The Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE) has partnered with the Fachhochschule Lübeck (FHL), University of Applied Sciences, Lübeck, Germany to establish a unique bi-directional international student exchange program that is totally integrated into the curricula of each institution. Students from both MSOE and the FHL have a common junior year taught at the FHL and both groups of students complete their senior year at MSOE. All participating students are awarded degrees in Electrical Engineering from both MSOE and the FHL. The MSOE Electrical Engineering program is in the process of completing the cycle of an EAC accreditation visit. Based on the results, which included a thorough evaluation with a major focus on the exchange program, it is possible to suggest that EC2000 does allow for significant innovation without a negative impact on accreditation, if the accreditation requirements are clearly understood and the process is executed in a diligent manner. Introduction The Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE) and the Fachhochschule Lübeck (FHL), University of Applied Sciences, Lübeck, Germany jointly developed and implemented a international student exchange program in the discipline of Electrical Engineering (EE). The uniqueness of the program lies in that it is fully integrated into the EE curriculum of both institutions and constitutes a specific degree path at both institutions. If participating students take the associated degree requirements as prescribed, then participation does not delay graduation. The program was developed in response to the desire to increase student awareness and familiarity of the globalization that is becoming common in the industrialized world. It is highly probable that current engineering graduates will not just directly interact with their counterparts in foreign lands, but that a division of a foreign company will employ our graduates. Hence, knowledge of other cultures and the ability to live and interact in other cultures will increasingly be viewed as an essential skill required for success.


This amicus brief defends the use of class actions and other aggregate procedures in "non-Article III courts" -- that is, legislative courts and administrative hearings, whose judges do not receive the salary and tenure protections described in Article III of the Constitution. The brief supports appellants' position in Monk v. McDonald, 15-7092 -- a case now pending in the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit -- that such courts, like the Court of Appeals for Veteran's Claims, may themselves hear class actions or use other aggregate procedures to promote efficiency, consistency and legal access in appropriate cases.


Objective:To study the correlationship between HLA-DR genetypes and unex-
plained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA).Methods:HLA-DR genetypes were detected by the
technique of polymerase chain reaction-specific sequence primer(PCR-SSP).Results:The frequency of
HLA-DR1 and DR3 gene in URSA had no significant difference between URSA patients and the con-
trol group.HLA-DR4 frequency was significantly higher in patients than in control group.HLA-DR10
frequency in patients was higher than that in control group,but had no significant difference.HLA-
DR4 was related to anticardiolipin antibody(AC)in URSA.HLA-DR4 hadn't any significant difference
in age,area,period,and type.Conclusion:HLA-DR4 is correlated with URSA especially in ACA
(+)patients.


The problem and the solution. Organizational changes, especially mergers,are very emotive events.Still,in change models, the role of emotion is rarely discussed. Most of the change literature focuses on rational and cognitive aspects and views emotions merely as human frailty or cause for interference with implementing change.This literature portrays a very limited and superficial understanding of emotions. By drawing on psychological literature on emotion theories,more helpful notions can be developed, such as viewing emotions as an essential part of the working experience. These theoretical developments are exemplified and taken a step further by the results of an explorative study, investigating the emotional experiences of a merger.A framework is developed,which allows researchers to map out the emotional experience more comprehensively.


Genetic programming (GP) is an evolutionary algorithm used to produce high-quality solutions to various problems. It has seen few claims in circuitry and the development of antenna designs. The application of GP in the model of embedded digital systems on multi-channel antenna arrays of subsurface imaging equipment has not yet been investigated. This study focuses on designing and developing a digital multimeter embedded with a multigene genetic programming (MGGP) model for multi-array transmitter antenna used for subsurface imaging operating at a low frequency of 3.5 kHz to 18.5 kHz using Arduino microcontroller for prototyping. The electrical outputs of a transmitter antenna system employed in a subsurface imaging device require live measurement and monitoring during operation for data logging purposes. The amount of transmitted voltage, produced current, and operating frequency are significant parameters for mapping the underground resistivity, thus the produced GP models are functions of the three parameters. GP fitness function was determined through MATLAB software. The output current signal from the transmitter were imitated in Proteus simulation software using a current source in the designed current measuring circuit. This produced linear and nonlinear relationships of the electrical outputs where GP modeling was beneficially applied. The application of GP in with the microcontroller provided an accurate reading of frequency, current and voltage produced by the multi-array transmitter antenna. These measurements were displayed using LM016L LCD display. Moreover, this embedded digital multimeter on transmitter antenna avoids utilizing costly high voltage measuring devices.


The content of sucrose,glucose,fructose and the activities of sucrose metabolism-related enzymes in Lycium barbarum L.leaves,carpopodium and fruit of different developing phase were determined to study the relationship between the sugar accumulation and sucrose metabolizing enzymes in different developing phase of Lycium barbarum L.leaves,carpopodium and fruit.The results indicated that :the leaves of Lycium barbarum L.mainly accumulated sucrose,the content of sucrose in the leaves had significant positive correlations with the activity of sucrose synthase(SS) synthetic and acid invertase(AI).The carpopodium of Lycium barbarum L.mainly accumulated glucose,the content of glucose had significant positive correlations with the activities of acid invertase(AI) and the neutral invertase(NI).The fruit of Lycium Barbarum L.mainly accumulated glucose and fructose,the content of glucose and fructose had significant positive correlations with the activities of acid invertase(AI) and neutral invertase(NI),but had no significant correlation with other enzymes.This explained that acid invertase(AI) and neutral invertase(NI) were playing the main regulative role in the sugar metabolism of Lycium barbarum L.fruit.


The teaching of bioethics in higher education institutions allows for best practices to be encouraged. The ever-changing scientific fields, multidisciplinary nature, and increasing technological advancements raise numerous ethical challenges. A needs assessment was undertaken to inform the implementation of certificate courses in bioethics in Kenya. The aim was to understand the perceptions of the need for capacity building in bioethics in Kenya and to suggest relevant topics for inclusion in bioethics certificate courses. We also sought to determine the mode of delivery of such training. Data collection was done through a questionnaire administered via an online survey (SurveyMonkey). The target audience was stakeholders from Institutional Ethics Review Committees (IERCs), Research Institutions, Universities, and Hospitals totalling 106. The survey was voluntary. Data analysis was done via SurveyMonkey. Respondents indicated support for training in bioethics, were enthusiastic about wanting to be trained and provided input as to what should be included. Research ethics and public health ethics were deemed to be areas needing training. Other topics suggested included clinical ethics, work / organisational ethics, gender roles and obligations, and professionalism. The preferred delivery of the training was a hybrid, that is, inclusive of both in-person and distant learning. The overall response rate to the survey was, however, poor. There is interest in the pursuit of bioethics training at institutions of higher learning in Kenya. This information was used to develop courses that are currently being implemented by the CBEC-KEMRI Bioethics Training Initiative (CK-BTI), a collaboration between institutions in Pakistan and Kenya.


Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of diciofenac sodium suppository and terazosin in treatment of prostatodynia. Methods 120 patients(age ranging from 19 to 48 years,mean age was 29. 8 years) suffering from prostatodynia, were randomly divided into 2 groups: diciofenac sudium suppositoy group of 60 patients (50mg,rectal medication, q12h for 2 weeks) and terazosin group of 60 patients (2mg, per os, q12h or qn for 2 weeks).The therapeutic effects and side-effects were compared after 2 weeks treatment. Results The total clinical effective rate in diciofenac sudium suppository group was 97% , higher than that (80%) of terazosin groups(P 0.01). The remarkable effective rates for each group were 60 % and 38 % , respectively (P0.05). The accumula -tive scores or points or prostatis symptom index taken after 2 weeks treatment decreased to (2.8±2.2) and (4.5±4.3), respectively(P0.01) . However, the occurrence rates of side- effects in each groups were 30 % and 36 % (P 0.01). Conclusion The efficacy of diciofenac sudium suppository in treating prostatodynia is satisfactory and superior to terazosin.


When dealing with high-dimensional data and, in particular, when the number of attributes p is large comparatively to the sample size n, several classification methods cannot be applied. Fisher's linear discriminant rule or the quadratic discriminant one are unfeasible, as the inverse of the involved covariance matrices cannot be computed. A recent approach to overcome this problem is based on Random Projections (RPs), which have emerged as a powerful method for dimensionality reduction. In 2017, Cannings and Samworth introduced the RP method in the ensemble context to extend to the high-dimensional domain classification methods originally designed for low-dimensional data. Although the RP ensemble classifier allows improving classification accuracy, it may still include redundant information. Moreover, differently from other ensemble classifiers (e.g. Random Forest), it does not provide any insight on the actual classification importance of the input features. To account for these aspects, in the first part of this thesis, we investigate two new directions of the RP ensemble classifier. Firstly, combining the original idea of using the Multiplicative Binomial distribution as the reference model to describe and predict the ensemble accuracy and an important result on such distribution, we introduce a stepwise strategy for post-pruning (called Ensemble Selection Algorithm). Secondly, we propose a criterion (called Variable Importance in Projection) that uses the feature coefficients in the best discriminant projections to measure the variable importance in classification. In the second part, we faced the new challenges posed by the high-dimensional data in a recently emerging classification context: one-class classification. This is a special classification task, where only one class is fully known (the target class), while the information on the others is completely missing. In particular, we address this task by using Gini's transvariation probability as a measure of typicality, aimed at identifying the best boundary around the target class.


The LHeC (Large Hadron electron Collider) is a proposed future colliding beam facility for lepton-nucleon scattering particle physics at CERN. A new 60 GeV electron accelerator will be added to the existing 27 km circumference 7 TeV LHC for collisions of electrons with protons and heavy ions. Two basic design options are being pursued. The first is a circular accelerator housed in the existing LHC tunnel which is referred to as the "Ring-Ring" version. Low field normal conducting magnets guide the particle beam while superconducting (SC) RF cavities cooled to 2 K are installed at two opposite locations at the LHC tunnel to accelerate the beams. For this version in addition a 10 GeV re-circulating SC injector will be installed. In total four refrigerators with cooling capacities between 1.2 kW and 3 kW @ 4.5 K are needed. The second option, referred to as the "Linac-Ring" version consists of a race-track re-circulating energy-recovery type machine with two 1 km long straight acceleration sections. The 944 high field 2 K SC cavities dissipate 30 kW at CW operation. Eight 10 kW @ 4.5 K refrigerators are proposed. The particle detector contains a combined SC solenoid and dipole forming the cold mass and an independent liquid argon calorimeter. Cooling is done with two individual small sized cryoplants; a 4.5 K helium, and a 87 K liquid nitrogen plant. Abstract ABSTRACT The LHeC (Large Hadron electron Collider) is a proposed future colliding beam facility for lepton-nucleon scattering particle physics at CERN. A new 60 GeV electron accelerator will be added to the existing 27 km circumference 7 TeV LHC for collisions of electrons with protons and heavy ions. Two basic design options are being pursued. The first is a circular accelerator housed in the existing LHC tunnel which is referred to as the "Ring-Ring" version. Low field normal conducting magnets guide the particle beam while superconducting (SC) RF cavities cooled to 2 K are installed at two opposite locations at the LHC tunnel to accelerate the beams. For this version in addition a 10 GeV re-circulating SC injector will be installed. In total four refrigerators with cooling capacities between 1.2 kW and 3 kW @ 4.5 K are needed. The second option, referred to as the "Linac-Ring" version consists of a race-track re-circulating energy-recovery type machine with two 1 km long straight acceleration sections. The 944 high field 2 K SC cavities dissipate 30 kW at CW operation. Eight 10 kW @ 4.5 K refrigerators are proposed. The particle detector contains a combined SC solenoid and dipole forming the cold mass and an independent liquid argon calorimeter. Cooling is done with two individual small sized cryoplants; a 4.5 K helium, and a 87 K liquid nitrogen plant.


...................................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ x Chapter One: An Introduction Education, Dehumanization, Multigenerational Trauma and the Black Flame Trilogy .................................................................................


In the last few years we have been seeing a drastic change in the way software is developed. Large-scale software projects are being assembled by a flexible composition of many (small) components possibly written in different programming languages and deployed anywhere in the cloud – the so-called microservice-based applications. The dramatic growth in popularity of microservice-based applications has pushed several companies to apply major refactorings to their software systems. However, this is a challenging task that may take several months or even years. We propose a methodology to automatically evolve a Java monolithic application into a microservice-based one. Our methodology receives the Java code and a proposition of microservices and refactors the original classes to make each microservice independent. Our methodology creates an API for each method call to classes that are in other services. The database entities are also refactored to be included in the corresponding service. The initial evaluation shows that our tool can successfully refactor 80% of the applications tested.


HIV-1-infected individuals have a two- to four-fold greater incidence of cardiovascular disease and atherothrombotic events compared with the general population. The mechanisms responsible for this heightened cardiovascular risk are not fully understood. We have previously reported that the capacity of the endothelium to release tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), the primary activator of fibrinolysis and a key endogenous defense mechanism against intravascular fibrin deposition and thrombosis, is impaired in HIV-1-seropositive adults. Whether diminished fibrinolytic activity is coupled with a hypercoagulative state in this population is unknown. Elevations in specific coagulation markers such as tissue factor and Factor VII are associated with increased thrombotic risk. The experimental aim of this study was to determine the influence of HIV-1 infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on markers of coagulation. To address this aim we studied 33 men: 16 HIV-1-seronegative (age: 41±3 yr); 7 HIV-1-seropositive treatment-naive (34±2 yr); and 10 HIV-1-seropositive receiving ART (42±3 yr; efavirenz-based regimen). All subjects were non-obese, normotensive and free of overt cardiometabolic disease. Circulating concentrations of tissue factor, Factor VII, Factor VIII and Factor X were determined by immunoassay. There were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of tissue factor (32+3 vs 40+3 pg/mL), Factor VII (103+9 vs 100+5 %), Factor VIII (111+13 vs 117+8 %) and Factor X (89+5 vs 91+2 %) between HIV-1-seropositive treatment-naive and healthy men. Moreover, there was no influence of ART on these circulating markers. Plasma tissue factor (41+5 pg/mL), Factor VII (107+6 %), Factor VIII (103+7 %) and Factor X (90+3%) were similar in the HIV-1-seropositive receiving ART compared with HIV-1-seropositive treatment-naive and seronegative groups. These data suggest that neither HIV-1 infection per se nor ART are associated with unfavorable changes in specific coagulation markers. Thus, changes in the coagulation system that have been linked to increased thrombotic burden are not apparent in HIV-1-seropositive adults.


For a long time, Greek and Latin texts from late antiquity (1st to 4th century AD) were in the shadow of the so-called »classic« epochs. There was however an abundance of works on philosophy, ethics and religion in Greek and in Latin during the (cid:41)rst four centuries AD, and these works have not lost their relevance. It is the goal of the SAPERE series ( S cripta A ntiquitatis P osterioris ad E thicam RE ligionemque pertinentia, Writings in Late Antiquity on Ethical and Religious Issues) to make precisely these texts available in an innovative combination of edition, translation and interdisciplinary commentary in an essay form. The name SAPERE is a deliberate link to the various connotations of the Latin verb. In addition to the intellectual aspect (which Kant in the translation of sapere aude, »Have courage to use your own understanding,« used as the motto of the Enlightenment), the sensuous aspect of »taste« will also be given the attention it deserves: On the one hand, major sources for the discourse in various disciplines (theology and religious studies, philology, philosophy, history, archaeology...) are to be presented, on the other hand the texts dealt with are also meant to whet the readers' appetites. Thus a careful scholarly examination of the texts which are explained from various angles in the essays will be combined with a linguistic presentation which does not lose sight of the relevance of the texts for the history of ideas and at the same time shows the importance of authors of antiquity for discussions on current issues. in an essay form. A careful scholarly examination of the texts which are explained from various angles in the essays is combined with a linguistic presentation which does not lose sight of the relevance of the texts for the history of ideas and at the same time shows the importance of authors of antiquity for discussions on current issues. In Lucian's Dialogues of the Gods the cosmos of the traditional Greek gods is presented in a decidedly ironical-satirical light, which in the second century CE was able to – inter alia – provide (cid:88)edgling Christianity with interesting arguments in its (cid:41)ght against the old religion. In recent decades, these twenty-(cid:41)ve vivid dialogical scenes have enjoyed only limited attention, which is a good reason to present them anew in a fresh volume. It o(cid:80)ers an introduction, a substantially revised Greek text, a new translation with notes and six essays from various disciplines (classical philology, ancient history and patristics) with the intention of comprehensively elucidating the meaning and the relevance of these dialogues between gods not only within the context of their own times, but also beyond. disciplinary perspectives. an commentary on from to the Land of Israel is interpreted by Philo as the soul's migration from the world of the senses to God. The present edition of Philo's text includes a detailed introduction to his life and thought as well as a new German translation of his treatise with annotations and essays illustrating the text from the perspective of various disciplines. The accompanying essays initially place the work in the context of contemporary Judaism, both in Alexandria and the Land of Israel. This is followed by an appreciation of Philo as a representative of Middle Platonism in the imperial period. Two further essays focus on central themes of the Philonic treatise, namely knowledge of God and the experience of exile interpreted philosophically. Two concluding studies compare Philo's (cid:41)gure of Abraham to his image in the New Testament and in Thomas Mann's novel Joseph and his Brothers. rhetorical skills, his outlook on the world and his personal religiosity come together to form a remarkable whole. Graeco-Roman paganism and into into the the a annotation elucidating the numerous details of content to be found in the a in and and shedding on investigation, knowledge, belief, language and action. Leading experts contribute to this volume, which o(cid:80)ers a philosophical introduction, translation and commentary as well as scholarly essays on one of the most important texts about Pyrrhonian skepticism, Diogenes Laertius' report about Pyrrho and Timon in his Lives of Eminent Philosophers. Synesius' insomniis ('On Dreams') – written soon after 400 AD by a man who was not only a highly educated Greek intellectual but also (in the last years of his life) a Christian bishop of the city of Ptolemais (Cyrenaica) – inquires into the ways and means by which a human being, while sleeping and dreaming, may make contact with higher spheres, and it does so in the light of a clearly recognizable Neo-Platonic concept of the soul and its salvation. Synesius' thoughts are thus an important contribution of Later Antiquity on topics – the place of man within the universe and his means of communication with higher powers – that not only were of high concern for his contemporaries, but still are today for religiously- and philosophically-minded people. Besides introduction and translation (with notes), several essays shed light on the work from the perspective of various disciplines. is one of the most compact (and at the same time one of the longest) of Epictetus' discourses (around 100 which was handed down to us by the historian Arrian. This quintessential text not only combines many pivotal subjects taught by the Stoic but also demonstrates his remarkable art of persuasiveness. In addition to a detailed introduction, the text, the translation and a running commentary, the volume contains a series of essays which are based on passages in the text, and these reveal further Epictetian contexts as well as an analysis of the philosophical background and the contemporary environment. The authors deal with slavery and manumission, Epictetus' theory of freedom in relationship to the classical Stoic doctrine as well as Epictetus' theology and its relationship to the New Testament. and (neo-Platonic) philosophy. His literary works, letters, hymns and tracts show how he was able to deal with this con(cid:88)ict productively. This volume provides the (cid:41)rst German translation of a text by Synesius, »The Egyptian Tale,« since 1835 and also makes it accessible through essays on contemporary history, the form of the allegory and on Egyptian elements. at the same time rather peculiar) compendium of Stoic allegorical interpretation of the Greek gods. It provides etymological and allegorical analyses of names, epithets and attributes of each Greek deity, extending from Uranus to Hades and referring to various aspects of their myths, rites and imagery in a remarkable attempt to interpret classic ancient polytheism by means of a sophisticated philosophy. testimonies. well discussed in connection the (cid:41)rst time and provided with commentaries: a (cid:41)ctitious letter from Mordechai to the from a version of the novelistic tradition of Alexander and a from Seneca about pride and which fact, a Christian apology from the (cid:41)fth century. In the essays, the with key issues involving Stoicism and Christianity, the conception of and ethics. the reception of Seneca in the and in


Objective To evaluate the relationship between osteoporosis self-assessment tool for asians(OSTA),osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians(OSTC) and bone mineral density in Sichuan perimenopausal and postmenopausal women of Han nationality,and discuss the value of their clinical application through comparison of the screening ability of the two tools in predicting osteoporosis and low bone mass.Methods With the data of bone mineral density at lumbar spine,femoral neck and total proximal femur measured by DXA of 356 women aged 45 years old and above,OSTA and OSTC risk indexes of each subject were calculated based on their weight and age,and were then compared.Results The bone mineral density of above-mentioned locations were positively correlated with OSTA and OSTC indexes(r=0.458-0.593 and r=0.440-0.599,P0.001),and these two indexes were also correlated positively(r=0.956,P0.001).According to the two risk levels by these cutoffs,OSTA and OSTC indexes could diagnose osteoporosis with the sensitivity of 78.2% and 93.5%,the specificity of 67.2% and 43%,the area under ROC curve of 0.792 and 0.798,and the Kappa value of 0.452 and 0.357,respectively.Conclusion Both OSTA and OSTC were not ideal tools for screening osteoporosis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in Sichuan province.


The gooses of one farm in Liaoning province caught the disease.Salmonellosis was diagnosed according to laboratory detection.And then the drug sensitive test was carried out.The result showed that the bacterium was most sensitive to pefloxacinum,Ciprofloxacin and furaxone,more sensitive to amkin,not sensitive to sulfadiazine sodium.The infected gooses were cured effectively with the sensitive drugs.


Preoperative diagnosis of jaw lesions is not always possible on the basis of clinico‐radiological findings alone and needs to be confirmed before attempting any surgical intervention. Fibro‐osseous lesions of the jaw comprise a spectrum of diseases which include cement‐osseous dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia, and ossifying fibroma. The cytomorphological distinction between these individual entities is difficult. We present a case of maxillary fibro‐osseous lesion in an adolescent girl diagnosed and categorized as juvenile ossifying fibroma preoperatively on cytology and confirmed on histopathology. Although aspirates are usually paucicellular in fibro‐osseous lesions, certain cytological features if present in cellular cytosmears can offer further categorization and a definitive diagnosis may be possible in light of clinico‐radiological correlation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:75–79. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Satellite product validation is a key to ensure the delivery of quality products for climate and weather applications. To do this, a fundamental step is the comparison with other instruments, such as radiosonde. This is especially true for essential climate variables such as temperature and humidity.


A series of molecules containing sulfonamide coupling and amide coupling structure were designed and synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated and confirmed by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Carbon 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Mass spectrum and the purity was checked through High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis. All synthesized compounds (4a-4u) were tested for their antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration) against a series of strains of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity and against the strains of Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger for antifungal activity respectively. The results of the antimicrobial screening data revealed that most of the tested compounds showed moderate to good microbial inhibitions.


The following article proposes a mathematical model for loving relationships. We will start from two very simple Hypothesis, being the hypothesis I "the person who falls in love tends to idealize the loved person" and Hypothesis II "as soon as there is a real contact with the loved person, this one does not resemble to the idealized and mithologized being you had imagine" and by imitating the Lotka-Volterra´s classic model, we reach to spectacular results, which are very known for everybody.


Four flax varieties(Shuangya No.7,Shuangya No.8,Shuangya No.9 and shuangya No.10)have been bred since 2000,each variety shows it's characteristic,yield and quality separately.The paper introduces cultivation measures,popularization and application of each variety,in order to provide scientific basis for industrial and agricultural production of flax.


Third sector organisations (TSOs) are often unaware of the importance of intellectual property (IP) protection. This is because TSOs are typically focused on their social objectives, rather than on commercial benefits. Additionally, TSOs have unique challenges in dealing with IP protection, such as a lack of time, a lack of funding and a lack of knowledge. This article takes a practicebased approach in considering, firstly, what is relevant, protectable IP in the third sector context; secondly, the unique challenges facing TSOs and why their IP may be under-managed; and thirdly, how TSOs can improve their IP protection. The article proposes that there is a need for TSOs to balance their diverse objectives in fostering and protecting partnerships and collaborations with an effective IP protection strategy.


Abstract This paper explores the effects of failure on an individual's self-concept. A model based on attribution theory, among others, is elaborated to predict how an individual's self-concept will be affected by failure situations. It is argued that where the individual chooses to attribute causality for failure, the situation will determine the effects of that failure on his self-concept unless the individual's belief system modifies the attribution process. This attribution is related to one major individual difference: a person's generalized expectancy for control. It is hypothesized that an individual's predisposition to conceive of causality as deriving from either controllable forces or uncontrollable forces will mediate the attribution process and hence the effect of the failure on his self-esteem. The hypothesized effects of failure on self-concept are tested by analysis of 122 undergraduate students' responses to a series of ten hypothetical failure situations. Responses to the situations were ...


In early August, 1945, fighting in the Pacific Theater of World War II came to a resounding close after the US dropped two nuclear bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Although the losses from these blasts were not as extensive as those from the firebombing campaigns that preceded them, they represented a wholly unique type of warfare: a nation only needed one bomb to do the work of an entire air force. The devastating effects of the bomb were profoundly felt throughout Japan, meticulously documented in Robert Jay Lifton's seminal Death in Life. Curiously, thousands of miles away in the United States, the repercussions were also significant, though different. Despite the promise of clean, unlimited energy, a new world order of peace and prosperity, and an end to the war prompted by American ingenuity and firepower, the detonations spawned a deep and enduring apocalyptic anxiety within the nation. Cultural and literary theorists usually refer to such conditions as ›cultural traumas‹, but this designation is exceedingly problematic as its theoretical reliance on psychological metaphors often results in blanket diagnoses. Even more thoughtful applications of psychological trauma theory to culture fall victim to the troubling personification of culture as an individual with a collective memory, and thus


To explore the pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid (MPA) through inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) capacity measurement and purine levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) longitudinally during the first year after renal transplantation (TX).


Wakefield, Neb., Oct. 29, 1906. To the Editor: —Referring to your editorial of April 15, 1905, on "Our attitude toward the Nobel prizes," I would like to ask if any effort has as yet been made to secure any of these prizes for American work? Believing that the expression of jealousy in the news columns ofThe Journal, Dec. 25, 1905, page 1966, shows plainly the existence of misconception or lack of knowledge regarding the method of awarding these prizes, I reproduce the following authoritative description of the "Nobel Foundation" under which name this prize-awarding institution is officially known. 1 "Alfred Nobel bequeathed nearly the whole of his fortune (more than 30 million kronor) to a fund, the interest of which shall be annually paid out to those who during the immediate past 'have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind' in certain lines. The interest is to be divided into


Less advanced student transformation work is necessary to style construction of study in institutions of higher education.Taking the essential relation between less advanced student transformation work and style construction of study in institutions of higher education as basis,analyzes the psychological characteristics of less advanced student,summarizes the work practice to transform less advanced student from five aspects,states the significance of less advanced student transformation work on modern talented people cultivation of institutions of higher education.


Abstract
This thesis explores professional Nigerian women's narratives of immigration and adaptation to life in the UK. Despite the gradual interest in researching skilled female migration, the case of Nigerian women is obscured by frequently categorising them as African or Black women. The few studies that focus on Nigerian women often tend to concentrate more on trafficking, smuggling and prostitution. This thesis draws on semi structured interviews with 32 Nigerian women, who were professionals in different fields in Nigeria, before legally migrating to the UK. I examine how these middle-class professional Nigerian women make sense of their lived experiences in Nigeria, their roles in migration decision-making and some of their experiences so far in the UK. Drawing on Mead's work on the symbolic reconstruction of the past from the standpoint of the present, and employing a feminist approach to qualitative research, I pay attention to how participants reflexively construct narratives of their lived experiences in Nigeria. Adopting a framework of possible selves and imagined future, I discuss how participants' migration decision-making is informed by drawing a link between their possible selves and their imagined future. Rejecting the term "culture shock" to adequately explain immigrants' early experiences in the UK, I propose the use of a "person-by-situation" approach to accommodate the nuances of individual narratives. The challenges faced by my participants as they adapt to life in the UK are complex and multi-factorial. They draw on themes of exclusion, racism, sexism, alienation and downward mobility in their narratives of their challenges in the UK, which led to a participant asking a rhetorical question, "Na me be dis?" (Is this me?). Many participants however ended by presenting themselves as Strong Black Women (SBW), drawing on themes of resilience, faith, determination and hope to construct a vision of a positive future.


Al/Fe2O3 thermite powders were prepared by cryomilling at liquid nitrogen temperature. The cryogenic temperature will restrain the mechanochemical reaction between alumina and iron oxide, leading to high reactivitive nanoscale powders. The size distribution of the powders was analyzed using laser particle size analyzer, and cryomilling was proved to be an effective method to prepare ultrafine powders. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the cryomilled powders get more fully-reacted, a larger proportion of solid-solid reaction and more heat release in the solid-liquid reaction, comparing with the powders milled at room temperaure. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics of Al-Fe2O3 system is analyzed by a model-free Starink method. The activation energy for solid-solid reaction of 2Al-Fe2O3 thermite mixture cryomilled for 40 min is determined as 250 kJ/mol. The alternating gradient magnetometer (AGM) analysis shows that long time milling evoked the thermit reaction between Al and Fe2O3, leading to the increase in saturation magnetization (Ms) and remanent magnetization (Mr).


Consumers expect water supply companies to deliver safe drinking water that meets both health quality standards and aesthetic requirements such as colour, turbidity, taste and odour. Current water quality assessment methods of these parameters, which form the basis for sound water resources management, are mainly laboratory based, require fresh supply of chemicals, trained staff and are time consuming. Real-time water quality monitoring is essential for National and International Health and Safety, as it can significantly reduce the level of damage and also the cost to remedy the problem. This paper critically analyses both commercially available and state-of-the-art research methods and devices suitable for real-time wastewater quality monitoring and suggests further developments in this area. In particular, the focus is made on the monitoring of nitrates and phosphates in wastewater and a novel microwave based method for instantaneous water quality assessment is suggested.


Improved fuel efficiency in hybrid electric vehicles, requires a fine balance between internal combustion engine usage and battery energy, using a carefully designed energy management control algorithm. Numerous energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles have been proposed in literature, with many of these centred on the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) due to its potential for online implementation. The key challenge with the equivalent consumption minimisation strategy lies in estimating or adapting the equivalence factor in real time such that reasonable fuel savings are achieved without over-depleting the battery state of charge at the end of the defined driving cycle. To address the challenge, this paper proposes a novel proportional state of charge feedback ECMS controller which simultaneously optimises and selects the adaption factors (proportional controller gain and initial equivalence factor) as single parameters which can be applied in real time, over any driving cycle. Unlike other existing state of charge feedback methods, this approach solves a conflicting multi-objective optimization control problem, thus ensuring that the obtained adaptation factors are optimized for robustness, charge sustenance and fuel reduction. The potential of the proposed "Proportional ECMS controller" was thoroughly explored over a number of legislative and real-world drive cycles with varying vehicle power requirements. The results showed that, whilst achieving fuel savings in the range of 8.40 to 19.68% depending on the cycle, final battery state of charge could be optimally controlled to within ±5% of the target battery state of charge.


Research of Gender Role Conflict impact everyone's psychology healthy and quality of lives.It helps people how to understand and improve qualities of lives.This article mainly introduces development of Gender Role Conflict research in recent years.It especially introduces the concept,pattern,scale and related research of Gender Role Conflict.This article mainly discusses the research development of west male gender role conflict and simply comments.


In afloat battlefield situation,because of system error,EMI,geographical environment,electronic silent,etc.,problems of sensor signal interrupt,target lost and track discontinuity appear.Aiming at these problems,this study presents an improved fuzzy track association algorithm.Using the method of uniting speed fuzzy factor,course fuzzy factor,improving acceleration fuzzy factor,twice association strategy and autoregulation association threshold value of membership function,the algorithm achieves track association of high maneuverable targets with long time interrupts,ensures the oneness and stability of situation.The Monte Carlo simulation results show that the algorithm is effective to solve the association problem under the condition of track interrupt and has a high robustness.


We estimate effects of the final state interactions in B → ππ decays coming from rescattering of ππ via exchange of ρ, σ, f 0 mesons. Then we include the ρρ rescattering via exchange of π, ω, a 1 mesons and finally we consider contributions of the a 1 π rescattering via exchange of ρ. The absorptive parts of amplitudes for these processes are determined. In the case of π + π − decay mode, due to model uncertainties, the calculated contribution is |M A | ≤ 1.7 × 10 −8 GeV. This produces a small relative strong phase for the tree and color-suppressed B → ππ amplitudes consistent with the result of a recent phenomenological analysis based on the BaBar and Belle results for the B → ππ branching ratios and CP asymmetries.


Punjabi folk dances reflect history of Punjabi culture and heritage. As according to geographical area of Punjab, Punjabis are mentally and physically flexible. It results their hobbies like dancing, sports and expressing joy through various modes of physical activities. The dances of Punjab are folk alas traditional. These are performed on various traditions, festivals and functions like birth, marriage and other celebrations. Folk dances represent the different aspects of a particular culture. As per the origin and development of folk dance is in context with culture and its people. Rewarded as national dance, the dance of Punjabi women, Gidha, is being performed from ancient times. Gidha is a folk dance which holds the new transformations into it and is being preserved in its original form. Performed in semi-circle of girls, Gidha is a Tali-naach (performed by the palms of hands).  Tappe and boliyan plays important role in Gidha as these two help to represent Naach mudras (dancing poses). These poses are presented by various actions like clappings, arm movements, foot steps, bending the waist, making sounds and mimicring etc. The dance does not require any particular stage as it could be performed in any open space as terris, lobby, street or field. Gidha is further divided in accordance with the festival or occasion it is performed in. Various types of Gidha include Gidha of Lohri, Gidha of marriage, Gidha of Teej, Gidha of Trinjana, Gidha of Swag, and stag Gidha etc. The dress of dance, Punjabi Suit and Ghagra, represents Punjabi culture. Gidha is an important dance as women of different generations could express their feelings together at same time and space. Punjabi women represent their feelings of political, religious, economical, social and cultural experiences through Gidha. The main objective of the paper is to represent the cultural importance of Gidha in Punjabi heritage. The paper explores Punjabi Culture, folk lore, the form of Gidha, the types of Gidha and its importance in Punjabi heritage. Various aspects of formation of Gidha as per bolian, poses, expressions, gestures, costume, body movements of dancers, props, ornaments will be further related with Punjabi culture and heritage perspective. It is significant to study Gidha in relation with Punjabi heritage as Gidha represents the heritage of Punjab all over the world as a dance form.


The Beta zeolite is used as an additive the FCC process catalysts, but its efficiency can be affected by the presence of coke in the system, causing pore blockage and a consequent deactivation of active sites. For such regeneration, coke combustion is enhanced with air at high temperatures. Aiming at understanding the mechanism of Beta zeolite regeneration, the kinetic study of coke decomposition was carried out through thermogravimetric tests, using multiple heating rates and integral kinetic models. From the determination of kinetic parameters such as activation energy, rate constants, half-lives, and coke removal time as a function of temperature; it is perceived that the removal of the coke deposited in the zeolite, within one hundred minutes, would require a thermoxidation process at 800 K.


Wetland, which is called "the kidney of the Earth", plays a significant role in the global ecosystem. However, recently, wetland is endangered or is being damaged due to the development of economy. Some wetlands or their functions have been lost. The protection of the wetland has drawn more and more attention.. And the understanding of wetland status and its evolution law is the prerequisite for establishing the protection measurements. Remote sensing is an efficient tool in the investigation of wetland resources. In the paper, Hongze Lake, one of the five big fresh lakes in China, has been taken as a test area and remotely sensed data of two dates are used to identify the wetland. At first, Hybrid classification scheme is used to classify the remote sensing images acquired on September 16, 2000. Then GIS rules are used to improve the accuracy of the classification. It is found that the method used here is practical and efficient.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of epoxy filling compounds used for moisture protection of electronic products, for example capacitors. The compound contains 100 w.p. epoxy diane resin, 22-30 w.p. isophoronediamine, 20 w.p. polyoxypropylene epoxide diluent and filler: ground mica 9-19 w.p., ground talc 5-9 w.p., pigment 1-2 w.p. The diluent, mixture of mineral filler materials and a pigment are added to the epoxy diane resin and stirred. A curing agent is added and stirred until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Capacitors or other articles are filled with the compound at room temperature and cured as follows: heating to 80°C for 30 min, then holding at 80°C for 60 min, heating to 100°C for 30 min, then holding at 100°C for 60 min, heating to 120°C for 30 min, holding at 120°C for 60 min, cooling; or as follows: holding at room temperature for one day and polymerising at 120°C for 4 hours. EFFECT: filling compound has improved electrical insulation properties at operating temperature higher than 125°C, while maintaining the level of moisture resistance and thermal shock resistance. 2 tbl


SUMMARYThe antifungal effect of an aqueous extract of garlic was tested against 18 strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. Nine strains were clinical isolates, eight were laboratory-induced pseudohypha...


This research work represents hybrid shape microstrip patch broadband antenna for wireless communication application. This hybrid shaped antenna exhibits broadband characteristics (2.27 GHz – 5.55 GHz) with 84 % fractional bandwidth and 3.96 dBi peak gain at 3.93 GHz. An elliptical shaped reference patch is loaded with another elliptical shaped slot to design the final patch of the proposed antenna. Full rectangular ground plane is first reduced along the width and two rectangular slots are loaded in proper position to design the ground plane of the presented antenna. The antenna resonates at 2.6 GHz, 3.4 GHz and 5.15 GHz. So the antenna can be suitably used for Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz), WiMAX band (3.4), Bluetooth (2.4 GHz) applications and other short range communication. Further gain improvement is achieved by incorporating 6  6 FSS (Frequency Selective Surface) structure with the antenna at optimal position without hampering broadband characteristics. Maximum gain enhancement of 5.1 dBi at 2.6 GHz and peak gain of 7.3 dBi at 2.6 GHz are achieved for composite structure of the FSS and antenna. Physical size of only antenna is 30 mm  40 mm  1.6 mm and FSS integrated antenna's overall dimension is 96 mm  96 mm  40 mm. Electrical size of only antenna is 0.227   0.3   0.012  and overall electrical dimension Proposed antenna is 0.67   0.67   0.28  . Proposed antenna, unit cell FSS and composite structure are constructed using FR-4 substrate (1.6 mm thick, loss tangent ~ 0.02, dielectric constant ~ 4.4) and simulated by CST software. FSS integrated antenna can be utilized for long range communication.


A novel multi-tube photoreactor with 0.0188m3 valid reaction volume was constructed in pilot-scale. This rectangular reactor consisted of 13 regularly distributed silica glass tubes coating with TiO2 thin film photo-catalyst. Total active area of TiO2 thin film is 0.3916m2. The ratio of surface area to volume achieves 20.8m-1. Photocatalytic experiment of phenol red demonstrates that the apparent reaction rate constant (k) is 0.074 65 h-1 and 0.16502h-1 for reaction system with and without micro-bubbles mixing. The corresponding apparent quantum efficiency (a) is 8.1771 X 10-7g.J-1 and 4.9036 x 10-7g-J-1, respectively. COD value of reactant could decrease to 17mg.L-1 and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) only shows two absorption peaks in 24 h pho-tocatalytic process time, so this photoreactor has good photomineralization effect. Experimental results reveal that photocatalytic destruction of organics is possible by using the multi-tube photoreactor.


This paper deals with the condition of Islamic media and its impact on the minds of people, especially young women in Turkey. Turkey is known as a secular country with a long tradition, but at the same time it has been lead by an Islamic oriented party, AKP since 2002. To put it differently, long lasting secularism in Turkey has been challenged by Islamism, which is gaining influential power. In this paper I would like to point out that this trend, namely the erosion of secularism on the one hand, and the resurgence of Islam on the other hand, is also taking place in the world of mass media in Turkey. In other words, Islamic media has been gaining in significance in Turkish society. This is one of the consequences of the deregulation and privatization of the Turkish mass media which took place in 1990s. This article is composed of three parts. Firstly, we will see how Islamic media in Turkey has been developed and become influential. To properly understand the status of Islamic media, we will need to review the history and the features of Turkish media. I will focus on how Turkish media have developed in a predominantly secular tradition and transformed into more varied types of mass media later in the 1990s. During that time, the privatization of broadcasting was being promoted and at that moment, the number of Islamic oriented TV channels and radios was increased on a large scale. Secondly, I will look at how these Islamic oriented media have been consumed by Turkish people, particularly young women, by referring to a case of fieldwork done in impoverished neighborhoods in Southeast Turkey. Lastly, I will provide some perspectives to understand the future outlook of Islamic media in Turkey and beyond. By means of satellite, the area where Muslim communities can receive broadcast media has expanded beyond Turkey's borders into Western Europe, where 3 million Turkish migrants are living. In sum, I intend to illuminate how Islamic media have composed an alternative discursive space and provided nodal points for those people who have been alienated and marginalized by official discourses mediated by secular media.


When the spacing between the slider and the disk is smaller than 5 nm,the effect of van der Waals between the two solid surfaces cannot be ignored anymore.This effect on the dynamic characters of slider was investigated numerically with perturbation method.The loading capability decreased significantly under the influence of van der Waals force when flying height was below than 5 nm,which induced the decrease of flying height and rigidities in directions of flying height and pitch,but the roll rigidity had little change.The van der Waals force played an important role that the vibration amplitude increased greatly only when the perturbation frequency is close to that of the slider.So the effect of the van der Waals force on dynamic flying-height amplitude can be controlled by the means of increasing the slider characteristic frequency much higher to a value than that of the perturbation.Then more attention should be paid on the effect of van der Waals force on loading capability in slider design.


Energy efficiency in cognitive radio networks (CRN) is of paramount importance since secondary users (SU) are often likely to be energy constrained. While spectrum sensing (SS) is a critical CRN function, repetitive SS events can significantly reduce the battery life of sensing devices. However, energy efficiency can be improved by employing spectrum opportunity forecasting (SOF) and optimal scheduling for sensor node activation to reduce the required number of SS events. In this paper, a combination of SOF and optimal scheduling is thus explored. The application of SOF to cooperative SS is one of the unique contributions of this paper. Results indicated that this combination could significantly reduce sensor node energy consumption and in so doing increase CRN lifetime. A positive linear relationship was found between forecast length and CRN lifetime. A very large improvement in the collective lifetime of the sensor network was observed when SOF was employed (roughly 21.2 time samples longer than when only optimal scheduling was employed) for a forecast length of ten SS events, using implicit enumeration under the uniform sensor node distribution.


Crowds are present almost everywhere and affect several aspects of our lives. They are considered to be on of the most complex systems whose dynamics, resulting from individual interactions and giving rise to fascinating phenomena, is very difficult to understand and have always intrigued experts from various domains. The technological advancement, especially in computer performance, has allowed to model and simulate pedestrian movement. Research from different disciplines, such as social sciences and bio-mechanics, who are interested in studying crowd movement and pedestrian interactions were able to better examine and understand the dynamics of the crowd. Professionals from architects and transport planners to fire engineers and security advisors are also interested in crowd models that would help them to optimize the design and operation of a facility. In this thesis, we have worked on the imporvement of a discrete crowd model developed by the researchers from the dynamics group in Navier laboratory. In this model, the actions and decisions taken by each individual are treated. In its previous version, the model was used to simulate urgent evacuations. Three main aspects of the model were addressed in this thesis. The first one concerns pedestrian navigation towards a final destination. In our model, a pedestrian is represented by a disk having a willingness to head to a certain destination with a desired direction and a desired speed. A desired direction is attributed to each pedestrian, depending on his position from the exit, from a floor field that is obtained by solving the eikonal equation. Solving this equation a single time at the beginning of the simulation or several times at during the simulation allows us to obtain the shortest path or the fastest path strategy respectively. The influence of the two strategies on the collective dynamics of the crowds is compared. The second one consists of managing pedestrian-pedestrian interactions. After having chosen his/her direction according to one of the available strategies, a pedestrian is bound to interact with other pedestrians present on the chosen path. We have integrated three pedestrian behaviors in our model: (i) pushing by using an original approach based on the theory of rigid body collisions in a rigorous thermodynamics context, (ii) forcing one's way by introducing a social repulsive force and (iii) "normal" avoidance by using a cognitive approach based on two heuristics. The three methods are compared for different criteria. The last aspect is the validation and verification of the model. We have performed a sensibility study and validated the model qualitatively and quantitatively. Using a numerical experimental plan, we identified the input parameters that are the most statistically significant and estimated the effects of their interactions. Concerning qualitative validation, we showed that our model is able to reproduce several self-organization phenomena such as lane formation. Finally, our model was validated quantitatively for the case of a bottleneck. The experimental results are very close to the ones obtained from simulations. The model was also applied to pedestrian movement in the Noisy-Champs train station. The objective of the study was to estimate the train dwell time. The simulation results were similar to the observations


Pneumomediastinum with Influenza A Infection A 33-year-old man with fever, lethargy, and hypoxemia received a diagnosis of influenza A infection. Pneumomediastinum and opacities in both lungs were seen on chest imaging.


Huge damages have been made by urban sprawl since the 20 th century in the United States. In response to the sprawl, people have adopted a variety of countermeasures, which can be divided into four stages according to the formulation times and different original intentions, i e, sprawl control(1920s), wise plan(1950s), growth management(1970s) and sprawl governance(1990s). And the primary strategies for these 4 stages are zoning, PUD, direct development and smart growth respectively. The change from sprawl control to sprawl governance is not only a transference from control to governance methods, but also a upgrading on the planning collaboration and comprehensiveness. Among the reasons for this change, the transference of western public administrative environment, the inherent advantages of governance, the further in-depth understanding on urban sprawl, and the changes of research methodologies and leading theories are the most important ones.


Spirituality at work place implies that employees find satisfaction and peace in their work
life by connecting personal and professional goals and feel contentment in pursuing both. Happy
employees are assets to any organization while unhappy employees negatively impact the environment of
organization. Absenteeism, illness, stress management, low levels of productivity & sincerity, chaos in the
minds are some common problems faced by all organizations in current times. Employers need to utilize
this untapped source of immense energy by allowing employees to awaken spiritually and become more
productive and fulfilled. We are in a transition period where organizations need to introduce new
management techniques and make changes in the existing structure in order to ensure job satisfaction.
This study explores the relationships between spiritual awareness, spiritual conduct and work satisfaction
in order to understand their impact on each other. Undertaken research is based on primary data collected
from service industry employees in the tricity region of Chandigarh, Mohali & Panchkula using closed ended
questionnaire. This study has yielded a more profound understanding of relationship between workplace
spirituality and work satisfaction in service sector and findings of the study reveal that there is a strong
relationship between spiritual conduct and work satisfaction.


V Xia N" is a high-frequency phrase in spoken Chinese. "Xia" here can be both directional verb and time measure word, causing ambiguity when employed in the same pattern "VN". The paper analyzes the continuity and autonomy of "VN" combined with "Xia" of different parts of speech, and clarifies the meaning with the help of the rhythm features inside the pattern, the meaning of the pattern and the context.


For effective HRI, robots must go beyond having good legibility of their intentions shown by their actions, but also ground the degree of uncertainty they have. We show how in simple robots which have spoken language understanding capacities, uncertainty can be communicated to users by principles of grounding in dialogue interaction even without natural language generation. We present a model which makes this possible for robots with limited communication channels beyond the execution of task actions themselves. We implement our model in a pick-and-place robot, and experiment with two strategies for grounding uncertainty. In an observer study, we show that participants observing interactions with the robot run by the two different strategies were able to infer the degree of understanding the robot had internally, and in the more uncertainty-expressive system, were also able to perceive the degree of internal uncertainty the robot had reliably.


A skill-based approach prevails in the 2019 Turkish Course Curriculum (TLC) which was prepared on the basis of a thematic approach. To that end, a recommendation was made to implement activities in the teaching-learning process to achieve the pre-determined goals and outcomes in the curriculum. Students' acquiring comprehension and narrative skills is possible through activity-based exercises in Turkish language classes. In order to improve students' speaking and writing skills which are considered to be a part of narrative skills, it is necessary to use certain strategies effectively in the teaching-learning process. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of speaking and writing strategy activities in the Turkish language course books prepared according to the 2019 Turkish Language Curriculum in terms of grade levels and publishers. The document analysis method was used in this study which is qualitative by design. In the study, fourteen grades 1-8 Turkish language course books that were used in the 2019-2020 academic year were examined. The data were analyzed using the descriptive frequency and percentage analysis techniques. The results showed that speaking and writing strategy activities in the TLC were not sufficiently included in the textbooks and that the use of strategies was not balanced in the textbooks either.


Background: COVID-19 disease does not only attack adults and the elderly but also children. Confirmed COVID-19 cases in Indonesia were found as many as 10.1% in children and as many as 2.9% in toddlers. That said, although COVID-19 cases are rare in children, it does not mean that children are safe from contracting COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the parental effort to shape child healthy behavior in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study using ethnographic approach. The study was conducted in the outskirt of Tegal Regency, Central Java. A sample of 8 parents who had children aged 0-11 years was selected by snowballing technique. The themes of this study were the parental effort in educating children in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission such as the use of facemask, handwashing practice, and other parental effort to increase child immunity. The data were collected by observation and in-depth interview. The data were analyzed using reduction-verification-conclusion method. Results: On the positive aspects, most parents taught and educated their children on healthy behavior, including facemask use in public places, handwashing, changing dietary intake, and consuming multivitamins and herbs. However, on the negative aspects, children were often influenced by unhealthy behavior of peers. Children only did the healthy behavior just because of fear from parents and teachers. There was a tendency for children to eat more exceeding daily nutritional needs, which can lead to obesity and metabolic disorders. In addition, children were forced to drink herbs, which could cause trauma to the children. Conclusion: On the positive aspects, most parents have taught and educated their children on healthy behavior such as wearing facemask in public places, handwashing, changing dietary intake, and consuming multivitamins and herbs. On the negative aspects, some inadvertent effort occurred which resulted in undesirable effects such as over eating and trauma among the children.


Some compounds that are bitter‐tasting to humans, both alkaloidal (quinine, quinidine, atropine, caffeine) and non‐alkaloidal (denatonium benzoate, sucrose octaacetate, naringin), deterred feeding and oviposition by Heliothis virescens (F.) in laboratory and field cage experiments. Preliminary electrophysiological studies of gustatory sensilla on the ovipositor of H. virescens provided evidence of 3 neurons, one of which is responsive to sucrose. Preliminary indications are that responses of this neuron may be inhibited by quinine and denatonium benzoate.


Objective:To investigate the curative effects of Herba houttuyniae injection by spray inhalation and by intravenous drip on lower respiratory tract infection and compare effects.Methods:62 patients with lower respiratory tract infection were divided into the intravenous drip group, spray group 1 and 2 according to sequential trial. The intravenous drip group was treated with Herba houttuyniae injection by intravenous drip, once a day. The spray group 1 and 2 were treated with Herba houttuyniae injection by spray inhalation, once a day and three times a day, respechively.Results:The cure rate of the intravenous drip group was 48% and the total effective rate was 90.48%. The cure rates and total effective rates of the spray group 1 were 25% and 60%. The spray group 2 was 43% and 85.07%.Conclusion:The curative effects of Herba houttuyniae injection by intravenous drip and by spray inhalation (three a day ) on lower respiratory tract infection are similiar and better.


This paper presents a high-power, high-efficiency GaN HEMT Doherty power amplifier (DPA) for 3.5-GHz-band LTE macro-cell base-stations. To enhance the efficiency of the DPA, a new input matching circuit design based on a normalized peak amplifier's power ratio is proposed. A symmetrical DPA with the circuit is designed using 64.6% drain efficiency, 200W GaN HEMTs. The design shows significant improvement of both backed-off and peak efficiency of the DPA. At 3.51-GHz, high drain efficiency of 51.7% and 49.2 dBm (83 W) output power are achieved with a power gain of 13.5 dB and ACLR of −50.6 dBc using a LTE single carrier and digital predistortion system. This is the first demonstration of a GaN HEMT DPA of over 80W for 3.5-GHz-Band LTE macro-cell base-stations.


he Algomah mine is located in northeastern Ontonagon T County, 2 miles east of the village of Mass, in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The mine began in 1910 as an exploration by the Algomah Mining Company to investigate an unusual mineralized lode adjacent to the Keweenaw Fault. Following its discovery in outcrop, this lode was promoted as one of the most spectacular, yet perplexing, copper deposits in Michigan. In stark contrast to virtually every other mine in the district, native copper proved exceptionally rare at the Algomah prospect; instead, copper was present in oxidized form, principally as large masses of black tenorite intermixed with bluegreen chrysocolla and malachite. This oxihzed orebody is believed to have formed by primary hypogene fluids that were contaminated via mixing with downward-migrating waters of high oxygen fugacity, possibly originating in the hematite-rich Jacobsville Sandstone adjacent to the Keweenaw Fault (J. Trow, pers. com., 2003). Following the exploration work conducted from 1910 to 1914, the Algomah mine essentially lay dormant until 1953, when two local businessmen acquired the property and removed and sent 50 tons of copper oxide ore to an experimental smelter in the town of Ontonagon (Courter 1992). Metallurgical difficulties and transportation costs proved insurmountable, and the test mining was discontinued. Today, the property is abandoned and reclaimed, though several large mining companies continue to search for copper, uranium, gold, nickel, and platinum on adjacent lands. The Algomah mine is best known for lapidary material and copper-bearing microminerals, including (but not limited to)


A comparative performance evaluation of DCT domain techniques for spatial scalability is presented. In contrast to the traditional spatial domain techniques, the DCT domain techniques remove the unnecessary decompression and recompression procedures, and thus have the advantages of reduced computational complexity and storage requirements. The relative performance is compared in terms of computational complexity and image quality.


This article examines James Clarence Mangan's 'Literae Orientales', six articles he published in the Dublin University Magazine between 1837 and 1846. Many of the translations of Persian and Turkish poems Mangan offers in these articles are, in fact, original poems masquerading as translations, and Mangan uses them, and his reflections on orientalism and contemporary translation theory, to critique the ignorance and arrogance of Western attitudes to Eastern literature and culture, and undermine facile notions of transparent translation. He also plays on the long-standing association of Ireland and the East, seen in Mangan's Dublin University Magazine colleague Samuel O'Sullivan's labelling of papists and nationalists as 'Affghans at home', to plant subversive comparisons of the Irish and Oriental colonized in the journal of Anglo-Irish cultural hegemony.


FU Orionis outbursts are temporary large increases in luminosity: x (40 - 250) thought to occur repeatedly in all low mass young stellar systems. We discuss detailed calculations of viscous accretion disks suggesting that FU Ori events signify the existence of a protostellar disk transporting mass at a rate of (1 - 10) x 10(exp 6) solar mass / yr, in agreement with theoretical and observational estimates of molecular cloud core collapse rates. Accretion through the inner edge of disks subject to outburst is self-regulated through the thermal ionization instability such that long periods (approx. 1000 yrs) of low mass flux: (1 - 10) x 10(exp -5) solar mass / yr, are punctuated by short periods (approx. 100 yrs) of high mass flux: (1-10) x 10(exp -5) solar mass / yr. The unstable region of the disk extends radially only to a distance of approx. = 1/4 AU. Beyond this region matter is transported stably at the infall rate. In systems for which M(sum *) = 1 solar mass with an inner disk edge of 3 solar radius, the critical rate for outbursts is 5 x 10(exp -7) solar mass / yr independent of the magnitude of the viscous ce parameter consistent with estimates of boundary layer mass flux in T Tauri stars. We use timescales of observed outbursts to constrain the magnitude of the alpha parameter to be 10(exp -4) where hydrogen is neutral and 10(exp -3) where ionized. Light curves of V1515 Cyg, FU Ori, and V1057 Cya are reproduced; the latter two require application of a small perturbation in surface density to produce observed rapid rise times. Detailed reply is made to objections to the accretion disk model for outbursts. Comparison to observations are made of time dependent spectral energy distributions, colors, and line-width velocity evolution.


Notwithstanding the establishment of certain guides by some of the engineering societies, the specification of a standard method of measurement and methods of establishing design guides for the selection of room noise levels by USASI has not been achieved. There is no question of the need for such standards. However, accurate measurement of sound levels outside of reverberation rooms has proved difficult, and a method that will correctly evaluate a noise source in a non‐ideal room has not materialized. Because of the wide range of possible ambient conditions, specification of design guide or recommended or optimum room noise levels for even the simplest situation has proved difficult, and agreement between manufacturers of equipment and its users has not been achieved.


In order to extend the conventional shell model (SM) calculation with harmonic oscillator bases to light nuclei on neutron drip line, a self-similar-structure shell model (SSM) is proposed. We do this by a rescaling of both the kinetic and potential energy terms of the harmonic oscillator so that the single-particle orbit in SSM has its own state(orbit)-dependent frequency. Meanwhile, a new method to imitate the Woods–Saxon potential with harmonic oscillator potential is introduced. By the rescaling method and imitation procedure, all light exotic nuclei together with the light stable nuclei are studied in a unified way. The results are in good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, the puzzle of the unexistence of and is naturally explained in SSM.


Construction is a key factor in the economy of a country. In the manner that augmentation of productivity of the involved processes is achieved, the more available resources there will be for the development of civil projects. The productivity has been the object of study by the construction industry with the objective of generating value in the construction processes. For the study of productivity in progress, it is critical to identify the activities that take place in the field. Traditionally the retention of this information is done with observational tools that come directly from the field and its respective resources. Presented in this paper is the utilization of application of method and identification of workflow. The obtained information makes way for finding solutions for the reduction or elimination of losses within the process of construction. Consequently, a case study of a conventional structure uplift project is presented that took place in Bogota in the year 2011-2012. The obtained results are a compilation of 6 consecutive months which yielded a series of proposals and recommendations for bettering the job. On the other hand, it should be noted that the investigation will not only introduce a better way to improve the job which is being worked on, but will also come in handy to provide suggestions for future construction projects as well as serve as a guide for other investigations


How to design a simple digital signal tester is introduced and the meaning of applying this system to the teaching of synthetic experiment is pointed out.


Many morphological and physiological parameters of avian eggs are known to be correlated with fresh egg weight, i.e , to exhibit allometric relationships. It has been predicted that part of the variability around some of these allometric relationships is the result of adaptations to incubation periods of different lengths. I performed multiple regressions of three of these parameters (the rate of water loss in the nest, conductance of the shell to gases and the rate of O2 consumption just prior to hatching) versus weight and incubation period to test these predictions. All these parameters were significantly correlated with weight and for eggs of the same weight inversely correlated with the length of the incubation period. Other investigators have reported allometric interrelations between weight, life span and other parameters. For example the average number of heartbeats is the same in mammals of all weights. The kind of interrelation reported in this study appears similar to this kind of allometric interrelation but is actually quite different because it concerns organisms of the same weight. I refer to this kind of interrelation between various parameters for eggs of the same weight as an isometric interrelation. The two kinds of interrelations are quite independent the existence of an allometric interrelation does not prove the existence of an isometric interrelation.


Objectives: To examine the influence of life course socioeconomic disadvantages (SED) on cognitive function in later life. Method: Data originate from a survey of people 60 and older living in seven Latin American and Caribbean cities. Cognitive function was measured with a modified Mini-Mental State Examination and the Pfeffer Scale of Functional Capacity. Homogeneity tests were used to pool data. Associations between cognitive function and SED were evaluated, fitting logistic regressions. Results: Cognitive impairment (CI) prevalence ranged from 0.3% to 6.5% in men and 1.2% to 10.1% in women. Childhood rural living, poor childhood health, illiteracy, housewife or farmer occupation, and insufficient income were associated with CI in all seven cities. The odds of CI increase with cumulative exposure to disadvantages along life course. Conclusions: Life course SED is related to cognitive function later in life. Difficulty in properly distinguishing cognitive function from test performance remains an issue.


proposed a 5 ry linac (ERL high average 0pm-rad at 77p igh current is beam in the working at 1. e dipole mod rt(Q)/f to supp e to errors in erating mode er from those gure 1 shows ments for the f the TTF Mo ies spread and ting is larger t catter. Therefo current inclu rameters in th ties are fabric ocedures, and is similar. Cav for five types distortion meth s had been CLANS/CLA ts can only ca ELLIPTI CO


The p53 tumour suppressor protein is a labile transcription factor that is activated and stabilized in response to a wide range of cellular stresses, through a mechanism involving disruption of its interaction with MDM2, a negative regulatory partner. Induction of p53 by DNA damage additionally involves a series of phosphorylation and acetylation modifications, some of which are thought to regulate MDM2 binding. Here we report the effects of introducing mutations at several known or putative N‐terminal phosphorylation sites on the transactivation function of p53. These studies highlight phosphorylation of Ser15, a key phosphorylation target during the p53 activation process, as being critical for p53‐dependent transactivation. Biochemical data indicate that the mechanism by which phosphorylation of Ser15 stimulates p53‐dependent transactivation occurs through increased binding to the p300 coactivator protein. The data also indicate that Ser15‐dependent regulation of transactivation is independent of any involvement in modulating MDM2 binding, and that Ser15 phosphorylation alone is not sufficient to block the p53–MDM2 interaction.


Background: Intramedullary nailing is the mainstay of treatment femoral shaft fractures. In this we tried to compare the results of open and closed nailing in the shaft of femur bone. Methods: In three years time 272 femoral shaft fractured patients were admitted out of which 162 were closed type and 110patients in whom open nailing was tried. The mean age of patients was 35.6 yrs. Statistical analysis was done by using student "t" test. Results: 246 patients healed within six months,while others required axial compression; complete union occurred in 95.6% of cases. Most common complication observed was limited range of mobility. Nonunion was observed more in open method, while closed method showed high rate of malunioin. Conclusions: We concluded our study with the fact that concept of alignment should be placed high & open nailing should be tried in those cases where adequate results cannot be achieved by closed methods.


Several models for handling vague and imprecise information in decision situations have been suggested. In those contexts, various interval methods have prevailed, i.e. methods based on interval estimates of probabilities and, in some cases, interval utility estimates. Even if these approaches in general are well founded, little has been done for demonstrating whether the approaches are comprehensible for a decision maker. In particular, it is far from always clear what is actually expressed by a set of intervals where linear dependencies do occur. Furthermore, it is difficult to find reasonable decision rules that select an alternative out of a set of alternatives and correspond to the intuition of a decision maker. In this article, we investigate some problems that are inherent in interval approaches and suggest how the choice of particular evaluation rules might compensate for this. Introduction A quite widespread opinion is that the principle of maximising the expected utility captures the concept of rationality. However, the shortcomings of this principle, and of utility theory in general are severe, and have to be compensated for (Ekenberg, et al, 2001). One of the main problems with the principle is that it requires too hard aggregation of background data. Nevertheless, there is a need for efficient evaluation principles. A number of models with representations allowing imprecise probability statements have been suggested. Some of them are based on capacities (of order 2), evidence theory and belief functions, various kinds of logic, upper and lower probabilities, or sets of probability measures. The common feature of the approaches is that they do not include the additivity axiom of probability theory and consequently do not require a decision maker to model and evaluate a decision situation using precise probability (and, in some cases, utility) estimates. The approaches are in general well founded, but quite little has been done in Copyright © 2001, A/~I. All riohls reserved. demonstrating whether they are understandable for a decision maker facing a real decision situation. In particular, it is not always clear what an agent expresses when providing, for instance, a set of intervals where linear dependencies do occur. The problem becomes of particular signifcance when evaluation models are considered. An advantage of approaches for upper and lower probabilities is that it is not necessary to take particular probability distributions into consideration. On the other hand, it is then difficult to fred reasonable decision rules that chose an alternative outof a set of alternatives, andthat rcally corresponds tothe intuition f a decision maker. This problem is emphasised bythe fact that no distributions over the intervals are taken into account toindicate values of most significance. The low-dimensional intuition of decision makers further adds to the problem. Effects of changes on input data arc not always simple to communicate. Wc have found two complementary views on the input data to be particularly helpful tothe decision maker symmetry and quadracy.


The management of human resources of migrant rural workers is part of the government's human resources management works.The state and the government are responsible for the management.This thesis analyzed the current situation of the government management of the human resources of migrant rural workers;put forward several steps of this work,which including systems of wage,education and training,nationality register,use of farm land,labor market and employment and social welfare;point out that,through appropriate arrangement of systems,government could,on one hand,made migrant rural workers possess the ability to change their disadvantages,and on the other hand,guaranteed that the ability that the farmers gain not restricted by the outside systems and can be made full use of.


Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) can provide significant additional information to complement the routine spin-echo MR examination of the brain." The idea of a combined study has gained favor because it provides a noninvasive alternative for the complete study of patients with suspected cerebrovascular disease. Because of the relatively short time of acquisition, MRA sequences can be easify added to the traditional parenchymal study without significantly prolonging the overall examination time (Figure 1). Magnetic resonance is able to create anatomic images through the use of radiofrequency (RF) excitation and refocusing pulses as well as spatial localizing magnetic field gradients. Motion (blood flow) in the presence of the RF pulse sequence creates time-of-flight (TOF) effects on the signal of moving protons, while proton motion during the application and in the direction of the magnetic field gradients produces spin phase phenomena. Each of these effects can be manipulated relatively independently to create vascular contrast within a given scan and thus angiographic images. TOF techniques create vascular contrast via the inflow of blood protons into a region of interest previously prepared by an RF excitation, inversion, or saturation pulse. The most popular techniques consist of relatively simple gradient echo pulse sequences where the inflow of spins produces high signal within the vessels on the basis of the TOF effects known as "entry slice phenomenon" or "flow-related enhancement." Angiographic images can then be derived from such data sets through the use of computer post-processing techniques which obviate the need for mask acquisitions to create a subtraction angiogram. Since TOF MRA requires only a single data set, the acquisition is less susceptible to problems, such as patient motion and eddy currents, which arise with longer examination times and multiple data sets. TOF data also require less computer memory and post-processing following the acquisition. Although the phase contrast techniques are more sensitive to very slow flow, the TOF techniques may be less vulnerable to the phase dispersion (and signal loss) that accompanies complex motion typically seen in regions of arterial flow (i.e., tortuous vessels, stenoses).All MRA techniques may be implemented in a 2D or 3D mode. Two-dimensional Fourier transform imaging


Introduction: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is neuroprotective and increases survival in resuscitated cardiac arrest patients. Approximately 70% of sudden cardiac deaths are caused by coronary heart disease. For patients requiring angiography/PCI, TH can occur simultaneously. Methods: "Cool It" is a comprehensive TH protocol integrated into a regional STEMI network. From Feb 2006 to July 2010, 192 consecutive cardiac arrest patients who remained unresponsive following return of spontaneous circulation were enrolled in the Cool It protocol. Those patients with suspicion for ischemic etiology or evidence of STEMI were transferred directly to the cath lab. Results: On the 192 patients, angiogram was performed in 144 (75.0%). Patients sent for angiography had higher prevalence of initial rhythm VF/VT 116 (80.6%) vs. 19 (39.6%), cardiogenic shock 66 (45.8%) vs. 11 (22.9%), and ST elevation 54 (37.5%) vs. 1 (2.1%) than the 48 patients not undergoing angiography. PCI was performed in 73 (50.7% of patients undergoing angiogram, 38.0% all patients). Of these 73 patients, 64 (87.7%) had initial rhythm VF/VT, 38 (52.1%) were in cardiogenic shock, and 39 (53.4%) had ST elevation. Identified culprit arteries were LAD n=30 (41.1%), RCA n=24 (32.9%), CMX n=12 (16.4%), left main n=4 (5.5%), and none n=3 (4.1%). Mean pre-PCI TIMI flow was 1.36, and post-PCI TIMI flow was 2.91. BMS was used in 31 (42.5%), DES in 40 (54.8%), and one had balloon angioplasty only. Three were referred for CABG. Survival to hospital discharge was 43/73 (58.9%), and survival with favorable neurologic outcome (cerebral performance category 1 or 2) was 39/73 (53.4%). Patients who underwent angiography but did not receive PCI had the similar outcomes: survival was 46/71 (64.8%) and favorable neurologic outcome was seen in 44/71 (62.0%). Patients who did not undergo angiography had the poorest outcome: survival was 11/48 (22.9%) and with favorable neurologic outcome was seen in 9/48 (18.8%). Conclusion: The majority of unresponsive cardiac arrest survivors underwent angiography. Patients who underwent angiography with PCI had the similar outcomes to those with angiography alone. Favorable baseline patient characteristics appear to account for the improved outcomes in the angiography group.


The use of Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) as a method for determining the types of pending or occurring faults within power transformers has been in practice for many years. It has been proven that the generation of certain gases within a transformer is an excellent indicator that a failure is pending. DGA techniques have become so sensitive and accurate at measuring these gases that the entire scheme has become standard practice as part of the normal maintenance for many electric power utility companies. Despite how effective DGA techniques have become, the proper use and interpretation of gas level results (i.e., ppm levels) is still not fully understood by many utility people. Therefore, it is the intent of this paper to provide common knowledge and understanding of all the tools, methods, and techniques available for non-chemical engineers within typical utility companies. We will fully describe each of the available interpretation techniques as well as provide a comparison of the accuracy and reliability of each diagnostic method based on one independent case study.


On Ukrainian DC electric locomotives the control of propulsive force and speed is carried out by the discrete (step) Power Management System, which provides three diagrams of connections of traction motors in the traction mode. However, in terms of energy losses in traction network from the irregular energy consumption such control system is very inefficient. Often, especially with non full-weight trains the electric locomotive with discrete power control in a certain range of speeds and oppositions to movement has excess capacity, which leads to irregular power consumption and increase of energy losses in traction network and power chain of traction mechanism.In this mode the control of traction mechanism consists in alternating change of higher connection of traction motor to the lower one, leading to surges and fluctuations of energy consumption. To improve the coefficient of efficiency of traction motors, balancing a traction load in a traction power supply system, and thus improving the power coefficient of traction mechanism, it is suggested to input into unfilled area of power control between the highest and lowest characteristics, the additional intermediate native (running) traction characteristics.They can be obtained by operative shutdown (temporary, in motion, and then, if necessary, an operative regeneration) of groups of motors (two engines in the branches) with P-connection. This will improve the controllability and expand the range of power control of traction mechanism. The running time of the locomotive will not change as the additional diagrams do not exclude the principal one, but complement it and are used if necessary


As the sub-prime lending crisis has changed to a global economic crisis, the infection to Chinese entities economic has been conducted from coastal areas to the inland areas. For Hubei Province, part of the growth of economic indicators had a marked decline from the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2008. Under such a special economic background, the future economy of Hubei province will face a more complex situation of the development for some time. Hubei provincial government should innovate development model, focus on pushing the developing of high tech industries with resource-saving and environment-friendly, and guide high-tech industries as the guide of leading the province's industrial restructuring and upgrade. This article suggest to combine high-tech industry in Hubei province with the construction of Wuhan city circle"two-oriented society", to carry out the alliances of inter-industry with the industries, to enhance the development of qualified personnel, to improve the technological innovation system, and to vigorously promote the realization of large-scale and industrialization of high-tech industries.


We have studied the propagation properties of transverse acoustic wave in molecular magnets in the presence of a strong ac magnetic field. Due to quantum interference introduced by the strong electromagnetic field, the acoustic wave can propagate without absorption under appropriate conditions, which is a direct result of electromagnetically induced transparency effect. Meanwhile, the nonlinear effects should be considered in the propagation of the acoustic wave because electromagnetic induction transparency effect can greatly enhance nonlinear effects. The transverse acoustic wave propagation equation including nonlinear effects in molecular magnets has been investigated and the corresponding accurate analytic solutions have been obtained. We believe that our research may promote the understanding of the acoustic wave's properties in molecular magnets.


The industrial importance of the chromium industry to South Africa is
emphasised by the fact that it is considered the largest chromite (chromium
ore) and ferrochrome (chrome-iron alloy) producing country in the world.
Although South Africa holds three quarters of the world's chromite ore
reserves, the chrome-to-iron (Cr-to-Fe) ratio of the local chromite ores is
relatively low (1.47 to 1.55), compared to other deposits in the world (2.6 to
3.5). Additionally, iron is more readily reduced than chromium. The
combination of these two factors implies that ferrochrome produced from
South African chromite ore contains 47-53% chromium. Current pricing
practises in the world ferrochrome industry dictate that ferrochrome producers
are only paid for the chromium content in the ferrochrome, which implies that
South African ferrochrome producers export a large percentage of their
product without any financial benefit. Research to improve the Cr-to-Fe ratio
is therefore essential to support sustainability of the local ferrochrome
industry.
Conventional beneficiation methods such as gravity concentration, magnetic
separation and floatation are unlikely to increase the Cr-to-Fe ratio, since both
iron and chromium are part of the same mineral phase, i.e. the spinel, which
requires structural dissociation. It has been proven on laboratory scale that
high temperature carbochlorination (CO and Clz atmosphere) can be used to
selectively remove iron from chromite. However, such methods are unlikely to
be implemented on an industrial scale due to health, environmental and cost
considerations. In light of this, an alternative approach to chromite
chlorination, avoiding the use of chlorine and other toxic gasses, was
investigated during this study. Since it was found that NaCI addition
significantly improved the effectiveness of carbochlorination of chromite, the
effect of adding only NaCI during high temperature treatment of chromite was
investigated. The material utilised during this investigation consisted of local chromite,
anthracite (source of carbon) and attapulgite clay (serving as a binder).
These materials were mixed in a ratio and subsequently milled to 0 90 = 75fJm
to represent materials and specifications similar to those used during
pelletisation of the chromite in the pre-reduction ferrochrome production
process. This mixture could also be used to generate a partially reducing
atmosphere (CO rich) during high temperature treatment, which was similar to
the reaction conditions utilised during carbochlorination. The abovementioned
milled mixture was pelletised into cylindrical pellets with a die set
and a hydraulic press.
This experimental investigation was based on a mono-variance procedure, in
that the four different variables investigated, i.e. maximum pellet treatment
temperature, exposure time, wt% NaCI addition to the pellets and the
atmosphere the pellets were exposed to, were varied one at a time during
experimentation. After each alteration of the afore-mentioned variables, the…


These are notes for a series of lectures given by the author on the mathematics of topological phases, at the Leiden Summer School on "KK-theory, Gauge Theory and Topological Phases" in February–March 2017. They are meant to introduce some recent developments in the physics of topological phases to the mathematician, and to introduce carefully K-theory and related topics for the physicist. Updated versions of these notes will be available at


The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diets with different crude fiber levels on xylanase activity of microorganism in donkey caecum. The conventional diet group, high-fiber diet group and high-starch diet group were included in this study. The xylanase activity of microorganism of different groups were determined and statistically analyzed. The results showed that the xylanase activity of cecal microorganism of high-fiber diet group and high-starch diet group were significantly higher than that of the conventional diet group(P0.05).