The utility model discloses a finger structure of a fruit picking robot dexterous hand, and relates to the technical field of dexterous agricultural robot hands. The finger structure mainly comprises a motor drive device, a bed frame, a first dactylus, a middle dactylus, a tail end dactylus, belt transmission mechanisms, a gear differential mechanism, a coupling connecting rod driving mechanism, and a cross shaft, wherein the motor drive device is fixedly installed on the bed frame (5), a motor I (1) drives the belt transmission mechanism I (3) so as to drive the gear differential mechanism (15) to realize pitching motion of a finger, a motor II (2) drives the gear differential mechanism (15) so as to drive the belt driving mechanism II (16) and then drive the coupling connecting rod driving mechanism (17) to realize curving motion of the finger, and a motor III (7) drives the cross shaft (12) to realize side swaying motion of the finger. According to the finger structure disclosed by the utility model, each dexterous hand finger has four joints and three degrees of freedom, has the advantages of being light in weight, flexible in operation, simple in structure and good in maintainability and capable of being applied to the fruit picking robot dexterous hand.


Background Physicians require breastfeeding education appropriate to their roles. The aim of this survey was to determine physician learning needs and to inform development of breastfeeding education for physicians. Methods: A cross sectional survey was distributed to family physicians, pediatricians and obstetricians in a tertiary institution. Importance of knowledge to practice and confidence to manage was assessed for 18 learning topics proposed by a multi-specialty physician working group. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and tests for equality of variances were calculated. Mean values of importance to practice and confidence to manage for each topic suggested learning priorities. Results: The study group included 75 physicians. The most important topics were "informed choice when supporting newborn feeding," "analgesics, antidepressants and other medications while breastfeeding" and "community resources for breastfeeding support." Confidence to manage was lowest for "latch assessment," "what mom can do during pregnancy to promote milk production," and "risk factors for delayed lactogenesis." Preferred learning formats were 15-minute online modules and grand rounds. Conclusions: Physicians acknowledged the importance of all topics but report lowest confidence to manage latch assessment, prenatal interventions to support lactogenesis and management of delayed lactogenesis. Participants placed relatively low importance on learning about latch assessment despite the central nature of this skill in supporting early breastfeeding.


With the frequent occurrence of pipe-failure accidents of urban water mains and the increasing application of trenchless rehabilitation technology in municipal pipeline systems, this paper focuses on a crucial matter of the trenchless rehabilitation of urban water mains: lining design. Rational design of linings plays a significant role in a certain trenchless pipe rehabilitation engineering, which is directly related to the final structural strength of the rehabilitated pipe system, the flowing capacity of the rehabilitated pipe and the final cost of the project. As water mains are pressure pipes and complicated pressure waves may occur in the running period, the lining design of water mains is quite different from the pipes which mainly withstand external pressure. However, the existing lining design theory mainly concerns external pressure, seldom concerning internal pressure. So this paper tries to establish a set of new lining design methods for the rehabilitation of water mains, concerning external pressure as well as internal pressure waves. Based on the summary of the existing lining design theories, the lining design methods in this paper are established through mechanical analysis of the conditions of pipe loads and the strength of the rehabilitated water mains resisting inner and outer loads. Through a series of mechanical analysis and references of existing lining design theories and related mechanical models, this paper finally provides a set of relatively effective lining design methods for different trenchless rehabilitation techniques using in water mains. The study in this paper will offer references for the future trenchless rehabilitation of urban water mains.


The present invention provides a magnetic field sensing module, measuring method and manufacturing method of the magnetic field sensing module, the sensing module comprises a plurality of magnetic flux concentrators and a plurality of unidirectional magnetic sensors. Each flux concentrators extending along a first direction, and the flux concentrators are arranged along a second direction. These magnetic sensors are arranged in one direction to a position between the corresponding flux concentrators and these correspond to these flux concentrators are arranged on both sides of a position in the second direction, wherein the sensing direction of the magnetic sensor in one direction substantially the same.


The kinematic and dynamic relationships of a manipulator are highly non-linear. The inverse problem is computationally intensive. In this light, the learning capabilities and parallel computational architecture of neural networks seem an attractive alternative to current methods of control. A few aspects of this issue are examined.<<ETX>>


The authors present a three-dimensional model for reservoir simulation to show some behaviors of fluid flow in a geothermal reservoir, assuming water influx and heat conduction from heat sources under the reservoir.


Complete follow-up data were obtained from 229 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) between 1979 and 1982 (mean follow-up 14 months, range 6 to 37). Single-vessel disease was present in 143 and multivessel disease in 86. PTCA was successful in 153 patients (67%). Failure was followed initially by bypass surgery in 59 and by continued medical therapy in 17. After successful PTCA, 90% of patients were improved subjectively and 74% were asymptomatic at follow-up. After unsuccessful PTCA but prompt bypass, 90% were improved subjectively and 85% were asymptomatic. Among the 229 patients, 39 (17%) required an additional intervention because of angina during follow-up; 15 of these had repeat PTCA and 18 had bypass surgery. Among patients with successful PTCA, revascularization was complete in 77% and partial in 23%. The completeness of revascularization with PTCA had a significant impact on followup. The follow-up data of patients with successful single-vessel PTCA and of those with multivessel disease with complete revascularization were similar. When the patients with complete revascularization were compared with those with multivessel disease but incomplete revascularization, the followup data were characterized by a higher incidence of angina or need for bypass surgery in the latter group (63%) than in the former group (29%); those with incomplete revascularization also had a significantly reduced event-free survival. Circulation 71, No. 4, 754-760, 1985. PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has rapidly become an established therapeutic option for selected patients with coronary artery disease. '-" It is of proven efficacy both for the relief of symptoms and for the improvement of myocardial function.5 7 8.12 Despite growing acceptance, several problems remain, including the need to document its long-term efficacy. Although the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) PTCA Registry provides information on the follow-up of patients who have undergone PTCA, it does not provide follow-up data on the outcome of patients with singlevessel disease compared with those with multivessel disease or address the question of completeness of revascularization."' A complete follow-up of all patients who undergo From the Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN. Address for correspondence: David R. Holmes, Jr., M.D., Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Received May 11, 1984; revision accepted Dec. 20, 1984. Dr. Mabin was a visiting clinician from the University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. 754 PTCA at the Mayo Clinic has been maintained. The purpose of this report is to document the continuing follow-up results among these patients, particularly with respect to the need for subsequent intervention, the effect of complete and incomplete revascularization, and the incidence of subsequent cardiovascular events. Materials and methods Patients and selection criteria. From September 1979 to December 1982, 244 patients underwent PTCA at the Mayo Clinic. Fifteen of these patients received streptokinase before or during PTCA, and they were excluded from analysis. The remaining 229 patients formed the basis of this study. All patients had at least 6 months of follow-up, a minimum selected because most restenosis occurs within this time. 13 The criteria for patient selection were (1) symptomatic myocardial ischemia poorly responsive to medical treatment in patients who were candidates for coronary artery surgery and (2) coronary anatomy suitable for dilatation. Stenosis of 70% or greater diameter reduction in the proximal, middle, and distal right coronary artery, in the proximal and middle left anterior descending and first diagonal coronary arteries, or in the proximal and distal circumflex and first and second obtuse marginal coronary arteries (Coronary Artery Surgery Study tCASSI segCIRCULATION by gest on July 5, 2017 http://ciajournals.org/ D ow nladed from THERAPY AND PREVENTION-PTCA ments 1, 2, 3, 12, 13, 15, 18, 19, 20, and 21'4) was considered suitable for PTCA if the segment supplied an area of viable myocardium. The severity of stenosis was assessed in multiple angiographic views and then averaged. Procedural details. PTCA was performed as previously described,2 with cardiovascular surgical standby. All patients gave written informed consent. Steerable balloon catheter systems were not used routinely during this time. In patients with multivessel disease, PTCA was attempted first at the site considered to be the primary cause of the symptoms. This determination was based on the correlation between ischemic electrocardiographic changes, regional left ventricular function, and the lesions found at angiography. If dilatation of the most severe stenosis was unsuccessful, PICA of the other lesions was not attempted. Patients in whom dilatation was unsuccessful usually underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) within 48 hr after the attempt at PTCA. Definitions (1) Single-vessel disease: >70% stenosis of the luminal diameter in only one major epicardial vessel, with all other stenosis <50%. (2) Multivessel disease: -70% stenosis in at least one major epicardial vessel and >50% stenosis in one or more additional major vessels. (3) Successful PICA: reduction of stenosis by >40% of the luminal diameter, without a complication requiring CABG. (Lesions <70% of the luminal diameter usually were not dilated.) (4) Revascularization: Complete successful dilatation of all .70% stenoses. (It follows that in patients with single-vessel disease, successful PTCA should result in complete revascularization.) Partialsuccessful dilatation of at least one significant (>70%) stenosis but with residual stenosis of -70% in one or more vessels (which may or may not have been potentially amenable to PTCA). (5) Restenosis: increase of stenosis by >30% of the luminal diameter immediately after PTCA. Follow-up. Follow-up has been maintained on all patients at 6 month intervals by telephone interview or physical examination. The presence and duration of symptoms and the need for repeat PICA or CABG were recorded at each follow-up. Chest pain was coded as "angina" or "unstable angina" according to the CASS and NHLBI PTCA Registry criteria.11 Myocardial infarction was diagnosed by the presence of two of three criteria: prolonged chest pain requiring hospitalization, Q wave electrocardiographic criteria (Minnesota code), and elevation of creatine kinase or the creatine kinase MB fraction to three times the normal value. Copies of all relevant records were obtained from the patients' home physicians or admitting hospitals when indicated. All patients were encouraged to return for follow-up angiographic examination 6 months after PTCA. Statistical analysis. Chi square analysis was used to test the significance of differences in results and patient characteristics. Event-free survival was computed from the date of the initial attempt at PITCA. For this analysis, the events considered were angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, repeat PTCA, CABG, and cardiac death.


Caffeine is a unique chemical in that it is a constituent of both drug preparations and commonly used foods and beverages. The widespread presence of this pharmacologically and behaviorally active compound' raises obvious questions about the health consequences of continuous exposure to excessive levels of this chemical. The consequences to the development of the immature organism are of particular interest, given the fact that caffeine can cross the placenta and reach the fetus?' This paper gives an overview and summary of the experimental information pertaining to the neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to caffeine and highlights areas in which additional information is needed.


The present study deals with the development of flexible polymer–ceramic composites with graded dielectric properties. Electro active ceramic material like titania (TiO2), barium titanate (BaTiO3), and doped BaTiO3 were chosen as electro–active ceramic fillers to be added in polydimethylsiloxane (Silicone rubber) matrix. The relative proportion of ceramic filler with respect to polymer matrix controls dielectric properties of these composites. The effect of dopant in BaTiO3 (at different temperature) on electrical properties of composites was also studied. Composites with variable dielectric properties could be obtained through change in composition of the composites. Different mechanical properties of these composites were also measured and presented as a function of filler concentration. The crystallographic state of pure polymer, TiO2, and TiO2 filled composites were also studied through XRD analysis in order to find out the change in crystallinity with filler loading. Morphology and dispersion of these fillers in the composites were studied by FESEM and HRTEM. Finally, some theoretical dielectric models were applied for predicting dielectric constant of different composites and the best match between theoretical and experimental results was achieved for the Lichtenecker mode.


The friction condition of coated die s in dry metal forming is given.Friction coefficient between coated dies and metal samples can be determined by compression tests of ring samples.The effec ts of coated materials,suface oxidation layer of samples and surface roughness of dies on fric tion coefficient are analyzed.By co mparing friction coefficient determined with friction coeffi-cient between forged dies and workpi eces,a coating that is selected corr ectly can be employed to dry forming.It can reduce envi-ronmental pollution and production costs.


Non-destructive testing techniques are most commonly employed for detection and characterization of flaws in the component. Apart from flaw characteristics, another parameter which is equally important to assess the structural integrity of engineering components is the material property. Nondestructive testing techniques offer several advantages over the conventional coupon-based techniques. Ultrasonic Testing is one of the widely used NDT techniques for material characterization. In the past few decades, researchers all over the world have carried out extensive study to characterize, both microstructural and mechanical properties of materials by ultrasonic testing. This paper highlights the ultrasonic testing parameters useful for material characterization studies and also investigations carried out in various laboratories including authors' laboratory on characterization of microstructural and mechanical properties of materials, qualification of processing treatments during fabrication and assessment of damage during service due to various degradation mechanisms.


Aim To investigate whether hyperhomocysteinemia could induce vascular inflammatory response in aorta of rabbit. Methods Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were ramdomly divided into control group and methionine group. After twelve weeks, the level of homocysteine (Hcy) were measured, aortic lesion were obsersved, Interleukin-8 (IL-8) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the expression and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were studied by immunohistochemistry. Results Hyperhomocysteinemia was induced after high methionine diet, aortic endotheliocyte came off and local intima thickened. The production of IL-8 and activation of NF-κB were increased by hyperhomocysteinemia. Conclusions Hyperhomocysteinemia can induce vascular inflammatory response. Inflammatory response is one of potential cellular mechanisms by which hyperhomocysteinemia accelerates atherosclerosis.


A new method of assessing the efficiency and uniformity of particular application of a single-to-triple beam conversion for obtaining structured beam configurations is investigated. Conversion efficiency and signal uniformity in the object space are related to the fractal properties in the DOE spatial frequencies as revealed by the multifractal spectrum (MFS), and the associated complex microstructure measured by the Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC). By directly evaluating MFC and LZC in the DOE plane one can have a complementary instrument when designing phase holograms. These quantities are furnishing valuable technological information for the manufacturing stage: higher values for MFS require greater imprinting finesse, precision, and control, while higher values for LZC need more gray levels, more complex algorithms and more processing resources. In the exploitable range for optical tweezers applications there were revealed correlations of the pairs MFS↔efficiency and LZC↔uniformity. Experimental implementation qualitatively confirms the computational simulations.


A method based on the theoretical calculation to optimize and simulate RF filter by ADS software is introduced.The optimization design,device simulation,moment method analysis and related content in the process of RF filter design is elaborated emphatically.The test results of RF filter show that the ripple within its passband is less than 3 dB,the reflection coefficient of in band I/O ports is less than-20 dB and stopband attenuation is greater than 40 dB.This method has higher feasibility and effectiveness,compared with the traditional design method.


Objective To compare the curative effect on treatment of combination of lotensin and amlodipine and alone with lotensin or amlodipine. Methods 371 cases of essential hypertension were divided into A lotensin and amlodipine group (150 cases), B lotensin group (105 cases ) and C amlodinpine group randomly and were treated respectively for 4 weeks. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was used to assess the anti-hypertensive efficacy, urine and renal function were also detected. Results The mean blood pressure in 24 h dropped in all three groups, but mean blood pressure in 24 h dropped significantly in group A. Group A was also superior to the others in reducing proteinaria and improving renal function. Conclusion Associated application with lotensin and amlodinpine not only had good efficacy in steadily controlling the blood pressure in EH cases but also improve renal function.


THIS subject raises two questions which it is the purpose of this article to answer. First, why did Newfoundland not join with the other colonies of British North America when the Dominion was founded in 18677 Secondly, although terms of union were agreed upon between the governments of Newfoundland and Canada two years later in 1869, why did the Newfoundland people in a general election decisively reiect the idea of Confederation with Canada?


Background: Sexual violence is any sexual act that is perpetrated against someone's willingness including a completed and or attempt nonconsensual, abusive sex act. This study aimed to determine sexual violence and associated factors among high school students in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among youth in high school students. Self administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from randomly selected 432 students and four focus group discussions were held with students by using interview guide semi-structured questionnaire to collect qualitative data. Data were entered to SPSS version 16.0 was used to analyze. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were computed to quantify sexual violence and associated factors. Statistical association was measured 95% confidence interval and adjusted odd ratio. Results: Sexual violence among in school adolescents were 25%. Students used addictive drugs like alcohol (18%), chat and shish (7.2%) as very important contributing factors for sexual violence's. Use of physical force (15%), false promise (43%) and use of power (7.2%) reported contributing factors. Females dressing style, their act, peer pressure, revenge and males emotionality identified as contributing factors for sexual violence. Sexual violence had different consequences like abortion (32.2%), vaginal discharge (28.6%), genital trauma (25%), and unwanted pregnancy (14.2%). Conclusion: Sexual violence was common problem of in-school adolescents in Harar town. Female students' behavior also contributed for their sexual violence. Sexual and reproductive health issue information should be provided to create awareness about reproductive rights and life skill.


Metabolic dysfunction characterized by insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for type‐2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to determine if clinical lifestyle interventions differing in scope and intensity improve IR, defined by the lipoprotein IR (LPIR) score, in individuals differing in the severity of metabolic dysfunction.


A segment-based approach to automatic language identification is discussed which is based on the idea that the acoustic structure of languages can be estimated by segmenting speech into broad phonetic categories. Automatic language identification can then be achieved by computing features that describe the phonetic and prosodic characteristics of the language, and using these feature measurements to train a classifier to distinguish between languages. As a first step in this approach, a multilanguage neural-network-based segmentation and broad classification algorithm using seven broad phonetic categories has been built. The algorithm was trained and tested on separate sets of speakers of American English, Japanese, Mandarin Chinese, and Tamil. It currently performs with an accuracy of 82.3% on the utterances of the test set.<<ETX>>


An image display apparatus includes: an image forming device; an optical system converting light emitted from the image forming device into parallel light; and an optical device to which the light beams converted into the parallel light by the optical system enter, in which the light beams are guided, and from which the light beams are emitted, wherein a central light beam emitted from the center of the image forming device, passing through the nodal point of the optical system and entering the optical device at an optical device center point intersects an XY plane defined by an X axis that passes through the optical device center point, and is parallel to the axis direction of the optical device and a Y axis that passes through the optical device center point, and coincides with the normal axis of the optical device at angles other than 0 degree.


The precision of estimates has to be adequately reported in survey research, where ordinal and interval measurement scales are commonly used. Regarding mean estimate, absolute and relative errors are in function of the measurement scales. This manuscript discusses some assumptions underlying the development of the "Measurement Scale Imprecision Factor -MSIF-" (Martinez and Martinez, 2006), a tool for assessing the degree of imprecision of the estimates regardless of the scale rank considered. Specifically we purpose a new method for determining the most unfavourable variance that it is consistent with the normal distribution assumption, unlike the prior assumption based on the bimodal distribution. This method reduces the value of the most unfavourable variance which is easily computed using the cumulative normal standard distribution function


Embryonic chick tenocytes cultured in fixed-length three-dimensional fibrin gels synthesise a taught collagen fibril-rich extracellular matrix that closely resembles embryonic tendon (Kapacee et al., Matrix Biology, 27: 371–375, 2008). Importantly, the cells replace fibrin with parallel arrays of collagen fibrils that are able to resist pulling forces. Regenerative medicine strategies for musculoskeletal applications require the development of tissue with mechanical strength comparable to that of native tissues. How the cells generate tension is not understood and the mechanical properties and the cellular behaviour of this culture system have not been described. This project aimed to describe the morphology of cells in the tendon-like constructs and to quantitate the mechanical properties of the constructs. Multiphoton imaging (MPI) can image deep into objects with reduced phototoxicity, allowing live-cell applications. MPI of the tendon constructs revealed that cells under tension were aligned longitudinally with the matrix. However, when tension was released the cells became rounded. The results suggested that embryonic tendon cells align along lines of force. Mechanical testing of newly-formed tendon constructs (T0), then at weekly intervals to six weeks (T7 to T42) was performed using an INSTRON ® failure-testing machine. An initial increase in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was seen from T0 to T7 (1.023±0.031N to 1.150±1.150N, p=0.006), followed by a gradual decline at T35 to 0.350±0.043N, after which there was no further decrease. The UTS of the constructs was comparable with embryonic day 14 chick tendon. The initial increase in strength between T0 and T7 was cell dependent; constructs immersed in Triton-X 100 to remove cells were weaker than cellular constructs (1.277±0.096 versus 0.508±0.099, p The results show that embryonic tendon cells synthesise an extracellular matrix of collagen fibrils that are tensioned by the cells, and that the tendon constructs have mechanical strength comparable to in vivo generated tissue. The research is generously supported by grants from The Wellcome Trust.


Background and Aim: CD4CD25 regulatory T (Treg) cells are important in the maintenance of self-tolerance, regulation of T cell homeostasis, prevention of allograft rejection and in the modulation of immune responses to pathogens. Several groups have recently reported an increased expression of fgl2 in Treg cells by microarray analysis. FGL2, a member of the fibrinogen-like family, was previously shown to act as an immunomodulator by inhibiting DC maturation and T cell proliferation. Based on these findings, the immunoregulatory role of FGL2 as a novel effector molecule of Treg cells was investigated. Results: In agreement with previous studies, high levels of fgl2 transcripts were detected in Treg cells by real-time PCR. In fgl2 mice, an increased number and percentage of Treg cells were found with a greater expression of Foxp3 compared with fgl2 Treg cells; however, the suppressive activity of fgl2 Treg cells was significantly impaired. Antibody to FGL2 completely inhibited the activity of fgl2 Treg cells in vitro. Consistent with FGL2 contribution to Treg cell activity, targeted deletion of the gene led to an increased immune reactivity of DC, T cells and B cells, and the manifestation of glomerular autoimmunity in aged fgl2 mice. The importance of FGL2 as an effector of Treg cells was also demonstrated in MHV-3-induced fulminant hepatitis. Uninfected susceptible BALB/cJ mice had increased numbers of Treg cells and


Expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein‐I (MCP‐I) was examined in human central nervous system tumours (glioblastomas and astrocytomas) and normal human brain. Northern blot analysis demonstrated constitutive expression of MCP‐I mRNA in 6 of 12 glioblastoma cell lines. Expression could be stimulated by interleukin (IL)‐Iα and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in all cell lines tested. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated secretion of both isoforms, MCP‐Iα and ‐β, of the MCP‐I protein. Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis on tissues demonstrated MCP‐I mRNA expression in 17 of 17 glioblastomas, 3 of 6 anaplastic astrocytomas and 6 of 6 low‐grade astrocytomas, as well as in fetal brain but not in normal adult brain. In situ hybridization on 2 glioblastomas and I low‐grade astrocytoma indicates that neoplastic astrocytes and endothelial cells express MCP‐I mRNA in vivo. Moreover, tumour cyst fluids of glioblastomas and astrocytoms were able to induce monocyte chemoattraction in an in vitro assay. This chemotatic activity was specifically neutralized by anti‐MCP‐I antibodies in 9 of samples, further demonstrating the production of bioactive MCP‐I in vivo and supporting an important role for this factor in the infiltration of monocytes/macrophages into tumour tissue.


As the rapid development of village tourism, it also faces many embarrassments. The development of village tourism lead itself to urbanization, commercialization and enclaves, which, in turn, destroyed its foundation: in the villages, and plunged into "siege" of its development, which is village tourism in the development of their own destruction. Based on the analyses of the embarrassments that village tourism faced and its siege effect, this paper endeavors to present the basic of sustainable development of village tourism is the local residents to benefit from it, and main mechanisms of operation of it as follows: institutionalization of the low-cost operation; industrial chain localization; operators are cooperation; diversified investment channels and village tourism ecosystems.


The research accomplishments of the Structural Dynamics Division for F.Y. 1991 are presented. The work is discussed in terms of highlights of accomplishments during the past year and plans for the current year as they relate to 5-year plans and the objectives of each technical area. Included is research on unsteady aerodynamics, helicopter rotors, computational fluid dynamics, oscillations of leading edge flaps of a delta wing, and aircraft wing loads.


Abstract: The purpose of this research is clarity which can make it easy for M ustahi q (beneficiaries) to find business capital by borrowing capital at BAZNAS (The National Zakat Board) of Bengkulu City and the results of this study can be used as material for further study to produce legislation regarding the rights of Mustahi q in existing regulations. It is field research using qualitative descriptive methods. Descriptive research is to analyze the data that the author has obtained, the author uses a comparative analysis method, namely research that aims to systematically, factually, and accurately compare facts, situations or events in the field. From the results of research on the effectiveness of zakat funds received by the community, a total of eight asnaf (a Muslim person who is entitled to receive zakat and fitrah) received professional zakat assistance, those who are, fakir (a Muslim person who (a) has no property or income; or (b) has property or income but does not reach fifty per cent of the kifayah limit of himself and his dependants) , poor, fisabilillah (the struggle, efforts and activities for the purpose of upholding and propagating the religion of Islam), mu'allaf (a call for individuals who are non-Muslims or non-Muslims who have the hope of converting to Islam or those who are new to Islam whose faith still needs to be supported and reinforced), and musafir (traveler), as well as productive zakat for small traders in advancing their business. The distribution of productive zakat given by BAZNAS of Bengkulu City through the "Program" to mustahik in the Bengkulu City area can improve two factors of Mustahik's welfare. Keywords: productive zakat; mustahik.


The interaction of an object with its surrounding bath can lead to a coupling between the object's internal degrees of freedom and its center-of-mass motion. This coupling is especially important for nanomechanical oscillators, which are among the most promising systems for preparing macroscopic objects in quantum mechanical states. Here we exploit this coupling to derive the internal temperature of a levitated nanoparticle from measurements of its center-of-mass dynamics. For a laser-trapped silica particle in high vacuum, we find an internal temperature of $1000(60)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The measurement and control of the internal temperature of nanomechanical oscillators is of fundamental importance because black-body emission sets limits to the coherence of macroscopic quantum states.


The invention belongs to the field of herbicide, and relates to a mixed herbicide containing bentazone, rimsulfuron and atrazine, and application thereof. The herbicide comprises main effective components of bentazone, rimsulfuron and atrazine in a mass ratio of 0.1-80:0.1-80:0.1-80, and the three accounts for 1-85wt% in the herbicide. The mixed herbicide has substantial effects on application toweeding after seedling in soybean field, and especially application to control of gramineae weeds and broad leaf weeds in soybean field. Compared with a single dose, the herbicide of the invention, on the premise of enhancing drug effect, delays weed resistance, has a wide weeding spectrum and a long persistent period, and is safe to soybean and later crops.


This paper describes the preliminary design of the Adaptive Secondary Mirror (ASM) for the European Solar Telescope (EST), as designed by TNO. This ASM will contain 1950 actuators over an optical aperture of Ø80cm. The mirror-shell of this ASM is concave with a radius of 2.156m and has a thickness of 2.5mm. To cope with the high optical heat-load, the mirror shell will be cooled actively by means of conduction through a small (0.3mm) airgap between the mirror shell and the cooled SiC supporting structure. One of the unique characteristics of this ASM are the highly efficient actuators by TNO, delivering 30N Peak-to-Valley of linear force range within a packaging of Ø15x40mm. These actuators are based on the proven electromagnetic actuation principle by TNO but have been significantly redesigned to improve manufacturability and integration. The actuators are interfaced to the mirror shell via a stiff carbon fiber strut assembly and are designed to be replaceable during off-telescope maintenance. For overall alignment of the ASM a hexapod is used, while a faster tip-tilt stage is used to compensate for tip-tilt disturbances up to 20Hz bandwidth. The optical performance of the ASM under various environmental conditions has been extensively studied with Finite-Element-Analysis. To verify the performances of the actuator and the cooling systems, an actuator and thermal- breadboard are being constructed.


Objective. Organic solvents, which often have toxic and/or carcinogenic properties, are used at all stages of the production of pharmaceutical substances - synthesis, isolation and purification - and are not completely removed after the completion of the technological process. The presence of even extremely small amounts of such compounds in medicines can be dangerous for patients. The article presents the results of the development of a method for determining the content of residual organic solvents (ROS) - ethanol, toluene and dimethylformamide - in a new active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-carboxylic acid by gas chromatography. Materials and methods. Static vapor phase analysis was used to identify and to quantify residual organic solvents. It was determined by the internal standard method using a Shimadzu GC-2014ATF/SPL gas chromatograph with an AOC-6000Plus autosampler; PID detection. Isobutyl alcohol was used as an internal standard. Results. The developed method was used to determine the content of residual organic solvents in the validation series of the new pharmaceutical substance 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-carboxylic acid. The method was validated in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The developed method is suitable for further use in quality control in the production of 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-carboxylic acid.


The increased security concerns in hotels, government facilities and business buildings require identifying entering vehicles and controlling access to these facilities. The platform is automated with license plate recognition based on images of vehicles. However, in situations where standardized plates are not used, image-based recognition. License plate, police and background deformation. Traditionally human beings do this job, and gate keepers need to stay alert for long hours, check vehicles entering to the facility and manually keep data about those cars. This tedious and inefficient process demands excessive energy from security personnel and creates inconveniences and possibly security loophole in these premises. To overcome these shortcomings, this work proposes a prototype design for an automatic gate access controlling system which scans the vehicle plate numbers using a camera and optical recognition algorithm and compares it with the records stored in the database to decide whether to allow the car or not. The researchers developed this prototype design using a raspberry connected to a pi camera and a servo motor, Python was also used as a development tool. The system was successfully tested and showed to be a viable solution to the problem defined.


Hormonal contraception is a highly effective means of protecting against unwanted pregnancy and has been widely used throughout the world for more than 50 years. Un- fortunately, in Russia, women still do not often use hormonal contraceptives as residents of Europe, North and South America. One of the reasons for the lack of proper dis-tribution of hormonal contraceptives in our country remains insufficient awareness of the useful properties of contraception, along with an exaggerated view of the nega- tive consequences of taking hormones, as well as a lack of time for the medical worker to provide adequate counseling. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to create easy-to-use algorithms of the practitioner's actions that help to simplify and optimize the choice of hormonal contraceptive for each specific woman depending on her health status, reproductive status and age. This publication contains an example of such an algorithm, including options for prescribing oral contraceptive drugs for differ-ent groups of women.


This article discusses the process of rural-urban continuum as one of the basic determinants of rural-urban linkages. Thus, this article attempts to capture an inclusive approach of the development process in a developing country. In this context, we discuss the issue of migration (both short and long term) from rural-to-rural and rural-to-urban areas and try to understand whether rural industrialization helps rural people find gainful employment in local villages or nearby small towns / growth centres. It is argued that the pressure of finding livelihood on farm land has been tremendously increasing whereas modern industries have very limited scope for absorbing unskilled rural labour. The case of West Bengal elaborates this discussion and establishes the arguments in favour of rural industrialization. Scopes for growth of farm as well as rural non-farm activities are extended when we observe that consumption pattern of both rural and urban population in developing countries such India is changing.


In order to control the concomitant disaster of gas and coal spontaneous combustion in fully mechanized caving face of inflammable thick seam effectively,based on the analysis of forming reason of gas content uneven area,comprehensive gas drainage technology was put forward,which included high drainage of staggered drilling field,special gas drainage roadway and gas drainage of adjacent goaf.According to the risk of spontaneous combustion of the working face under the condition of gas drainage,measures including preventive nitrogen injection,three phase foam fire extinguishing technology,plugging-wind technology and forecast technology of spontaneous combustion were adopted.The problems of gas and coal spontaneous combustion in No.3-209 working face of Fucun Coal Mine colliery during mining period were solved effectively and safe mining of the face was ensured.


Horizontal distribution of the 4 heavy metals before and after the water level reached 135 meters were analyzed,taken Zhutuo,Cuntan(upriver area),Qingxichang(fluctuating backwater area),Wanzhou(reservoir area) as representatives.The result indicated that concentration of total Pb,total Cu,total Cd had augment trend after the water level reached 135 meters.Concentration of dissolvable Pb had augment trend before the water level reached 135 meters,and had depressed trend after the water level reached 135 meters.Dissolvable Cu(except Zhutuo) had augment trend in the other monitoring sites after the water level reached 135 meters.Dissolvable Cd had no significant differences before and after the water level reached 135 meters in different monitoring sites.There might be Pb,Cd complex pollution and Pb,Cu complex pollution and Cu,Cd complex pollution before and after the water level reached 135 meters.


This paper considers the localization of an emitter with an unknown linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal in the passive radar systems based on the direct position determination (DPD) method. To improve the localization accuracy, a novel strategy, wherein the position of the emitter and the unknown transmitted signal are jointly estimated, is proposed. As a result, a six-dimensional estimation problem is formulated, which is, however, computationally intractable for any general application scenario. By combining the DPD algorithm with short time Fourier transform (STFT), a fast and practical suboptimal algorithm, i.e., DPD-STFT, is also designed here to achieve the joint estimation for the emitter position and the unknown parameters of the LFM signal. Simulation results show that the localization performance of the DPD-STFT method is much better than the existing DPD algorithms which do not estimate the transmitted signal.


The concept of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) outlines the vision of a smart factory characterised by the complete networking of all production parts and processes, consisting of real-time control via cyber-physical systems, increased use of robots, intelligent and adaptable production systems, which should contribute to greater productivity through resource efficiency. The convergence of production and interaction, work and communication requires increasingly transdisciplinary competencies for creating a smart factory, which is economically successful and competitive. These competencies consist, among others, of divers expert knowledge, flexibility, and creativity for moving toward I4.0. I4.0 is not just aboutmachines, but also about people. The Internet of things, data and services aremerging the physical and digital world. This is where people now move and work. Workers inside this new factory model are the bearers of this knowledge and the drivers of innovation.Modern factories should not only pay special attention to agile processes and sustainability but also to social and human aspects. They should support sustainable development, resource-efficient production systems, innovation and a successful economy, and active participatory and collaborative processes. They should also anticipate and counterbalance the impact of technologies on human beings and societies. Transdisciplinary Engineering (TE) is an emerging field that extends and evolves engineering approaches by transcending the technical disciplines. TE is an applied science field combining natural sciences, applied sciences, social sciences and humanities to achieve a higher level of comprehension and awareness of the context in which industrial products, processes, systems, and services will be implemented and experienced by users (Borsato et al. 2016). Research in TE also incorporates social science methodologies to acquire the necessary knowledge about users and context. TE is inherently aimed at solving ill-defined, socially relevant problems (Wognum et al. 2018). Many researchers have studied transdisciplinary processes and have tried to understand the essentials of transdisciplinarity. Numerous engineering problems can be characterised as ill-defined and socially relevant, too. Although transdisciplinary engineering cannot widely be found in the literature yet, a transdisciplinary approach is deemed relevant for many complex engineering problems. An overview of the literature on research into transdisciplinary processes and their relevance in engineering domains has been recently published (Wognum et al. 2019). Achieving an I4.0 environment is a complex problem. It is characterized by the need to create a vertical networking of smart production systems, such as smart factories and smart products, and the networking of smart logistics, production and marketing and smart services, with a strong needs-oriented, individualised and customer-specific production operation. In addition, strong horizontal integration by means of a new generation of global valuecreation networks is needed, including integration of business partners and customers, and new business and cooperation models across countries and continents. Moreover, I4.0 is founded on acceleration through advanced technologies that will transform the manufacturing production. More specifically, isolated, optimised machines and/or cells will be aligned in a network to achieve a fully integrated, automated, and optimised production flow, leading to greater efficiencies and changing traditional production relationships between suppliers, producers, and customers, as well as between human and machine. The practical goals of a transdisciplinary approach to the design of manufacturing systems in an I4.0 context are related to avoiding loss andmisuse in data exchange (Engelmann et al. 2018) and to achieve its potential benefits. IoTs and CPSs involve a high amount of data and information, but they have to be properly managed to improve human-machine interaction and properly monitored (Schmitt, Bettinger, and Rock 2018). They need to control the adaptive behaviours of both machines and interfaces (Beisheim, Kiesel, and Rudolph 2018). As a consequence, adopting a transdisciplinary INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING 2020, VOL. 33, NO. 4, 321–324 https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2020.1752071


We conducted photoluminescence (PL) measurements at 8 K on BaSi2 epitaxial films and polycrystalline bulks. PL intensities were enhanced for films grown at 650 °C compared to those at 580 °C due to the reduction of carrier recombination centers. The PL spectra were fitted well by four Gaussian curves peaking at almost the same energies regardless of the film and bulk forms. Their contribution changed depending on the Ba-to-Si atomic ratio in BaSi2. Based on the PL spectra and defect levels acquired by deep-level transient spectroscopy, we established a model for radiative defects which stem from intrinsic defects such as Si vacancies.


By using the methods of documentary and expert interview,the author has made an analysis on the quality of the physical education teachers in colleges and universities.The article discusses the physical education teachers' quality reconstruction in college and university from the following 5 aspects.The result shows that the reconstruction of the physical education teachers quality in colleges and universities is the demand of sport curriculum reform and it is also the urgent need for physical education teachers in colleges and universities to adapt to new situation,new assignment and to fulfill the duty of teaching.


Abstract Platform design has been firmly established in the automotive industry as a strategy to provide wider product variety while maintaining cost effective production. But this strategy can struggle to keep up with the pace and nature of emerging technologies. This paper reviews the existing approaches to modelling product platforms, and showcases the challenges at OEMs introducing new technological innovations in their platforms. A gap is identified in the methods to assess the ability of existing platforms to integrate new technologies whenever they become available.


Surgical schools trace their origin to the ancient times. The Code of Hammurabi, dated around 2200 BC, contains descriptions of surgical procedures, methods of paying a doctor for performed surgeries and penalties in case of treatment failure (1). In ancient Egypt, principles of surgical conduct were described in holy books, and innovation or deviation from established principles of treatment leading to the patient's death were subject to capital penalty. The oldest document of those times, the Edwin Smith Papyrus, is dated to 15–16th century BC. In ancient Greece, surgery was at first inevitably associated with the cult of Asclepius, the god of medicine. Around 700 BC, in Knidos, Asia Minor, the Asclepiadae founded the first secular surgical school. This was the school that produced Hippocrates (460–377 BC), known as "the father of medicine", who laid down indisputable foundation for surgery. In the collection "corpus hippocraticum", created 100 years after his death, Hippocrates's students included a number of his thoughts on the principles of surgical conduct and teaching surgery. According to Hippocrates: surgery is made by the patient, operator, assistant, tools and light... The surgeon should be taught both individually and in a group... One needs to act efficiently, gracefully, quickly, easily, cleanly and immediately... "The father of medicine" paid a lot of attention to the surgeon's hands: the nails need to be cut to the tips of the fingers; the surgeon's fingers need intensive exercise; the index finger and the thumb are of special importance; one needs to use both hands (2). The turn of medieval and modern ages in Europe marks the beginning of barber surgeons' guilds established under the patronage of Saints Cosmas and Damian, which were surgical schools of sort. In 1454, the Council of the Old City in Gdańsk, through their directive, established a surgeons' guild. Recently, our school celebrated the 550th anniversary of this event. Starting from the 18th century, in France, Italy and Germany surgical schools emerged, associated with university teaching of medicine. The first such school, Academie royale de chirurgie, was established during the reign of Louis XV in Paris by a royal surgeon Georges Mareschal, in 1731 (2, 3). In the 19th century, which was a period of remarkable developments in surgery, the most famous school was one run by a professor of the University of Vienna, Teodor Billroth – the Second Surgical Clinic at the Allgemeine krankenhaus (Vienna General Hospital). This school played a significant role in the development of modern surgery in Europe and the United States. Teodor Billroth educated many eminent surgeons, including Jan Mikulicz Radecki (4, 5). In Poland, which at that time was under foreign occupation, the most famous surgical schools were established in Krakow and Wrocław, owing to the efforts of the aforementioned professor Jan Mikulicz Radecki and the father of Polish surgery, professor Ludwik Rydygier, who later was e.g. the head of the clinic of surgery at the University of Lviv. What does the term "surgical school" mean? It is difficult to give an unambiguous definition. By all means, it can be said that a surgi-


Due to the lack of a rigorous methodology and explicit criteria to distinguish between classifiers (C) and measure words (M), previous inventories of Mandarin C's, or geti liangci 個體量詞, vary greatly. Based on the insight that an M in a Chinese [Num C/M N] phrase is semantically substantive, while a C is semantically redundant and thus does not block numeral quantification or adjectival modification to the noun, this paper further proposes that while C/M both function as a multiplicand mathematically, with Num as the multiplier, C's value is necessarily 1 and M is not, thus ~1. Cognitively, however, the semantically redundant C serves to profile an inherent semantic feature of N and thus selects a narrow class of N's. With these explicit distinctions between C and M, we then re-examine the inventory of C's put forth in 國語日報量詞典 Mandarin Daily News Dictionary of Measure Words and offer a much more reliable list of C's in Taiwan Mandarin.


Susan is new to occupational health nursing. Her hospital's safety department has requested she review the facility's bloodborne pathogen program. Although Susan has years of nursing experience, she is not sure where to begin. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) website, www.osha.gov, undergoes continuous updates, making it an excellent resource for both new and experienced occupational health nurses. The topic bloodborne pathogens is used to demonstrate a method of navigating this website, but this approach can be adapted for a variety of topics, including automated external defibrillators, ergonomics, lead, and youth in agriculture. The extensive website www. osha.gov is an education and compliance assistance instrument using interactive eTools and Safety and Health Topics to address specific hazards and develop programs. According to OSHA, 80 million visitors logged on to its website last year (OSHA, 2007). The home page contains an index of specific subjects, with a search engine for topics not explicitly addressed. Opening the topic, Bloodborne Pathogens and Needlestick Prevention, the link to Standards contains the actual standard with highlights, while the Interpretations link offers more practical clarifications and applications. Hazard Recognition connects to resources that help identify workplace hazards associated with bloodborne pathogens. Clicking on Possible Solutions provides access to Model Plans and Programs for the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens and Hazard Communications Standards (OSHA Publication 3186-06N, 2003), which contains a model exposure control program that meets the standard. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Workbook for Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Sharps Injury Prevention Program contains a "toolkit of worksheets for occupational health and infection control personnel" (CDC, 2004). The listed resources are not limited to government publications. The OSHA eTools are interactive, web-based training tools focusing on compliance assistance. The Hospital eTool: HealthCare Wide Hazards Module concentrates on hazards and controls found in the hospital setting, describing standard requirements as well as recommended work practices for employee safety and health. The graphics and user-friendly information make the Bloodborne Pathogens section an effective learning tool. The OSHA Directorate of Training and Education maintains a library of training and reference materials. There are PowerPoint (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) presentations with lesson plans for bloodborne pathogens. Links to training resources exist via OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens and Needlestick Prevention web page and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) Bloodborne Pathogens web page. The Resource Center contains more than 600 training video titles that are loaned to outreach trainers to increase employer and employee safety and health awareness. Many safety and health topics are published in Spanish. For bloodborne pathogens and needlestick prevention, Exposición a Patógenos Transmitidos por la Sangre en el Trabajo (Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens) exists as a pdf for off-line use. A Spanish option exists when calling OSHA's 800 phone number, and the Office of Outreach Services and Alliances provides assistance in reading and reviewing these documents. Because this is a government website with enforcement powers, legitimate concerns always exist about information security. Every screen contains a link to the Privacy and Security Statement confirming the commitment to confidentiality. "As a general rule, the Department of Labor does not collect personally-identifying information about you when you visit our site, unless you choose to provide such information to us" (OSHA, 2008). Occupational health nurses can innovatively apply this material to their current practice. In addition, they are in a position to offer professional, current data to management on safety and health topics. The osha. gov website distributes concise information on standards, practical solutions, and training to identify criteria for evaluation of potential hazards. The information is user-friendly and easily accessed.


【It is a well-known fact that an isolation of non-sporeforming anaerobes, considered normal flora in man ordinarily but causes serious infections sometimes, is a dificult procedure because of their great oxygen sensitivity. Among the many techniques employed in clinical laboratories, despite of its high expenses, the GasPak method has been most widely used because of its relative simplicity. On the other hand, the steel wool method has gained a good reputation recently. This technique makes it possible to treat individual plate so that any single specimen can be promptly cultured anaerobically. The procedure is quite simple and the expenses are negligible. In the present study it is to compare these two methods as to their efficiency of anaerobic cultivation using 13 VPI strains of non-sporeforming amaerobic bacteria. Among the 13 species the following 11, Bacteroides fragilis ss. fragilis, B. fragilis ss. thetaiotaomicron, propionibacterium acnes, Eubacterium limosum, E. lentum, peptococcus asaccharolyticus, Pc. prevotii, Pc. magnus, peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Ps. intermedius nad Veillonella parvula, grew well with the steel wool method whose colony numbers reaching 57 to 119% of those with GasPak method. The remaining two species, Fusobacterium nucleatum and F.necrophorum, did not grow well with the steel wool method showing the colony numbers were only 0.4% of those with GasPak method in the case of Fusobacterium nucleatum. In the case of Fusobacterium necrophorum, very few colonies developed even with a heavy inoculation. As to the size of colonies, there were no significant difference between these two methods.】


Self-supervised learning (SSL) has attracted much interest in remote sensing and Earth observation due to its ability to learn task-agnostic representations without human annotation. While most of the existing SSL works in remote sensing utilize ConvNet backbones and focus on a single modality, we explore the potential of vision transformers (ViTs) for joint SAR-optical representation learning. Based on DINO, a state-of-the-art SSL algorithm that distills knowledge from two augmented views of an input image, we combine SAR and optical imagery by concatenating all channels to a unified input. Subsequently, we randomly mask out channels of one modality as a data augmentation strategy. While training, the model gets fed optical-only, SAR-only, and SAR-optical image pairs learning both inner- and intra-modality representations. Experimental results employing the BigEarthNet-MM dataset demonstrate the benefits of both, the ViT backbones and the proposed multimodal SSL algorithm DINO-MM.


Attention, as a commodity in the human skills-set, increases through training over a quite relevant period of time. Deficit in attention in the short term may be based on multiple complications to entail stress and mined wondering. On the long term, however, it might be a symptom of chronic diseases that acquire attention such as ADD, ADHD, ASD, etc. In this paper, therefore, we introduce a generic theoretic model that helps patients in short of attention engage in a game-based environment to enhance the behavior of their current state of attention and leads to an improved focus. The model introduces six modular components capturing essential units that are intended to be modularly combined to define an augmented reality gamification therapy.


Background: We have reported that the ras-related small G-protein Rad plays a critical role in generating arrhythmias. However, its mechanism has not been fully understood. This study was designed ...


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This paper is a critique of the treatment of religion in Maralara Mrutyu, a book of Odia short stories by Surendra Mohanty, which has been translated into English by this author under the title The Death of the Swan. Critics have traced the influence of Freud in some stories of Mohanty. Mohanty himself states that some of his stories are influenced by James Joyce's stream of consciousness technique. In his substitution of extraordinary heroes with ordinary people in many stories and in his vigilant role as a writer against the neocolonialists in a post-independent nation, Mohanty anticipates the postcolonial writers, especially Ngugi Wa Thiongo and Frantz Fanon. However, this paper contends that Mohanty's stories are not confined to any theoretical framework. Mohanty's concern is with the world of ideas, and in his treatment of religion in The Death of the Swan, his concern is with Hinduism. He deals with issues about asceticism, solitude, transcendence and the holy way of life, and the failure of most people to conform to the ideals. In The Death of the Swan, the authorial voice manifests within the narrative form, and the satiric vision plays a prominent role. The presentation of the ancient and the modern, the male and the female, the rich and the poor, and the elite and the illiterate lends universality, authenticity and relevance to his theme and the juxtaposition of the holy and the unholy and the spiritual and the mundane evokes poignancy and produces the desired effect.


Transport properties of Nb/Cu multilayers were measured along and across layers. It is shown that not only the temperature but also the magnetic field parallel to layers can effectively decouple layers and cause the three-to-two{endash}dimensional (3D-2D) crossover. As a consequence of the 3D-2D crossover, sharpening of the resistive transition with current along layers occurs due to the appearance of a strong intrinsic pinning in the 2D state. Evidence for the intrinsic Josephson effect in the 2D state is provided both by the periodic modulation of the dynamic resistance across layers versus the parallel magnetic field and by the multiply branched {ital I}-{ital V} curves caused by flux-flow of Josephson vortices in the stacked superconductor{endash}normal-metal{endash}superconductor junctions composing the multilayer. By measurements across layers the {open_quote}{open_quote}breaking field{close_quote}{close_quote} at which the proximity induced superconductivity in the normal layers of superconductor{endash}normal-metal (Nb/Cu) multilayers is destroyed was observed directly. A dimensionality diagram in the ({ital H}-{ital T}) plane was deduced from our data. Reasons for complication of the {open_quote}{open_quote}Fraunhofer pattern,{close_quote}{close_quote} {ital I}{sub {ital c}}({ital H}), in {open_quote}{open_quote}long{close_quote}{close_quote} multilayers are discussed. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


There are numerous remarkable studies related to the self-organization of polymers, coordination compounds, microscale particles, biomolecules, macroscale particles, surfactants, and reactive molecules on surfaces. The focus of this paper is on the self-organization of nanoscale inorganic particles or simply nanoparticles (NPs). Although there are fascinating and profound discoveries made with other self-assembling structures, the ones involving NPs deserve particular attention because they (a) are omnipresent in Nature; (b) have relevance to numerous disciplines (physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, Earth sciences, and others); (c) embrace most of the features, geometries, and intricacies observed for the self-organization of other chemical species; (d) offer new tools for studies of self-organization phenomena; and (e) have a large economic impact, extending from energy and construction industries, to optoelectronics, biomedical technologies, and food safety. Despite the overall success of the field it is necessary to step back from its multiple ongoing research venues and consider two questions: What is self-assembly of nanoparticles? and Why do we need to study it? The reason to bring them up is to achieve greater scientific depth in the understanding of these omnipresent phenomena and, perhaps, deepen their multifaceted impact.


Contrary to what happens with LC oscillators, the increase of coupling in cross-coupled relaxation RC-oscillators leads to a lower quadrature error and lower phase-noise. We present a 2.4 GHz CMOS quadrature relaxation oscillator, and show the measurements confirming this property. Increasing the coupling block gain, the oscillator phase-noise is reduced from -97 dBc/Hz to -104 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz. The quadrature error is reduced from 4.3deg to 0.8deg. These results show that RC quadrature oscillators may be a practical alternative for RF transceiver applications.


This article assesses the role of policy and legislation in promoting eAccessibility. The latter concerns the design and supply of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products and services, with particular regard to ensuring that they can be used by persons with disabilities and other vulnerable social groups. Using Tanzania as the main focus, the present article highlights inherent features in the country's policy and legal framework typical in designing eExclusive legislations making persons with disability unable to use ICTs effectively. The article commences by providing the understanding of the concept eAccessibility and its defined elements. It then analyses legislation in effecting eAccesibility. The article also assesses compliance of Tanzanian legislation to eAccessibility obligations as imposed by the Convention of the Right of Persons with Disability as adopted in August 25, 2006 by the 8th session of the UN Ad Hoc Committee, in New York (CRPD). Finally, the article ends with a conclusion.


This paper presented a detailed chronological survey of scientific output related to electrochemical oxidation in SCI categories of "environmental sciences, environmental engineering and water resources" from 1975 to 2012. Publications were analyzed by distribution of the number of publications and times cited, source categories, source journals, author keywords,


The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between performance appraisal errors and perceived organizational justice. The study took place at North East Railways in Iran. A random sample of 200 employees was selected and 200 questionnaires were distributed, of which 163 were yielded completed. This research was conducted using two separate instruments. The reliability of these questionnaires has been found to be satisfactory (0.896 and 0.718). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted to test the hypothesis and to examine the relationships between the performance appraisal errors and organizational justice. The result showed performance appraisal errors have a strong in?uence on perceived organizational justice with a signi?cant path coefficient at -0.68.


This editorial refers to 'Cardiomyocyte cell cycle control and growth estimation in vivo —an analysis based on cardiomyocyte nuclei' by S. Walsh et al ., pp. 365–373, this issue.

Cardiomyocytes in mammalian hearts undergo significant reduction in their cell proliferation capacity soon after birth, which is not disputed. However, it remains uncertain whether the adult heart contains a limited capacity for cell proliferation. Through the use of immunohistochemical staining methods, it has been reported that adult mouse cardiomyocytes can re-enter the cell cycle and duplicate.1,2 However, the origin of the cell-cycle-positive cells was not determined. Others reported permanent inhibition of cell-cycle progression in adult cardiomyocytes in mice.3 With advances in lineage tracing technology, a recent genetic labelling study demonstrated that stem or precursor cells did not contribute significantly to the formation of cardiomyocytes during normal ageing up to 1 year in the mouse. In contrast, precursor cells may participate in the formation of new cardiomyocytes after cardiac injury.4 In humans, high myocyte proliferation rates that could result in the exchange of all cardiomyocytes within 5 years have been reported by employing immunostaining technology on sections of human patients who died of acute myocardial infarction.5 In contrast, using 14C dating analyses in humans, Bergmann et al .6 reported that cardiomyocytes are renewed with a gradual decrease from …


This paper investigates large deviation for partial and random sums of random variables where {Xn,n≥1} are independent identically distributed random variables with a common heavy-tailed distribution function F on the real line R and finite mean μ=EX1.{N(t),t≥0} is a renewal counting process of non-negative integer-valued random variables,independent of {Xn,n≥1},S(n)=∑ni=1Xi,S(t)=∑N(t)i=1Xi(t0).Suppose F∈C,this paper furhter extended and improved the some large deviation results by Kluppelberg et.al.and Kaiw et.al.These results can applies to certain problems in insurance and finance.


Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have shown promising potential to stop intervertebral disc degeneration in several animal models. In order to restore a healthy state, though, this potential should be further stimulated. Notochordal cells (NCs), influential in disc development, have been shown to stimulate BMSC differentiation, but it is unclear how this effect will translate in an environment where resident disc cells (nucleus pulposus cells [NPCs]) could also influence BMSCs. The goal of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the effects of NCs on BMSCs when cocultured with NPCs, in a simplified 3D in vitro system. Bovine BMSCs and NPCs were mixed (Mix) and seeded into alginate beads. Using culture inserts, the Mix was then cocultured with porcine NCs (alginate beads) and compared to coculture with empty beads or porcine skin fibroblasts (SFs, alginate beads). NPCs alone were also cocultured with NCs, and BMSCs alone cultured under chondrogenic conditions. The effects of coculture conditions on cell viability, matrix production (proteoglycan and collagen), and gene expression of disc markers (aggrecan, type II collagen, and SOX9) were assessed after 4 weeks of culture. The NC phenotype and gene expression profile were also analyzed. Coculture with NCs did not significantly influence cell viability, proteoglycan production, or disc marker gene expression of the Mix. When compared to NPCs, the Mix produced the same amount of proteoglycan and displayed a higher expression of disc marker, indicating a stimulation of the BMSCs (and/or NPCs) in the Mix. Additionally, during the 4 weeks of culture, the NC phenotype changed drastically (morphology, gene expression profile). These results show that NCs might not be as stimulatory for BMSCs


Abstract In this article, we are concerned with a class of one-dimensional fourth order stochastic Anderson models with double-parameter fractional noises with Hurst parameter . The unique solution is constructed for the model in some appropriate Hilbert space. On the other hand, we shall estimate the Lyapunov exponent of the solution and study its regularity.


Objective: To explore graduation practical ability assessment mode of graduate students in nursing (Master of Nursing Specialist, MNS). Methods: All 28 MNS 2020th graduate students in a university were selected as subjects by convenient sampling method, using the improved 4-station objective structured examination (Objective Structured Clinical Examination, OSCE) model. The assessment content included nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, basic nursing operation, specialist nursing operation, theoretical written test and oral test and overall evaluation. And self-made questionnaire was used to evaluate the effect of the assessment model and the improvement of clinical practice ability of graduate students. Results: The overall satisfaction rate of graduation assessment was 89.51%, the overall satisfaction rate of graduation assessment mode and practical ability improvement evaluation was 84.66%, the pass rate of assessment results was 100%, and the excellent rate was 71.42%. Conclusion: The MNS graduation practical ability assessment model has a high degree of satisfaction, objectively evaluates the knowledge, skills, attitudes and emotions of graduate students, promotes the comprehensive quality and ability of graduate students, which is worthy of promotion.


In order to solve the economical thickness of thermal pipeline of double insulating layers,various kinds of constraint conditions had been considered,the solving program was designed by Visual Basic 6.0.Because of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of thermal insulating material changes with temperature,the average temperature of the every layer material was solved by iterating and its calculating program was designed.Pipeline temperature field was simulated by ANSYS12.0,and radial temperature change curve of pipeline was drawed.When innner and external material with the same thickness both meet conditions of the engineering practical heat resistance and resistance,and coefficient of thermal conductivity of the inner material is smaller than external material,heat dissipating capacity of per unit length of pipeline is less.


Recently the concerns about environmental contaminants has widened to include not just persistent organic pollutants like pesticides (POPs) but pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) as well. PPCPs encompass a broad class of chemicals, ranging from over-the-counter and prescription drugs, to sunscreen and fragrances. Unlike priority pollutants, most PPCPs are not lipophilic, so they do not bioaccumulate in the environment [1]. While not persistent in terms of a long half-life, these chemicals are constantly entering the environment, resulting in long-term exposure for the aquatic ecosystem. Little is known about the toxicology of these compounds in aquatic ecosystems, but there is enough concern to warrant a proactive response. Too often, regulatory changes for chemicals in the environment are implemented in response to a problem. This newsletter will explore PPCPs' potential for human health effects.


The Elton Inquiry managing behaviour - what does it mean? forestalling behaviour problems promoting good behaviour correcting bad behaviour encouraging positive thinking managing pupils' behaviour towards each other working collaboratively with colleagues, parents and pupils.


A finite element computer program has been developed for evaluating the transient behavior of surface temperature in high performance spur gears. The program is an extension of a previously developed code that was limited to steady-state behavior. The time dimension is implemented using two- and three-point finite difference schemes. The different schemes are provided to the user for the purpose of numerical stability and convergence studies. A detailed explanation of the gear cooling process leading to the establishment of a modified Blok model is also included. Other conventional models for approximating the heat transfer coefficients are available for comparison. Preliminary results are given showing snap shots of gear temperature contours at the initial stages of tooth engagement.


In order to study the signal transduction mechanism of human endothelial cells (EC), the regulation of superoxide anion (O2−) release in EC has been investigated using the calcium ionophore A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a potential activator of the Ca2+ activated, phospholipid‐dependent protein kinase, designated "protein kinase C." PMA enhanced O2− release from EC, and this enhancement occurred regardless of the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+. A similar increase was produced by A23187; omission of extracellular Ca2+ prevented this increase. Simultaneous stimulation with PMA and A23187 produced a large increase in O2− release at submaximal concentrations of these agents, which, when added separately, caused minimal effects. These findings indicate that the activation of protein kinase C and mobilization of Ca2+ evoked by PMA and A23187 respectively are synergistically effective for eliciting a full physiological response of EC in the generation and release of O2−.


Since its expansion in 1986, the False Claims Act FCA)[2] has been the subject of numerous creative theories that seek to apply that law to healthcare providers. One of the more recent trends is for the government and private plaintiffs to argue that FCA liability may be premised on the failure to meet a minimum level of quality in providing care. Even though the so-called "quality of care" theory (or its first cousin, the "worthless services" theory) under the FCA has been used for several years (without much success), courts continue to struggle with the limits of such claims and routinely look to early "quality of care" cases for guidance.


Objective To provide reference for the preliminary screening of pathogens,the database of common clinical symptoms and epidemiological information of pathogens was established.Methods The etiological characteristics and clinical characteristics of pathogens of communicable disease as well as related laboratory testing and epidemiology information were collected,and the database platform was designed and developed by using advanced J2EE technology.Results The reference system of clinical symptoms and epidemiology information of pathogens was established,which can be used on web and maintained by routine management.Conclusion The development and application of the database can provide reference for the confirmation of the pathogens of communicable diseases.


With regard to the psychological problems in interpersonal contact for college students,an analysis is made of their subjective and objective causes,specific strategies.Suggestions are further proposed to improve and facilitate interpersonal contact among college students.


This report discusses the feasibility of making temperature profile measurements in the fuel preburner of the main engine of the space shuttle (SSME) using coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). The principal thrust of the work is to identify problems associated with making CARS measurements in high temperature gas phase hydrogen at very high pressures (approx 400 atmospheres). To this end a theoretical study was made of the characteristics of the CAR spectra of H2 as a function of temperature and pressure and the accuracy with which temperatures can be extracted from this spectra. In addition the experimental problems associated with carrying out these measurements on a SSME at NSTL were identified. A conceptual design of a CARS system suitable for this work is included. Many of the results of the calculations made in this report are plotted as a function of temperature. In the course of presenting these results, it was necessary to decide whether the number of density or the pressure should be treated as a fixed parameter.


Critical power characteristics in the postulated abnormal transient processes that may be possibly met in the operation of Innovative Water Reactor for Flexible Fuel Cycle (FLWR) were investigated for the design of the FLWR core. Transient Boiling Transition (BT) tests were carried out using two sets of 37-rod tight lattice rod bundles (rod diameter: 13 mm; rod clearance: 1.3 mm or 1.0 mm) at Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) under the conditions covering the FLWR operating condition (Pex = 7:2 MPa, Tin = 556 K) for mass velocity G = 400-800 kg/(m2 s). For the postulated power increase and flow decrease transients, no obvious change of the critical power against the steady one was observed. The traditional quasi-steady characteristic was confirmed to be working for the postulated power increase and flow decrease transients. The experiments were analyzed with TRAC-BF1 code, where the JAEA newest critical power correlation for the tight lattice rod bundles was implemented for the BT judgment. The TRAC-BF1 code showed good prediction for the occurrence or the non occurrence of the BT and for the exact BT starting time. The traditional quasi-steady state prediction of the BT in transient process was confirmed to be applicable for the postulated abnormal transient processes in the tight lattice rod bundles.


In the cultivation of plant organization, people attach little importance to the real effect of pH, which affects the cell division. We collected some materials, combined with our work, and found that: pH of the environment affects separately pH of the cell, the role of the plant hormone, pysiology catabolism, the growth and division of the cultivation, so it is the factor that should be considered important in the cultivation of culture medium.


Through comparison and analysis of geometric cognition level of Han,Mongolian and Korean middle school students in the Northeast of China,we found that their geometric cognition level is rather low and their ethnic differences affect their mathematics learning in different degrees.Course designers and teachers should design mathematics course and textbooks according to cognitive level of students from different ethnic groups and teach according to students' psychological development.


We report on the completion of the development, space-qualification and delivery of the flight lasers for NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter instrument.


A systematic procedure is given for generating analytic approximations to the wave–particle energy transfer in magnetized transit-time interactions. The procedure can be applied to any wave-packet field structure, and yields especially simple results in the physically important limits of (i) small and large Larmor radius and (ii) small and large values of the ratio of the wave frequency to the cyclotron frequency. In many applications, the approximations developed here are the only viable means of calculating the wave—particle energy transfer, because the exact analytic theory and numerical test-particle calculations are too demanding computationally.


Aims: The environmental advantages of organic over conventional agriculture have gained increasing importance in the last decades. The organic agriculture discourse has been mainly propelled by food-sufficient countries in the West and the emerging economies in Asia. Strangely, it has not attracted similar attention in Sub-Saharan Africa where agriculture plays a significant role in the economy, is a key livelihood activity for most inhabitants and food insufficiency is rampant. The objective of this paper is to comparatively analyze sustainability aspects of conventional and organic agriculture, using the common cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata. Study Design: We apply the randomized complete block design. Place and Duration of Study: Centre de Formation du Noun (CEFAN), in Noun division, in the western region of Cameroon, between August and October 2016. Methodology: 1250 cabbage plants were planted on 10 equal and randomly selected plots. 5 replications were each subjected to conventional and organic practices. Plant parameters such as Original Research Article Balgah et al.; ARJA, 9(2): 1-14, 2018; Article no.ARJA.42498 2 leaf area, plant height, survival rates, plant yields and soil pH were recorded from randomly selected plants from all plots, and used to estimate economic and ecological sustainability dimensions. Results: Data analysis revealed that all captured parameters with the exception of soil pH were higher on average in the conventional agriculture plots. Survival rates and subsequent gross margin were significantly higher for conventionally cultivated cabbages (X 2 =.05, P=.04 respectively). Conclusion: We therefore conclude that in agriculture-dependent economies at lower levels of development where market differentiation is highly deficient, conventional agriculture should be the preferred practice.


Let's take a positive view. The mountain is an emblem of all the forms of wholesale death: the deluge, the great conflagration (sterminator Vesevo, as the great poet was to say), but also of survival, of human persistence. In this instance, nature run amok also makes culture, makes artifacts by murdering, petrifying history. In such disasters there is much to appreciate. Susan Sontag, The Volcano Lover Introduction The vivid memory of a photograph in my grammar-school Latin textbook that showed the body of a dog, cast in a convulsed pose since the Plinian eruption of Vesuvius in antiquity, serves always to remind me that volcanic eruptions can be harmful to the health of animals, ourselves included. It is stating the obvious to allude to the lethal hazards of catastrophic vulcanicity, be they lava, mud or pyroclastic flows, or deep tephra, for living systems. The broader biological interest of vulcanicity is not so much in its lethality as in the statistics of survival and the modes of recolonization in devastated areas. Thus my focus in what follows is on survival and revival of animal communities; survival as a facet of the perennial debate concerning the role of refugia, and revival as part of the little-understood process of primary colonization by animals.


This article examines journalism on Harlem's Black Jews in Ashkenazic and African American newspapers in the interwar years. While Jewish reporters approached Black Jews incredulously and enquired about their true origins, black papers described them in matter-of-fact tones. These disparate journalistic attitudes reflected the two communities' different understandings of the connection between "black" and "Jew." They also stemmed from the unequal opportunities facing the groups during a period of transformation in American ethnoracial classifications. Jews, on the cusp of "becoming white" in mainstream eyes, sought to distinguish themselves from black people, while blacks, confined to the base of the racial hierarchy, received the sects with racial solidarity.


This article discusses about the Islamic school culture as an effort to instill religious values in school institutions. Where the demand to create a good environmental setting is a necessity in the teaching of Islam, this is aimed not only as an effort to provide knowledge, experience as well as exemplary in religion directly on the learners, so that in life, learners are able to interact well. This research was conducted at SMP Islamic Qon Gresik, a public school institution that has an academic peculiarity with its religious content in it. The results of this study indicate that learners who are familiarized to do good in the process with the given environment setting, then by itself they will get used to doing good without any compulsion from other. The moral development of children in the modern era today requires a role model and direction to learn to be good, without the role model and direction then he will be a blind person to religious values, and finally juvenile delinquency will spread and become the worries of society and become public waste


A simple method for the voltammetric characterization of chemically synthesized conductive polymers such as polypyrrole is demonstrated. This method consists of dispersing the conductive polymer particles in a carrier polymer solution [e.g., Nafion R or poly(vinylchloride)], and subsequently immobilizing the resulting composite on a support electrode surface. The utility of these materials in electrocatalytic applications is also illustrated using the hydrogen evolution reaction as an example


A new CML-type monostable/bistable logic element IC is fabricated using monolithically integrated resonant tunnelling diodes (RTDs) and InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). The D-flip-flop function of the fabricated circuit is confirmed up to 20 Gbit/s at room temperature. This result indicates the potential of the RTD/HBT technology for high-speed logic applications.


General and specific combining ability of different onion cultivars were stimated from a dialletic cross system involving 5 parental lines and Fl hybrids, without including reciprocal ones. The obtained results indicated that the variation among genotypes due the specific combining ability effects were outoustanding, having the evaluated lines important differences in relation to the non-additive gene action, as a component of the total genetic variation. The varieties with the highest general combining ability were: « Sebaquena » and «Red Creole C-5», variety « Sebaquena » oustanded because it had the specific combining ability for yield character. The best hybrid combinations for the highest specific combining ability of the different evaluated characters specially for yield were e «Red Creole x Red Creole C-5», «Caribe-71 x Sebaquena » and « Sebaquena x Red Creole C-5».


The pyramids that sit atop the Giza plateau are a fascinating example of ancient megalithic construction. There are numerous theories explaining their construction so this paper attempts to test some of the claims made by egyptologists. It was found that the Great pyramid of Giza could be built by 20,000 men, over the 20 year time period suggested, with an excess intake of only 17 kcalories per worker per day.


Oil exploration and exploitation is a lucrative business and one of the major sources of revenue in Nigeria. Each year, hundreds of post-impact assessment (PIA) studies are conducted to assess the impact of the hazards generated by the oil industry on social environment and on human health. This hazardous impact is the associated with the activities of illegal refining of crude oil. Thus, this work examined the impact of illegal crude oil refining activities in Jike-Ama river of Jike-Ama community. Shellfish, fish, surface water and sediment samples were randomly collected in triplicates. Physiochemical parameters, heavy metal content, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total hydrocarbon content of the water in addition to heavy metal content and PAHs in fish, Shellfish and sediment were determined. The results of the physicochemical parameters showed that pH, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, turbidity and total hydrocarbon content of water were above FEPA permissible limits while chloride, nitrate and sulphate detected in water were within FEPA permissible limits. Dissolved oxygen was observed to be below FEPA permissible limit. The mean concentration of heavy metals and PAHs in sediment showed significant difference (p<0.05) when compared with values for Shellfish and fish and were above FEPA and Original Research Article Ndidi et al.; IJBCRR, 29(6): 46-51, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.52678 47 WHO permissible limits. Shellfish had higher concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs than fish. PAHs values in shellfish showed significant difference (p<0.05). Heavy metals concentration in fish were above permissible limits except Cr, Zn and Pb. Concentration of PAHs in fish, shellfish, surface water and sediment were generally above FEPA and WHO permissible limits. This findings suggests high concentration of contaminants in Jike-Ama river.


Introduction S. Martin. 1. `Integration a la carte' the Primacy of Politics and the Economic Integration of Western Europe in the 1950s W. Abelshauser. 2. Europe's First Constitution: the European Political Community, 1952-1954 R.T. Griffiths. 3. EC Regional Policy and the Evolution of the Structural Funds A. Evans, S. Martin. 4. Economic and Social Cohesion in the 1990s S. Holland. 5. The Institutional Dynamics of European Integration: from the Single Act to the Maastricht Treaty R. Dehousse, G. Majone. 6. The New Germany and European Union after Maastricht: the Difficult Way Ahead R. Morgan, T. Christiansen. 7. The European Community and Central and Eastern Europe J. Blondel. 8. The Impact of Systemic Transition on the European Community D.M. Nuti. 9. Sources of European Administrative Law J. Schwarze. 10. Soft Law and Institutional Practice in the European Community F. Snyder. 11. Women and the Law: in Search of an Ever-Evasive Equality Y. Kravaritou. 12. Price Leadership and Conscious Parallelism L. Phlips. Appendix A: Emile Noel's Contribution to Europe K. Meyer. Appendix B: Merci, Monsieur Noel M. Buzzonetti. Index.


The process is exothermic, and the activation energy for fouling is greater than that for the main reaction, a situation applicable to steam reforming as suggested by Rostrup-Nielsen. For parallel and series fouling, an increase in the Thiele modulus (q) increases the catalyst deactivation rate, but the fouling severity is much more pronounced for parallel than for series fouling, particularly at q values. Chu's suggestion that an increase in the value of the appropriate adsorption constants would increase the deactivation rates.


Taking normal storage as the control, we studied the wheat storage qualities under controlled atmosphere storage with N2 at 15 ℃,25 ℃ and 35 ℃ for eight months. The results showed that temperature had significant effects on each storage quality index of wheat. For example,the wheat germination rate was kept stable at 89% at 15 ℃,but decreased to about 80% at 35 ℃. Controlled atmosphere storage with N2 had large effect on the falling number of wheat,but had less effects on other storage quality indexes;the falling number of wheat of the controlled atmosphere storage group was higher than that of the normal group by 15 seconds at 15℃,substantially consistent to the normal group at 25 ℃,and smaller than that of the normal group by 14 seconds at 35 ℃. Comprehensively,low temperature could well keep the wheat storage quality;and controlled atmosphere storage with N2 could show superiority only at high temperature.


The Fourth Industrial Revolution is modifying health and medicine fields with speedy advances in genomics, genetic engineering, synthetic biology, nanotechnology, data science, artificial intelligence and robotics. These scientific and technological advances are proving to uplift the diagnoses and treatment theories. The combination of medical and technological sectors together will transform health and healthcare to become much more connected, precise and democratized, with significantly upgrade human outcomes. This paper will be highlighting the benefits of industry 4.0 on the health and healthcare delivery system of India and to develop new perspectives on the impact and governance of key emerging technologies related to health providers and healthcare systems.


The case of boston's faneuil hall suggests that a politically conscious citizenry of the post-revolutionary era did not lack in imagination when it came to conceiving its public space. From its inception in 1 742, the building had suffered through an abortive career as a city-run marketplace and been widely reviled, but during the Revolutionary War, Faneuil Hall served as the historic site of the Stamp Act protest, the tea tax protest, and the Boston Massacre commemoration. In the aftermath, a civic monument to Boston's tradition of public assemblies was born, as was a figurative expression: the "Cradle of liberty," synonymous with the name of Faneuil Hall, and signifying the popular sovereignty of free speech. By the early nineteenth century, this trope and its historic associations had gained such purchase on the civic life of Bostonians that the building's previous incarnation was forgotten. In keeping with its standing as the "Cradle of liberty," Faneuil Hall was recreated as the birthplace of democracy, the place where colonial subjects grasped their right of free speech and became "the people." Dignitaries and public officials of the new republic gathered in the building to toast its name, while civic architect Charles Bulfinch was commissioned in 1805 to adorn the old marketplace with republican ornamentation suitable to its figurative appellation. Indeed, the trope for Faneuil Hall seemed to authorize not only the form and function of the public space but the exercise of free speech, which was said to pay tribute to Faneuil Hall. An 1826 pamphlet offered an appropri-