Sulfation plays an obligatory role in the activation of N‐hydroxy derivatives of carcinogenic aryl‐amiric(amide)s and heterocyclic amines. We found that the hepatic sulfotransferase‐mediated covalent binding of 3H‐labeled 2‐hydroxyamino‐1‐inethy1‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (N‐OH‐PhIP) to calf thymus DNA was 3.3 and 12.9 times higher with human cytosol preparation than with male and female rat cytosol preparations, respectively, in the presence of 3'‐phosphnadenosine 5'‐phospho‐sulfate. To assess the activating capacities of individual phenol‐sulfating sulfotransferascs, five different forms, human ST1A2 and ST1A3 and rat ST1A1, ST1B1 and ST1C1, were expressed in heterologous cells. All five sulfotransferases mediated the activation of N‐OH‐PhIP to DNA‐bound products. The extents of the binding, however, differed considerably among these forms. Human ST1A2 and ST1A3 mediated the activation of N‐OH‐PhIP at 5.2‐ and 6.2‐fold higher rates than did rat ST1C1, a main N‐hydroxy‐2‐acetylaminofluorene‐activating sulfotransferase, in rat liver. Extents of the binding of N‐OH‐PhIP in human hepatic cytosols of different individuals were positively correlated with the contents of immunoreactive ST1A2/3. These results suggest a potential role of human liver sulfotransferases in N‐OH‐PhIP activation. In contrast, the low sulfotransferase‐mediated activation of N‐OH‐PhIP in rat liver is consistent with the lack of PhIP hepatocarcino‐genicity in this species.


In order to understand the adult students to participate in the study of the influence factors,USES the qualitative method to Yunnan provincial vocational college ChengJiaoChu of adult students as the research object,the selection of twelve 25 years old adult students as the study participants,with depth interview method for the investigation.According to the research results are proposed.


Landslide is one of the natural disasters that happens quite often in many parts of Indonesia. Landslide brings negative aspects to people because it causes material loss and loss of life. Landslides generally occur in the rainy season with high rainfall. In this research, a system is made to predict the chance of landslide to happen by measuring the level of rainfall, soil moisture, and soil displacement, and send the sensor data and position of a landslide to the database. According to this research, the system can predict the chance for the landslide to happen and give a warning with a 100% success rate.


Boundary value problem for complete second order elliptic equation is considered in Banach space. The equation and boundary conditions involve a small and spectral parameter. The uniform L_{p}-regularity properties with respect to space variable and parameters are established. Here, the explicit formula for the solution is given and behavior of solution is derived when the small parameter approaches zero. It used to obtain singular perturbation result for abstract elliptic equation


Based on the improved enhanced self-tentative (IEST) particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, 2-opt local searching algorithm is introduced in the later evolution stage. 2-opt method further strengthen the self-tentative and make up the deficiency of the IEST PSO algorithm and solve the cross solution problem. The hybrid PSO algorithm greatly increases the chances to find the better solution in the evolutionary process. Time complexity of the 2-opt method is analyzed. Based on this the proper parameters is set to solve different benchmark TSP problems, numerical simulation results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the hybrid PSO algorithm.


The errors of the theoretical model and the simplified SINC model in forest height inversion are analyzed. Simulation results show that the higher the tree height, the lower the kz value, the error between the theoretical and simplified SINC model is greater in inverting the forest height. When kz is 0.03 and forest height is 40 meters, the difference of the inversion height between theoretical and simplified SINC model can reach 1.5 meters. To address this problem, bisection iterative algorithm is utilized to eliminate or minimize the error between theoretical and simplified SINC forest height inversion model based on X-band airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) coherence data. Lidar $H_{100}$ CHM data are used to verify the effectiveness of bisection iterative algorithm. Compared with simplified SINC model, the performance of bisection iterative algorithm is better in retrieving the real value in the theoretical SINC model. The results show that the average height error of the bisection iterative algorithm is 0.5 m lower than that of the simplified SINC model in the inversion of forest parameters in the height range of 15–20 m.


Objective The efficacy of the pediatric clinical practice was compared between the reformed practice model and the traditional practice model.Methods Using 80,Eight-year program graduate dentists between 2003 and 2004 as the object of research,and the students of grade 2003 ( n =39) for control group and that of grade 2004( n=41 ) for experimental group.Clinical practice of control group was arranged in the traditional pediatric dental practice model.Clinical practice of experimental group was organized by shortening the practice time of treating child patients,admitting treatment of adolescent endodontic patients and adding problem-based learning( PBL) of dental trauma case to the teaching schedule.At the end of the clinical practice,the number of clinical operation record and the questionnaire survey about the practice models among the students were compared.Results The numbers of caries fillings,pulp therapies and dental-trauma cases of child patients in experimental group was not statistically decreased compared to control group (P>0.05).But the number of pulp therapies and caries fillings in permanent teeth of all patients in experimental group overwhelmed the counterparts of only child patients in control group (P<0.05).Questionnaire-survey revealed that dental students in experimental group appreciated the innovation very much,and dental students in control group expected more patient admission and practice opportunities.Conclusions Under the condition of limited out-patient numbers in pediatric dentistry,by applying the reformed practice model,the time is more reasonably distributed,practice opportunity is increased and the effect of practice is improved.

Key words:
Pediatric dentistry; Clinical practice; Caries fillings


New computer software aimed at visulaization of three-dimensional site data is helping investigators overcome ground water remedial action obstacles. These tools create realistic images that serve as visual databases of site information or numerical model output. For large remediation projects, the cost savings can be remarkable.


Physicists and life scientists are joining forces in the US to set up a series of new interdisciplinary research institutes. The most ambitious project is being planned at Stanford University, in the heart of Silicon Valley in California. Steven Chu, who shared the 1997 Nobel Prize for Physics for his work on the laser-cooling of atoms, is collaborating with the biochemist James Spudich on plans for a research centre that will bring together 50 full-time academic staff in disciplines ranging from applied physics to clinical medicine.


The report summarizes the data on western coal statistics, combustion, and mining. Detailed information is presented for coal occurrence, production, composition, and physical and chemical properties. Discussions and economic analyses are given of available mining techniques and transportation modes to bring these vast coal reserves to large fuel combustion markets. The effects of western coal properties on combustion equipment operation and emissions to the atmosphere are evaluated. The overall impact of increased western coal production on the environment is also analyzed and recommendations are made for further investigation of problematic areas. (GRA)


An end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the second intron in the protein-coding region of the parvalbumin gene of black seabream (Spondyliosoma cantharus) was used to identify this fish species. The reproducibility of the method was tested by a collaborative study in which four laboratories participated. Twenty-eight samples of isolated DNA from fish meat were tested in participating laboratories by the presented identification method. Nine samples were from black seabream and the remaining 19 were fish flesh from the reference panel. In parallel, six frozen samples of fish meat, where three were of black seabream and remaining three from the reference panel, were tested in the laboratories by this method after various DNA isolation procedures. The PCR-based method for species determination of black seabream presented in this study proved to be a reliable and independent on method of DNA isolation from meat among the isolation techniques used.

Practical Applications

This work deals with the interlaboratory assessment of a previously described end-point polymerase chain reaction-based method for fish species determination from fish flesh devoid of anatomical traits. The end-point form of the test is simple enough to be broadly used by laboratories in the field. This novel approach based on species-independent degenerate primers makes it possible, through the use of obtained amplicons, to design species-specific primers, such as the ones tested here, in a quite straightforward manner. Therefore, the presented assay represents the first practical employment of a broader and more versatile approach capable of reacting in a relatively short time to fish species first emerging as new commodities on the market.


Background and purpose:  To evaluate in disorders of consciousness (DOC) circadian variations in motor patterns and their possible synchronization with physiologically regulated light variations and/or a social environmental factor, i.e. presence and actions of other persons.


With the emphasis on minimal or non-intervention in midwifery-led care many midwives are now reviewing their practice towards interventions such as amniotomy. Statistics are presented for over 11000 women admitted to a midwifery-led unit (MLU) alongside a consultant-led unit resulting in a delivery rate of 89% for normal births, 6% for forcep/vacuum extractions and 5% for emergency LUSCs. The trend in the use of amniotomy and the changing beliefs of midwives has led to the amniotomy rate reducing from 34% to 14% without affecting the normal delivery rate in the MLU. Birth statistics are presented for 4676 women admitted to the MLU subdivided by parity and related to amniotomy. Fifty per cent of primiparous women delivered in the MLU with an amniotomy rate of 13% resulting in a normal delivery rate of 72% for all primiparous admitted. ninety-one per cent of multiparous women delivered in the MLU with an amniotomy rate of 12% resulting in a normal delivery rate of 97% for all parous women admitted.


The dynamic development of the virtual currencies' market may pose new challenges and open up further possibilities for entrepreneurships. The aim of this paper is to present some applications of virtual currencies in companies as well as potential benefits and threats of cryptocurrencies. In the study there have been used the literature on the subject as well as available Internet sources. After a brief introduction to the idea of virtual currencies, there have been presented such areas of use as business promotion, payments and capital raising.


Based on the economic and practical principle,the arrangement of stamping process with the inside coal tower was given.On the basis of top charging coke oven,by utilization of the existing coal tower structure,one stamping station was built,coal charge is delivered to the top of the charging car on he pusher ide of coke oven.This designed proposal can realize continuous and uniform coal distribution into coal box of the charging car,it is characterized by less capital construction investment,less difficulties for construction and east for maintenance.


Much of the world's natural gas is classified as "stranded," meaning it is located in a remote area, far from existing pipeline infrastructure. The volumes often are too small to make constructing a large-scale treatment gas plant costeffective. As a result, the gas is typically re-injected into the reservoir, left in the ground, or flared, which is harmful to the environment. However, the availability of this low cost, stranded gas has incentivized companies to develop innovative technologies that can economically and efficiently utilize this gas converting it into a transportation fuel like diesel and jet fuel.


The book is intended to be written on the evaluation of content pages and availability of information of Indian Institute of Management's library website. The book focuses on the importance of a quality website for a library regardless of the nature of the library. It also emphasizes the accuracy and authenticity of the contents provided on the website. Evaluation criteria for a quality website have also been discussed. Finally, a comparative study of the contents available at the websites of Indian Institute of Management has been presented.


Human plasminogen is a single chain molecule with a molecular weight of 93,000. This protein contains 8 methionine residues per mole. Cleavage with cyanogen bromide and subsequent reduction and S-carboxymethylation resulted in about 15 fragments ranging in size from 11 residues to about 310 residues. Most of these fragments have been purified by combinations of gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Characterization by molecular weight determination, amino acid composition, carbohydrate analysis and direct NH2-terminal amino acid sequence determination were thereafter performed. Some of the fragments were found to be the result of incompletely cleaved methionyl bonds which in a very convenient way allowed us to elucidate almost the complete organization of the cyanogen bromide fragments. — Plasmin is a two-chain molecule with a molecular weight of 85,000 formed from plasminogen by activation with urokinase involving proteolytic cleavage in two steps. The first step is release of the NH2-terminal 68 residues and the second step cleavage of an arginyl-valyl bond at about residue number 600 during formation of the two-chain structure. The cyanogen bromide fragment which contains that arginyl-valyl bond and thus forms the linkage between the heavy (A) and light (B) chains, consists of 117 amino acid residues. Its primary structure is almost completely determined. The NH2-terminal 93 residues form the carboxyterminal part of the heavy (A) chain and the carboxyterminal 24 residues form the NH2-terminal part of light chain. Furthermore this fragment and another fragment, which forms the major part of the light (B) chain, show a microheterogeneity which is very similar to that found in the intact plasminogen molecule. Neither of these two fragments seems to contain any sialic acid, which instead seems to be concentrated together with most of the hexoses to another heavy (A) chain fragment, which is very difficult to purify.


3and Z = 4. Individual reflection intensities were extracted by means of Le Bail's method. The molecular structure of 1 was solved by direct methods and refined using the combination of least-squares and Rietveld methods. The final Rietveld refinement converged to the value of Rp = 0.114, Rwp = 0.155, Bragg-Rf = 5.28 for 8532 data points and 933 extracted reflections collected in the 2° < 2θ < 95° range. The molecules have an interplanar π-π interaction between the acenaphthene planes with the average distance of 3.57(9) A. Moreover, the molecular dimer-pairwise packing diagram has an unexpected straight stacking, as opposed to the usual lateral stacking normally occured in 5,6-dihaloacenaphthene.


Abstract : This study describes the levels of radioactivity in drinking water from sixty-four communities (1974-1979). Certain man-controlled factors may alter the levels of radioactivity in a community's water supply. The selection of water source, the type of water treatment, and the presence of local radioactive ground disposal sites are three examples of local features which might affect the level of radioactivity of finished water. In this study each community water supply studied was characterized by the selection of the original type of water source (i.e. reservoir or well), the presence or absence locally of conventional water treatment, and the presence or absence of a local radioactive ground disposal site. This study describes the relationship between two of these local features (source and disposal sites) and the levels of radioactivity in drinking water from these communities. The health effects of low dose ionizing radiation and the hydrogeologic considerations involved in the ground disposal of radioactive wastes are reviewed.


Weiss et al., J. Biol. Chem. 285(42): 32458-32466 (Oct. 15, 2010).* Yoshimura et al., Bioresource Technology 133: 232-239 (2013).* Dayananda, C., et al., Presence of methyl branched fatty acids and Saturated hydrocarbons in botryococcene producing strain of Botryococcusbraunii, ACTA Physiologiae Plantarum. vol. 28, No. 3, 2006: 251-256. Metzger, P. et al., "Botryococcus braunii: a rich source for hydrocar bons and related ether lipids." Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2005) 66: 486-496. Okada, S., et al., Hydrocarbon Production by the Yayoi, a New Strain of the Green Microalga Botryococcus braunii, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, vol. 67, 1997, pp. 79-87. Weiss, T.L., et al., Raman Spectroscopy Analysis of Botryococcene Hydrocarbons from the Green Microalga Botrycoccus braunii. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 285, No. 42, pp. 32458-32466, Oct. 15, 2010.


These new forms of MICRO-ENCAPSULATION ARE HOMOGENEOUS NATIVE COLLAGEN LAYERS COATING THESE SUBSTANCES. These homogeneous layers are obtained from an alcoholic solution of acid-soluble collagen. P>


In this work we give an overview of the Rayleigh-Debye-Gans (RDG) theory applied to the analysis of static light scattering (SLS) data of different types of concentrated particle systems. First some useful models needed to analyze SLS data under the RDG regime for concentrated particle systems are presented. We consider monodisperse as well as polydisperse systems of spherical particles. Then we present some techniques for analyzing the SLS data in different contexts with the aim of gathering information about: particle size and shape, particle size distribution, particle concentration, and some other useful parameters characterizing the particle systems. Finally, we report an application of some of the models and methods illustrated previously. They were used to characterize a system of concentrated polymer particles embedded in a polymer matrix, formed as the result of a phase separation induced by polymerization in a polymer blend.


The writer believes that It is not the simple music issue that how to evaluate the Chinese music culture in 20th century. That the only way of developing Chinese music culture in 20th century is crisis of the Chinese music culture main stream that was the theory one, Chinese music needed the modernizing but that not mean the Westernize.


Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which the clinical onset most frequently presents in adolescents who are genetically predisposed. There is accumulating evidence that the endocrine pancreas has regenerative properties, that hematopoietic chimerism can abrogate destruction of beta cells in autoimmune diabetes, and that, in this manner, physiologically sufficient endogenous insulin production can be restored in clinically diabetic NOD mice. Recapitulating what also has been seen sporadically in humans, we set out to test reliable and clinically translatable alternatives able to achieve these same goals. Recently, Tian and colleagues demonstrated that T1D can be prevented in genetically susceptible mice by substituting a "diabetes-susceptible" class II MHC beta chain with a "diabetes-resistant" allelic transgene on their hematopoietic stem cells through gene supplantation. The expression of the newly formed diabetes-resistant molecule in the reinfused hematopoietic cells was sufficient to prevent T1D onset even in the presence of the native, diabetogenic molecule. If this approach to obtain autoimmunity abrogation could facilitate a possible recovery of autologous insulin production in diabetic patients, safe induction of an autoimmunity-free status might become a new promising therapy for T1D.


The change of electronic absorption spectra of the fullerene in the visibJe- near UV range was examined when the molecules aggregated into different clusters such as clusters in solution and clusters in thin films. Absorption peaks were observed at 2.73 eV. These peaks did probably not come from the feature of the isolated molecules but from the direct interaction of the molecules. Absorption peaks were also observed at 3.35 eV from grained fullerene films. We think these peaks came from the interaction of the molecules at interfaces of grains. Dichroism of this absorption was also found from samples with anisotropic macrostructures.


The thermal volume-expansion coefficient of equiatomic Na-Cs liquid alloy at T=373K is calculated by the variational method with hard-sphere reference system. It is found that the Krasco-Gurskiy model pseudopotential with the Geldart-Vosko exchange-correlation function gives a slightly better agreement with the experiment than the local Animalu-Heine model pseudopotential with the Toigo-Woodruff exchange-correlation function.


Teacher autonomy within Hong Kong's schools is constrained by a highly bureaucratic system in which their individual teaching styles are compromised. This could be reflected in the former studies on the school-based curriculum development (SBCD) schemes initiated by the Hong Kong government, in which what was supposed to be a bottom-up innovation had turned into a highly centralized initiative. Whereas the aim of SBCD should be to allow teachers to make decisions at the school level to cater for pupils' needs, the government-initiated SBCD schemes targeted to satisfy bureaucratic requirements instead. At issue is bureaucratisation of school-based innovations, which threatens to usurp teachers' autonomy to make sensible judgments in response to contextual concerns. To provide a different perspective, this qualitative case study takes an insider approach to examine the implementation of a teacher-initiated school-based curriculum in a Hong Kong secondary school. English lessons delivered by four Secondary 5 (equivalent to Year 11) teachers were observed in 2013. Running logs were used to record how the four teachers delivered the school-based materials in one of their English lessons and were compared. The Gregorc Style Delineator instrument was used to identify the teachers' mind styles following the classroom observations. The research found that three teachers held the same mind style of Concrete Sequential, and their lesson activities shared many common features. However, the teacher who held the mind style of Abstract Sequential adopted a different approach in her teaching. Coupled with the classroom observations were semi-structured interviews which were designed to elicit the four participants' attitudes towards the SBCD in this study. Whilst all teachers held positive attitudes towards the curriculum and mentioned some of the benefits of SBCD that were aligned with overseas studies, they also made adaptations to the materials in accordance with their preferred teaching styles. The findings thus contrast sharply with former studies on government-initiated SBCD schemes, in which teachers tended to conform to the official requirements. Finally, this study discusses the extent to which the factor of mind styles should be incorporated into curriculum design, and provides some guidelines for how SBC could be implemented and developed.


OBJECTIVES
 (1) To compare the ability of standard computed tomography (CT) scale (SCTS) and extended CT scale (ECTS) images, produced using conventional CT technology, to provide detailed assessment of metal screws in vitro. (2) To assess how screw size, type, and orientation relative to the Z-axis of the gantry affect implant assessment. (3) To test the ability of SCTS, ECTS, and radiography to diagnose screw failure when there is negligible screw fragment displacement.

STUDY DESIGN
 Part 1: 12 screws of different size, type, and composition were scanned in three orientations (parallel or 0°; oblique or 45°; and perpendicular or 90°) relative to the Z-axis of the gantry. SCTS and ECTS reconstructions were made for each screw, in each plane, to assess implant shape, structure, and diameter. Part 2: fatigue-failure was induced in four screws commonly used to stabilize canine humeral intracondylar fissures. Screws were then reassembled achieving grossly perfect apposition and alignment of the fragments. Ability to detect implant failure was tested using SCTS, ECTS, and radiography.

RESULTS
 ECTS provided better screw assessment compared with SCTS resulting in clear visualization of the structure in 8/12 versus 0/12 screws and shape in 12/12 versus 11/12 screws; however, results were affected by screw size, type, and orientation. ECTS identified all in vitro screw fractures with negligible screw fragment displacement; however, success was affected by screw orientation: 4/4 fractures identified with a 90° angle, 1/4 for 45°, and 0/4 for 0°. SCTS and radiography did not identify any of them.

CONCLUSION
 The results indicate that ECTS reconstructions are useful for assessment of metal screws and for detection of nondisplaced screw fractures.


Abstract : This manual has been published to familiarize operators with the field standard weight and force system, insofar as its direct application with the launcher weighing system currently used in the Atlas program. The FSWAF system has been designed to permit the application and recording of loads, by remote control, to a launcher frame. The primary purpose of the FSWAF system is to calibrate other force measuring systems. (Author)


Constructed wetland technology is used as an alternative of conventional wastewater treatment systems in various parts of the world with low land costs and limited labor supply. In Turkey, constructed wetlands play a key role in economic and sustainable solution of wastewater problems especially of rural sections of the country. Domestic wastewater generally generate pollution through basic plant nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). Substrate adsorption is the principle phosphorus removal mechanism in constructed wetland systems. This study was conducted to investigate the phosphorus removal performance of zeolite and pumice minerals from domestic wastewaters. Filter column tests were conducted under laboratory conditions to assess the phosphorus removal performance of substrate materials. Zeolite and pumice materials were used alone and in mixtures (%(v/v) 75, 50 and 25) and filter columns were subjected to three different phosphorus concentrations (10, 20 and 40 mg-l) and four different hydraulic retention times (1, 2, 3 and 4 days). At the end of hydraulic retention times, effluent samples were taken, and EC, pH and TP tests were conducted on samples. The lowest variations in EC values were seen in pumice material. Increasing pH values were observed with increasing influent concentrations in all materials. Pumice exhibited greater phosphorus adsorption performance than zeolite and increasing phosphorus adsorption was observed with increasing pumice ratio in mixtures.


Imagine a world where designers have full understanding of the construction process, the ability to preview the consequences of taken decision. The clear communication during the whole life cycle of buildings. Our imaginations today become a reality. The solution is Building Information Modelling (BIM). The BIM process could revolutionize the construction market, and the system which our predecessors knew, cease to exist. It is a buzzing topic nowadays, every company in Architecture, Engineering, Construction (AEC) market can see benefits in implementing this technology into their own businesses. This change is comparable to the introduction of the Computer Aided Design (CAD) software to the design office. The change is inevitable. The majority of this study will detail the workflow process between software from different vendors as well as from the same vendors. This research focuses on data exchange by add-on tools, indirect link and direct link options. The characteristics of the BIM process and clarification of a number of concepts will be found by the readers in this thesis. It is not possible to understand the benefits that this technology brings, without this chapter.


Wildfire risk assessment research has made considerable progress towards estimating the probability of wildfires but comparatively little progress towards estimating the expected consequences of potential fires. One challenge with estimating wildfire consequences has been to identify a common metric that can be applied to consequences measured in different units. In this paper, we use the preferences of representatives of local fire management agencies as the common consequences metric and apply it to a case study in the southern Gulf Islands, British Columbia, Canada. The method uses an expert survey and a maximum-difference conjoint analysis to establish the relative importance of specific fire consequences. A fire with a major potential for loss of life was considered to be about three times worse than major damage to houses and 4.5 times worse than loss of a rare species. Risk ratings were very sensitive to changes in fire consequences ratings. As the complexity of values at risk and number of stakeho...


Abstract. This work examines reŒection of a light wave fromthe surface of a semi-inOnite medium covered with an orderedmonolayer of spherical nanoparticles. We derive analyticalexpressions for the electric Oelds within and outside suchstructures with allowance for the electrodynamic interactionof the nanoparticles with one another and with the substrate.It is shown that such metalayers may raise or reduce thereŒection coefOcient relative to Fresnel reŒection from anuncoated substrate surface. Constructive and destructiveinterference conditions are examined. We derive and analysea zero-reŒection condition in the form of a relationshipbetween the parameters of the monolayer and medium.Keywords: metamaterial, monolayer of nanoparticles, light scatte-ring by small particles. 1. Introduction Much attention has recently been paid to the opticalproperties of artiOcially structured materials containingvarious nanoscale objects embedded in a matrix, which arereferred to as metamaterials [1o4]. The interest inmetamaterials is generated by the possibility of observinga number of unusual effects related to their compositestructure and the speciOcs of light scattering by nano-particles. Indeed, varying the geometric and materialparameters of a system, one can obtain, e.g., media witha giant, extremely small or negative refractive index [1, 5, 6]or with a real part of their refractive index close to unity [7].A surface monolayer of spherical clusters was describedtheoretically by directly solving Maxwell's equations inspherical coordinates [8, 9]. Although the solution obtainedby Mie [10] refers to diffraction from a single sphere, it canbe generalised to any number of interacting particles using3j symbols and ClebschoGordan coefOcients, which allowone to take into account multiple coherent light scatteringby nanoclusters in the structures in question [8]. Thisapproach is however not always appropriate. Indeed, asshown earlier [8, 9, 11, 12] the interaction between particlesis long-range and requires taking into account a rather largenumber of elements that inŒuence each other. The problemcan thus be treated in this approach only numerically, whichrequires a long computation time. Similar difOculties areencountered in other methods that directly solve Maxwell'sequations, such as the Onite element method (FEM) [13, 14],Onite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method [15, 16], andcoupled dipole method (CDM) [17]. Moreover, taking intoaccount the interaction between a layer of nanoparticles andthe substrate [9, 14, 17] adds considerable complexity to thecomputation process or requires a number of approxima-tions, e.g., averaging of the refractive indices of the substrateand environment [18], which can be done by differentprocedures, or the introduction of an imaginary nano-structured layer, a reŒection of the real layer [9].A recently proposed theoretical approach [4, 11, 19]allows one to Ond a relatively simple analytical solutionto the problem of light scattering by a system of nano-clusters in the long-wavelength approximation. The theoryrelies on an integral-equation formalism [8, 20], does notrequire Maxwell boundary conditions for evaluating theinteraction parameters of nanoparticles in the layer and, aswill be shown below, makes it possible to directly take intoaccount the mutual polarisation of the medium and nano-structured layer. Note that the ability to Ond an analyticalsolution is essential for inverse optical problems, where theresultant optical properties are given a priori, whereas theunderlying geometric and material parameters of the systemare unknown. In this context, we propose using the above-mentioned integral-equation method and reOning the resultsby electrodynamic Onite element simulation in the COM-SOL Multiphysics environment [21].This work focuses on the interference interaction of anordered monolayer of spherical nanoparticles with thesubstrate. The expressions obtained for the Oelds withinand outside the system are used to examine the conditionsunder which its reŒectance decreases or increases. We deriveand analyse the condition for complete elimination ofreŒection from a medium (zero-reŒection condition), whichdetermines the geometric and material parameters of thenanoparticle monolayer necessary for suppressing the reŒec-tion from the substrate, and demonstrate that zero reŒectionis possible in a wide wavelength range.


This paper presents the state of the art and future prospects for autonomous real-time on-orbit calibration of gyros and attitude sensors. The current practice in ground-based calibration is presented briefly to contrast it with on-orbit calibration. The technical and economic benefits of on-orbit calibration are discussed. Various algorithms for on-orbit calibration are evaluated, including some that are already operating on board spacecraft. Because Redundant Inertial Measurement Units (RIMUs, which are IMUs that have more than three sense axes) are almost ubiquitous on spacecraft, special attention will be given to calibration of RIMUs. In addition, we discuss autonomous on board calibration and how it may be implemented.


Fatigue tests of Zr-based bulk metallic glass plates were conducted under cyclic-torsion, and the results were compared with those obtained under cyclic-bending and axial-loading. The fatigue strength of axial-loading was lower than that under cyclic-bending because the fatigue strength depends on the cooling rate in the casting process of the material, which is different in the thickness direction. The fatigue strength of plane-bending reflects the strength at the specimen surface while that of axial-loading is determined by the weakest strength in the thickness direction. For cyclic torsion of specimens with rectangular cross-section, the fatigue crack initiation site must be determined by the ratio of specimen width to specimen thickness, and fatigue strength depends on the ratio. Therefore, the criteria for fatigue limit under combined stress for metallic glass should be constructed considering the crack initiation site.


An endoscope is a medical instrument that acquires images inside the human body. This paper proposes a new approach for the automatic detection of polyp regions in an endoscope image using a Hessian filter and machine learning techniques. Previous approaches tried to detect candidate polyp regions based on rectangular patches. But, a purely patch-based approach can miss classify candidate regions because other information necessarily is included in each rectangular patch. Here, a Hessian filter is used to detect image regions corresponding to blob-like structures. Detailed color and edge features are extracted only for the detected candidate regions. SVMs (with Boosting) are constructed to classify candidate regions as polyps. The new approach is demonstrated experimentally. High accuracy is achieved.


Underwater acoustical communication channels are characterized by the spreading of received signals in space (direction of arrival) and in time (delay). The spread is often limited to a small number of space-time clusters. In this paper, the space-time clustering is exploited in a proposed receiver designed for guard-free orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with superimposed data and pilot signals. For separation of space clusters, the receiver utilizes a vertical linear array (VLA) of hydrophones, whereas for combining delay-spread signals within a space cluster, a time-domain equalizer is used. We compare a number of space-time processing techniques, including a proposed reduced-complexity spatial filter, and show that techniques exploiting the space-time clustering demonstrate an improved detection performance. The comparison is done using signals transmitted by a moving transducer, and recorded on a 14-element nonuniform VLA in sea trials at distances of 46 and 105 km.


AbstractConstruction engineering is a vital discipline in industry practice, providing essential facilities and systems for modern society. Despite its undisputed importance, basic research intensity and focus has been declining, which is compounded by challenges in collaboration between industry and academia. This study therefore aimed to revitalize construction engineering by emphasizing basic research, exploring barriers and enablers, and collaboratively establishing an ambitious research agenda. These objectives were addressed via a dedicated research conference and workshop held in March 2014 in Seattle. The event outcomes included new collaborations for 49% of workshop participants. In addition, the workshop identified four fundamental attributes of basic construction engineering research, including the drive to further knowledge, to improve construction delivery, to serve industry, and to pursue sustainability. Ultimately, this paper presents a research agenda for construction engineering based on ...


The overall experimental design was developed as three separate but related experiments that deal with estimation and explanation of ridership, estimation and explanation of costs, and identification and evaluation of benefits.


By JACK BELL WASHINGTON IJP)-Four Republican senators proposed legislation last night tl;) continue rent controls for the rest oI 1947 with a 15 percent boost in ceilings. Senator Hawkes of New Jersey 68id the bill probably will be introduced tomorrow and predicted it will become the vehicle by which congress will act to continue the present rent controls now due to expire June 30. Joining him in sponsoring the measure are Senators McCarthy of WI.sconsin, Cain of Washington and Malone of Nevada.


Within the framework of theories where both scalars and fermions are present, we develop a systematic prescription for the construction of [ital CP]-violating quantities that are invariant under basis transformations of those matter fields. In theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking, the analysis involves the VEV transformation properties under a scalar basis change, with a considerable simplification of the study of [ital CP] violation in the scalar sector. These techniques are then applied in detail to the two-Higgs-doublet model with quarks. It is shown that there are new invariants involving scalar-fermion interactions, in addition to those already derived in previous analyses for the fermion-gauge and scalar-gauge sectors.


Abstract AIM This integrative review seeks to provide effective teaching and learning strategies for teaching about racism and advancing health equity. BACKGROUND Most faculty preparation remains devoid of an exploration of racism and the skills to critique how historical events and socialization create and reinforce the biases that influence how we teach and provide care. It is difficult to teach what we do not know. METHOD Using Whittmore and Knafl's approach, we conducted an integrative review of multidisciplinary literature from 2009 to 2021 to uncover best practices for teaching about racism. Seven databases yielded 55 relevant articles from 18 disciplines. RESULTS Four themes emerged illuminating effective strategies for teaching and learning about systemic racism: encounter education, reflection, discussion, and activism. CONCLUSION Findings of this review align with Mezirow's transformative learning theory and highlight the importance of not just "doing" antiracist activities in a course but "becoming" an antiracist educator.


This paper presents a sepic based dual output DC-DC converter, which is suitable for solar applications where two output voltages are needed at the same time. The proposed converter topology is the combination of sepic converter and high gain multilevel boost converter. Only one input source and switch is required to obtain two output voltages at the same time. One output voltage is obtained through high gain multilevel boost converter and other output voltage is obtained through sepic converter. Sepic converter operates in two modes, step-up or step-down depending on the duty cycle. The output voltage levels of high gain multilevel boost converter can be increases by adding diodes and capacitors without disturbing main circuit. The converter has been designed for 12V input supply with rated output parameters 180W, 230V and 50W, 36V. Switching frequency of applied gate pulse is 50 KHz with 75% duty cycle. Simulation is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK.


The transmission of a data packet with the least amount of energy consumption is a significant difficulty since IoT and Millions of low-power sensor nodes make up wireless networks. To solve this problem, several routing protocols are created for WSN. In this article, we initiate a heterogeneous energy-based (HEB) routing protocol known as advanced topography routing protocol for heterogeneous IoT and WSN. Some T-HEB protocol nodes broadcast data directly to the base station, whereas others do so through the clustering mechanism. Based on the node's energy, this technique divides unknown field dimensions into three topographies. We study Z-SEP protocol communication with base station and cluster head selection, and we develop a new cluster head selection method based on residual energy and distance from base station. Base stations are connected to nodes via multi-hop communication. Additionally, in order to compare the T-HEB with the parent protocol, other evaluation scenarios are used, such as moving the base station, using inverted nodes, and using variable node energy. We use the T-HEB and compare it to the widely used Z- SEP and SEP routing protocols. Compare the proposed protocol with its parent protocol by simulation using the MATLAB 2021a simulator. The simulation results show that, compared to existing protocols, the T-HEB protocol I propose improves stability by increasing the number of active nodes, packet delivery rate, and average power consumption.


The utility model belongs to the technical field of treatment equipment for joint function disturbance, and particularly relates to a fine-tuning type static traction brace for the joint function disturbance. The fine-tuning type static traction brace for the joint function disturbance comprises a lower limb surrounding sleeve and an upper limb surrounding sleeve, the lower limb surrounding sleeve and the upper limb surrounding sleeve are provided with a lower joint support and an upper joint support respectively, the lower joint support and the upper joint support are movably connected through a joint shaft to form a bendable joint assembly, the lower joint support and the upper joint support are respectively provided with multiple buckle belt rings, multiple deep-groove pulleys are fixed to the lower limb surrounding sleeve and the upper limb surrounding sleeve respectively, the deep-groove pulleys are connected through a traction rope to form a pulley block, and a stepping type rope reeling rotating wheel is arranged on the lower limb surrounding sleeve or the upper limb surrounding sleeve. The fine-tuning type static traction brace for the joint function disturbance is simple in structure, low in cost, easy to operate, safe, reliable and good in treatment effect.


The customer satisfaction has a very important role in today's market as a means to build strong bonds with the user, providing profitability and sustainability for the company as a result. Customer satisfaction has the main benefit namely to provide assurance on the existing market share held among the sharp competitors. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of percieved value, percieved quality and customer expectation toward customer satisfaction. Sample collection technique is used judgement sampling technique with a total sample of 140 respondents. This research performed two analyzes, namely: Multiple Linear Regression and Two-sample Test Free using SPSS 21. The results of research is that perceived value significantly and positively affects the customer satisfaction, perceived quality significantly and positively affects the customer satisfaction, customer expectations significantly and positively affects customer satisfaction of research highbrow coffee Starbucks coffee company in Surabaya city .

Key words : Perceived quality, Percieved value, Customer expectations and Customer satisfaction


A needle assembly (1) comprising: a needle (10, 210, 510, 910, 1010) having a proximal end (15, 215), a sharp distal end (25, 225, 525, 1025), a longitudinal axis (11) and an outer surface (12, 212, 522); a set of needle guard (90, 2110, 900, 10110), comprising: an object lock needle (3, 102, 122, 922, 2122, 10122) having an axis object point lock (24 ); a first housing (95, 295, 905) having an outer wall (19) and an inner lumen (93, 112, 913, 2112), which is dimensioned such that the first housing (95, 295, 905) can slide longitudinally on the outer surface (12, 212, 522) of the needle (10, 210, 510, 910, 1010), the first housing (95, 295, 905) with an opening (18, 120, 920 being provided, 2120) therein to carry the needle blocking object (3, 102, 122, 922, 2122, 10122); a spring (2, 110, 111, 911, 2111) which exerts a force axially in the distal direction on the needle blocking object (3, 102, 122, 922, 2122, 10122); a second housing (100, 910, 2100) covering at least a portion of the first housing (95, 295, 905) and spring (110); wherein, in an unprotected position, the sharpened distal end (25, 225, 525, 1025) of the needle is distal to the first housing (95, 295, 905), and the object point lock ( 3, 102, 122, 922, 2122, 10122) is held in the opening (18, 120, 920, 2120) in contact with the outer surface (12, 212, 522) of the needle (10, 210, 510, 910 , 1010), and in which, in a protection position, the distal end (15) sharp (25, 225, 525, 1025) of the needle (10,210, 510, 910, 1010) is in the set of protection needle (90, 2110, 900, 10110), and the object point lock (3, 102, 122, 922, 2122, 10122) is located at least partially in the inner lumen (93, 112, 913, 2112), thereby blocking the emergence of the sharp distal tip (25, 225, 525, 1025) of the needle (10, 210, 510, 910, 1010) from the set of needle guard (90, 2110, 900 , 10110), and the axis (23) of the needle blocking object (3, 102, 122, 922, 2122, 10122) is displaced relative to the longitudinal axis (11) of the needle (10, 210, 510, 910, 1010); wherein the opening (18, 120, 920, 2120) extends from the outer wall (19) of the first housing (95, 295, 905) to the inner lumen (93, 112, 913, 2112), the second housing (100, 910, 2100) comprises a lateral orifice (21, 150, 2150) and a pivoting edge (155) defined by a wall of the second housing (100, 910, 2100), the lateral orifice (21, 150 being dimensioned , 2150) so that a part of the object lock needle (3, 102, 122, 922, 2122, 10122) protrudes through the side port (21,150, 2150) in the unprotected position, and in the protective position the object lock needle (3, 102, 122, 922, 2122, 10122) is pushed by the spring (2, 110, 111, 911, 2111) in the opening (18, 120, 920, 2120) such so that the pivot edge (155) is above the needle blocking object (3, 102, 122, 922, 10122).


The recurrence time, T r , of strong earthquakes above a predefined magnitude threshold on specific faults or fault segments is an important parameter, that could be used as an input in the development of long-term fault-based Earthquake Rupture Forecasts (ERF). The amount of observational recurrence time data per segment is often limited, due to the long duration of the stress rebuilt and the shortage of earthquake catalogs. As a consequence, the application of robust statistical models is difficult to implement with a precise conclusion, concerning T r and its variability. Physics-based earthquake simulators are a powerful tool to overcome these limitations, and could provide much longer earthquake records than the historical and instrumental earthquake catalogs. A physics-based simulator, which embodies known physical processes, is applied in the Southern Thessaly Fault Zone (Greece), aiming to provide insights about the recurrence behavior of earthquakes with M w ≥ 6.0 in the six major fault segments in the study area. The build of the input fault model is made by compiling the geometrical and kinematic parameters of the fault network from the available seismotectonic studies. The simulation is implemented through the application of the algorithm multiple times, with a series of different input free parameters, in order to conclude in the simulated catalog which showed the best performance in respect to the observational data. The detailed examination of the 254 M w ≥ 6.0 earthquakes reported in the simulated catalog reveals that both single and multiple segmented ruptures can be realized in the study area. Results of statistical analysis of the interevent times of the M w ≥ 6.0 earthquakes per segment evidence quasi-periodic recurrence behavior and better performance of the Brownian Passage Time (BPT) renewal model in comparison to the Poissonian behavior.


This paper discusses the role of usefulness, usability, and user experience in a startup company focusing on location-based applications. In just three years, the emphasis of design moved from usefulness to UX, resulting in opening new market segments, getting several new licensees, and learning quite a lot along the way. The learning process is discussed by the means of Action Track, a versatile but user-friendly authoring tool for developing location-based activities.


In light of the increasing global competition among both multinational companies and national economies, Barbara Samuels examines a source of economic tension that has broad social implications: as multinational companies (MNCs) strive for cheaper labor and new markets, less-developed countries (LDCs) are becoming more concerned with extracting benefits from these companies to achieve their development objectives. Samuels centers her study on the variables shaping the responses of MNCs to national demands while considering current debates on country risk, global competitiveness, and national industrial policy. Advancing a micro-view of the MNC and its host country in two case studies, Samuels shows how an MNC subsidiary's integration with headquarters and its closeness with local government affect its management of risk and its ability to deal with LDC demands. Here the author investigates the labor and investment policy changes brought about when various automotive subsidiaries interacted with national interest groups in Brazil and with the government in Mexico. Both cases illustrate how the policy response of one subsidiary creates the dynamics for defensive policy changes of its competitors. MNC managers and LDC policymakers can draw important conclusions.


This paper reviews how population size and structure impacts the maintenance of genetic variation in breeding and gene resource populations. We discuss appropriate population sizes for low frequency alleles and point out some examples of low frequency alleles in the literature. Development of appropriate breeding populations and gene resource populations are discussed. Introduction The primary objective of a breeding program is to increase the frequency of desirable alleles found in the breeding population. While breeders know the traits they wish to improve, they do not know which alleles (genes) favorably impact the traits or their distribution in the native population. Breeding programs must maintain sufficient genetic variation to allow for continued genetic gains over multiple generations. Complicating matters is the fact that traits of interest change over time in response to new pests or changes in markets. Population sizes needed to maintain gains in polygenic traits of current interest are much smaller than population sizes needed to find potentially rare traits that may be desired in the future. This paper considers the impact of breeding population size and structure on the maintenance of genetic variation and on continued genetic gain. The breeder needs to consider both shortand long-term objectives when structuring a breeding program. Short-term objectives usually include obtaining substantial gains in current traits of interest in the first few generations of breeding while maintaining well-adapted trees. Long-term objectives include the maintenance of low frequency alleles and control of inbreeding. A major conflict arises between shortand long-term objectives. Selection intensity must be high to obtain substantial genetic gains, yet maintaining rare alleles requires keeping a large breeding population in subsequent generations. However, there are ways to structure the breeding population and make selections to reduce this conflict. Fortunately, the breeding population is only one aspect of gene resource management. Rowland Burdon developed a pyramid that conceptualizes the role of the breeding population in gene resource management (Figure 1). The horizontal axis represents genetic diversity and the vertical axis represents genetic gain. The gene resource population represents all of the available genetic variation that could contribute to the breeding population. This includes native stands, provenance trials, seed orchard parents, progeny in progeny tests, and operational plantations. The next level is the breeding population, which must have sufficient genetic variation to maintain genetic gain for multiple generations. It tends to be more improved than the gene resource population. At the top is the production population, consisting of seed


the requisite knowledge but points out that even in domains where they are knowledgeable, younger children are still less likely to transfer appropriate problem solutions. Brown suggests this may be so because older children are more capable of reflecting on their own performance, an activity that might help them acquire another form of knowledge that younger children do not possess—metaconceptual knowledge about the nature of learning. Considered together, these chapters raise the question why it is so difficult for developmental psychologists to agree on what (if anything) develops in analogical reasoning. In reviewing this issue across sections of the book, it is not obvious how Vosnaidou, Brown, and Gentner would reconcile their respective developmental accounts with the findings of L. Smith, who reports agerelated changes in the basis for similarity judgments. Also unresolved in these chapters— and liable to remain unresolved for the near future—is the extent to which analogical reasoning relies on processes that are syntactic and structural versus knowledge-based and pragmatic. Although the public participants in this debate have most frequently been Gentner and Holyoak, it is a debate that the entire field "owns," in the sense that it is both central and as yet unresolved. The debate concerns the conundrum of how we can generate or understand analogies that cross domains. In particular, how do we decide which elements are central to the analogy and which are irrelevant? Gentner's theory holds that, for the most part, we rely on structural similarities between domains. Mapping from a "base" to a "target" domain is governed by the principle of systematicity, which specifies that preference is given to systems of relations, especially higher order relations, rather than to attributes or single predicates. Thus, coherent systems of mutually interconnecting relations have priority in the mapping process. In contrast to this syntactic explanation, Holyoak and Thagard focus on the role of knowledge and pragmatics. They argue that the structural similarities between two domains cannot be assumed as a given, because apparent similarities often shift with changes in our goals and intentions. A purely structural, syntactic theory of analogy begs the question of how we know what relations are relevant in the first place, especially in those cases when we do not know much about the target domain. In the chapters presented here, the grounds of this debate appear to be shifting somewhat toward a consensus that a full account of analogical reasoning entails both structural principles, on the one hand, and specific content knowledge and pragmatic considerations, including plans and goals, on the other. However, consensus has not yet been achieved about how to conceive of the relations between structure and pragmatics. Some of these chapters (e.g., those by Dejong, Gentner, Ross, and JohnsonLaird) suggest that whether structure or pragmatics is given primacy in an explanation of analogical reasoning may partly depend upon the kind of analogy being discussed, as well as the uses and functions that the analogy is serving. Perhaps participants in this field will eventually work out the important differences in kinds of analogies and uses of analogies and the implications of those differences for psychological processes of analogical reasoning. As these points illustrate, even when the chapter authors are not explicitly addressing each other, new and intriguing conceptual questions are suggested by the mere fact that their work is juxtaposed in this book. Moreover, it is stimulating rather than disappointing that so many questions get raised while so few get definitively resolved. The editors deserve congratulations for their risky decision to focus so many different pairs of glasses on a common set of issues. It is not surprising that we don't yet agree about what we see.


Use of nuclear transfer (NT) in the cynomolgus monkey to establish tailor-made ES cells with the final goal of cloned embryo production was investigated. Activation stimulus conditions previously confirmed in parthenote production were used. Injection method NT was conducted using cynomolgus monkey fetus fibroblast cells in order to investigated the time it takes, from injection to activation, to reprogram the donor nuclei. Oocytes were collected under laparoscopic observation from mature cynomolgus monkeys 40 h after hCG (400 IU/kg) administration 9 days after follicle stimulation by i.m. injection of FSH (25 IU/kg). Donor cells, 40-day-old fetus fibroblast cells, were cultivated and synchronized at G0/G1 phase. After mature (MII) oocytes were enucleated using a Piezo-drive unit, donor cells were injected. At 2 h (Experiment 1, E1) and 4 h (Experiment 2, E2) after donor cell injection, activation was carried out by 2-min treatment with ionomycin and cultivation by 6-dimethylaminopurine for 4 h. As a control, parthenote production was carried out under the same activation conditions as NT. After activation, in vitro culture was carried out for about 9 days under conditions of 38°C, 5% CO2, and 5% O2. Whole-mount specimens of NT embryos were made immediately post-injection, 2 and 4 h post-injection, and 2 h after activation. Pronuclear formation (PN) and cleavage rates of NT embryos were 82.1% and 95.7% for E1, and 53.8% and 92.8% for E2, respectively. Control PN and cleavage rates were each 100%. Subsequent embryo development arrested at the 6-cell stage (8.7%) in E1 and 5-cell stage (7.1%) in E2 but proceeded to blastocyst stage (27.3%) in the control. For whole mount specimens, donor nuclei caused premature chromosome condensation in enucleated oocyte cytoplasm, and decondensation due to activation was seen, so injected donor nuclei reconstruction had occurred. No difference was seen between E2 and E1 embryo development and whole mount specimens, but E1 PN rate was clearly higher than that of E2. So 2 h of reprogramming time is more appropriate than 4 h. In this study, most NT embryos arrested at the 4-cell stage. These results suggest that development did not proceed beyond MET (maternal-embryonic transition) which is believed to occur between the 4- and 8-cell stage in cynomolgus monkey. Further study will be necessary to find the condition that completely reprograms injected donor nuclei for cloned embryo production. Table 1. Development of cynomolgus monkey fibroblast nuclear transfer embryos This work was supported by grants from the ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture (13358014, 14380382).


For networks of systems, with possibly improper transfer function matrices, we present a design framework which enables $\mathcal{H}_\infty$ control, while imposing sparsity constraints on the controller's coprime factors. We propose a convex and iterative optimization procedure with guaranteed convergence to obtain distributed controllers. By exploiting the robustness-oriented nature of our proposed approach, we provide the means to obtain sparse representations of our control laws that may not be directly supported by the network's nominal model.


A simple galvanostatic method is reported on the preparation of bimetallic Pt-Sn and trimetallic Pt-Sn-Ni catalysts onto graphite sheet electrode and studied their catalytic activity towards isopropanol (2-Propanol/2-PrOH) and ethanol (EtOH) electro-oxidation. These catalysts have been characterized by SEM, EDX, CV and amperometry. The results indicate that the Pt- Sn-Ni catalyst performs better than the binary Pt-Sn catalyst for both the alcohols. The results are explained in terms of bifunctional effect, electronic effect and strong adsorption of intermediate products.


Recent studies in corpus linguistics indicate a general rise in the popularity of quasimodal use and a general decrease in the use of modal auxiliaries, particularly in the realm of World Englishes. This rise in popularity, particularly in spoken registers, indicates a need for teachers of English to adequately understand quasi-modal verbs. The author describes the formal and semantic properties of quasi-modal verbs and discusses their usage in contemporary Englishes.


Silicon is a promising anode material for lithium-ion battery application due to its high specific capacity. Unfortunately, silicon undergoes a volume expansion of 300~400% full lithiation and suffers from severe capacity fade, which limit its successful application in commercial cells. In this study, we used in situ acoustic emission and laser microscope observation method for detecting the volume change in silicon negative electrodes. It was shown that the long-term performance of the silicon negative electrode was dictated by its spallation during the discharge steps, while only the first lithiation caused its delamination and spoliation in the charge step. This strongly indicates that the energy of emission, and hence the amount of damage, is related to capacity loss. This study demonstrate that AE is a powerful tool to survey the real-time mechanical damage and electrochemical degradation in the electrode.


Sice China opened its doors to foreign business in 1978, its economy has boomed with an annual growth rate of 13 percent in recent years. As market competition has become increasingly intense, the demand for public relations has rapidly escalated as a growing number of local and foreign businesses battle for a piece of the Chinese market. Because public relations is still in its infancy stage in China, there are vast opportunities there for local and for- eign image-building practitioners. The Chinese public relations industry is thriving and gaining in irnportanceimd those abroad are continuing to take notice.


The flowering dynamics of Ocimum basilicum L. was studied with the aim to create an exact and practically applicable method for definition of its phases. Model experiments were done in 1997, on a common population maintained at the University and in 1998, the research work was extended over 11 populations of basil. According to our observation, the development of individual flowers of the basil can be characterised by 8 distinguishable phases, which must be considered for description of the actual phenological stage of a spike. An accurate model was created for the unambiguous description of flowering process of different flowers within the spike and for the individual plant as a whole. The new flowering index formula is calculated from the number of flowers weighted by their phenological phases. The time dependence of flowering is presented by functions fitted to values of the flowering index. The results reflected different patterns of the main inflorescence, the inflorescence formed on the side shoots in the first or in the second half of the flowering period. However, for description of the flowering process of the whole plant, a sigmoid function proved to be the appropriate model. The accumulation process of the essential oil could be characterised by the flowering index values (r=0.964). Based on the investigation of 11 genotypes it was proved, that the optimal harvesting time cannot be generalised to the species, as it is done by the literature. Genotype dependence was justified. INTRODUCTION Ocimum basilicum is an annual medicinal and aromatic plant from Lamiaceae family. Its main active agent is the essential oil, which accumulates during flowering in 0.5-1.5 per cent. In the course of research work with basil, the problem how to describe the phenological phases of sampling was raised, since the flowers within the basil's spike open continuously parallel with the development of the spike. Looking through the related literature, numerous studies can be found trying to identify the phenological phase of sampling. Scientists can distinguish the phenophases according to the length of inflorescence (Bonnardeaux, 1992). Most frequently the estimation of the course of flowering is the way of the description (Basker and Putievsky, 1978; Lemberkovics et.al., 1993; Randhawa and Gill, 1995; Lemberkovics et.al., 1996; Gill and Randhawa, 1996; Gupta, 1996). Plugaru (1996) suggested deciding the harvesting time according to the maturation degree of the central spike; and in a study of Putievsky (1993) according to the maturation degree of the whole plant was described the phenophases of sampling. The description of phenophases varies from publication to publication. Therefore, the lack of exact definition of phenological phases decreases the reproducibility of samplings, the possibility of comparison of investigations and it produces in some cases contradictory results. In the present study, our intention was to characterise and describe the flowering dynamics of basil, giving numerical definition of the flowering stages. Furthermore, based on the proper numerical definition of the stages, a quasi model on development and essential oil accumulation was built-up. Proc. Int. Conf. on MAP Eds. J. Bernáth et al. Acta Hort. 576, ISHS 2002 106 MATERIALS AND METHODS The open-field experiment was done in Soroksár, at the Experimental Station of the Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Szent István University, which can be described by continental climate and slightly humic sandy soil. During the growing seasons the plants were irrigated regularly. In 1997, the population of Ocimum basilicum 'A-1' was used for model experiments and in 1998, the research work was extended over 11 populations of basil. All the populations can be characterised by adequate morphological and chemical homogeneity. The plant material was grown by sowing seeds in greenhouse (April), thinning after 3 weeks and transplanting at the end of May. Each population consisted of 60 individual plants in spacing 60x40 cm. Two characteristics of populations were followed both years, the flowering and the essential oil accumulation. The study in floral biology was done from the beginning to the end of flowering period. Measurements were made every 3-7 days depending on the intensity of blooming, on three representative individuals of the populations. Developmental phases of flowers were registered within the inflorescence, continuously. For the proper identification, the apical inflorescence and those ones formed on the sideshoots were marked individually and ranked according to their position (Szabó, 2001). For checking the essential oil accumulation during the development, plants were harvested regularly. The samples taken from 3 average individuals each time, were dried and crushed. The distillation of essential oil was made by Clevenger apparatus in the laboratory of the Department using 10 g drug and expressed in % of the dry mass. For the mathematical evaluation SPSS statistical program was used. For modelling the time dependence of flowering, fitting function was applied. To describe the correlation between the essential oil content and the numerically defined phenological stages, correlation analysis was used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In order to characterise the ageing of inflorescence of basil the distinguishable phases of individual flowers was observed. According to our observation for flowers of basil 8 distinguishable phases exist: -green bud stage: the whorl has already separated on the axis of inflorescence, the petals are greenish, and from side-view the calyx still covers the corolla, -white bud stage: the petals are white and turgid, from side-view the calyx does not cover them, -opening of the flower: the petals are just before opening, or the stigma and stamina are already visible, however, the corolla is still tubulous, -fully open flower: the typical Labiatae corolla appears, the upper and lower lips diverge from one another, stigma and stamina show their characteristic colour, -fading of the flower: the stigma and stamen become brown, the petals show some kind of wilting, -white seed stage: from the abscission of petals to the development of full size of schizocarps -brown seed stage: the colours of fruits show the different shade of brown, their ripening began -black, ripe seed stage: characteristic colour and size of the schizocarps appear. In the model experiments in 1997 having registered all the counted numbers of flowers in the 8 stages, it was necessary to convert the mass of data into one number that facilitates to reach further conclusions. Therefore, based on literature data (Máthé, 1977) a flowering index formula to determine the developmental stage of the individual spikes or the plant as a whole was created. The simultaneous changes of different flowers within the spike were expressed by giving weights to developmental stages. Table 1. shows the grouping of stages and their weights. Thus the flowering index formula created for the exact determination of the developmental stage of basil inflorescence is as follows:


The present study was conducted to explore ethnobotanical diversity and importance of local plants harnessing for medicinal purposes by the local people of Una and Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh, India. We recorded in total 159 plant species of 138 genera belonging to 68 families to cure more than 33 different types of ailments. Across family-wise distribution, most important useful plants were recorded from ten families: Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Acanthaceae, Ceaselpiniaceae, Moraceae, Solanaceae followed by Annonaceae, Convolvulaceae and Liliaceae. These families accounted 43.7% of the total plants and exhibited most acclimatized within local environmental conditions. However, of the total recorded plants revealed as herbs contributed the major proportion (50 %) followed by trees (29%), shrubs (11%), climber (9%), creeper and khumb (<1% each). It was observed that most utilized plant parts were leaves recorded from 55 plant species to cure different ailments followed by other components viz: whole plant (43), bark and seed (34 species each), root and fruits (32 each), flower (18) and other remaining were stem shoot, bulb, rhizome and tubers, respectively. In general, people living to the adjoining areas of the forests have direct influence to utilize those local plants for different ailments; therefore, they have good practices and vast knowledge of traditional uses. Hence, aim of the present study was to collect information about ethno-medicinal plants which were not clearly documented earlier in the literature as well as to investigate the plant-human interactions to understand the socio-ecological relationships.


White mistletoe (Viscum album L.) is an evergreen hemiparasitic dwarf shrub which is known to cause deterioration of tree health. In anthropogenic landscapes of Kharkiv waxwings are the main agent distributing white mistletoe, so the definition of the relationship between the number of white mistletoe and birds of this species is relevant at this time. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine relationship between the number of the white mistletoe and its frugivoruos birds (the Waxwings) in urban landscapes. The authors carried the field survey in the city of Kharkiv (Ukraine). In this study we applied the results of dendrochronological analysis of radial increment of the Silver Mapple (Acer saccharinum L.) model trees. The changes in number of mistletoe shrubs over time and their distribution by age in retrospect were identified on the base of field data and by the application of matrix model of Viscum album population dynamic. The analysis of time series was conducted in order to determine relationships between radial growth of trees and the abundance of the Mistletoe's avian dispersers. In this study we applied parametric methods of analysis (Pearson coefficient of correlation). In the case of the city of Kharkiv, the white mistletoe number depends on the waxwing's seasonal abundance. We have got the following results. Firstly, white mistletoe sub-populations with semi-quantitative indexes "3" and "4" appeared on the host trees no later than in 1988, with semi-quantitative index "5" – no later than 1973, and with semi-quantitative indexes "6" – no than in 1954. Secondly, the autocorrelation analysis of the mistletoe and the waxwing time series proved the reliability of data. It is found that the white mistletoe number weakly relates to the abundance of the waxwing. To conclude, white mistletoe number depends on the waxwing's seasonal abundance. Further research should be directed to the developing of environmentally sound recommendations on the white mistletoe population management in urban ecosystems.


To survey the procedures of corn silage prepared with FP4 bacteria and its effect on the beef finishing,20 heads of 18~24 month age Simmental crossbred bulls were randomly divided into two groups and fed with corn silage prepared with FP4 bacteria and ammoniated wheat straw.Results showed that daily gain of the group fed with corn silage prepared with FP4 bacteria was 1170 g,which was higher than of the group fed with ammoniated wheat straw for 23.7%.average income of the group fed with corn silage prepared with FP4 bacteria was $ 1051,which was higher than of the group fed with ammoniated wheat straw for 44.3 %.It implied that it is possible to improve the income of beef cattle production by feeding with corn silage prepared with FP4 bacteria.


We present our recent experimental results of the mutual radiation impedance of piezoelectric cylindrical shell transducers in arrays using the Z‐ and V‐methods previously reported by the authors [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 2407 (2002)]. The mutual radiation impedance in an array of two coaxially aligned cylindrical transducers was determined as a function of separation distance. The results obtained by both methods are in good agreement with the calculations based on the analytical equations for a similar array developed by D. H. Robey [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 27, 706–710 (1955)]. The mutual radiation impedances in other array geometries including planar and curved arrays of cylindrical shell transducers, in which there is no known analytical solution, were also measured by the same methods in our underwater test facility. [Work supported in part by ONR 321 SS.]


Concentrating solar power had a difficult market start compared to other renewable technologies, leading to a total global capacity of only 5 GW today after more than a decade of deployment. A comprehensive global empirical study identifies distinct deployment phases, with high learning rates exceeding 25% over the past 5 years.


Fears are among the most common and the most treatable of all anxiety disorders. This article explores the fears and phobias of childhood from a behavioural perspective. Current research reveals that, fears and phobias are separate but interrelated concepts and experiences. Many childhood fears are mild, age‐specific and transitory. Others are more extensive and persist beyond normal developmental periods. School phobia is a complex phenomenon which children evince for a number of reasons, including separation anxiety, fear of the school environment, and situation and other school‐related worries, Unlike most childhood phobias which are overcome with or without professional help, severe school refusal is difficult to manage. Despite vast literature on the efficacy of behavior modification, reports of success in the South African context are rare, where the emphasis still appears to be on medico‐physiological "treatments".


The research on the species composition of insect-phyllophages and the intensity of their damage to foliage of the dominant tree species in squares and parks of Tomsk is conducted. The predominant part of insect species is represented by single samples, about 5% are foliage mass pests that occur everywhere and provide high quantity.


In the current stage of human evolution, it is necessary and important to receive information about risks and threats which concern the national security in times of peace, as well as in times of different crises and conflicts. The paper makes a link between the space research and national security. Special attention is paid to the optical methods and means for discovery and research of processes, phenomena and objects in the atmos-phere, as well as on the earth surface.


Human papilloma virus (HPV)-related squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is biologically unique and has a better prognosis than conventional SCC of the head and neck. p16 immunohistochemistry emerged as a valuable surrogate marker for HPV in oropharyngeal SCC. The criteria for a positive p16 result in tissue specimens are well established. However, there is no consensus regarding interpreting p16 staining in cell blocks and other cytology specimens. This review discusses the current evidence on p16 testing in cytology specimens and also highlights other methods for HPV testing, including DNA and RNA in situ hybridization, as well as other molecular HPV tests.


In The Left Hand of Darkness Ursula K. L e G u i n described a species i n w h i c h the same persons functioned as both male and female. 1 Most of the time they were neither, but for a brief period i n a regular twenty-eight day cycle, L e G u i n ' s " s c i f i " Gethenians became, through casual sexual foreplay and chance, one sex or the other, carrying out their love-making i n heterosexual pairs or groups. After two or three days of intense concentrated erotic activity, they returned to an asexual state—inactive, unconcerned and undifferentiated. N o one was pre-programmed, destined by nature to become male or female i n that a l l adult Gethenians had been both. T h e chi ldren produced by their unions reckoned descent through mothers w h o had been, and w o u l d be, fathers of other children.


A new algorithm for recovering depth to a Lambertian L1 smooth object given its gray-level image under uniform illumination from the viewing direction is presented. To recover depth, an almost arbitrarily initialized surface is numerically propagated on a rectangular grid, so that a level set of this surface tracks the height contours of the depth function. The image shading controls the propagation of the surface. When the light direction is tilted with respect to the viewing direction the problem is solved by tracking the projection of equal-height contours defined with respect to the light source direction. This projection approach provides a solution that overcomes ambiguity problems encountered in previous work, while the level set approach of implementing the contour propagation overcomes numerical problems and some of the topology problems of the evolving contours.


Vibration power generation is one of the energy harvesting technologies. Vibration power generation has the two problems of low output power and changing vibration frequency. Therefore, this study proposes a resonance system that utilizes both mechanical and electrical resonance to improve output power and widen the frequency band.


It is shown that the solution to the problem of the fractional uptake mIII(a1, a2, a3), at time t, by a rectangular parallelepiped of dimensions 2a1×2a2×2a3 from a well‐stirred fluid is given by 1−mIII(a1, a2, a3)=[1−mI(a1)][1−mI(a2)][1−mI(a3)], where mI(ai) is the well‐known solution for the fractional uptake by an infinite plane sheet of thickness 2ai, viz. 1−mI(ai)= ∑ n[2α(1+α)/(1+α+α2qn2)] exp(−Dqn2t/ai2). Here α is the ratio of number of moles in the fluid phase to the number of moles in the solid phase, D is the diffusion coefficient, λ and the qn are the nonzero roots of tan qn=−αqn.


Abstract Interferometric measurements of the linear thermal expansion coefficients αc and αa in the c and a axial directions of well-orientated hexagonal pyrolytic boron nitride are reported for temperatures between approximately 80 and 780 K. The primary data for the direction parallel to the c-crystallographic axis yield smoothed results which are believed to be accurate in an absolute sense to within 3% at 780 K, falling to 5% at 80 K. The corresponding figures for the direction perpendicular to the c-crystallographic axis are 9% at 780 K, passing smoothly through 3% at 230 K to 6% at 80 K. In association with earlier specific heat capacity results and provisional values for the elastic constants c 13 and c 33, a Gruneisen parameter corresponding to the direction parallel to the c-crystallographic axis has been calculated as a function of temperature. This parameter has been applied to the determination of the temperature dependence of averaged reduced vibrational frequencies associated with this axial...


The study describes the synthesis and hypotensive effects of stable platelet activation factor (PAF) precursor 1-hexadecyl-2-m ethylcarbamoyl-phosphatidic acid (HMCP) оn outbred Wistar rats with 1-kidney 1-clip (1K1C) renovascular hypertension. Intravenous injection of 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg HMCP resulted in a sharp decline of up to 50% of MAP with subsequent restoration to initial level. In some hypertensive 1K1C rats HMCP has a prolonged effect with blood pressure stabilized at 75% of initial level after 30 min post injection. HMCP was toxic at higher doses with a LD50 around 3 mg/kg.


The following new synonymies are proposed (valid names in parentheses): Parechthrodryinus Girault (Tyndarichus Howard); Tropidophryne Compere, Neoplatycerus Subba Rao, Avernes Noyes and Woolley, Assamencyrtus Singh (Zaplatycerus Timberlake); Anagyrus clavatus Sushil and Khan (A. sabas Noyes and Hayat); Anagyrus hayati Sushil and Khan, A. mohani Sushil and Khan (A. kamali Moursi); Caenohomalopoda longiscapus Gupta and Poorani (Homalopoda cristata Howard); Encyrtus jaipurensis Khan and Agnihotri (E. albidus Hayat); Eotopus orientalis Sushil and Khan (Paraclausenia herbicola Hayat); Ooencyrtus farooquii Sushil and Khan (O. lucina Huang and Noyes); O. pantnagarensis Sushil and Khan (O. utetheisae (Risbec)); Protyndarichoides punctatifrons Sushil and Khan (Lamennaisia indica (Agarwal)); and Thomsonisca mangiferae Sushil and Khan (T. indica Hayat). The generic synonymies resulted in the proposal of the following 18 new combinations: Tyndarichus coccidiphagus (Mercet) from Protyndarichus; T. combretae (Risbec) from Paralitomastix; T. convexus (Girault) from Parechthrodryinus; T. excelsus (Hayat) from Parechthrodryinus; T. keralensis (Hayat) from Parechthrodryinus; T. orarius (Annecke and Mynhardt) from Protyndarichus; T. paralourgos (Springate and Noyes) from Parechthrodryinus; T. prolatus (Prinsloo and Annecke) from Protyndarichus; T. sparnus (Annecke and Mynhardt) from Protyndarichus; Zaplatycerus africanus (Compere) from Tropidophryne; Z. comperei (Prinsloo and Annecke) from Tropidophryne; Z. gela (Noyes and Woolley) from Avernes; Z. jorhatensis (Singh) from Assamencyrtus; Z. kemticus (Trjapitzin and Triapitsyn) from Neoplatycerus; Z. melvellei (Compere) from Tropidophryne; Z. natalensis (Compere) from Tropidophryne; Z. palestinensis (Rivnay) from Tropidophryne; and Z. tachikawai (Subba Rao) from Neoplatycerus. As the presumed holotypes of Ooencyrtus phymatidivorus Sushil and Khan and Psyllaephagus solanensis Sushil and Khan were incomplete specimens, their validity or otherwise could not be determined. Also brief notes are given on the identity of Cowperia indica (Kerrich) and that of the specimen recorded under this name by Hayat et al. (1975).


The article compares peculiarities of poetics of the olonkho novel "The Land of the Udagans" by the Yakut writer Ariadna Borisova and the legendary novel by the South Korean writer Lee Hyun Soo "New Tales of Gisaeng". The study of traditions of the national world image based on the materials from different ethnic cultures from the gender perspective revealed the artistic individuality of authors representing the world of the Arctic and Southeast Asia. The comparison of the works by Yakut and Korean writers revealed the life-giving role of women in society and its crisis. The heroines represent a typological model of female fate in different images. Women are carriers of the traditional cultural and moral values based on the family value. The text-forming role of artistic details is significant. It makes the text real, reducing the distance between the author and the reader. Describing the real world of the heroines, their way of life, the space of their houses, the writers strive to outline the female everyday worldview and the national picture of the world


We present a framework for audio background modeling of complex and unstructured audio environments. The determination of background audio is important for understanding and predicting the ambient context surrounding an agent, both human and machine. Our method extends the online adaptive Gaussian Mixture model technique to model variations in the background audio. We propose a method for learning the initial background model using a semi-supervised learning approach. This information is then integrated into the online background determination process, providing us with a more complete background model. We show that we can utilize both labeled and unlabeled data to improve audio classification performance. By incorporating prediction models in the determination process, we can improve the background detection performance even further. Experimental results on real data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.


The article touches upon some theoretical aspects of government regulation of the economy and substantiates the necessity of applying institutional theory for a more thorough analysis of the regulatory impact both on the global and regional levels. High priority is given to regulatory issues and government failures due to the global financial crisis and its consequences resulting in the slowdown of economic growth in the majority of countries. Some arguments regarding shortfalls and limitations of neoclassical theory in explaining various correlations in the modern economy are presented. The perspectives of institutional approach to regulation ensuring development and growth of the socio-economic system are outlined. Moreover, some controversial issues in the context of terminology are discussed. In the conclusion the author's vision on the integrating institutional approach to the analysis of the regulatory process is presented.


Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) systems are widely used in the protection of logistics facilities. This article presents two major CCTV solutions mainly due to the kind used camera system: analog or digital cameras. Discussed the possibility of recorders used in these two CCTV solutions. A common feature of modern, multi-channel recorders are concurrent processes real-time viewing, recording, playback, archiving and remote access. The ability to simultaneously display information recorded on two channels, with different resolution also allows for optimal use of bandwidth transmission channels used for archiving on computer media and Internet information transfer by WAN. The article analyzed the practices used in CCTV to minimize restrictions in full duplex arising from current dynamic IP addresses of dominance on the Internet.


Forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD) are two emerging membrane technologies, and both have advantages of low membrane fouling, ability to use for highly saline desalination, and feasibility to integrate with a low-grade heat source like solar collector. Because polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it is an essential material used for membrane fabrication and enhancement of membrane properties. Low-molecular-weight PEG sometimes is used as pore constrictor and pore former for developing MD membranes and support layer of FO membranes. Due to the affinity of PEG chains to water molecules, PEG, its derivatives, and copolymers have been widely used in the fabrication/ modification of FO and MD membranes, which are currently applied to biosepara-tion, wastewater treatment, and desalination in academia and industry at the pilot scale. This chapter covers direct PEG and its membrane separation applications in wastewater treatment and desalination. The advancement of PEG in membrane science and engineering is reviewed and discussed comprehensively. We focus on the effectiveness of PEG on membrane antifouling and the stability of PEG-modified membranes when applied to wastewater treatment and desalination.


Recently many companies have increased their investment in IT because they are increasingly interested in taking advantage of IT and they recognized that it was a very important strategic resource that any organization should manage. That means that the members of a company or an organization realized the importance of IT specialists` coordinating and working in partnership with the business employees to ascertain the high quality and productivity through IT services. While the company looks at IT cost reduction, there is a pressure from users for more support and service from IT departments. That means IT service providers have to offer improved service quality at reasonable cost. To solve the contradictory problem, this paper proposes the application of IT service management. If the IT service management is implemented properly, an organization can attain the tangible and intangible results which are profitable and effective. In Korea, studies on IT service management have focused only on getting a certification and development issues, and there are few papers which accomplished empirical studies. From the viewpoint of Resource-based theory, this study reviews the definition of IT service management and its elements. It has demonstrated empirically how IT service management can have an impact on IT service management performance. As a result, IT service management plays a role in adding and improving the practical use and efficiency of IT service management. In conclusion, this study contributes to support and show the critical point of the previous literatures about IT service management and offers the new practical implications for business sectors.


Upper extremity deformity after brain injury is frequently complex and dominated by spasticity or contracture. Clinical examination of the limb is often difficult and inaccurate. Dynamic electromyography provides valuable information previously unobtainable. Analysis of this data can facilitate appropriate reconstruction of the deformed limb.


The nucleation stage of secondary recrystallization has never been considered in detail. During the present study, nucleation of abnormal grain growth in ULC steel was studied. A specific nucleation mechanism was identified. This mechanism involved the disappearance of low angle grain boundaries, which gave rise to the onset of a local grain coalescence mechanism that clusters grains that were only separated by low angle grain boundaries. The impact of the nucleation stage remained visible in the texture that was obtained after complete abnormal grain growth.


Using in situ high-pressure Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, the polymerization and structure evaluation of C60 were studied up to 16 GPa at room temperature. The use of an 830 nm laser successfully eliminated the photo-polymerization of C60, which has interfered with the pressure effect in previous studies when a laser with a shorter wavelength was used as excitation. It was found that face-centered cubic (fcc) structured C60 transformed into simple cubic (sc) C60 due to the hint of free rotation for the C60 at 0.3 GPa. The pressure-induced dimerization of C60 was found to occur at about 3.2 GPa at room temperature. Our results suggest the benefit and importance of the choice of the infrared laser as the excitation laser.


Each year thousands of pedestrians and bicyclists are killed or injured in road traffic accidents around the world. Highway crashes involving pedestrians include a high percentage of hit and run accidents where accused vehicles are trucks and victims are pedestrians and bicyclists. This along with the high exposure of vulnerable road users (VRU) on high speed freight corridors requires an in-depth analysis of impact of trucks with VRUs. While a variety of such analysis can be performed, in this study, focus has been given to carry out analysis of vulnerable road users (VRU) with trucks using simulation software MADYMO. External frontal frames of trucks composed of energy absorbing materials are used in this study as a means of impact injury reduction of VRUs in the event of side and/or rear collision at speeds between 15 and 60 km/h. The direct contact of the VRUs with hard metal surface is prevented by using these energy absorbing materials attached externally to the truck front. The spatial configuration of energy absorbing materials has been determined without negatively influencing either headlights or the direct sight and the air circulation of the engine parts. Injury criteria results obtained for all body segments reduced significantly for both pedestrians and bicyclists when the truck is attached with energy absorbing frontal system.


Transcultural Nursing Theory and ModelsTranscultural Health CareStudyguide for Transcultural Health Care: a Culturally Competent Approach by Larry D. Purnell, ISBN 9780803637054Building ConfianzaTranscultural Concepts in Nursing CareThe Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare ServicesLeininger's Culture Care Diversity and UniversalityHandbook for Culturally Competent CareE-Book Transcultural Health and Social CareCulturally Competent CompassionTranscultural Health CareCultural Fault Lines in HealthcareTeaching Cultural Competence in Nursing and Health Care, Second EditionDiversity and Cultural Competence in Health CareCultural Diversity in Health & IllnessTranscultural Health CareOutlines and Highlights for Transcultural Health CareNational Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health CareCultural Competence in Health CareTranscultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health CareTranscultural Concepts in Nursing CareTranscultural Communication in Health CareChronic IllnessCultural Diversity, Mental Health and PsychiatryCram 101 Textbook Outlines to Accompany Transcultural Health CareCultural ConsultationTextbook for Transcultural Health Care: A Population ApproachPocket Guide to Culturally Sensitive Health CareTranscultural Health CareLet's Learn Together, Let's Work TogetherGuide to Culturally Competent Health CareReflections from Common GroundCultural Issues in Health and Health CareGlobal Applications of Culturally Competent Health Care: Guidelines for PracticeTranscultural CareTranscultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health CareTeaching Cultural Competence in Nursing and Health Care, Third EditionCultural Awareness in Nursing and Health Care, Second EditionTranscultural Concepts in Nursing CareA Biblically Based Model of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services