THE TEST SOIL WAS TREATED WITH PHOSPHORIC ACID IN THE MULLER-AND-PLOY MIXER WITH ABOUT 15-16 PERCENT WATER (OPTIMUM). THE LOOSE MIXTURE WAS STORED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND SAMPLES WERE TAKEN PERIODICALLY. THE MIXTURE WAS WHIPPED WITH 125 ML OF BOILED DISTILLED WATER FOR 30 SEC. IN A KITCHEN BLENDER. THE SLURRY WAS WASHED INTO A BEAKER WITH 25 ML OF BOILED, DISTILLED WATER AND THE PH WAS MEASURED WITH A GLASS-CALOMEL ELECTRODE PAIR. THE SLURRY WAS WASHED AND CENTRIFUGED, THE SUPERNATANT DECANTED, DILUTED TO 250 ML, AND THE PH REMEASURED. THE SUPERNATANT WAS ANALYZED FOR PHOSPHORIC ANHYDRIDE AND ALUMINUM OXIDE BY STANDARD WET CHEMICAL METHODS. CHEMICALS USED WERE AS FOLLOWS: PHOSPHORIC ACID, POLYPHOSPHORIC ACIDS, COMMERCIAL SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE, FLUORAPATITE, HYDROXYLAPATITE, SULFURIC ACID, HYDROFLUORIC ACID, DODECYLBENZENE SULFONIC ACID, ALKANE SULFONIC ACIDS, N-TETRAPROPENYL DIETHYLENE TRIAMINE, AND TRIDECANOL-ETHYLENE OXIDE CONDENSATE. THE FOLLOWING EFFECTS WERE OBSERVED: (1) THE EFFECT OF CONDENSED PHOSPHORIC ACIDS ALONE OR WITH ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID, (2) CHANGES IN SOIL PROPERTIES WHEN DIFFERENT SOURCES OF ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACIDS ARE USED, (3) EFFECT OF MIXTURES OF HYDORFLUORIC AND ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACIDS, (4) EFFECT OF ADDING SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS, AND (5) DATA PERTAINING TO THE REACTION MECHANISM. NEARLY ALL THE CHANGES IN IMMERSED STRENGTHS COMPARED TO ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID ARE ACCOMPANIED BY A CHANGE IN DENSITY OF THE SOIL. WHEN POLYPHOSPHORIC ACIDS OR MIXTURES OF HYDROFLUORIC AND ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACIDS WERE ADDED TO CLAY SOILS, A LOSS IN DENSITY WAS OBSERVED COMPARED TO ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID ALONE. IT IS DEMONSTRATED THAT PHOSPHORIC ACID DERIVED DIRECTLY FROM PHOSPHATE ROCK BY THE ACTION OF SULPHURIC ACID, THE WET PROCESS ACID, PERFORMS AS WELL AS THE PURE VARIETY OF PHOSPHORIC ACID. THE USE OF THE SUBSTITUTED POLYAMINE IS CALLED FOR WHEN THE SOIL IS DECIDEDLY WETTER THAN OPTIMUM OR WHEN IMMEDIATE STRENGTH IS REQUIRED. DATA PRESENTED SUPPORT THE THEORY THAT PHOSPHORIC ACID REACTS WITH THE CLAY CRYSTALS TO PRODUCE AN ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE CEMENT.


In this text, a review of the book mentioned in the title is made with the content of the book, personal experiences with reading, facts about the author, curiosities, elements to keep in mind to continue a similar reading and final recommendations.


In former years the medical profession rested serene in its reliance on the integrity and constancy of the normal ureteral valve for resisting and preventing the regurgitation of fluid from bladder to ureter. Once it had entered the bladder there was no going backward. even under all the pressures or provocations that could be brought to bear to that end. Experiments on animals served to confirm this belief. In 1898, Young1was unable to effect regurgitation by various degrees of pressure on the filled bladders of animals, and he affirmed the correctness of the established belief. The researches of Sampson and of Stoeckel pointed in the same direction. But clinical observations of Kretschmer, Kelly and others, and the numerous experiments of Graves and Davidoff, Bumpus, Zernblinoff, Guyon and Albarran, Icobelli, Lewin and Goldschmidt, Marcus, von Lichtenberg, Lampe, Warschauer, Alksne and Barbey changed the views of the profession. Graves and


Objective: To compare the efficacy of noradrenaline and terlipressin in hepatorenal syndrome.
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from May 2018 to Jan 2019.
Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out at CMH Lahore. Patients admitted in hospital with diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome were included in the study by non-probability convenient sampling. Detailed history and examination was carried out. PT/INR, Serum bilirubin, albumin, creatinine, sodium and urine output (ml/24 hour), were measured in all patients. Patient were screened by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomized into terlipressin group and noradrenaline group and treated for one week as per study protocol. Serum creatinine level <133 μmol/L was considered reversal of hepatorenal syndrome. Data was collected on a predesigned form and entered in SPSS software for data analysis. Proportions were compared by applying chi square test and independent sample t test was applied for comparing means. For statistical significance p-value ≤0.05 was the standard.
Results: The study comprised of 40 patients. Both terlipressin and noradrenaline groups had 20 patients each. In terlipressin group 9 (45%) patients and in noradrenaline group 8 (40%) patients achieved the reversal of hepatorenal syndrome, respectively (p-value 0.5). Only 2 (10%) patient died in each group (p-value 0.698). Mortality was 2 (10%) in noradrenaline group and 2 (10%) in terlipressin group (p-value 0.698).
Conclusion: Terlipressin and noradrenaline are both effective and benign noninvasive treatment options for hepatorenal syndrome in the circumstances where liver transplant is not available. Noradrenaline and terlipressin have similar efficacy and safety profile.


Cyclobutanone is shown to yield both C3H6+ and C2H2O+ ions on fragmentation under electron impact in a mass spectrometer. Using the energy distribution difference (EDD) technique the ionization energy of cyclobutanone is found to be 9.58 eV and the appearance potentials of the C3H6+ and C2H2O+ ions are found to be 9.85 and 10.53 eV, respectively.


Obsjective:To observe the changes of autonomic nervous system in patients with chronic cor pulmonale.Methods:Heart rate variability(HRV)was analyzed by short HRV time methods in 25 patients with chronic cor pulmonale in acute attack and in 25 matched healthy adults.Results:The HF?pNN50?SDANN decreased and LF/HF increased in patients with chronic cor pulmonale in acute attack as compared with the controls(P0.01),while LF decreased(P0.05).After treatment,the HF?pNN50?SDANN markedly increased and LF/HF decreased in patients with chronic cor pulmonale as compared before treating(P0.01).The HF?pNN50?SDANN in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease after treating were lower than those of the controls,LF/HF was higher than that of the normal group(P0.01).while LF was not markedly changed as compared with the normal group(P0.05).Conculsion:It was suggested that the patients with chronic cor pulmonale usually with low HRV,marked sympathetic activation and the autonomic dysfuction due to vagal neuropathy.Autonomic nervous dysfuction may existed persisterly.


Partial table of contents: FORMULATIVE READINGS. Logical Foundations of Distributed Artificial Intelligence (E. Werner). Distributed Artificial Intelligence Testbeds (K. Decker). COOPERATION, COORDINATION, AND AGENCY. Coordination Techniques for Distributed Artificial Intelligence (N. Jennings). Negotiation Principles (H. Muller). Planning in Distributed Artificial Intelligence (E. Durfee). DAI FRAMEWORKS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. IMAGINE: An Integrated Environment for Constructing Distributed Artificial Intelligence Systems (D. Steiner). AGenDA--A General Testbed for Distributed Artificial Intelligence Applications (K. Fischer, et al.). Agent Factory: An Environment for the Fabrication of Multiagent Systems (G. O'Hare). RELATED DISCIPLINES. Philosophy and Distributed Artificial Intelligence: The Case of Joint Intention (R. Tuomela). User Design Issues for Distributed Artificial Intelligence (L. Hall). Appendix. Index.


Currently there is concern that ACE inhibitors are not being utilised to their maximum potential for the prevention or treatment of heart failure. Underutilisation of ACE inhibitors has been attributed to a lack of appropriate medical education of physicians. However, an alternative explanation is that the trials have failed to answer important questions about how ACE inhibitors should be used in heart failure and that physician prescribing is appropriate to the current state of knowledge. The lack of evidence of benefit in patients with heart failure over the age of 75 years and of any substantial controlled trial in patients with apparent heart failure and well-preserved left ventricular systolic function, a common finding in elderly patients, may be common reasons why ACE inhibitors appear to be prescribed infrequently for heart failure.


Strategy tools such as scenario planning and Porter's Five Forces have been developed in order to support the strategy work of practitioners and organizations. However, little research has been concerned with the practicalities of using strategy tools. This paper addresses this gap through a large scale survey of where in the strategy process managers use different strategy tools and what value they accord to that use in different phases. It was found that: a) strategy tools use is not specific to a single stage of the strategy process rather their use spread across all stages b) strategy tools use and value are not strongly correlated; c) the use and value of strategy tools decreases progressively as we move from strategy analysis to strategy implementation.


The wetting of an air-dried sample of an organic rich soil, Mossy Point, has been studied by proton magnetic resonance imaging. Spin density maps demonstrate heterogeneity of the sample at the level of the volumes sampled by each image unit despite general procedures designed to produce homogeneous samples. Heterogeneity in transverse relaxation times can be shown in a histogram. One component of the histogram shows relaxation times that shift to shorter values over a period of many days. This indicated the slow penetration of some of the water into an environment of reduced water mobility. The water may be entering into, and perhaps forming, micropores or a water swollen gel. Study of the kinetics of uptake of two different pesticides (2,4-D and Atrazine) in slurries of the air-dried soil in aqueous solutions of the pesticides requires at least two kinetic components. The slower entry of both takes place over a time period comparable to, or a little less than, the slow water uptake. Despite significant difference in the pesticide structures, both have a slow uptake rate near that of slow water penetration.


Abstract Flight research experiments have demonstrated that adaptive flight controls can be an effective technology for improving aircraft safety in the event of failures or damage. However, the nonlinear, time-varying nature of adaptive algorithms continues to challenge traditional methods for the verification and validation testing of safety-critical flight control systems. Increasingly complex adaptive control theories and designs are emerging, but only make testing challenges more difficult. A potential first step toward the acceptance of adaptive flight controllers by aircraft manufacturers, operators, and certification authorities is a very simple design that operates as an augmentation to a non-adaptive baseline controller. Three such controllers were developed as part of a National Aeronautics and Space Administration flight research experiment to determine the appropriate level of complexity required to restore acceptable handling qualities to an aircraft that has suffered failures or damage. The controllers consist of the same basic design, but incorporate incrementally-increasing levels of complexity. Derivations of the controllers and their adaptive parameter update laws are presented along with details of the controllers' implementations.


Photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation measurements over a temperature range 12 K<T<300 K on high quality CuGaTe2 crystals grown by the vertical Bridgman method were completed. The whole PL spectrum consists of two regions. The first region includes PL bands E1 at 1.431 eV, E2 at 1.426 eV, and E3 at 1.417 eV, together with their phonon replicas while in the second region we have a PL band D0 at 1.338 eV with its well-resolved LO-phonon replicas (ℏωLO=26.5 meV). All these PL bands appear to be at higher energy than the lowest (fundamental) band gap energy EgA. The possible origin of observed PL bands is discussed.


The pogo stick is the main bearing part of the multipurpose measurement system for aircraft's weight and barycenter. Its quality directly affects the stiffness and dynamic characteristics of the measurement system. The measurement and calculation method of large aircraft barycenter was designed based on the moment equilibrium principle. The core load-bearing component pogo stick was improved by adding a 3D force sensor. The structural strength of pogo stick was analyzed by finite element method, and its structure was optimized by geometric optimization method. The results show that compared with traditional measurement method of Z-direction force, this method can measure the 3D force and improve the measurement accuracy. The structural strength, distortion and geometry of models structural was optimal according to the simulation. The influence degree of each design variable on model's distortion was found by geometry optimization.


The trifine Noctuid genus Altipolia Plante occurs only in ecozones above the Himalayan timberline. The imagoes generally appear during late season's first frosty nights with only females becoming active in early spring after overwintering. They share this reproductive strategy and certain genitalic characters with Dasypolia Thunberg and Estagrotis Nye. Members of Altipolia are medium sized moths (wingspan 31–38 mm) having divergent wings patterns and ground colouration but more conservative genitalia especially in most females. The genus is currently comprised of seven species which can now be separated into two species-groups based on male genitalia characters. Their distribution is restricted solely to the Himalayas where they are found from Northeast Pakistan throughout North India and Nepal to China's North Yunnan and Western Sichuan Provinces. A more detailed survey of the late autumnal high mountain Himalayan Noctuidae fauna especially in the less explored areas of the Southern and Western edge of the Tibetan plateau may yield further species. Recent collecting trips to Western Sichuan resulted in new distribution data for a few interesting Altipolia species including one new to the science but also raised further taxonomical questions. The female genitalia of Altipolia are relatively uniform but further male genitalia analysis is needed and will be included in a subsequent study. The present paper provides an updated check-list of the genus including a description of a new species with a detailed comparison with its closest relatives.


Background: Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas that causes significant morbidity and mortality and is one of the major risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) has been reported to be overexpressed in breast, lung and pancreatic cancers. PP4 plays an important role in the regulation of centrosome maturation, DNA repair, NF-κB, and c-jun-NH2-kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. However, the expression and functions of PP4 in pancreatitis have not been studied.
 Methods: To examine the functions of PP4 in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP), we crossed PP4flox/+ mice with pancreatic acinar cell specific cre, CreERT, which was driven by a full length pancreatic acinar specific elastase I promoter. PP4flox/flox, CreERT mice and control mice were treated with 8 hourly intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 µg/kg/h). The pancreata were harvested at different time points for histopathological examination and molecular analysis.
 Results: PP4 expression was increased at both protein and mRNA levels in mouse pancreas with AP. Compared to CreERT mice, PP4flox/flox, CreERT mice demonstrated significantly less edema, less inflammation, less necrosis or loss of pancreatic acinar cells in pancreas after cerulein treatment. The serum amylase and lipase levels were lower in cerulein-treated PP4flox/flox, CreERT mice compared with controls. The pancreata of PP4flox/flox, CreERT mice exhibited decreased STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation and decreased NF-κB activation cerulein-treated PP4flox/flox, CreERT mice than control mice.
 Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that PP4 plays an important role in cerulein-induced AP through STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Inhibition of PP4 may help to reduce the pancreatic injuries and to prevent the development of chronic pancreatitis, which increases the risk of pancreatic cancer.
 Citation Format: Hua Wang, Reza Abbasgholizadeh, Rohan Moniruzzaman, Baoan Ji, Anirban Maitra, Huamin Wang. Protein phosphatase 4 deficiency protects mice against cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB568.


Speed and safety are two key objectives in the operation of a railway. On double-line railways, such as the Estrada de Ferro Vitoria Minas (EFVM), a critical situation occurs when a train changes between lines, this should occur at the maximum allowed speed. However, the iron ore trains consisting of GDE-type wagons that operate on the EFVM perform this operation at 60 km/h, which is 5 km/h less than the maximum speed allowed under normal operating conditions. Thus, the brakes need to be applied over a long distance before the turnout in order to reduce the speed. A number of field tests were conducted in order to determine the actual maximum safe speed for traffic on a crossover (or turnout). This paper presents the results of computer simulations using NUCARS®. The GDE wagons and the characteristics of the track geometry were modeled. Several cases were simulated, with variations of parameters of the wagons, such as side bearing clearance and wheel profile. The results of the computer simulations were compared to the results from the field tests. Good correlation was found between them, indicating that the maximum speed of the GDE wagons running on the turnout might be open to review.


Purpose:  The object of this analysis is to investigate empirically the determinants of the audit selection by local or Non-local Auditor (NLA) and their effect on companies listed on the Tehran Bourses.

Theoretical framework: The selection of an independent auditor is influenced by numerous factors. The agency theory predicts that when firm size, debt leverage, and staff compensation costs rise, the likelihood of electing a qualified volunteer auditor in the ordinary general assembly will as well (Hassas Yeganeh & Heidari, 2008).

Design/methodology/approach:  The study seeks to examine whether local or NLA are chosen in companies mentioned on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The research sample contains 108 companies listed on the Tehran Bourses between 2013 and 2019.

Findings:  The findings show that the probability of contracting with a NLA decline to a considerable degree if there is a rise in the number of local auditor (LA) regardless of auditor rating. Also, the likelihood of choosing a NLA is lower for high-quality financial reporting companies. Besides, if a NLA is selected, audit fees (AF) are likely to be reduced.

Research, Practical & Social implications: Independence is a determinant of employment for central and non-local auditors. The studies focus on auditor independence, which non-local auditors may not have when compared to local auditors in companies in which the government contributes to financing part of its capital.

Originality/value:  The research adds to the literature on corporate governance by emphasizing that Board oversight is not a good alternative to auditor monitoring of Financial Statements (FS) credibility and indicates that an auditor may have licensing criteria.


ABSTRACT: New mathematical models are formulated and analytical solutions are presented for the diffusional release of a solute from both non‐erodible and biodegradable multi‐layered slab matrices in which the initial drug loading c0 is greater than the solubility limit cs. A Stefan problem with moving boundaries results from this formulation. An inward moving diffusional front separates the reservoir (unextracted region) containing the undissolved drug from the partially extracted region. The cumulative mass released is determined as a function of time. The ultimate goal of such an investigation is to provide a reliable design tool for the fabrication of specialized implantable capsule/drug combinations to deliver prespecified and reproducible dosages over a wide spectrum of conditions and required durations of therapeutic treatment. Such a mathematical/computational tool may also prove effective in the prediction of suitable dosages for other drugs of differing chemical or molecular properties without additional elaborate animal testing.


Existing exact results for the percolation probability and mean cluster size for compact percolation near a dry wall are extended to the mean cluster length and the mean number of contacts with the wall. The results are derived from our previous work on vesicles near an attractive wall and involve elliptic integrals as opposed to the simple rational forms found for the percolation probability and cluster size below . The results for the cluster length satisfy previously conjectured differential equations. A closed expression is conjectured for the mean size above in terms of a hypergeometric function.


Most signals can be represented sparsely in a basis. Recently, Compressive Sensing Theorem which offers convex optimization algorithms based on ℓ1-minimization for sparse signal recovery is often being used. In this paper, some of the iterative signal recovery algorithms alternative to ℓ1-minimization solution which are Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit (CoSaMP), Iterative Hard Thresholding (IHT) and Lipschitz Iterative Hard Theresholding (LIHT) are compared in noisy and noiseless conditions with various tests. Iterative algorithms alternative to the ℓ1 optimization method with similar performance are verified. OMP algorithm that works at higher true reconstruction rates in noisy and noiseless conditions can be preferred instead of convex optimization methods.


This paper aims to explore the relationship between human resource management practices and employee performance in Malaysian private university. This paper proposed networking behavior as mediator between HRM-employee performance linkages. To develop this conceptual model, the paper reviews previous literature on HRM, networking behavior and employee performance. This paper proposes a theoretical model of HRM-employee performance linkage with networking behavior as mediator that will better explain the relationships. It argues that HRM practices namely as recruitment and selection practices, and compensation and benefits practices may influence employee's networking behavior and their performance. At the same time, networking behavior would also affect employee performance. Each of these variables is explored and looking for possibility on the role of networking behavior as mediator. Two hundred and forty-two usable questionnaires are collected to empirically test the hypothesis using IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software and Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) version 3. This paper concludes that recruitment and selection practices, and networking behaviour have significant relationship towards employee performance. Furthermore, networking behavior did not mediate the relationships between recruitment and selection practices, and compensation and benefits practices on employee performance. Therefore, these results should assist organization in providing insight towards managing employees of Malaysian private universities.


Gas transport of helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, argon, nitrogen, and methane in three soluble poly(phenylene sulfone imide)s based on 2,2-bis(3,4- decarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) has been investigated. The effects of increasing length of well-defined oligo(phenylene sulfone) units on the gas permeabilities and diffusivities were determined and correlated with chain packing of the polymers. Activation energies of diffusion and permeation were calculated from temperature-dependent time-lag measurements. The influences of the central group in the diamine moiety of 6FDA-based polyimides on physical and gas transport properties are discussed. The incorporation of a long oligo(phenylene sulfone) segment in the polymer backbone decreases gas permeability and permselectivity simultaneously. The decreases in permeability coefficients can be mainly related to decreases in diffusion coefficients. Changing the central group of diamine moiety from {S{ to {SO2{ leads to a 45-50% decrease in CO2 and O2 permeabilities without appreciable increase in the selectivities. This is considered to be due to the formation of charge transfer complexes. q 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1855-1868, 1997


ABSTRACT Currently a debate exists about whether the reduced growth of macrophytes with increased nitrogen loading in shallow ecosystems is determined by ecological or physiological factors. To discover whether nitrate in the water is detrimental per se to charophytes, we subjected Chara hispida and Chara vulgaris specimens, collected from two habitats greatly differing in nitrate concentrations (1.5 and 10 mg NO3-N/L, annual means), to a wide nitrate range (0.5–50 mg NO3-N/L) in two experiments (with free-floating specimens using nitrate as the sole N source, and with planted specimens, with other N sources in sediment). Charophytes grew both unplanted and planted in all treatments, and growth reductions occurred at the highest concentration in all cases. Some charophyte responses when faced with nitrate increases were different depending on (i) the species and (ii) population origin. Under the most realistic situation, the growth of both planted C. vulgaris populations was higher than that of C. hispida populations. C. vulgaris specimens from the nitrate-rich waterbody adapted best to the highest nitrate concentrations when they grew floating. Despite charophytes being vital and growing under high-nitrate concentrations in short-term laboratory experiments, such a situation in the environment may eventually not be sustainable, since ecological factors act in the field.


In ancient Egypt, both textual and archaeological sources point to a tie between sleep and death. This connection takes different shapes such as the usage of beds and headrests in burials, the role of the sun in beliefs about the afterlife and the linkage between the netherworld and the world of dreams. It is argued here that the complementary conceptual metaphors death is sleep and awakening is resurrection allow for a unitary explanation of these observations. The theoretical background of conceptual metaphor and conceptual blending offers a useful approach to elucidate past imaginations due to its grounding in embodied realism. By recognizing material and multimodal metaphors in Egyptians burial customs, the infusion of magical agency into funerary rituals can be better understood. Especially the headrest acquired a reputation as an aid in entering the afterlife through a conflation of several layers of symbolism, thereby touching upon the mental, bodily and social aspect of religion.


Quiescent supply current (IDDQ) testing is a useful test method for CMOS circuit and can be combined with functional testing to reduce total test time and increase reliability. This paper designed a high-performance built-in current sensor (HP-BICS) for Iddq testing applications. The proposed HP-BICS can attain small detection time and low power dissipation for ensuring the reliability and reducing the impact of the circuit under test (CUT) during testing. Simulation results show that the proposed HP-BICS has a much performance improvement compared with the previous works.


Common environmental-based diseases are often a problem of diarrhea, ARI, and hepatitis caused by an unhealthy environment, including in the canteen environment of the 47 Telanaipura Jambi Primary School. This study aims to determine the Germ Number in eating utensils and how to wash eating utensils in the cafeteria of SDN 47 Telanaipura, Jambi City. This research method uses descriptive design, namely research carried out to describe a situation without giving treatment to the object that aims to study canteen sanitation and the number of germs on eating utensils in the cafeteria SDN No. 47 Jambi City. Analyzing data uni variat and presented in table form then analyzed descriptively and laboratory tests. The results of the research on Germination Figures in Eating Appliances in the SDN 47 Canteen obtained 40% more than the permissible germination rate of 100 colonies / cm² and Washing of food in SDN 47 Telanaipura Jambi had used the recommended washing technique using flowing water. It is suggested that the canteen sword does not use plastic plates, paying attention to the means of storing cutlery and the school is expected to facilitate the provision of closed storage cabinets.


Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbon widely distributed in the environment. In animal testing, HCB has been shown to be a reproductive toxin. Previous investigations of the effects of HCB on ovarian function have yielded equivocal results. Thus, the effects of chronic administration of HCB (1 g kg−1 body wt.) on the ovary and pituitary hormone levels, hepatic and uterine oestradiol receptors, ovarian histopathological changes and oestrus cycle characteristics were investigated in spontaneously cycling rats. Our data demonstrate that HCB treatment, under the conditions of the present study, reduced circulating levels of oestradiol and prolactin without differences in serum concentrations of progesterone. Follicle‐stimulating hormone serum levels were elevated. Hexachlorobenzene treatment resulted in irregularity of cycles, characterized mainly as prolonged periods of oestrus with a reduced number of ova recovered.


In stations, airports and other places, contraband detection faces many problems such as false positives, omissions and slow detection speed caused by object background interference and human factors. This paper proposes an improved network based on YOLO-lightweight. The attention mechanism module is embedded in the backbone network, focusing on the important features from different channels. CBAM-FPN (Convolution Block Attention Module and Feature Pyramid Networks) structure is adopted in the network neck to reduce the loss of network features. Attention mechanism module is added in the bottom-up feature fusion process. Finally, CIOU is used as the edge optimization loss function to accelerate the network convergence and optimize the network model. Compared with YOLOv4-tiny, the precision is improved by 3.8%, reaching 87.5%. The detection speed reaches 60.3fps. The improved network only occupies 23.4M memory, which is convenient for embedding mobile devices. The improved network meets the real-time detection requirements.


This is a research thesis for the degree of PhD in Nursing of the University of Nairobi. The study was conducted in the city of Nairobi at two study sites that provide institutionalized care for psychoactive substance dependent patients. The aim of the study was to innovate and implement/ test a nursing intervention model for the care of institutionalized psychoactive substance dependent patients. The study was started in 2009 and ended in 2011.


Abstract Trinity College, Dublin, MS 1209/12, dates from 1599 and consists of a single parchment sheet, measuring 360 X 292 mm, in ink and wash, the colours being principally green, to a lesser extent blue, yellow-brown and reddish pink. It is one of a collection of Irish maps and plans of different kinds and varying provenances assembled by George Carew, who was to become lord president of Munster in the following year. In its account of a military encounter between forces of the English crown and Irish rebels the manuscript immediately strikes us by its combination of image and word, description and narration. At once a historical document, a legal deposition and a personal record, it arises out of one man's involvement in a national event. For the engagement which its creator portrays, and in which he played a part, falls within one of the most turbulent passages in the history of the relationship between the peoples of the islands of Ireland and Britain. My purpose is to examine the complex interaction between the graphic and verbal, narrative and descriptive modes in the document, as well as the interplay between personal interest and the military and political background to the events portrayed.


This study focused on the chemical preparation of g-C 3 N 4 and nancomposite of polypyrrole (PPy) g-C 3 N 4 (PPy/g-C 3 N 4 ) and characterization of structural, electrochemical and optical properties, as well as photocatalytic applicability for the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT), an emerging organosulfur pollutant from oil field wastewater under exposure to sunlight. Analyses of photocatalyst structure and morphology revealed that the structures of PPy/g-C 3 N 4 photocatalysts contained amorphous PPy nanoparticles that were decorated on the massive 2D sheet-like structure with numerous breakages and pores on the g-C 3 N 4 sheet surface. Optical analyses revealed that the optical band gap values of g-C 3 N 4 and PPy/g-C 3 N 4 photocatalysts were determined to be ∼ 2.64 and ∼ 2.29 eV, respectively. This indicated a decrease in the optical band gap of PPy/g-C 3 N 4 toward g-C 3 N 4 , which enhanced the photocatalytic activity of PPy/g-C 3 N 4 in the visible light region. Because of the smaller particle size of PPy decorated on the g-C 3 N 4 sheet-like structure, electrochemical studies revealed that the synergistic effect between PPy and g-C 3 N 4 can effectively improve electrochemical properties and increase electron transfer rate. Photocatalytic removal studies revealed that total DBT treatment was obtained for g-C 3 N 4 and PPy/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite after 125 and 90 minutes of sunlight exposure, respectively. These findings reflect the fast photocatalytic treatment rate of DBT in the presence of PPy/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite toward g-C 3 N 4 and other reported photocatalysts in the literature. The practical photocatalytic degradation capability of PPy/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite was examined for the treatment of real oilfield wastewater and the results showed the effectual photocatalytic performance of PPy/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite for the treatment of DBT in genuine oilfield wastewater.


Over the past two decades, Haiti was struck by 30 storm events and 40 floods, affecting over 3.5 million people. Being the poorest country in the Northern hemisphere, it is unable to allocate funds to risk assessment and management. Therefore, this research developed a low‐cost methodology to analyse flood risk in data‐sparse regions. The floodplain of the river Moustiques was chosen as study area. First, a methodology was developed and input data were gathered from existing data, literature, field data, and open source data. Then, a flood risk assessment was performed for the area. The resulting economic risk map and social risk map indicate that the region is at risk for nearly 2 million USD and has potentially 60 casualties per year. Although the assessment was performed as a quantitative analysis, the resulting maps should be interpreted qualitatively, as the values could not be validated. Nonetheless, the results clearly indicate the high‐risk areas where measures should be taken. Furthermore, this research shows the potential of citizen science, in the form of a questionnaire survey conducted in the floodplain. This low‐cost and fast acquisition method provided many different input data for flood risk assessment, from population data to damage factors and validation information on historic flooding.


. We study the asymmetric primordial fluctuations in a model of inflation in which translational invariance is broken by a domain wall. We calculate the corrections to the power spectrum of curvature perturbations; they are anisotropic and contain dipole, quadrupole, and higher multipoles with non-trivial scale-dependent amplitudes. Inspired by observations of these multipole asymmetries in terms of two-point correlations and variance in real space, we demonstrate that this model can explain the observed anomalous power asymmetry of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) sky, including its characteristic feature that the dipole dominates over higher multipoles. We test the viability of the model and place approximate constraints on its parameters by using observational values of dipole, quadrupole, and octopole amplitudes of the asymmetry measured by a local-variance estimator. We find that a configuration of the model in which the CMB sphere does not intersect the domain wall during inflation provides a good fit to the data. We further derive analytic expressions for the corrections to the CMB temperature covariance matrix, or angular power spectra, which can be used in future statistical analysis of the model in spherical harmonic space.


We calculate models of stellar evolution for very massive stars and include the effects of modified gravity to investigate the influence on the physical properties of blue supergiant stars and their use as extragalactic distance indicators. With shielding and fifth force parameters in a similar range as those in previous studies of Cepheid and tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) stars, we find clear effects on stellar luminosity and flux-weighted gravity. The relationship between flux-weighted gravity, g F ≡ g/ , and bolometric magnitude M bol, which has been used successfully for accurate distance determinations, is systematically affected. While the stellar evolution of flux-weighted gravity–luminosity relationships (FGLRs) show a systematic offset from the observed relation, we can use the differential shifts between models with Newtonian and modified gravity to estimate the influence on FGLR distance determinations. Modified gravity leads to an increase in distance of 0.05–0.15 magnitudes in distance modulus. These changes are comparable to the ones found for Cepheid stars. We compare observed FGLR and TRGB distances of nine galaxies to constrain the free parameters of modified gravity. Not accounting for systematic differences between TRGB and FGLR distances shielding parameters of 5 × 10−7 and 10−6 and fifth force parameters of 1/3 and 1 can be ruled out with about 90% confidence. Allowing for potential systematic offsets between TRGB and FGLR distances no determination is possible for a shielding parameter of 10−6. For 5 × 10−7 a fifth force parameter of 1 can be ruled out to 92% but 1/3 is unlikely only to 60%.


Three polymorphs of the title compound, C15H12N2O2, were obtained accidentally as single crystals in the hydrothermal reaction of the title compound with manganese bromide in the presence of N,N′-dimethylformamide at 373 K. Here we report the structure of the first polymorph. The benzimidazole ring is almost planar, the maximum deviation from the mean plane being 0.016 (1) Å. The benzimidazole and benzene rings are approximately perpendicular, making a dihedral angle 85.56 (7)°, which is a reflection of the axial rotation of the flexible benzimidazolyl arm. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are connected through O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a chain along [100], and neighboring chains are further linked by via weak C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions, forming a two-dimensional network.


We address the dynamics of damped collective modes in terms of first and second moments. The modes are introduced in a self-consistent fashion with the help of a suitable application of linear response theory. Quantum effects in the fluctuations are governed by diffusion coefficients D_{\mu\nu}. The latter are obtained through a fluctuation dissipation theorem generalized to allow for a treatment of unstable modes. Numerical evaluations of the D_{\mu\nu} are presented. We discuss briefly how this picture may be used to describe global motion within a locally harmonic approximation.


THE RESiDEnT pERSpECTiVE " Hey, do you want to hang out this weekend? " " Ummm … let me see if I'm on call … " This is a conversation every resident goes through almost every month of their training. Despite work hour regulations, overnight calls and weekend calls define and shape our life. Every family event, birthday, and anniversary has to be adjusted around the work schedule. Weekends are traditionally seen as family time. Not so much during residency. At the start of residency, every intern is promised that with work hour regulations now in effect (1), more time can be spent at home with family. Little do they realize that they make up for the reduced duty hours by working more weekends. Even with compensatory time, family time is unlikely to be recovered (2). I got married just before starting my residency. At the time, I did not realize how much the residency would come in the way of my personal life. However, on my days off, I found myself catching up on lost sleep and regaining the strength to survive another day. Just like most other chronically sleep-deprived residents (3), even when I woke up, I was grumpy and irritable (4). Let us just say my wife was not amused. Starting the second year of residency was a scary thought not just in terms of increased responsibility , but also because it posed the physical challenge of working for 24 h straight. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) encourages residents to take a " strategic nap " during these shifts, which made me think it should not be as bad as I thought. And it was not. A 60–90-min nap seemed sufficient to keep me going for 24 h. However, during my pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) rotation, the same strategy did not work. " Strategic naps " were now only 10 min cat naps on a chair. Like with any ICU rotation, there were highs and lows. Although it was a roller-coaster ride, I thoroughly enjoyed the rotation. The challenge of taking care of the sickest children in the hospital and the immediate gratification of curing someone kept me going. While I was engrossed in the sustained chaos in the ICU, I was disconnected from the outside world. For those 4 weeks, I was solely driven by my passion to take care of acutely …


The analysis of the different methods of tail gas cleanup has been performed at the sulfur production by the Claus units. As well as the main directions of improving the quality of cleanup have been considered and proved, primarily from the point of view of improving the environmental performance of the process.


With the onset of the fourth industrial revolution, technology has become a decisive part of human lives, and is used to speed up the processes of individuals and firms. The connected life employing the internet such as the adoption of e-commerce, which is an innovative technology adoption by firms as part of their business strategies is also one of the elements in the fourth industrial revolution, The successful innovative adoption is a critical task for any company and therefore, during the past few decades, the researchers have applied a few technological adoption models for their studies at the firm level.This paper aims to find-out the technological adoption models which were adopted by the researchers during the recent past for their technology adoption studies at a firm-level, especially on e-commerce adoption and implementation. Hence, this study focused on 50 empirical studies related to the technology adoption in different contexts within the past ten years and identified TOE and DOI theories, which are mostly applied or adopted by the researchers.


This research addressed the key area of early career teacher education and aimed to explore the use of a 'Content Representation' (CoRe) as a planning tool to develop early career secondary teacher Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). This study was situated in the subject areas of science and technology, in which sound teacher knowledge is important to student engagement. The study was designed to examine whether such a tool (CoRe), co-designed by an early career teacher with expert content and pedagogy specialists, can enhance the PCK of early career science and technology secondary teachers. The research design incorporated a unique partnership between expert classroom teachers, content experts, early career teachers, and researchers experienced in science and technology education. This paper will present an analysis of CoRe development and the effect that had on the early career teacher's PCK. In addition, as the same tools and methodology were applied to both a science and a technology teaching context, differences between the two areas became clear. This paper will elaborate and discuss the differences which arose as a result of the development of the CoRe's and an analysis of PCK differences in science and technology. Introduction Research has shown that one of the factors that enables effective teachers is their rich pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), a special blend of content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge that is built up over time and experience. This form of professional knowledge, first theorized by Shulman (1987), is topic-specific, unique to each teacher, and can only be gained through teaching practice. The academic construct of PCK is recognition that teaching is not simply the transmission of concepts and skills from teacher to students but rather a complex and problematic activity that requires many and varied "on the spot" decisions and responses to students' ongoing learning needs. While much has been written about the nature of PCK since Shulman first introduced the concept in 1987, and its elusive characteristics have led to much debate, there are still gaps in our knowledge about teacher development of PCK. However, the work of Magnusson, Krajcik and Borko (1999) is helpful in clarifying this special form of a teacher's professional knowledge by proposing that PCK is made up of five components. In their view, an experienced teacher's PCK encompasses his/her:


Provided is an anti-thunder tension insulator which can be used for 10-35 kV overhead distribution lines, and can guide thunder voltage, and prevent lightning stroke tripping, lightning stroke broken lines, and damaged insulator arc-over. The anti-thunder tension insulator is advantaged in that insulator umbrella skirts are sleeved outside an insulator mandril, a short double-ear fitting and a long double-ear fitting are respectively disposed on a left end and a right end of the insulator umbrella skirts in a press fitting manner, and a short anti-thunder starting rod and a long anti-thunder starting rod are respectively disposed on corresponding positions of the short fitting and the long fitting. The short and long anti-thunder starting rods are positioned by pressing blocks and fastened by screw joint, so that a fixed anti-thunder gap is formed between the short anti-thunder starting rod and the long anti-thunder starting rod, and the anti-thunder gap is used as a lightning flashover channel and an arc discharge channel. In lightning, arc root of power frequency arc or unidirectional short circuit current is prevented from flowing to the insulator and leads, thereby preventing burning the insulator umbrella skirts and burning out the leads. The charged long starting rod is covered by an insulating shield to improve security. The anti-thunder tension insulator can be suspended by horizontally tensioning or suspended by vertically tensioning on an overhead distribution line. The device is simple in structure, and is convenient and reliable in installation and construction.


Abstract Volatile compounds like higher alcohols and esters contribute to beer's organoleptic profile. Most of these compounds are produced during alcoholic fermentation and operating conditions play an important role on their formation. In this study, a multicriteria optimization method, the Rough Set Method (RSM), is successfully used to determine the optimal region of fermentation conditions (temperature, pressure and initial yeast concentration) with respect to a specified beer aroma profile.


Justice is an eternal theme in human society,and so many people have made much contribution to the consideration of this theme.Ci Ji-wei,who authored the book of "The Two Sides of Justice",showed us a peculiar appearance about justice based on his own perspective of reasoning.We can be enlightened not only from its views of justice,but also the distinctive way of argumentation and analysis.


BACKGROUND
The study aimed to develop a new formulation based on active substances of natural origin to protect plant seedlings against fungal pathogens and to evaluate its effect on fungal communities in arable soil.

RESULTS
p-CA showed the best antifungal activity. Coating seeds of common crop plants with p-CA-based preparation resulted in a significant reduction of growth of most of the tested pathogens. When applied to soil, both p-CA-based formulation, and Porter 250 EC had a similar overall effect on soil fungal communities and significantly altered the structure of fungal communities at any of the times examined. Shifts in the fungal community composition concerned less than 2 % of the total number of ASVs. The strongest impact of the formulations on soil microbiota was recorded at the fourth week of treatment. Two ASVs assigned to Botrytis and Chromelosporium known as plant pathogens, as well as unidentified ASV from Diversisporales encompassing the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), were significantly depleted in soil samples treated with p-CA compared to Porter 250 EC.

CONCLUSION
p-CA-based preparation has the potential to be used as an alternative to synthetic fungicides. It shows a similar effect on the organization of soil communities determining changes in the character of the communities of fungi in general as compared to PORTER 250 EC at a given time. Moreover, p-CA caused a reduction of ASVs belonging to Botrytis and Chromelosporium (plant pathogens) and ASVs of Diversisporales (containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) compared to the analyzed commercial compound. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


At first, no one took them seriously. In 1991, Rafael Radi, Joseph Beckman, Kenneth Bush, and Bruce Freeman published a paper in the Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC) demonstrating that a molecule called peroxynitrite, the product of a reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide radicals, selectively attacked sulfhydryls in proteins. "Nobody believed much of any of it," recalls Beckman at Oregon State University. "It was considered an unproven theory. I was surprised we even got the paper accepted in JBC." Today, "Peroxynitrite Oxidation of Sulfhydryls" is recognized as a JBC Classic. The paper has been cited in the scientific literature more than 2100 times. Until 1990, the chemistries of nitric oxide and oxygen radicals were thought to be unrelated. Nitric oxide was known to physiologists as the molecular radical that caused vasodilation, played a role in neurotransmission, and killed invasive pathogens. The chemistry of superoxide and other oxygen radicals fell under the purview of biochemists interested in the damage wreaked by these reactive entities. Neither group considered that their radical of interest had anything to do with the other. That view was challenged in 1990 with a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), with Beckman as the first author and Freeman as the corresponding author. At that time, the group was at the University of Alabama in Birmingham. Freeman held a faculty position. Beckman was a tenure-track assistant professor who had done a postdoctoral fellowship with Freeman. In the PNAS paper, the authors described how nitric oxide reacted with superoxide to form peroxynitrite. "We proposed that nitric oxide was toxic because it reacted with superoxide to form peroxynitrite," explains Beckman. Radi, who had joined the Freeman group as a postdoctoral fellow, had been working on oxygen radicals at the Universidad de la República in Uruguay (he later returned to the institution as a principal investigator). For the JBC paper, he and Beckman analyzed the reaction kinetics of peroxynitrite with bovine serum albumin and cysteine and discovered that peroxynitrite was capable of directly oxidizing sulfhydryls, much more so than hydrogen peroxide. "This completely opened a new paradigm of oxygen-radical-dependent toxicity by means of the cross-talk with the nitric oxide pathway," says Radi. Bush, the third author on the paper, was a research technician who later became a lawyer. Radi says he and Beckman found inspiration from Clint Eastwood's movie "The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly." It was unthinkable to physiologists that nitric oxide could "be converted in such a nasty molecule just because of the reaction with superoxide," says Radi. "Nitric oxide was the good guy; superoxide, the bad; and peroxynitrite, the ugly." These days, peroxynitrite is recognized as an oxidant and nucleophile that can attack mitochondria and lead to cell death by a slew of oxidation and nitration reactions. Radi explains that peroxynitrite has a dual personality. It can be "liberated by our immune cells to The original proposed mechanisms of oxygen-radical-mediated cytotoxicity. NX, a yet unidentified nitrogen-containing species; CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase. THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Vol. 290, No. 52, Issue of December 25, p. 30726–30727, 2015 © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Printed in U.S.A.


Prior to 1963, it was commonly accepted that each state had plenary power to promulgate its own qualifying rules for the admission to and the conduct of law practice.' However, in 1963 the United States Supreme Court, in NAACP v. Button,2 held unconstitutional a state decree which banned the practice of the NAACP requiring persons assisted by that organization to retain NAACP attorneys. A year later the Court held, inter alia, in Brotherhood of R.R. Trainmen v. Virginia ex rel Virginia State Bar,3 that a state's power to regulate the practice of law is not without constitutional limitations. "Substantive due process, for example, requires a rational connection between any requirement for admission to the bar and an applicant's fitness or capacity to practice law."' A state's plenary power over the practice of law, however, has been retained in at least one significant area: a state may restrict trial appearances by non-resident attorneys.' While states usually permit an attorney licensed in another jurisdiction to appear in individual cases in their courts, such appearances are often subject to the discretion of state trial courts. Because the rules governing these pro hac vice 6 appearances and the discretion accorded the trial courts vary from case to


High quality GaN and AlxGa1−xN films have been grown by reactive crossed-beam pulsed laser deposition at 248 nm (KrF) using liquid Al–Ga alloy targets and a synchronous gas pulse on 7×7 reconstructed Si(111) substrates. The growth kinetics and their effect on the optical properties were studied in detail. The growth rates were lower and the optical properties were superior for GaN films grown with N2 than when NH3 was used as the nitriding source. The ratio of Ga to Al in the alloy was reproduced in AlxGa1−xN films when using NH3, but was in general lower when using N2. These findings can be explained by the lower reaction rate of Ga with N2 and the high vapor pressure of Ga at the adopted substrate temperatures.


Background: Parents have a tremendous effect on adolescents' emotional and behavioural wellbeing. The importance of effective parental involvement in adolescents' health is evident in numerous literatures, however there are inadequate studies that focus on the relationship between helicopter parenting and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of NSSI behaviour and to examine the relationship between helicopter parenting and NSSI among adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional study consisted of 242 secondary school students (70.2% female and 29.7% male), aged between 13 to 16 years old (Mage 14.42 SD=2.12) who completed the helicopter parenting and NSSI questionnaires. The respondents of this study were selected using a convenience sampling method from two secondary schools located in the Kulim district of Kedah, Malaysia. Findings: The results revealed that 81 (33.2%) out of 242 respondents reported having been involved in at least one incidence of NSSI in the previous 12 months, whereof banging the head is a frequent method of NSSI. Females reportedly engaged in a higher frequency of NSSI behaviour (M=13.42, SD=4.32) compared to males (M=12.68, SD=2.43). Besides this, the results also revealed significant relationship between helicopter parenting and NSSI behaviour among adolescents. Conclusion: The findings highlight that parents' behaviour continuously determined the emotional and behavioural well-being of adolescents and more research is warranted to establish a greater degree of accuracy on this matter.


Amphibian skin is a rich source of biologically active compounds, such as amines, complex alkaloids or peptides and proteins which are produced by holocrine-type serous glands, where they are stored and released upon stimulation. In particular, a high number of gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides have been isolated and characterised from amphibian skin secretions, containing 10-50 amino acid residues. Several of these peptides are characterised by post-translational modifications, such as amidation at the C-terminal end or isomerization of an L-amino acid to the corresponding D-isomer. Here, the structural and functional properties of amphibian antimicrobial peptides, as well as the mechanisms regulating their synthesis are reviewed.


Estimates are that land area occupied by grass pasture far exceeds that of other crops; at least half are at some stage of degradation. The use of elite plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) as inoculants represents an important strategy to achieve qualitative and quantitative improvements in forage biomass, increasing the productivity and sustainability of livestock production. Several studies have reported the benefits of PGPM in grass pastures, with an emphasis on bacteria of the genera Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, rhizobia, and on arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF). The main grasses studied are Urocholoa (syn. Brachiaria), Megathyrsus (syn. Panicum), Paspalum, Cynodon, and Agropyron. Several microbial processes associated with improvements in root and shoot growth, nutrient content in biomass, and other benefits have been described. Promotion of plant growth has been associated with the synthesis of phytohormones and enzymes regulating several steps of plant development, nutrient mineralization by release of microbial molecules, biological nitrogen fixation, nutrient uptake facilitation by means of molecules such as exopolysaccharides, amongst others. Outstanding benefits of increased root growth, resulting in higher uptake of water and nutrients, either by phytohormones released by bacteria or by expanding root surface by AMF, have been reported. Biocontrol is another important property of PGPM, by a variety of mechanisms, including the synthesis of antimicrobial molecules, lytic enzymes, siderophores, and the release of specific inhibitory compounds such as hydrogen cyanide. Although improvements in forage management can enhance microbial performance, as shown for AMF, in general, inoculation with elite strains positively impacts growth parameters. Globally, the use of microbial inoculants has significantly increased in the past few years, but their application is still modest on grass pastures, which are generally degraded and would need special use of microbial inoculants for reclamation. Efforts towards increasing the use of PGPM in pastures can have deep positive environmental, economic, and social impacts worldwide.


The Natural Language for Optimization (NL4Opt) Competition was created to investigate methods of extracting the meaning and formulation of an optimization problem based on its text description. Specifically, the goal of the competition is to increase the accessibility and usability of optimization solvers by allowing non-experts to interface with them using natural language. We separate this challenging goal into two sub-tasks: (1) recognize and label the semantic entities that correspond to the components of the optimization problem; (2) generate a meaning representation (i.e., a logical form) of the problem from its detected problem entities. The first task aims to reduce ambiguity by detecting and tagging the entities of the optimization problems. The second task creates an intermediate representation of the linear programming (LP) problem that is converted into a format that can be used by commercial solvers. In this report, we present the LP word problem dataset and shared tasks for the NeurIPS 2022 competition. Furthermore, we investigate and compare the performance of the ChatGPT large language model against the winning solutions. Through this competition, we hope to bring interest towards the development of novel machine learning applications and datasets for optimization modeling.


Normalized design curves useful in constructing broadband, 4-to-1 impedance matching, transmission line transformers of predictable performance are presented. Insertion loss plus the magnitude and phase angle of input impedance as functions of the length and characteristic impedance of the transmission line are included. Measurements demonstrate close agreement between measured and calculated performance.


Objective To explore value of digital subtraction CT angiography (DSCTA) and CT perfusion imaging (CTPI) to assessment of the curative effects of the extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass (EIAB) on some cerebrovascular diseases.Methods EIAB surgery was performed in 18 patients,of whom,14 suffered from Moyamoya disease,2 huge intracranial aneurysms,1 internal carotid artery aneurysm accompanied with cerebral infarction and 1 occlusion of middle cerebral artery after the surgery for anterior communicating artery aneurysm.DSCTA was performed after EIAB in 9 patients and CTPI was performed before and after EIAB in 13 patients,in whom,4 still received DSCTA examinations after EIAB.Results There was abnormal cerebral perfusion before EIAB in 13 patients.The blood supply to the brain was significantly improved after EIAB surgery in 8 patients compared to before the EIAB.The improvement of the blood supply to the brain included the decrease in the cerebral hypoperfusion area,hyperperfusion in some cerebral regions around the bypass,increase in cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow and shortened mean transmitting time.There was no remarkable change in the blood supply to the brain after EIAB in 3 patients.The blood supply to the brain decrease after EIAB in 2 patients.The postoperative DSCTA showed that 7 anastomosed vessels were clear and 3 were occluded after the surgery.The anastomosed vessels and the site,size or width of anastomosis mouth could be well shown by DSCTA.The anastomosed arteries and the anastomosis mouths could be shown well by multiplane recombination (MPR) and bone removal volume rendering reconstruction.MRP was more helpful to measuring the width of anastomosis mouth.Conclusion DSCTA combined with CTPI can noninvasively assess the early curative effect of EIAB on the some cerebrovascular disease and it may be clinically applied.


The purpose of this study is to examine how selected stories, which are written in Turkish by local or foreign authors for preschoolers, deal with honesty. In this basic interpretive qualitative study, data were collected through document analysis and analyzed through content analysis. Analyzed documents are twenty-one picture books, which written in Turkish for preschoolers published between 2004 and 2015, nine stories about honesty published online by four Turkish Provincial Directorates of National Education and one story about honesty published online by the Center for Values Education. The software NVivo 11 was used to conduct computer-assisted data analysis. The results of this study demonstrate that most of the analyzed texts use "dishonesty and its negative consequences" more than "honesty and its positive outcomes" to promote honesty.


The main purpose of this study is to examine the possible relationships between academic locus of control, positive thinking skills and grit in high school students. The participants of the research are composed of 288 adolescents continuing their high school education from 4 different schools in Agri, Turkey which were selected with convenient sampling. 168 of the participants are male and 120 are female students. Pearson's moment correlation analysis was used for determining relations among variables, and multiple regression analysis was used to determine the regression coefficient of the variables on each other. Parametric tests were used, because the data showed a normal distribution. p <.01 significance level criteria were taken. According to the findings, positive correlation between internal academic locus of control and positive thinking skills was found (r=.54). A positive correlation was found between the internal academic locus of control and grit at (r=.58). A positive correlation was found between positive thinking skills and grit (r=.61). The internal academic locus of control, external academic locus of control and positive thinking skills explain the 50% of the grit's total variance. Based on this evidence, it can be said that the academic locus of control and positive thinking skills are important predictors for grit.


Four seedless watermelon cultivars Zhengkang Wuzi No. 5,Zhengkang Wuzi No. 6,Heiyuanshuai and Heijiangjun,were grafted to Lagenaria rootstock by using top-insertion and side-grafting methods to evaluate the quality of grafted seedling and their performance in the field. The results showed that grafting reduced Fusarium wilt incidence,severi-ty and mortality of plants due to disease. Grafted plants produced significantly higher yield of seedless watermelon. Side-grafting had better success rate and the grafted plants produced bigger fruit than those of top-insertion grafting. However,the fruit from top-insertion grafting had higher soluble solids. Grafted plants produced seedless fruit with similar flavor of those of non-grafted plants. Zhengkang Wuzi No. 5 and Zhengkang Wuzi No. 6 had better performance in the tests.


Describes and analyses an ultrasonic spatial locating system. Based on the transit time of a shock wave produced by a small electric spark, the position of one or more sparks can be determined with respect to a coordinate system. The coordinate system is formed by 3 linear electret microphones arranged orthogonally which detect the arrival of the wave front. A microcomputer is incorporated for system control and for calculating the spatial coordinates (X, Y, Z) from the measured transit times. In addition, the computer can be used to perform certain calibration and performance checks to maintain proper system operation. An analysis of the system indicates that it is possible to locate points within a cube 50 cm on a side with an accuracy of better than ±0.6 mm. The acoustic transit time and the ringing of the microphone determine how many samples per second may be taken. Data rates of about 100 per second are well within the capabilities of the system.


Successful application of directional perforation for sand management requires different geomechanical analysis and design tools to evaluate sand production probability, to quantify risk reduction and to establish practical operational criteria for safe and optimum production. It also requires new direction tools to ensure perforation accuracy. This paper reviews the developments of aeromechanics on in- situ stresses determination, critical bot tomhole pressure and sand production rate prediction, discusses new directional tools design and application in sand management. This paper puts forward an oriented perforating strategy for sand management. And oriented perforation can avoid the high cost; low productivity and operation complexity of gravel pack method and has broad potential in sand management.


This article presents a simple framework for understanding the impact of oil dependence on growth in terms of an optimal savings and investment strategy. Among the more important factors underlying this strategy is the extent to which oil price changes are temporary or permanent. This in turn determines whether a country should rely on stabilization and savings funds or the use of financial instruments to manage oil revenues or both. Country experiences with stabilization and savings funds are surveyed, and the case is presented for using financial instrument to manage oil price risk. Policy implications for enhancing the use of financial instruments are explored, including an exposed role for international financial institutions.


Rough set theory is a new mathematical tool to deal with vague and uncertain konwledge in applications. Attribute reduction is one of the important topics in the research on rongh set theory. This paper proposes fuzzy synthetic judgment based on attribute reduction. By using attribute reduction, the number of attribute in the attribute set of fuzzy synthetic judgment has decreased, so it can also simplify operations and cut down the resource of space and time.


Discussion: Experimental data and simulations show that the temporal resolution of the acquisition during the first pass bolus has an important impact on (Ktrans, ve) estimates in the lesions, even though the contrast uptake in the lesions occurs at a later time. The associated changes were quantitatively consistent between experimental data and simulation. Simulations show that an acquisition at 5 s resolution for the first 50 s provides accurate estimates of BBB permeability over the range of Ktrans encountered in MS enhancing lesions. Acquiring at a 32 s resolution throughout results in accurate Ktrans estimates in slowly enhancing lesions (Ktrans ≤ 0.02 min -1 ), but provides systematic overestimates at higher permeability values, up to 12% in the case illustrated in Figure 2. Acquisitions at a resolution of 64 s or lower, found in literature (5) , result in much poorer accuracy and precision, despite the gain in SNR. The "dual-temporal resolution" acquisition method therefore yielded encouraging results: good accuracy in BBB permeability estimates was achieved over a wide range of potential values, with no cost in terms of SNR and spatial resolution. The study is on-going and analysis in a larger pool of enhancing lesions should allow full experimental validation of the method.


From the point of view of semiotic dynamics language is an evolving complex dynamical system. In this perspective, unrevealing the mechanisms that allow for the birth of shared conventions is a major issue. Here we describe a very simple model in which agents negotiate conventions and reach a global agreement without any intervention from the outside. In particular we focus on the possibility of predicting on which of the several competing conventions the agreement is reached. We find from simulations that early created conventions are favored in the competition process and this advantage can be quantified. Beyond the specific results presented here, we think that this paper provides an example of a new way of investigating language features where simple models allow for the investigation of precise problems and, possibly, for analytical approaches.


Review of website John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Access: www.jfklibrary.org/ The site contains a wealth of information on John F. Kennedy as well as the times in which he lived.


This systematic review examines how studies of genomic medicine among critically ill infants measure and report the utility of genetic testing.


As society progresses and as technology improves and becomes ever more intricate and far reaching, the human species is confronted with increasingly diverse and numerous catastrophic events. Not so infrequently, unfortunately, the impact of either a man-made or natural disaster is compounded by the fact that policy makers have neither prepared themselves or the public to respond appropriately to a disaster once the tragedy has struck. Emergency management is the discipline and profession of applying science, technology, planning, and management to deal with extreme events that can injure or kill large numbers of people, cause extensive damage to property, and disrupt community life. When the primary function of government is to protect lives and property of citizens, emergency management should be included in the mainstream of public administration and many hazard counter-measures should be carried out for that purpose. In these contexts, this study analyzed the problems of emergency management system of the multi-utilization facilities fire model, with the case of Seomun market fire. And, this study suggest the establish ways and means needed to improve the emergency management system with the case of Seomun market fire.


The paper gives a brief introduction to the studies on translation of non-equivalence conducted at home and abroad.Based on these studies,it describes the strategies of translating those headwords that have no equivalents in the target language.They are the methods of transliteration with a super-ordinate,translation by an unmarked word with a label,translation by cultural substitution plus a label,and translation by illustration.


In Round Robin Scheduling, the time quantum is fixed and then processes are scheduled such that no process get CPU time more than one time quantum in one go. If time quantum is too large, the response time of the processes is too much which may not be tolerated in interactive environment. If time quantum is too small, it causes unnecessarily frequent context switch leading to more overheads resulting in less throughput. In this paper, a method using integer programming has been proposed to solve equations that decide a value that is neither too large nor too small such that every process has reasonable response time and the throughput of the system is not decreased due to unnecessarily context switches.


Factors influencing the construction control of large-span bridge are introduced as well as construction control method,control principle and practical construction method.Combined with practical work construction control result is presented,which shows the effectiveness of this method and ensure the satisfied completion and engineering quality of this large-span continuous rigid frame bridge.


Recent convolution neural networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable success in lightweight image super-resolution (LISR). The goal of LISR is to restore more accurate details with less model capacity. However, we observe two phenomena in current micro-architectures, one is the lack of consistent learning ability of high-frequency components, the other is large residual problem which does harm to the stability of residual learning. To tackle the two issues, we propose two strategies, namely global-guided attention strategy (GGAS) and channel-wise scaling strategy (CWSS), which can significantly improve the performance of the state-of-the-arts with negligible overheads.


INCREASING USE of the hospital during the years since the close of World War II has been accompanied by charges that much of this use is unnecessary, inappropriate, lavish and wasteful. These charges become more serious as hospital unit costs go up and as prepayment rates, which are compounded of costs and use, go up also. A certain amount of inefficiency and ineffectiveness exists in all human or-


The article is devoted to the study of sensors on the magnetoelectric materials, which are intended for operation in dc and ac circuits and senses the presence of alternating electromagnetic field and of the constant magnetic field. Sensors on the basis of the magnetoelectric materials may find wide application in scientific, medical and industrial appliances. In paper comparative analysis is given of various sensors of magnetic fields. The characteristics of the sensor on the basis of the glued laminated magnetoelectric composite consisting of piezoceramics of PZT and of magnetostriction material metglas. At a frequency of 200 Hz ratio aE reached 0.46 V∙cm-1∙Oe-1, at a frequency of 88.22 kHz at a frequency of resonance aE reached a value of 3.9 V∙cm-1∙Oe-1, for the composite sensor ratio aE reached the value of 1.28 V∙cm-1∙Oe-1 at a frequency of 200 Hz. The directions of the further work to improve the sensitivity of the magnetoelectric sensors shows in this paper.


A study is made of twinning, birefringence, specific heat, and structural characteristics of the elpasolites Rb 2 KInF 6 and Rb 2 KLuF 6 . A series of Fm3m→I4/m→P2 1 /n phase transitions is observed. A study is made of the effect of hydrostatic pressures and of the unit-cell volume on the stability of crystalline phases


This paper address the problem of automatically extracting qualia structures from the web via patterns in Italian. Qualia are treated as semantic relations, expressed by word patterns, between two entities. 400 examples of italian patterns expressing qualia are sampled and manually annotated in order to study the behaviour of the patterns and their suitability for qualia extraction. Features in the annotation schema include the position of the related entites with respect to the patterns, their informativeness and the minimum context window necessary to catch them. The results of this study are useful for designing experiments with wordspace models.


The Offner-Chrisp spectrometer is the preferred optical configuration in many spectroscopic imaging applications because it has several advantages over other similar instruments. Freeform surfaces enable imaginative optics by providing abundant degrees of freedom for an optical designer as compared to spherical surfaces, and offer many advantages in imaging application. An Offner-Chrisp imaging spectrometer with freeform surfaces is designed in this paper. The imaging spectrometer works at the wavelength range from 200 to 1500nm. The freeform surfaces are used to reduce the residual aberration over the large wavelength range and achieve a large flat field simultaneously. Different types of freeform surfaces are considered to evaluate their potential, e.g. anamorphic aspherical surface, X-Y polynomial surface and Zernike polynomial surface. Benefits from the freeform surfaces, the residual aberrations are well corrected, especially in the UV region and a flat field over the wide wavelength range is also obtained. The image quality is near diffraction limits. The smile and keystone are also well controlled <0.1μm.


Large-scale staged hydraulic fracturing stimulation technology is an effective method to increase shale oil and gas recovery. However, cracks will appear along with the cementing interface and expand under the drive of fluid while hydraulic fracturing, failing wellbore sealing. To solve this problem, the synchronous propagation model of hydraulic fractures and cementing interfacial cracks in hydraulic fracturing is established. The Newton iteration method and displacement discontinuity method are used to solve the propagation length of each fracture, and the effects of cement sheath parameters and fracture parameters on the interface failure range are studied. The results show that when multiple hydraulic fractures expand, the interfacial cracks are also affected by "stress shadow," offering an asymmetric expansion, and the cementing interfacial cracks in the area between hydraulic fractures are easier to expand. The failure range of interface between the hydraulic fractures expands rapidly if the cement elastic modulus increases from 5 GPa to 10 GPa; while the cement elastic modulus is higher than 10 GPa, the failure area is mainly affected by the number of hydraulic fractures; the failure range is not affected by the number of hydraulic fractures if the hydraulic fracture spacing is less than 10 m or more than 30 m; while the crack spacing is between 10 m and 30 m, the more the number of hydraulic fractures, the easier it is to cause the interface failure range to increase and connect. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of cement slurry systems and fracturing parameters.


Executive Summary This article presents the combined experience of two business professors who have developed and taught online graduate and undergraduate courses for more than four years. They have also used online course delivery in the corporate training environment. The article reviews the evolution of both online education and online corporate training up to 2003. The authors then present a series of ten recommendations based on their experience teaching nearly 100 online business courses since 1998, and suggest these lessons can be directly applied to the online corporate training world as well. Introduction For most of the 20th century, classroom-based instruction was the primary delivery mode for both university education and corporate training. This format was supplemented in corporations primarily by on-the-job training and in universities by a comparatively small number of correspondence courses. It was not until the late 1970s that the rubric of "distance education" began to show up regularly in the literature. At that time, a minority of universities began widespread experimentation with off-campus programs usually offered in classrooms at satellite locations. In the next decade, distance education became a common term used for such programs as well as programs with video links to the main campus. It wasn't until the last decade of the century that the proliferation of the Internet and the World Wide Web launched a revolution-education via online classes. As with any revolution, change was rapid. According to the 1997 Peter son's Guide to U. S. Colleges, 762 institutions were offering electronic distance education courses (Guberneck & Ebling, 1997). A year later, the U. S. Department of Education found that about 1,680 schools were offering a total of about 54,000 online courses to 1.6 million students (Carnevale, 2000). Since the turn of the millennium, growth in online delivery of university classes has accelerated. Since the U.S. Army launched its e-learning program in January of 2001,10,400 soldiers are taking online courses from 24 participating colleges. One major player in online education, The University of Maryland University College watched its online student body soar by 50% to over 60,000 students in 2001 (Symonds, 2001). Nor was Corporate America left out of the metamorphosis in distance education. Forbes reported that in 2001 corporations spent $1.1 billion on online training. Merrill Lynch forecasts that this number will grow to $11 billion by 2003 (Setton, 2000). E-learning companies have quickly materialized to supply corporations with the courses that they need. One, Corpedia, was founded by management guru, Peter Drucker, so the link between corporate training and academia is obvious. This article reviews the evolution of online education and training and examines the state of the art as of early 2003. It then extrapolates the online pedagogical experience of its two business professor authors to the delivery of corporate management education and development. Each of the authors is a senior faculty member who has had extensive undergraduate and graduate teaching experience both in traditional and online environments as well as considerable consulting and training experience in Corporate America. The authors suggest that the lessons they have learned in cyberspace are directly applicable to the corporate training environment, and guidelines are provided for corporate trainers and those developing online courseware. The article begins with a closer examination of the state of the art in online education and the reminder by the authors that the "train has left the station." Peter Drucker has been quoted as saying: Universities won't survive. The future is outside the traditional campus, outside the traditional classroom. Distance learning is coming on fast. (Gubemick & Ebeling, 1997) State of the Art: Business Education in Cyberspace Early in the evolution of online business learning, some traditional business schools were dabbling in online education, but at that time, many programs were offered by for-profit universities with little in the way of a track record or recognizable brand name (Dash, 2000). …


The high temperatures generated during the cutting process can quickly become one of the main reasons of premature failure of the cutting tools. In milling process due to the characteristic of discontinuity of the cutting operation, it becomes much more problematic. The determination of a reliable procedure to estimate the cutting temperatures in machining processes could allow the optimization of the cutting parameters providing a tool life longer. By this way, the present work proposes a neural network based procedure aiming to establish an experimental relationship between the cutting temperature generated in coated tools cemented carbide and the main cutting parameters in the face milling process: cutting speed "vc", feed per tooth "fz", depth of cut "ap" and cutting width "ae". The trained networks were used to predict the cutting temperatures generated not just in the entrance but also in the exit of the cutting tool of the work piece. The choice of the Neural Network procedure was motivated by the satisfactory resuts presented by this technique when predicting and modeling nonlinear systems with non-correlated variables. The results showed that the neural networks methodology used is a promising technique to estimate the cutting temperatures, besides being an important tool to aid in the choice of the fit parameters, having as a consequence an increasing of the tool life.


It is now over two decades since Gergen (1973) argued that social psychology is historical, and this paper re-examines his arguments in the light of more recent social changes in Tropical Africa. Malawi has experienced major sociopolitical upheavals and from the outside, with much of the agenda based on foreign historical foundations, Gergen's hypothesis implies that social psychology should be radically inappropriate. From the inside, however, the discipline has garnered substantial student enrolments, sustained by four possible modes of applied re search in addition to cross-cultural refutation (for instance, similarity-attraction), namely, rejuvenation (of observer bias, among aid donors), realisation (that "aid" is transactional), reconstitution (into a principle of incremental improvement), and restatement (of competitive motives, reflecting clashes with collectivist peers and security conscious superiors). In contemporary Malawi, social psychology is "developmental" rather than "historical", casting doubt on the universality of Gergen's historicity hypothesis.


P‐type semiconductor cuprous oxide (Cu2O) offers promising optoelectronic applications such as solar cells and photodetectors owing to its considerable absorption coefficients and high carrier mobility. However, polycrystalline Cu2O films with low carrier mobility resulting from excessive grain boundaries and structure disorder fail to meet the demands for these optoelectronic applications. Here a stress‐assisted thermal oxidation method to fabricate p‐type <110>‐textured quasi‐single crystalline Cu2O (c‐Cu2O) wafers with centimeter‐scale grains is developed. It is found that strain energy induced by thermal contact stress plays a critical role in crystal growth. The resultant <110>‐textured quasi‐single c‐Cu2O wafers exhibit excellent crystallinity with rocking curve having a low full width at half maximum of 0.022°, a low defect density of 2 × 1011 cm−3, a high mobility exceeding 100 cm2 V−1 s−1, and a long minority lifetime of 98.5 µs. Such quasi‐single c‐Cu2O wafers lead to efficient solar cells with an open‐circuit voltage of 0.95 V and highly responsive photodetectors with superior cycling stability. These results indicate not only the advancement of fabricating high‐quality Cu2O wafers upon controllable methodology but also the promising optoelectronic applications using p‐type metal oxide semiconductors.


Classification Models use input data to predict the likelihood that the subsequent input data will fall into predetermined categories. To perform effective classifications, these models require large datasets for training. It is becoming common practice to utilize synthetic data to boost the performance of Machine Learning Models. It is reported that Shell is using synthetic data to build models to detect problems that rarely occur; for example Shell created synthetic data to help models to identify deteriorating oil lines. It is common practice for Machine Learning Practitioners to generate synthetic data by rotating, flipping, and cropping images to increase the volume of image data to train Convolutional Neural Networks. The purpose of this paper is to explore creating and utilizing synthetic NLP data to improve the performance of Natural Language Processing Machine Learning Classification Models. In this paper I used a Yelp pizza restaurant reviews dataset and transfer learning to fine-tune a pre-trained GPT-2 Transformer Model to generate synthetic pizza reviews data. I then combined this synthetic data with the original genuine data to create a new joint dataset. The new combined model significantly outperformed the original model in accuracy and precision.


The teachings of Sad Dharma become an important basis that can be used by educators in creating learning strategies that are able to direct students to apply the theories of religious education that they get. The values of Sad Dharma's teachings are also very relevant to be applied at the level of education, both from Kindergarten (TK) and even college. The implementation of the Sad Dharma-based strategy is also part of the preservation of Balinese Hindu culture such as the dharma gita and dharam discourse which are rarely touched by the younger generation. What Sad Dharma are 6 dharma goals that must be carried out by Hindus indirectly through the implementation of Sad Dharma-based Hindu Religious Education strategies, educators are able to deliver their students to achieve these goals. The purpose of this study was to find out about the Sad Dharma-based Hindu education strategy. The research method is qualitative using secondary data sources, data collection techniques in this study use study documentation plus library techniques and when the data has been obtained and compiled in the form of scientific work, the author will perform data analysis. Overall, this sad dharma-based Hindu education strategy can provide maximum results in the quality of student education because its implementation is not only found in theory but also in action in implementing its teachings in line with the concept of learning that is currently being promoted by the government.


Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment available in low‐middle income countries differs as suggested in international HIV‐treatment guidelines. Thus, we compared ARV regimens introduced as a first‐line therapy, time of initiation, frequency of making combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) switches, frequency of viral and immunological monitoring and treatment outcome in south east European (SEE) country (i.e. HIV Centre in Belgrade, Serbia, (HCB)) and west European country (i.e. Royal Free Centre for HIV Medicine at the Royal Free Hospital London, UK (RFH)).


Awareness of the importance of financial education is growing among policy makers in economies all around the world and also in Italy. The Oecd has provided guidelines to help policy makers designing and implementing national strategies for financial education


Abstract. Ice nucleation in the atmosphere is the precursor to
important processes that determine cloud properties and lifetime.
Computational models that are used to predict weather and project future
climate changes require parameterizations of both homogeneous nucleation
(i.e. in pure water) and heterogeneous nucleation (i.e. catalysed by
ice-nucleating particles, INPs). Microfluidic systems have gained momentum
as a tool for obtaining such parameterizations and gaining insight into the
stochastic and deterministic contributions to ice nucleation. To overcome
the shortcomings of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices with
regard to temperature uncertainty and droplet instability due to continuous
water adsorption by PDMS, we have developed a new instrument: the
Microfluidic Ice Nuclei Counter Zürich (MINCZ). In MINCZ, droplets with
a diameter of 75 µm are generated using a PDMS chip, and hundreds of these droplets are then stored in fluoropolymer tubing that is relatively
impermeable to water and solvents. Droplets within the tubing are cooled in
an ethanol bath. We validate MINCZ by measuring the homogeneous freezing
temperatures of water droplets and the heterogeneous freezing temperatures
of aqueous suspensions containing microcline, a common and effective INP in
the atmosphere. We obtain results with a high accuracy of 0.2 K in measured droplet temperature. Pure water droplets with a diameter of 75 µm freeze at a median temperature of 237.3 K with a standard deviation of 0.1 K. Additionally, we perform several freeze–thaw cycles. In the future, MINCZ will be used to investigate the freezing behaviour of INPs, motivated by a need for better-constrained parameterizations of ice nucleation in weather and climate models, wherein the presence or absence of ice influences cloud optical properties and precipitation formation.


The present invention discloses a method for manufacturing a respiratory mask and a respiratory mask, and a mold for a respiratory mask, wherein the improvement of the respiratory mask manufacturability and availability. The respiratory mask used to supply breathable gas to a patient, comprising: a) a first member formed of an elastic material; and b) a second member which is formed of a material smaller than the elastic flexible material, wherein the first element integrally formed on said second member, said first member and is detachably incorporated two closely adhered to the second embodiment in a different position element and the second element comprises the preprocessing said positions of the first and second elements bonded in a closely adhered manner.


By analyzing the types of return signals from the downhole instrument and the characteristics of data communications entirely,the analog signal of logging instrument back has low frequency.Then,the analog signal separation unit,which uses voltage-controlled voltage source order low pass filter and voltage follower circuits,can isolate the low-frequency signal effectively.For example,high-frequency interference signal in the magnetic signal has been removed by the analog signal separation unit.It can provide reliable guarantee for the late analog signal acquisition.