Intra-arterial and intravenous catheters were inserted in six fetal lambs at 125–130 days of gestation.On the following day, fetal arterial pressures and blood gases were monitored and fetal cardiac output and its distribution were measured by injection of radionuclide-labeled microspheres 15 &mgr;m in diameter. Acetylsalicylic acid, 55–90 mg/kg of estimated fetal weight, then was administered into the fetal stomach. Fetal pulmonary arterial pressure rose significantly after an average of 58 minutes, increasing the pressure difference between the pulmonary artery and the aorta from 2 ± 0.3 (sem) mm Hg during control to 11.2 ± 1.6 mm Hg. Resistance across the ductus arteriosus rose from 4.2 ± 0.5 (sem) to 27.4 ± 4.01 units, and flow fell from 495 ± 44 (sem) to 409 ± 20 ml/minute. The proportion of combined ventricular output distributed to the placenta, adrenals, heart, and lungs increased, whereas the proportion of combined ventricular output distributed to the brain, liver, intestine, kidneys, and upper and lower body fell. In two fetuses infusion of prostaglandin E, reversed the pulmonary hypertension. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in fetal lambs produced constriction of the ductus arteriosus and redistribution of cardiac output. It is probable that prostaglandins, particularly E,, are involved in regulation of blood flow through the ductus arteriosus and various vascular beds in the normal resting fetus.


Good control of second and third instar larvae of Spodoptera exempta was obtained in cereal fields using spray application of powder preparations of different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains: Bt24 (var. entomocidus), IH‐A (var. aizawai) and K26–21 (new isolate). These Bt preparations also protected cereal crops from damage caused by fourth to sixth instar larvae, but lower rates of larval mortality were obtained (50%‐80%). Spray applications of Bt preparations combined with a 'sweeping out' operation using a Californian sweep net in grass fields surrounding susceptible crops, were shown to be effective in preventing massive migration of large larvae to the crops, especially in small farms.


Some examples of decoration in medieval houses in Toledo: plasterwork, woodwork and coverings. Even today, after several centuries during which scores of people have been living in the city and have left their work, dreams and each new project carried out, reminders of the past come to life, planned and enjoyed by other people in the privacy of their homes. In this artcile, we will make onlysmall mention of certain elements that were created be used and enjoyed by the original dwelles, and that time has been able to save from being lost in the most peculiar ways imaginable. Woodwork, plasterwork, and decorated baseboards are a few of the forms used most frequently in antiquity to give status to the houses where people lived.


These days, it's not uncommon to see video cameras installed to keep an eye on pedestrians and motorists alike in a variety of public spaces. The proliferation of camera footage necessitates the creation of some means of deducing the nature of the activity captured on film. Due to the widespread availability of acquisition devices like handsets & camcorders, HAR may be used in a wide variety of contexts. The proliferation of electronic gadgets and software has been matched by a revolution in data extraction made possible by breakthroughs in AI. Difficulties such backdrop congestion, partly blockage, variations in size, perspective, illumination, & look, make it difficult to recognize human actions in video frame or still photographs. Multimodal recognition is necessary in several fields, such as CCTV, human computer interaction for characterizing human behavior. This study surveys the most current and cutting-edge findings from the study of how to categorize human actions. This research proposes a taxonomy for studying human activity and explore the benefits and drawbacks of this diverse set of approaches. Disabled people's daily routines, including resting, moving, traveling down & up the stairs, speaking, & laying, have been frequently tracked using cellphones. Human motion detection often makes use of well-established ML & DL techniques include CNN, & LSTM Network.


An electric arc heater, of the arc voltage 250V and the arc current 50A, was specially designed and built for the study of a steady arc performance and efficient productions of acetylene through the methane pyrolysis.Hot gaseous reection products were quenched and sampled with a water-cooled probe. Under the conditions of the mass flow rate of methane 30liter/min and the electric input power 10-15 kW, major products in the quenched gas were acetylene and hydrogen. The concentration of the acetylene in the quenched samples reached as much as 23-35mol% on favorable conditions. This experimental results were found better consistent with the estimations calculated on the hypothesis of a chain reaction as to the methane pyrolysis, than the analysis based on the assumptions of equilibrium processes.


The invention relates to the use of at least one compound that inhibits HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) protease, selected from ritonavir, saquinavir or one of the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle for the production of a medicament to modulate proteasome.


Linear programming methods for discrete I' approx- imation are used to provide solutions to problems of approximate identification with state space models and to problems of model validation for stable un- certain systems. Choice of model structure is stud- ied via Kolmogorov n-width concept and a related n-width concept for state space models. Several re- sults are given for FIR, Laguerre and Kautz models concerning their approximation properties in the space of bounded-input bounded-output (BIBO) sta- ble systems. A robust convergence result is given for a modified least sum of absolute deviations identifi- cation algorithm for BIBO stable linear discrete-time systems. A simulation example with identification of Kautz models and subsequent model validation is giv- en.


Multiple reaction monitoring with isotope dilution assays were developed for quantification of 200 proteins in dried blood spots, with median inter-day CV of 8%. Developed assays were used to measure the concentration ranges of these 200 proteins in twenty same sex, same race and age matched individuals. These, precise, sensitive, and multiplexed assays can be applied for de novo biomarker discovery and for biomarker quantification or verification experiments. Graphical Abstract Highlights Repeatable quantification of 200 proteins in dried blood spots. Determined lower limit of quantification, repeatability, parallelism and stability. Protein stability in DBS stored at ambient temperatures for up to 2 months. Concentration ranges for 200 proteins in 20 healthy individuals. The use of protein biomarkers as surrogates for clinical endpoints requires extensive multilevel validation including development of robust and sensitive assays for precise measurement of protein concentration. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) is a well-established mass-spectrometric method that can be used for reproducible protein-concentration measurements in biological specimens collected via microsampling. The dried blood spot (DBS) microsampling technique can be performed non-invasively without the expertise of a phlebotomist, and can enhance analyte stability which facilitate the application of this technique in retrospective studies while providing lower storage and shipping costs, because cold-chain logistics can be eliminated. Thus, precise, sensitive, and multiplexed methods for measuring protein concentrations in DBSs can be used for de novo biomarker discovery and for biomarker quantification or verification experiments. To achieve this goal, MRM assays were developed for multiplexed concentration measurement of proteins in DBSs. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was found to have a median total coefficient of variation (CV) of 18% for 245 proteins, whereas the median LLOQ was 5 fmol of peptide injected on column, and the median inter-day CV over 4 days for measuring endogenous protein concentration was 8%. The majority (88%) of the assays displayed parallelism, whereas the peptide standards remained stable throughout the assay workflow and after exposure to multiple freeze-thaw cycles. For 190 proteins, the measured protein concentrations remained stable in DBS stored at ambient laboratory temperature for up to 2 months. Finally, the developed assays were used to measure the concentration ranges for 200 proteins in twenty same sex, same race and age matched individuals.


Influenza is a deadly disease. Every year, in the United States, 200,000 people are hospitalized with influenza and 23,000–33,000 people die of the disease (Heron 2008). Unimmunized health care workers are at high risk for exposure and subsequent infection and may spread disease to hospitalized patients (Elder et al. 1996). Given these facts, most public health authorities, infectious disease specialists, epidemiologists, hospital administrators, and hospital board members recommend that all employees be immunized (Lantos et al. 2010). They create programs to encourage employees to do so (Hakim, Gaur, and McCullers 2011). Influenza vaccine is highly effective. Immunizing health care workers clearly protects patients from disease (Carman et al. 2000). It is safer for patients to be in a hospital in which all of the employees are immunized against influenza than it is for them to be in a hospital in which none of the employees are so immunized. When immunization rates among hospital employees go up, influenza rates among patients go down (Music 2010). But nobody knows how much safer patients are made by each incremental increase in the percentage of employees who are immunized, especially when most employees are immunized. It may be that the biggest bang for the buck comes in getting rates from low to high and not from high to universal. But that assumes that even one fatality from nosocomial spread is acceptable. As a result of this epidemiological uncertainty, it is difficult to quantify what is at stake in the trade-offs between an unabashedly coercive policy that requires all hospital employees to be immunized or be fired and a policy that effectively encourages employees to be immunized and manages to convince most of them. What's not known is what level of "most" will protect our vulnerable population. The quantification problems arise on both the epidemiologic and the libertarian sides of the equation. It would be one thing if we could quantify the number of infections that would be prevented and lives saved by immunizing 90% of the staff compared to 85% or 80%. Or 99%. But the studies


In principle, there are two kinds of strategies for navigating a straight course. One is to orient by means of an external directional reference, such as a compass. The other is to infer body rotations from internal sensory information only. In either case, animals would make errors during navigation due to the unavoidable presence of biological noise at the sensory, processing or motor levels. We show here, however, that the two strategies differ dramatically in their susceptibility to noise. While a compass-based strategy will enable an animal to travel arbitrarily far away from its starting point, a compassless strategy will not. Our findings indicate that, except for very short journeys, an external directional reference - some form of compass is indispensable for ensuring progress away from home. This limitation must place significant constraints on the evolution of biological navigation systems. On the basis of these findings, we postulate that any biologically plausible path integrator must be made up of a compass and an odometer. In evolutionary terms, there must have been immense selective pressure to evolve sensory apparatus which can yield allocentric direction information. Therefore, despite some of the advantages of developing idiothetic senses for various tasks, navigation or otherwise, it would seem that a compass has far greater biological value than any idiothetic sensory apparatus in the context of navigation.


A product package often is the first thing that triggers the consumer's instant responses before making purchase decisions in retail environments (Cardello, 1996), and color is one of the most potent features of product package design in the food industry (Deliza, Macfie, & Hedderley, 2003). As package design is an extrinsic cue that can influence consumers' perceptions about the intrinsic attributes of the contained product (Limon, Kahle, & Orth, 2009; Orth & Malkewitz, 2008), marketers tend to use package color to differentiate products. For example, blue or green packaging usually points to healthy foods, whereas red packages often represent tasty and less healthy alternatives. Despite this common industry practice, little academic research has focused on the influence of package color on consumers' perceptions in choosing food products. Instead of using package colors, Vasiljevic, Pechey, and Marteau (2015) examined the impact of color of nutritional labels on the choice of snack foods. In a similar vein, Reutner, Genschow, and Wänke (2015) tested the moderation effect of healthiness perception on the relationship between the color red and food consumption. In Study 1 they investigated incidental consumption of healthy and unhealthy food from red and white plates while in Study 2 they asked the participants to choose between pieces of bread marked with little green and red flags. As an extension on the current literature, the present study thus aims to examine how an important aspect of packaged food – namely, its package color as an external cue and marketing tool – impacts consumer's perceptions of hedonic value as well as cognitive judgment of the healthiness perceptions.


Although head trauma is the leading cause of acquired trochlear nerve dysfunction, it receives little attention in the neurosurgical literature. A case is reported of closed head injury that resulted in a right superior oblique palsy in association with incoordination on the left side. Diagnostic imaging revealed a normal cranial computed tomographic scan and a left dorsal midbrain lesion on magnetic resonance imaging scan. The relevant anatomy is reviewed, as well as the action of the superior oblique muscle, its agonists and antagonists, and the clinical manifestations of superior oblique dysfunction. This case is one of the few we are aware of in which a relatively isolated trochlear nerve palsy is the result of a lesion that can be documented by diagnostic imaging, and the first in which the imaging modality is magnetic resonance imaging scan.


Previous studies on motivation had been broadly researched, but little attention was given to learning pedagogical courses motivation. Thus, this qualitative research with case-study research design was conducted. This research aimed to describe ELE students' motivation in learning pedagogical courses. The data were collected by using questionnaire, interview guidance, and human instrument. The obtained data were analyzed qualitatively through interactive data analysis. The result portrays that there are more ELE students tend to be intrinsically motivated in learning pedagogical courses; the rest are identified to be extrinsically motivated, unmotivated, and undefined motivated students. The reasons underlying their motivation in learning pedagogical courses can be categorized into: 1) internal reasons (mood, goals, passion, perspective, & personality) and 2) external reasons (parent, score, and lecturer).


Implementation of free-space electro-optic detection is reported, based on measuring the energy variation of a femtosecond laser pulse induced by a terahertz field. Scheme of detection is demonstrated using wide-aperture periodically poled Mg:Y:LiNbO3 (PPLN) crystals and a ZnTe crystal.


Temperature effects on the evolution of the screening spatial solitons in two-photon photorefractive crystals were studied.The result shows that the intensity profile of the screening spatial solitons that formed in the two-photon photorefractive crystals provided the diffraction of the beam is exactly balanced by the photorefractive effect changes when the temperature of photorefractive crystals is changed.When the temperature of crystals is changed in a less range,the stability of solitons formed in definite temperature can be persisted by overcoming the less perturbation.Solitons will become unstable or collapse when temperature of photorefractive crystals is changed in a large range.Changing the temperature of the crystal can also make the solitons from the unstable state to the stable state.


The effect of infrared radiation on spontaneous pulsing of forward biased silicon p+‐n‐n+ diodes (injection mode devices) at 4.2 K is studied as a means of detecting infrared radiation in the wavelength range of 20–32 μm. A model based on space‐charge buildup of phosphorus donors in the i region is developed to explain the integration and the sudden firing as well as the dependence of firing frequency on infrared flux. Experimentally, a dynamic range of about a million and responsivities of 9×109 Hz/W (9.6 A/W) have been found in nonoptimized detectors. Theory indicates the possibility of even larger dynamic ranges. Dark pulse rates as low as 10−5 Hz have been observed.


It is generally assumed that the measurements of the oxygen consumption of plain muscle have proved that the tonic contractions could not possibly be maintained by a continuous stimulation analogous to a tetanus in striped muscle, since too little energy is available. No account, however, has been taken of the very much slower relaxation of plain muscle than of striped muscle, and it is quite reasonable to suppose that this might be a very important factor, since the slower a muscle relaxes, the fewer contractions are required per unit time to produce a fusion. We can, moreover, easily calculate the order of the energy requirements of a muscle relaxing to half its maximum tension in 10 secs., for example (very few plain muscles relax more rapidly than this), by extrapolation from the measurements of Hill and Hartree(l) on the relaxation time of a frog's sartorius muscle, and from those of Hartree and Hill(2) on the rate of heat production of the same type of muscle maintaining 1 grm.-cm. potential energy. The relaxation time of a frog's sartorius at 350 would be about 3*3 x 10-2 secs. and its initial heat production per grm.-cm. per sec. would be about 7-5 x 10ocals., so that if the rate of stimulation is proportional to the rate of relaxation and the heat production per contraction is the same in plain muscle as in striped, we can calculate that a plain muscle should produce about


Introduction: Income inequality is often tolerated and justified, but when it brings about disparities in other domains of life (e.g., health or education), it may be seen with different eyes. In this research, we aimed to explore concerns regarding economic inequality in health, education, and income, and its relationship to supporting collective actions to reduce inequality. Method: We used survey data (N = 20,204, 18 countries) from the Latinobarometer 2020. We conducted descriptive analyses, latent class analyses, and analyses of multilevel linear regression to test our hypothesis. Results: We found that people were more concerned about health access and education opportunities than income inequality. We also identified two classes of people: one class concerned about education and health and the other unconcerned about inequality in any domain. In addition, results showed that all concerns and class membership predicted greater support of collective actions to reduce inequality. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that concerns about education and health disparities may serve to increase awareness of overall inequality and mobilise the public.


The TIG welding tests of 3.5Ni steel with matching wire were carried out.The tests show that excellent mechanical properties of the joints can fully meet the technical requirements of 3.5Ni steel in welding properties,with much higher impact toughness at low temperature.


Objective: to observe the projection and con-origin of the heart and the point neiguan nerves, and the property of neuro-transmitors in the con-origin double labeling neurons. Methods: Enzyme-labelled tracing, immunohisto-chemical and non-fluorescence double labeling techniques were used to observe the projection cells of the heart and the point neiguan nerves. Results: Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), Cholergenoid β (CB) double labeled cells could be seen in C5~C7 spinal ganglions and inferior gangion of vagus nerve; Substane P (SP), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunohoistochemistry double labeled positive cells could be seen in spinal ganglions and inferior gangion of vagus nerve. Conclusion: Some nerve fibers in the heart and the point neiguan originate from one same neuron in the spinal ganglions or the inferior ganglion of vagus nerve.


X rays are a powerful probe for investigating metal and radionuclide transformations in soils, sediments, and groundwaters. In particular, synchrotron-based X-ray investigations can identify the changes in an element's valence state and chemical speciation that often result from microbially mediated electron transfer. This chapter describes some of the synchrotron-based X-ray techniques (X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray microscopy) that can be used to improve understanding of metal transformations. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) technique provides an in situ probe of an element's oxidation state and clearly can contribute significantly to an understanding of the fate of elements in the environment, in both solid and solution phases. In addition to its utility, XANES is relatively easy to implement and has been perhaps the most commonly used synchrotron-based X-ray technique for monitoring metal transformations in environmental studies. XANES spectroscopy focuses on the energy range near an element's absorption edge, which is related to the element's valence state. Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) focuses on the energy region well above the absorption edge and yields information on the local chemical environment of the absorbing element. Investigators can initiate the use of synchrotron radiation in their research in a number of ways.


The wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Onosma bracteatum evaluated on excision and incision model, in albino rats, in the form of an ointment with two concentrations (5% and 10% w/w ointment of bark extract in simple ointment base).Both concentrations of the ethanolic extract showed significant response in both the wound types tested when compared with the control group. Nitrofurazone ointment (0.2%w/w) used as standard. I. Introduction In tribal areas different crude drugs extract used to treat various skin disorders including wound. Wound healing process involve several steps, which involves coagulation, formation of granulation tissue, collagination and aquisation of wound strength. During the formation of new tissue,endothelial cells proliferate and form new blood vessels. . Onosma bracteatum(OB), Wall (Family Boraginaceae, commonly known as Gaozaban, Gojihva) which has been reported to be used in the treatment of asthma and bronchitis . The drug is used as tonic, alterative, demulcent, diuretic and is considered cooling. It is useful as a spasmolytic. A decoction is used in the treatment of rheumatism, syphilis and leprosy. The plant is considered to be useful in relieving excessive thirst and restlessness in febrile excitement, and also to be useful in relieving functional palpitation of the heart, irritation of the bladder and stomach, and strangury 1-3 . Onosma bracteatum has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of skin diseases and wound. A survey of literature revealed that no systematic approach has been made to study the wound healing activity of this plant. Thus the present study was undertaken to assess the effect of this indigenous plant on different parameters related to wound healing in rats.


This dissertation describes a study of the behaviors associated with the concept of transmutability: the characteristic of digital information goods such that they are easily modified and re-used, as a consequence of the digital media in which they are embodied, and the power of information technology (IT). The modern computer-using consumer has both access to digital information goods and the IT to manipulate them, and such transmutation activity is widespread, particularly in the use of digital culture goods such as music, movies, television programs, and computer games. This project attempts to address the question of whether and in what ways consumers who exhibit the new transmutation behaviors differ significantly from those who do not, and from each other based on the specific activities pursued. The theoretical basis for the study is the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) framework, which posits these three factors as determinants of Behavior. Motivation is considered the impetus towards a Behavior, which is then moderated by Ability and Opportunity. Here, the construct General Computer Self-Efficacy is used to represent Ability to transmute. The constructs Enduring Involvement and Innovativeness are used to represent Motivation, while Opportunity is represented by the notion of Information Endowment. A survey instrument is used to collect data from individual computer users on these constructs, to empirically test the hypotheses that Enduring Involvement and Innovativeness are positively related to transmutation behaviors, and that Computer Self-Efficacy moderates those relationships. Results suggest that consumers who transmute do in fact differ from non-transmuters, in that the transmuters tend to be more interested in digital culture products, and to be more interested in creating new ideas. Transmuters and non-transmuters also differed in terms of their computer skills, which appear to play an important role in influencing the ability of consumers to actually engage in transmutation activities.


Article history: Received 21-01-2022 Accepted 26-01-2022 Available online 16-03-2022 This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.


Sap from various species palm trees in which known as neera generally produced by traditional technology in Indonesia. There are 5 well known palm species that produce Neera in Indonesia such as arenga palm, coconut tree, doub palm, nipa palm and palm oil. Neera can be utilized as raw material for various derivatives such as palm sugar, sweet palm toddy, and alcoholic toddy. Tapping of neera is a crucial step because neera prone to immediately degrade and causing poor quality of palm sugar. Traditional sugar processing has some drawbacks for example: low energy efficiency processing and off-specification products. On the other side, sugar palm neera has important antioxidant component which benefits for human that unavailable in normal white sugar from sugarcane. In this current review, characterization of neera from various palms in Indonesia and available technology on sugar palm processing such as spray dryer and membrane ultrafiltration will be discussed.


This paper describes a study of the trace element distribution in sediments, marine water and mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis of the Venetian Lagoon around the Island of Murano, an island with a long tradition of glassmaking. Trace elements analysed include Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Ag and As. Sediments are contaminated with Zn, Cu, Ag, As and Pb, with levels in the <2 m fraction that are likely to cause adverse biological effects to marine organisms. The pelite (<63 μm) is the main carrier of heavy metals at most sites. However, the fine-grained and coarse sand on the southern coast of Murano accounts for a significant proportion of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Ag, Ni and Pb. Most trace element concentrations found in soft tissue of mussels appear to be within recommended Italian and international guidelines for shellfish for human consumption, the only exception being relatively high As levels. The bioaccumulation of Ag and Cr is more pronounced in the shell of these organisms. In the marine water of the lagoon, trace elements are more enriched than in other areas of the Mediterranean, with particular reference to the dissolved labile species of Zn, Mn, As, Cu, Ni and Cr.


Case for receiving the linear actuator body (2), a linear actuator body (2), (3) and, in the immersion of the coil 44 of the linear actuator body (2) state with a charged insulating in the case (3) have the oil (L). With this arrangement, the heat generated from the coil 44 is rapidly heat the oil (L), as it is transmitted to the case 3. Five days (L) is, of course, because spread evenly in the gap between the coil 44, it is possible to dissipate heat extremely efficiently. In this manner, thereby enabling to provide a linear actuator that by improving the heat dissipation characteristics, to realize a small and light.


Aeromonas hydrophila was identified the causative agent of a disease outbreak in goldfish, Carassius auratus from four ornamental fish farms in Kerala, India. Seven bacterial isolates viz., Plesiomonas shigelloides (NPPS-1), Aeromonas hydrophila (NPAH-1, 2, 3 and 4), Citrobacter freundii (NPCF-1) and Acinetobacter spp. (NPA-1) were isolated from the affected fish. Further, all four A. hydrophila (NPAH-1, 2, 3 and 4) isolates were identified by amplification of gyrB and rpoD genes. The RAPD profile using 3 primers confirmed that all four A. hydrophila were genetically similar. No cytopathic effect was observed on goldfish fin (GFF) cell line after inoculation of the tissue homogenate from the affected fish and affected tissues were found negative for koi herpesvirus (KHV), cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2) and spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). Experimental challenge resulted in mortality of fish injected with A. hydrophila only. A. hydrophila was observed to be cytotoxic on GFF cell line and exhibited haemolytic activity on 5% sheep blood agar. A. hydrophila possessed multiple virulence genes viz., enterotoxins, haemolytic toxins and outer membrane protein as determined by PCR. A. hydrophila was sensitive to Cefixime, Chloramphenicol, Nitrofurantoin, Kanamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Furazolidone and Cefixime/Clavulanic acid. After treatment with the suggested antibiotics, the fish were recovered from the disease.


Recent studies in animal models have shown that bladder contractions can be evoked by electrical stimulation of pudendal urethral afferent nerve fibers, even following spinal transection. Control of bladder activity would be a valuable tool to assist individuals with neurological disorders or spinal cord injury. To investigate these neural pathways in humans, a non-invasive approach is required. This project sought to develop and validate a non-invasive method to activate urethral sensory pathways. A stainless steel ring electrode was fabricated onto a 3.5 French urethral catheter and used for intra-urethral stimulation. Robust bladder contractions were generated via intra-urethral electrical stimulation in 3 cats. Peak responses were obtained in the proximal and prostatic urethra. No responses were observed within the bladder neck, urethral sphincter or distal urethra. Bladder responses were equivalent to those evoked by direct stimulation of pudendal urethral sensory nerves. We intend to use this catheter-based method to investigate the effects of intra-urethral stimulation on bladder activity in humans with spinal cord injury.


T. A. Hopper, R. Meder, J. M. Pope Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Synopsis Recently, magnetic resonance micro-imaging (μMRI) has been applied to the study of trabecular bone structure in the diagnosis of osteoporosis [1-5]. In vitro studies using clinical MR scanners have shown the potential of μMRI to predict the biomechanical strength of bone [2], and in vivo studies have demonstrated the ability to discriminate between patients with and without osteoporotic fractures [3-5]. MRI also has the potential to quantify both trabecular bone density and architecture. The aim of this project was to compare quantitative measures of rat femur bone morphology obtained from MRI with those obtained by conventional optical microscopy. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging has been used to analyse trabecular bone architecture in samples of the neck of the femur from six adult Wistar rats. The MR images were obtained on a Bruker Avance 4.7 T micro-imaging system using a 3D spin echo sequence with spatial resolution of 23 μm in-plane and a slice thickness of 43 μm. The 3D SE images were obtained with the following parameters: TR of 1000 ms, TE of 4.08 ms, and a bandwidth of 100 kHz. A data matrix size of 256 × 256 × 128 was used with a field of view (FOV) of 6 mm × 6 mm ×5.5 mm. The optical images were obtained by decalcifying the bone in EDTA and then sectioning 5 μm thick slices. Correlation coefficients between the MRI and optical derived measures of morphology, including ratio of bone to total volume (BV/TV), trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp), trabecular number density (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were calculated as well as the difference between the MRI and optical measures (as a percentage of the optical data). Results These calculations were completed for both unfiltered and filtered images. The filtering method removed small objects with a perimeter less than 0.1 mm that did not appear to be trabecular bone. The filtering was mostly only necessary for the optical images due to their very high resolution. In the filtered images the average difference between the MR and optical images for ratio of bone to total volume (BV/TV) was 1.2 %. Correlation between the two methods was lowest for parameters sensitive to trabecular architecture, ranging from r = 0.77 (BV/TV) to r = 0.55 for trabecular number (Tb.N). These relatively low correlations are thought to be caused primarily by distortion of the bone structure in the decalcification process used to section the bone and hence obtain the optical images. MRI of decalcified bone samples prior to sectioning confirmed this. Discussion There is growing evidence to suggest that variations in trabecular structure are important in determining bone strength, independent of bone mineral density (BMD). This work demonstrates the potential of MRI in determining quantitative information on bone morphological parameters. The high resolution achieved in this study was essential to reducing the large partial volume effects normally associated with small animal bone studies. Due to the much larger trabecular architecture in humans a much lower resolution can be used. The ultimate aim of this work is to be able to assess the efficacy of various therapeutic regimes on patients with osteoporosis. References [1] Kleerekoper M et al, Calcif Tissue Int 37, 594, 1985. [2] Link T et al, J Bone Miner Res 13, 122-132, 1998. [3] Majumdar S et al, Osteoporosis Int 10, 231-239, 1999. [4] Link T et al, J Bone Miner Res, 13, 1175-1182, 1998. [5] Lin J.C et al, Osteoporosis International 8, 16-24, 1998 [6] Vieth, V et al, Investigative Radiology 36, p210-217, 2001 [7] Majumdar S et al, J Bone Min Res 12, 111-118, 1997


We show that with high probability the minimum distance of parallel concatenated codes with k parallel branches and recursive component codes grows like n/sup k-2/k/ in the interleaving length n. In particular, this growth rate is independent of the choice of recursive component codes. As a specific case, the minimum distance of standard turbo codes with only two branches does not grow like any power of n. For serially concatenated codes with two recursive component codes the minimum distance grows with high probability like n(d*/sub 0/-2/d*/sub 0/), where d/sub 0/* is the free distance of the outer code. The result is still valid if the outer encoder is non-recursive.


The archive contains the results of the multi-objective optimisation used to generate the Pareto fronts in the article. More data than the one presented is actually in the archive.Trisolini, M., Lewis, H., and Colombo, C. (2017). Spacecraft design optimisation for demise and survivability. In Proceedings of the 67th International Astronautical Congress (2016 IAC).Funded by EPSRC (DTA - University of Southampton - EP/K503150/1).


In this paper the influence of the composition, i.e., As concentration, UV irradiation and annealing, on the optical constants, thikness and material parameters of chalcogenide As-S thin films is studied. For determining the values of the parameters mentioned the optical method based on interpretation of experimental data consisting of spectral dependenees of the transmitance measured at normal incidence and spectral dependences of the ellipsometric quantities measured for several incidence angles is used. This combined optical method is applied in multi-sample modification. Experimental data are measured in the spectral region 240-850 nm. In the frame of the interpretation of the experimental data, the structural model containing an isotropic inhomogeneous layer covered with a non-absorbing overlayer is used for representation of the films under investigation. The Jelison-Modine (Tauc-Lorentz) dispersion model is employed for expressing the spectral dependences of the optical constants of the As-S Films. It is shown that this dispersion model is suitable for interpretation of the ellipsometric data but it is insufficient for treatment of the transmittance data. Further, it is shown that the changes of composition, exposure and annealing influence markedly the material parameters and thicknesses of the As-S films.


Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a unique material that exhibits semiconducting, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric multiple properties which are a key phenomenon in building electro-/mechanical, optical, acoustic, thermal coupled sensors and actuators. Pure ZnO is colorless and crystallizes in the hexagonal (wurtzite) system with lattice parameters a = 0,3296 nm and c = 0,52065 nm. The structure ZnO can be simply described by alternating planes composed of tetrahedraly coordinated O and Zn ions, stacked alternately along the c-axis (Fig 1) [1].


Using near-infrared data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey catalog and the Near Infrared Color Excess method, we studied the extinction distribution in five dense cores of Musca, which show visual extinction greater than 10 mag and are potential sites of star formation. We analyzed the stability in four of them, fitting their radial extinction profiles with Bonnor–Ebert isothermal spheres, and explored their properties using the J = 1–0 transition of 13CO and C18O and the J = K = 1 transition of NH3. One core is not well described by the model. The stability parameter of the fitted cores ranges from 4.5 to 5.7 and suggests that all cores are stable, including Mu13, which harbors one young stellar object (YSO), the IRAS 12322-7023 source. However, the analysis of the physical parameters shows that Mu13 tends to have larger AV, nc, and Pext than the remaining starless cores. The other physical parameters do not show any trend. It is possible that those are the main parameters to explore in active star-forming cores. Mu13 also shows the most intense emission of NH3. Its 13CO and C18O lines have double peaks, whose integrated intensity maps suggest that they are due to the superposition of clouds with different radial velocities seen in the line of sight. It is not possible to state whether these clouds are colliding and inducing star formation or are related to a physical process associated with the formation of the YSO.


Objective:To investigate the comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)with Axis II personality disorders(PD).Methods:Forty-four patients who met the DSM-IV(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition)criteria for OCD were screened with the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire(PDQ+4).And the PD positive subjects were assessed and diagnosed with the Personality Disorder Interview(PDI-IV).Results:Thirty-six of the 44 patients showed positive results in the PDQ+4 screening,with the positive rate of 82%.Thirty-two of 44(73%)OCD patients also met DSM-IV criteria for Axis II personality disorders.Twenty-five of 44(57%)OCD patients were diagnosed with two or more kinds of Axis II disorders.The most common three personality disorders were obsessive compulsive(64%),avoidant(57%),and paranoid(21%).No subjects were diagnosed with antisocial and schizoid.Conclusion:Comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder with personality disorders occurs pervasively.Patients with OCD are often diagnosed with Axis II personality disorders with the exception of antisocial and schizoid,especially with obsessive compulsive and avoidant of cluster-C.


This paper presents a prototype system for off-line programming of industrial robot RV-M1 using augmented reality technology. The system allows controlling a virtual model of the industrial robot co-located in the real environment, planning configurations, generating robot program and simulating the robot actions. The proposed architecture makes it possible to manipulate, pick or place the objects in the scene. The advantage of this system is use of inexpensive equipment for intuitive off-line programming of an industrial robot.


A bracket assembling machine comprises a bracket feeding mechanism, a push rod feeding mechanism, a spring feeding mechanism, a spring compression mechanism, a moving contact bridge feeding mechanism, a moving contact bridge assembling mechanism, a push rod detection and moving contact correction mechanism and a mechanism for assembling a bracket into a lower base. The bracket feeding mechanism comprises a vibrating disc and a manipulator, wherein the vibrating disc is used for automatic feeding, and the manipulator is used for grabbing materials and putting the materials onto a rotary disc carrier. The push rod feeding mechanism comprises a vibrating disc and a manipulator, wherein the vibrating disc is used for automatic feeding, and the manipulator is used for grabbing the materials and assembling the materials into the bracket. The spring feeding mechanism comprises a spring separator, wherein the spring separator is used for feeding and assembled into a spring blade push rod. The spring compression mechanism compresses a spring in the push rod into the compressed state. The moving contact bridge feeding mechanism comprises a vibrating disc and a manipulator, wherein the manipulator is used for grabbing the materials and putting the materials onto the rotary disc carrier. The moving contact bridge assembling mechanism is used for assembling a moving contact bridge into the push rod. The push rod detection and moving contact correction mechanism is used for detecting whether the push rod and the spring exist and correcting the position of a moving contact; and a conveying line of the mechanism for assembling the bracket into the lower base is used for conveying the lower base, the manipulator is used for assembling three non-defective moving contact bridges into the lower base, and defective products are discharged automatically by the manipulator.


As an ability to support claims by collecting evidence and establishing connections between evidence and claims, the cultivation of argumentation ability plays an important role in science education. In this study, an online concept map tool was introduced into argumentation instruction separately with the method of flipped classroom. A control group post-test true-experiment was conducted in a classroom with 79 pre-service teachers. The results showed that the total score and all aspects of the experimental group were generally superior to the control group. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in the post-test. For this, this study analyzes the possible reasons. In addition, the students showed a positive attitude towards learning using concept maps. Implications for future research are discussed.


Objective To explore CpG island methylation status of tumor suppressor gene E-cadherin and its relation with mRNA in bladder cancer. Methods Thirty fresh bladder cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues were obtained from cystectomy specimens. The CpG island methylation status of E-cadherin was examined by means of methylation specific PCR. The E-cadherin mRNA expression was investigated by means of reverse transcription PCR. Results The positive rate of E-cadherin methylation in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (43.3% vs 6.7%,P0.01). The positive rate in recurrent bladder cancer was significantly higher than that in primary bladder cancer(64.7% vs 15.4%,P0.05). The methylation status did not correlate with stage and grade of bladder cancer. 10 of 13 methylated tumor tissues and 2 of 13 unmethylated tumor tissues did not show CDH1 mRNA expression(P0.01) Conclusions There exists a certain degree of E-cadherin methylation in bladder cancer, but the methylation status does not correlate with grade and stage of bladder cancer, suggesting that the aberrant methylation of E-cadherin may be involved in the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. The CpG island methylation status of E-cadherin may indicate the recurrence of bladder cancer, and may contribute to the loss of E-cadherin mRNA expression.


Alterations in red blood cell (RBC) 2-3 diphosphoglycerate (2-3 DPG) and hemoglobin affinity for oxygen were studied in 14 patients undergoing heart-lung bypass. RBC 2-3 DPG decreased with institution of bypass and continued to decrease during bypass. The day following heart-lung bypass RBC 2-3 DPG levels returned to normal, but were lower than preoperative control values. In vitro studies demonstrated that a portion of the RBC 2-3 DPG loss is due to circulation of blood through the oxygenator itself. Other factors appear to be involved.Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen increased during heart-lung bypass in most patients It was found that the increased affinity was less than would be expected relative to the demonstrated RBC 2-3 DPG decrease, and that a progressive decrease in RBC pH partially corrected the alteration in O2 affinity. Our data suggest that other factors are involved in the demonstrated alteration in hemoglobin affinity for O2, and these factors are discussed.


At present,vacuum sewer system is adopted as the sewage collection system for all the CRH trains in China.The type of vacuum pump and design of vacuum pipes are major factors which influence the vacuum sewer system.The design of vacuum pipes of Shanghai South Depot was analyzed.The effects of key nodes,pipe lift height,pressure loss and other parameters on the vacuum sewer system were discussed.The relevant technical parameters were verified by engineering projects,which provided reference for the design and application of vacuum sewer system.


Children born into poverty in the United States are at higher risk for a number of nonresilient outcomes. An extensive body of work examines and then confirms the qualities of resilient children, emphasizing the importance of four social-psychological characteristics—social competence, problem solving, autonomy, and sense of purpose—and three categories of protective environmental factors—family, school, and community. Extant research has done an excellent job of identifying the protective factors, but more work is needed to understand the processes through which the protective factors influence positive outcomes. Through life-history interviews with 48 educationally resilient African American adults who were "at-risk" children, this study highlights the factors that facilitated respondents' social mobility. By using an in-depth qualitative method grounded in sociological theory, it adds to the literature that identifies what are the protective factors, by elucidating the processes by which the protective factors operated in the lives of resilient adolescents. In this way it provides a view toward how and why the protective factors facilitate resilient outcomes, and does so through a connection with Bourdieu's habitus and, specifically, how accessing the interactional style of the middle class fostered resilient outcomes for the study's respondents.


Molecular oxygen in its ground electronic state, O2(Σg), is a open-shell magnetic system and an improved knowledge of the intermolecular interactions will have implications in the understanding of the substance in all its phases. We have recently obtained a global ab initio Potential Energy Surface (PES) [1] for the dimer, O2(Σg)+O2(Σg), based on RCCSD(T) calculations for the quintet multiplicity and CASPT2 and MRCI calculations of the splittings between the singlet-quintet and triplet-quintet multiplicities. These PESs have been tested against cross section and rate coefficient measurements in the thermal[2] and subthermal[3] ranges, obtaining a good agreement (aprox. 10%). In addition, the role of the PESs for ultracold collisions in a magnetic field has been analyzed[4].


Peck, Donna Clair M.A. 2005 Arts and Education Exploring Yesterday Preparing for Tomorrow Chatiperson: Dorothy Morrison, Exploring Yesterday Preparing for Tomorrow, was this author's study undertaken to investigate Native American culture as found on the Flathead Indian Reservation of Western Montana, among the Salish, Kootenai, and Kalispell (Pend d'Orielle) people, to discover some traditions and cultural values that could be included in the cross curriculum activities o f a rural multi-grade classroom, in order to highlight Native American heritage in the elementary school setting. Camas Prairie School, >Miich was established in the early 1900's to meet the needs of a racially mixed population o f settlers and Indigenous people, has a long history o f cultural and economic cooperation in this predominately ranching community. However County Highway 382 which runs th r o i^ "The Prairie" is recognized by law enforcement agencies as a m ^or conduit for illegal substance traffic from the Canadian border to the Western United States. During the time of this study tragic events related to drug and alcohol abuse caused the deaths and injury o f over a dozen children and young people fiom the reservation. These happenings changed the motivation o f this investigation from one o f a simple language arts exercise, namely the writing o f a children's story into a search for ways to use the Multiple Intelligences approach to classroom instruction along with native cultural values to ground the children in an understanding o f their heritage. This project was intended to elevate the perception o f American Indian Heritage among the children o f Camas Prairie School both those o f indigenous d^xzent and any others who attend. By the use o f culturally sensitive instruction the children became aware and grew to appreciate the value of each person as an individual with unlimited and varying potential talents Wdch are to be iiiaximized. Through the avenues o f workshops focused on Indian Education, local Indian cultural events, personal interviews with tribal elders and storytellers, and directed readings, information was amassed that enhanced the repertoire of teaching techniques and experiences available for dûs author's classroom enrichment.


In this case report a 40-year-old insulin-treated male patient presented with a KCNJ11 R201H mutation, which can cause neonatal diabetes. After initiation of treatment with high doses of the sulfonylurea glibencamide in combination with the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide, insulin treatment of the patient could be terminated. The first nine months after termination of insulin treatment the glycated haemoglobin concentration was 48-54 mmol/mol (i.e. 6.5-7.1%).


We argue that the X-ray and UV flux illuminating the parsec-scale accretion disk around luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is super-Eddington with respect to the local far-infrared dust opacity. The far-infrared opacity may be larger than in the interstellar medium of the Milky Way due to a combination of supersolar metallicity and the growth of dust grains in the dense accretion disk. Because of the irradiating flux, the outer accretion disk puffs up with a vertical thickness h ~ R. This provides a mechanism for generating a geometrically thick obscuring region from an intrinsically thin disk. We find obscuring columns ~1022-1023 cm-2, in reasonable agreement with observations.


Palyose: Recent studies indicate that negative selfimage increases in white females during early adolescence. This study was designed to examine the effects of physical and hormonal change during puberty on evolving self-image. Meto three scales demonstrated declining function (I' < 0.051. At baseline, 39 girls (72%) were pre-menarcheal compared to 27 (SO%%) at follow-up. Mean body mass index (BMI) increased from 18.62 f 2.38 to 19.01 2 1.84 (P < 0.0011, Tanner stages each increased by one, and pubertal timing did not change. LH and testosterone increased (P < 0.05) over the year, DHEAS decreased (P < 0.011, and FSH and estradiol did not change. Stepwise linear regression revealed that change in breast stage was positively correlated with


A method for designing full-order state observer for induction motor is proposed,in which the state variables are stator current and stator flux linkage.The design method for the state observer is given systematically.Simulation results show that the observer has satisfactory estimation performance of stator flux.Based on the adaptive full-order observer,a speed estimation method is obtained based on the Liapunov stability theorem.With the proposed full-order observer,the flux linkage of motor can be accurately observed and high performance achieved without shaft encoder.


Introduction: Towards an International History of Insurance - Robin Pearson Part I: Non-Life Insurance 1 The Marine Insurance Market for British Textile Exports to the River Plate and Chile, c.1810-1850 - Manuel Llorca-Jana 2 Actuarial Practice, Probabilistic Thinking and Actuarial Science in Private Casualty Insurance - Christofer Stadlin 3 The Difficulties of Spanish Insurance Companies to Modernize during the Franco Years: The Mechanism of Administrative Tasks and the Introduction of the First Computers, 1950-70 - Jeronia Pons Pons 4 Multilateral Insurance Liberalization, 1948-2008 - Welf Werner Part II: Life, Health and Social Insurance 5 Policyholders in the Early Business of Japanese Life Assurance: A Demand-Side Study - Takau Yoneyama 6 Industrial Life Insurance and the Cost of Dying: The Role of Endowment and Whole Life Insurance in Anglo-Saxon and European Countries during the late Nineteenth and early Twentieth Centuries - Liselotte Eriksson 7 From Economic to Political Reality: Forming a Nationalized Indian Life Insurance Market - Adrian Jitschin 8 Life Offices to the Rescue! A History of the Role of Life Assurance in the South African Economy during the Twentieth Century - Grietjie Verhoef 9 Competing Globalizations: Controversies between Private and Social Insurance at International Organizations, 1900-60 - Martin Lengwiler


In the entertainment industry's quest for the "suspension of disbelief," two primary sensory stimuli have been engaged: sight and sound. Since the advent of digital audio, a number of new multitrack digital sound formats have appeared in the motion picture industry, all in an attempt to achieve the ultimate audio experience. However, visual presentation has not advanced at the same pace as the aural experience. Many problems associated with conventional motion picture presentation and distribution can be overcome through a digital form of delivery. The missing link, however, has been an electronic display system that delivers cinema-quality images. Certainly the ultimate achievement in electronic projected image quality would be to match or exceed that of motion picture film. Texas Instruments is studying the possible application of DLP technology to electronic cinema. This effort has involved a close working relationship with the motion picture industry to assess DLP performance from technical and artistic perspectives. Knowledge gained from this process has led to improvements in DLP technology that may someday lead to a DLP-based cinema application. This paper addresses some of the advances in image quality made in the quest to achieve the ultimate cinematic experience.


The purpose of this research is to know the quality of service waiters at The Cafe Hotel Premiere Pekanbaru, to know the factors apasaja affect waiters service at breakfast session at The Cafe Hotel Premiere Pekanbaru.This research uses descriptive quantitative method to analyze the problem. The sample used is 100 respondents and the data obtained using questionnaires, observations, and interviews. By using Likert scale as a tool to determine the length of the interval.Based on the research results, the quality of waiters service at breakfast session at The Cafe Hotel Premiere Pekanbaru consisting of five indicators are: Tangible, Emphaty, Responsiveness, Assurance, Reliability. The least good service is on Responsiviness


The authors participated in MIIT University's researches aimed at refining mathematical and computer models of cars were refined, describing a motion along railway lines with normalized irregularities in plan and profile. The models consider spatial oscillations of each node, details of solid body, structure, material properties, as well as predict abrasive wear of critical parts and components of a bogie. The article justifies a possibility to increase overhaul life of a car by a simple upgrade of a bogie model 18-100 from 160 to 250 thousand km, and by a comprehensive modernization – up to 500 thousand km.


Along with the explosive growth of Internet pages,traditional universal search engines are more and more complained for problems such as inaccurate search and insufficient depth.Therefore,vertical search engine for special industries gradually emerges,and the associated researches attract more and more attention. Internet page classification is the basis and difficult point of vertical search engine.The quality of the classifier directly determines the performance of a vertical search engine system. The vertical search engine classifier based on naive Bayes extracts the features through CHI method,and then by using the naive Bayes model,it classifies the pages crawled from the Internet according to the contents.The experimental result shows that such classifier has good performance in classifying Internet pages,which provides certain theoretical foundation for the construction of large-scale vertical search engine system.


This issue of Nuclear Technology features selected papers from the 16th Biennial Topical Meeting of the American Nuclear Society ~ANS! Radiation Protection and Shielding Division ~RPSD! held in Las Vegas, Nevada, in April 2010 ~RPSD2010!. The general conference chair was Anthony Hechanova from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas ~UNLV!, and the technical program chair was Robert B. Hayes from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant ~WIPP! in Carlsbad, New Mexico. Generous support in many ways was given to RPSD2010 by UNLV. Additional support was provided by the Remote Sensing Laboratory, Varian Medical Systems, Inc., WIPP, Rad-Ware Inc., and of course the entire local section of ANS. Special individual efforts by Steven Curtis, David Stahl, and Dixie O'Dou were of great support and are duly acknowledged. RPSD2010 had 205 registrants from 18 countries, but only 170 attendees were at the meeting— mainly due to the eruption of Iceland's volcano interfering with air travel. The conference included 157 presentations and offered 6 tutorials. The RPSD was pleased to present its prestigious Rockwell Lifetime Achievement Award to Nicholas Tsoulfanidis, Professor Emeritus of nuclear engineering and Editor of Nuclear Technology, for his numerous accomplishments in the radiation sciences. The RPSD topical meetings focus on all shielding-related applications. Those applications in this topical included medical physics, radiation protection, shielding, detector physics and design, neutron physics, Monte Carlo calculations, radiation transport calculations, and radiation detection and measurement. A special track for activities at UNLV was also included that covered radiochemistry and nuclear forensics The papers presented at this conference contained the latest research and information on the topics of radiation shielding, radiation detection, and medical applications of radiation. To give a presentation at the conference, attendees were required to submit an abstract of less than two pages in length. The abstract was then peer reviewed by two independent experts, with options given to authors for revisions based on the referee recommendations. Accepted papers were then presented at the conference. After the meeting, authors were invited to submit their papers for publication in Nuclear Technology. An additional review of the submitted papers was performed by two reviewers chosen by the Editor, in accordance with Nuclear Technology's normal peer-review process. Because of the in-depth review process, which has ensured high-quality papers, and the important topics that are discussed, we hope that this special issue will be a valuable reference for nuclear scientists and engineers.


Religious bodies, largely unrestricted by governmental red tape, albeit lacking in funds, can also support State programmes, and in an almost experimental way demonstrate a better use of facilities. The church is immune from attacks; it can change the minds of legislators; it can educate and provide activities within its own framework. It is already doing so in an outstanding way in Victoria through its many agencies.


Abstract Two interpretations of the Robbins report are still current a quarter of a century after it was published. The first is that it was the finest expression of a liberal vision of higher education, the world we lost; the second that it provided the blueprint for Britain's modern system of higher education. In this article it is argued that the second interpretation is to be preferred. The shape of higher education is still that designed by the Robbins committee 25 years ago. The binary policy was an attempt to modify, not to repudiate, the Committee's scheme, which in any case has been authoritatively endorsed by the recent White Paper.


UHF-RFID offers a wide range of applications in animal husbandry, e.g. monitoring of grouphoused animals and localization in terms of activity monitoring. UHF transponders and readers are currently in development especially for use with cattle and pigs within a joint research project. A static test bench was developed for the purpose of measuring detection area and signal strength characteristics of different transponders. The test bench allows for the automated measurement of the RSSI in a defined coordinate grid. With this data, a differentiated analysis of the detection area of transponders is possible. The influence of methodical parameters, e.g. grid spacing and order of coordinates, as well as reproducibility of the measurements, were examined in pretests. Additionally, effects of the transponder holder were determined. Results showed good reproducibility and suitability of the current test setup. In the next step, the test bench will be used for comparative transponder tests and pretests for the development of a system for animal monitoring and localization.


Despite the fact that the global handicraft business has enormous growth potential, Sri Lankan handicraft artisans are unable to benefit from it. Though there are numerous state and private actors in Sri Lanka's handicraft ecosystem, a fundamental issue that has led to this predicament is a lack of communication and collaboration among these organizations and stakeholders. More specifically, a lack of communication and collaboration among ecosystem actors impairs the ecosystem's resource flow, resulting in inefficiencies in crucial industry processes. To overcome current inefficiencies and make the craft ecosystem more productive and sustainable, digitalization has been recognized as a major option. This research was carried out with the goal of identifying inefficiencies in the Sri Lankan handicraft industry's supply chain and developing a resource flow model that could be used as the foundation during the process of digitalization of industry processes. Following a thorough study of the literature, data was gathered through interviews and surveys with key stakeholders. These unique data were analyzed to identify interconnections and resource flows, and a model reflecting the handicraft supply chain's information, knowledge, financial, products, and material resource transactions was developed with relevant validation procedures. This resource flow model might serve as the cornerstone for future digital transformation, allowing all actors in the handicraft ecosystem to connect digitally and eliminate inefficiencies through improved communication and collaboration.


Allen, James S. Atomic Imperialism. New York: International Publishers, 1952. Pp. 288. $3.25. Baker, Helen. Retirement Procedures under Compulsory and Flexible Retirement Policies. Princeton, N.J.: Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University, 1952. Pp. 65. $2.00. Barnes, Harry Elmer, and Becker, Howard. Social Thought from Lore to Science. 2d ed. 2 vols. Washington, D.C.: Harren Press, 1952. Pp. xxviii790+cx; vi+385+cxxxv. $15.00. Beaty, John. The Iron Curtain over America. Dalkas, Tex.: Wilkinson Pubishing Co., 1951. Pp. xiii268. $3.00. Behrens, Carl F. Commercial Bank Activities in Urban Mortgage Financing. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1952. Pp. xix+ 131. $2.50. Binder, Rudolf. Die Steuern in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika 1939-1952. Kiel: Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel, 1952. Pp. ivy 170. DM. 20. Bolles, Blair. How To Get Rich in Washington. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1952. Pp. x+309. $3.75. Brookings Institution International Studies Group. Rearmament and Anglo-American Economic Relations: A Problem Paper. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1952. Pp. viii+ 64. $0.60. Casselman, Paul Hubert. The Cooperative Movement and Some of Its Problems. New York: Philosophical Library, 1952. Pp. xiii-+ 178. $3.00. Crawford, J. G. The Economics of Conservation. Canberra, Australia: Department of Commerce and Agriculture, 1952. Pp. 59. Cuarbn, Francisco Quirbz. Tablas de precios de compra de valores, Vol. I. M6xico, D.F.: Banco dc Mxico, S.A., 1952. Pp. 507 (loose leaf). Davey, Harold W. Contemporary Collective Bargoining. New York: Prentice-Hall Book Co., Inc., 1951. Pp. xi+ 532. $5.50. Demaria, Giovanni. Temi teorici della politico. economica internazionale. 3d ed. Milan: Edizioni universitarie, 1951. Pp. 439. Denonn, Lester E. (ed.). Bertrand Russell's Dictionary of Mind, Matter, and Morals. New York Phiosophical Library, 1952. Pp. xiv+290. $5.00. Dillon, Mary Earhart. Wendell Willkie. New York: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1952. Pp. 378. $1.00. Douglas, Paul H. Economy in the National Government. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952. Pp. vii+277. $3.75. Education and Nationa l Security. Washington, D.C.: Educational Policies Commission, 1.952. Pp. 60. $0.50. Ford, P. and G. A Breviate of Parliamentary Papers, 1917-1939. New York: Macmillan Co., 1952. Pp. xlviii+571. $4.25. Forstmann, Albrecht. Geld und Kredit. 2 vols. GMltingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1952. Pp. 821. DM. 59. Garvy, George. The Development of Bank Debits and Clearings and Their Use in Economic Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Board of Governors of 1he Federal Reserve System, 1952. Pp. viii+ 175. Glueck, Sheldon (eci.). The Welfare State and the National Welfare. Cambridge, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Press, 1952. Pp. ix+ 289. $3.50. Granville, Joseph E. Everybody's Guide to Stamp Investment. New York: Hermitage House, 1952. Pp. 240. $2.95. Grenzraumprobleme der westlichen Weltwirtschaft. Berlin: Deutsche weltwirtschaftliche Gesellschaft, 1952. Pp. 89. DM. 4.75. Hatt, Paul K. (ed.). World Population and Future Resources. New York: American Book Co., 1952. Pp. xviii+262. $3.50. Heady, Ferrel. Administrative Procedure Legislation in the States. ("Michigan Governmental Studies," No. 24.) Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 1952. Pp. 137. $1.00. Hedges, James B. The Browns of Providence Plantations-Colonial Years. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952. Pp. xviii+ 379. $6.00. Hudson, Harriet D. The Progressive AMine Workers of America: A Study in Rival Unionism. Urbana, Ill.: Bureau of Economic and Business Research, University of Illinois, 1952. Pp. 152. Hunt, Norman C. Methods of Wage Payment in British Industry. London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1952. Pp. vii+ 160. $4.00. International Economic Papers, No. 1. (Translations prepared for the International Economic Association.) New York: Macmillan Co., 1952. Pp. 244. $3.50. Jasny, Naum. Soviet Prices of Produlcers' Goods. Sta nford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1952. Pp. vii+ 180. $2.00. Joint Committee on the Economic Report. Monetary Policy and the Management of the Public Debt: Their Role in Achieving Price Stability and HighLevel Employment. 2 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1952. Pp. xvii+632; vii+ 669. $4.25. Jouvenel, Bertrand de. The Ethics of Redistribution. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1952. Pp. ix-+91. $1.75. Kemeny, George. Economic Planning in Hungary, 1947-9. New York: Royal Institute of Internationa l Affairs, 1952. Pp. X-146. $2.50.


This paper presents a progression of events from a case study that explored elementary school teachers' understanding of essential topics in statistics. One particular teacher revealed misconceptions regarding the mode and range during professional development. These misconceptions were corrected, the concepts taught appropriately in the classroom, and then the original misconceptions resurfaced. This example sheds light on the importance of sustained professional development.


This paper investigates regression quantiles (RQ) for unstable autoregressive models. The uniform Bahadur representation of the RQ process is obtained. The joint asymptotic distribution of the RQ process is derived in a unified manner for all types of characteristic roots on or outside the unit circle. Unlike the results already available for the regression and stationary autoregression quantiles, the joint asymptotic distribution involves stochastic integrals in terms of a series of independent and identically distributed multivariate Brownian motions with correlated components. The related L−estimator is also discussed. As an auxiliary theorem, a weak convergence of a randomly weighted residual empirical process to the stochastic integral of a Kiefer process is established. The results obtained in this paper provide an asymptotic theory for nonstationary time series processes, which can be used to construct robust unit root tests.


For many supply chain executives, the temptation is to reach for new tools and technology to deliver the solutions they need. But the real leaders are rediscovering the value of something more elemental: the ability to attract, develop, and retain top-performing professionals is the real horsepower that drives results. Here are some core talent management techniques that set the winners apart.


A study was conducted to evaluate the relative resistance to a natural or induced gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infection in hair and wool breeds of lambs. In Experiment 1, natural GI nematode infection was evaluated among fall born Dorper crossbred (DO; n = 17) or St. Croix (SC;n = 17) lambs. Ewe and wether lambs were weaned at 84 ± 1.1 days of age and dewormed. Fecal egg counts (FECs) and blood packed cell volume (PCV) were determined between weaning and 56 days later. In Experiment 2, natural GI nematode infection was evaluated among spring born DO (7/8 or 3/4 Dorper; n = 24), Katahdin (KA;n = 26), SC (n = 8), and Suffolk (SU;n = 10; wethers only) ewe and wether lambs from weaning (60 ± 1.3 days of age; April) to 115± 1.3 days of age (June). In both studies, lambs grazed bermudagrass overseeded with ryegrass, previously grazed with sheep, and were supplemented with 225–500 g of corn/soybean meal supplement. In Experiment 3, the relative resistance was examined among DO ( n = 8), KA (n = 8), and SC ( n = 9) ewe lambs to induced GI nematode infection (20,000Haemonchus contortus L3). Lambs were weaned at 62 ± 2.3 days of age, dewormed 22 days later and inoculated 6 days later (Day 0). In Experiment 1, FEC was greater ( P < 0.04) at weaning in DO lambs and PCV was similar between DO and SC lambs. In Experiment 2, FEC was greatest and PCV least in DO lambs when compared with other breeds (breed× time,P < 0.003). In Experiment 3, FEC was greater in DO and KA lambs compared with SC lambs ( P < 0.02). By Day 42, four DO, six KA, and three SC lambs had been dewormed. With a low to moderate challenge, resistance to infection was similar among the three hair breeds examined and greater than the wool breed lambs. When the challenge escalated, St. Croix lambs were most resistant and Dorper crossbred lambs were similar or less resistant than Katahdin lambs. Published by Elsevier B.V.


In order to increase increase fertility, hormonal application have been applied but, relationship between reproduction and stress/oxidant levels have not been investigated in hair goats. In this study, the relationship between increase fertility and TotalThiol levels were investigated in Hair Goats. 100 head female goats with a live weight of 45-50 kg at the age of 2-6 years and 20 heads of males with a live weight of 60-70 kg were used. In September, 100 females selected and marked, and blood samples were taken from all goats into anticoagulant tubes from vena jugularis 15 days before male introduction to the herd. Blood sampling was repeated from the same animals again before the start of lactation.
Total Thiol values were found to be significant in October compared to May. It was determined that there was a difference (p≤0.05) in the Total Thiol level in terms of sex and birth type. The Total Thiol level of twin-bearing hair goats was statistically different from the non-bearing hair goats while the total Thiol level in single-bearing hair goats was similar to those that gave birth to twins and those that did not. Goats with low Total Thiol value had a twin birth and goats with high Total Thiol value were have no birth. Total Thiol value was found to be important for multiple births (p≤0.05).
As a result, it was concluded that the Total Thiol level during the goat breeding season was related to birth rate and offspring yield in hair goats.


In this paper, atmospheric stratification in the boundary layer for warm pools of the tropical West Pacific are analyzed using the hydrographical, meteorological and low-level atmospheric observations from the 4th cruise of PRC-USA Joint Air-sea Interactions Studies in this part of the o-cean. It is pointed out that the stratification is characterized by multiple temperature inversion layers in spring and there are 4 such layers in most cases, with the usual thickness over 30 m, the largest reaching 336 m. The findings are important addition to the work on the structure of the boundary layer over tropical oceans.


Ring cleavage of 9,10-dibromocamphor leads to the construction of an optically active hydrindenone derivative which has potential as an intermediate in steroid synthesis.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a risk‐based integrity model for the optimal replacement of offshore process components, based on the likelihood and consequence of failure arising from time‐dependent degradation mechanisms.Design/methodology/approach – Risk is a combination of the probability of failure and its likely consequences. Offshore process component degradation mechanisms are modeled using Bayesian prior‐posterior analysis. The failure consequences are developed in terms of the cost incurred as a result of failure, inspection and maintenance. By combining the cumulative posterior probability of failure and the equivalent cost of degradations, the operational life‐risk curve is produced. The optimal replacement strategy is obtained as the global minimum of the operational risk curve.Findings – The offshore process component degradation mechanisms are random processes. The proposed risk‐based integrity model can be used to model these processes effectively to obtain an optimal rep...


Relaying primary signals by cognitive base-stations (CBSs) can help the primary system and thus win CBSs a higher chance to transmit their own signals. For this purpose, conventional zero-forcing (CZF) beamforming is a straightforward solution where the primary and cognitive signals are transmitted from a multi-antenna CBS without causing interference to each other. However, with CZF, no priority is given to the primary user (PU), which is not consistent with the idea of cognitive radio. In this paper, we shall propose a prior ZF (PZF) scheme which gives priority to the PU by transmitting primary signals without considering their interference to the cognitive users (CUs), while cognitive signals are not allowed to generate interference to the PU. As a result, PZF provides a better channel for the CBS-PU link than CZF but the same channel gain for the CBS-CU links as CZF. We compare PZF and CZF by considering both the transmit power with given target rates and the outage performance with given transmit power, where closed-form conditions are derived to indicate their respective advantages. One of the important contributions of this paper is to prove that, with one CU, a target rate of 1 bit/s/Hz for the CU is the key point that differentiates PZF and CZF, which is independent of the number of CBS-antennas, the channel distributions, and the signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR).


Data warehouse and mining are able to provide the structure to record whole customer's information, detecting important customers systematically, the change of identifying the individual and valuable customers. "Customer Relationship" is one of the most important factors to construct the core of competitiveness, especial in service industries for running business forever. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to apply the data warehouse and data mining technologies to analyze the customers' behavior in order to form the right of customers' profile. This could provide the best service model owing to the enounced of customer-orientation and making more effective marketing strategy.


Cities and their neighborhoods differ along a large number of dimensions ranging from climate to street safety and clean air. The urban quality of life literature uses revealed preference methods for ranking locations with respect to these specific attributes. This approach yields estimates of the implicit price we pay for consuming more local amenities such as sunshine and clean air. Given that real estate prices are higher in areas featuring higher quality of life, the poor concentrate in areas with lower quality of life. This choice has implications for the long run achievement of the poor's children because safe streets and clean air are key inputs in growing up healthy and achieving one's full potential. The resulting competitive equilibrium is unlikely to be socially efficient as the poor concentrate in high poverty areas. Special attention is paid to the role that federal and local government policy plays in increasing quality of life inequality between the rich and poor.


intrinsic surface brightness distribution. Yet our data indicate an average detection rate of 13 nearby galaxies per field. On average, we have detected less galaxies than that predicted by the Driver model. Either Driver's Luminosity Function is incorrect or the dwarf galaxies in the field have faded below our detection threshold and the field galaxies have different surface brightness distributions than those in the clusters. Babul &. Rees (1992) suggest that the dwarf ellipticals in the clusters can maintain their luminosities while those in the field are more susceptible to gas loss thus ceasing their star formation activities and, consequently, fading more quickly than the cluster


MacLean, Lauren M. Informal Institutions and Citizenship in Rural Africa: Risk and Reciprocity in Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 292 pp. Lauren MacLean's Informal Institutions and Citizenship in Rural Africa: Risk and Reciprocity in Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire, is crafted in eight chapters under three different but related parts addressing various aspects of the formation of informal institutions and citizenship in four Akan villages two on each side of the Ghana-Cote d'Ivoire border. MacLean opens her discussion by debunking earlier assumptions that "African political economies" have always been in crises. She notes that over the last hundred years, the two neighboring West African countries have at different points in time proved to be "successful models of democratic and economic development"--as compared to many other countries in the sub-region. As such, it will be difficult to understand the various trajectories of their political economies "by solely focusing at the macro-level on state weakness or by exclusively concentrating at the micro-level on the deficits of social capital or missing institutions" (p3). This understanding we must seek from an in-depth study of the socio-economic and political dynamics that have shaped these societies since the colonial period. In order to comprehend first-hand the complex processes of socioeconomic and political transformation in the four Akan villages, MacLean adopted an ethnographic approach--living and participating in several village activities. She supplemented the knowledge gained from these activities and interviews that she conducted between October 1996 and October 1999 in both regions, with diverse secondary literatures on institutions and agrarian change to demonstrate "how the colonial and postcolonial states has had profound effects on village social institutions and political cultures" (p.11). This sophisticated methodological approach provided a lens through which she attempted to answer two related questions: First, if indeed the Akan villages on both sides of the Ghana--Cote d'Ivoire border consider themselves as "one family" with shared pre-colonial institutions, culture and history, why did their informal institutions of reciprocity differ so significantly? In other words, why did the ways in which they "exchanged help and social support with their nuclear and extended family, clan, friends, neighbors, ethnic group, or others ..." (p.4) differ in significant ways? Secondly, how did people in these villages use the differences in their informal institutions of reciprocity to define citizenship? Based on her research findings MacLean attempts to answer these questions by challenging "previous assumptions about institutions, social capital, and the nature of the African state" by pointing out that since the Akan villages on both sides of the border consider themselves as one and the same people, "diverse histories of colonial and postcolonial state formation" have shaped the puzzling differences in the informal institutions of social reciprocity and citizenship at the local-level (p.7). In her view, the French policy of assimilation or direct rule created "a more centralized and expansive role for the colonial and postcolonial state in Cote d'Ivoire" and by extension, a greater volume of informal reciprocal exchange that was heavily centered on the nuclear family. In contrast, the British policy of indirect rule which created a more decentralized and restricted role for the colonial and postcolonial in Ghana, "was associated with a much lower volume of informal reciprocal exchange" (p. 10). Thus, while villagers on the Ghana side of the border gave much lower support, but to a much larger group of people--neighbors, family members and friends, their Ivorian counterparts gave much more help but to a smaller group--mostly to members of the immediate nuclear family. In chapter 2, she describes the socio-economic and political organization of the four villages--providing the reader with a clear picture of the similarities between them in terms of location, population, infrastructure, architecture, educational facilities and agricultural activities among others. …


A new species of swimming crab belonging to the genus Catoptrus A. Milne-Edwards, 1870, is described based on a single female specimen collected from a submarine cave at Ie Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. The new species can be easily distinguished from all five congeners by its proportionally longer pereopods as well as by combinations of the characters of the carapace, eyes, and cheliped.


The photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene was investigated on TiO2 nanoparticles coated on reduced graphene oxide. Reduced graphene oxide-TiO2 composite (RGO-TiO2) was synthesized via two step processes. The prepared RGO-TiO2 composite was characterized using SEM, XRD, and UV-visible spectra. A significant increase in light absorption to visible light was observed by RGO-TiO2 compared with that of pure TiO2 nano particles. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the RGO-TiO2 composite was much higher than that of the P25 TiO2, 95% and 40% respectively. In our investigated conditions, the initial concentration, flow rate and relative humidity had significant influences on the photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene. The most efficiency was recorded at the 0.3 ppm concentration, 1L/min flow rate and 30% relative humidity. We believe that this TiO2 based composite material can be effectively used as a highly active and stable photocatalyst to remove various indoor air pollutants especially gaseous toluene. The photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of toluene increased slowly below 20% relative humidity and then decreased as the relative humidity increased further. The main reason of enhanced photocatalytic property might be the strong electron transfer ability, and the increased adsorption capacity of RGO sheets in the composites as well as the retarded charge recombination rate contributed by the energy level of the two materials. We believe that this TiO2 based composite material can be effectively used as a highly active and stable photocatalyst to remove various gaseous pollutants.


The world of business is in the throes of a new revolution. It is, paradoxically, both the best and worst of times. Opportunity abounds, but the economic, societal, and technological foundations of the Machine Age are crumbling. Confounded by chaos and heavily pressured for results, most Western managers have no better ideas for how to compete than to endlessly copy each other, cut costs, and buy up rivals. Downsizing is epidemic and decline common.


Using a foreign language is suggested to affect how we think, even reducing bias. However, the exact mechanisms of its influence are still unknown. In this project, we tested two variants of the "thinking more" mechanism driving the foreign language effect: increased cognitive reflection and greater task engagement. We analyzed previously collected data from five experiments employing the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) and/or the Berlin Numeracy Test (BNT), each administered in the native or foreign language. If the increased reflection explanation is true, the CRT score should be higher in participants using a foreign language. If the greater task engagement explanation is true, the BNT score should be higher in participants using a foreign language. We report data from N = 1,288 participants who filled the CRT and N = 413 who filled the BNT. Data were analyzed using the NHST approach and its Bayesian alternative over a spectrum of liberal, default, and conservative priors. Data are publicly available at https://osf.io/m8tn9 All the test results were nonsignificant and showed anecdotal to strong evidence that neither the CRT nor the BNT scores improved in the foreign language condition, also when controlling for proficiency. The proportion of intuitive to computational errors was also unaffected. We are the first to comprehensively test the thinking-more explanation of the foreign language effect. Our results undermine the claim that using a foreign language promotes more cognitive reflection or engagement. The foreign language effect likely has a different cause.


Investigation of emission characteristics of a direct injection natural gas engine is carried out using a rapid compression machine.The emissions of three injection modes are measured and compared with that of the homogeneous combustion mode.The experimental results show that the combustion efficiency of the direct injection natural gas combustion is above 0.95 for all fuel supplying modes in the wide range of overall equivalence ratio.Fuel injection can operate within a wide range of equivalence ratio and has low unburned hydrocarbon emission (HC),low CO 2 emission for the same power output,low NO x emission due to the mixture stratification compared with homogeneous combustion engine,especially in the range near the stoichiometric equivalence ratio where engine power output is needed.Consequently,the direct injection natural gas engine has the advantages of high thermal efficiency like diesel engine and low emission of premixed mixture combustion.


Ubiquitous computing may not have arrived yet, but ubiquitous computers certainly have. The sustained improvements wrought by the fulfillment of Moore's law have led to the use of microprocessors in a vast array of consumer products. A typical car contains 50 to 100 processors. Your microwave has one or maybe more. They're in your TV, your phone, your refrigerator, your kids' toys, and in some cases, your toothbrush.


Career success theories (Hall & Chandler, 2005; Dries et al., 2008) assume that the conceptualization of career satisfaction is a contextualized phenomenon. Career satisfaction is defined as an employee`s emotional orientation for carried out work roles, as an experienced satisfaction, positive emotional state valuating self-professional activities. According to Akkermans & Kubasch (2017), the #1 trending topic in the career journals between 2012 and 2016 was career success assessed and mostly operationalized in terms of career satisfaction and the majority of the studies adhered to the concept of career satisfaction as the indicator of subjective career success. Career satisfaction as individuals' idiosyncratic evaluations of their own careers can be seen as the main component of career success in actual labor market generations (cf. Ng et al., 2005). Career and job satisfaction is crucial, due to its associations with work performance, physical and mental health, and career decision (Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2009). Teachers dissatisfied with their work display lower work commitment, negatively impact on student motivation through emotional contagion may fail to satisfy their student's needs for autonomy and competence (Klusmann, et al, 2008). For teachers, in particular, job satisfaction is influenced by contextual factors – organizational, interpersonal, or personal levels: extrinsic factors of school leadership and climate, societal factors of status and educational change, and intrinsic factors of facilitating student achievement and self-growth (Chaaban & Du, 2017; Granziera & Perera, 2019). Little scientific literature examines the interactions between teachers' emotional intelligence and career satisfaction. Spurk, Abele, & Volmer (2015) suggest it might be important for various research purposes to measure individual career goals or values as an additional parameter when analyzing career satisfaction. Research on career satisfaction has examined different occupational groups, but teachers still are the underrepresented group (Spurk, et al, 2015). The research problem of this inquiry is formulated as – how secondary school teachers perceive the factors of teacher career satisfaction. The data was collected using partially structured interviews and supporting data collection method - interview questions and self-evaluating existing emotional intelligence skills. The survey sample was structured purposefully; it consists of 22 teachers from Lithuanian secondary schools. For the empirical research data processing, a qualitative content analysis method was used; the qualities of the interaction of emotional intelligence and career satisfaction of schoolteachers were disclosed. The findings are presented according to the major domains covered during the interview. The career satisfaction factors were distinguished: emotional connection to work, emotional work conditions, psychological state, and emotional background, personal characteristics and skills, which help feel the career satisfaction and control one`s and other`s emotions, identify them and react accordingly. The abilities of emotional intelligence help teachers feel career satisfaction: self-awareness, self-control, social awareness, and relations maintaining.


Test geometries with well-defined stresses at the initiation of adhesive failure (failure in adhesion) were used to examine debonding of epoxies in controlled ramp and creep tests. Little effect of substrate, curative, or filler content was seen in failure initiation for the variations studied. The time-to-fail in creep tests depended sensitively on the applied load. Sinusoidal shear loads were also applied in both single (zero to max) and double-sided (− max to + max) mode. Whereas the single-sided, oscillatory loaded samples failed much later than samples loaded in creep to the same maximum stress, double-sided times-to-fail were similar to those in creep.


Surgical robot research is driven by the desire of improving surgical outcomes. This paper proposed a Recurrent Neural Network based controller to address two problems: 1) improving control precision, 2) increasing adaptiveness for robot motion (explained in Section I). RNN was adopted in this work mainly because 1) the problem formulation naturally matches RNN structure, 2) RNN has advantages as an biologically inspired method. The proposed method was explained in detail and analysis shows that the proposed method is able to dynamically regulate outputs to increase the adaptiveness and the control precision. This paper uses Raven II surgical robot as an example to show the application of the proposed method, and the numeral simulation results from the proposed method and three other controllers show that the proposed method has improved precision, improved high robustness against noise and increased movement smoothness, and it keeps the manipulator links as far away as possible from physical boundaries, which potentially increases surgical safety and leads to improved surgical outcomes.


Spectrometric methods, based on the measurement of optical density at the maximum of the TBP and DEMA infrared absorption bands, were developed for determining TBP in n-hexane, n-octane, n-decane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, kerosene, and DEMA in kerosene. The methods permit rapid determination of TBP with high accuracy in the concentration limits 0.01--10.0% by the absorption band at 1025 cm/sup,-1/, and in the limits 5.0--25.0% by the bands at 870 cm/sup -1 and 835 cm/sup -1/. DEMA can be determined in the concentration range of 0.6-- 5.0% by the band at 1005 cm/sup -1/. The methods are also applicable for the analysis of solutions containing water and acids as impurities. (auth)


A simplified, user-oriented classification of available computer-aided control engineering (CACE) tools is discussed. Two classes of CACE tools are distinguished. (1) The language-oriented CACE tools are universal in the sense of supported problems as well as in the sense of supported methodologies. (2) The non-language-oriented CACE tools which are based on simpler dialogues, e.g. menu and form-fill-in dialogues, support only some classes of problems and methodologies. Therefore, they are specialized to some extent. A personal view of the selection of CACE tools is given. It is based on three kinds of control problems, i.e. exotic, difficult, and ordinary ones, which play a crucial role in problem solving.<<ETX>>


Transportation of H2O associated with subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the northeast Japan arc is modeled to predict distribution of aqueous solution and melt, and the consequent P‐wave velocity structure. The observed velocity structure coincides well with the model for equilibrium transport of H2O: most of H2O subducted is brought down to 150–200 km depth along the slab, then the aqueous fluid generated ascends to initiate melting, which explains the low velocity regions (∼6% reduction) observed beneath the backarc, rather than beneath the volcanic front. If equilibrium transport of H2O occurs, initiation of melting beneath the backarc with deep subduction of H2O is likely to be the case also for other subduction zones with slabs older than several tens of m.y., cold enough to stabilize serpentine to a great depth.


Promising deep geothermal resources are believed to exist under geothermal reservoirs (shallow geothermal resources) that are already being exploited. These currently unutilized resources are expected to contribute to the expansion of geothermal power generation capacity in the near future. To ensure that deep geothermal resources can be exploited safely, efficiently, and economically, NEDO is developing appropriate technologies. The content of the technological development in this project consists of the {open_quotes}development of drilling technology for deep geothermal resources{close_quotes} and the {open_quotes}development of production technology for deep geothermal resources{close_quotes} which includes technology to survey the physical, chemical and fluid conditions of deep geothermal wells and technology for preventing scale. This paper outlines the progress of NEDO`s technological development for exploiting deep geothermal resources, focusing mainly on drilling technology. The development of drilling technologies has been carried out to enable conventional drilling systems to endure high temperatures of up to 350 deg.C. at the bottom of deep wells. The other aim of this development is to reduce drilling costs by drilling efficiently and shortening the duration of drilling projects.