properties of 20 heats of type 304 stainless steel are presented. Since the material involved all came from commercial heats, the ranges in composition of some elements do not permit a clear delineation of the effects of those elements. Nevertheless, regression equations reflecting the effects of various variables have been developed. These equations describe the data reasonably well, whereas comparison with similar equations obtained by previous investigators yielded generally unsatisfactory results. In addition, the effects of carbon, nitrogen, and grain size have been addressed in detail.


Minimal inhibitory concentration of 8 selected chiese medicine to E coli in fowl which produce extended-spectrum β-Lactamases(ESBLs) were measured in order to select ones which have inhibitory action to ESBLs.The result showed that the 8 selected Chinese medicine all have bacteriostatic action on different degrees.Forsythia suspensa and paeoniae alba have higher action.According to the result of this experience,forsythia suspensa and paeoniae alba can be the effective measure to control the infection of E coli.


In order to study the effect of mechanism of large plastic deformation at room temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Li alloy, Al–Li alloy was processed by high-pressure torsion deformation technology (HPT) (εeff = 1.84–3.9), and the FEM analysis was employed to simulate the stress–strain field during plastic deformation. The research results have shown that compared to the low plastic deformation (εeff < 1), the grain size of Al–Li alloy can be refined to the nanometer scale significantly by the large plastic deformation technology. With the equivalent strain increasing, the grain was refined to 128 nm, dislocation density increased to 40.8 × 1014 m−2, precipitates were dissolved into the matrix, microhardness and tensile strength significantly improved, and meanwhile the ductility decreased. Grain boundary and dislocation strengthening were the main strengthening mechanisms of severe plastic deformation at room temperature. The fracture mode of alloy was quasi-cleavage fracture.


The natural language processing community has had a major interest in auto-regressive [4, 13] and span-prediction based language models [7] recently, while knowledge graphs are often referenced for common-sense based reasoning and fact-checking models. In this paper, we present an equivalence representation of span-prediction based language models and knowledge-graphs to better leverage recent developments of language modelling for multi-modal problem statements. Our method performed well, especially with sentiment understanding for multi-modal inputs, and discovered potential bias in naturally occurring videos when compared with movie-data interaction-understanding. We also release a dataset of an auto-generated questionnaire with ground-truths consisting of labels spanning across 120 relationships, 99 sentiments, and 116 interactions, among other labels for finer-grained analysis of model comparisons in the community.


The wireless communications, especially cellphones have popularly been used. The frequency of cellphone communication has been shifted 900 MHz to 5.68 GHz including 2.45 GHz which is water resonance frequency in earlier stage. The effects of this microwave on humans have also issued based on current researches. In addition, the new rule adopted today creates a new Upper Microwave Flexible Use services in the 28, 37, and 39 GHz bands, and a new unlicensed band at 64 -71 GHz. The research reported herein, seeks to review possible effects of microwave signals with the frequencies ranging from 900 MHz to 100 GHz on the humans and environment. In this paper, the dielectric properties of various human tissues, especially human brain is used for estimation of influence within the frequency ranges.


About 4 % of the connecting pieces used in the construction of oil pipelines in the 1950s–1970s were manufactured in the field. Despite the fact that in recent years the number of such parts has significantly reduced, failures associated with their lack of reliability occupy a noticeable share in the total number of failures in the system of oil trunk pipelines. The purpose of this work is to analyze the typical causes of failure of connecting parts using the example of a tee bend with a reinforcing plate. The authors carried out structural and fractographic studies of the defective structure. On the basis of information about the operating conditions and the actual characteristics of the bend metal, as well as data on the centers of destruction and the nature of crack propagation, computer modeling of the stress-strain state of the part was carried out. Based on the results of metallurgical studies and computer modeling, it was established that the cause of the formation of a through crack in the weld at the junction of the main oil pipeline and the reserve branch was excess stresses in the area of welding of the reinforcing plate to the branch, exceeding the tensile strength of the material of the tee branch pipe.


The current trend in developing smart technology for the Internet of Things (IoT) has motivated a lot of research interest in optimizing data transmission or minimizing energy consumption, but with little evidence of proposals for achieving both objectives in a single model. Using the concept of game theory, we develop a new MAC protocol for IEEE 802.15.4 and IoT networks in which we formulate a novel expression for the players' utility function and establish a stable Nash equilibrium (NE) for the game. The proposed IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol is modeled as a smart game in which analytical expressions are derived for channel access probability, data transmission probability, and energy used. These analytical expressions are used in formulating an optimization problem (OP) that maximizes data transmission and minimizes energy consumption by nodes. The analysis and simulation results suggest that the proposed scheme is scalable and achieves better performance in terms of data transmission, energy-efficiency, and longevity, when compared with the default IEEE 802.15.4 access mechanism.


A major concern in the rehabilitation of the blind is the establishment of a pattern of training which will lead to employment. Until recently the outlook for employment for the totally blind has been rather restrictive. However, within the last five years, a new avenue of hope has appeared upon the horizon: computer programming. This field has revolutionized management thinking in large corporations and government, as well as in a number of smaller industries in our country. It has also brought about a total revolution in the labor market. The demand for experienced and qualified programmers is such that wage scales for this labor category have grown tremendously. Let me cite an example: a high school graduate, with approximately two years of experience in computer programming, can earn in the neighborhood of $8500 to $9500 per year. In what other field of endeavor is this so? In early 1963, a National Institute of Health grant was given to the Medical Computing Center of the University of Cincinnati to explore the extent to which computers can aid in the rehabilitation of the blind. This study was conducted to develop techniques and aids to enable the blind to become computer programmers. o In the summer of 1964, I started to train, privately, a blind paraplegic as a computer programmer. At this time, evidence as to the feasibility of this training had not been thoroughly evaluated, but conjectures were made that enough experience had been gained in order to validate training the blind in computer programming. I went ahead, knowing that I could in no way guarantee success, but proceeded with the idea that it was worth a try to give hope to this young man. He desperately needed the opportunity to prove to himself and to others who might be in the same unfortunate circumstance as he was that it was not only feasible, but possible for the blind to function as programmers, and to earn the right to compete with sighted counterparts. The training of this man was conducted, not in a laboratory atmosphere, but on a private tutoring basis in his home. I did not have the benefit of a large staff, a computer system at my disposal, or any special equipment when training started. Recorded lessons were the basic process used in presenting the technology of the field. More than 200 hours of recording time were logged to transcribe the texts needed to present the basic concepts of computer programming for the IBM 1401 computer. All tests and practice exercises were also recorded, to give the student understanding and knowledge of the basic con-


Sometimes, a nurse's commitment goes far beyond administering care, acting as a patient advocate, and providing emotional support during someone's time of need. The most dedicated professionals have a big-picture view of the profession. Healthcare travelers are particularly mindful of this commitment, as they embark on assignments throughout the country to help facilities maintain high levels of quality care during staffing crises.


Although the protection of ownership and the prevention of unauthorized manipulation of digital images becomes an important concern, there is also a big issue of image source origin authentication. This paper proposes a procedure for the identification of the image source and content by using the Public Key Cryptography Signature (PKCS). The procedure is based on the PKCS watermarking of the images captured with numerous automatic observing cameras in the Trap View cloud system. Watermark is created based on 32-bit PKCS serial number and embedded into the captured image. Watermark detection on the receiver side extracts the serial number and indicates the camera which captured the image by comparing the original and the extracted serial numbers. The watermarking procedure is designed to provide robustness to image optimization based on the Compressive Sensing approach. Also, the procedure is tested under various attacks and shows successful identification of ownership.


Perceived stress has proven to be highly correlated with negative health outcomes. Identifying influential predictors of perceived stress is of crucial importance to limit its spread and overcome its deteriorating effects on health and wellbeing. Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate prevalence of perceived stress and the degree of association between some biochemical, work-related and sociodemographic factors with high scores on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).A convenient sample of 86 (26 males and 60 females) Egyptian working adults represented the study sample. Participants were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire for socio-demographics, the Cohen's perceived stress scale, Falsification of Type Scale for job stress and Andrews and Withey Job Satisfaction Scale. Blood samples were collected from all participants and serum cortisol, DHEA-s and CRP were estimated using ELISA. Majority of the sample (70%) showed moderate perceived stress. Mean values of cortisol, DHEAs and CRP lied within their normal ranges. Irritability, loss of concentration, loss of sense of humor and fatigue represented the significant factors associating high perceived stress .Job stress is a serious risk factor for perceived stress while DHEA-s –among the studied biomarkersis the only one that could help in PS prediction.


During a survey of the nematodes associated with weeds in vegetables growing in plastic polytunnels in Martinique, 33 weed species in 26 genera and 15 families were collected to extract nematodes from the roots. Results of this survey showed that weeds mainly belong to five families: the Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and the Portulacaceae and only four phytoparasitic nematode genera were consistently recovered. Four weed species were found to be nematode free. All the others were considered nematode reservoirs. The most frequently encountered nematodes were Rotylenchulus reniformis, followed by different species of Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, and Pratylenchus. When present, root infestation by Meloidogyne always outnumbered the other nematode species. It is noticeable that, during this survey, only three weed species exhibited typical symptoms of galls and deformed roots when infected by Meloidogyne.


LiDAR odometry (LO) has gained popularity in recent years because of its growing applications. Existing solutions include filtering and smoothing, where the former optimizes the latest pose with high efficiency and the latter optimizes multiple poses with strong consistency. Still, it is promising to fuse filtering and smoothing in LO. In this paper, we propose a novel tight filtering and smoothing fusion method. Firstly, two nested sliding windows are maintained and they share estimated poses and features to balance the accuracy and efficiency. The large outer window is used to build a large local map for high-quality scan-to-map matching in the filtering module, and multiple poses in the small inner window are optimized in the smoothing module to improve local consistency and efficiency. Furthermore, sparse directed geometry points (DGPs) are tracked across window keyframes to produce feature-wise multiple residuals for poses optimization in both filtering and smoothing modules. Besides, the strategies of ratio-based refined pose optimization and efficient DGP feature triangulation are developed for pose refinement and local map update, respectively. The experiments on KITTI and Newer College (NC) datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The offering article is an attempt of creation of psychological and pedagogical conditions to transition from non-personal knowledge to the real educational practice. The questions of using form - emotional factors were considered in the article, promoting the students' opening of their personal senses. Exposing the essence of the conception «the form - emotional base» of a lesson, the author shows the necessary and the significance of its using in the education in order to give harmonic, integrated development of student's personality. Methods of the building of the educational process on the form - emotional base are presented in the article too.


BACKGROUND: This study compared patterns of deficit in "theory of mind" and "emotion regulation" in patientswith bipolar disorder and normal individuals. METHODS: In this causal-comparative study, subjects were 20 patients with bipolar disorder and 20 normalindividuals. Patients were selected via convenience sampling method among hospitalized patients at Razi hospital ofTabriz, Iran. The data was collected through two scales: Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and Emotion RegulationQuestionnaire. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS: There were significant differences between patients with bipolar disorder and healthy individuals in theoryof mind and emotion suppression. Patient group achieved lower scores on theory of mind and higher scores onemotional suppression compared to the controls. But, in reassessment and total score of emotion regulation there wereno significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that both "theory of mind" and "emotion regulation" are impaired in patientswith bipolar disorder compared to healthy individuals and the patients are more liable to use suppression strategies.


The present invention relates to a biogas purification apparatus and a purification method, and a biogas purification apparatus according to the present invention comprises a purification unit for removing hydrogen sulfide and siloxane contained in a supplied biogas; A pressure swing adsorption unit that receives purified biogas from the purification unit and removes carbon dioxide to produce biomethane; And a first return unit that measures the methane concentration of the biomethane produced from the pressure swing adsorption unit and is controlled to return to the supply line when the measured methane concentration is less than a first reference value. As a result, it is possible to improve the methane recovery rate by recovering the biomethane in the case of the biomethane produced under the vehicle fuel standard value, to selectively recover some of the residual gas and purge gas including the carbon dioxide discharged during the process, A biogas refining apparatus capable of minimizing the amount of methane discharged into the atmosphere is provided.


A pleasant voice is an asset not only in various professions but also in speech technologies. This article addresses the correlation between voice likability and phonogenres. Men and women of different age groups were asked to evaluate voice likability in 5-second speech passages arranged into two web-based listening tests, presenting 50 female voices and 60 male voices, respectively. The passages represented three phonogenres: radio commentaries, lectures and radio talk shows. The results demonstrated the impact of a phonogenre on voice likability scores. The phonogenres were analysed acoustically using the extended Geneva Minimalistic Acoustic Parameter Set (eGeMAPS). Out of the 88 parameters, 27 turned out to be relevant for describing phonogenres (six parameters coincided with male and female voices). The analysis revealed that one of the three phonogenres—lectures—displayed a consistent difference from the other two. Lecturing voices were considered the least likable, irrespective of the age and gender of the speaker as well as the listener.


DNA methylation sensor is an emerging demand of modern medical for laboratory, though lots of efforts have been contributed in this discipline, the easy-to-operate and efficient sensing terminal is still in deficiency. In this work, a total solution processable printing technology is proposed to fabricate the DNA methylation sensor, which is based on the liquid gate graphene field effect transistor (Lg-GFET). Meanwhile, the graphene ink (G-ink) was prepared by using the modified liquid-exfoliation method, to facilitate printing production. Then, five kinds of tested single strand DNA (ssDNA) which have 0 to 4 5-methylcytosine (5mC) sites were covalently anchored on the graphene channel. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted to demonstrate the analyte ssDNA was successfully fixed. Thirdly, the 5mC sites were identified by their antibody of 5mC (5mCab) and transduced as the changed current between the source and drain electrodes ( I ds). It is found the proposed sensor has good linear sensitivity (about -1.68% for per 5mC) to the amount of 5mC sites on the tested ssDNAs with Pearson correlation coefficient -0.98 and excellent anti-interference to unmethylated ssDNAs. Besides, the cost is estimated to be about $ 1.5 for each of the proposed DNA methylation sensor. Conclusively, the proposed low-cost component may be an efficient candidate for promoting the instant DNA methylation determination.


The Parthenon is a unique example of a colonial Australian magazine published for girl readers by two aspirant writers, Ethel and Lilian Turner. In addition to its domestic content, typical of women's magazines, it also sought to contribute to nascent Australian literary culture. This article locates the Parthenon within the history of colonial women's publishing and literary culture, and situates its content within the context of the Woman Movement of the period. It reads the Parthenon's telling picture of young women's perceptions of colonial literary culture and of the need to balance literary aspirations with domestic responsibilities through the lens of the "expediency feminism" advocated by the Dawn, a women's magazine published by Louisa Lawson from 1888. The article argues that the Parthenon's superficially conservative opinion of women's supreme calling being in the home rather than the newspaper office or university library was in alignment with the arguments made by the Woman Movement to advocate for women's greater participation in the public sphere. The comparison of these contemporaneous monthly publications written and produced by women enables an understanding of the ways in which late nineteenth-century attempts to encourage women's careers and independence were grounded in domesticity.


This research examines the role of stakeholders' knowledge in achieving sustainable development
goals (SDGs). For this purpose, both primary data in the form of interviews conducted on five
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) managers of Multinational Companies (MNCs) and
secondary data is used. The dissertation is divided into six major chapters. The literature review
found that the knowledge of stakeholder along with the notion of corporate sustainability is
important in facilitating overall sustainability in the long run.
There are also issues related to the stakeholder theory in the form of stakeholders having
different needs and perspectives that might affect the sustainability process. However, the focus
should be more on developing the sustainable goals along with communicating the same to the
stakeholders. This can be further strengthened by using the stakeholder knowledge to address
corporate sustainability along with working towards achieving the common idea of sustainability.
The findings based on interviews revealed that the notion of sustainability had gained awareness
and recognition in different companies.
Companies are even aware of the importance of stakeholders and accepted the fact that their
knowledge is important in adding value to the business processes and activities. It was further
found that regarding SDG, the usefulness of stakeholders' knowledge has not gained clarity, as
companies are not aware of using them efficiently. The discussion found that stakeholders'
knowledge is quite important in adding the element of sustainability but might not be fully related
to the formulation and implementation of SDG.
This is mainly because of the conflict of interest among stakeholders. Also, the knowledge of all
stakeholders might not be useful, as only selected stakeholders with relevant knowledge can be
assumed as important in seeking their suggestions and advice.
Finally, it was concluded that the role of stakeholders knowledge is immense in achieving
sustainable development goals but is also marred by a number of challenges and issues mainly related to cooperation and coordination. It is important to create an environment where
stakeholders are aware of their contribution and are motivated enough to support the sustainable
development goals.


ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted by the radical collapse of thick-walled cylinders. Optical microscopic examination showed that sample ( = 7.3 × 104 s−1, εef = 0.45) failed to produce adiabatic shear bands (ASBs), while ASBs were obtained in samples ( = 1.48 × 105 s−1, εef = 0.86;  = 1.18 × 105 s−1, εef = 0.81), which shows that the energy barrier in shear band formation was decreased with the increase of shear strain rate. With the increase of strain rate, the number of ASBs decreased and the spacing and the average length increased, and the propagation rate of ASBs increased from 213 m s−1 ( = 1.18 × 105 s−1) to 417 m s−1 ( = 1.48 × 105 s−1).


A synthetic method is described for the direct regioselective O-alkylation of sterically hindered acetylenic carbinols in the presence of other alcoholic functional groups. The method is not sensitive to the configuration of the latter or to the stereochemistry of ring fusion; the preparation of 5β- and 5α- 20α-ethynyl-20β-methoxy-pregnan-3β-ol 1b and 2b from the corresponding 20-ols is exemplary. In addition, a straightforward high yield four-step procedure is described for the preparation of the regio-isomer, 20α-ethynyl-3β-methoxy-5β-pregnan-20β-ol 1c from 5β-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one 3a via 3b, 3c and 3d.


Within the historiographical renovation regarding the study of Pampa and Patagonia's indigenous and frontier societies, chiefly authority has been one of the most polemic issues, due to the disagreement when characterizing their sociopolitical structures. This article proposes to revise inherited conceptual frames, to outline new theoretical lines of analysis and to suggest new concepts which allow us to rethink the "Negocio Pacifico de Indios", which has transcended in historiography as the specific politic of Rosas government in order to subordinate "friendly" moieties.


The effects of single event upsets (SEU) are becoming increasingly important to circuit designers. Exact and detailed error rate estimations are needed to determine a system's level of reliability. The architectural vulnerability factor (AVF) is a measure for the relative reliability of a circuit. In this paper we outline the properties of several known approaches such as statistical testing (fault injection), probabilistic error propagation and formal techniques. In addition we present necessary improvements to the Backwards Analysis method for AVF estimation. These improvements allow the analysis of any kind of RT-level circuit. Finally we present optimizations of the algorithm, which result in linear runtime overhead for the analysis of circuits compared to their simulation time.


The wealth of new and detailed material presented in this study is impressive, if at times overwhelming in its confusion, and will add much to our meager knowledge of this remote island. The various profiles of ecological zones on the island will also be of considerable interest to anyone concerned with the microecology of island systems and the transition between the dryland root crop systems of New Guinea and the irrigated wet rice systems of Western Indonesia. Conceptually, however, we are provided with an overdose of substance and little framework within which to evaluate that substance. Revision of the format and narrative could remove some of these problems and heighten the overall analytical and planning implications of the study. If geographers wish to make effective use of ecological analysis as a research framework, they will need to be more explicit in defining this framework and remaining true to its integrative and comprehensive nature. This study is not very reassuring in that respect.


We present a novel approach for predictive maintenance using acceleration data. Modern bikes can be equipped with additional smart features that enable early detection of deteriorating brake performance. This allows individual user feedback based on the condition of their bikes and therefore improve safety. We evaluate the suitability of various machine learning approaches for predictive maintenance using acceleration data of bike rides with good and bad brake performance. Here we compare two methods of measuring acceleration, namely we use hall sensors and inertial sensors. Overall, we achieve a F1-score of up to 0.76 using the time series specialized k-nearest neighbor in a preliminary evaluation. Furthermore, our results show that inertial sensors are better suited for measuring acceleration data than hall sensors.


Of current concern is whether President Clinton's Health Security Act will provide quality, comprehensive reproductive health services. These services should include preconceptional risk assessment, contraception (including sterilization), infertility services, screening for sexually transmitted diseases and cancers of the reproductive system, prenatal diagnosis, abortion, prenatal care, and maternity care throughout the postpartum period. Clinton's health care reform plan clearly addresses preventive health services, considers the long term, and grants preventive services preferential treatment. Yet, it does not provide specifics on family planning or make it a priority. It does not even address family planning under preventive services. The plan never mentions abortion, despite the president's insistence that abortion care is included. Clinton emphasizes that the national policy is to prevent unwanted pregnancies. The lack of specifics makes it difficult to determine whether the plan will maintain or improve existing reproductive health services. Limited information is available on coverage by private insurance policies. Advantages of the Clinton plan are removal of financial obstacles, permanent eligibility, and uniform coverage of services regardless of income, state, or residence. Unless the plan becomes more specific, disadvantages may include limited or no coverage of family planning services and limited or no access to reproductive health services for low-income women. Managed care programs may not provide sensitive reproductive health services (e.g., abortion) on religious or moral grounds. Many political barriers exist to health care reform. If Congress breaks the policy deadlock, with only cosmetic reform that ignores obvious problems, we will be left with the same, but more exacerbated, issues to be addressed in the future.


Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the cardiocyte hypertrophic response stimulated by stretch. Methods Spectrophotometry, in situ hybridilization and image analysis were used to detect changes of protein, DNA contents and β MHC mRNA expression. Results The protein syntheses, β MHC mRNA expression and the concentration of intracellular free Ca 2+ of cardiomyoctes induced by stretch were significantly elevated than that in control. Protein syntheses and β MHC mRNA expression induced by stretch were significantly inhibited by NO (3×10 -4 mol/L), and the role was persistent if its concentration was kept. Meanwhile, the increase of intracellular free Ca 2+ induced by stretch was also inhibited by NO. Conclusion Cardiocytes hypertrophic response stimulated by stretch could be inhibited by nitric oxide. The inhibitory effect might be due to the decrease of the concentration of intracellular free Ca 2+ .


Everything that rises must converge— But of everything that falls, where does it fall to? And though we hold the dead as closely as we can How far, how wide of where we living are ... Benny, have you gone back down to your otherworldly Madison slippery on a mudslick of red clay, Sweet potato sandwiches in your lunch sack? Chimney-walled shacks, raw pine boards oozing sap, Little muck-holes gouged by hooves out in the yard, The galvanized roofs all trembly in the rain. The people you loved to paint, hands big and gangly, Long pointy feet, bodies sway-backed and tall As if floating on a pool; and those bony, long-eared, Knobby-legged mules, shovel heads thrusting At the viewer, resigned in their leather blinders To working out the day for "them white ladies" You'd have to step aside for—that "artificial White made world.. .."


This article is a revised and expanded version of the author's keynote address for the inaugural International Conference on Politics and International Studies (ICPIS) 2018, held in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The title reflects the official theme of the said scholarly congregation, which deliberates on the contested notions of globalisation and the phenomenon's related outcomes, including its much touted hegemonic, universal liberal qualities, which have elicited a backlash that has seen the revival of nationalism and identity politics during the last few decades. That globalisation has arrived at a crossroads and the thought of what might lie ahead is what this paper seeks to ponder, through the prism and critique of both recent as well as older works by the likes of Francis Fukuyama, Charles Taylor, Wang Gungwu and Samuel P. Huntington. More specifically, it critically explores the evolution and progress of globalisation from both historical and international relations (IR) perspectives, explicating watershed eras in the long cycle of modern international history that had as much facilitated as hindered the realisation of a universal liberal consensus, or liberal triumph. Although concluding that globalisation has been stopped in its tracks, the article nevertheless, expresses concerns regarding the limitations of Western-oriented IR as a discipline in comprehensively grasping the complexities of post-globalisation dynamics shaped by culturalideational specificities, not to mention, the fallacy of overemphasising on "identity politics" as a "master concept" in explaining all that is happening in contemporary world politics. Instead, it contends on the need to review existing analytical frameworks, while exploring new "logics" in the quest to construct new paradigms to help make sense of a post-globalisation, post-liberal, probably post-Western era. GLOBALISATION AT THE CROSSROADS? THE REVIVAL OF NATIONALISM AND IDENTITY POLITICS


A ssociation of SLC11A1 gene and production traits using logistic regression.- Genetika, Vol 51, No.2, 473-478. SlC11A1 gene is a potential candidate gene related to susceptibility to a wide range of intracellular pathogens. In this research, we used logistic regression analysis in a case-control study to find the relationship between SLC11A1 gene and estimated breeding values of production traits (estimated breeding values of protein and fat yield, and protein and fat percentage) in Holstein dairy cattle in a selective genotyping method. Samples have been genotyped based on clinical mastitis data using PCR-SSCP method, previously. The contrast between heterozygous genotype and both homozygous genotypes showed that despite of significant relationship between clinical mastitis and SLC11A1 , there was no negative effect of the gene of interest on production traits. Hence, considering the unfavorable relationship between clinical mastitis and production traits, selection of SLC11A1 gene will have no unfavorable effect on production traits, and it will not disorganize selection breeding programs based on health data.


Objective To observe the effects of Lizhong Decoction on expression and transport ability of peptide transporters 1(PepT1)in model rats with spleen-yang deficiency.Methods Spleen-yang deficiency rats models were established by the way of over exertion,purgation combined with reserpine injection.Transport ability of PepT1 for cefalexin was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC).Immunohistochemical technique was applied to detect the expression of PepT1 in mucous membrane of small intestine,reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)technique was used for the examination of PepT1 mRNA expression,and enzyme-linked immunospecific assay(ELISA)for the detection of cAMP of small intestinal mucosa.Results After administration through duodenum injection,serum cefalexin concentration in model rats was higher than that in the normal control group,and then arrived to the level of normal rats after treatment with Lizhong Decoction.PepT1 expression level in small intestinal mucosa of model rats was higher than that of normal control group,while that of treated group shows no significant difference from normal control group.PepT1 mRNA expression of model rats was lower than that of normal control group,but treated group shows no significant difference from normal control group.Mucosal cAMP level of the model group was lower than that of normal control group,and then arrived to the level in normal control group after treatment with Lizhong Decoction.Conclusion Compared with the normal rats,the protein expression and transport ability of PepT1 increase in model rats of spleen-yang deficiency,and Lizhong Decoction has counteraction on the above changes.


This work proposes a simplified space vector PWM algorithm for multilevel inverters using non-orthogonal moving reference frame. In this strategy, the non-orthogonal reference frame rotates accordingly with the sector where the reference vector lies. The nearest three vectors (NTV) are determined via identification of the triangle in hexagon, using information about the sector and the triangle where the reference vector lies. The duty-cycles are determined using a single calculation equation set. Therefore, the logic tests used by formerly proposed algorithms to determine the NTV and to calculate the duty-cycles are no longer necessary. The calculation of triangle location and duty-cycle considering the NTV are simple. The switching pattern is generated via the selection of coefficients stored in look-up table. The approach works for any number of levels, and its great advantage is that the complexity of the algorithm no longer increases, close to cubically, with the number of the inverter levels. Simulation and experimental results shows the algorithm feasibility.


We investigate the acoustic radiation from a 1:5 aspect ratio transitional rectangular jet predicted by large-eddy simulation (LES). The approximate deconvolution model was used as subgrid-scale model. The origin of this nonphysical noise is analyzed


In order to apply two-arm robots to carving ma king,the dynamics of 2R-1P3R mechanism was studied by R.P.Paul's method.The dri ving force or torque calculating equations of every joint were deduced. By maki ng use of the methods about cutting theory and differential geometry,the cutting forces in the equations were calculated. The software for calculating the large st driving force or torque of every joint was developed with MATLAB language.The numerical calculation of a practical example was given.


In this paper we present a modular framework to classify railway track areas regarding the expected presence of local GNSS threats. This information might be critical for a safe signalling operation, for example to determine where virtual balises could be placed safely. We show first how different GNSS threats can be detected using dedicated detection algorithms and how these individual detection results can be then transformed from time to the track domain. An overall decision logic is subsequently used to identify an area as suitable or unsuitable for GNSS usage by combining all available GNSS data collected over the same track area. Finally, the framework implementation is evaluated with railway data obtained during a measurement campaign in Sardinia, Italy in 2019. Even though developed in the railway context, the presented framework architecture and methodology may be also considered to perform similar classification tasks for other means of transport.


days of the experimental period, the animals underwent evaluation for visual observation of ingestive behavior in response to diet and physiological responses of animals to the environment. On days 13, 15 and 17, held the measurement of water consumption in response to diet offered. For the consumption of dry matter, crude protein, NDT, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber not significant differences (p>0.05) were observed with the inclusion of groundnut cake. The digestibility of DM, NDF and CNF showed no differences (p>0.05), and water consumption was similar (p>0.05) with the inclusion of groundnut cake instead of soybean meal. The heart rate (FC), rectal temperature (TR) and body temperature (TC) were similar (p>0.05) in the morning and afternoon, except for respiratory rate in the afternoon that showed a quadratic effect (p<0.05). The groundnut cake can totally replace soybean meal in the diet of lambs.


Abstract : Computational methods for analysis of weapons bay acoustics and weapons separation were developed. Methods were developed for and implemented in Splitflow a Cartesian based unstructured grid computational fluid dynamics flow solver. Using a Large Eddy Simulation model a variety of flux discretization approaches were investigated. Moving grid and six degree of freedom dynamics capability were implemented in the parallel processing version of Splitflow. Methods for interfacing multiple Splitflow solutions separated by a common boundary surface were developed. A Mach 1.2 flow over a simple cavity flow was simulated. The inflow boundary layer for the cavity flow solution was obtained from a compressible LES channel flow solution. A periodic boundary condition between the inflow and outflow of a compressible channel flow simulation was developed. Computational predictions of sound pressure level spectra were compared to experimental data. A preliminary demonstration of the capability to simulate the release of an AIM 120 from an F-22 fighter jet was performed. Robustness of the simulation methodology was assessed.


Regular practice of yoga promotes strength, endurance, flexibility and facilitates characteristics of friendliness, compassion & self-control. So this study was conducted to find out the effect of yoga on anxiety.  This study was conducted on 200 anxiety cases having age range of 18 to 55 years. Hamilton anxiety scale was used to measure the anxiety. These cases were divide into two group randomly i.e. study group and control group. Study group was given certain set of yogic exercise. Both the groups were followed and results were compared where independent variables yoga and dependent variable Anxiety was used. Chi-square, independent t test, was used for data analysis. It was observed that Anxiety was significantly decreased after the yogic intervention (P=0.042S). So it can be concluded that yoga can reduce perceived stress improve well-being even more significantly so its recommend to do yoga regularly.


In the last few years data acquisition and control systems are PC based for industrial and laboratory applications. In this paper, we present a data acquisition process to monitor the greenhouse environment. The simulation process consists of Real Time setup using Proteus software. The changes in the sensor variables such as temperature, soil moisture and humidity are monitored and are interfaced to the Visual Studio to collect the data from the Real Time environmental setup. The interfacing is done with the help of virtual serial port driver to send the data from real time environment to the data acquisition side. The data are continuously monitored and increase in threshold values performs the necessary action to reduce them to their control values. Thus it provides an automatic control over the environment precisely.


Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the colon and rectum are rare and have been known as either carcinoid tumors or undifferentiated cancers in the past. This type of tumor frequently occurred at cecum and is known for its aggressiveness and poor prognosis, differing from adenocarcinoma of colon. There has been no literature which describes endoscopic findings of colonic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Therefore, we report a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of cecum in 36-year-old man with endoscopic findings. After right hemicolectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, we have followed up the patient for 6months without the evidence of recurrence.


This paper proposes a novel memristor-based multiplexer implemented by using NOT-material implication. The proposed design can be extended to arbitrary <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-bit inputs and the enable-port can be added to improve its structure. Furthermore, this structure can be applied in the cascade circuit and crossbar array. A novel peripheral read circuit is introduced to overcome the problem that it is difficult to read out the operation results stored in crossbar array with large scales. The feasibility and correctness of our design is verified by the HSPICE simulation results with voltage threshold adaptive memristor model.


This paper comprises development of a generalized methods of the first-order approximation and of the refined first-order approximation for the analysis of nonlinear systems with two (or more) degrees of freedom and exemplification of application of the theory developed by illustrative numerical examples.


For the past thirty years (since 1992) the Journal of Decision Systems (JDS) has published research articles, conceptual and empirical, from the perspective of both academia and practice. Throughout this period, JDS has established itself as a forum for researchers and practitioners who seek to understand how to best support decision makers, through designing, implementing and evaluating decision support systems. At this present time JDS continues to encourage research that draws on different backgrounds, theories, and methodologies; particularly welcoming research articles that seek to open up the black box of decision support and decision-making in a way that produces new insights with clear practical implications. As the editorial team, we believe that the journal is also making a difference within the community and provides a valuable community-visible outlet for scholarly research and practical insights articles. The Scopus CiteScore for JDS increased to 2.1 in 2019 (calculated on 6 May 2020). Also, the top 10 'Most Read Articles' in JDS have accumulated 115,544 views (as at 17 February 2021), with a max/min range of 19,290 to 6,454 views, respectively. So published research in JDS has visibility. As regards recognition of quality, JDS is one of two decision-focused journals ranked by the Chartered Association of Business Schools (CABS) under INFO-MAN on their Academic Journal Guide. JDS is currently ranked at '1ʹ. JDS is also one of two decision-focused journals rated 'B' on the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) Journal Quality List (0806 Information Systems journals). Finally, as of 2016, JDS is also listed on the ESCI (emerging sources citation index). In 2020, the JDS editorial team commenced an enhancement project to improve the response time to authors from 'submission-to-decision' for their research article. For all research articles submitted, that pass the initial screening stage, we are now consistently operating to an eight-week turnaround (guaranteeing a double blind review at a minimum) and we are continuously looking to improve this turnaround time. We are striving to provide high quality developmental feedback in a timely fashion to all contributing authors. As an editorial team, we hope that JDS is viewed as an outlet that meets the needs of both the academic and practitioner communities who seek to understand how to best support decision makers, through designing, implementing and evaluating decision support systems. In this issue, we include four research papers that examine a number of decisionmaking environments. In article 1, Liu and Prybutok (2021) examine the factors that impact an individual's decision to continue to use a cloud-based service. In article 2, Steenweg et al. (2021) combine simulation and optimisation approaches to tackle the highly complex decision problem of assigning employees to a shift when there is a high level of uncertainty in the decision situation. Next, in article 3 and in response to recent research, Croitor et al. (2021) examine web browser extension developers' decision to continue to use web browser platforms for extension publishing. Finally, in article 4, JOURNAL OF DECISION SYSTEMS 2021, VOL. 30, NO. 1, 1–3 https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2021.1899762


The HL-60 cells were transfected with chk1 antisense and sense chain, and 24 h later subjected to irradiation. Twenty-four h after irradiation, the changes in the chk1 protein expression was assayed by Western blot, and the cell cycles and apoptosis rate detected by FCM. The irradiated apoptosis sensitivity was increased by antisense blocking of chk1 gene in HL-60 cell line with the apoptosis rate being 26.31%, significantly higher than that by the sense blocking (10.34 %,0.025<P<0.05). In HL-60 cells transfected with chk1 antisense chain, the G2/M phase arrest was attenuated and the cells in G2/M phase were accounted for 38.42 %, significantly lower than those of the cells transfected with chk1 sense chain (54.64 %, 0. 005<P<0.01). It was concluded that antisense blocking of chk1 gene could increase the apoptosis sensitivity to irradiation.


In this paper, we present a generalized Bell inequality for mixed states. The distinct characteristic is that the inequality has variable bound depending on the decomposition of the density matrix. The inequality has been shown to be more refined than the previous Bell inequality. It is possible that a separable mixed state can violate the Bell inequality.


Objective
To observe the effect of resveratrol on arterial remodeling in spontaneous hypertensive rats.

Methods
Spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs, n=20) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs, n=10 ) were randomly assigned to three groups: control group, model group and resveratrol group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the three groups was observed. Morphological observations were obtained by hematoxylin and eosin or victoria blue and picrosirius red. The content of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were determined to assess the endothelial function. Oxidative stress was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).

Results
Compared with control group, SBP, PWV, wall thickness, wall-lumen ratio, vascular cross-sectional area (VCSA), luminal cross-sectional area (LCSA) and collagen-elastic ratio were increased, and the levels of NO, SOD, CAT in rat aortic tissues were decreased, while ET-1, MDA, H2O2 levels in rat aortic tissues were enhanced in model group at the end of 22 weeks. After the treatment of resveratrol, SBP had no significantly difference between model and resveratrol groups, while PWV, aortic wall thickness, wall-lumen ratio, VCSA, LCSA and collagen-elastic ratio were decreased in resveratrol group as compared with model group 〔(6681.1±2154.9) cm/s vs. (4283.1±946.1) cm/s, (234.7±51.8) μm vs. (123.4±21.5) μm, (10.3±2.3) % vs. (5.8±1.4) %, (6.4±0.4) mm2vs. (4.8±0.6) mm2, (4.1±0.1) mm2vs. (3.2±0.4) mm2, (1.1±0.3) vs. (0.4±0.2), P<0.05 or 0.01〕. Compared with model group, the expressions of NO, SOD, CAT in rat aortic tissues were increased and levels of ET-1, MDA, H2O2 in rat aortic tissues were decreased in resveratrol group after treatment of resveratrol (P<0.01 or P<0.05).

Conclusions
Resveratrol has an antioxidant effect, and it could attenuate arterial remodeling by improving oxidative stress.

Key words:
Resveratrol; Oxidative stress; Hypertension


The purpose of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of the success and failure cases to increase the completeness of vault "Shirai-Kim Hee Hoon" technique. The subject of the study was "K" a male gymnast from Korean Artistic Gymnastic National team. The results obtained through the three-dimensional analysis during international as well as practice session are as follows: Firstly, excluding BC, the lead time in each PrF, HC and PoF phases were shorter during successful trials than in failure trials. Secondly, during successful trials, the horizontal and vertical velocity appeared to be higher during taking off, which contributed positively to the leaping motion in the horizontal direction. Thirdly, when compared with successful and failure trials, the body's angular rotation was highly maintained during the takeoff from the spring board followed by larger thigh angular displacement at the vault before actually attempting the backward rotation.


The parameters of electrolytic synthesis of Ni-P coatings on steel surface from sulfate-chloride electrolyte have been determinated. The Ni-P alloys consist of separate phases of Ni and Ni3P and solid solution of implementation on the basis of the FCC Ni lattice, when it was deposited from the electrolyte at current density to be more than 7 A/dm2. The coating was formed with continuous globular surface at current density of 5 A/dm2. The globular formations are the Ni3P phase. The obtained at current density of 9 A/dm2 coatings have maximum value of micro¬hardness 430 HV.


We have simulated two-color photoionization of N(2) by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with a simple model accounting for the correlated vibronic dynamics of the molecule and of the ion N(2)(+). Our results, in very good agreement with recent experiments [Haessler et al., Phys. Rev. A 80, 011404 (2009)], show how a resonance embedded in the molecular continuum dramatically affects the phases of the two-photon transition amplitudes. In addition, we introduce a formal relation between these measurable phases and the photoelectron release time, opening the way to attosecond time-resolved measurements, equivalent to double-slit experiments in the time domain.


The frame-skipping strategy has been widely employed in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) technology to train an agent. Specifically, this strategy repeats the action determined by the agent for a fixed number of frames. It increases computational efficiency by reducing the number of inferences by making the action decision sparse. However, previously, these consecutive changes in frames during the frame-skipping were hidden and ignored from the environment and did not affect the agent's action decision. As a result, it can adversely affect the performance of trained agents, where the performance is more critical than computational efficiency. To alleviate these issues, we propose a new framework that utilizes these hidden frames during the frame-skipping, called <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$hidden$</tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$observation$</tex-math></inline-formula>, to enhance the performance of the trained agent. The proposed framework retrieves all hidden observations during frame skipping. It then combines batch inference and an exponentially weighted sum to calculate and merge the outputs from hidden observations. Through experiments, we validated the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of both performance and stability with only a marginal increase in computation.


Reaction of [Ru(edta)(H2O)]− (edta4− = ethylenediaminetetraacetate), [Ru(pdta)(H2O)]− (pdta4− = propylenediaminetetraacetate) and [Ru(hedtra)(H2O)] (hedtra3− = N-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetate) with S-serine (Ser) was studied spectrophotometrically and kinetically. Serine protease inhibition studies were performed with the three complexes using the serine protease enzymes chymotrypsin and subtilisin with azoalbumin as substrate. Results are discussed in terms of the reactivity of the Ru-pac (pac = polyaminopolycarboxylates) complexes with serine. The order of protease inhibition efficacy of the Ru-pac complexes is [Ru(pdta)(H2O)]− > [Ru(edta)(H2O)]− ≫ [Ru(hedtra)(H2O)], in good agreement with the observed reactivity of Ru-pac complexes with serine.


The FGF-23/Klotho ratio increases from early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in parallel with kidney function declined. In some cases, serum FGF-23 levels increase is unbalanced, causing organ damage and increasing cardiovascular risk. The aim of our study was to evaluate the intact FGF-23 (iFGF-23) levels in a cohort of CKD patients and to establish its correlation with cardiovascular and bone mineral metabolism parameters.

 A prospective observational study in 59 adult normophosphatemic patients with CKD stage 2-4, was performed. Clinical and analytical variables (serum calcium, phosporus, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), iFGF-23, calcidiol and calcitriol) were evaluated. Basal transthoracic echocardiogram, bone densitometry (Lunar prodigy, GE iDXA), software trabecular bone score (TBS), iNsight clinical data analyzer and carotid Doppler ultrasound were performed. We excluded patients with background of primary hyperparathyroidism, hepatorenal polycystic disease, kidney transplant, tumoral nephrectomy, active neoplasm, tubulopathies or treatment with active vitamin D or calcimimetics. For statistical analysis, we use SPSS software (T Student, Xi2, Fisher test, ANOVA test, U-Mann Whitney test and correlations of Pearson and Spearman)

 Mean age was 62,7±10,5 years, 82,5% were men; 17,7% have CKD stage 2, 28,8% stage 3a, 42,3% stage 3b and 9,6% stage 4. The main CKD etiology was vascular (25%) and diabetes (22%). Previous cardiovascular disease was observed in 11% (ischemic heart disease 6,3%, cerebrovascular disease 3,2% and descompensated heart failure with hospitalization 1,6%). Mean iFGF-23 levels in CKD stage 2 were 80,4±38 ng/l (38-170, median 71 ng/l), in CKD stage 3a 95,5±39,7 ng/l (46-178,9 ng/l, median 85,5 ng/l), in CKD stage 3b 118,8±55,06 (35,5-285 ng/l, median 124,6 ng/l) and in stage 4 134,8±50,9 ng/l (65,25-216,5 ng/l, median 136,1 ng/l). We found correlation between iFGF-23 levels and glomerular filtration rate (Rho:-0,390, p: 0,003), as well as with CKD stages (ANOVA test, p: 0,057). We performed 48 carotid doppler ultrasound and observed mild carotid atheromatosis in 58,7%, mainly bilateral, and intima-media thickness >0,9 mm in 7,9%. In patients with atheromatosis, 38,9% showed iFGF-23 levels in second tertil and 36% in the third. We observed left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 46% of patients, mostly mild degree. In bone densitometry, we found mean femoral neck T-Score of -1±1,1 and lumbar spine T-Score of -0,07±1,5, mean mineral bone density (DMO) in femoral neck of 0,89±0,25 g/cm2 and 1,17±0,20 g/cm2 in lumbar spine. Only 40% of patients had normal TBS score. We found correlation between serum iFGF-23 levels and phosphorus tubular reabsorption (r:-0,396, p: 0,002), calcidiol (Rho: 0,264, p:0,047), calcitriol (r: -0,412, p:0,002), iPTH (Rho: 0,296, p:0,025), lumbar T-Score (r: -0,320 p:0,022), lumbar DMO (r:-0,267, p:0,049) and TBS (r: -0,396, p:0,005).

 We confirm an association between a glomerular filtration rate decline and an increase in serum iFGF-23 levels. The inverse correlation observed between iFGF-23 serum levels and lumbar T-Score, lumbar DMO and trabecular microarchitecture suggests a negative effect of iFGF-23 in bone mineralization.


Potential hazard is a state or condition in a process, machine, tool, material or way of working which in an intrinsic (natural) sense can cause injury, injury, even further, namely loss of worker's life and can damage tools and the environment. The house where we live is a place that is often considered the safest and most comfortable place for us. But without us knowing it, the house is also potentially dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and be aware of the safety house for every household in minimizing the risk of work accidents that occur in the house. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of providing counseling on knowledge about safety houses in housewives at neighborhood association of 23, Bagan Pete Village, Jambi City. This research is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental one group pretest-posttest design. The research population was all housewives in neighborhood association 0f 23. The research samples were 30 housewives using the purposive sampling technique. Methods of data collection through interviews using a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using univariate and bivariate. Bivariate analysis uses the paired T-test if the data distribution is normal, otherwise if the data distribution is free then the Wilcoxon test is used. Analysis of the data in this study used the IBM SPSS 20 application. The results of the statistical analysis showed that counseling had an effect on knowledge about safety houses (p=0.000 <0.05). The conclusion is that there is an influence of counseling on knowledge about safety house among housewives in neighborhood association of 23, Bagan Pete Jambi.Keyword: Counseling, Knowledge, Safety House


All the available wind information over central, west and north Europe, the Atlantic Ocean, the United States and Canada has been studied for a period of seven days, January 1–7, 1956 0300 Z. The axis of the subtropical and the polar jets have been chosen as reference coordinates. Mean horizontal and vertical wind profiles have been computed at 100 km intervals from the axis of both jets and are discussed. Based on these profiles, the average wind and the equivalent barotropic level is computed. It is shown that the height of the equivalent barotropic level changes as the distance from the axis of the jet varies. The equivalent barotropic level is shown to have a maximum height of 432 mb at the axis of the subtropical jet and a minimum height of 560 at a distance of 1,000 km north of the polar jet. Finally, an average E.B.L. is computed and is shown to have a height of 505 mb. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1959.tb00054.x


In two experiments, we examine university students' ability to comprehend authentic argumentative texts and factors that influence their application of this skill. Participants read several relatively lengthy arguments and identified the main claim and reasons. Experiment 1 shows that participants are not skilled at identifying key elements from an argumentative text (only 30% accuracy). The performance of participants of all skill levels was aided by explicit markers to signal the critical elements. Claim and reason identification errors showed interesting patterns such as identifying either an uncontroversial statement of the theme or a counter-argument as the claim. Based on the results from Experiment 1, a short argument tutorial was created and tested in Experiment 2. The tutorial was helpful when readers were reading simply to comprehend but not when they were reading to rebut. The results point to the need for further instruction in argument comprehension skills and the need for additional research into the processes involved.


Since the 1980s [1,2], colloidal systems such as microemulsions (ME) have been widely investigated, especially for the synthesis of nanomaterials for various applications.[...]


Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are known to be a risk of drug‐induced pneumonitis. However, there are few reports on the relationship between ILAs and immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related interstitial lung disease (ICI‐ILD). We retrospectively investigated the clinical significance of ILAs in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving ICIs.


Background: Lesion burden and brain volume changes are suggested as an important predictors of cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
 Objectives: To investigate association between brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures and cognitive functioning in a large cohort of MS patients on disease-modifying treatment.
 Methods: In the study, 1033 of 1240 enrolled patients had available cognitive and MRI data. All patients were examined with Brief International Cognitive Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test-3. MRI measures included assessment of T2 (T2-LV) and T1 lesion volume (T1-LV), total brain volume, brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), and grey matter (GMF), white matter, thalamic (ThaF) and corpus callosum fraction (CCF). Only 488 patients had available ThaF assessment. Spearman correlations and linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, education, depression and disease duration were used to investigate association between MRI and cognitive outcomes.
 Results: The average age and disease duration was 38.1 (SD=8.9) and 9.6 (SD=7.1) years respectively. Cognitive impairment was identified in 270 (26.1[percnt]) of patients. Although, relationships between cognitive and MRI measures were all significant (p<0.0001), strongest correlations were found between Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and T1-LV (Spearman R=-0.39), T2-LV (R=-0.41), BPF (R=0.38) and ThalF (R=0.35, p-values <0.0001). In univariate linear regression analysis, T1-LV, T2-LV, BPF and EDSS explained 18-21[percnt] of variation of SDMT. Multivariable model consisting of BPF and EDSS explained 27[percnt] of variation of SDMT. GMF, ThaF and CCF explained 8-11[percnt] of variation.
 Conclusions: White matter lesion burden and measures of global and regional brain atrophy are strong brain imaging correlates of cognitive impairment in MS patients. Strongest relationships were found between decreased information processing speed measured by SDMT and MRI measures. These findings emphasize an important role of MRI volumetric assessment for identification of MS patients at highest risk of cognitive impairment.
Supported:NT13237-4/2012,PRVOUK-P26/LF1/4,RVO-VFN64165/2012) Disclosure: Dr. Uher has received personal compensation for activities with Genzyme, Novartis, and Merck-Serono. Dr. Sobisek has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis. Dr. Sormani has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis, Roche, Genzyme, Merck Serono, TEVA, Synthon, and Biogen Idec as a consultant and speaker. Dr. Vaneckova has received research support from Biogen Idec. Dr. Seidl has received research support from Biogen Idec Inc. Dr. Kransensky has received research support from Biogen Idec. Dr. Jana has nothing to disclose. Dr. Havrdova has received research support from Biogen Idec and Merck Serono. Dr. Horakova has received research support from Biogen Idec.


We have previously calculated the cross section for radiative formation of the interesting bound state consisting of a positron bound to helium, where the atomic electrons are in the triplet spin state. That process uses the metastable triplet helium system as target, and, as expected, it has a very small cross section. In this paper we examine a more probable process in which the state of interest is produced in an exchange rearrangement collision between a positronium atom and the singlet helium ground state: Ps+He({sup 1}S{sup e}){yields}PsHe{sup +}({sup 3}S{sup e})+e{sup -}. The present calculation is done in the plane-wave Born approximation, using simple initial and final wave functions and compares post and prior forms.


Ulrik Lohm, A jovial flora from the year 1839.This small note presents for the first time the text of a jovial flora from the year 1839. The flora is preserved in one handwritten copy. Behind the d ...


At temperature of(21±1) ℃,the trial was carried on goldfish by different starvation and re-feed time,in order to investigate the compensatory growth and its mechanism.The results showed that the type of the compensatory growth is completely compensatory growth.For goldfish,higher specific growth rates were obtained from higher feeding rate and higher food conversion.When the starvation time is short(5 d),the compensatory growth resulted from higher feeding rate.However,when the starvation time is relatively long(10 or 15 d),the compensatory growth resulted mostly from higher food conversion.


OBJECTIVES: 1. Learn to recognize the structural elements of poetry, plays, and short fiction and how they contribute to the "meaning" and enjoyment of the works. 2. Recognize literary themes and perspectives and evaluate the validity of these as expressed in specific works. 3. Develop the ability to think critically about literature and the human condition as it is portrayed across literary genres. 4. Analyze literature the way one ideally analyzes all "problems," by using abstraction, generalization, particularization, concrete examples, deduction, and induction. 5. Form aesthetic evaluations.


Industrial design creates and develops concepts and specifications that seek to simultaneously and synergistically optimize function, production, value and appearance. The inclusion of appearance, or esthetics, as a major design metric represents both an augmentation of conventional engineering design and an intersection with artistic endeavor(s). Report surveys past and current industrial design practices and examples across aerospace including aircraft and spacecraft, both exterior and interior.


SummaryThe results are reported of a study of the influence of chronic (20 days) aspirin ingestion (60 mg./kg. daily) on salicylic acid plasma levels carried out in 6 healthy volunteers. Peak plasma levels were recorded on Day 7 for 5 trial subjects following which there was a steady decrease in the plasma levels estimated in blood samples obtained at 08.00 hours. On Day 21 the average salicylic acid plasma level in the 5 subjects was only 48 % of the value obtained on Day 7. The sixth subject revealed a maximum decrease of 24% after attaining a peak level on Day 10. The implications of these findings, relevant to drug-interaction studies on long-term patient therapy, are discussed.