Introduction: Intrauterine protein restriction in rats is associated with low bone mass which persists with development through to adulthood. However, such adverse effects are not only restricted to bone. Intervertebral discs are the largest avascular structures in the body, and are particularly sensitive to their nutritional environment. We have examined the hypothesis that changes in the intervertebral disc (or ligaments), as a result of early nutritional compromise, affect the spine's mechanical properties. Material and methods: Lumbar spines were removed from 8 sheep (6 male, 2 female: mean age 2.7 yrs) that had received different diets early in their development: two animals received a control diet, three received low protein in utero (IU), and three received low protein both in utero and postnatally (PN). Fifteen motion segments (consisting of two vertebrae and the intervening disc and ligaments) were dissected from the spines and tested on a hydraulically-controlled materials testing machine. Compressive stiffness and bending stiffness were measured before and after creep loading, in both flexion and extension. Reflective markers attached to the specimens were tracked during loading, enabling intervertebral angles to be calculated. Bending moment-angular rotation curves were used to calculate bending stiffness. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for differences in stiffness with posture and creep, and between the dietary groups. Results: Compressive stiffness increased after creep loading (p=0.002) but was unaffected by posture or dietary group. In contrast, bending stiffness was unaffected by creep but differed significantly between groups and with posture. When compared to controls, bending stiffness in the IU group was reduced by 35% in flexion and 26% in extension (p Discussion: These results indicate that early protein restriction can affect the mechanical properties of the spine. These effects were evident in bending but not in compression, and tended to be greater in flexion than extension. These preliminary findings suggest that early protein restriction may affect the composition and mechanical function of the annulus fibrosus and the intervertebral ligaments which are the structures most involved in resisting flexion movements.


This paper proposes a material science-based study to the ceramic assemblage from the Palacio III (Sevilla, Spain) Copper Age tholos tomb, which is part of a larger prehistoric funerary complex that also includes a passage grave and a cremation cairn. This study examines the existence of relationships between the chemical composition of the vessels, their morphology and stratigraphic context, looking at the use of ceramics as votive offerings and their change over time.


The article analyses the specific property of power angle, reactive power, the p ower factor adjust-ed, the synchronous motor starting method and problems when s tarting.


As the UK population ages and older people retain their natural teeth for longer, the complexity of the oral health needs in older people is becoming more challenging. Older patients are often registered with a GP and will increasingly be likely to require dental care. Older people in particular may benefit from dental care but may not have a dentist or perceive any risk of oral disease. This article therefore provides practical insight into the oral health management of older people to assist in addressing their oral health needs.


Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) supplementation has been reported to suppress the incidence of cancer in diabetic animal models. However, the effects and the mechanism of BCAA on insulin-induced proliferation of a panel of colorectal, breast, pancreatic cancer cell lines remains unclear. In this study, colon (HT29, HCT116, SW620, CACO2 and SW480), breast (MCF7 and t47d) and pancreas (Panc1) tumor cells were treated with varying concentrations of BCAAs with or without insulin. Selective cytoxicity was examined in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Using Nitric Oxide (NO) Griess and SRB assay followed by analyzing the gene expression of tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα), interleukin 1 beta (IL1β), β catenin, cyclin D1 and Bax by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The result show that BCAAs supplementation could inhibit the releasing of NO from RAW264.7 cell line and the proliferation of HCT116, SW620, CACO2, SW480, MCF7 and t47d and Panc1 cells lines but not HT29. qRT-PCR demonstrated that BCAAs suppressed expression of IL1β and TNFα, and so was reduced the insulin induced expression levels of β catenin and cyclin D1, and up regulate the Bax in HCT116, MCF7 and Panc1 cancer cells, possibly by inactivation of PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK and NF-kB signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that BCAA may have potential therapeutic benefits for cancer in chronic hyperinsulinemic conditions.


We have submitted a system to MIREX 2007's audio music similarity and classification tasks. It employs spectral features based on [1] and temporal features similar to those described in [3]. For the similarity task, it calculates the distance between songs as the Euclidean distance between their feature vectors. For the audio classification tasks (artist, classical composer, genre, and mood identification) it uses a DAG-SVM [2] to perform n-way classification. Our system performed especially well in the audio artist and classical composer identification tasks using only the spectral features, but also performed well on the other tasks using the combined spectral and temporal features.


The Role Construct Repertory Technique, the Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and Shipley-Institute of Living Scale of Intelligence were administered to 20 newly admitted neuropsychiatric patients in a regional Veterans Hospital in the Midwest. In view of the absence of observed relationships between the Bannister-Fransella Grid and personality and intelligence, and the presence of relationships between the Role Construct Repertory Technique and other personality measures, the purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among three scores of construct structure and measures of personality, psychopathology, and intelligence. Moderate correlations were found with each of the three measures, indicating that, rather than "clinically unique," the Role Construct Repertory Technique provides a wealth of clinical information also discernible by other measures.


The older artist often reaches back into his youth to the old people he knew then. The field of folklore has been built from the memories of older people. Folklorists have long collaborated with the "grand generation" to fix in writing-and more recently on tape and film-traditions that otherwise would have been forgotten with the passing of their bearers. For centuries, classic collections of ballads and folktales, proverbs and riddles, and games and customs have been harvested from individuals who have lived long and remembered much. Even when younger performers were the actual source of the information, famous collectors often assumed that a venerable narrator would make the tales seem more authentic. The Brothers Grimm created the illusion that their star storyteller was an older peasant woman, when in fact the Grimms had collected most of the stories from their own middle-class, literate friends, and family (Ellis, 1983). As folklorists shifted their attention from cultural relics of the past to the process of creating tradition, they came to realize that older people are more than custodians of heritage. They are active in the present and experts on what the later period in the life cycle is all about. To focus on elders in the present is to discover their creative cultural responses to advancing years, with all of the challenges age brings, and to rethink our basic assumptions about the nature of memory, tradition, and old age. What are some of those assumptions? The author Bess Lomax Hawes (1984) asked a number of older people. Reflecting on the infirmities that come with aging, Eliza Dargan of Darlington, South Carolina, said, as she reached her 70s, "If this is old age, I don't want any part of it." Though we would all like to live a long time, no one looks forward to the physical decline and social stigma of growing old. It is ironic that the one thing often admired about elders is their "youthfulness." As Moishe Sacks, a Bronx baker in his 70s, mused, "The business of the old is to be young." Although vigor is certainly to be admired, folklorists have long appreciated what older adults have to offer-not in spite of, but because of, their age. As Hawes wrote, "So much of the gerontological literature . . . basically treats the elderly as a problem. . . . In folk arts, the elderly are, generally speaking, thought of as the solution. . . ." (p.3i). Similarly, many people tend to assume that elders, having accumulated so much experience and wisdom over many years, are more connected to the past than the present. To the contrary, Rosina Tucker, a 104-year-old civil rights activist who appears in The Grand Generation (Wagner, Zeitlin, and Hunt, 1990), a 16 mm film, is fond of telling about the time a young man asked her what the world was like in her day, to which she replied: "My day? This is my day!" Older people are thus poised precariously between the stigma of infirmity and the romanticized image of wisdom, serenity, and eternal youth. Older people also suffer from conflicting views on reminiscence. Is the inner experience of renewing one's life in old age an aspect of the pathology of advanced years or a therapeutic and culturally important part of aging? New directions in social gerontology, and particularly the pioneering work of Robert Butler (1986), now place as much emphasis on the constructive and adaptive dimensions of reminiscence as on the pathological aspect so often emphasized in the psychological literature. Building on this work, folklorists stress not only the value of reminiscence, hut also the variety of forms that it can take, from vivid stories to memory paintings (Kaminsky, 1984). Culture is age-related in a number of ways. Like ethnicity, gender, geography, religion, and social class, age is one of the variables that helps define culture tor an individual in any given time and place. We progress through the life cycle individually, but we are bound into communities by sharing in the life cycles of others. …


In this study laboratory BRDF measurements of leaf samples are presented in an effort to understand the role of spatial and spectral variability of the natural biome. The samples measured in the laboratory included fresh and dry leaves from a poplar tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) and an acacia tree (Acacia greggii). Three different size samples were created: whole leaves, samples between 4 and 4.75 mm, and samples between 1.7 and 2 mm. The BRDF was measured at incident angles of 0deg and 67deg and at wavelengths of 340 nm, 470 nm and 870 nm. It is shown how the BRDF depends on the incident and scatter angles. The shapes of the BRDF curves strongly depend on the nature of the sample (i.e. crushed versus whole leaf). These laboratory results were compared with airborne measurements of BRDF from NASA's Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) instrument.


The New Jersey low-contact stress (LCS) knee system has a mobile bearing element allowing nearly normal joint articulation. It provides low constraint forces with low contact stresses thus lower incidence of loosening and wearing of the implant. 122 knee arthroplasties in 105 patients using this system were followed for 2 to 5 years (average 3.8 years). All patients were evaluated and rated using The Hospital for special surgery scoring system. The average preoperative score was 42 and the postoperative score was 85. Of the 122 knees, 87 (71.3%) were rated excellent; 23 (18.9%), good; 8(6.6%), fair and 4 (3.2%), poor. The good and excellent results account for 90.2%. There was no difference in clinical results between cemented and non-cemented series. Complications included 2 superficial wound infections, 2 deep infections (1.64%, one early and one late), one extrusion of meniscus bearing, one dislocation of rotating platform bearing and one loosening of patella. In this relatively short term follow up series, the results were gratifying. The goal of pain relief and restoration of function of the knee were achieved by using this system.


Cellular structure has been applied in lightweight engineering application because of its high specific strength, high modulus and low relative density. Here we used 3Y-TZP ceramic to realize two typical cellular structures, Kelvin and Octet-truss, through a novel digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing method. The strut size was changed systematically to generate structures with porosities in the range of 10% ∼ 80% and the bending strength of these structures were investigated and analyzed by three-point bending test.


Sewage treatment system is a complicated nonlinear system with multi-variables, chemical reaction, biological process and altered loads, hard to describe mathematically. Thus prediction of the effluent quality of sewage treatment plant through a mathematical model has being a challenge. In this paper we adopts regression support vector machine (SVM) to set up a prediction model of a sewage treatment plant with a popular process cyclic activated sludge system (CASS). Kernel function of the prediction model is radial basic function, and parameters of the kernel function are optimally determined by cross-validation. Then the prediction model is used to predict effluent quality of the sewage treatment plant with CASS process. Test result of the case study shows that the prediction model works well and the regression SVM is powerful in predicting effluent quality of CASS process sewage treatment plant with small sample learning ability and good generalization.


Euphemism, which is a cultural phenomenon and an important rhetorical device, is widely used in the English teaching. This paper tries to explore the usage of euphemism in English teaching by applying some pragmatism theories in order to improve the effect of English teaching.


A method for the rapid analysis of crude oil samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-coupling (GC/MS) is presented, important with respect to a cyclic mode of operation. The time period for analyzing the components of interest, especially aromatic compounds, within the oil samples can be substantially reduced by means of a temperature-programmed evaporation of the oil samples within the injector chamber, combined with a splitless/split-injection. The results of the GC/MS-analysis of a light crude oil are presented


Totally 170 patients with positive (n = 29) and with negative Hemoccult-test (n = 141) were examined by coloscopy. There were 29.0% false-negative Hemoccult-test results (carcinomas 5.6%, polyps 23.4%). Almost all patients with a endoscopically diagnosed carcinoma or polyp of the large bowel had clinical signs. It is concluded, that the Hemoccult-test is indicated only in patients, who do not show clinical symptoms, and that a negative Hemoccult-test result does not exclude a tumor of the large bowel.


A processing device capable of being maintained easily and reducing a burden on a worker and a method of maintaining the processing device; the processing device, comprising an upper electrode unit (106) forming the ceiling part of a processing chamber (102) of an etching device (100) having a lower assembly (128) on the processing chamber (102) side including upper electrodes (130) and an upper assembly (126) on a power supply side including an electro-body (144); the method of maintaining the processing device, comprising the steps of releasing a lock mechanism (156), solely raising the upper assembly (126) by a lift mechanism (164) for removal, and performing the maintenance of the upper assembly (126) and/or the lower assembly (128), and then locking the lock mechanism (156), raising the upper and lower assemblies (126, 128) integrally with each other by the lift mechanism (164) for removal, and performing the maintenance of the internal parts in the processing chamber (102).


The Texas Legislature approved increased public school spending while at the same time limiting property tax increases. Because new revenue to fund this increase over the longer term was not identified, the latest fix may not fully provide a long-term solution to meeting local districts? needs.


Since the late nineteenth century, and especially in the first decades of the twentieth century, the film industry generated a relevant and meaningful cultural heritage. Recently, even if it hasn't been sufficiently investigated yet, it has been studied by researchers of different disciplines. Concerning in particular the architectural point of view, many buildings had been built relating both to the production of films, and their projection. These artifacts are mostly characterized by the presence of articulated structures making it possible to meet the specific functional needs, dictated by the activities to which they were intended. Iron and glass, used since the mid-nineteenth century for the construction of buildings designed for different functions, such as greenhouses, exhibition halls, galleries and urban passages, can be usefully used in the construction of the studios, where the use of metal and glass allows to ensure not only greater adaptability of buildings to the requirements related to the preparation of the film sets, but also adequate lighting environments necessary to the filming activities. The examination of the state of preservation of this heritage, for a long time neglected and/or forgotten and, in many cases, also demolished, has highlighted the need to promote an adequate safeguard in order to avoid the final disappearance of an important material evidence of contemporary history. Convinced of the need to protect this heritage, the study intends to focus on its conservation problems, providing a contribution to the knowledge of these architectures, their architectural/constructive characteristics, as well as their current state of preservation. Through the study of archival documents and the direct examination of some still existing artifacts we intend to promote knowledge, preservation and enhancement of this interesting, but "fragile", heritage.


It introduces the status quo,as well as the existing problems,of China's import aviation kerosene.Spotting on the contrast between the aviation kerosene standard set out by Ministry of Defense,UK and the Chinese national standard,the different aviation kerosene standards applied both home and abroad are studied and analysed.Gas chromatography and UV spectra were utilized to examine the contaminated degree of aviation kerosene.


As the main method of producing electricity in our country,thermal power generation costs a lot of coals.In recent years,coal resources are facing the serious contradictions between the supply and demand,the thermal power plant continuous loss,therefore energy saving and consumption reducing become an important means to reduce the deficit of the thermal power plant.Exit -smoke's temperature of boiler inkling to high side is the common problem in thermal power units.Effective use of waste heat of boiler's smoke can improve the overall benefits of the thermal power plant and achieve the purpose of economy,saving energy and reducing consumption.a heat exchanger which is used to utilize the waste heat of tail gas is designed and installed after the air preheater.This method can effectively use the waste heat of boiler's smoke.It is an important way to improve the overall benefits of the thermal power plant.


The presences of globalization have an impact on the development of information and communication technologies that are sophisticated and innovative. One of the developments of information and communication technology that is currently emerging is known "gadget". Gadget users nowdays is no longer limited by social status or age, even kids are now having and playing their own devices. In this case, parents have an important role to control their children when they are using gadgets. The surveillance of parents is needed to communicate interpersonal with their children effectively in order to influence their minds, attitudes and behaviors. Based on these descriptions, the researcher is interested to make a research that aims to determine how the interpersonal communication of parents and children about using gadgets in terms of the five qualities, openness, empathy, supportiveness, positiveness and equality. This research used descriptive quantitative method which the researcher distributed questioners to collect data and used disproporsional stratified technique sampling. Therefore there are 70 respondent (children's parents from level 5 SDN Banjarsari, Bandung). Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the interpersonal communication of parents and children about using gadgets in terms of quality of openness, empathy, being supportive, positive attitude and equality are included in the high category.


In this paper, we introduce a system that uses a bionic approach to process the information obtained from a large number of diverse sensors. By means of the process of symbolization, the amount of information to be processed is drastically reduced, and used to create an inner representation of the real world. Three different applications involving human actions in a building are introduced and briefly discussed. It is argued that by making use of microsymbols, the proposed approach leads to greater flexibility, able to adapt to changing sensor inputs in an intelligent way.


ration and expiration are apparent during any x-ray examination of the thorax. They reflect variations in the density of the lungs. In inspiration the density is slight, a maximum quantity of radiation penetrates through the lungs and excellent transparence is obtained. The reverse is true of expiration; the density of the lung is increased, the passage of the x-rays is impeded. The image darkens, and the radiologic density is high. These familiar findings are used to study the ventilation of the different areas of the lung; to localize the sites where the respiration is impaired during inspiration and expiration; or where air is trapped, because of defective expulsion. With Dr.


The topic of Genetically Modified Foods is definitely an interesting one.
This libguide is designed to help you find information and resources so you can learn all there is to know about it. Here you can find links and information useful when creating your citations


case of malignant schwannoma in the cervico-thoracic region with lung metastasis is presented. The patient was 55-year-old man presented with right arm weakness. Magnetic resonance image demonstrated lobulated enhancing soft tissue masses in spinal canal, neural fora men and right paraspinal space at C7-T1 level compressing the dural sac and spinal cord. Subtotal removal was performed and histological diagnosis of malignant schwannoma was made. Reoperation due to recurrence was done but subsequent metastasis to lung was observed.


A cursor displaying method that re-sizes a cursor displayed in a display field while repositioning the cursor in response to a detected user gesture.


In order to know more about the change trend of the quality of Luzhou shallow groundwater, the hydrogeochemical characteristic and its change rules, and the main chemical reaction types, the chemistry characteristics of shallow groundwater in Luzhou area were summarized through the descriptive analysis,statistical analysis and ion proportionality coefficient analysis. With the Piper graphs and the saturation index analysis,the authors revealed the cycle characteristic of the groundwater and that the leaching,evaporation,adsorption,cation exchange are main chemical processes in the study area.


A new quantum voltage calibrated Johnson noise thermometer (JNT) was developed at NIM to demonstrate the electrical approach that determines the Boltzmann constant k by comparing electrical and thermal noise power. A measurement with an integration period of 10 hours and bandwidth of 640 kHz results in relative offset of 0.5×10-6 from the current CODATA value of k, and type A relative standard uncertainty of 23×10-6. The quadratic fitting parameters of the ratio spectrum show a flat response with respect to the measurement bandwidth. This flat response is a dramatic improvement compared to the response produced by the NIST JNT system that dominated the relative combined uncertainty of previous measurements of k.


I argue that a certain type of naturalist should not accept a prominent version of the no‐miracles argument (NMA). First, scientists (usually) do not accept explanations whose explanans‐statements neither generate novel predictions nor unify apparently disparate established claims. Second, scientific realism (as it appears in the NMA) is an explanans that makes no new predictions and fails to unify disparate established claims. Third, many proponents of the NMA explicitly adopt a naturalism that forbids philosophy of science from using any methods not employed by science itself. Therefore, such naturalistic philosophers of science should not accept the version of scientific realism that appears in the NMA.


The macroscopic mollusk,arthropod and chordate in the Ziyan and Lianhua caves of Zhijin County,Guizhou Province were collected in July,2006.A total of 661 samples from Ziyan cave were subordinated to 68 species or groups,32 families,5 classes and 3 phyla,and 265 samples from Lianhua cave belonged to 25 species or groups,18 families,5 classes and 3 phyla.The animals in different light belts of the two caves could be divided into 6 communities,namely,ZY1(in the light belt of Ziyan cave),ZY2(in the dim light belt of Ziyan cave),ZY3(in the dark belt of Ziyan cave),LH1(in the light belt of Lianhua cave),LH2(in the dim light belt of Lianhua cave),and LH3(in the dark belt of Lianhua cave).According to the analysis of community diversity,the communities with the highest values of richness,diversity,maximum diversity,evenness,and dominance were ZY1,ZY1,ZY1,LH1 and ZY1,respectively.Principal component analysis(PCA) showed that the effects of environmental factors on the animal community structure in the caves decreased in the order of soil Ca content temperature humidity N2 O2 water Ca content CO2 pH value soil organic matter content,among which,the effects of humidity and CO2 were negative


The invention discloses a touch feedback method and an electronic device, relates to the field of application of electronic equipment and aims to solve the problem that a touch feedback function is idle. The touch feedback method is applied to the electronic device; the electronic device comprising a touch display unit is capable of running a first operating system. The touch feedback method includes: receiving a user's selecting operation; determining a first command according to the selecting operation; based on the first command, controlling a user interface of the first operating system to be imparted a first attribute. Specifically, the first attribute indicates that when the user touches the user interface, the electronic device generates a first touch feedback. The touch feedback method and the electronic device are mainly applied to the touching process of touch screens.


In the present investigation the chemical composition and degradability textit in situ of maize stubble ( textit Zea mays L.) were evaluated in the cantons of Celica, Pindal and Zapotillo of the province of Loja. The work was divided into two phases: field and laboratory, in the field phase, the collection of samples of the maize stubble and DK7088 from the study area was carried out; In the laboratory phase, the chemi- cal analysis and digestibility textit in situ was carried out, in the Laboratory of Soils, Waters and Bromatology, and in the fifth Punzara experiment belonging to the Na- tional University of Loja. The sample size was made by a random non-probabilistic sampling, where the producers were divided into groups or conglomerates according to the area of highest corn production, collecting a sample of 1000 g of each variety of corn stubble, including stem, leaves and panca. In the chemical composition, the following variables were determined: dry matter (DM), ash (Cz), protein (PB) and crude fiber (FC); in the digestibility textit in situ, the degradability of the dry matter was identified and the metabolizable energy was evaluated based on the dry matter digestibility of the time 48 h. For the study of the variables, an analysis of varian- ce was carried out, where the fixed variables were the origin, the variety and their interaction; Likewise, to obtain the difference between the means of the treatments, the Tukey test was applied with a probability of 5 %, applying the procedures of the linear models Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and Mixed linear model (MIXED). In the chemical composition, there was a significant difference in DM with a p-value of (p = 0.02) for provenance and (p = 0.03) in the interaction, due to the degree of humidity that the sample presented when it was collected. . Regarding the degrada- bility, it was possible to determine that the most degradable stubbles are found in

Celica in the variety DK7088 with 31.20 % and in Pindal in the variety criolla with

31.35 % being its fraction insoluble but potentially degradable (b) more degradable, compared to the other fractions of corn stubble. Regarding the metabolizable energy, the highest values were presented in Celica, in the variety DK7088 with an average of 1.35 Mcal / Kg and in the Creole 1.22 Mcal / Kg. No significant difference was found in each variety, but in terms of provenance if significant difference was found (p = 0.0003), obtaining the values of 1.29 Mcal / kg DM in Celica, 1.04 Mcal / kg DM in Pindal and 0.97 Mcal / kg of MS in Zapotillo.
Key words: corn stover, degradation, In situ, Dry matter.


The present invention relates to the input signal to an output signal of the amplifier, the amplifier comprising negative feedback signal path and a connecting portion. Receiving an input signal comprising a signal path and responsive to the input signal modulating means generates a switching signal is received. Further, the signal path comprising a switched output stage connected to the power supply voltage. Switched output stage comprises a switching device for switching according to a switching signal generated by the modulation means, and generates an output signal amplitude of the output signal depends on the supply voltage. Negative feedback connection unit feedback output signal switching output stage to be combined with the input signal. Signal path and a negative feedback loop is formed having a connecting portion of the loop gain. Characterized in that the amplifier, the amplifier comprising compensating means, wherein the compensation means receives the switched output stage supply voltage or from the supply voltage signal, and the compensating means is adapted to at least partially compensate for variations in the supply voltage generated change of loop gain.


![Fig. 1.][1]

Fig. 1.
Graduate student William Lowell (left) and Jeff Graham conducting an experiment on a leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata , in a swimming tunnel respirometer (one version of the ElasmoTunaTron) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, circa 1980. Photo from Scripps


In HAc-NaAc pH 5.74 buffer medium,aciclovir(ACV) reacts with Evans Blue(EB) to form an ion-association complex,the colour of the solution changes obviously with the maximum fading color wavelength at 638 nm.The fading colour intensity is also proportional to the concentration of aciclovir,a sensitive spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of aciclovir.The concentration of aciclovir in the range of 0~2.01×10-5 mol/L obeys Beer′s law at the maximum fading color wavelength,the apparent molar absorptivity is 1.71×104 L/(mol·cm),and the detection limit is 7.47×10-7 mol/L.The method has high sensitivity and fairly good selectivity.the method is applied to the determination of aciclovir in medicine samples and human serum and human urine with satisfactory results.


The hypothetical construct of cognitive structure encodes human knowledge internally, and two-stage probes are used to define it operationally to obtain external representations of cognitive structure. First, a proximity matrix is constructed that encodes subjects' responses on a task, and secondly, a scaling method is applied to the proximity matrix to yield a representation of cognitive structure in the form of concept categories or spatial configurations. A new multitechnique-multimethod matrix methodology for construct validation of two-step probes is proposed that modifies and extends Campbell and Fiske's multitrait-multimethod matrix. It is based on the assessment of (i) the reliability and validity of products at each step and (ii) certain important psychometric features of the scaling methods and cognitive structure probes. This methodology was applied to assess the construct validity of the cognitive structure in the domain of classical mechanics. The data-gathering techniques of Free Sort and Tree Construction were fairly reliable and valid, whereas the Word Association technique was not. The combined cognitive structure probes have above moderate reliability and validity, except for those employing multidimensional-scaling. In addition to demonstrating the theoretical value of the multitechnique-multimethod matrix methodology, these results provide empirical evidence for the interpretations given to the hypothetical construct of cognitive structure and support the use of current probes for the derivation of cognitive structure representations.


Simple Summary Perilla is an edible oil crop containing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and omega-3. The omega-3 helps in mitigating the risk of cardiovascular disease in humans. For industrial use, perilla seed is extracted for virgin oil, which is generally achieved by mechanical screw pressing. This process generates perilla cake that contains a fat content around 9–10%. In this study, we examined the effect of the supplementation of perilla cake in the pig diet on productive performance, pig carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition in fat tissue, and meat. The pig performance improved in terms of average daily gain after supplementation with perilla cake; however, the pig carcass and meat quality was unchanged. Moreover, the perilla cake supplement increased PUFA fatty acids and reduced the proportion of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in pork. The overall outcome of this study provides an alternative source of novel raw material for functional feed additives in livestock production. Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of perilla cake (PC) supplementation in a growing pig diet on overall growing performance, meat quality, and fatty acid profile. A total of 24 barrow grower crossbred pigs (Large White × Landrace) × Duroc with an initial average body weight of 26.33 kg were fed with a basal diet supplemented with PC at 0%, 5%, and 10% in (PC0, PC5, and PC10, respectively) for 12 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, pigs were slaughtered to determine carcass traits and meat quality. Back fat, abdominal fat, and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were collected to investigate fatty acid composition. The results show that the average daily gain (ADG) in the PC10 significantly increased. However, PC supplementation did not influence carcass traits and meat quality except the color as described by lightness (L*). Dietary PC supplementation significantly increased the α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 cis-9, 12, 15), whereas n6/n3 ratio decreased significantly in all tissues investigated. Thus, it can be concluded that the supplementation of PC in growing pig diet is a potential way to increase the fatty acid composition to that required for healthier meat.


A methodology is proposed for the optimum design of on-chip transmission lines carrying high-speed clocks. Differential metal 9 or stacked metal 8/metal 9 geometries with no ground plane emerge as best choices. Moreover, CMOS and CML signaling schemes are compared for clock distribution. It is shown that CMOS clocks are better suited for frequencies up to 20 GHz and line lengths up to 5 mm.


The Tasmanian salmon industry is seeking
to grow production safely and sustainably in
the next two decades, further increasing the
tangible benefits to the Tasmanian community.
Our aim, through the Tasmanian Global Salmon
Symposium partnership, is to deliver this by
being the most environmentally sustainable
salmon industry in the world – creating an
industry of which all Tasmanians can be proud.


: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a hormonal sickness in ladies all through there reproductive ages ,inflicting enlarged ovaries with small cysts at the outer edges, related to obesity , insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia. Women with PCOS might also additionally have rare or extende menstrual length and extra male hormone levels . this outcome encompass expanded hazard of glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus , systemic infection non-alcoholic fatty liver disease , coagulation and high blood pressure sickness. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a major reason of infertility and not unusualplace gene endocrine sickness affecting 7-15 % of ladies in reproductive age . medical, surgical and behavioral remedy were evaluated for you to enhance the fertility of ladies with PCOS . Life fashion amendment are the important . Clomiphene citrate is the primary line of the scientific remedy in ladies with PCOS in absence of different male or lady reasons of infertility . According to the sector fitness company estimation found out over 116 million ladies (3.4% )are laid low with PCOS international wide. The pathophysiological factor of PCOS especially specializes in hormonal disorder and hyperandrogenism main to impaired folliculogenesis which get up the chance of related comorbidities like endometrial cancer , kind 2 diabetes .the prognosis of PCOS is primarily based totally on 3 standards inclusive of 1-anovulation ; hyperandrogenaemia ; 3-polycystic ovaries on ultrasound scan. Several remedies are to be had for girls with anovulatory infertility associated with PCOS inclusive of weight reduction, gonadotropins , clomiphene citrate , laparscopic ovarian diathermy metformin and letrozole .in over weight/overweight girls with PCOS , weight reduction as a minimum 5-10 percentage must be finished earlier than any scientific treatment .clomiphene is the first -preference for induction of ovulation in PCOS girls .gonadotropin or laparoscopic ovarian diathermy stimulation can be provided after the failure of clomiphene citrate to acquire a pregnancy .laparoscopic ovarian diathermy avoids the headaches of more than one pregnancies.


Vitrinite reflectance is the most commonly used index in the study of source rock evaluation, diagenetic stage division, basin simulation, and diagenesis. Because data on vitrinite reflectance are limited, many prediction models have been proposed to address this problem. However, these models may fail to predict vitrinite reflectance effectively in overpressured basins because overpressure can suppress organic-matter maturation. Overpressure appears to reduce the degree of disorder in the hydrocarbon generation reaction system and to increase the mechanical work against the force of pore fluid that occurs as the volume of the activated complex increases, thereby reducing the preexponential factor and increasing the activation energy of the hydrocarbon generation reaction; therefore, organic-matter maturation is slowed. In this article, the reasons for the abnormally low vitrinite reflectance in the overpressured system were analyzed, which revealed that overpressure is interpreted as significantly suppressing organic-matter maturation. A new prediction model for vitrinite reflectance, A-Ea-Ro, is proposed that accounts for the suppression of overpressure in organic-matter maturation based on data from wells in the Fukang Sag in the Junggar Basin, northwestern China. The overpressure is modeled by introducing a preexponential factor and activation energy in this model. Based on measured drilling and geochemical data and simulated data, the overpressure controlling factors were optimized by a nonlinear constrained programming method and assigned 151.23 MPa and 30.65 kJ·mol−1·MPa−1, respectively. Prediction models including A-Ea-Ro were applied to wells Fu10 and Mu7 of Fukang Sag. The reflectance values predicted by the model A-Ea-Ro, applied to wells Fu10 and Mu7, were in good agreement with the measured values. This model provides a closer match between predicted and observed vitrinite reflectance values for this study area.


Groin injury is a common injury in sports such as soccer. This type of injury is associated with quick change of direction or acceleration, and kicking. Several studies have identified decrease in hip internal (Int) and external (Ext) rotations or decrease in hip adduction (Add) and abduction (Abd) torques ratio as risk factors for groin injury. However, it is still unclear what relationship exists between these variables, specifically performed in upright position which is more functional. PURPOSE: To explore the relation between low hip Add and Abd torque ratio and hip Int and Ext rotations, performed in upright position, in college students. METHODS: Fourteen college students participated in the study, Eight males (21±1 yrs, 81±11 kg. 176±6 cm) and Six females (22±2 yrs, 62±5 kg. 163±6 cm). Data were collected in two different sessions. Hip isokinetic maximal Add and Abd torques were captured using isokinetic dynamometer at two speeds, 30°/s and 60°/s. Participants performed five trials of continuous Add and Abd at each speed and the averages of the highest three peaks and their corresponding angles were calculated. Add and Abd torques ratio were calculated and the data were categorized as high risk (HR), if ratio was <1, or low risk (LR), if ratio was >1. Hip 3D Int and Ext rotations were captured using 3D cameras at 240 Hz. Participants performed three separate trials of maximal Int and Ext rotations using sliding disk and highest lower leg Int and Ext rotations were analyzed. T-tests assuming unequal variance were performed. RESULTS: Mean Add and Abd torque ratios were 0.72±0.13 in HR group and 1.30±0.19 in LR group. Lower peak Add torque was observed in the HR group (48±15 Nm vs. 86±27 Nm, p<0.01). No significant difference was observed in peak Abd torque between the groups (67±19 Nm vs. 66±18 Nm, p>0.05). Hip Ext rotations were lower in the HR group, however not significant (17±7° vs. 20±9°, p=0.07), same was observed for hip Int rotations (13±5° vs. 15±4°, p=0.08). The total hip Int and Ext rotations range of motion was significantly lower in the HR group (30±9° vs. 34±10°, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Decrease in hip Int and Ext range of motion was related to lower hip Add and Abd peak torque ratio. Future research should further investigate the association between these variables in athletes to better predict and prevent groin injuries.


A general (possibly nonminimum phase and/or asymmetric noncausal) two dimensional (2-D) moving average (MA) model driven by a zero-mean i.i.d. 2-D sequence is considered. The input sequence is not observed. The signal observations may be noisy. We consider the problems of model order determination and model parameter estimation using the higher-order (third- or fourth-order, for example) cumulants of the 2-D signal. Second-order statistics of the data can consistently identify only a smaller class of MA models. Consistency of the proposed approaches is established and a simulation example is presented.


We report the mass measurement of the short-lived $^{12}\mathrm{Be}$ nuclide (${T}_{1/2}=21.5$ ms) performed using the Penning trap mass spectrometer TITAN at TRIUMF. Our mass excess value of $25 078.0(2.1)$ keV is in agreement with previous measurements, but is a factor of 7 more precise than the Atomic Mass Evaluation of 2003. To address an unresolved discussion on the spin assignment of isospin $T=2$ states in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{12}\mathrm{O}$, we reevaluate the isobaric mass multiplet equation for the lowest lying $T=2$ multiplet in the $A=12$ system and use the extracted parameters to extrapolate from the known excited ${2}^{+}$ and ${0}^{+}$ states in $^{12}\mathrm{Be}$. Though this analysis favors the second known $T=2$ state in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ to be ${2}^{+}$, ${0}^{+}$ cannot be excluded.


Polymer-supported RCpCpTiCl2(Cp=η^5-C5H4;RCp=η^5-RC5H4)have been prepared and reduced by i-C3H7MgBr in situ,then used in catalytic isomerization of 1,5-hexadiene.The isomerization of 1,5-hexadiene leads to a mixture of cyclic and linear products.The ratio of cyclic to linear product depends on the nature of the supporter and the substituent on the cyclopentadienyl ring.The former contributes the most,for example,silica supported Cp2 TiCl2 gave cyclic-linear ratio of 99/1,while for polymer-supported Cp2TiCl2 species,linear compounds are the major products and the ratio of cyclic to linear product changes with different R groups on the cyclopentadienyl ring.


This study has contributed to the area of FFI research in a number of ways. First, counter to current thinking, this study has come to the conclusion that the value of explicit knowledge is limited. In an attempt to demonstrate the presence of an interface between explicit and implicit knowledge, no evidence of such an interface has been provided. In the experiment that was conducted, one group of students received explicit instruction in two grammar structures while another group received implicit instruction. In addition, a no-treatment control group was included. Having explicit knowledge of the target structures has not proved to be an advantage to L2 learners in that no differences in implicit knowledge were observed between the implicit and explicit treatment groups. Because the strong interface position supposes unconditional conversion of explicit knowledge into implicit knowledge, it is falsified by these outcomes. Indirect effects of explicit knowledge upon implicit knowledge cannot be ruled out; in fact, this study has found that explicit instruction effectively promoted implicit knowledge of the simple morphological target structure, if the L2 had a similar structure. The parallelism between the first and second language either simplifies the explicit knowledge to such an extent that monitoring becomes a possibility, or it allows for successful transfer to occur. No further interactions between instruction and grammatical progress were observed. This study also gives rise to reconsider earlier FFI findings. In part, this study was motivated by a bias in FFI research towards the use of decontextualized knowledge tests at the expense of tests assessing the ability to use grammatical knowledge in natural settings. The outcomes clearly suggest that measures assessing grammatical knowledge in isolated contexts cannot readily be taken as representative of the learner's implicit grammatical knowledge. FFI findings need to be reconsidered according to how progress was measured. Given that the use of measures of natural language have been rare, replication studies will be welcome. For example, as this study has shown, but also pointed out by the DeKeyser (2003), there are surprisingly few studies that actually compared explicit and implicit types of instruction. Most FFI studies have laboured under the assumption that explicit types of FFI are necessary, and have moved on to investigate the effects of different kinds of instruction in interaction with numerous other variables. Such studies, too, need to be considered in the light of the kind of measures used. Unusual to FFI studies, even to those that have used measures of spontaneous language use, was the qualitatively oriented exploration of the free written response data. This analysis has proved to be quite rewarding, though. Perhaps the most important outcome was the clear differentiation in the ability to correctly use conditional and causal subordinate clauses. The finding suggests that language learners do not see the parallelism between the two manifestations of the structure, and they seem to learn each manifestation independently. On the basis of these findings, and in as far as possible, the analyses for subordination have been conducted separately for each type. These findings have also provided suggestions as to how to define structure complexity. Complexity might be directly related to the number of different manifestations a structure can appear in. Although it is not entirely clear what would constitute a single manifestation, it seems fair to conclude that syntactic structures generally have more than morphological structures. Thus, this explanation would explain why instruction has primarily been found to be effective with morphological structures. This study emphasizes that L2 research is in desperate need of longitudinal studies that investigate how L2 learners start to use their developing L2 knowledge. Not only would this inform theories of knowledge and representation, it is probably also an important precursor for the kind of study conducted here. If one wants to make claims about the effect of instruction on grammatical development, it is important to understand precisely how particular structures emerge in the L2 learner's language. With simple frequency counts and with points of measurement that were quite far apart, this study has been able to uncover interesting features of learner language. Much can probably be learned if learner language is more systematically examined. This study underscores Doughty's claim that: "the case for explicit instruction has been overstated." (2003, p. 274). However, these results should not be taken to mean that second language learning can do without instruction, as the no interface position has often been interpreted. Although in this study the effects of instruction were not spectacular, it has been very clearly demonstrated the instruction is an important catalyst of learning (Larsen-Freeman & Long, 1991;Long, 1983). The purpose of instruction should be to intensify the input. The focus should be on meaningful interaction, but some explicit FFI would probably do more good than harm. Grammar instruction should not aim for the establishment of explicit knowledge. Rather, for grammar instruction to be optimally effective, it should be geared towards the provision of structures in realistic and functional settings, and teaching the structure in isolated contexts should be avoided. After all, the goal of second language grammar teaching is not conscious knowledge of grammar, but proficiency.


Optical sing-around method with an adaptive compensation for signal losses is proposed for precision measurement of time of flight (TOF) required for visualization of a sound field. A 50 ps pulse laser and special voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) circuitry are employed.


The control of sheet materials (paper, fiberboard and other) anisotropy is actual nowadays. To control mechanical sheet materials anisotropy Lamb waves are used. Materials can have mechanical as well as electric anisotropy, which is characteristic only to dielectric materials. Electric anisotropy can be evaluated by measuring permittivity in various directions. The objective of this work is to create methods and equipment for measuring permittivity anisotropy and to check assumptions of existing connections between electric and mechanical sheet materials anisotropy.


Chimney-like Directory Agent Service Location Protocol and mesh-connection Directory Agent mesh Service Location Protocol are the two main hybrid Service Discovery Mechanisms. However, it is reasonable to improve network performance by optimizing local unit size from the opinion of both sociology and network optimization. Based on the theory of "small-world network" of Watts and Strogatz, this paper presents a Small World Service Location Protocol model to improve the dependability of Service Discovery Mechanism. This method effectively improve the system reliability of Service Discovery Mechanism when facing to the failure of local Directory Agent scope by virtue of the reasonable collaboration a few long connections and a great deal short connections. The simulation study shows that Small World Service Location Protocol provides good service discoverability as compared to Service Location Protocol and mesh Service Location Protocol. At the same time, it offers less first respond time after DA scope failure under the failure of local Directory Agent scope with less network bandwidth.


This paper presents the rigorous efficient PILE (Propagation-Inside-Layer Expansion) numerical method and an extension of the Ament model to calculate the field scattered by three homogeneous media separated by two random rough surfaces. Here, the study is applied to ground penetrating radar (GPR) (nadir angle, wide band) for nondestructive survey by taking the roughness of the surfaces into account and by calculating the contribution of each echo coming from the multiple scattering inside the layer. The application to roadways is investigated.


Surface textures of high resolution and quality, either acquired from aerial or satellite imagery or computed using procedural models, are crucial for photorealistic terrain rendering. Procedural models provide a compact representation and can be evaluated at run-time. In this paper we present an extension to an existing, GPU-friendly procedural texturing model, such that it can be fitted semiautomatically to real-world data. In order to increase realism and to account for geographic conditions, we also include temperature, solar radiation and rainfall distributions ‐ simulated or modeled using measured data from gaging stations ‐ into the reproduction process. The original surface texture is no longer required for rendering: instead a new texture of arbitrary resolution is synthesized at runtime. In addition to the compact procedural model we store elevation data, anyway required for the terrain rendering, and low-resolution geographic data. We show results of our method applied to a comparatively little cultivated region in Central Asia.


According to the formula of the electric field due to finite unifomfly charged line and the superposition of electric field,this article gives a new method to calculate the electric field of finite uniformly charged cylinder with excavated a small cylinder,(in vacuum) which is easier,faster and more definite than the method using elliptical integral.Furthermore,discussion and simulation of the cases that arbitrary number of small cylinders are excavated are presented.


but closed and privileged" (66) enclaves of schools, offi ces, and housing that cut them off , institutionally and oft en linguistically, from the larger Soviet world. A particular strength of the book is its consistent emphasis on gender as central to historical understandings of institutions and of individuals' experiences. "To join the party," Studer argues, "was to adopt not just a political orientation" (10) but a complete way of life—one that made shift ing and quite gendered demands on men and women. "The New Woman" documents the "new but still limited opportunities" (42) for women within the Comintern, where many worked as secretaries, translators, or couriers, but few attained leadership positions. The chapter on "The Party and the Private" investigates the linkage of ostensibly personal issues—marriage, friendship, sex—to assessments of political reliability. This confl ation subjected women to a double standard as "sexual promiscuity was more severely judged in woman than in men" (116). Each of the book's thematic chapters tells part of the central story of the Stalinization of the Comintern in the early 1930s and the destruction of its cadres, its culture of international solidarity, and many of its key institutions during the terror in the late 1930s. Thus, for example, in the chapter on the party, we learn in the private notes that during the terror "women Communists of the 1920s" (124), fervent believers in women's autonomy, were shocked by the party's practice of condemning women for their personal ties to "enemies of the people." "Soviet Party Practices" traces the transfer and development of Soviet "practices of biographical surveillance" (75) to the Comintern, ending with their conversion into a tool of the terror. The chapter on the Comintern's schools emphasizes the original pedagogical intent of Soviet autobiographical practices that, when "the political conditions of their deployment" (107) changed, became instruments of repression. The fi nal chapter charts the decay, beginning in the early 1930s, of the Soviet commitment to proletarian internationalism and its replacement by the end of the 1930s with Stalin's conviction that the Comintern was a nest of foreign spies. This thematic organization produces some repetition, but has the advantage of emphasizing the human and institutional complexity of the world of the Comintern. Moreover, chapters could easily be assigned to advanced undergraduates as standalone essays. The book provides a brief, accessible, and engaging English-language survey of Studer's theoretically sophisticated body of work on international communism and Soviet subjectivity.


There are several games which are used to demonstrate the practical implications of some Lean Production Concepts such as the impact of uncertainty on productivity and project duration, push and pull approaches to production or the impact of multitasking. These games are very appealing to the players and the observers by illustrating the detrimental impact of some current practices on project performance. They are also useful by illustrating the impact on some of these practices on project results. This paper reports an attempt to take the benefits of a simple game, the "Dice Game", one step further by using a simulation model inspired in this game to explore some research questions which can not be addressed in the original game. The paper presents the results of an extensive analysis of project conditions where production variability and buffer size were used as the main input variable and project cost and schedule were used as the main output variables. The analysis addresses among other research questions the impact of buffering on project duration and cost, the impact of production variability on project productivity and suggest some guidance to select buffer sizes for minimum project cost.


The kinetic study for the synthesis of Fluorapatite has been done using the thermogravimetric technique under non-isothermal conditions and at four heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C. Both model free and model-fitting methods were used to investigate kinetic parameters. Calcium oxide, phosphorus pentoxide and calcium fluoride were used as the precursor materials. The activation energy values were calculated through model-fitting and isoconversional methods and were used to predict the reaction model and pre-exponential factor. In this case several techniques were considered such as master plots and compensation effects. The results indicated that the reaction mechanism was chemically controlled with second and third order reaction models in the whole range of conversion which the activation energy varied from 25 to 43 kJ/mol.


Based on a 2D axisymmetric plasma fluid model, the effect of the levels of O2 admixtures on the plasma dynamics of an atmospheric pressure He plasma jet incident on a dielectric surface situated normal to the jet axis has been studied. The introduction of O2 admixture in the feedstock gas changes the shape of the discharge ionization rate that approaches the target surface from a ring to a solid disk. As the streamer extinguishes radial propagation along the dielectric surface, comparatively larger plasma-surface contact areas were obtained for O2 additions to the He plasma of less than 0.5% relative to that for the discharge in pure He, while in the case of 2% O2, the radial propagation distance dropped off significantly. The propagation of an ionization wave peaked in the range 0.2%–1% for the O2 admixture. The enhanced ionization reactions are considered to predominate for small concentrations of O2 as additive, and the negative role played by the excitation energy loss and the attachment of electrons to O2 is more important with the addition of 2% O2. There was a remarkable incremental gain in the flux intensity of O on the surface center, while the flux of N was mainly concentrated on the streamer head. The magnitude of the O flux on the surface showed a peak at the 0.5% O2 admixture level, and the flux of O3 on the surface was directly proportional to the O2 concentration.Based on a 2D axisymmetric plasma fluid model, the effect of the levels of O2 admixtures on the plasma dynamics of an atmospheric pressure He plasma jet incident on a dielectric surface situated normal to the jet axis has been studied. The introduction of O2 admixture in the feedstock gas changes the shape of the discharge ionization rate that approaches the target surface from a ring to a solid disk. As the streamer extinguishes radial propagation along the dielectric surface, comparatively larger plasma-surface contact areas were obtained for O2 additions to the He plasma of less than 0.5% relative to that for the discharge in pure He, while in the case of 2% O2, the radial propagation distance dropped off significantly. The propagation of an ionization wave peaked in the range 0.2%–1% for the O2 admixture. The enhanced ionization reactions are considered to predominate for small concentrations of O2 as additive, and the negative role played by the excitation energy loss and the attachment of electrons ...


Demonstratio Mathematica Vol. 42 (2009), 175–184. The purpose of this note is to call attention to an error in the mentioned above paper. Due to some unfortunate misprints, implicit iteration process of above paper published in this journal need to be corrected as follows. Let K be a nonempty subset of X Banach space. Let {Ti} N i=1 be finite families of Iinonexpansive self-mappings and {Ii} N i=1 be finite families of nonexpansive self-mappings on K. The following implicit iteration process for finite families of Iinonexpansive mappings {Ti} N i=1 with {αn} and {βn} are two real sequences in (0, 1). Then sequence {xn}n≥1 is generated as follows:


We recently reported the discovery of a novel pseudoelastic behaviour resulting from a reversible phase transformation from wurtzite (P63 mc) to a novel graphite-like hexagonal (P63/mmc) structure in -oriented ZnO nanowires under uniaxial loading [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 105502 (2006)]. This previously unknown phenomenon is observed in nanowires and has not been reported for bulk ZnO. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to characterize the tensile behaviour dominated by this transformation of nanowires with lateral dimensions of 18–41 Å over the temperature range of 100–700 K. Significant size and temperature effects on the behaviour are observed. Specifically, the critical stress for the initiation of the phase transformation, the recoverable strains associated with the pseudoelasticity and the hysteretic energy dissipation are found to be both size and temperature dependent and can vary by as much as 59%, 32% and 57%, respectively. The large recoverable strains of 10–16% are unusual for the normally rather brittle ZnO ceramic and are due to both elastic stretch and the phase transformation in the slender one-dimensional nanowires. The hysteretic energy dissipation is in the range 0.05–0.14 GJ m−3 per cycle and such low levels are attributed to the relatively low energy barrier for the transformation. Unlike the pseudoelasticity in fcc metal nanowires of Cu, Ni and Au, which leads to a novel shape memory effect, the pseudoelasticity quantified here does not result in a shape memory of ZnO nanowires. The primary reason is the absence of an energy barrier for the phase transformation at zero stress.


Body mass index (BMI) is a common, inexpensive and simple method to categorize individuals as underweight, normal, overweight and obese. BMI does not differentiate components in the body such as organ mass, skeletal weight, fat, water and muscle. However associations between BMI and blood pressure (BP) have been consistently observed but remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to detect the correlation between BMI and blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) of undergraduate medical students at SEGi University, Kota Damansara that were grouped according to gender, based on their races. The participants were randomly selected to participate in this research. The weight, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 155 undergraduate students, 80 females (32 Malays, 21 Chinese and 27 Indians) and 75 males (27 Malays, 28 Chinese and 20 Indians) studying at SEGi University, Kota Damansara, were measured and used to calculate BMI using the standard formula (kg/m2). The statistical analysis was conducted using statistical package for the social sciences software (version 22.0). Our results showed a statistically significant correlation between BMI and systolic blood pressure among the overall participants (r value = 0.471), males participants (r value = 0.558) and female participants (r value = 0.394). Similarly, our data also showed a statistically significant correlation between BMI and diastolic blood pressure among the overall participants (r value = 0.510), males participants (r value = 0.559) and female participants (r value = 0.439). In conclusion, there was statistically significant correlation between BMI and blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) in overall participants, male participants and female participants. Hence, this study may be used as a guidance for Malaysian undergraduate university medical students to be aware of their diet, physical activities and lifestyles, since they are the main risk factors of obesity. This would help to reduce the risks of getting diseases like diabetes, heart diseases, stroke and hypertension.


A description is given of the structure and use of the ADOPT (analog design via optimization) system. The ADOPT system consists of the circuit simulation program HSPICE (Honeywell's version of SPICE), the nonlinear optimization program SUXES-10 (licensed from Meta-Software), and an interface routine called OPTLINK to link the two programs. OPTLINK is set up to pass design parameters and simulation results between SUXES-10 and HSPICE. SUXES-10 passes the initial parameter guess vector to HSPICE. HSPICE then uses these parameters to calculate the desired circuit responses to be optimized and passes the data to SUXES, using PRINT statements. These data are compared to the desired response data and SUXES-10 determines a new set of design parameters to reduce the difference between the two responses. This process continues until SUXES-10 terminates the optimization process.<<ETX>>


To further implement the essence of College English Curriculum Requirements,deepen the reform in college English education and effectively improve students' English self-assess learning ability,our college established the English Self-access Learning Center in 2009,providing an up-to-date platform for English teaching,and a brand-new mode of instruction was introduced among students of 2010.This paper,based on the study condition of students of 2010,analyzes the development of web-based English self-assess learning ability of college students.


In order to provide assistance to older people, robots have been proposed, but projects carried out in that field identified barriers such as difficulties in moving or restricted view, thus limiting the quality of a remote medical triage. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) commonly known as drones may bring an important added-value in that domain. Drones are now used in civilian purposes and many indoor models are commercialised. Their development in the near future for the health area (mainly for surveillance purposes) will benefit older adults and thus empower older persons as well as disabled persons to remain independent.


The effect of the electrolyte pH on the performance of metal oxide photoanodes for solar water oxidation has not been fully resolved, and contrasting views have been presented in recent reports. Herein, a comprehensive set of spectroelectrochemical techniques (impedance spectroscopy, intensity-modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopy (IMPS/IMVS), and operando UV–vis spectroscopy) are deployed to clearly uncover the role of pH on the performance of hematite photoanodes. Our results reveal that, despite the presence of high-valent iron-oxo active sites over a wide pH range (7–13.6), the observed performance improvement with increasing pH is mainly driven by the reduction of surface accumulated charges, in the form of reactive intermediate species, that alleviates Fermi level pinning (FLP). Interestingly, IMPS data provides compelling evidence that the mitigation of FLP originates from changes in the reaction mechanism which boost the rate of charge transfer reducing, in turn, the surface charging. A...


Research purposes: With the development of urban railway traffic,more and more new lines will be (constructed) near existing ones.To protect the environment,many construction methods are widely applied.This paper analyzes the displacements of existing station's structure caused by the construction of new line.Research methods:Different construction methods will be applied in three different areas during building of new line.The problem is rather complicated,therefore the incremental finite element elastic analysis method will be used to(simulate) the whole construction process.The construction method of new line will be optimized based on the computed data.Research results:According to the relative position to existing structure,the whole area of new line is divided into three parts,namely the middle part and two sides.The middle part is excavated incrementally and braced in time,which(results) in the heave no more than 2.67 mm.The crest of heave which is 7.82 mm occurred during rather than(after) the construction.When the construction sequence of the two sides is changed,the maximum heave of existing line structure during the construction reduces to 7.43 mm while the final heave value is almost unchanged.Research conclusions:Reasonable construction method can efficiently control the heave of existing building regardless of its short distance to the new line.The maximum heave may occur during the construction period.Reasonable(construction) sequence can contribute to control the heave value of existing building.


Abstract Background: Postpartum depression is a psychological disorder during the postpartum period which is more dangerous than the baby blues. Postpartum depression can have a serious impact on the development of the baby as well as the social life of the mother. To anticipate the incidence of postpartum depression, it is necessary to have early detection. The purpose of this study was to describe the results of the seventh day postpartum depression screening at PMB S Malang City. Methods: The design of this research is descriptive quantitative with a population of 72 postpartum mothers, the number of samples is 57 people who are taken at simple random. Research instrument: EPDS questionnaire. Results: The results showed that postpartum mothers experienced postpartum depression in as many as 22.8%. Postpartum mothers who have an EPDS score 10 are mothers with the age group > 35 years, working mothers, high school education, nuclear family type, and the number of children 2 - 3 people. Conclusion: Even in small amounts, postpartum depression can have a negative impact on maternal mental health and child development in the future, so early detection efforts need to be cultivated.


A comprehensive treatment of the implementation of high-level programming languages, particularly modern languages such as ALGOL 60, ALGOL 68, Pascal, and Ada. Emphasizes the design of compilers as well as the practical aspects of compiler writing including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, use of symbol tables, storage allocation, and code generation. Identifies the features of particular languages and describes algorithms in an actual language (ALGOL 68). Includes practical exercises with solutions.


Without applying an external magnetic field, high-density recording beyond the optical resolution limit was realized with light intensity modulation, using Domain Tail Erasing (DTE) and Domain Wall Displacement Detection (DWDD). In order to obtain a sufficiently strong bias field to perform recording with a bias layer introduced into the DTE medium, the stray field distribution during the recording process was studied by simulation. A stray field most effectively worked on the recording layer when the Curie temperature of the bias layer was designed at a certain level below the recording temperature. Furthermore, by replacing a part of the bias layer with a bias assist layer, which had a higher Curie temperature and lower coercive force, an even stronger stray field was generated. According to the simulation, non-bias DTE medium was designed, and as a result a sufficiently low jitter value and dropout rate were obtained without bias magnets at a bit length of 80 nm and a track pitch of 0.74 μm, using the same optical parameters of a current DVD.


Objective:To analyze the major organic principles of the seized new "spike 99" spice sample.Methods:The "spike 99" spice sample was analyzed by using GC/MS to do qualitative analysis.Results:The "spike 99" spice sample was detected with JWH-018 and JWH-073 components which were two synthetic cannabinoids.Conclusion: The new "spike 99" spice sample containing these synthetic cannabinoids should be considered as a new product to be added to the list of "designer drugs".


The nucleus incertus in the brainstem orchestrates the formation of contextual memories Listening to the harmonic performance of a symphonic orchestra is a peculiar experience indeed. The music changes dynamically: Sometimes the strenuous voice of the brasses dominates, sometimes only a faltering violin can be heard. The musicians, masters of their instruments, play together, but they form a perfect harmony only by following the instructions of the conductor to play loudly or softly, or to wait in silence.


The use of dry extrusion cookers for gelatinizing grain starch has been investigated. It is possible to consistently achieve better conversion with extrusion than with standard batch methods. Best performance was achieved at high temperatures and low moisture content. The effect of temperature gradient along the barrel was also important and appeared to be related to the nature of starch being processed. The effect of substrate concentration, dextrose equivalence, and agitation on the conversion of starch to sugar by a commercially available glucoamylase has been investigated. The effect of alcohol and a typical fungicide is also reported. Rate was independent of the fungicide but considerably affected by starch concentration, dextrose equivalent, and alcohol percentage. Velocity was unaffected by agitation or background glucose level. Enzyme kinetics are defined and discussed. The traditional Michaelis-Menten equation describing enzyme conversion as a function of substrate concentration appears to be a satisfactory for substrate concentrations of 5% solids or less. An equation describing velocity over a substrate range from 0 to 27.5% by weight was determined and presented.


This chapter presents arguments for two slightly different versions of the thesis that the value of persons is incomparable. Both arguments allege an incompatibility between the demands of a certain kind of practical reasoning and the presuppositions of value comparisons. The significance of these claims is assessed in the context of the "Numbers problem"—the question of whether one morally ought to benefit one group of potential aid recipients rather than another simply because they are greater in number. It is argued that many of the popular approaches to this problem—even ones that avoid the aggregation of personal value—are imperiled by the incomparability theses.


Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has been increasing in popularity rapidly in recent years and is being used for an ever wider range of applications. Central to almost all of these application is the inclusion of accurate wall boundaries. We present here a discussion of boundaries in SPH, in particular, focusing on reflected ghost‐particle boundaries. We show how one can include curved shapes as geometrical objects and more generally as parametric non‐uniform rational B‐spline (NURBS) curves. By properly considering the reflection operation, we derive a correction factor that demonstrably improves the accuracy of the SPH solution and present examples to confirm this. NURBS are standard for representing both 2D curves and 3D surfaces. We detail how they can be practically included in an SPH implementation, including how to calculate various required quantities and reflect particles in the NURBS object. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A 52-year-old woman presents with symptoms of neck pain and headache. Radiographic imaging showed the presence of an intracranial mass.


The last 30 years or so has witnessed the High Court of Australia devote more of its energies to the constructive trust than in the preceding 80 years since its inception. As 2015 represents the Court's tricenarian since its judgment in 'Muschinski v Dodds', in which Deane J enunciated what remains essentially the only probing analysis of the nature of the constructive trust in High Court jurisprudence, this article seeks to inquire into the progeny of his Honour's analysis.


The thermal reaction of evaporated Au films with InP substrate has been studied using scanning electron microscopy, secondary ion mass and Auger electron spectroscopy, and x‐ray diffraction techniques in the temperature range 345–460 °C. Below 450 °C, In and P out‐diffusion with In being the faster diffusing species, as well as Au in‐diffusion have been found to take place to form Au2P3 and Au3In phases at the Au‐InP interface and in the outer region of the Au layer, respectively. The kinetics of P penetration into Au and Au penetration into InP have been determined to be controlled by diffusion kinetics with an activation energy of 2.31 eV. At the temperature above 450 °C, only AuIn2 phase has been found to form within the original InP bulk leaving a planar surface and facets on the {111} P planes. Microstructures, in‐depth composition profiles and binary phases observed in the present experiment have been correlated in terms of Au‐InP solid state interaction at various temperatures. Based on the result ...


Abstract This paper explores the intensities of long-distance commuting journeys in order to understand how bodily sensibilities become attuned to the regular mobilities which they undertake. More people are travelling farther to and from work than ever before, owing to a variety of factors which relate to complex social and geographical dynamics of transport, housing, lifestyle, and employment. Yet, the experiential dimensions of long-distance commuting have not received the attention that they deserve within research on mobilities. Drawing from fieldwork conducted in Australia, Canada, and Denmark this paper aims to further develop our collective understanding of the experiential particulars of long-distance workers or 'supercommuters'. Rather than focusing on the extensive dimensions of mobilities that are implicated in broad social patterns and trends, our paper turns to the intensive dimensions of this experience for supercommuters by developing an understanding of embodied kinetic energy, commotion and quality. Exploring how experiences of supercommuters are constituted by a range of different material and bodily forces enables us to more sensitively consider the practical, technical, and affective implications of this increasingly prevalent yet underexplored travel practice.


In many managed forests, tree regeneration density and composition following timber harvest are highly variable. This variability is due to multiple environmental drivers – including browsing by herbivores such as deer, seed availability and physical characteristics of forest gaps and stands – many of which can be influenced by forest management. Identifying management actions that produce regeneration abundance and composition appropriate for the long-term sustainability of multiple forest values (e.g., timber, wildlife) is a difficult task. However, this task can be aided by simulation tools that improve understanding and enable evaluation of synergies and trade-offs between management actions for different resources. We present a forest tree regeneration, growth, and harvest simulation model developed with the express purpose of assisting managers to evaluate the impacts of timber and deer management on tree regeneration and forest dynamics in northern hardwood forests over long time periods under different scenarios. The model couples regeneration and deer density sub-models developed from empirical data with the Ontario variant of the US Forest Service individual-based forest growth model, Forest Vegetation Simulator. Our error analyses show that model output is robust given uncertainty in the sub-models. We investigate scenarios for timber and deer management actions in northern hardwood stands for 200 years. Results indicate that higher levels of mature ironwood (Ostrya virginiana) removal and lower deer densities significantly increase sugar maple (Acer saccharum) regeneration success rates. Furthermore, our results show that although deer densities have an immediate and consistent negative impact on forest regeneration and timber through time, the non-removal of mature ironwood trees has cumulative negative impacts due to feedbacks on competition between ironwood and sugar maple. These results demonstrate the utility of the simulation model to managers for examining long-term impacts, synergies fore and trade-offs of multiple


In the recent era, distributed generation, micro grid, and smart grid has gained the attention and has become an important area of research to find solutions to overcome the difficulties raised due to energy crisis. Renewable energies derived from natural sources that are renewed continually and have various forms. Electricity and heat obtained from solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, biomass, and tidal resources are derived from renewable resources. The common inherent drawbacks of renewable energy are unpredictable and intermittent in nature. Hybridizing renewable energy system utilizes multiple energy sources, usually wind and solar power. This paper demonstrates a new system configuration for a hybrid wind and photovoltaic systems. This configuration permits the two sources to fulfill the load demand either separately or simultaneously based on availability. The converter is a composite of CUK and SEPIC converter called CUK-SEPIC fused converter for stand-alone system. The other converter is a combination of CUK and Buck converter called CUK-Buck fused converter for rural telephony system.


Office workers spends about a third of the day at work and a majority of total daily sedentary behavior takes place at the office. Physical activity has positive effects on physical and mental heal ...


73 Background: Following feedback provided to each site of their 2006 compliance results and enactment of improvement plans, the FIQCC re-evaluated the quality of documentation of specific quality indicators for breast cancer in the medical records of 11 participating FIQCC sites in 2009. Quality indicators were based upon ASCO, ACOS, NCCN, and expert-consensus panel recommendations. The findings were compared with 2006 results.

METHODS
Chart reviews from the same 2006 FIQCC sites for pre-specified Breast Medical Oncology quality indicators were performed by trained abstractors on patients first seen in 2009. The indicators included: clinical trial decisions, consent for treatment, definitive surgery after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, published regimen dose plan, and chemotherapy selected from a published list. Statistical comparisons of 2006 and 2009 data were performed using the Pearson chi-square exact test based on Monte Carlo estimation.

RESULTS
636 pts (99% female) [average age of 60.7 years (range 24-94)] were evaluated, with the 2009 number of cases per site ranging from 59 to 97. Significant improvements in treatment planning and administration were seen over time when comparing 2006 (n=602) to 2009 charts. This included signed chemotherapy consent (2006: 74%; 2009: 81% p=0.047), definitive surgery after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (2006: 88%; 2009:100% p=0.017), and the planned dose being from a published list (2006: 74%;200: 84% p=0.020). Strides were also made in documenting that patients were evaluated for clinical trial enrollment (2006:13%; 2009: 21% p=0.001). Declines were seen in chemotherapy selections from an approved list (2006:94%; 2009: 82% p<0.001). Further investigations into this finding are underway and will be presented at the meeting.

CONCLUSIONS
With the adoption of specific quality indicators, evaluation of a specified number of cases across multiple practices, and then providing feedback on documentation to providers and medical teams, here we demonstrate that significant improvements in medical charting and thus quality cancer care can be made.


155 Fungal isolates, isolated from marine water, belong to five fungal species viz Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Penicillium expansum, Trichoderma virens and Penicillium spp were screened for alpha amylase production. All the isolates belong to A.niger, 12 isolates of Trichoderma virens and A.fumigatus, 10 isolates of Penicillium expansum and 2 isolates of Penicillium spp , were produced alpha amylase. A.niger strain SK01 was selected for alpha amylase production. Vegetables wastes were used as a substrate by solid state fermentation under 0,10,20,40 and 50% moisture content. Enzyme activity was studied at 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C temperature and the pH 5,6,7,8 and 9. Wastes supported growth and enzyme activity at all parameters tested. Maximum activity was recorded at 0% moisture content, 70°C temperature and pH 9.


This paper examines the problem of multiple solutions for the synthesis of predistorted transfer functions of microwave narrow‐band bandpass filters. The losses in narrow‐band bandpass filters affect the flatness of the in‐band transfer function and the selectivity sharpness. The predistortion is a synthesis technique used to recover acceptable flatness and selectivity of the transfer function knowing the level of losses. Applying this technique, multiple solutions are available, leading to different circuit realizations and, as a consequence, to different electrical behaviors in presence of losses. In particular, the return loss level in the passband depends deeply on the selected solution. The return loss is generally not a problem in case of IMUX filters but it has generally to be considered in other applications. Simple rules are given in this article in order to select the more appropriate solution in the late case. The theoretical demonstration is illustrated by an example of a 5 pole filter with a predistorted transfer function. The multiple solutions are determined and the effects of losses in term of minimum in‐band return loss level are compared for each solution. An experimental model is then used to validate these theoretical results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2007.


Background: Complex cardiac surgery in neonates and small-weight babies is a challenge. In addition to the surgical expertise and skill required, accurate diagnosis, management of anesthesia, perfusion, and postoperative critical care are equally challenging. Methods: We have analyzed the data of 4 different examples of complex cardiac surgery in neonates and small-weight babies from February 2012 to July 2019 in our unit. The first group included 118 cases of arterial switch operations for transposition of great arteries with and without ventricular septal defect (group 1). The second group included 52 patients of aortic arch repair from midline using selective cerebral perfusion avoiding total circulatory arrest (group 2). The third group included 75 patients of repair of coarctation of aorta from thoracotomy using the modified end-to-side technique (group 3). The fourth group included 40 neonates and small-weight babies who underwent repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (group 4). Results: In group 1, there was hospital mortality in 6 babies. In group 2, there was no hospital mortality. In group 3, there was 1 hospital death; in group 4, there were 5 hospital deaths. The major contributing cause of death was respiratory or blood-borne infection causing respiratory issues leading to prolonged ventilation. Left diaphragm palsy contributed to morbidity and eventual death in 2 babies. Only 2 patients required tracheostomy to wean off the ventilator. Conclusions: In the present day, it is possible to achieve satisfactory results with acceptable mortality in neonatal cardiac surgery. Morbidity associated with very early repair in neonatal age, low weight, and infection-related issues is manageable with good outcomes.


New method of creep life prediction by Strain-Acceleration-Parameter, SAP, is presented. Sato has found that shapes of creep curves can be characterized by the SAP that reflects magnitude of strain-rate change in secondary creep [1–4]. The SAP values are defined at minimum creep rates, and show the shapes of a creep curve, that depends on stress and temperature. Reconstruction of creep curves by a combination of SAP and a minimum-creep rate is successfully performed, and the extrapolated curves agree well with experiment. The predicted life times also reasonably agree with that obtained by experiment. The possibility of precise life prediction by SAP is pronounced. One of an important advantage of the proposed method is that the required parameters evaluated by individual creep curve are simpler than that are used in methods previously proposed, i.e., the theta projection concept, for example. Possibilities of wide application on many kinds of heat resistant materials should be investigated with the method of SAP.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The utility model provides a bulb with an LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamp filament structure. The bulb comprises a lamp cap with a driving plate which is arranged at the tail end, a glass pipe which is fixedly connected with the lamp cap, a bubble cap which is connected with the glass pipe in a sealing way, a plurality of LED lamp filaments which are located in the bubble cap and an LED support which is fixedly connected to the upper end of the glass pipe, wherein one end of each LED lamp filament is fixed to the LED support; the other end of each LED lamp filament is in wire joint with the support; the LED lamp filaments are respectively and directly packaged in a transparent glass substrate; spring sheet terminals are arranged at two ends of the packaged LED lamp filaments; the packaged LED lamp filaments are fixed to the LED support by the spring sheet terminals in a way of respectively inclining for a certain inclination angle theta. According to the technical scheme, the use ratio of a light source is effectively improved and the illumination angle of the LED bulb is increased.


background. Complete spontaneous regression of melanoma metastatic to the lungs is a rare event. objective. To report a case of biopsy‐proven melanoma metastatic to the lung with complete spontaneous regression. methods. Multidisciplinary case report. results. A 35‐year‐old white female was diagnosed with metastatic melanoma to the lung. A pleural biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Partial spontaneous regression was noted by a staging computed tomography scan prior to enrollment in an investiga‐tional protocol. Complete spontaneous regression occurred over 5 months without any form of conventional or alternative therapy, and the patient remains disease‐free 3 years after diagnosis. conclusions. Our case represents the seventh case of complete spontaneous regression of melanoma metastatic to the lung, and the only case with histologic confirmation of both the primary and pulmonary metastatic lesions. The patient was pregnant twice between the time of her initial diagnosis of primary melanoma and pulmonary metastatic disease.


The synthesis of small organic molecules based Hg2+ ions receptors have
gained considerable attention because it is one of the most prevalent toxic metals which is continuously
discharged into the environment by different natural and industrial activities. 1,4-Disubstituted
1,2,3-triazoles have been reported as good chemosensors for the detection of various metal ions including
Hg2+ ions.

The synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles (4a-4c) was achieved by Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition,
and their binding affinity towards various metal ions and anions were studied by UVVisible
titration experiments. The perchlorate salts of metal ions and tetrabutylammonium salts of
anions were utilized for the UV-Visible experiments. DFT studies were performed to understand the
binding and mechanism on the sensing of 4a toward Hg2+ using the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) method for
4a and B3LYP/LANL2DZ for 4a-Hg2+ species on the Gaussian 09W program.

The UV-visible experiments indicated that the compounds 4a-4c show a selective response
towards Hg2+ ion in UV-Visible spectra, while other ions did not display such changes in the absorption
spectra. The binding stoichiometry was evaluated by Job's plot which indicated the 1:1 binding
stoichiometry between receptors (4a-4c) and Hg2+ ion. The detection limit of 4a, 4b and 4c for the
Hg2+ ions was found to be 29.1 nM, 3.5 μM and 1.34 μM, respectively.

 Some 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized (4a-4c) exhibiting high selectively and
sensitivity towards Hg2+ ions in preference to other ions. Compound 4a has a low detection limit of
29.1 nM and the binding constant of 2.3×106 M-1. Similarly, 4b and 4c also showed selective sensing
towards Hg2+ ions in the μM range. The observed experimental results were corroborated by density
functional theory (DFT) calculations.


This work focuses on the comparison between Newtonian and non-Newtonian blood flows through a bileaflet mechanical heart valve in the aortic root. The blood, in fact, is a concentrated suspension of cells, mainly red blood cells, in a Newtonian matrix, the plasma, and consequently its overall behavior is that of a non-Newtonian fluid owing to the action of the cells' membrane on the fluid part. The common practice, however, assumes the blood in large vessels as a Newtonian fluid since the shear rate is generally high and the effective viscosity becomes independent of the former. In this paper, we show that this is not always the case even in the aorta, the largest artery of the systemic circulation, owing to the pulsatile and transitional nature of the flow. Unexpectedly, for most of the pulsating cycle and in a large part of the fluid volume, the shear rate is smaller than the threshold level for the blood to display a constant effective viscosity and its shear thinning character might affect the system dynamics. A direct inspection of the various flow features has shown that the valve dynamics, the transvalvular pressure drop and the large-scale features of the flow are very similar for the Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid models. On the other hand, the mechanical damage of the red blood cells (hemolysis), induced by the altered stress values in the flow, is larger for the non-Newtonian fluid model than for the Newtonian one.


The study aimed to give information about the use of trees in helping the environment particularly to the quality of air. Leaves of selected tree species planted along the busy streets in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines were analyzed in terms of its surface area and its ability to adsorb PM 10 . Results revealed that G. arborea Roxb. exhibits the greatest leaf surface area based from the method UTHSCA software. Further, results of the study showed that among the four plant species sampled and analyzed along the road of Brgy. Kauswagan , the leaves of G. arborea Roxb., adsorbed the highest amount of PM 10 while in Masterson Avenue, M. calabura Linn. showed the highest rate of adsorption capacity compared to other three species sampled and analyzed. Two- way ANOVA revealed that there are no significant differences between the two busiest streets and among the four species sampled and analyzed. Keywords: PM 10 , Surface leaf area, Adsorption, Air quality


Language and literature have a complex relationship with religion. The concrete example of these relationship can be observed in the Qur'an. The Qur'an as a Muslim holy book is revealed in Arabic which is fulled by beautiful language styles. Even, the beauty of diction in the Qur'an was recognized by prominent Arabic literaturer in his time. One of language style which dominates the beauty of the Qur'an is repetition. Therefore, the research of repetition in the Qur'an is importance in term of linguistics, literature, and religion. Through a qualitative approach and content analysis, this research aims to explore the types of repetition in one of Madaniyah's surah, namely al-Fath. The results are found in this surah as follows. 1) There are four types of repetition in surah al-Fath, namely phonological, morphological, syntax, and semantic repetition. 2) The most common repetition found in Surah al-Fath is phonological repetition then syntax repetition. 3) Themost common type of phonological repetition is initial rhyme as morpheme. 4) the most common type of syntax repetition is word repetition as partial reduplication.The results of this research are useful as a theoretical reference, especially regarding the style of repetition in the Qur'an