ABSTRACT Numerous publications demonstrate that outdoor and nature-based education benefit school children both physically, cognitively, emotionally and socially and may also promote pro-environmental behaviour. This study assesses the perceptions of 22 students aged 11 to 12 years old after a nature field trip. Such students attended a state-funded primary school and participated in an integrated school programme which aimed to promote environmental awareness and to help children value the natural and cultural heritage of their surroundings. After interviewing the school children in focus groups and analysing data through a coding process and comparison system within an interpretative paradigm, the results illustrate that contribution to field trips benefit children mostly emotionally and socially, while cognitive outcomes are less apparent. These results are particularly relevant in multicultural contexts similar to the one studied.


Motor vehicle with a body (16) and at least one wheel or at least one axis with a movable axle (14), wherein for determining the level of the body (16) is provided with respect to the at least one wheel or the at least one axis, a motor (20) coupled to the body (16) and a spindle (22) on an adjusting element (18) acts and on the spindle, the means for measuring an angle (22) or a motor shaft as a measuring object, and means for counting a number of revolutions of the measurement object are provided, wherein a control unit (24) is coupled to the means for measuring the angle and the means for counting and adapted to a value for the distance between the body (16) and the adjusting derive (18) and further adapted is adapted for determining control commands to the motor (20) in a defined by predetermined criteria rule, to use this derived value, characterized, in that to the body (16) comprises a sensor unit (26) is arranged, comprising: - a light source (36) for irradiating the adjusting element (18) at a predetermined or determinable angle of incidence with a light beam (28), - at a defined distance from the light source (36) arranged detecting means (38) for detecting a return beam angle (α - means for determining the distance between the sensor unit (26) and adjustment element (18) of the angle of incidence, the return beam angle (α


Acute systemic injections of morphine and nicotine elicit increased locomotion in rats and repeating these injections produces an enhanced or sensitized effect.1J Sensitization of locomotion has also been reported for arnphetarnir~e~.~ and cocaine.5 Different lines of evidence suggest that mesolimbic dopaminergic (DA) activation underlies the acute locomotor effects of these drugs and that enhanced activity in this system may be responsible for sensitization to their locomotor effects.4,bs Further evidence implicating DA system activation in locomotor sensitization also comes from experiments in which morphine or a p-opioid receptor agonist was injected directly into the ventral tegmental area (VTA).9-11 Indeed, this mesencephalic structure contains a high density of DA perikarya12 innervating cortical and subcortical fbrebrain areas such as the prefiontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens, one of the main targets of the mesolimbic DA system.13 Supporting the view that sensitization of the locomotor hyperactivity induced by repeated enkephalin injections into the VTA is associated with an activation of the mesolimbic DA pathway, an enhanced or sensitized metabolism of DA was fbund in the nucleus accumbens in response to the drug." However, when morphine or a p-opioid receptor agonist was repeatedly injected into the nucleus accumbens, no sensitization occurred.15 Qualitatively similar findings were obtained with amphetamine: repeatedly injecting amphetamine into the VTA produces sensitized locomotor responses to peripheral administrations of either amphetamine, cocaine or morphine, whereas amphetamine repeatedly injected into the nucleus accumbens elicits locomotor hyperactivity but no sensitization.16J7 It has been proposed therefore, that sensitization involves changes in a local neuronal loop which mul t in altered modulation of DA neurons in the VTA, rendering them more easily excitable by subsequent pharmacological challenge. A diminished somatodendritic release of DA fiom mesolimbic DA cell bodies, shown to occur in sensitized animals, could account fbr the enhanced release of DA in the nucleus accumbens.15J6J8 Alternatively, but not exdusively, it


Follow the macabre events that sweep the narrator into the haunted world of Roderick Usher--a morbid recluse and slave to fear--whose descent into madness inevitably brings the great House of Usher to its most sinister fate. Also included are Murders in the Rue Morgue, The Man of the Crowd, The Oval Portrait, The Masque of the Red Death and The Tell-Tale Heart.


Zeolites with MOR,BEA and TON structures were mesoporous modified by alkaline-acid treatments.The mesoporosity,desilication selectivity and desilication efficiency versus structure of zeolites were studied,and the selectivity of desilication reaction,the whole desilication selectivity towards the modification process,and desilication efficiency were quantitatively elucidated.As a result,these modified zeolites are provided with microand mesoporous structures and feature a uniform mesopore distribution.According to the different zeolite structures,selectivities both towards desilication reaction and desilication process follow the same sequence of MOR BEA TON,the desilication-process selectivity is always larger than 90.6% for each of the three structures,and the desilication efficiency relative to the specific surface area of mesoporous structure ranges as TON MOR BEA.The microporous zeolite with the lower framework density and formation enthalpies from oxides but higher channel accessibility exhibits both of the higher mesoporosity and desilication efficiency.The representative sample of modified zeolite BEA has the significant mesopore structure:viz.the specific surface area of 468.2 m2/g,specific pore volume of 0.66 cm3/g and diameter of 5.6 nm.


................................................................................................................................................. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 5 STRUCTURE, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE ....... 5 CARBON ACQUISITION AND METABOLISM IN MARINE MICRO PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CALCIFICATION IN EMILIANIA HUXLEY! ALGAE .................................................... 9 ............................................................. 11 MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................ STRAINS, MEDIA, AND GROWTH CONDITIONS .................................... CLONING, TRANSFORMATIONS AND GENETIC COMPLEMENTATION . PEP CARBOXYKINASE ENZYME ASSAYS ............................................ CDNA SYNTHESIS AND REAL-TIME RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) ................ ..................................................... 14 ..................................................... 14 ...................................................... 15 ..................................................... 17 ..................................................... 18 RESULTS .................................................................................................................................................... 20 SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF A PEP CARBOXYKINASE eDNA FROM E. HUXLEY! ................................. CLONING AND HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION OF THE E. HUXLEY! PEPCK CDNA IN E. COU. ...... CLONING AND HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION OF THEE. HUXLEYIPEPCK eDNA IN YEAST ........ GENETIC COMPLEMENTATION OF E. COU HG4 (PCK") WITH E. HUXLEY/ EHPCK CDNA CLONES DEVELOPMENT OF A FUNCTIONAL PEP CARBOXYK.INASE ENzyME ASSAY IN E. HUXLEY/ . ........... EXPRESSION PROFILES OF E. HUXLEY/ PEPCK USING QRT-PCR.................................................. ........ 20 ........ 28 ........ 32 ........ 34 ........ 35 ........ 36 DISCUSSION.............................................................................................................................................. 43 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 49


This report is of a case presented as Bell's palsy which on further investigations turned out to be a rare cause of facial paralysis i.e lower pontine infarct. The lesion must be of appropriate size at nuclear level to produce isolated facial nerve palsy. But sometimes pontine infarct presenting as lone facial palsy which is very rare should also be taken into consideration and MRI study is a must so that we may not miss the possible rarity.


Abstract: As technology advances, a rule-based expert system allows the end-user to enable new types of healthcare systems. The availability of Android OS-based smart phones with more user-friendly GUIs and lower prices, in particular, opens up new possibilities for continuously monitoring pets' health statuses such as dogs/cats healthy, toxic ingestions, and swallowed. The domain adaptation frequently serves to provide related facilities to users. The topics discussed here are diverse and important in health administration and clinical practice. The pet mobile app can be used to keep pets disease-free. We can contact a pet specialist in an emergency by making an appointment online through this app. This app can assist you in locating the nearest pet hospital in your area. Pet health issues are addressed using mobile phones in this study


Effect of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on vaccine protection remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether persons vaccinated after a prior infection have better protection against future infection than those vaccinated without prior infection. Effect of prior infection was assessed in Qatar population, where the Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Beta (B.1.351) variants dominate incidence, using two national retrospective, matched-cohort studies, one for the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine, and one for the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine. Incidence rates of infection among BNT162b2-vaccinated persons, with and without prior infection, were estimated, respectively, at 1.66 (95% CI: 1.26-2.18) and 11.02 (95% CI: 9.90-12.26) per 10,000 person-weeks. The incidence rate ratio was 0.15 (95% CI: 0.11-0.20). Analogous incidence rates among mRNA-1273-vaccinated persons were estimated at 1.55 (95% CI: 0.86-2.80) and 1.83 (95% CI: 1.07-3.16) per 10,000 person-weeks. The incidence rate ratio was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.34-2.05). Prior infection enhanced protection of those BNT162b2-vaccinated, but not those mRNA-1273-vaccinated. These findings may have implications for dosing, interval between doses, and potential need for booster vaccination.


Introduction This paper explores the ways the Eastern Penan2 establish their relationship with the landscape, sculpting it in the process, to make a living, and maintain a long-term relationship. As they move across the landscape, they establish a series of campsites (lam in) which they leave behind as la'a (old campsites) representing their 'footprints' (uban). The la'a often associated with events, such as deaths, births, even humorous occurrences, become significant uban of both the group and individuals linked to these episodes. Movements across the landscape within an area or specific river systems are motivated by the cycle of resource availability. As they harvest resources they establish tenure (olong) over them to ensure systematic management and husbandry. Thus, what appears as a natural environment is, in fact, one that has undergone the process of human activities by way of methodological sculpting. As Brosius (1986: 174-178; 2001:134-139) noted some years ago, what appears to be an empty space is instead a landscape that encapsulates history and way of life. In numerous conversations with Pen an, they often express the view that they are part of the landscape as much as the landscape is part of them; thus what is territory is a space of belonging, our space, okoo ami'. Within the context of this human-environment interaction, the relationship of the nineteen Eastern Penan settlements six nomadic, six semi-settled and seven settled located in the area between


The connecting thread of this work is the idea of the common within the thought of Marx. In the tradition that he inaugurates –as in many of the great political, social and philosophical traditions– the common has a double statute: the ontological and the historical social. In this work we consider both dimensions of analysis from their counterpoints or, more precisely, from their interlacement. On the one hand, we attempt to consider the special relation that Marx establishes between them, while on the other hand and at the same time, we try to emphasize the implications and the radicalism of this other way of thinking, simultaneously, both the "being" and the "social".


Research is a defining characteristic of the University of Utah, setting it apart from many other of the state's institutions of higher education. Each year, the University injects millions of dollars into the local economy as it funds these research activities. This spending contributes to the state's economic base in myriad ways— supporting and creating jobs, increasing earnings for Utah residents, and providing tax revenue for state and local units of government.


Deformable object manipulation tasks have long been regarded as challenging robotic problems. However, until recently very little work has been done on the subject, with most robotic manipulation methods being developed for rigid objects. Deformable objects are more difficult to model and simulate, which has limited the use of model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) strategies, due to their need for large amounts of data that can only be satisfied in simulation. This paper proposes a new shape control task for Deformable Linear Objects (DLOs). More notably, we present the first study on the effects of elastoplastic properties on this type of problem. Objects with elastoplasticity such as metal wires, are found in various applications and are challenging to manipulate due to their nonlinear behavior. We first highlight the challenges of solving such a manipulation task from an RL perspective, particularly in defining the reward. Then, based on concepts from differential geometry, we propose an intrinsic shape representation using discrete curvature and torsion. Finally, we show through an empirical study that in order to successfully solve the proposed task using Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), the reward needs to include intrinsic information about the shape of the DLO.


The aim of this paper is to study the main motivational theories developed and discussed within the corporate field. The discussion assumes the influence of human behavior in organizations and their importance as the basis for the success of the companies in the market as a way to be introduced as a competitive differentiator. Then the investigation starts from motivational theories developed over time, starting from the studies indicate that evolution as the main differences between them. The research was based on literature review specializes in the subject. It was found that the topic motivation applied


Clean intermittent self-catheterisation (CISC) is often a treatment option for men with urinary incontinence, particularly those with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. In appropriate patients it has been shown to promote continence, maintain safe bladder function and improve quality of life. CISC can promote privacy and dignity for men with urinary incontinence due to impaired bladder emptying. Patient choice regarding product selection is important. There are a range of different products available on prescription for patients, and many have been designed specifically with men in mind. Nurses need to keep up to date with new product availability in order to offer choice to men performing CISC. The LoFric Origo is a new catheter that has recently been added to the UK NHS Drug Tariff.


In a WHO report released in Feb 2017, Acinetobacter baumannii has been list as top one of critical antibiotic-resistant "priority pathogens" which is in an urgent need for the new treatment. A. baumannii infections have become increasingly difficult to treat because most isolates are highly resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. With the absent of effective antibiotics, an effective vaccination regimen is urgently needed. We have established a pneumonia mouse model by non-invasive intratracheal instillation with A. baumannii and sepsis model by intraperitoneal injection of bacteria. Intranasal or intramascullar Vaccination both showed 100% protection against A. baumannii infection in pneumonia and sepsis model supported by reduced bacteria burderns, pathology, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine. Intranasal immunization also showed cross protection against different type clinical A. baumannii strains. A successful vaccine against A. baumannii will help us control its infection and overcome the development of multidrug resistance.


There seems to be consensus amongst scholars that reputation management rests on a foundationof corporate communication, and it is moreover believed that the chief executive officer (CEO) isthe perceived owner and defender of an organisation's reputation (Hutton, Goodman, Alexander& Genest, 2001: 248 and Gonring 2004: 12).Since corporate reputation and values instilled through internal corporate communication reverberateoutside organisations (Roberts, 2004), the CEO should utilise internal corporate communicationeffectively to enhance his/her and the company's reputation among employees as a stakeholder.The research problem that prompted this research has, therefore, been formulated as: Does theinternal corporate communication programme of the CEO of the ABC Group have any significancefor middle management employees' perception of the reputation of the organisation? The aim ofthe study is to illustrate the link between the internal corporate communication programme of anorganisation's CEO and middle management employees' perception of the reputation of theorganisation.A pragmatic research approach was adopted for this study, and two communication theories – thesystems theory and in particular the interrelatedness aspect thereof, and the flow of informationaspects of the information theory (Bowers & Courtright, 1984: 23) - were used as the conceptualpremise of the study. Based on the fact that the nature of the study is interpretative, a combinedqualitative-quantitative research approach was employed for the collection, analysis and representationof data. The study concurs with the finding that the internal corporate communication programmeof the CEO of the ABC Group does in fact have significance for middle management employees'perception of the reputation of the organisation


The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a power electronic device that is used to inject 3-phase voltage in series and in synchronism with the distribution feeder voltages in order to compensate for voltage sag. In this paper the operation of a DVR is presented. The power circuit of a DVR together with the control techniques used for compensation is explained. The operation of the Software Phase Locked Loop (SPLL) and its stability are analyzed. The DVR control system is described and verified using simulation. The control algorithm implemented using DSP was tested using generated input voltage signals and the results are also presented. The micro-cycle effect of battery current for balanced and unbalanced sag is also investigated.


found himself in an ethical situation, we understand that he probably either contemplated or made some choice or action from a sense of duty or obligation or with a view to the Good. In other words, there are circumstances of this or that kind of structure which are recognized as ethical, dangerous, or embarrassing. What characteristics, then, are implied when one refers to "the rhetorical situation" the context in which speakers or writers create rhetorical discourse? Perhaps this question is puzzling because "situation" is not a standard term in the vocabulary of rhetorical theory. "Audience" is standard; so also are "speaker," "subject," "occasion," and "speech." If I were to ask, "What is a rhetorical audience?" or "What is a rhetorical subject?" the reader would catch the meaning of my question. When I ask, What is a rhetorical situation?, I want to know the nature of those contexts in which speakers or writers create rhetorical discourse: How should they be described? What are their characteristics? Why and how do they resuit in the creation of rhetoric? By analogy, a theorist of science might well ask, What are the characteristics of situations which inspire scientific thought? A philosopher might ask, What is the nature of the situation in which a philosopher "does philosophy"? And a theorist of poetry might ask, How shall we describe the context in which poetry cornes into existence?


The key issue of solving the nonlinear output regulation problem is to extend the concept of the internal model from linear domain to nonlinear domain. This note will overview the development of the concept of the internal model and show some applications of the nonlinear output regulation problem.


The chair was taken at the annual meeting of the governors of this hospital by Alderman Sir George Wyatt Truscott, Chairman of the Committee of Management. The adoption of the annual report was moved by the Chairman, who remarked that the smallness of the attendance at the meeting testified to the contentment of the governors with the way in which the hospital was carried on. The report was a satisfactory one, in so far as it showed


Due to the increasing number of digital copies of original archival documents in the State Archives in Zagreb, the question has arisen; how come we properly store and preserve the originals, while for digital copies, there is still no solution for organized storage and quick search. In anticipation of solving this problem at the national level, the State Archives in Zagreb approached the problem in their way. A database was designed to store digitized archival documents. Storage of digital archival documents is provided in a format that is intended for permanent preservation. Furthermore, each upload requires the input of appropriate metadata. Accurate and detailed metadata entry allows the search of the database, linking of keywords and content.


The invention belongs to the technical field of food additive, and specifically relates to a production method of high-grade maltodextrin. According to the invention, refined corn starch is adopted as a raw material, and processes such as material blending, jet liquefaction, flash evaporation, filtering, primary decolorization filtering, secondary decolorization, ion exchange, evaporation concentration, spray drying, and the like are carried out, such that MDl00 high-grade maltodextrin with a liquefaction DE value smaller than 10 is produced. With the method, requirements of current food and medicine production upon high-grade maltodextrin can be satisfied.


Spinal arthrodesis is a surgical procedure used to treat painful conditions stemming from spinal instability. Despite its widespread use, the healing time after surgery can take months. The mechanical properties of the implants used in this surgery have never been optimized. Presented is preliminary work used to quantify the relationship between the stiffness of spinal instrumentation and its effect on spinal kinematics.


influence on the British labour movement to affect appreciably the turn of events, and this may have been because he never really saw beyond a point which socialism in Britain had reached in the Edwardian decade, just as despite his rejection of the imperial mission he never understood in his old age a world in which Britain was not the centre of the vortex of power. Tawney helped to move the historical outlook forward from the nineteenth century into the twentieth, but as a socialist he was, to his death, trying to fit the ideas of Ruskin and Morris into a society that found them irrelevant. This is not to say that Ruskin and Morris and Tawney were wrong. It may be that we are even now moving towards a frame of mind where they will seem relevant again and so become influential. In the meantime, R.H. Tawhey and His Times is a good introduction to Tawney as a political visionary. (It includes an excellent detailed bibliography of his books, articles, and reviews.) An adequate study of Tawney as historian has still to be written.


The paper was prepared under the topic: Sources of growth and the expected evolution of structures and the role of the agri-food sector until the year 2020 and beyond in the task: Investments, efficiency and new technologies as the sources of economic growth in agriculture until and after 2020


The main purpose of a scientific paper is to report new results, usually experimental, and to relate these results to previous knowledge in the field. Papers are one of the most important ways that we communicate with one another. In understanding how to read a paper, we need to start at the beginning with a few preliminaries. We then address the main questions that will enable you to understand and evaluate the paper. 1. How are papers organized <#organization>? 2. How do I prepare to read a paper <#reading>, particularly in an area not so familiar to me? 3. What difficulties can I expect <#difficulties>? 4. How do I understand and evaluate <#evaluate> the contents of the paper? 1. Organization of a paper In most scientific journals, scientific papers follow a standard format. They are divided into several sections, and each section serves a specific purpose in the paper. We first describe the standard format, then some variations on that format. A paper begins with a short *Summary* or *Abstract*. Generally, it gives a brief background to the topic; describes concisely the major findings of the paper; and relates these findings to the field of study. As will be seen, this logical order is also that of the paper as a whole.


Objectives The present study has been planned for the purpose of defining at what ages and which behaviors the negative changes of behavior of the children having a minor surgery under sevofluran anesthesia have the most density and what the condition of the behaviors are at the end of monitoring of 4 weeks.


Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is one of the few microscopical methods that potentially can detect and in situ localize the various isotopes of virtually all elements. Recent work with SIMS has demonstrated the possibility of imaging the distribution of various elements in plant cell and tissues. However, in these studies, the elements were incorporated in cell macromolecules or associated with structural polymers, precipitated or immobilized in dry seeds. The localization of mineral ions is of particular significance for the physiology of higher plants owing to their quantitative importance and the impact of their cellular distribution on metabolic regulation. Here we analyse the possibility of mapping different elements (K, Ca, Mg, P, S, 15N and 14N) present as soluble and/or bound forms in highly vacuolated leaf cells. Cryoprocedures to prepare samples for SIMS detection are described and discussed. The quality of the results is assessed at each step of the sample preparation and analysis. Various methodologies are used, including photonic and electronic microscopies, and the agreement of the observed ion distribution with current knowledge of ion compartmentalization in plant cells. The K/Ca emission ratio is proposed as an index of the degree of preservation of the natural ion distribution to critically evaluate the results and identify where artefacts are likely to occur.


The article is devoted to results of informational search of definition for term and concept "set". Definition, excluding unnecessary synonym and completely corresponding to Cantor's concept of set, is suggested.


With the imbalance in the relation man-nature settled a social-environmental crisis, whose own humanity began to suffer the consequences of its consumerist onslaughts. Within this context, Environmental Education is a valuable tool, capable of freeing man from the living circle of consumerism and putting him on the axis of his own existence again. Thus, this study seeks to demonstrate that the equilibrium in the relationship between man and nature and the management of the socio-environmental crisis must start from the (re) education of humanity regarding modernity and its effects, adopting for this the methodology of qualitative bibliographical research, Analysis of doctrine and scientific articles. Thus, the exploratory method of the proposed theme was used, pointing to environmental education as a response mechanism to the disorder imposed in the context of the risk society.


The charging and discharging currents were investigated in a synthetic melanin sample. The presence of long‐lasting dielectric relaxation was established. The steady state was reached after a long time, from 103 to 105 s, which depends both on temperature and voltage.


Damage spreading on the random graphs with power-law degree distributions is investigated using Glauber dynamics.By terms of the definition of the "survivors",we present a detailed analysis and classification for the different nodes(sites) of the network.Results show that the numbers of the survivors can also be used as an index of the phase transition of the damage spreading.The average site damage is introduced and the possibility that the average site damage could be used as a new measure for the damage spreading is discussed.It is shown that using the concepts of the survivors and the average site damage enables us to give an insight in the nature of the damage spreading in a more detailed way,compared to the regular Hamming distance method.


Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) is an important global leguminous crop, providing oil and protein and is considered as a source of complete protein. Soybean is infected by the pathogen at any stage of growth, which causes very rapid defoliation and frequently crop failure (Crispin and Gallegoes, 1963). Among the major diseases of soybean, aerial blight of soybean is important one, caused by Rhizoctonia solani. It is a destructive plant pathogen with an almost unlimited host range (Adams, 1988). Patel and Bhargava (1998) reported that symptoms generally appeared at flowering stage and increase with crop canopy and age of the plants. The disease also reduced shoot length, pod and seed formation, total number of seeds and seed weight. Yang et al. (1990) reported that a large number of diseased leaves with small circular lesions caused by microsclerotia in case of web blight but in case of aerial blight, leaf blight and defoliation were major symptoms. . It has wide host range, therefore, its management is always challenging under ecological sustainable agriculture farming system. Sharma (1996) evaluated the biocontrol fungi and bacteria against R. solani, following dual culture technique in laboratory conditions. The fungal bioagents viz. T. harzianum and T. viride, G. virens and some field isolates of Trichoderma species were found highly effective in parasitizing the mycelium of R. solani within 10 days. Talanca (1999) reported that in laboratory, Trichoderma spp. suppressed the growth of R. solani and Sclerotium rolfsii upto 62 and 25 per cent, respectively. Melo and Faull (2000) reported that Trichoderma is effective in the control of Rhizoctonia solani. ABSTRACT Different strains of Trichoderma harzianum, plant extracts, and essential oils were evaluated against the growth of Rhizoctonia solani the causal agent of aerial blight of soybean. The studies revealed that Th-2 strain of Trichoderma harzianum was the best in inhibiting the growth (86.7 %) of the pathogen R. solani, while least effective strain was Th-9 showed only 76.2% inhibition. Amongst the four plant extracts, Onion extract was found most effective in inhibiting (100%) the growth whereas Eucalyptus exhibited minimum inhibition (3.2%) in the growth at 20% concentration. Among the five essential oils tested; Mentha, Citronella and Peppermint showed 100% inhibition in the mycelial growth of the test fungus at both the concentrations i.e. 4μL and 8μL. The result concluded that the disease can be managed by using plant extracts, essential oils and biocontrol agents which are all ecofriendly ways to manage disease without any harm to environment and non target plants.


When the given variable frequency response specifications are complicated, variable one-dimensional (1-D) digital filters are very difficult to design. This paper proposes a new approach for solving the problem. The basic idea of the new approach is not to design variable 1-D filters directly, but simplify the design problem to an easier one that merely requires constant 1-D filter designs and multi-dimensional (M-D) polynomial approximations based on the newly proposed vector-array decomposition (VAD).


Logistic regression models are becoming widely used for modelling plant and animal distributions, but most studies ignore the spatial arrangement of the data and its effect on the models. One method of including this spatial information is presented, with reference to the distribution of Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill (mountain sorrel) in Britain. The advantages and disadvantages of explicitly modelling the autocorrelation in the data are discussed.


Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of children with large splenic hemangiomas accompanied with consumptional coagulopathy. Methods From Dec 2003 to May 2004, 2 children with large splenic hemangiomas and coagulational abnormality were admitted consecutively. Both of them were boys, aged 2.8 and 3.5 years old, respectively. Both of them had splenomegaly, and Patient 2 also had multiple bone hemangiommas(confirmed by biopsy before splenectomy) on addmission. Imaging studies failed to confirm the diagnosis of splenic hemangiomas. Both of them received 24 hours continuous subcutaneous injection of Nadroparin Calcium therapy and the coagulopathies were improved. Then, Patient 1 had splenectomy, and Patient 2 received Nadroparin Calcium therapy plus steroid and interferon therapy for 6 months, then also went to splenectomy. Results Both of the two patients had normal platelet counts and normal coagulation parameters just after their splenectomies. Histology studies confirmed the diagnoses of splenic cavernous hemangiomas. Before splenectomy, Patient 2 had a stable status for 6 months after he received Nadroparin Calcium therapy plus interferon and steroid therapy. Till March 31th, 2005, Patient 1 had disease free for 13 months, and Patient 2 had normal platlet counts and normal coagulation parameters for 5 month besides his stable multiple bone lessions. Conclusion Childhood large splenic hemangioma accompanied with consumptional coagulopathy is a rare disease, which can be cured by splenectomy. Before operation, it is necessary to improve the coagulation abnormality, and 24 hours continuous subcutaneous Nadroparin Calcium injection plus coagulation factors transfusion is effective.


School "turnaround" has received significant attention recently in education literature and policy action, especially as a means to dramatically improve urban education. In current common education usage, "turnaround" refers to the rapid, significant improvement in the academic achievement of persistently low-achieving schools. Employing a conceptual framework informed by research regarding school reform history, the school leadership fashion cycle, and paradoxes in educational innovation and reform, this exploratory study examines policy documents, foundation works, and empirical studies in considering the historical roots, current recommended practices, and outcomes to date of the turnaround reform movement. We present the results of our inquiry in the form of a series of vexing paradoxes that characterize the recent fervor for school turnaround at the same time they signal the promise and pitfalls of the reform idea. We conclude by examining implications for urban school policy makers and school-based leaders.


approved: ______________________________________________________ Katharine Hunter-Zaworski Wheeled mobility devices (WhMD) pose unique safety risks to users while riding public transportation. Unsecured or improperly secured WhMDs create safety concerns for other transit riders and operators. Tests using accelerometers and visual observations were conducted to understand how WhMD orientation and securement in articulated buses, streetcars, and light rail vehicles. These tests used manual wheelchairs and lightweight scooters. The rail study focuses on WhMD orientation. The rail research activity determined that longitudinal and side facing orientation for WhMD performed similarly but due to other on board safety factors longitudinal is the safer option. The bus study focused on the combination of vertical and horizontal roadway curvature and the effect on a rear facing passive containment system. The research determined that the passive rear facing containment system was appropriate when drivers maintained trained operating speed or lower while traversing the complex curvature. ©Copyright by Andrea Mather March 9, 2016 All Rights Reserved Wheeled Mobility Devices Performance and Passive Securement Systems by Andrea Mather A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of


In this article, we extend the result of Boltzmann on the characterization of collision invariants from the case of hard disks to a class of two‐dimensional compact, strictly convex particles.© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The footprinting of infants at birth is officially advocated in the October issue of the F.B.I. Law Enforcement Bulletin. Footprints of a newborn child, the article states, are preferable to fingerprints since the foot offers a relatively large plane area with less joint movement than the hand, and legible impressions are therefore easier to obtain. It is recorded that in two separate kidnapping cases the infant victims were identified by footprints taken at birth; a 2t year-old boy found drowned was positively identified in the same manner, and in the recent past the F.B.I. identified the body of a teenage girl murder victim by means of footprints from her birth certificate. It is not suggested, however, that a centralized file of these prints should be maintained; the fineness of the ridges and the limited gross pattern would make such an undertaking impracticable. Footprints, it is contended, should be maintained solely as part of official hospital records for possible use should a questioned identity arise.


An analysis of strategies, recognizable abstract patterns of planned behavior, reveals an enormous divide between the kind of planning that artificial intelligence planning systems do and the kind of strategic planning that people do. This paper describes a project to collect and represent strategies on a large scale to identify the representational requirements of strategic planning in order to inform the design of future artificial intelligence planning systems. Three hundred and seventy-two strategies were collected from ten different planning domains. Each was represented at an abstract level and in a preformal manner designed to reveal the planning concepts that each strategy contains. The contents of these representations, consisting of nearly one thousand unique planning concepts, were then collected and organized into forty-eight groups that outline the representational and functional components of strategic planning systems. Throughout its history, research on artificial intelligence planning systems has weathered criticism concerning the viability of these systems to solve real world problems. Persistence in this area has yielded algorithms that are both more scalable and more flexible, and there is growing consensus among researchers about what constitutes a real planning problem and how they should be solved [McDermott, 2000]. While this consensus has afforded new metrics for comparison between approaches, it has also had the unfortunate side-effect of underscoring the enormous divide between the kind of planning that computers do and the kind of planning that people do. To illustrate this divide, consider the planning that was done by a budding concert pianist with whom we recently spoke. During one of his early competitive performances his execution of a solo piano piece was derailed by an audience full of distractions, which included audible conversation, chair noises, and even the ringing of a portable telephone. Determined to avoid this problem in the future, he would purposefully cause distractions to occur during his practice sessions. By setting alarm clocks for odd times, turning on kitchen oven timers, and asking some friends to telephone him during certain hours, he became accustomed to surprise events during his performances, and learned how to ignore them. It would be difficult to argue that the reasoning done by this pianist was not planning-it is indeed an example of the use of a more abstract strategy for learning to ignore distractions during execution. This same strategy might also be useful for surgeons and soldiers, for whom distractions can be deadly. What is difficult …


Abstract The quality of pressed and sintered components or thermal sprayed layers is critically dependent on the properties of the constituent powders. Of these properties, flow behaviour and apparent density can be checked relatively easily, whereas the determination of chemical composition and of the particle size distribution is time intensive and costly; therefore the end user is often reliant on information from the supplier. A novel characterisation system combining a slide scanner with automatic image analysis software offers a rapid, low cost route to particle size analysis. Its performance is compared with results obtained from established sieving and laser scattering systems.


War II spurred the establishment of area studies programs in the US. In the case of Asia, these programs produced an Orientalist scholarship that was grounded in modernization theory. This article examines the major streams of Orientalist and anti-Orientalist scholarship in Korean historiography in the US. Orientalist historiography has tended to critique "internal development" theory, amounting to a revival of stagnation theory that had been propounded by Japanese scholars support by the government during the occupation period. Anti-Orientalist scholarship has used a variety of critical theories to overcome the limitations of modernization theory and to situate the I n t r o d u c t i o n By now, it should be no surprise to say that Korean Studies in the US is primarily a form of Orientalism. To the US, Korea has been a mysterious Other, marked by its diff e rence with the West. Such Orientalist views were apparent in missionary works and travelogues in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the very first book on K o rea was published in the US. They saw Korea as a strange barbarian land, as a "Hermit Kingdom" outside of history and cut off fro m the rest of the world, and it produced reactions ranging from fear to w o n d e r. In the Orientalist worldview, the mission of the West was to civilize and modernize Korea. Korean Studies in the US has changed much during the past one h u n d red years, but its underpinnings remain Orientalist (corresponding to Edward Said's distinction between "manifest" and "latent" Orientalism). As Said noted, Orientalism is not just a system of re p re s e n t a t i o n existing within Western "consciousness;" it is also an institutional academic discipline that is designed to serve American national i n t e rest. Area studies programs in US universities emerged aro u n d the time of World War II because of the need of intelligence agencies for information on enemy powers. After the war, the focus of these p rograms shifted to communism. Intelligence agencies or other state o rgans funded and, in some cases, set the re s e a rch agenda and supervised the hiring of faculty members in these programs. The 1 5 2 Major Trends of Korean Historiography in the US 1 . Edward W. Said, O r i e n t a l i s m (New York: Vintage Books, 1978), p. 206. 2 . Bruce Cumings, "Boundary Displacement: The State, the Foundations, and International and Area Studies during and after the Cold War," P a r a l l a x Visions: Making Sense of American-East Asian Relations at the End of the Century. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1999. dynamism of modern Korean history within the context of developments in the capitalist world system. objective was to create think tanks that would help to produce more e ffective foreign policy and business strategies. That is, area studies was supposed to contribute to maintaining and expanding American hegemony. In the 1950s and 60s, the importance of Korea paled in comparison to that of China and Japan. Nonetheless, the framework for area studies programs was well established before the g rowth of Korean Studies programs in the 1980s. A c c o rd i n g l y, Korean Studies in the US can be seen as an academic discipline for the production of knowledge on Korea in support of American national interest. While the demands of a gro w i n g K o rean American population in American colleges have also played an important role, the main impetus for Korean Studies has come f rom the needs of the state and the economy, both requiring certain kinds of knowledge about Korea. At any given time, the state of K o rean Studies in the US is a reflection of Korea's position within the world capitalist economy and of the strategic importance of K o rea in US foreign policy. Scholars in the US can be distinguished by their position toward this system, and Korean Studies in the US can be seen as a stru g g l e between those who support it and those who oppose it. Both sides contain diverse groups of scholars, but this division is a fundamental one. With the end of the cold war, conservative scholarship became more entrenched and strengthened within the US. But, at the same time, the problems and weaknesses of the area studies paradigm became more apparent, making it possible to critique it. Korean Studies in the US is going through a transitional phase as it experiences another period of growth. The next few years may be decisive to its future as the aftermath of 9-11 may close the critical space that opened up after the end of the cold war. To map out the possible futures for Korean Studies as a critically relevant discipline, it is important to begin with a reflection on its origins, as they are beginning to grow murky in myth as the pioneering generation of scholars in the US is retiring. Korean Studies in the US has become wide enough that it is impossible to cover, Michael D. Shin 1 5 3


Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) in anaerobic environments has serious negative impacts on the industry and economy. While cathodic polarization (CP) has been widely used to inhibit abiotic c...


A study is underway to evaluate the technical performance and economic attractiveness of linear induction-driven Heavy Ion Fusion (HIF) as an energy source for electrical power generation. This study is a cooperative effort of several national laboratories, universities, industrial contractors and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) under the leadership of Los Alamos National Laboratory. McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company, assisted by Titan Systems, Inc, has the responsibility to integrate the cost and performance models of the driver, reactor and balance of plant systems, evaluate different system options and assess the overall technical and economic performance of an HIF power plant. Individual system options have been designed and analyzed by the other participants in the DOE-sponsored parent study and are provided for system integration and evaluation. This paper describes the integration and evaluation effort for the HIF Systems Assessment. Specific areas discussed include, the definition of Systems Requirements, the development of Assessment Methodology, the characterization of System Options, the description of Systems Assessment Code, the assessment of Code Results, the ranking of System Options, the selection of Attractive System Options, and the determination of Preferred Operating Parameter Space. The initial study effort was to define the system requirements from the standpointmore » of the overall power plant. This was accomplished by establishing overall power plant performance goals and specifications. The plant was assumed to be dedicated only to electrical power production in the 2020 time frame enabling the study to look beyond developmental and startup difficulties. The net plant output was defined to be between 400 and 1500 MWe which would allow investigating the effect of plant size.« less


—It is usually difficult for travelers to travel from source to destination without any prior knowledge about the same, the fare prices, the amount of time required to reach there and other travelling factors. We have proposed a project to tackle these issues, all at once. Whenever a person wants to travel from a specific source to the destination, the person can input the data about source and destination so the web page will suggest them the possible shortest route based on traffic analysis. It will also suggest the traveler the most convenient transportation medium and the fare rates for the same. The travel distance factor is represented by the distance based fare strategy, which is an existing differential strategy. We also aim to provide the rainfall possibility because weather is also an important factor while traveling which sometimes aims to threaten the safety and time measures. So a reliable solution for rainfall prediction is also provided. This problem is formulated as a bi-level program, of which the upper level maximizes the social welfare and the lower level capturing traveler choice behavior is a variable-demand stochastic user equilibrium assignment model.


Soil and water are the most valuable natural resources to meet the basic needs of food,
feed, and fiber for human beings. However, conserving soil and water resources is a
growing challenge as they are under increasing stress to produce more food for the
ever growing population. The loss of soil surface layer, which contains most nutrients
and organic matter, reduces fertility. In addition, high runoff water causes moisture
stress in the later part of the season, leading to low and variable crop productivity
especially under rainfed conditions


Walter Benjamin wrote in his Theses in the Philosophy of History : 'Only that historian will have the gift of fanning the spark of hope in the past who is firmly convinced that even the dead will not be safe from the enemy [the ruling class] if he wins. And the enemy has not ceased to be victorious'. The British Marxist historians - such as Rodney Hilton, Christopher Hill, Victor Kiernan, George Rude, E.P. Thompson, Eric Hobsbawm - had that gift. Possessed with Marx's grand hypothesis that 'The history of all hitherto existing societies has been the history of class struggle', and committed to recovering the past 'from the bottom up', especially the experiences, struggles and aspirations of the working classes, the British Marxist historians refashioned the history of the making of the modern world in a critical and democratic manner. This essay reviews their collective contributions to historiography and political thought, and considers their intellectual legacy in view of the historical and political challenges of the Twenty-first century. The author recognizes that we will have to ask new questions of past and present and develop new means of connecting our labours to popular historical memory, consciousness and imagination; but he argues that - if we, too, are to 'fan the spark of hope in the past' contra those who would declare the end of history - we would do well to appreciate the gifts of the British Marxist historians.


ABS TRACT Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a fairly common lesion in the jaws aetiology of which is still completely unknown but thought to be of a reactive process to some unknown stimuli. CGCG is benign, nonodontogenic, and intraosseous lesion of the jaw and predominantly found in the mandible of young female patients with a variable clinical behavior. Histologically characterized by various numerous aggregations of multinucleated giant cells in fibrovascular stroma, hemorrhagic foci with hemosiderin pigments, and occasionally trabeculae of woven bone. CGCG of the jaw is usually unifocal. Therefore, multifocal CGCG is considered rare and strongly associated with several disorders. In this case report, the case of multifocal central giant cell which is seen an edentulous maxilla of a woman was presented. Literature review was also stated by using such keywords as granuloma, giant cell jaw and therapy that were used to review the related literature published between 1977 and 2014 in years PubMed.


The continuous discovery of new pathogens and the emergence of new transmission forms reveal a constant threat to public health. Added to that, climate change can to be an aggravating factor on pathogen transmission. Vector-borne infections represent a major public health challenge and however, we are only just beginning to understand the complexity underlying mosquito–pathogen interactions and how abiotic factors, as temperature affect these interactions. To understand better the temperature effects on vector physiology and its effects on mosquito-pathogen, we compared the transcriptome of mosquito midgut samples from mosquitoes exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) and non-exposed mosquitoes housed at three different temperatures (20, 28, and 36°C) during 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Initially, the quantification of viral RNA copy number does not show difference between 24 and 48 h post-exposure at 20°C, suggesting that ZIKV replication is limited by cold-induced changes to the mosquito midgut environment. Genes encoding proteins involved in blood digestion, ROS metabolism and mosquito immunity were the ones that showed the greatest change in expression at 20ºC. From these results, we hypothesize that temperature variation affects the blood digestion process, modulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the midgut. We show that temperature variation affects both the expression of genes involved in blood digestion and the rate of digestion. Additionally, due to temperature effects on ROS levels and the expression of antioxidant proteins in the midgut, lower temperatures (20°C) result in a longer state of oxidative stress when compared to other temperatures (28 and 36°C). Finally, alternative splicing events were investigate under different temperatures. Interestingly, among listed genes, we found Trypsin (TRY), Ferritin (FER), Thioredoxin (TRX) and Peptidoglycan recognition protein LC (PGRP-LC), genes previously shown to have their expression modulated by temperature. Our results reveal the physiological processes that are impacted by temperature variation and suggest how the immune response is modulated against Zika virus infection.Keywords: Aedes aegypti. Temperature. Zika virus. Transcriptome. Alternative Splicing.


Abstract The paper did some work to analyze the longevity risk of impaired lives with general chronic diseases. The work was based on the age-specific, time-specific and disease-specific data set which is from the underwriting data base, the Chinese healthy yearbook and the medical institution. After some analysis on the final data, the results showed that there was an obvious upward trend in morbidity and downward trend mortality. All the results can be used in the pricing process of insurance products for impaired lives. The paper also showed the pricing results of innovative life insurance products for impaired lives with diabetes. The conclusion means a good market chance for any insurance companies.


Reinforcement learning (RL) has seen tremendous success at solving a variety of problems ranging from industrial automation to games. This paper describes how existing programming languages can be augmented with new features so as to allow developers to exploit the power of modern RL algorithms and implementations.


Waiting to get a service is something that we often see or experience in everyday life. The phenomenon is referred to as a queue, where the stage of the series of queuing phenomena starts from the arrival of customers, waiting to be served (the server is busy) and leaving the queue when when they have received service. This queue occurs because the arrival rate is faster than the available service rate. This causes less than the maximum service provided to customers. The place of research in this study is at the Cigudeg Public Health Center, Bogor, West Java, with the time of the study being carried out on March 25, 2021 – April 23, 2021. The object in this study is the prescription queue that occurs at the medicine collection counter. As for the purpose of this study is to find alternative solution is by using the queuing theory analysis method. As for the result of this study, it can be concluded that the queuing system used by the Cigudeg Public Health Center is a single channel single phase with a queuing model ( M/M/1 ) : (GD//), which means that there is only 1 server at the counter. Therefore, there are still frequent queues of prescriptions at the counter. After analysis and calculation using the queuing method, a queuing model ( M/M/2 ) : (GD//) is obtained where the optimum number of servers obtained is 2 servers.


The physics experiment teaching can make how the students make use of the theories knowledge,experience method and experience technique to resolve science and technology problems.Science attitude is very important for students to establish a science atmosphere in the school,which is one way to improve the abilities of their analysising and solving problems.It is also indispensable for them to innovate and practice continuously;for students to pay more attention to physice experiments,experience examination is a kind of valid forcible step.


Session 1: Keynote presentation Chair: Dr Vanessa Higgins, UK Data Service Using the Mental Health of Children and Young People in England survey series to understand trends in child mental health: challenges and opportunities Dr Tamsin Newlove-Delgado, Senior Clinical Lecturer, University of Exeter and Honorary Consultant in Public Health Medicine with the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities The Mental Health of Children and Young People in England survey series illustrates the importance of regular and timely data collection in tracking trends and understanding need. Even prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, these surveys have been instrumental in answering fundamental questions about the state of children and young people's mental health. The series has since played a pivotal role in highlighting the striking and sustained rise in mental health problems during the pandemic. In this talk, Dr NewloveDelgado will provide an overview of the unique value of the survey series and present examples of the insights these data have provided, as well as challenges and opportunities. Dr Newlove-Delgado will also discuss how epidemiology can be responsive to changing contexts, including considering the needs of those who contribute their data and those who use data to improve policy and practice. Dr Tamsin Newlove-Delgado is a Senior Clinical Lecturer and Honorary Consultant in Public Health with the Children and Young People's Mental Health Research Collaboration (ChYMe) at the University of Exeter. She is an academic consultant on the NHS England Mental Health of Children and Young People in England survey series and co-leads the academic input to the survey consortium, having been involved with the series since 2017. Influenced by her clinical experience in child and adolescent psychiatry prior to entering public health, Tamsin's research concentrates on the mental health of children and young people, with a particular interest in the application of epidemiological methods for service planning. She currently holds an NIHR Advanced Fellowship, which studies time trends in child and adolescent mental health and mental health related service contacts (the CHANGES project). Session 2: Data updates Chair: Mari Toomse-Smith, National Centre for Social Research An introduction to the Active Lives Survey Doug Warren, Ipsos


gaged by his times than Henry David Thoreau, as "Civil Disobedience" and "The Last Days of John Brown" clearly indicate. Nevertheless, Thoreau struggled throughout his life to rid himself of his interest in human affairs and to achieve a serene aloofness from them. As part of this struggle, Thoreau turned to nature; the forty-seven manuscript volumes of his journal testify to the long and loving attention he gave it. For Thoreau, nature revealed spiritual truths and provided the sense of spiritual serenity he craved. According to Joan Burbick, whose interest is in Thoreau the observer, nature also provided him with an "alternative history" of human and natural events on the American continent. "Whether it was the Concord and Merrimack rivers, the Walden settlement, the Maine woods, or the shores of Cape Cod," Burbick declares, "each geography had a history that revealed new versions of the past. How to tell this new historical story, in which the history of nature and the history of human societies were realigned, was Thoreau's persistent dream" (10). Burbick's complex and penetrating study of Thoreau's "new historical story" is organized chronologically. She discusses in turn A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, the Journal of 1850 to 1854, Walden, Cape Cod, the Journal of 1857 to 1860, and the late nature essays, and she advances the thesis that


Abstract. This work applies the topology optimization technique to an acoustic-structure coupled system with periodic geometry constraint in order to obtain the optimal layout of the design domain for the minimization of the pressure frequency response in the acoustic fluid. The displacement-pressure formulation (u–p) is used for the finite element analysis of the coupled system and external harmonic excitations are applied in the system. The design domain of the coupled system is considered to be composed of identical unit cells. A periodic geometry constraint is applied in the design domain considering the fluid-structure interaction and the objective function. Appling the modified bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) technique to the system, the design domain is evolving towards the optimal topology of the unit cells through removing/adding material accordingly to the sensitivity analysis. The influence of the total number of unit cells composing the periodic structure and the aspect ratio of the unit cells are investigated in the minimization of the objective function. In order to show the capability and efficiency of the proposed formulation, two acoustic-structure systems are optimized for several cell configurations, different aspect ratios of the periodic unit cells and excitation frequencies.


Z540 drilling machining center is developed for the demand of the domestic high precision, mass and efficient production of small products, which is particularly suitable for multiple size group holes machining. Column is an important support of the drilling center, which has an important influence on the performance of the whole machine. By the finite element method, this paper improves the optimization design of column and the design efficiency, which is of great significance to improve the column's reliability and accuracy, also provides a theoretical and technical guidance for the structure design of similar parts.


This article investigates entanglement of the motional states of massive coupled oscillators.The specific realization of an idealized diatomic molecule in one-dimension isconsidered, but the techniques developed apply to any massive particles with two degreesof freedom and a quadratic Hamiltonian. We present two methods, one analyticand one approximate, to calculate the interatomic entanglement for Gaussian and non-Gaussian pure states as measured by the purity of the reduced density matrix. Thecases of free and trapped molecules and hetero- and homonuclear molecules are treated.In general, when the trap frequency and the molecular frequency are very different, andwhen the atomic masses are equal, the atoms are highly-entangled for molecular coherentstates and number states. Surprisingly, while the interatomic entanglement can be quitelarge even for molecular coherent states, the covariance of atomic position and momentumobservables can be entirely explained by a classical model with appropriately chosenstatistical uncertainty.


Child development ideologies have long informed early childhood education, shaping teachers' perceptions of children and their classroom practices through teacher education programs and education policies. Following the rise of post-developmental perspectives in the early childhood literature, the author uses a critical feminist lens to examine the gendered implications child development ideologies have had on teachers' perspectives and practices in a Canadian metropolis. Drawing on data collected in four preschool classrooms, the author argues that the preschool teachers' reliance on child developmental logics inadvertently perpetuated a patriarchal culture in their classrooms, as gendered power dynamics went unnoticed and unaddressed in children's play. The author concludes by exploring the possibilities that MacNaughton's concept of the feminist pedagogic gaze may afford early learning practices and future directions for research.


In a branching process with variable lifetime, introduced by Fildes (1972) define Yjk (t) as the number of particles alive in generation k at time t when the initial particle is born in generation j. A limit law similar to that derived in the Bellman-Harris process is proved where it is shown that Yjk (t) suitably normalised converges in mean square to a random variable which is the limit random variable of Znm–n in the Galton-Watson process (m is the mean number of particles born).


Measurement of the total antioxidant power of blood plasma may be useful in assessing overall antioxidant status.l? An automated method," the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (US Patent pending), permits the direct measurement of total antioxidant (reducing) power, with results obtained within a few minutes of separation of plasma. The type of anticoagulant used in blood collection has been reported' to influence plasma results using indirect tests of total antioxidant power, and heparin has been suggested as a possible 'enhancer' of antioxidant power. However, varying stability of antioxidant power in plasma after the addition of different anticoagulants does not appear to have been considered, and it is possible that the apparent 'enhancing' effect of heparin is caused by improved stability of the more reactive antioxidants, i.e., heparin may conserve rather than enhance plasma antioxidant power in vitro. Alternatively, anticoagulants may affect in vitro test results directly. In addition, studies of plasma total antioxidant power using indirect assays have reported a gender-related difference.'>' The aims of this study were to compare the total FRAP value of fresh, otherwise matching heparinized and ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA)-treated plasma samples, and to investigate male-female differences in the total antioxidant power of plasma samples from fasting individuals.


CONNECTOR FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE harness WITH THROUGH TERMINALS OF A FLANGE The present invention relates to an electrical harness connection terminals via the flange, wherein the connector comprises a terminal, a metal pin, an electrical cable and a ring seal. The connector has a plurality of male fastening elements arranged radially to the pin, the pin a channel for positioning the sealing ring in a bore in the lower end of the pin fixing the electric wire and a terminal fixed to the upper end of the pin. The terminal, in one embodiment of the invention, can be eliminated, and the end of the pin can be manufactured with a shape equivalent to the terminal. Description of prior art . Modern vehicles have a variety cable assembly, commonly known as harness, which has the function to connect an increasing number of electrical components, such as sensors, actuators, fuel pumps, fuel injectors. These whips need fixing devices and connections to traverse the physical space between the components to which they are linked. The development of flanges for fuel tanks, which among other functions is responsible for conducting the electrical current between the fuel module components and harness customer, in addition to restricting the output of the fuel inherent vapors, is a development subject to challenges characteristic. These challenges typically involve the risk of poor sealing, the risk of overheating elements due to electrical resistance generated by poor contact, the optimization problem of the internal space used, the planning element for easier assembly and repair, decreased time and the manufacturing cost of the connectors and also possibility of wide application in many automotive vehicles without major modifications needs. The prior art document US 5631445A relates to provision of a plug which is intended to conduct electrical current across the fuel component module through the flange and the electrical harness of the vehicle and also promote sealing of the transported fuel vapor inherent. The exposed plastic cables are fixed on the plug by plastic encapsulation. The plug is mounted on the flange through a through hole therein, wherein a sealing element, in this case an "O" ring is mounted between the flange and the plug to seal this interface preventing the passage of fuel and vapors into the environment external to the tank. In this document the plug free of cuts or amendments to the cables. This setting does not provide flexibility in relation to different types of equipment to be connected in and out of the fuel tank. In WO 9910206A flanges are presented sobremoldados the vehicle electric cable, having less specific applications that the document US5631445A, since the second seeks to solve the problems inherent in fuel tank seal. In both documents the molding flanges and connectors to cables meets the purpose of reducing the number of electrical contacts along the lash, however, this setting back restrictions when you want to reach a solution applicable to a larger number of commercial vehicles. It happens that long lashes with flanges and sobremoldados connectors have their use limited to the fulfillment of manufacture.


Introduction In panfacial injuries, a choice has to be made among different ways of intubation, especially when short-term airway management is desirable only for intraoperative management of a case in the presence of difficult oral and nasal airway access and frequent intraoperative dental occlusion. We report our experience with submental intubation as an alternative to tracheostomy in the airway management of patients with complex panfacial fractures. The aim of this article was to evaluate the outcome of airway management in patients with complex maxillofacial fractures by submental intubation, time required for intubation, accidental extubation and postoperative complications and to discuss indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of submental intubation. Materials and Methods Three patients of panfacial fractures who underwent submental intubation from May 2013 to December 2013 were reviewed, and no statistical analysis was used. Results At the end of the procedure, all three patients were extubated without any complications. Conclusion Submental endotracheal intubation is a simple technique with very low morbidity and can be used as an alternative to tracheostomy in cases of complex maxillofacial trauma.


Muhammadiyah known as the reform movement and modernists or reformers within the Islamic movement paradigm. Reform movement believed in the doctrine of perfection and comprehensiveness, but its actualization is not fixated on the structure or format of the legalformal less separation, but it more emphasizes on actualization of the values of Islam in an objective life. Islam in modernists paradigm or reformists is shown as a religion that is able to confront and give answers to the times without losing the foundation and basic principles of his teachings. Among the areas of work on the Muhammadiyah reform that stands out is education, socio-economic, and religious thought.


Toyota Financial Services (TFS), being part of a highly regulated industry needs to ensure that all risk manage-ment, governance process, and controls are in place to ensure compliance. This entails documenting all the business processes, definitions of their data elements, and connecting the defined data elements to the physical attributes in their various applications and databases. Furthermore, they need to document the lineage of the data to ensure that it is flowing correctly through their ecosystem. We, the members of the TFS Data Portal Project, built a portal where we can visualize data duly categorized that end users can use for visualization and solving their business problems. The portal would basically organize data by business areas such as Loan Origination, Insurance, Servicing, etc., and give the user ability to do a google like search for any data element which would bring up business definitions, physical attributes, data quality rules & profile and any related data associated with it.


Based on the analysis of the basic features of main mining layers,chemical properties and washability of raw coal,and market,this paper draws a conclusion that the high-ash raw coal in Yangliu Coal Mine must be washed in order to guarantee the product quality and determine the processing methods in Yangliu mine dressing plant.


Since a portrait implies the past, present and future presence of the sitter, a principal task of naturalistic portraiture is to overcome the limitations of space, time and mortality (West 11). This is especially pertinent with regard to official state portraits, particularly these of monarchs, which have the additional function of reproducing and preserving personified symbols of ubiquitous and undying authority (Woodall 8). Ana Miranda's historical novel, O retrato do rei (1991) aptly employs portraiture as a central expression of authority for a system, such as absolute monarchy, where power emanates from one human source. In Miranda's narrative a portrait of the Portuguese King, Joao V (1706-1750) also serves as a barometer of changing attitudes of early eighteenth century Brazilians toward their Portuguese overlords. As Miranda's novel represents Brazilian colonists' response to the reigning monarch's portrait--moving from initial reverence to eventual indifference--it portrays a decisive moment in Brazil's evolution towards independent nationhood. Given the prevailing limitations of communication of the early eighteenth century (travel to and from Portugal and its far flung colonies by sea), transmission of the Portuguese King's authority via written documents throughout its empire was slow, costly and frequently delivered in an untimely manner. While no faster a medium of communication than written texts, Ana Miranda's novel presents portraiture as an effective alternative to convey royal authority in a colony where literacy is far from universal. Rather than a fresh parcel of royal documents the new monarch, Joao V, has a portrait of himself sent to his Brazilian vassals as an affirmation of the latter's reign over his distant colony. The narrator's description of the portrait itself is sparse: "A imagem apareceu diante dos olhos maravilhados dos homens: um jovem de olhar pacifico e resoluto. Sob a pintura, a inscricao: Johannes Portugalliae Reges" (33). This focus on the portrayal of the monarch's "olhar pacifico e resoluto" echos Jean Paris's studies of portraitures of the powerful. As Paris has noted, portraits of Kings represented an all-knowing authority and control, characterized by their "commanding frontal stare" placed on a "blank background," presenting an "absolute look" in an "absolute space" (Paris 15). Deleuze and Guattari have also noted that face symbolism is the despotic regime's centralizing "master signifier" (Bogue 86). The Portuguese colonial empire of the eighteenth century was not despotic in the ancient sense referenced by the authors of A Thousand Plateaus. Nevertheless, under the "enlightened' absolute monarchies of early seventeenth century Portugal and its Western European contemporaries the king's person functioned as the embodiment of the state just as it had in ancient and medieval times. Like the kings of antiquity and the Middle Ages, the early seventeenth century absolutist monarch was the personification of power, with all politically important signs "registered on his frontal face," beaming "forth as the coded body of authority" (Bogue 83-84). In Miranda's novel the Governor of the Rio de Janeiro capitancy, Fernando de Lancastre, succintly summarizes this regime: "Os unicos limites do rei sao o proprio rei" (38). In O retrato de rei the King's portrait initially serves as a powerful simulacrum of authority that is categorically accepted as a proxy for the King's presence and power. While the royal portrait is tangible, consisting of canvas and paint, it emanates an invisible, quasi-mystical symbolic power that is essential to the maintenance of the relationship between metropole and colony. Reflecting the prevailing doctrine of the divine right of Kings, upon its arrival in Rio de Janeiro the Monarch's image is adored in a manner reminiscent of the Catholic reverence of the presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Governor Fernando de Lancastre declares: "Sabeis o que significa a presenca do rei no Rio de Janeiro? …


This paper assesses the moderating role of satisfaction, trust and brand image within implicit and explicit brand loyalty framework in mobile telecommunication services in Ghana. The proposed model was evaluated based on data from 338 consumers obtained from a cross-sectional survey. Partial least square (PLS) structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analysed data. The results show that implicit loyalty, comprising of cognitive, affective and conative, makes significant influence on explicit loyalty; the moderating role of satisfaction on this relationship was strongly supported while the role of trust and brand image were partially significant. This paper provides theoretical extensions to sequential loyalty models. Despite its contextual limitations, the paper implies that marketing managers need to develop marketing and loyalty strategies that result in better customer satisfaction, induce more trust in the brand and project the image of the brand high to build a stable customer base which is a core business asset.


Indonesia is a risk prone country from landslide disasters. The occurrence of landslides followed by the debris flow often make a lot of casualties and very terrible destructions. Accordingly, debris flow modeling of some Java landslides has been conducted in this study to determine run-out distribution characteristics of the debris materials. The concept of debris flow modeling is based on the equations of momentum, continuation, riverbed deformation, erosion/deposition and riverbed shearing stress. From this modeling, it has been indicated the best fit simulation results. In this case, run-out distributions of Pacet landslide at Mojokerto, December 12, 2002 has been properly modeled with a scenario of 0.4 viscosity value for around 5 minutes. At Sijeruk landslide, Banjarnegara, January 4, 2006 run-out distributions have been modeled using viscosity value of 0.45 for 14 minutes 51 seconds. Meanwhile, the modeling for Tenjolaya landslide at southern Bandung, February 23, 2010 with viscosity value of 0.38 shows time needed for debris materials to reach depositional area is estimated for around 12 minutes 37 seconds. From this study, debris flow modeling had given better understandings regarding flow track, velocity and distribution of debris materials from some debris flows in Java.


In the engine cylinder head,the cooling water holes around the combustion chamber are tiny and deep,so it is necessary to clean them at fixed point.The paper designs a new type of CNC tool nozzle structure that mainly include the tool holder and nozzle body,on the primary side of the nozzle,there are six blowholes which distribute with a certain angle,and they can clean the cooling water holes at fixed point.The new type of tools nozzle can enhance the cleaning effect,improve the optimal moving path,accelerate the production tempo and save the energy consumption.


This study reproduces the infection process of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in an agent-based model and compares the effects of multiple infection prevention and control measures for a tourism location. In this model, 3200 virtual resident agents live in nine areas where they commute to employment locations or schools and visit stores. This model simulates a spreading infection process, brought by a continuous influx of tourists. The experiments' results showed that an individual infection prevention measure alone or partially combined measures are insufficient. On the other hand, we confirmed that regular PCR testing for tourism business employees and an active epidemiological investigation are effective.


Documents delivery is one of the most important methods of information services and resources constructions of library in the new period.This paper sets forth the significances of documents delivery to document resource construction of university library,Takes the practice of documents delivery in the library of Xian university of Science and technology for example,analyzes the problems existing during the service of documents delivery and puts forwards some countermeasures to improve the services quality of documents delivery of university library.


In Japan, an ideal bodyweight (IBW) calculated by 22 × height (m)2 has commonly been used in the planning of medical nutrition therapy (MNT). However, there have been concerns regarding calorie deficits in fulfilling resting energy expenditure (REE) for patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing MNT as defined by 25 kcal/kg IBW/day. The objective of the present study was to measure REE in patients with type 2 diabetes and verify the validity of MNT with 25 kcal/kg IBW/day.


Embeddings of graphs on the torus are studied. All 2-cell embeddings of the vertex-transitive graphs on 12 vertices or less are constructed. Their automorphism groups and dual maps are also constructed. A table of embeddings is presented. 1. Toroidal Graphs Let G be a 2-connected graph. The vertex and edge sets of G are V (G) and E(G), respectively. E(G) is a multiset consisting of unordered pairs {u,v}, where u,v 2 V (G), and possibly ordered pairs (v,v), as the graphs G will sometimes have multiple edges and/or loops. We write the pair {u,v} as uv, and the ordered pair (v,v) as vv, which represents a loop on vertex v. If u,v 2 V (G) then u ! v means that u is adjacent to v (and so also v ! u). The reader is referred to Bondy and Murty [2], West [11], or Gross and Tucker [3] for other graph-theoretic terminology. An embedding of a graph on a surface is represented combinatorially by a rotation system [3]. This consists of a cyclic ordering of the incident edges, for each vertex v. Let v be a vertex of G, incident on edges e1,e2,...,ek. We write v ! (e1,e2,...,ek) to indicate the cyclic ordering for v in a rotation system. If some ei is a loop vv, then this loop must appear twice in the cyclic adjacency list (e1,e2,...,ek), because walking around the vertex v along a small circle in the torus will require that a loop vv be crossed twice. Thus, we assume that if ei is a loop vv, there is another e 0 in the list corresponding to the same loop vv. Since every loop must appear twice in the rotation system, a loop contributes two to the degree of a vertex. If ei with endpoints uv is not a loop, then it will appear in the cyclic adjacency list of both vertices u and v. Given ei in the list for u, the corresponding ej in the list for v is given by the rotation sytem. Figure 1 shows an embedding of the complete


A novel shell-and-tube heat exchanger with screw cinquefoil orifice baffles is designed to grasp the weakness of the traditional shell-and-tube heat exchanger with cinquefoil orifice baffles. It specifically enhances the heat transfer coefficient in the area between adjacent baffles and enhances the shell-side fluid flushing ability on bundles. In the proposed shell-and-tube heat exchanger with screw cinquefoil orifice baffles, screw-type cinquefoil orifice baffles are installed in the shell side. Shell-and-tube heat exchanger with screw cinquefoil orifice baffle is compared with shell-and-tube heat exchanger with cinquefoil orifice baffles and the traditional shell-and-tube heat exchanger with segmental baffles by means of numerical simulations. The numerical result shows that the heat transfer coefficient and shell-side fluid flushing ability in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger with screw cinquefoil orifice baffle is higher than that in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger with cinquefoil orifice baffles and shell-and-tube heat exchanger with segmental baffles, for the shell-side fluid that is urged to flow in approximately continuous helical flow. Under the same shell-side mass flow rate, heat transfer coefficient of shell-and-tube heat exchanger with screw cinquefoil orifice baffle is about 9.2% higher than that of shell-and-tube heat exchanger with cinquefoil orifice baffles and shell-and-tube heat exchanger with segmental baffles by about 5.4% on average. The article presents a novel design thought when researchers design heat exchangers.


Aim: BMSCs cultivation in vitro under three-dimensional (3D) dynamic conditions. Methods: a novel bioreactor system without shear stress acting on cells was developed by the combined use of collagen gel, hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) and air-lift loop bioreactor (ALB). During the expansion period, the cell growth curves were measured and after 7 days, the cell viability and morphology were assayed by fluorescence staining microscopically. Moreover, the BMSC characters of expanded cells were identified by specific expressions of CD29, CD34, CD44 and CD45 and by multilineage differentiation into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Results: the cultured BMSCs expanded about 17-fold under dynamic condition, 13-fold under static condition with the initial density of 5×105 cells·mL-1; after 7 days, the cells maintained high viability of about 92% and spread with a spindle appearance and long cell protrusions in gel; the expanded cells were CD29 and CD44 positive, CD34 and CD45 negative, and they could differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes; the cells expanded under dynamic condition spread more and showed stronger multi-differentiation potentials.


Nonfusion technologies in spinal surgery are continuously gaining popularity. New ideas are constantly being developed and turned into new products. Each idea has its own philosophy with the principle goal to maintain the motion in the treated segment. In contrast to total disc implants, nucleus implants are designed to preserve as many existing anatomical structures as possible, which include the annulus, the end plates of the vertebral bodies, and the ligaments. In theory, an optimum nucleus replacement should restore the mobility and reestablish the intact disc height, thereby restoring the nominal stresses and strains of the collagen fibers in the annulus. This seems to be a superior situation when compared with a disc left without augmentation following a discectomy. The origin of the idea to replace the nucleus goes back to the 1950s. The first idea was to fill the nuclear cavity with polymethyl methacrylate or silicon. The first mechanical nucleus implant was suggested in 1966 by Fernstrom, who implanted a stainless steel ball as a spacer into the disc. Since that time, a variety of solutions to replace the nucleus have been developed. These different ideas can be classified into three categories mechanical nucleus devices, polymer implants, and tissue-engineered nucleus implants. Like other implants, nucleus implants have to fulfill many mechanical and biomechanical requirements. Therefore, before being put into clinical practice, nucleus implants should be tested mechanically in static and dynamic tests. Aside from the mechanical challenges presented to the implant, the implant must reestablish the physiological biomechanics of a spinal segment. Therefore, biomechanical tests with the devices implanted into cadaveric specimens with respect to the surgical approaches for implantation should also be investigated in functional in vitro flexibility tests. Despite the evaluation and subsequent use of several of these implants in patients, some of them have not performed successfully enough to survive on the market. Depending on the type of device, expulsion or subsidence of the implant has been identified as a problem. Therefore, it became clear that aggressive testing is warranted. During in vitro testing, they can be subjected to complex cyclic loading with up to 100,000 load cycles. Some of the identified problems can be provoked with such in vitro tests and strategies developed to address the aforementioned issues. However, the ultimate arbiter of the implant's utility is not the biomechanical data, but rather it is still the clinical outcome. Disclosure of Interest None declared


This paper introduces novel research in aquaphotomics, extending the study of water–light interactions to the visible spectral range. This approach can potentially reduce the cost and increase the speed of spectral measurements, while providing additional information by extending the useful range in spectrophotometry. To demonstrate our method, we investigated the applicability of the visible spectral range for the quantification of NaCl dissolved in aqueous samples. Spectral measurements were conducted using a visible spectrometer in the range of 380–730 nm. The evaluation of molecular species concentration was based on multivariate analysis (MVA). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a separation of all groups of samples by salt concentration. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) model presented high accuracy and a relationship between spectral variables in the visible range and NaCl concentration in water. The validity of the regression model was confirmed through independent prediction of NaCl concentration values in test samples with unknown concentrations. The presented results demonstrate the success of the approach in evaluating concentration changes in visible light, and thus extend the measurable spectral range of such analysis.


The esterification of acetic acid with sec-butanol catalyzed by diphenylammonium methanesulfonate was reported. The effect of different factors, such as reaction time, the amount of catalysts and the mole ratio of sec-butanol to acetic acid on the yield of sec-butyl acetate was carefully studied. The experimental results show that the best reaction conditions are as the followings: when the amount of acetic acid is 0.1 mol, the mole ratio of sec-butanol to acetic acid is 1.4,the mass of catalysts is 0.8 g (3.2 mmol), cyclohexane as the water-carrying agent is 8 mL. By reacting 45 min, the yield of sec-butyl acetate reaches 95.7%. The product is colorless and transparent. The catalyst keeps high capability after five times reusing. The process is of the mild reaction condition, short reaction time, easy manipulation, and no waste of three kinds produced in the after-treatment. The product was characterized by IR.


1. Human hair treated with cold-waving lotions, hair bleaching lotions, synthetic organic hair dyes, or depilatories was hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid, and the hydrolyzed solution was submitted to amino acid autoanalyzer. Determined values of various amino acids were compared with the values of normal hair. A marked depletion of cystine and formation of cysteic acid were observed in the hair treated with cold-waving lotions, hair bleaching solutions, and synthetic organic hair dyes. Formation of cysteic acid was not observed in the hair treated with a depilatories but there was a marked decrease in cystine, with formation of a trace of methionine sulfoxide and methionine sulfone. 2. Amino acids formed by the decomposition of keratin when human hair is treated with cold-waving solutions or hair bleaching solutions were determined, both qualitatively and quantitatively, by amino acid autoanalyzer. Damaging effect of these solutions on the hair was proved by the dissolution of various amino acids.


Secondary Carcinoma in Bone Treated by Dienestrol.-R. H. METCALFE, M.D., M.Chir., F.R.C.S. Mrs. I. G., aged 65. History.-1944: Right radical mastectomy for carcinoma of right breast. 1947: First noticed small swelling on left forehead. Had no treatment of any kind. 20.3.51: Fell on stairs and sustained subtrochanteric fracture of right femur through secondary deposit (Fig. 1). Admitted to St. James' Hospital. Fracture treated by extension on Thomas's splint. The photograph (Fig. 2) shows condition and appearance of secondary growth involving left frontal bone on admission. X-ray (Fig. 3) clearly shows gross erosion of skull and superimposed shadow of tumour.


Obturator hernia is a very rare variety of pelvic hernia accounting for approximately 0.05-0.4% of all abdominal hernias[1].It is referred to as the "little old ladies hernia" owing to its prevalence in old frail ladies. The symptoms are non-specific and the diagnosis is often delayed. We recently managed an 83 year old lady who presented with intestinal obstruction due to an incarcerated left obturator hernia. She was diagnosed preoperatively with a contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen and operated successfully by laparoscopic surgery. The radiologist and clinician should be aware of this clinical entity as it most often presents very late (as in our case) and early diagnosis is imperative for successful management and better prognosis. ISSN 2639-0531


The majority of service providers have recognized the need to develop innovative services that meet sophisticated customer needs on time. Because of structural changes in the market, rising costs and shorter lifecycles of services and technologies this has become a more demanding task than ever before. Most of the existing research focuses on the development of products rather than services. However, research in service related innovation activities is highly rewarding, as the service market is about to become a dominant factor of economic development. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of interaction research with special focus on service marketing and service purchasing processes. A short presentation of the most important theoretical results and findings from empirical studies will be given. Furthermore, we will present results from our own case study investigating the IT Service industry. In this context, we have identified three different approaches of successful interactions between service providers and potential buyers during marketing and purchasing processes with innovative results. We will describe these approaches, show their similarities and differences and as a result, provide recommendations for the service industry and potential buyers.


We have used helium-3 nuclear reaction analysis to study the morphology of spin-cast blends of poly(9,-dioctylfluorene) (F8) and poly(9,-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) as a function of composition, casting solvent, and initial solvent concentration. In blends cast from toluene, a surface segregated layer is observed for a broad range of F8 compositions. The surface excess has a maximum of nm at an F8 volume fraction ϕ = 0.5, dropping down to –2 nm for ϕ = 0.2 and 0.8. The existence of such surface segregated layers could play an important role in charge transport in optoelectronic devices made from blends of conjugated polymers. Films cast from chloroform show negligible surface segregation. Scanning probe microscopy experiments show that films cast from toluene exhibit significant in-plane structure, in contrast to those cast from chloroform, which show minimal lateral structure.


The present invention is a method for producing a carbohydrate degradation products, to degrade lignocellulose oxidatively, also in order to separate degradation products from lignocellulosic feedstock, the lignocellulosic feedstock, hydrogen peroxide, alcohols, in particular C According to the present invention, obtained cellulose and the hemicellulose-rich material, in order to form a carbohydrate degradation products, cellulose and the hemicellulose rich raw materials, is treated with carbohydrate degrading enzymes.