Interest balance is the principle not only for law-making, but also for justice. It also can be applied in the intellectual property right law. The principle of interest balance in it can be investigated from the perspective of jurisprudent. It is the need to coordinate the interest conflict in it. It is the need to realize equality and legal value in it and it is what expressed in it. It is not only the need but the base and guarantee to achieve the goal of public interest in it. Particularly, as the system to protect private right, intellectual property right law itself implies important public interest goal and in order to realize this goal, the principle of interest balance must be introduced.


Purpose Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause to lead to chronic pain. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been widely used to treat nerve disorders and chronic pain. The benefits of tDCS for chronic pain are apparent, but its analgesic mechanism is still unclear. This study observed the analgesic effects of tDCS on OA-induced chronic pain and the changes of NMDA receptor levels in PAG after tDCS treatment in rats to explore the analgesic mechanism of tDCS. Methods After establishing chronic pain by injecting monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the rat ankle joint, the rats received tDCS for 14 consecutive days (20 min/day). Before tDCS treatment, Ifenprodil (the selective antagonist of NMDAR2B) was given to rats in different ways: intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The Von Frey and hot plate tests were applied to assess the pain-related behaviors at different time points. The expression level of NMDAR2B was evaluated in midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) by Western blot. In addition, NMDAR2B and c-Fos were observed by the Immunohistochemistry staining after tDCS treatment. Results The mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were produced after MIA injection. However, tDCS treatment reverted the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Moreover, tDCS treatment significantly increased the expression of NMDAR2B and the proportion of positive stained cells of NMDAR2B. Besides that, the tDCS treatment also decreased the proportion of positive stained cells of c-Fos in PAG. However, these changes did not occur in the rats given the Ifenprodil (i.c.v.). Conclusion These results indicate that tDCS may increase the expression of NMDA receptors in PAG and strengthen the NMDA receptors-mediated antinociception to alleviate OA-induced chronic pain in rats.


Ocean is a popular program from the SPLASH-2 parallel benchmark suite. A complete application, as opposed to a computational kernel, Ocean is often used as a representative of a well-tuned parallel program in architectural studies. However, we find there is a danger in using Ocean to evaluate proposed enhancements that purport to either improve scalability or reduce synchronization overhead. The default Ocean code contains an ill-advised code segment that seriously handicaps its "base" performance in common architectural studies. We provide the one-line fix for the offending code that improves performance by as much as a factor of 2.3, and suggest that architecture researchers using Ocean to evaluate their new ideas---especially when discussing scalability or synchronization---change their code immediately.


The pathogenicity and transmissibility of a reassortant clade 126.96.36.199 avian influenza A (H5N6) virus were evaluated in ferrets. Virus excretion was detected in the upper respiratory tract, but the ferrets did not show any clinical signs of infection. Transmission did not occur between cohoused or respiratory droplet-contact ferrets.


Induced pluripotent stem cells, and discloses a method of making an artificial pluripotent stem cells from human kidney-derived cells. More specifically, ectodermal, discloses a human kidney-derived iPS cells can differentiate into mesoderm, and endoderm series cells.


Let denote a generalized Wiener space, the space of real-valued continuous functions on the interval and define a stochastic process by for and , where with a.e. and is continuous on . Let random vectors and be given by and , where is a partition of . In this paper we derive a translation theorem for a generalized Wiener integral and then prove that is a generalized Brownian motion process with drift . Furthermore, we derive two simple formulas for generalized conditional Wiener integrals of functions on with the drift and the conditioning functions and . As applications of these simple formulas, we evaluate the generalized conditional Wiener integrals of various functions on .


In our previous paper, we reported the development of new xanthendiol derivatives applied to the negative-tone molecular resists for EB/EUVL. We also reported the EB patterning result showed the resist containing the new xanthendiol, 13-biphenyl-13H-benzoxanthen-3,10-diol, could resolve the 30 nm half-pitch pattern. In this paper, we report the resist containing the new xanthendiol could resolve the 20 nm half-pitch pattern without pattern collapse by optimizing formulation and conditions. Furthermore 15 nm half-pitch patterns were partially resolved. And the EUVL patterning result also shows 20 nm half-pitch pattern.


The present paper describes apparatus which may be found useful whenever it is desired to maintain continuous populations of certain kinds of insects over long periods of time. Specifically, the present apparatus is designed for the maintenance and handling of Drosophila populations, but it may, with or without modification, be used for a large variety of different forms. As is now well known, the principal advantage of maintaining what is called a continuous population, is that it avoids the serious sampling error which results from transferring populations from one container to another.


The article's aim is to present an integrative review of the national literature in psychology concerning the use of the Phenomenological Empirical Method to understand how it has been applied and its contributions to the production of scientific knowledge in Brazil. To this end, a virtual data survey has been conducted aimed at finding published articles from the last ten years. The sample has been composed of eight articles with analysis being characterized by such categories as: title, author, publishing year, periodic, types of study, aims, description and method application, so as in, the principal results that had been found. The results indicated two important conclusions: The lack of publications that use the method in question and, on the other hand, the important contributions of theses studies about human's understanding, their experiences and how they are experienced, material of significant validity to the science of psychology.


Background: Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Probiotics are viable and useful microorganisms that have an effective role in controlling cancer by influencing the digestive enzymes of animals and humans, inhibition of cancerous agents in the body and in vitro conditions, suppression of lotions, and cancer-inducing compounds and tumors in experimental animals. The present study was conducted to investigate the PTEN/ AKT1 cellular signaling pathway in adjacent cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus with HT29 colon cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Bacterial culture, supernatant and bacterial extract were prepared and the cells were treated with these materials. Cell necrosis was evaluated by the MTT method. Also, the expression of PTEN and AKT1 genes in HT29 cell line was investigated using the real-time PCR. Results: The results showed that the thermophiles bacterium reduced the expression of AKT1 genes, and increased the expression of PTEN and led the cancerous cells toward apoptosis. The MTT test showed that the concentration of OD=0.05 had the highest mortality in 4 hours. Conclusion: Thermophiles bacteria can be used to create a novel therapeutic effect with high impact, low side effects, harmless biological effect and lower costs. Also, it can be used as an extra treatment appropriate to the body's natural flora for the treatment and prevention of colon cancer.


Business systems all over the world are in a change process. The process from input orientation to output orientation is ongoing in business and industry. In the days of input orientation, work was measured on the basis of time. At the workplace employees were paid on the basis of their time, not for their productivity. The human being's inner urge egoism makes one human want to impose his/her doing onto the others. This supremacy is important, it justifies one's own existence. Supremacy means assertion and survival of the individual. Consumers become a brand by themselves. Strong brands are a valuable asset for the seller. A brand can help build up customer loyalty. The traditional consumer is not very flexible and is not changing his brand very often. The young one is more flexible and does not take care too much about brand.


By applying the SVM theory in a quantitative analysis of loess SEM images,this paper puts forward a new method for calculating soil microstructure parameters,which convert pore zone distinguishment to pore pixel dot assortment.Q3 loess SEM images before and after seismic subsidence test are processed by using the above method and parameters such as pore numbers,pore areas,surface porosity,pore fractal dimension and pore distribution graph are achieved.The results show that after test macropores decrease in areas,mesopores and fine pores increase in numbers,and seismic subsidence is mainly induced by macropore failure.


The invention discloses MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) equipment with multiple sub-reactors. The equipment comprises a gas circuit device and the sub-reactors. According to the equipment, the gas circuit device and gas distribution devices are utilized, and consistent epitaxial thin films or device structures are simultaneously grown under the same condition through at least two sets of MOCVD sub-reactors which are completely the same; the number of the sub-reactors rather than the capacity of each reactor is increased, so that the batch productivity of the MOCVD equipment is improved, flow field and temperature field control difficulty caused by the increasing of the capacity of the single reactor is overcome, and the MOCVD equipment can be used for large-scale production.


The invention provides an Ethernet path obtaining method and device; the method comprises the following steps: determining an object path from a shortest path set; determining whether the object pathhas passed all nodes in an electric layer forwarding domain E-FD or not; if not, using the object path tail node as a novel head node, using the object path to update the shortest path set until the object path passes all nodes of the E-FD, and using the path on which the object path passes all nodes of the E-FD as the finally determined Ethernet path, wherein the object path is not spliced and passes all nodes in the E-FD. A conventional method in the prior art is complex in an Ethernet path calculating process, and cannot consider the path cost; the method and device can solve said problems,thus simplifying the Ethernet path calculations and reducing path costs.


IN A DISCUSSION OF A PAPER OF THIS TITLE, THE OBSERVATION IS MADE THAT THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR FOUNDATIONS SHOULD INCLUDE NOT ONLY THE ASPECTS OF SAFETY AGAINST SHEAR, SETTLEMENT, AND DAMAGE TO NEIGHBORING STRUCTURES, BUT ALSO THE ASPECT OF SAFETY AGAINST UNUSUAL SUBSOIL PROPERTIES LIKE SWELLING, SHRINKING, THE COLLAPSE OF THE STRUCTURE ON SATURATION AND FROST, ETC. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT A CONSIDERATION OF LOCATION SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE GUIDELINES PROVIDED FOR A REPORT. ITEMS LISTED UNDER LOGS OF BORINGS AND TEST PITS ARE REVIEWED. SUMMARIZED RESULTS OF OBSERVATIONS, AND FIELD TESTS SUCH AS STANDARD OR CONE PENETRATION, VANE SHEAR AND FIELD DENSITY BY NUCLEAR PROBE, SHOULD BE INCORPORATED IN THE LOG. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING PRESSURE OF DRILLING FLUID MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE CONSIDERATION OF ROCKY PROFILES. A REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS DURING CONSTRUCTION SHOULD BE EXTENDED TO THE PERFORMANCE STAGE TO COVER LONG TERN SETTLEMENTS. SOUNDING TESTS WITH AN UNCASED DYNAMIC CONE TEST WHICH CAN BE BOTH ECONOMICALLY AND QUICKLY CONDUCTED TO OBTAIN STATISTICALLY THE STRONGEST AND WEAKEST ZONES ARE SUGGESTED. THE USE OF SHEET PILE OR PERMANENT CONTINUOUS DIAPHRAGM WALL SO AS TO LOCALIZE DEWATERING AND ACT AS A RETAINING WALL HAS BEEN FOUND TO BE BOTH TIME SAVING AND ECONOMICAL FOR A NUMBER OF SITES. IN AREAS HAVING LOW WATER TABLES, LAYING FOUNDATIONS WHEN THE SUBSOIL IS DRIEST AND COVERING THEM WITH AN IMPERVIOUS SEAL COAT HAS PRODUCED GOOD RESULTS. CARE IS ALSO TAKEN TO PROVIDE IMPERVIOUS BACKFILL SLOPING AWAY FROM THE STRUCTURE.


The present study investigates the turbulent hydrodynamics in an open channel flow with an emergent and sparse vegetation patch placed in the middle of the channel. The dimensions of the rigid vegetation patch are 81 cm long and 24 cm wide and it is prepared by a 7× 10 array of uniform acrylic cylinders by maintaining 9 cm and 4 cm spacing between centers of two consecutive cylinders along streamwise and lateral directions respectively. From the leading edge of the patch, the observed nature of time averaged flow velocities along streamwise, lateral and vertical directions is not consistent up to half length of the patch; however the velocity profiles develop a uniform behavior after that length. In the interior of the patch, the magnitude of vertical normal stress is small in comparison to the magnitudes of streamwise and lateral normal stresses. The magnitude of Reynolds shear stress profiles decreases with increasing downstream length from the leading edge of the vegetation patch and the trend continues even in the wake region downstream of the trailing edge. The increased magnitude of turbulent kinetic energy profiles is noticed from leading edge up to a certain length inside the patch; however its value decreases with further increasing downstream distance. A new mathematical model is proposed to predict time averaged streamwise velocity inside the sparse vegetation patch and the proposed model shows good agreement with the experimental data.


Abstract Lignin was extracted from some underutilized plant materials using soda–anthraquinone and soda–anthraquinone–ethanol pulping chemicals. Soda–anthraquinone–ethanol gave higher lignin yield, ranging from 44.47% to 50.41% versus 39.40% to 47.92% of soda-anthraquinone. The isolated lignin was used as a partial substitution for phenol in preparation of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde. The free formaldehyde of the resins ranges from 0.25% to 0.67% versus 1.23% of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin used as control. The bonding effectiveness of the resin was evaluated when used as glue for board preparation. The density of the board ranges from 333.54 Kg/m3 to 363.84 Kg/m3. The result revealed that Musa sapientum-, Musa parasidiaca- and Tithonia diversifolia- soda–anthraquinone-derived resins, and soda-anthraquinone–ethanol-derived resin of M. parasidiaca and T. diversifolia had boards with better modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) than the board obtained using PF resin.


In the competition of high level smart phone LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) technology, due to the advancement of market, the size, resolution and technology of mobile phone display need to be improved by manufacturers every year to gain more business opportunity and market share. However, the yield of LCD has a great influence on the cost and quality of finished product. This study takes a small and medium sized TFT LCD mobile panel manufacturer as example, by using the method of Six Sigma DMAIC, through the improvement process of Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control, so as to improve the defect of small tiny bright dot in the processing of TFT-LCD Cell. Meanwhile, by listening to the voice of customers and combining company strategy, according to the business performance index, Key Performance Index is drew up to make sure the emphases of Six Sigma project, by which continuous improvement project, various experiments and statistic method are conducted, so as to find out important impact factor and conduct optimization and control, finally, the improvement result of index is monitored as well as the overall efficiency is evaluated. Through Six Sigma Method and DOE (Design of Experiments), process variation could be reduced, the quality target could be reached and the reject ratio could be reduced from 17% to 2%. In addition, the number of experiments is also reduced and an annual financial improvement of almost 0.5 billion is reached as well.


Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE),DNA-sequencing,and Principal Component Analysis(PCA) technologies were adopted to assess the soil microbial community structure changes during the evolution of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation soil quality.The relationship between soil microbial community structure and soil quality changes was analyzed from C.Lanceolata plantations with different soil qualities at the Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology,CAS.The dominant species of soil bacteria in the C.Lanceolata plantations in this region are α,β,γ-proteobacteria,and Cytophaga Flexibacter Bacterioides(CFB).The dominant species of fungi are the Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes subphylum species.The Shannon index showed that bacterial diversity associated with monospecific C.lanceolata plantations was lower than that of the natural forest or mixed C.lanceolata plantations.With continuous planting of artificial fir,the index continues to decrease.The replacement of natural forest with artificial fir also affects microbial species composition.For example,bacteria species with a close phylogenetic relationship to Pedobacter cryoconitis disappear from the artificial fir plantation soil.However,bacteria species with a close phylogenetic relationship to Xanthomonas sp.and Rhodanobacter sp.begin to appear in the soil of the continuously planted artificial fir forest.The pattern of change in the fungi community structure is opposite to that in the bacteria community.When the artificial fir forest replaces the natural forest,artificial fir is continuously planted,and the soil fungi diversification index continues to increase.The fungi community structure varies significantly between the third generation of artificial fir forest and the natural forest.Some fungi became dominant in the third generation of artificial fir forest,including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,Mycosphaerella cannabis and Marasmius graminum.Other research has shown that S.sclerotiorum and M.cannabis can cause a variety of plant diseases,and M.graminum is a litter decomposition bacterium.The dominant fungi species originally existing in the natural forest soil disappear from the third generation artificial fir forest soil.The soil bacteria and fungi community structures of the mixed C.lanceolata-Michelia macclurei and C.lanceolata-Alnus cremastogyne plantations are similar to the dominant edaphon species in the natural forest.This study evaluated the relationship between soil quality evolution and changes in microbial communities and functional groups by correlation analysis.The soil bacteria diversification index has a positive correlation with the total organic carbon(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),extracted Carbon(Cext),ammoniacal nitrogen(NH+4-N),available potassium,available phosphorus and pH of the soil.The fungi diversification index change is positively correlated with the C ∶N ratio in the soil but negatively correlated with the pH.These findings suggest that different silvicultural practices have significant impacts on the soil microbial community through influences on soil chemical properties.There were significant correlations between soil quality evolution and changes in dominant soil microorganism species and soil quality change is related to the dominant species changes in soil bacteria and fungi.For example,Burkholderia sp.and Pedobacter sp.can dissolve phosphorus and potassium and the pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas sp.,and pathogenic fungi S.sclerotiorum and M.cannabis can cause plant diseases.The dominance of these species changes with soil quality evolution from natural forest to artificial fir plantations.


Cesarean section for delivery of the second twin after successful vaginal delivery of the first twin is an infrequent and unusual occurrence. But this management of twin delivery has increased during the last years. A series of 371 pairs of twins born between 1978 and 1991 were reviewed. 12 second twins (3.2%) were delivered by cesarean section after vaginal delivery of the first twin. The initial 20 minutes the main indications were fetal distress and prolapsed umbilical cord. Beyond the first 20 minutes malpresentations were more frequent. In this group we have seen a better fetal outcome. An influence of the interdelivery time on the cesarean section rate of the second twin was not noted. No significant differences were seen for neonatal morbidity for all 197 vaginal delivered second twins with increasing interval.


The present invention relates to a segment body for a conveyor belt scraper which includes a rotationally fixed manner can be connected to the support section (20) of a mounting body (10), and is designed to have a wear element from the at least one (40) applying a force of holding portions (90). Furthermore, a support portion (30) and the holding portion (90) (10) in contact with the mounting body, and at least one spring element (50) is provided between the holding portion and the mounting body (10) (90), wherein the spring element and mounting body (10) and the holding portion (90) interact such that a force may be transmitted from the at least one spring element (50) to the holding portion (90).


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily cope with a change in the dimensions of a bump without generating any gaps. SOLUTION: A method for processing a wafer 20 having a plurality of bumps B formed on a surface 21 includes the steps of: applying a first film 11 onto the surface of a wafer; cutting the first film along a bump region 25 where bumps are formed on the surface of a wafer; stripping one portion 11b of the first film corresponding to the bump region; and applying a second film 12 onto the surface of a wafer. The thickness of the first film after it is applied onto the wafer is preferably equal to the distance between the surface of a wafer and the top of the bumps. Further, the surface of the wafer is held by a table after the second film is applied and then the backside of the wafer can be ground. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT


Open-framework materials, especially zeolites based on TO4 (T = Si, Al, P, etc.) tetrahedra have been extensively studied because of their intriguing structural topologies and potential applications in the fields of catalysis, ion-exchange, and gas adsorption. Nowadays, the constituent elements of the inorganic skeleton of these materials have been expanded largely from the main group to transition metal. Among the numerous open-framework materials, metal sulfates have not attracted much attention due to the poor hydroand thermo-stability till Rao et al. reported the first organo-templated metal sulfate in the last decade. Since then, a number of transition metal sulfates, lanthanum sulfates, and uranium sulfates, with diverse structures and interesting properties have been synthesized and reported. Different to those tetrahedron-based zeolites, the metals in the metal sulfates usually exhibit 6or higher coordination numbers. There has been no report, to the best of our knowledge, on the synthesis of metal sulfates with 4-connecting zeolite topology. Our studies aimed at exploring new porous materials with interesting structure and properties, which have led to a series of metal phosphates, fluro-transition metal sulfates with 2-D and 3-D frameworks, and rare earth sulfates with fluorescent properties. Herein, we reported the synthesis of two manganese sulfates from a mixed solvent of ethylene glycol (EG) and water by using piperazine sulfate (PzH2SO4) as structure directing agents (SDAs), one of which possesses a 4-connecting zeolite gismondine (GIS)type structure and the other is a 1D chain polymer. The title compounds were synthesized in the mixed solvent of EG and water with PzH2SO4 (synthesized by following the reported method) as SDAs.{ Both compounds were obtained under the same conditions except the different metal salts used as raw materials. Chloride salt was used in the synthesis of 1 while manganese acetate was used in 2. Although the anions were not included into the final products, they were thought to be one of the key factors in the formation of title compounds. In the meanwhile, the solvent and SDAs also played important roles during the synthesis, which were not included in the structure of 1 either. Many attempts to obtain 1 without the use of PzH2SO4 have not been successful. The anions and SDAs may affect the composition and acidity of the starting gel, which play important roles in the formation of the title compounds. The purities of both compounds were verified by power X-ray diffraction studies (Fig. S1 in ESI3). Compound 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group of Fddd.§ The asymmetric unit of 1 contains only six crystallographically unique non-hydrogen atoms, including three O atoms, and one each Mn, S, C atom, respectively (Fig. S3 in ESI3). The Mn atom, sitting on the 2-folded axis along the [010] direction, adopts a six-coordinated octahedral geometry with four basal O atoms shared with adjacent SO4 units and two axial O atoms from the EG molecules. The S atom is located on the 2-folded axis along the [001] direction and is in a tetrahedron environment. The averaged bond lengths of Mn–O and S–O are 2.174(5) and 1.478(1) Å, respectively, which are consistent with those of other reported manganese sulfates. The valence bond calculations of Mn1 (2.13) suggest it is divalent. The 3D framework of 1 is constructed from the strict alternate linkage between MnO6 octahedra and SO4 tetrahedra, with no Mn–O–Mn connection. Each MnO6 octahedron connects with four SO4 tetrahedra, and vice versa. As shown in Fig. 1, the linkages of MnO6 octahedra and SO4 tetrahedra result in two sets of zigzag chains consisting of 4-membered rings (4-MRs) along the [011] and [0-11] direction, respectively. These chains connect to each other through vertexes to form a 3D framework of 1. The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Fax: +86-25-8331 4502; Tel: +86-25-8368 6581 3 Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Methods, table for crystallographic data, bond distances and angles, figures of PXRD, asymmetric units, TGA, crystallographic files for 1 and 2. CCDC 896280 and 896281. For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26441b CrystEngComm


Introduction: We studied the responsiveness and predictive value of two widely used clinical outcome measures that document multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression—the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC)—in patients with primary progressive (PP) MS. Disease course in PPMS shows less fluctuation than in relapsing remitting (RR) MS. Methods: In a group of 161 patients with PPMS, EDSS and MSFC were performed at three timepoints. To assess responsiveness, mean change scores and variances were plotted against baseline scores and effect sizes were calculated. Predictive value was determined by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs) of 1-year changes to predict changes over 2 years. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the predictive value of short-term worsening on EDSS and MSFC. Results: Responsiveness of both EDSS and MSFC was shown to be limited and mean changes were highly dependent on the baseline scores. Effect sizes for EDSS and MSFC were small and inconclusive (0.239 and 0.161). The predictive value of a short-term worsening (baseline to year 1) to predict worsening in the long term (baseline to year 2) was expressed for EDSS by a sensitivity of 0.55 and a LR+ of 8.64. For MSFC, sensitivity was 0.68 and LR+ was 3.14. However, short-term worsening was a poor predictor of subsequent worsening (year 1 to year 2) for EDSS (LR+ 1.06) and this relationship was actually inverse for MSFC (LR+ 0.61). Conclusion: In this study over a period of 2 years in primary progressive multiple sclerosis, the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) was less responsive than the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The predictive value of neither EDSS nor MSFC was very powerful. GLOSSARY: EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale; LRs = likelihood ratios; MS = multiple sclerosis; MSFC = Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite; NPV = negative predictive value; PASAT = Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test; PP = primary progressive; PPV = positive predictive value; RR = relapsing remitting; T25FW = Timed 25-foot Walk.


Laser system for processing links an IC device comprising: a laser source (54) for generating green laser light having a wavelength within a wavelength range of about 510-575 nm for propagating along a first beam path (62); a non-linear crystal (72) disposed along the first beam path (62) such that the non-linear crystal (72) converts a portion of the green laser light into UV light; a beam modulator (80a) disposed along the first beam path (62) and is capable of switching between a state of high attenuation, to provide a low laser system output power suitable for aligning with a target (12), and a state of low attenuation to provide a high laser system output power suitable for call processing to switch; and a UV light detection module (100a) disposed along the first beam path (62) and downstream of the beam modulator (80a) is arranged, wherein the UV-detection module (100a) for detecting UV light from the target (12) reflected is is designed.


In this commentary, the Director of the Arctic Institute, Mike Robinson, discusses the present and future prospects of the Institute including Arctic, ASTIS, Kluane Research Station and professional services contacts.


Telepresence aims to create an immersive but virtual experience of the audio and visual scene at the far-end for users at the near-end. In this contribution, we propose an array-based binaural rendering system that converts the array microphone signals into the head-related transfer function (HRTF)-filtered output signals for headphone-rendering. The proposed approach is formulated in light of a model-matching principle (MMP) and is capable of delivering more immersive experience than the conventional localization-beamforming-HRTF filtering (LBH) approach. The MMP-based rendering system can be realized via multichannel inverse filtering (MIF) and multichannel deep filtering (MDF). In this study, we adopted the MDF approach and used the LBH as well as MIF as the baselines. The all-neural system jointly captures the spatial information (spatial rendering), preserves ambient sound (enhancement), and reduces noise (enhancement) before generating binaural outputs. Objective and subjective tests are employed to compare the proposed telepresence system with two baselines.


Linear economy and extensive economic growth mode excessively depend on the exterior resources.Once the international situation changes,it will seriously threaten the national economic security.To relieve security risks,there is limitation in depending on the market mechanism.So the effective way to relieve national security risks is to develop circular economy through the three principles: reducing,reusing and recycling.


The dependence of the energy resolution of thin foils used in plasma diagnostics on the foil thickness and on the foil stopping power is calculated. (AIP)


The development of new radiation sources has a major impact on the progress of optical trace gas detection. Particularly distributed feedback (DFB) diode lasers have proven to be very useful devices for spectroscopic sensors due to their spectral purity, direct modulation via the injection current, their small size and low acquisition cost. In this contribution we present a new sensor for hydrofluoric acid (HF), based on a room temperature DFB diode laser at 2.47 μm in combination with a photoacoustic detection scheme. The sensor enables detection of HF concentrations of less than 10 ppb with an excellent selectivity.


This paper provides a model for the determination of the parallel market exchange rate premium in a country where oil export earnings accrue directly to the government, and foreign exchange is centrally allocated for the importation of specific goods. Next, it studies the parallel market for foreign exchange in the Islamic Republic of Iran during the period 1978-90. The paper then examines the various time series properties of parallel market exchange rate in Iran, and the evidence of the role of oil and non-oil exports in the determination of the parallel market premium.


1. Platts-Mills TA. The allergy epidemics: 18702010. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136:3-13. 2. Rosario-Filho NA, Jacob CM, Sole D, et al. Pediatric allergy and immunology in Brazil. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2013;24: 402-409. 3. D'Amato G, Vitale C, Rosario N, et al. Climate change, allergy and asthma, and the role of tropical forests. World Allergy Organ J. 2017;10:11. 4. Naspitz CK, Solé D, Jacob CA, et al. Sensitization to inhalant and food allergens in Brazilian atopic children by in vitro total and specific IgE assay: allergy Project PROAL. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80:203-210. 5. Bunne J, Moberg H, Hedman L, et al. Increase in allergic sensitization in schoolchildren: two cohorts compared 10 years apart. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;5:457-463. 6. Venter C, Maslin K, Patil V, et al. The prevalence, natural history and time trends of peanut allergy over the first 10 years of life in two cohorts born in the same geographical location 12 years apart. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016;27:804-811. 7. Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios. 2013. Animais de estimação. Available at: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/ livros/liv94074.pdf. Access in April, 2017. 8. Heinzerling LM, Burbach GJ, Edenharter G, et al. GA(2)LEN skin test study I: GA(2)LEN harmonization of skin prick testing: novel sensitization patterns for inhalant allergens in Europe. Allergy. 2009;64:1498-1506. 9. Patelis A, Dosanjh A, Gunnbjörnsdottir M, et al. New data analysis in a population study raises the hypothesis that particle size contributes to the proasthmatic potential of small pet animal allergens. Ups J Med Sci. 2016;121:25-32. 10. Linneberg A, Nielsen NH, Madsen F, Frølund L, Dirksen A, Jørgensen T. Increasing prevalence of specific IgE to aeroallergens in an adult population: two crosssectional surveys 8 years apart: the Copenhagen Allergy Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000;106:247-252.


Miniaturization, increased speed, and higher accuracy for industrial positioning devices have recently been the main requests for industry upgrades. Using linear motors is an effective way to meet these requests. This paper discusses a linear DC motor (LDM) for high-speed positioning. From transfer function of LDM, it is shown that the electrical time constant and the mechanical time constant are reduced for high-speed positioning. The electrical time constant and the mechanical time constant of LDMs are considered to decrease their constants. The LDM for high-speed positioning was designed and manufactured within the overall dimensions: 72×75×62mm3. The positioning device with the manufactured LDM positions the 0.2 kilogram load within the 10 millimeter stroke in 22 milliseconds.


Abstract : A comparison of the chemical purity, toxicology and efficacy of HI-6 (4-(aminocarbonyl) pyridino)methoxy)methyl)-2(hydroxyimino)methyl)-pyridinium dichloride) obtained from various sources was performed. There were no significant differences between HI-6 obtained from either Israel, Yugoslavia, The Netherlands or Canada regarding their efficacy, when combined with atropine, as an antidote of organophosphate poisoning. HI-6 obtained from Great Britain was significantly more toxic and less efficacious than any of the other HI-6 samples. In addition the results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between HI-6 prepared as a laboratory batch and HI-6 prepared commercially with regards to chemical purity, toxicology or efficacy.


The first part of the studies contains a fundamental work on "Helmuth Plessner. Philosoph und Soziologe-Wissenschaft als Beruf in der Endzeit des bürgerlichen Humanismus" (Philosopher and Socio-Logical Science as a Profession in the Last Days of Bourgeois Humanism), on which Christian von Ferber wrote until old age and whose discussion is still pending. In the second part of the studies, von Ferber describes his career in the post-war period under the influence and in the circles of Helmuth Plessner and other teachers, up to becoming a professor of sociology. He followed three orientations: Science is more than the acquisition of methodological and theoretical competence. Scepticism is appropriate towards statements that cannot relate to primary reality, and science is related to the values of human life. Funda-mental reflections on the freedom-securing character of sociology and on central questions of health policy and social medicine illuminate Christian von Ferber's life's work and the topicality of his questions,


A Web search engine must update its index periodically to incorporate changes to the Web, and we argue in this work that index updates fundamentally impact the design of search engine result caches. Index updates lead to the problem of cache invalidation: invalidating cached entries of queries whose results have changed. To enable efficient invalidation of cached results, we propose a framework for developing invalidation predictors and some concrete predictors. Evaluation using Wikipedia documents and a query log from Yahoo! shows that selective invalidation of cached search results can lower the number of query re-evaluations by as much as 30% compared to a baseline time-to-live scheme, while returning results of similar freshness.


Advertising is one of the ways that supply chains use to increase their customers. Cooperative advertising is one of the new approaches in advertising. In cooperative advertising, the manufacturer pays part of the advertising costs of its retailers. This increases retailers' incentives to invest more in advertising, which increases customer absorption. On the other hand, this advertisement is in the form of a contract that the manufacturer uses as a lever. Production capacities and available budgets of the manufacturer and retailers are some of the challenges of cooperative advertising in determining the optimal values of variables. Retailers compete with each other in the form of Generalized-Nash game to get more participation rates and more goods from the manufacturer. Because some variables are already predetermined by the manufacturer, the competition between the manufacturer and the retailers is a Stackelberg game. Finally, the mathematical model proposed and analyzed through numerical experiments, and some managerial insights are reported.


The purpose of this study is to contribute to the use of evaluator and utility functions in order to increase the reliability of scorecard based intellectual capital measurement methods and to express and aggregate the utility of IC elements to the organization. The conducted field experiment integrates the results of interviews with 23 brand name customers through examining the customer satisfaction measuring practice of service provider companies. The main finding is that the adequately calibrated evaluator functions assign perceived customer satisfaction to its scorecard based measured values and mitigate the distortions of scorecard based measurements. The evaluator function interpreted as a kind of utility function reflects the utility of IC values derived from a scorecard based measurement method. Our research discusses the repertoire of aggregating the utility of IC elements as well.


A protocol for the rapid release of plasmids from live or dead Escherichia coli cells is described. A simple 1-min boiling can eradicate all live bacteria, and supernatant can be efficiently transformed back to another E. coli strain or to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plasmids can be reliably recovered from dead cells by this procedure.


: The study examines the matter of noise pollution within the wake of its sick result on the lifetime of the folks. Major effects of noise pollution embody interference with communication, wakefulness, and reduced efficiency. The acute effects are hearing disorder and mental breakdown. This study examines the environmental noise levels of construction sites. Three construction sites were chosen to determine noise level, peak noise level and dominant noise sources at these locations in accordance to task, machinery, trade .The 100 audio metric testing's were taken of labors in line with various parameters like time of exposure, distance from source, short or prolonged exposure etc. The audio metric testing's were scrutinized as per relevant parameters to get results of audio metric testing showing the adverse effects on labors audio metric health, additionally form was ready to gather immediate health issues featured as a result of continuous exposure. The results of this study are helpful for construction managers and different participants in construction sites to become tuned in to construction processes impacts on the surroundings.


Background
Assessment of patients and their outcomes in the 6-bed High Dependency Unit (HDU) of our Pulmonary Department in the year 2011.


Unless we care for our nursing students, how will they come to know what it is that they need to know to care for themselves and their patients? If students do not have the experience of being cared for or understand the power that is innate in themselves to do the care, they possibly will flounder and not find satisfaction in their chosen profession. If we as educators and mentors committed to a caring philosophy are ourselves healed, we might be better prepared to change the care or learning environments in which students are situated. Their student lives are filled with anxiety and stress, and are overloaded with other personal responsibilities. By modeling caring relationships with our students and by engaging with them more, we thought that we might reduce their anxiety to an extent that they might heal themselves. We are an interest group of International Association for Human Caring committed to a philosophy of caring. We have been meeting with two small groups of graduate and undergraduate nursing students on a monthly basis outside class time. In these sessions, we provide an environment of collegiality, acceptance, and caring. With the graduate students, the goal is to promote growth in scholarly thinking and relational interaction. We show them we care about them and their work. With the undergraduate students, we invite them to hang out with other interested faculty in a relaxed setting to see a video, enjoy popcorn and soft drinks, and to get to know us and each other. It is within an environment of caring energy that we aspire to engage with our students to inspire a harmonious, relational aspect of their humanness. In our presentation, we discuss how we are modeling and promoting the power of caring and healing practice.


This work concerns the utilization of mill scale, a by-product of iron and steel formed during the hot rolling of steel, as a potential material for use as bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). On the other hand, mill scale is considered a very rich in iron source having characteristic required such as for current collector in bipolar plate and would significantly contribute to lower the overall cost of PEMFC based fuel cell systems. In this study, the iron reach source of mill scale powder, after sieving of 150 mesh, was mechanically alloyed with the aluminium source containing 30 wt.% using a shaker mill for 3 h. The mixed powders were then pressed at 300 MPa and sintered at various temperatures of 400, 450 and 500 °C for 1 h under inert gas atmosphere. The structural changes of powder particles during mechanical alloying and after sintering were studied by x-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), microhardness measurement, and density - porosity analysis. The details of the performance variation of three different sintering conditions can be preliminary explained by the metallographic and crystallographic structure and phase analysis as well as sufficient mechanical strength of the sintered materials was presented in this report.


 "Released Standard" the Category is frozen and has been through a standardisation process. The only amendments possible would be editorial changes. Any other modification would lead to the creation of a new Data Category.  "Released Issue" it means that it is frozen. They are "issues" as they are aimed at specific applications and do not appear as being part of the ASTERIX Standard Document.  "Working Draft" the Category is already reserved for a certain use but is still under development.


The title compound was obtained from the condensation reaction of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The essential part (including all the non-hydrogen atoms except two methyl carbons) of the molecule lies on a mirror plane, which bisects the t-butyl groups.


Akahori [1] reported an interesting case of possible lymphocytic hypophysitis with reversible impaired processing of proopiomelanocortin into ACTH. Histopathological verification of the cystic mass in the pituitary was not explored. However, the cystic mass seemed to compress the anterior pituitary gland and an MRI four months later showed an intracystic nodule [2]. The cyst regressed spontaneously. These findings may favor the diagnosis of Rathke's cleft cyst. Another issue is the spontaneous recovery of adrenocortical insufficiency within a short period after diagnosis. The basal serum cortisol levels remained low in terms of diurnal variation and in the CRH provocation test. However, serum cortisol responded normally to insulin-induced hypoglycemia with moderate increase of ACTH, which may not support the diagnosis of hypothalamic adrenocortical insufficiency.


This study empirically investigates the direct and indirect effects of export promotion programs (EPPs) on firm export performance. Government export promotion programs normally define the premise for successful exporting activities of the corporate sector and play a key role in stimulating international business activities of firms (Cavusgil and Michael, 1990; Marandu, 1995; Seringhaus and Rosson, 1990). While the extant literature on export performance mostly neglected EPPs as an antecedent of export performance, the literature on export promotion fails to relate it to export performance. A very few researchers in this area have focused on a direct relationship between EPPs and firm export performance, however, no study has investigated the effect of EPPs on other determinants of export performance toward establishing any indirect relation between EPPs and export performance. This study attempts to develop and test a comprehensive model of firm export performance that investigates how EPPs directly and indirectly influence firm export performance.

Theoretical foundations are drawn from internationalization process and resource-based theories as frameworks for the analysis of the study. The model integrates the use of EPPs, management perception of export market environment, export knowledge, export commitment, and export strategy that influence firm export performance and develops a number of hypotheses. Export promotion programs are classified into two categories according to their similarity of purpose- "market development", and "finance and guarantee" related programs. All other variables in the model are latent and are measured by a set of observed items. The model is tested on primary data obtained from a sample survey of exporting firms drawn from three major export oriented industries in Bangladesh. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques (in AMOS 5) are used to test the validity of the overall model and the relationship between variables hypothesized in the model. A two stage process is employed whereby the construct measurements are first evaluated, followed by an evaluation of the structural relationships.

Analysis of the structural relationships supports most of the hypothesized relationships. The dimensions of export promotion programs are found to positively impact overall export performance. The research findings demonstrate that the use of market development-related export promotion programs influence firm export performance directly as well as indirectly through management perception of the export market environment, export knowledge and commitment. However, finance and guarantee-related export promotion programs indirectly influence export performance through export commitment. The study provides a guideline for managers of firms suggesting how they can benefit from EPPs in improving their positive attitude towards the export market environment, building their knowledge and enhancing commitment to exporting for better success in their international operations. This study provides guidelines to policymakers in designing and targeting export promotion programs effectively. The study also contributes to the literature by examining the indirect impact of EPPs on firm export performance. Finally, the limitations of the study are considered and possible directions for further research outlined.


updated feedback from receiving facilities and have basic life support providers preferably provide extrication and movement to an evacuation point while advanced life support providers provide secondary triage and transport with advanced treatment begun (preferably) enroute; 8) Log events for subsequent evaluation recognizing that media can be useful in chronicling events as well as for informing the public of hazards and any need for specialized assistance; 9) Provide post-incident care for rescuers, victims and incoming family/friends including immediate debriefings, protection from legal and media opportunists, as well as simple food, shelter and medical care; 10) Train and test all potential rescuers including the lay public and auxiliary agencies.


The international financial crisis plunged the Spanish economy in a downturn spiral from 2008 to 2010, with seven consecutives recession periods. During this period, Spanish companies faced growth and liquidity problems and credit constrains, which increased their business risk. The international literature emphasizes that there is a relationship between business risk and audit fees. This study considers if there is a relationship between time (the three years period when Spanish recession was higher and the following three-year period) and audit fees.  We analyzed the financial statements and annual audit fees, obtained from SABI database, from 2008 to 2013, charged by auditors to 119 manufacturing companies. The results obtained, despite positive and negative correlations between audit fees and other variables of our model, are not totally conclusive neither consistent. They point out to a tenuous relationship between time and audit fees, partially corroborating the American reality, but not the studies made in Australia, China, Sweden and South Korea.


To achieve polymer-based composites for electronic packaging with high thermal conductivity, Al2O3 nanoplatelets were introduced into polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix via a cold pressing and sintering method. The effect of mass content of the Al2O3 platelets on the morphology, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of the composites was investigated. The results revealed that the Al2O3/PTFE nanocomposites exhibited higher thermal conductivities, better thermal stabilities, enhanced mechanical properties with considerable dielectric properties. The largest thermal conductivity of the Al2O3/PTFE nanocomposites filled with 25[Formula: see text]wt.% Al2O3 platelets was 0.461[Formula: see text]W[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]K[Formula: see text], increased by 85% compared with that of pure PTFE. The improved thermal conductivity of Al2O3/PTFE can be attributed to the formation of effective thermal conductance network within the PTFE matrix due to the interconnectivity of Al2O3 platelets.


Based on the repeated reflection theory,a method of inversing seismic wave on the ground is suggested in this paper.This calculation is hased the typical seismic wave and soil wave impedance.The paper took the rectangle pool for example to calculate the input seismic waves,assumed that the site soil was horizontal layer and extended infinitely,the bedrock was linear semi-infinite space and isotropic,and the surface reflected totally.In the program Arkquake,the two typical seismic waves were put into the layer,On the basis of one-dimensional wave theory and the properties of soil,applying equivalent linearization for nonlinear model of the soil,the program has calculated the waves on the bedrock,In the same way.The corresponding waves on the ground was exported.During this process,the Fourier transform was used in analysing the frequency.In conclusion,the paper compares the amplitude of initial seismic waves and the output ones and draw a conclusion that the count is necessary.Through the comparative analysis of the frequency spectrums,it proves the practicability of this method.Considering differences between the site soil,multiple spots were adopted to calculate waves separately on the bedrock and the ground,this method takes local site effects into account and reduces the phenomenon of abnormal intensity to some degrees,and provided a practical approach for selecting seismic wave for reference.


(1) Background: Probiotics are a live microbial supplement that improve hosts' health by maintaining intestinal microbiota. The evidence suggests that probiotics can be used as a therapeutic strategy to improve overall digestive health. Lactic acid bacteria strains have been extensively used as probiotics. (2) Method: To isolate lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potential from food samples. Probiotic properties such as tolerance to low pH, bile, sodium chloride, lysozyme, antibiotic susceptibility, cell surface hydrophobicity, and antimicrobial activity were determined. (3) Results: Ten different isolates were examined to study their probiotic potential. In this study, Lactobacillus brevis was isolated and showed most of the probiotic properties, such as10% sodium chloride tolerance, 1% bile tolerance, growth in pH 2, and antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa. Formation of biofilm by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also inhibited by cell free extracts of L. brevis, which reveals its therapeutic relevance. In addition, it was found to be stable at low temperature (4°C). (4) Conclusion: The above-mentioned results of L. brevis suggest that it has promising potential to be considered "probiotic". Further in vivo assessments could be carried out that would provide its dual role of prevention as well as use in therapy.


Study design, materials and methods: We used female Wistar rats (~240 g at the beginning of the experiments, N=6/group) divided in 3 groups: control, ovariectomized (OVx) and multiparous. Rats of the OVx group underwent the bilateral ovary withdrawal through an abdominal midline incision under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia and were submitted to exercise after 30 days. The resistance exercise consisted of climbing a 1-meter-high ladder inclined at 85 five times with 75% body weight load, three times a week for one week. The sedentary control, multiparous and OVx rats did not carried out any exercise and were maintained in the same room during the experiments. In the day after the last exercise bout, rats were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane and submitted to cannulation of the femoral artery with polyethylene tubing for arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) recordings and also to cannulation of the urinary bladder for intravesical pressure (IP) measurement. After baseline AP, HR and IP recordings, acetylcholine (Ach, 2 μg/mL, 0.1 mL) and noradrenaline (NOR, 2 μg/mL, 0.1 mL) were administrated in situ on the urinary bladder and the physiological parameters were recorded for at least 10 min. Data are expressed as mean±SE and submitted to One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test (p<0.05).


4505 Background: TMZ, an oral alkylating agent, has recently been shown to be active in a subset of patients with NETs. In other tumor types, methyl-guanine methyl transferase (MGMT) expression is ...


The safest and most effective and preventive method that inhibits the growth of phytotoxic fungi is the biological method using metabolic materials, which are environmentally friendly. The current study focusses on extracting bioactive compounds from some citrus peels, and evaluating antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic plant fungi, also detecting the active compound using GC-MS. The five extracts of peels citrus included, Citrus aurantifolia (key lime), Citrus singensis (orange), Citrus maxima (pomelo), Citrus limon (lemon), and Citrus reticulate (mandarin orange). The extracts were evaluated against seven fungal species, including Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternate, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Trichothecium roseum, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium equiseti. The results showed that peels extract of pomelo (PPE) is the most effective anti-fungal, which was clear for all types of fungi used in the examination, and which recorded the highest inhibitory diameter against the fungus F. equiseti, followed by peels extract of the orange (OPE) and lemon peels extract (LPE), respectively, while lowest antifungal activities have been recorded in peels extracts of mandarin orange (MOPE) and key lime peels extract (KPE), respectively. The diameters of inhibition that represent the antifungal activity of the other extracts ranged between 0 and 25 mm, which constitute significant differences between them and (PPE). The most active extract (PPE) was analysed using GC-MS, and the result included the detection of 50 different compounds. According to the GC-MS results, furfural (4.91%), auraptenol (1.38%), 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (0.92%) and hexadecanoic acid-, methyl ester (0.80%) were the major components in the essential oil obtained from peels extract of pomelo (PPE), in addition of ethyl oleate (0.65%), alpha-terpineol (0.32%), osthole (0.31%), which were known as antifungal compounds.


Historical perspective the new and future marketplace personal professional selling/quality era sales personality the buying decision the marketing continuum measurement for marketing quality product positioning/product design new concepts of sales leadership and motivation.


This paper focuses on utilizing the concept of socioeconomic indicators for expressing its participation in development. Factor analysis through principal component as a statistical technique is used for modeling, it leads to the identification of a small number of socioeconomic dimensions that summarize adequately the information contained in the original set of variables. The new methodology for socioeconomic modeling enables a much more useful characterization of the territory for policy-making purposes. The statistical data of Khartoum State of the Sudan during 1990 – 2011 were used. In this paper 54 variables of seven complex socioeconomic indicators which reduced into three factors using factor analysis technique, these factors are: Multi-indicators factor which, includes natural, health, and demographic indicators. The second is education factor, which explains the impact of education on the agriculture and the livestock. Industry factor, represents the third factor, and clarifies the effectiveness of industry, petroleum and electricity on services.


Abstract Issue Addressed A healthy diet is particularly important during childhood. Research suggests that more than 95% of Australian primary school aged children do not eat a diet consistent with the Australian Dietary Guidelines, putting them at risk of poor health. Interventions to improve the quality of children's lunchboxes may help address this issue. However, there is limited understanding of the factors impacting lunchbox preparation. Methods This study explored the experiences of 10 mothers of Victorian primary school students. Mothers took part in semi‐structured interviews exploring their views on lunchbox preparation and food choices. The study used a Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology and data were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach. Results Analysis of the interviews yielded four main themes. (i) Mothers experienced a range of non‐nutritional barriers that impacted the food choices they made for their children. (ii) Children's preferences influenced parental food choices. (iii) Mothers experienced and/or perceived judgement about the food choices they make for their children. And (iv) Mothers identified a lack of support and information from schools about what was appropriate for school lunch. Conclusion Findings of this study indicate that mothers are concerned with balancing nutrition and child preferences within the broader context of guidelines, perceived or real judgement and income constraints. So What? The school environment may be an ideal setting to promote healthy eating but support for parents is needed. This is the first study in Victoria exploring mothers' perspectives on lunchbox preparation and provides initial information on which future research can build.


Film analysis has finally become an art without a future. The fact is that it has never been, in itself, anything more than an illusory object. That is why, paradoxically, it could appear to be a particular activity endowed with a sort of intransitivity. As it happened, it laid claim to this quality without worrying about the confusions and false divisions that would result from it. At the other end of the chain, this tendency was confirmed by the accumulated bibliographies: useful, but ambiguous, they helped make film analysis a separate theoretical genre, with no justification other than the false sense of plenitude that can derive from the act of analysis itself. There are two reasons for this misleading effect of analysis: the nature of the "cinematic signifier," which effectively distinguishes film analysis from all other enterprises of the same type; and the coincidence of concern (which was self-evident) between a new interest in films and the general movement in many zones or research that crystallized for a time around the idea of text. Right away, because these two reasons converged with one another, film analysis got to the bodily core of its text. But this seductive body is an elusive body: it cannot really be quoted nor grasped. It is polysemous as well, in an excessive way, and its matter, moulded by iconicity and analogy, pushes language into check. This irreducibility of the filmic substance, which fascinates and stimulates (as do all such elusive objects), serves to limit analysis: the readings of films have been unable to produce the equivalence brought out in readings of "Les Chats" or in S/Z.1 This does not simply result from the analysts' lack of genius, but primarily from the exceptional resistance put up by the analytic material.2 This resistance has too often led film analysis to take refuge in its own domain, and thereby to add to the illusions and inevitable developments that are proper to the accumulation and the organization of knowledge a special fascination for the circle within which film analysis, since its beginnings, has not been able to avoid turning. As a result of this it still can happen that film analysis will mistake itself for something it is not. In truth there are no longer, or should no longer be, any analyses of films. There are just gestures. Free gestures, made possible now because one day a new intellectual practice that had to be called film analysis allowed (then at the cost of great difficulty) for the stopping of films. And for looking at them with a new and, as it were, cleansed eye. An eye at last freely fascinated. These gestures seem to me, today, to be four in number. First there is this unsurpassable gesture: fixation on the image, the freeze frame. We can never say adequately to what extent it remains the magic gesture par excellence. A paradox: the video recorder, the ideal instrument for analysis, is also what has killed it. Via an excessive generalization, a passage to the infi-


This study was conducted in a fragment of Araucaria Forest (FOM - acronym in portuguese) within the Porto Vitoria – PR, (S 26 ° 13'34 .0 ", W 51 ° 13'23 .3"). The survey aims to identify and assess the diversity and abundance of mammals in the region during the period from February to July 2010. The fragment has 133 ha of which 128 ha are covered by FOM in advanced secondary succession. Records of mammals were performed weekly with the use of direct and indirect methods, including visual records, analysis of footprints, sorting eschatological, trichological analysis, visualization of dead, hunted, trampled animals and interviews with local residents, totaling 93 hours of direct views, searching for vestiges and crossing186 km, being made twenty and three daylight visits and three extending to the evening. Together, these techniques are efficient, revealing the presence of 12 species, nine genera, nine families and six orders of mammals, among them, many species are considered threatened in the state of Parana as Leopardus triginus, Leopardus wiedii , Puma concolor and Mazama spp , getting highlighted the importance of small forest remnants conservation for the  mammals preservation in the state of Parana


Kaplan, M. S. (1955), Anesthesiology, 16, 146 (Jan.). A MODIFICATION OF THE CYPRANE HAND-OPERMED RESPIRATORY P m . Harbord, R. P. (1955), Brit. J . Anasrh., 27, 14.6 (March). 1 ref. A MODIFIED LARYNGEAL SPRAY. Mortimer, P. L. F. (1955), Brit. J . Anasth., 27,148 (March). MODIFICATION OF MACINTOSH'S LARYNGEAL SPRAY. Forrester, A. C. (1955), Brit. J . Anasth., 27, 149. A PORTABLE SUCTION PUMP AND ITS USE. Nicholson, M. A. (1955). Cunud. Anas. SOC. J., 2,84 (Jan.). A NEW VALVE FOR CONTROLLED RESPIRATION A ESIWSJA. Ryan, A. R. (1955), Brit. J . Anasth., 27, 102. (Feb.). 11 refs. A DEVICE FOR SUPPORT OF THE HEAD DURING TONSILLECTOMY A N D ADENOIDECTOMY.


Through analysis and interpretation on the nature,cognitive principle,operational models and cognitive motivations of conceptual metonymy,the paper attempts to demonstrate that,as a conceptual mapping in a domain,metonymy is a cognitive process in which one conceptual entity,the vehicle,provides mental access to another conceptual entity,the target,within the same idealized cognitive model.The cognitive principles of metonymy include contiguity,relative salience and accessibility.Metonymy can operate within an ICM or domain,which includes many types of metonymy-producing relationships,its target meaning is conceptually prominent.Conceptual integration provides some motivations for the operation and interpretation of metonymy.Through analysis of the backstage cognition and on-line construction of meaning in Chinese idiomatic expressions in conceptual integration network,we believe Fauconnier's mental space theory and the conceptual integration theory will provide a suitable motivation for the operation and interpretation of metonymic and metaphoric idiomatic expressions.


P.a. chest X-rays were obtained during inspiration and expiration in 180 normal children aged 3-14 years. The mean and standard deviation for inspiratory and expiratory values of transverse, mid-right


A swift growth in telecom sector and ever increasing demands in terms of data rates, error rate and delay has led to the emergence of Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. MIMO systems are used in modern wireless technologies such as WIMAX, LTE, LTE-A, etc. In this paper, we introduce a novel statistical analysis of channels on pair-wise antenna for 4×4 order MIMO system. For comparative analysis, we plot the mean correlation and its impact on probability distribution function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF), eigen values, and correlation variance. Also, minimum and maximum channel capacities have been calculated using monte-carlo simulation with different highly correlated (HC) antenna elements using spatial multiplexing as the transmission scheme.


This paper presents a 3.3V IO buffer design using 1.9V MOS transistors in 0.21µm process with 40Aogate oxide thickness. The circuit is implemented using cascoded MOS transistors between bond pad and power supply terminals. Gates of cascoded transistors are biased dynamically to alleviate the problem of reduction in reliability of MOS elements due to gate oxide stress during signal overshoots at the bond pad. Various design techniques are used in pre-driver circuits for voltage translation, low power, signal integrity and reliability of MOS components. The design has been successfully implemented in a 400MHz UltraSPARC microprocessor.


Pavement performance of two crushed rock pavements is predicted using mechano lattice analysis and the results are compared with actual performance after 250,000 esa. Input properties include resilient modulus and deformation determined from repeated loading triaxial testing. Results were compared for transient longitudinal strain, rebound deflection under loading and rutting during service life. Transient longitudinal strains tended to be underestimated by a factor of from 1 to 3 whilst rut depths were accurately predicted. The rebound deflections were overestimated. Overall considering the possible field variation of material properties during the initial two year service life of the pavements and the single set of input data, the results are considered to show that the mechano lattice analysis is a suitable technique for the prediction of the performance of crushed rock flexible pavements (a).


This article describes main reasons of decrease in number of Caspian seals and their main concentration spots at various stages of their life cycle. The author has developed projects of establishment of specially protected areas and has analyzed main risks thereof.


Scour around bridge piers is an important problem during floods. Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations are carried out to understand scour hole evolution around piers and then, how to mitigate this process. Experiments are conducted with a 0.065 m wide and 2.1 m long channel. The numerical code SSIIM, developed in Trondheim University, is used to solve the unsteady Navier- Stokes equations with a diffusion-convection equation to model erosion processes. Cylindrical piers are tested with a flat sand-bed channel. Steady flow conditions are established from different initial depth conditions: from dry channel to depths around 10 cm. Thus, steady velocities were around 0.15 m/s. A single pier as well as a group of piers are analysed to describe scour evolutions and factors involved in the process. Numerical results achieved a good accuracy when compared against experiments, showing, moreover, the importance of the horse-shoe vortex in the scour process.


The early literary occurrences of Ἀττικός/Ἀττική (from Sol. fr. 2.6 and 30.11 G.-P.2, Alc. fr. 401B V./L., Aesch. Eum. 681) show that this ethnicon, compared with Ἀθηναῖος, is the official name of any Athenian citizen in international context.


Abstract Alessandro Stradella is a lesser-known composer in trumpet works. However, the Sinfonia avanti il Barcheggio is of great beauty and is written perfectly trumpet. The original is composed for trumpet in C, but the key of D major in which the concerto played with trumpet in C is written poses the biggest tuning problems. For this reason, I recommend for this concert a trumpet in A. The tuning will be much better, it will be played in F major, the natural notes of the trumpet will be used a lot (C, E, G).


Tang-Wai et al. report the clinical, genetic, and neuropathologic characteristics of 40 patients with posterior cortical atrophy. Occipito-parietal dysfunction dominates the presentation. Their genetics and histopathology are like that of Alzheimer disease. However, the greatest concentration of neurofibrillary tangles is in extrastriate visual association cortex, not the hippocampus. ⇓

Serial MRI images of a patient with PCA showing occipito-parietal atrophy (large white arrows).

see page 1168

### The differential diagnosis of posterior cortical dementia

Posterior cortical dysfunction presented with progressive visuospatial deficits in 27 patients described by Renner et al. These patients have a barrage of aphasias, apraxias, and elements of Balint's and Gerstmann's syndromes. Although Alzheimer neuropathology is most common, tauopathic and prion related pathologies occur. This syndrome is clinically distinguishable from other late-life dementias.

see page 1175

### Lost but not forgetting: Posterior cortical Alzheimer disease

The accompanying editorial by Charles J. Duffy discusses how Tang-Wai et al. and Renner et al. echo Alois Alzheimer's description of focal cortical deficits. Phenotypic diversity in Alzheimer disease may betray genotypic heterogeneity or interactions between genetic predispositions and physiologic modulation. In either case, more specific diagnosis may be a further step toward clarifying pathophysiology and individualizing therapy .

see page 1148

In a follow-up study on …


A method for extracting the available species of As, Se and Sb in soil samples by 0.50 mol/L (NaHCO_(3)) and quantifying by HG-AFS has been developed. The results show that 0.50 mol/L NaHCO_(3) is effective extractant for the extraction of available species of As, Se and Sb from soil samples. The extracted As,Se and Sb are then determined by HG-AFS with detection limits of 0.006 mg/kg for As, 0.001 mg/kg for Se and 0.002 mg/kg for Sb. The technique has been successfully applied to the determination of the available species of these elements in soil samples (geochemistry survey samples) from Wuhan and Nanjing zones with precision of As,Se,Sb of RSD (n=12) ≤10.15%.


In this paper, we show that explanations of decisions made by machine learning systems can be improved by not only explaining why a decision was made but also by explaining how an individual could obtain their desired outcome. We formally define the concept of directive explanations (those that offer specific actions an individual could take to achieve their desired outcome), introduce two forms of directive explanations (directive-specific and directive-generic), and describe how these can be generated computationally. We investigate people's preference for and perception towards directive explanations through two online studies, one quantitative and the other qualitative, each covering two domains (the credit scoring domain and the employee satisfaction domain). We find a significant preference for both forms of directive explanations compared to non-directive counterfactual explanations. However, we also find that preferences are affected by many aspects, including individual preferences and social factors. We conclude that deciding what type of explanation to provide requires information about the recipients and other contextual information. This reinforces the need for a human-centred and context-specific approach to explainable AI.


The purpose of this note is to analyze the conditions needed in geometry to introduce ideal points without using order relations. Since only incidence relations are used, it is convenient to use the notation of lattice theory. The actual introduction of the ideal elements is a purely algebraic process belonging to the theory of ideal extension and will be given elsewhere. (See abstracts 44-5-201, 45-116, 45-1-17.) Beside conditions already familiar in lattice theory we need conditions for the existence of products (see definition of cr-lattice) and the obviously necessary condition for projectivization, Condition E. The conditions for the existence of products are needed because incidence geometry is not taken to be a lattice ; in obtaining the projective extension it would be inconvenient to have to redefine the product of, say, two parallel lines; such a product, therefore, is left undefined. Condition E is not proved independent since our purpose is merely the elimination of considerations of order. Condition E has more force the greater the dimension of the space in which it operates. For dimension greater than 3 the development is consequently straightforward, so that we consider this case first. For dimension 3, however, Condition E appears to be a little too weak and we have a degenerate case requiring the use of the various forms of Desargues' theorem; the proof of these (D and D') requires an axiom on the existence of transversals, Axiom T. The three-dimensional case is put last, but in it the connection with the classical theory (see Pasch-Dehn, Whitehead, and Baker) is most apparent.


The construction of college media transmission system helps not only to improve college students' overall cultural literacy,but also to cultivate their rich emotion and appropriate value of life.The college media transmission system,consisting of college television station,library digital audio-visual reading room,the Student Film Festival,film and TV creation and competition and so on,can change the univocal mode practiced in China's professional education for long and create a good campus and cultural environment.The positive influence of college media can permeate through the education of college students and embody the theory of great education in modern colleges.


The main idea in this chapter is that the "love of plants should be inculcated in the school." While there "are many practical applications" for children to gain knowledge of "plants and horticulture," Bailey indicates that the knowledge is more than "information of plants themselves." Rather, such knowledge "takes one into the open air… It increases his hold on life." The chapter concludes with types of school gardens: ornamenting the grounds, establishing a collection, making a garden for instruction, and providing a test ground for new varieties.


A crosstalk cancellation and signal reutilization (XTCR) algorithm implemented with analog-IIR networks dramatically improves signal integrity across 4 closely-spaced single-ended PCB traces. The prototype XTCR design implemented in 65 nm CMOS improves the measured average horizontal and vertical-eye openings of the 4 channels by 37.5% and 26.4% at 10-8 BER, while consuming only 0.96 pJ/b/lane.


The profession is again shocked at the announcement of the death of one of its most brilliant and beloved members. Prof. S. D. Gross died on the 6th of May, at his home in Philadelphia, sur rounded by family and friends, at the ripe old age of 79 years. With perhaps the single exception of the late J. Marion Sims, Dr. Gross was more widely and favorably known and his death will be more regretted and mourned throughout the civilized world than would be that of any member of the profession in America. The following brief synopsis from the Medical Record, of the labors of this great and good man, with the honors conferred upon him by the most promi nent institutions of learning in the civilized world, will be read with pride by every member of the profession : *


MIT App Inventor is a visual blocks language that allows users to create mobile applications for Android. App Inventor users have the option of posting in a public support forum to discuss anything from specific programming issues to education issues. In order to leverage the information on the forums to improve App Inventor, we must first understand what is being discussed. In this thesis, we used unsupervised machine learning methods to automate discovery of discussion topics. First, we transformed posts into feature vectors using a bag-of-words model. Next, we clustered posts using k-means clustering and evaluated our results both quantitatively, by calculating the average silhouette of the posts, and qualitatively, by simply looking at the clusters of posts. Finally, we used LDA topic modeling to determine the topics being discussed and compared the extracted topic words to a manual evaluation of each cluster. Using this technique, we were able to uncover common problems with App Inventor that users encountered. We hope to use this information to improve users' experience with App Inventor. Thesis Supervisor: Hal Abelson Title: Class of 1922 Professor


The utility model relates to a device for processing and utilizing the regenerate energies such us straw in the rural areas and the like, which is characterized in that under the conditions of air-insulation and anoxic, the straw is heated by the a cracking gasification stove and separates out combustible volatilization ingredient and cracks combustible gas that are directed to a condensation purifier to become purified gaseous combustible, and is directed to the cooking range and the burning head under a heating heat-exchanger for cooking and heating. The stove has simple structure, and can be gasified under the condition of ordinary pressure, the operation and employment are safe and reliable, the device is simple, and the investment is low and is easily popularized.


Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy. It is of great clinical significance to screen microRNAs (miRNAs) in urine as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for MM.


Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is generally milder in younger adults than in older adults. 1 Here we present a case of COVID-19-related acute myocarditis in a 15-year-old boy. The patient developed fever, fatigue, and abdominal pain, and tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on a polymerase chain reaction test the next day. He had no pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular disease. Two days after the onset, chest computed tomography revealed mild consolidation of the lungs and cardiomegaly, but no pleu-ral effusion. He was admitted to the hospital because of a high C-reactive protein (CRP) level and progressive hypoxemia. His His white blood cell count 500 cells/ µ L. Blood chemistry creatine lactic our center percutaneous pacing for bradycardia to complete (AV)


Soft coal tar pitch purification process, the purpose is to save energy, improve the quality of the raw material coal tar pitch; the present invention is a coal tar After rough, cut a softening point of 30-40 deg.] C into a coal tar pitch with coal extraction column wall extraction; aliphatic, aromatic extraction solvent were heated to 110-250 deg.] C; taken aliphatic solvents and 0.5 to 1 part 3 to 5 parts aromatic solvent, mixed by a static mixer be extractant; 1: 0.5 to 1.3 after the ratio of extractive agent to the coal pitch thoroughly mixed by a static mixer, was added from the top wall of formula coal pitch extraction column; withdrawn from the bottom of the extraction column in the Sulfur coal tar pitch extractant binding compound, coal tar pitch off In addition to sulfur and nitrogen compound to give the purified, is discharged from the central wall of formula coal pitch extraction column.


We show an algorithm and its application in a coherent system which can be used to compensate signal distortions induced by pump-phase-modulation in single-pump wavelength converters based on four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear fibre.


Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme belonging to hydrolase group which splits the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in to choline and acetate. It is supposed to be a marker of cholinergic and cholinoceptive neurons. In the present investigations, a modified histochemical technique to visualize acetylcholinesterase containing neurons has been employed to map the rostral rhombencephalic nuclei of Heteropneustis fossilis. Based on intensity of reaction, it is interesting to mention that in the present study, most of layers of cerebellum and nuclei of medulla oblongata showed intense activity for acetylcholinesterase.The present results have been discussed in the light of recent cytoarchitectural and hodological studies. In addition, the functional significance of the variable distribution pattern of enzyme has also been discussed.


Summary 1. Caloric restriction, causing severe emaciation, followed by ad libitum feeding on the same fat-deficient diet, precipitated symptoms of fat-deficiency in mature rats. When the rats, after depletion, were maintained on the fat-free diet ad libitum for sufficiently long periods, spontaneous recovery was observed. 2. The tissues of these rats were analyzed for linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids by the spectrophotometrie method. The concentrations of linoleic and arachidonic acids in the body fat were found to vary with the appearance of the symptoms; it was high at the end of the depletion period, and low at the stage when fat deficiency symptoms were present. The higher levels of linoleic and linolenic acids at the time of recovery, after a long period on the fat-free diet, are considered as further evidence for the synthesis of essential fatty acids in the mature rat. 3. Supplementation of ethyl linoleate increased the level of arachidonate in the body fat.


Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Introduction The sound of a blaster in the classic Star Wars films is easily recognizable to many. It turns out that the wave phenomenon that produces that unique sound, something known as dispersion, is central to the operation of a new type of acoustic device known as a leaky wave antenna (LWA), which holds significant promise for use in acoustic navigation and imaging applications that require low-power operation. LWAs are mechanical structures that lead to directiondependent radiation or reception of acoustic energy. In other words, when an acoustic LWA generates sound, it does not send out acoustic energy equally in all directions. Rather, the device has directionality and that directionality is dictated by its mechanical structure. Furthermore, the defining attribute of an acoustic LWA is the ability to change its directionality by simply changing frequency. This frequency-dependent directionality is a result of the LWA dispersion that is tailored by designing mechanical structures that make up the LWA. The design of the dynamic behavior of these subwavelength mechanical structures is central to the creation of the LWA and the primary focus of recent works on the topic of acoustic LWAs (Naify et al., 2013; Esfahlani et al., 2016).


The proper formation and development of shoot apical meristem during plant embryonic development is prerequisite to generate leaves,buds and stems.Rice(Oryza sativa L.) mutant line 4001 produces multiple plumules in one seed and is consi dered as an important mutant with abnormal differentiation of shoot apical meristem.While the embryonic basis of the mutant with multiple plumules is yet unknown.To elucidate the cytological basis,mature embryo sac structure and process of double fertilization were observed with whole-mount eosin B-staining confocal laser scanning microscopy(WE-CLSM),semi-thin plastic sections and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The observation by WE-CLSM showed that both embryo sac structure and double fertilization process were normal in the mutant line,suggesting that the abnormal traits were related to the later embryonic development.By semi-thin plastic sections and SEM,the retardation of embryonic development and the formation of multiple shoot apical meristems(SAM) under abnormal orientation were observed in one embryo of the mutant line,compared with those of wild-type rice.At three days after pollination,the process of embryonic development was slower in the mutant line than in the wild type rice.The abnormality included the diverse number of SAMs under irregular orientation and the changes of dorsal-ventral axis.Two separate plumules,two plumules in one coleoptile and two connected plumules with one separate plumule were also observed in the mutant line 4001.It was concluded that differentiation of multiple SAMs and the changes of dorsal-ventral axis in one embryo contribute to the multiple plumuples in the mutant line.It was inferred that mutant trait-related genes might play important roles in the regulations of the timing of shoot apical meristem differentiation,the number of undifferentiated cells and the establishment of dorsal-ventral axis.


The unforseen occurrence of significant concentrations of Co-58 and Cs-1 37 in a quiescent backwater of Dardanelle Reservoir provided an opportunity to observe the equilibrium distribution of Cs-1 37 between solution and suspended solids. This equilibrium has not been observed in other areas ofthe reservoir because small amounts of this nuclide are regularly injected into the lake by the AP&LNuclear I facility.The systematics of the Co-58 concentration lead to the conclusion that significant amounts ofthese two nuclides had been injected into the sampling area from a source unknown.


"As the demand for paratransit services increases, there is a constant pressure to maintain the quality of service provided to the customers while minimizing the cost of operation: this is especially important as the availability of public funding for paratransit services has been on the decline. Key tasks in accomplishing this objective are efficiently allocating vehicles to service trips and adjusting the schedules of vehicles dynamically in response to calls received by the service providers from the customers on the day of the service."


Department of Pediatric Nephrology, GaziUniversity School of Medicine, Ankara, TurkeyDespite major progress in prevention, diagnosis, andtreatment during the recent decades, hypertension remainsthe leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease andmortality throughout the world. The prevalence ofhypertension in developing countries continues to risereaching alarming rates. Several risk factors of hypertensionappear to be more common in developing countries than indeveloped countries. In Turkey, hypertension is a prevalentcondition affecting approximately 22.5 million individuals.Hypertension control (defined as blood pressureo140/90mmHg) rate increased from 8.1% in 2003(first Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control ofhypertension in Turkey (PatenT) study) to 28.7% in 2012(PatenT 2 study). Meanwhile, rates of cardiovascularmorbidity and mortality remained high in Turkey. Controllingrisk factors such as hypertension, tobacco use, unhealthydiet, obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and physical inactivitycan prevent most of the deaths from cardiovascular disease.It is also crucial for the public health system to havea hypertension education program aimed at reducingcardiovascular disease and prevention and control ofhypertension promoting a healthy lifestyle in Turkey.Such a program could positively affect other lifestyle-relateddiseases as well. Importantly, cooperation among thecomponents of the health system could contribute toimproved outcomes in hypertensive populations.


As one of main biomass wastes in Japan, Sugi (Japanese cedar) leaves were chipped and treated for preparation of charcoal at mild temperature (250 – 450 °C) using superheated steam with controllable pressure. After the treatment, the solid residual charcoal was examined by FT‐IR and CHN elemental analysis. The results suggest that degree of carbonization was significantly affected by treating temperature, time and partial pressure of steam. A temperature above 400 °C and a partial pressure of steam above 4 MPa are necessary for accelerating and completing the carbonization within 2 hours. Adsorption experimental results of charcoal show that the residual charcoal has an excellent absorbability for ammonia gas and heavy metal ion Pb2+. Therefore it is expectable to develop mild superheated steam as reaction medium for preparing valuable charcoal products from biomass wastes with lower energy cost.


A centrifugal blower represents the main noise source in a vacuum cleaner. Noise emitted by the centrifugal blower working as a suction unit has aerodynamic, mechanical, and electromagnetic noise origins. Noise emitted by a suction unit consists of airborne and structure‐borne noise. The contribution of the individual noise source to the total noise level depends on the geometry of the suction unit, rotational speed and on the operating conditions. Operating conditions of a suction unit depend on the amount of dust particles in the dust bag and are constantly changing during operation until a zero flow rate is reached. In order to reduce noise of suction unit at broad range of operating conditions, an identification of noise sources needs to be performed. Identification of most important noise sources on the centrifugal blower was performed with an acoustic camera at the design and off‐design operation conditions. From the analyses we can conclude that the rotational noise usually prevails at the design p...


officially recorded concerning criminals. And not only in the attempt to discern actual means of halting or forfending criminal careers is this inefficiency of accumulated fact perceived, but also it is evident that the people of the law, whether engaged in the administration of police, penal or court affairs, feel themselves in nowise influenced by the statement of collected figures. In fact the criminal law itself has not been modified to an appreciable extent by any growth of learning or experience that one might expect to find centering about actual observation in its own field. In this certainly there is wide divergence from latter-day advance in other arts, sciences and professions. This astonishing lack of impulse to progression -from observational data does not characterize our country alone. The German scholarship which in recent years has been deeply concerned with proposed reform of the entire criminal code, finds almost no reason to even refer to such data as may be found, and the discussion still nearly all turns upon theoretical considerations-it is the philosophy of ethics, of crime, of punishment, even as conceived by the ancients, which is thrashed over and over. The fact is that data at all adequate for showing the road to better things, notwithstanding European supremacy in statistics, are still lacking, there as here. One might well consider if our remarkable national innocence of criminal statistics is not considerably due to a vague, half-formulated and rather shrewd conception of cui bono. We have not been so slow about undertaking studies of many other matters of public welfare,


From sampling in three areas neighbouring Tunis, the first polluted, the second contaminated and the third clean, the authors point out that the technic of multiple samples using the "Lactose Broth" is the most sensible to faecal pollution.


According to the practical instance under construction,this article discusses about geologic demand,actualizing project,the sticking point of working procedure,advantage and disadvantage of exceeding depth and bigger diameter stake dug using manpower.


This introduction to the special issue first outlines the principal concepts of the community psychology perspective on social problems and service delivery. Next, an overview is provided of the articles included in the special issue, which apply this perspective to various aspects of delinquency and juvenile justice. Finally, noteworthy issues meriting attention in future research and salient themes highlighted by the articles are discussed.


Thermal management of personal computer and other devices are critical issue for stable operation. Especially, soft and high thermal conductive materials are widely required for thermal transfer from heat source to heat sink. In this study, we prepared high thermal conductive composite with long single wall carbon nanotube, pitch‐derived carbon fiber and fluorinated rubber. Thermal conductivity of the composites is up to 80 W mK−1 which is higher than that of iron or brass. Furthermore, origin of the high thermal conductivity of the composites is investigated by using Weidman–Franz low. Carbon nanotubes enhance phonon thermal transfer between carbon fiber to carbon fiber.


Models of inventory management contain different parameters. An issue is observable in the classical models which can be related to the determination of the quantity of the economic order and the quantity of the economic production. In these models, the parameters like setup and holding costs and also the rate of demands are fixed. This matter causes the quantity of the economic ordering in classic model to have some differences in comparison with the real-world conditions. It should be stated that holding cost of spoiled and useless products is not always fixed and so the costs increase by passing the time. This paper is an attempt to develop classical EOQ models by considering holding cost as an increasing function of the ordering cycle length. So the classical EOQ models are developed, and the related optimum quantity to the ordering cycle length, economic ordering quantity, and the optimum total cost are determined.


In this paper we describe a services oriented software system to provide basic database support for efficient execution of applications that make use of scientific datasets in the Grid. This system supports two core operations: efficient selection of the data of interest from distributed databases and efficient transfer of data from storage nodes to compute nodes for processing. We present its overall architecture and main components and describe preliminary experimental results.


According to the characteristics of Reissner-Nordstrm(R-N) spacetime, we have formed different null-tatrad and calculated spin coefficient respectively.And then we have made description on the four-component wave function in R-N metric Dirac field.