The global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) provide an accurate three-dimensional positioning including the geodetic (ellipsoidal) height (h), which is, in most cases, must be transformed to the local/regional orthometric height (H) to have physically the desired meaning of the elevation above the national vertical datum (e.g., MSL (Mean Sea Level)). Usually, the local orthometric heights are determined based on the value of geoid undulation (N), which is obtained by methods of gravimetrical observations or derived by methods of interpolation utilizing the local geoid models (LGM). The current paper highlights one of the methods of generating LGM that is based on the geometrical relationship between the global datum WGS84 and the Iraqi datum Karbala 1979. The DGPS (Differential GPS) method is used to get the geodetic coordinates of about 97 selected points to cover the experimental area, within the boundaries of Erbil municipality, which has been partitioned into four parts. Therefore, four LGM were generated individually for each one of the four parts with an estimated uncertainty equal to ±0.076 m.


In Islamic banks, the disclosure aspect of corporate social responsibility is a form of obedience to Islamic law because it shows the benefits that the company provides to its environment. This study aims to determine how the comparison of social responsibility disclosure between sharia banks in Indonesia. This study refers to the theme of disclosure developed by Aribi and Gao (2010) with seven themes of disclosure.
This study use the annual report of Islamic Bank in Indonesia in 2014. This research using content analysis method. The results showed that Bank Syariah Mandiri has the highest score of corporate social responsibility disclosure. Meanwhile, Bank Victoria Syariah has the lowest score of corporate social responsibility disclosure.


Lifting aerodynamic configurations have been screened and selected for the Mars aerocapture mission that meet the geometric packaging requirements of the various payloads and the Space Shuttle cargo bay and provide the aerodynamic performance characteristics required to obtain the atmospheric exit steering accuracy desired. Hypersonic heat transfer and aerodynamic loads to the vehicle in the CO2 atmosphere are evaluated. Contemporary low-density ablative thermal protection materials were selected that met all the atmospheric entry requirements and provide a minimum mass solution. Results of the aerodynamic configuration and thermal protection materials screening and selection are presented. It is concluded that the aerothermodynamic design of the concept is feasible using state-of-the-art technology.


Last month we looked at a how-to guide to implement a remuneration strategy. This month we consider a case study to show the application of one of the frameworks for setting remuneration strategy.


This work is a continuation of a series of papers of two of the present authors [L3], [L4], [M1]–[M3], stimulated by work of Bloch [Bl]. In those papers we used the general theory of vertex operator algebras to study central extensions of classical Lie algebras and superalgebras of differential operators on the circle in connection with values of ζ–functions at the negative integers. In the present paper, using general principles of the theory of vertex operator algebras and their twisted modules, we obtain a bosonic, twisted construction of a certain central extension of a Lie algebra of differential operators on the circle, for an arbitrary twisting automorphism. The construction involves the Bernoulli polynomials in a fundamental way. This is explained through results in the general theory of vertex operator algebras, including a new identity, which we call "modified weak associativity." This paper is an announcement. The detailed proofs will appear elsewhere. More specifically, the present goal is to obtain a new general Jacobi identity for twisted operators, and for related iterates of such operators, extending the previous analogous results in the untwisted setting in our papers mentioned above. As a consequence we obtain twisted constructions of certain central extensions of Lie algebras of differential operators on the circle, combining and extending methods from [L3], [L4], [M1]–[M3], [FLM1], [FLM2] and [DL]. In those earlier papers we used vertex operator techniques to analyze untwisted actions of the Lie algebra D, studied in [Bl], on a module for a Heisenberg Lie algebra of a certain standard type, based on a finite-dimensional vector space equipped with a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form. Now consider an arbitrary isometry ν of period say p, that is, with ν = 1. Here we announce that the corresponding ν–twisted modules carry an action of the Lie algebra D in terms of twisted vertex operators, parametrized by certain quadratic vectors in the untwisted module. In particular, we extend a result from [FLM1], [FLM2], [DL] where actions of the Virasoro algebra were constructed using twisted vertex operators. In addition we explicitly compute certain "correction" terms for the generators of the "Cartan subalgebra" of D that naturally appear in any twisted construction. These correction terms are expressed in terms of special values of certain Bernoulli polynomials. They can in principle be generated, in the theory of vertex operator algebras, by the formal operator ex [FLM1], B.D. gratefully acknowledges partial support from an NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship. J.L. and A.M. gratefully acknowledge partial support from NSF grant DMS-0070800.


Our Galaxy's bar makes the Galaxy's potential distinctly non-axisymmetric. All orbits are affected by non-axisymmetry, and significant numbers are qualitatively changed by being trapped at a resonance with the bar. Orbital tori are used to compute these effects. Thick-disc orbits are no less likely to be trapped by corotation or a Lindblad resonance than thin-disc orbits. Perturbation theory is used to create non-axisymmetric orbital tori from standard axisymmetric tori, and both trapped and untrapped orbits are recovered to surprising accuracy. Code is added to the TorusModeller library that makes it as easy to manipulate non-axisymmetric tori as axisymmetric ones. The augmented TorusModeller is used to compute the velocity structure of the solar neighbourhood for bars of different pattern speeds and a simple action-based distribution function. The technique developed here can be applied to any non-axisymmetric potential that is stationary in a rotating from - hence also to classical spiral structure.


Modeling and simulation play an important role in transportation networks analysis. With the widespread of personalized real-time information sources, it is relevant for the simulation model to be individual-centered. The agent-based simulation is the most promising paradigm in this context. However, representing the movements of realistic numbers of travelers within reasonable execution times requires significant computational resources. It also requires relevant methods, architectures and algorithms that respect the characteristics of transportation networks. In this paper, we tackle the problem of using high-performance computing for agent-based traffic simulations. To do so, we define two generic agent-based simulation models, representing the existing sequential agent-based traffic simulations. The first model is macroscopic, in which travelers do not interact directly and use a fundamental diagram of traffic flow to continuously compute their speeds. The second model is microscopic, in which travelers interact with their neighbors to adapt their speeds to their surrounding environment. We define patterns to distribute these simulations in a high-performance environment. The first distributes agents equally between available computation units. The second pattern splits the environment over the different units. We finally propose a diffusive method to dynamically balance the load between units during execution. The results show that agent-based distribution is more efficient with macroscopic simulations, with a speedup of 6 compared to the sequential version, while environmentbased distribution is more efficient with microscopic simulations, with a speedup of 14. Our diffusive load-balancing algorithm improves further the performance of the environment based approach by 150%. IEEE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MAGAZINE • 145 • SPRING 2018 1939-1390/18©2018IEEE Matthieu Mastio, Mahdi Zargayouna, and Gérard Scemama Université Paris Est, IFSTTAR, GRETTIA 14–20, boulevard Newton, 77447 Champs sur Marne, France E-mail: {matthieu.mastio; hamza-mahdi.zargayouna; email@example.com Omer Rana School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Distributed Agent-Based Traffic Simulations Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MITS.2017.2776162 Date of publication: 19 January 2018 © IS TO C K P H O TO .C O M /B E R YA 11 3 High Performance Computing in Simulation and Optimization of Dynamic Transportation


At present, land resources have suffered such a heavy pressure that their ecological state and ecological situation became disastrous. Under conditions of the reformation of agricultural production and the reform of land relations, there are two opposing standpoints: an economic one that implies the production of maximum possible amount of agricultural produce and an ecological one according to which the protection of soil surface against degradation is of priority.
The situation in Luhansk region in war years makes us review the whole structure of the regional economy by optimizing the structure of land use, particularly in the sphere of agrarian production.
The situation in the agro-sphere of Luhansk region has reached a critical state: the areas of eroded lands are growing as well as the areas of salty, alkalized soils, waterlogged and man-made polluted soils, resulting in the land degradation. Therefore it is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to restructure agricultural land fund that conforms with one of the aspects of the land reform that was initiated after the restoration of the independence of Ukraine.
It is necessary to review the structure of cultivated areas to the advantage of erosion resistant agricultural state of the soil. The most erodible areas are those under black fallow and cultivated crops, therefore it is necessary to regulate the structure of cultivated lands taking into account natural conditions.
The most essential ways of optimization of agricultural land use in Luhansk region that will provide the improvement of the fertility of soils with a different state of erosion are soil protecting treatment, phytomelioration, irrigating melioration, contour organization of the territory and other agro-technical measures.
The lands, that should be removed from intensive usage, may and should perform new social-economic and ecological functions, that is serve as forage grasslands, recreation and natural reserves, etc.
Along with that, it is reasonable to recover some traditional but unduly forgotten branches of agriculture in Luhansk region (horse-raising, bee-keeping, fishing) and at the same time to refuse from pursuing high yield at any cost. Thus, it is necessary to protect land resources in order to provide future generations with them and in this way to provide the agrarian sphere of Luhansk region with sustainable development.


Since the delineation of T helper subsets in murine systems [1] and parallel differences in human adults [2], the processes which lead to either atopic (Th2-like) or nonatopic (Th1-like) responses to allergens have become a research priority. With escalating rates of allergic disease, identification of early causal pathways is essential for determining avenues of gene/environmental interaction and targets for disease prevention. Most immunological studies in humans are limited to in vitro functional studies of cells derived from peripheral blood. This provides a very restricted `viewing window' of the complex immune internet in vivo, and it remains important to recognize these limitations. Peripheral blood gives limited information about the immunological events initiated at mucosal surfaces, which appear central to immune development and disease expression. Despite this, studies of peripheral and cord blood have provided valuable information about the early immunological processes that lead to atopic disease. These studies include assessment of both polyclonal and allergen-specific mononuclear cell responses at different ages. As well as clear differences in established responses, there is accumulating evidence of early developmental differences in atopic individuals. This includes apparent immaturity of postnatal development as well as a number of pre-existing abnormalities at birth. Relative immaturity of polyclonal Th1 responses at birth is one of the most consistently observed abnormalities in neonates who are at risk of atopy (positive family history) or who later develop atopic disease [3±7]. Preliminary studies indicate a direct role of maternal atopy in neonatal Th1 dysfunction [8]. Further delay in Th1 maturation in the postnatal period has also been associated with atopy [9]. It has been proposed that this leads to the failure of normal postnatal `Th1-driven immune deviation', and persistent allergen-specific Th2 responses [10]. Longitudinal studies of allergen-specific responses in the first 2 years of life support this [11], and also indicate that differences in postnatal maturation are evident within a few months after birth. While initial immune responses normally reflect the Th2 milieu of pregnancy [12], these are short-lived in nonatopic infants [11], but appear to persist in infants with documented Th1 immaturity at birth. Antigen presenting cell [APC] immaturity may be implicated in Th1 dysfunction [10], and there is indirect evidence that APC costimulation is defective in neonates at high risk of atopy [13]. This may affect the capacity to initiate Th1 responses to allergens in the early postnatal period. In the absence of mature APC signalling the default response appears to be Th2 differentiation [14]. Studies to determine the role of APC in allergy pathogenesis are ongoing. There is evidence of additional immunological immaturity in neonates at high atopic risk, including reduced capacity for many other cytokines (including Th2 cytokines) [15,16], and reduced expression of cytokine receptors CD34 on cord blood progenitor cells [17]. The role of these functional differences is also the subject of ongoing studies. Allergen-specific responses in the postnatal period appear to correlate with levels of early environmental exposure (reviewed in [18]). Smillie et al. (in this issue) have also shown a significant relationship between house dust mite (HDM) levels and the magnitude of lymphoproliferation at one year of age [19]. In the first years of life, infants at risk of atopy also appear to produce stronger Th2 cytokines in response to allergens [20]. This suggests that the genetic and environmental factors that promote atopy exert an influence in very early life. The significance of allergen-specific responses in cord blood has been more controversial. Kondo et al. were the first to describe food allergen-specific mononuclear cell responses at birth [21]; a period of life when the immune system was considered `naõ Ève' to allergens. They and others have observed that allergens evoke higher lymphoproliferative responses and lower Th1 (IFN-g) responses in neonates who later developed allergic disease [21±23]. Positive allergen-specific `memory' patterns of lymphoproliferation have been noted subsequently by many other groups using different culture systems [6,16,24]. It was postulated that these responses to food allergens at birth may represent clonally expanded cell populations activated by food allergens crossing the placenta. Early studies in rodents [25], which demonstrated transplacental passage of maternally ingested food allergens to the fetal circulation and amniotic fluid, supported a similar process for `in utero priming' in humans. This however, remains unproven despite evidence of allergen transfer across the placenta in humans [26]. The demonstation of responses to inhalant allergens by cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) [16,27,28] raised


Transparent conductive oxide thin films of Al-doped ZnO grown by rf magnetron sputtering were irradiated with high energy electrons with the energy 12.6 MeV and fluence 5·10 14 e/cm 2 . The films were produced using different sputtering powers. It has been shown that electron irradiation creates defects that lead to distortions of the crystal lattice, which results in reduced crystallinity of the films. Also, it leads to film heating that results in radiation annealing and relaxation of the lattice.


The efficiencies and photofractions for monoenergetic garnma raps incident on sodium iodide (thallium activated) crystals have heen calculated by the Monte Carlo method. The calculations have been carried out for broad parallel-beam sources, point sources on the crystal axis, and disk sources, all for photon energies of 0.279, 0.861, 1.33, 2.82, and 4.45 Mev. The crystals considered were right circular cylinders with radii of radius, heights of 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 inches. The effect of the escape of annihilation gammas from the crystal was taken into account in the Monte Carlo calculation; however, no correction was made for escape of bremsstrahlung from secondary electrons and positrons. This latter correction is of importance only at the largest energies and for the smallest crystals where it affects the photofractions by a few per cent. (auth)


Spirit has often been separated from body and mind and treated as not amenable to scientific study. A big influence in this regard was Ludwig Wittgenstein who, in 1922, came to the conclusion that the language of science was not able to talk about the mystical, saying, "There is indeed the inexpressible. This shows itself; it is the mystical" (p. 90). With the development of the science of the human mind and human relationships, spirit is perhaps becoming more amenable again to study. Alexander Lowen (1988) brought the concept of "spirit" under scientific and therapeutic observation through the concept of bio-energy, working with the body as well as the mind. Donald Winnicott (1953, 1960), through the idea of transitional phenomena, placed the language of the mystical in a psychodynamic and scientific context. Alan Schore (2012) has provided a neurophysiological way of talking about how the unconscious process contributes to human development through relationship. Patanjali's Yogasutra, compiled 2,000 years ago, covers similar ground in a way which remains useful and relevant and which helps in understanding the distinction between mind and body and spirit.


Cognitive flexibility studies are being handled and studied in a multidisciplinary manner day by day. In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between leisure time boredom and cognitive flexibility of the students of the faculty of sports sciences. The "leisure boredom scale" adapted to Turkish by Kara, Gürbüz and Öncü (Kara et al., 2014) and the "Cognitive Flexibility Scale" adapted to Turkish by Altunkol (Altunkol, 2011) were evaluated as data collection tools. The universe of the study consists of the students of Atatürk University Faculty of Sports Sciences. Sample; It consists of 188 people, 100 men and 88 women, using simple random sampling technique. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the students who preferred individual activities experienced less leisure time boredom compared to the activities performed in teams. However, the increase in the frequency of participation in recreational activities indicates that the scores of individuals regarding the perception of leisure boredom decrease. Students who are thought to have cognitive flexibility were expected to have low leisure time problems and the hypothesis was positive. It can be said that there is a positive relationship between the satisfaction obtained in leisure time and cognitive flexibility, and that individuals with cognitive flexibility can overcome their leisure time problems.


Objective To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the general population in China and research on the predictive factors of HRQoL by using the short form 36 item (SF-36) questionnaire. Methods Using large sample data of health status cross-section survey from general population of nine provinces and municipalities (Jiangsu, Anhui, Gansu, Qinghai, Fujian, Beijing, Jilin, Jiangxi and He'nan) from December 2005 to January 2007,8448 samples in accord with sample data from 1% nationwide population survey in 2005 were randomly selected with sex and age structures, which could representative the general population of China. The relationship between HRQoL score and socio-demographic characteristics,behavior and health-related factors were studied by using variables single factor analysis,and found out the predictive factors of HRQoL by using multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results All sub-scales scores were similar trend of change between Chinese general population and Hong Kong general norm. Single factor analysis showed that the decreasing of HRQoL score was related with sex, age, marital status, education level, occupation, sleep time, exercise habit, body mass index and past history of chronic disease. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that there were differences among significant predictive factors of each domain of SF-36;in all eight domains, the first six significant predictive factors have twelve indexes. Among them, the predictive factors of age increase, low-level exercises, past history of chronic disease, farmers, inoccupation people, students,women, less sleep time and low weight leaded to the decrement in HRQoL score, married and higher education were protective factors for HRQoL. Conclusion Age, sex, marital status, education level, occupation, sleep time, exercise habit, body mass index and past history of chronic disease were the predictive factors for HRQoL.

Key words:
Health-related quality of life; SF-36; Multiple stepwise regression analysis; Predictive factors


1 or the particle arrester ring beyond that is attached to the curved radial flow section of the gas turbine annular channel. Arrester ring blocks the line of vision path between the turbine wheel and the annular channel outlet. Arrester ring is relatively high energy particles is substantially prevented from exiting the gas turbine housing. Accordingly, substantially prevents collateral damage to surrounding equipment and structures, and / or to avoid falling into vibration induced fatigue failure, and / or does not increase the size envelope of the starter turbine.


The photochemical deposition (PCD) technique was applied for solar cells and gas sensors. CdS and Cd1−xZnxS were deposited by PCD. Thiosulfate ions S2O32− act as a reductant and a sulfur source. The SnS absorption layer was deposited by three‐step pulse electrochemical deposition. For the CdS/SnS structure, the best cell showed an efficiency of about 0.2%, while for the Cd1−xZnxS/SnS structure, an efficiency of up to 0.7% was obtained. For the gas sensor application, SnO2 was deposited by PCD from a solution containing SnSO4 and HNO3. To enhance the sensitivity to hydrogen, Pd was doped by the photochemical doping method. The current increased by a factor of 104 upon exposure to 5000 ppm hydrogen within 1 min at room temperature. 103 times conductivity increase was observed even for 50 ppm hydrogen.


We characterized threading screw dislocations to investigate the influence on device performance. The Burgers vectors of the threading screw dislocations (a total of 28dislocations) in 4H-SiC were determined by large-angle convergent-beam electron diffraction. A new type of TSD, b=c+2a dislocation was identified. And all of the four types of TSD predicted were identified. The frequency of their occurrence observed experimentally is in good agreement with theoretical prediction. In addition, we investigated relations of Burgers vector and the dislocation line direction.  It has been confirmed that the Burgers vector of TSD does not necessarily coincide with the direction of dislocation lines. Looking ahead, we need to investigate how the angle between Burgers vector and dislocation line influence device performance.


The deposition of light as well as heavy rare earths from aqueous solution has been investigated. The gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium amalgam could be electrolytically produced in lithium citrate electrolyte. A generally regular variation in deposition percentage with atomio number from La~(3+) through Eu and a disoontinuity at Gd~(3+) (the gadolinium break) are noted. The deposition percentage of samarium, europium and ytterbium is the highest while that of neighbour rare earths in odd atomic numbers is higher than those in even numbers. It is shown from the dependence of the deposition percentage of lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium and ytterbium on pH of four different electrolytes that: it is possible in quaternary ammonium citrate electrolyte to separate ouropium from lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium and ytterbium, praseodymium and neodymium from lanthanum, samarium and ytterbium, lanthanum from samarium and ytterbium; in quaternary ammonium sulfosalioylate electrolyte to separate europium from lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium and ytterbium, samarium and ytterbium from praseodymium and neodymium. The preparation of rare earths amalgams and the separation between light and heavy rare earths are more available in lithium citrate electrolyte. The praseodymium and neodymium may probably separate from lanthanum, samarium, europium and ytterbium in lithium sulfosalioylate electrolyte. The pH 4 conditions in which the ratio of the composition Ln~(3+): SSA~(3-): Li~+ is equal to 1:x:6areavailable for the scparation of praseodymium and neodymium. The step electrolysis may be used for the separation purpose.


Fracture toughness tests were carried out using different Zr composition in Zr-Cu-Al based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and heat-treated those just under the glass transition temperature (Tg) in order to examine the effects of Zr composition and heat-treatment on the fracture toughness (KQ; fracture toughness including the values under unsatisfying the plane strain condition). Zr50Cu40Al10, Zr55Cu35Al10 and Zr60Cu30Al10 BMGs fabricated by a tilt ark casting method were used. Heat-treatments were done for 90 minutes just under the Tgs of each BMG. Tests were conducted based on ASTM E399. Compact type specimen was used (thickness=2.3, 2.0 mm, thickness : width=1 : 4). Fatigue pre-crack was induced under ΔK less than 6 MPa•m1/2 by a servohydraulic fatigue machine and the fracture toughness test was done by using the same machine. The KQ dominantly increased with increasing the Zr composition. The KQ in heat-treated BMGs decreased in comparison with that in unheat-treated BMGs in all Zr composition. In the BMG of the high Zr composition, however, the decrease was small after heat-treatment, and the KQ showed enough high values. In heat-treated BMGs, the dispersion of KQs did not become small, but fatigue pre-cracks were induced more vertical against the loading axis and less bifurcation than those in unheat-treated BMGs.


roxiciry. the absence of mensurable release of histamine, rhc un hmired frequent repetirion possiblc. rhe lack of darnage to rhc personncl by anaesthcnc gases and the safety and simplicity of rhe anaesthesia.


We have studied the complete electrodynamical response of the model charge-density-wave compounds ${\mathrm{K}}_{0.3}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{W}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (x=0 and 0.015), (${\mathrm{TaSe}}_{4}$${)}_{2}$I and ${\mathrm{TaS}}_{3}$ by combining various optical experiments conducted in a broad spectral range. Our analysis leads to two distinct resonances in the dc to far-infrared (FIR) spectral range. We argue that the first resonance, at the so-called pinning frequency, is due to the oscillatory response of the collective mode and suggest that the FIR optical mode is due to a bound collective-mode resonance, analogous to bound phonon states in semiconductors. We discuss a simple phenomenological approach, based on a Clausius-Mossotti-type model, and evaluate the parameters that characterize the FIR mode.


Facing of increasingly serious resource and environmental constraints, the adoption of green technology has become the key to driving the green production transformation of farmers under the constraints of environmental regulation. Whether environmental regulation can improve the adoption of green technology in breeding industry still needs to be further tested. Based on the survey data of 544 pig farmers in Sichuan, Shandong, Henan and Hebei provinces, this paper first measures the adoption degree of green breeding technology by using the coefficient of variation method. Then, the econometric model is used to empirically test the relationship between environmental regulation and farmers' adoption of green technology. The results show that: firstly, environmental regulation can improve the adoption of green technology by farmers; Economic incentive regulation and educational guidance regulation can significantly improve the adoption of green technology by farmers from the perspective of environmental regulation. Secondly, environmental regulation has different effects on the adoption of green technology of different attributes of farmers. Its effect on the adoption of resource utilization technology is higher than that of harmless treatment technology and higher than that of reduction technology. Different dimensions of environmental regulation have different effects on the adoption of green technology by farmers with different attributes. Thirdly, the impact of environmental regulation on the adoption of green technology by different scale farmers is different, and its impact on high-scale farmers is more obvious. At the same time, different dimensions of environmental regulation have different effects on the adoption of green technology by farmers of different sizes.


Nobody has influenced my scientific life more than Bob Floyd. Indeed, were it not for him, I might well have never become a computer scientist. In this note, I will try to explain the reasons behind these statements and to capture some of the spirit of old-time computer science. Instead of attempting to reconstruct the past using only incidents that I think I remember, I will quote extensively from actual documents written at the time things happened.


This paper uses a limited scope to present an explanation of how quantum jumps prevent quantum mechanics from being a fundamental theory, and this paper explains how Einstein's theory that radiation conveys inertia between the emitting and absorbing bodies plays a critical role in the
 presented explanation.


Linking postpositions combine words, phrase and sentences, and make contacts between sentences in terms of form and meaning. Linking groups are defined as phrases consist of two or more nouns which are combined with linking postpositions. Some of the researchers included sentences combined with linking postpositions into linking groups through direct or indirect explanations. According to some other researchers linking groups can be defined as groups in which noun elements are combined with linking postpositions. In the present study, linking groups being a kind of word groups are dealt with, the conditions of sentences', combined with linking postpositions or conjunctions, forming linking groups are evaluated.


This report defines the several types of roll-over events from a simple upsetting of the vehicle (one-quarter of round) or to the vehicle making one or several complete rolls. The issues of restrained vs unrestrained occupants is discusses as is the problem of occupant ejections. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Impact Trauma. Berlin, Germany. 7,8,9 September 1977 Language: en


This article analyzes a single bankruptcy case—Hancock v Halliday (1742–1752)—as it was litigated in the Court of Chancery across a ten-year period. By incorporating local sources, the work attempts to move away from assumptions surrounding the "implicit contract" of family, and to provide a more nuanced analysis of "family strategies" in action. I argue that business historians—looking at networks—and economic and social historians—analyzing the use and implementation of credit—should continue to explore the divisions within families, which will help to reemphasize the role of women within business transactions and the wider credit-based economy. Ultimately, this article makes a significant contribution to the burgeoning scholarship on the negative aspects of familial networks of credit and debt, demonstrating how the complex and multifaceted nature of family indebtedness has been overlooked, and misunderstood, in the existing literature.


The invention discloses red printing ink for wash label printing, which comprises the following components according to mass percent: 0.8% of C.I. acid red 52, 0.7% of C.I. acid red 289, 16-19% of diethylene glycol, 6-9% of triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 0.4-0.5% of surfactant and the balance of deionized water. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the red printing ink for wash label printing. A pattern printed by the red printing ink prepared by the method is good in quality, unlikely to bleed, free of bur and good in fastness to rubbing, and the pattern has certain light fastness.


The results of electrical conductivity measurements on ZrO2:16%Sc nanocrystalline thin films under controlled oxygen partial pressure and temperature are presented. The experimental data have been interpreted using a defect model, which describes the interaction between Sc and oxygen vacancies resulting in the formation of donor - (Sczr'- Vo' - e)x and acceptor - (Sczr h)x levels. From this the electronic and ionic contribution to the electrical transport has been determined and correlated with the band structure. These results suggest that ZrÛ2:16%Sc possesses higher electronic conductivity than ZrO2:16%Y, which dominates the total conductivity in reducing atmospheres. under different oxygen partial pressure. However, there is a lack of data related to such characterization. Only one investigation has been published where the electronic conductivity for ScSZ was determined from a coulometric titration study (8). The results showed a significant contribution of electronic conductivity at low oxygen activity (<10'25atm) and high temperatures, over 900°C.


Organizations are tending to switch over from their legacy system to modernised information system now-a-days. A successful implementation of IS or ERP system is extremely important to future competitive strategy of an organization, but on the other hand the measurement such system's success is equally important and challenging task to any organization. The goal of success measurement model is to better evaluate, plan and implement ERP projects and help senior managers make better decisions. This paper presents review of all popular models. An attempt is also made here to highlight dimensions of various models, which will ultimately help to understand unique characteristics of these models. At the end of this work authors have tried to distinguish success factors and success indicators. Understanding of success factors and success indicators will help organisations to adopt appropriate implementation strategies leading to success of any IS or ERP system.


This paper is based upon a case study. Gillard Associates completed the refurbishment of the first of three 1960's student accommodation blocks at Atlantic College, Wales in late summer 2008. The refurbishment was predicted to possibly achieve Code for Sustainable Homes level4, through the use of a combination of Archicad BIM and Ecotect Building Performance simulation software.The Cardiff School of Art and Design (CSAD) have now acquired re-deployable instrumentation with the intent of monitoring the refurbished accommodation through a complete cycle of seasons, in comparison with one of the existing blocks, and with the predicted results from the simulation process. CSAD intend to build upon the model of the 'Live Studio' learning case study that incorporates real time data from the building management system sensors and weather station. We argue that there is a lack of useful seasonal case study data for practitioners to calibrate their simulations, and for learning by students.


Analysis of allele-specific gene expression (ASE) is a powerful approach for studying gene regulation. However, detection of ASE events relies on accurate alignment of RNA-sequencing reads, where challenges still remain. We have developed PAC, a method that combines multiple steps to improve the quantification of allelic reads, including personalised (i.e. diploid) read alignment with improved allocation of multi-mapping reads. We show that PAC outperforms standard alignment approaches for ASE detection in both accuracy and in the number of sites it can reliably quantify.


The effect on the feeding of Paridea angulicollis Motschulsky larvae and adult was studied at different temperature rates,the result indicated that the maximum feeding amount of larvae and adult was detected at 26 ℃.The feeding amount of the larvae was 9.99 mg,the daily feeding area of the female and male were 60.51 mm2 and 55.28 mm2,respectively.Less appropriate temperature was 23 ℃ and 29 ℃.The feeding of the larvae and adult was suppressed at the high or low temperature.Compared with the larvae,the leaf area of the adult consumption influenced obviously by temperature,the leaf area of the female consumption was greater than that of the male.The models between the temperature and the daily consumption leaf area for the adult male and female were constructed.


Chapter 3 offers a case study of the thirteenth-century scholar Roger Bacon, who contrasted the terms lingua and idioma in a way prefiguring the later language/dialect distinction. Bacon was able to do so because of his exceptionally broad intellectual and linguistic horizon; he was familiar with English, French, Latin, Greek, and other tongues, as well as the regional variation within some of them. His mastery of Greek in particular was unique in his times. His linguistic outlook was a central precondition and a triggering circumstance for his lingua / idioma distinction. Bacon was in good company, since the renowned philosopher Thomas Aquinas presupposed a similar metalinguistic contrast in his exegetical works; yet Thomas was much less explicit about it. Chapter 3 finishes with a brief exposé on biblical exegesis as an overlooked source for ancient and medieval ideas on regional variation.


The assembly (11) comprises a partitioning arrangement (29) delimiting an internal volume (19) for storage of objects and a strap (21) for holding at least one object in the inner volume (19). It comprises releasable fastening means of the strap (21) on the partitioning arrangement (29), these means comprising a fixed part (27) integral with the arrangement (29) and a portion of the retaining strap (25A ) .The strap (21) has a variable active length and comprising means (65, 67) for adjusting its length active.Application automotive vehicle trunks.


The trinomial of the scope, quality, budget and timeline, is an objective by excellence, pursued by those with an active role in the production process, to which the construction sector is no stranger. The ideal is to ensure the satisfaction of the three parameters/variables, by those who seek construction services: Project Owner. Why the Scope is not reached! The causes are divided in two levels: insufficient training, rooted in the Sector, that favours informality; and, lack of data to understand the causes, resulting in no definition or application of corrective measures (good practices guides). The focus of this article is the 'small endeavours', managed by: (1) Real Estate Developer, in control of the different phases, from municipal licensing, through the project and construction license, the remaining will be undertaken by a Builder or Investor, for subsequent sale; or (future) Owner without control of the initial decisions; the concerns of the latter are bound by the binomial Timeline and Budget; or, (2) P.O., from the outset, take control of all phases, always faithful to his idea of the Scope; introduces adjustments and changes defending his point of view or interest without the perception of the real impact of those on the overall satisfaction, focused on the fulfilment of quality achieved.


The utility model discloses a full-automatic binding and bundling device of a re-drying carton for tobacco. The full-automatic binding device comprises a transmission frame, wherein the transmission frame is provided with a plurality of parallel transmission rollers; one side of the first end of the transmission frame is provided with a binding machine; on the other side of the first end of the transmission frame, the frame body of the transmission frame is provided with a counting sensor; the end part of the second end of the transmission frame is provided with a bundling machine of the re-drying carton for tobacco; and between the binding machine and the bundling machine, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), a first position sensor, forward/backward sorting equipment, a second position sensor, leftward/rightward sorting equipment and a third position sensor are arranged in sequence from the first end of the transmission frame to the second end of the transmission frame. The full-automatic binding and bundling device is particularly suitable for a production system of the re-drying carton for tobacco, and has the advantages of capabilities of realizing automatic control over binding, sorting and bundling of the re-drying carton for tobacco, improving the working efficiency and lowering the production cost, high automatic degree, high processing efficiency, stable work, safety, reliability and the like.


The invention discloses a method for data exchange in a virtual advertisement system. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, acquiring high-definition HD-SDI video streaming data by Directshow via an acquisition card; secondly, converting the HD-SDI video streaming data into a video frame structure Ip1Image in opencv via a callback function of the Directshow, and storing the video frame structure Ip1Image in a RenderOUt folder of a disc in an avi video streaming format; thirdly, reading video data in the RenderOUt folder through a virtual advertisement video processing system; fourthly, acquiring rendering parameters by preprocessing of the virtual advertisement video processing system, and storing the rendering parameters in the RenderOUt folder in a txt text form by encryption, wherein parameter formats relate to arrangement positions, scene perspectives and background picture matrixes of virtual advertisements; fifthly, reading rendering result picture information of the virtual advertisements stored in the RenderOUt folder into the virtual advertisement video processing system; sixthly, fusing virtual advertisement data obtained by rendering to the Ip1Image in the video data frame of the second step; and finally, converting the data of the video frame into the high-definition SDI video streaming data which can be played by the Directshow after the virtual advertisement video processing system traverses RGB (red, green and blue) values in the video frame in the opencv format.


CD44 is a polymorphic family of cell surface proteoglycans and glyco proteins implicated in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion interactions, cell migration, and tumor metastasis. CD44 exists as a standard form and as multiple isoforms arising from alternative splicing of variant exons (termed vl-.vlO) encoding parts of the extracellular domain. We demon strated previously that papillary thyroid carcinomas exhibit aberrant patterns of alternative CD44 mRNA splicing (G. Ermak et aL, Cancer Res., 55: 4594—4598, 1995). In the present report, we use reverse tran scription-PCR using a new high-performance polymerase formulation (Ex Taq; TaKaRa Shuzo Co., Ltd., Otsu, Japan), followed by Southern hy bridization, and demonstrate that alternative exon usage in papillary thyroidcarcinomasis restrictedprimarilyto exonsv6,v7,v8,v9,andvlO, with weak expression of v3. Expression of v8 is tightly linked to v9 and closely related to vlO expression. Also, v6 and v7 expression are closely related. Papillary thyroid cancers exhibit a marked increase in specific mRNA species containing combinations of exons v6 to vlO. Several iso forms found in papillary cancers are not detectable in histologically normal tissue derived from the corresponding contralateral thyroid lobes. Examples indude a 750-hp v6and v7-containing PCR product and a 650-bp vS. and v9-containing PCR product. Finally, a novel 530.bp PCR product was discovered and shown to contain a subsegment from exon 4 joined to a subsegment ofexon 13 (v8), followed by the complete sequence of exons 14 (@†̃9) and 15 (vlO). This novel isoform was present in both the papillarycancersand contralateraltissues.In conclusion,papillarythy roid cancers exhibit specific patterns of aberrant alternative CD44 splic ing, distinguishing them from histologically normal thyroid tissue.


Abstract The synthesis of C-aryl/alkyl 2C-branched sugar-fused isochromans by using a carbohydrate-derived starting material is described. Our approach makes use of sequential Prins and Friedel–Crafts cyclizations in which a Perlin aldehyde derived homoallylic alcohol is converted into the target molecule. This strategy works well with many aldehydes and gives good yields with excellent selectivity.


In the vast ocean of data, how people can learn from the best, to eliminate the dross, the Internet age has become a major issue, also facing great challenge for data processing, and it is the key to develop the national network economy. For sensitive information filtering time lag, low accuracy, poor self-adaptability to the Internet, Chinese text media (webpage, micro-blogging, forum, etc.) for the study, using the technology of the opinion mining and natural language processing, study of sensitive information feature extraction algorithm to reveal the interrelationship of sensitive information and sensitive dictionary, providing technical support for sensitive dictionary and sensitive information recognition.


Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels consist of several layers of lumber stacked crosswise and glued together on their faces. CLT panels are excellently applicable for timber buildings as slabs for horizontal structural members. Live load and dead load on CLT panels cause internal shear stress. Distribution of internal shear stress in CLT panels is affected by the modulus of elasticity of parallel layers. Rolling shear stress occurs in cross layers under shear force applied to CLT panels. Generally rolling shear strength is lower than the shear strength parallel to the grain. Few data of rolling shear strength of lumber exist. Internal shear capacity of several types of CLT panels was predicted by calculating the distribution of internal shear stress from the experimental rolling shear strength of sugi lumber. To verify the calculated shear capacity of several types of CLT cross sections, asymmetric four-point bending tests were carried out. The experimental shear capacity was found to be 12% lower than the average value of the rolling shear strength model for the lumber of the shear zone and was 16% higher than the minimum value of rolling shear strength model.


We derive calculations on the statistics of a heralded single-photon source based on parametric photon-pair generation. These calculations highlight fundamental and practical limits for these sources and show which physical parameters can be optimized to improve the quality of a real source.


This article investigates whether patients who used a mixture of private and public hospital care have higher total hospital utilization than those who exclusively used either public or private hospital care. Using Australian hospital administrative data of heart disease patients, we found that those who used a mixture of private and public care had the highest total hospital utilization. Our findings are robust to how utilization is measured and endogeneity between utilization and hospital type choice.


We establish the central limit theorem for the number of groups at the equilibrium of a coagulation-fragmentation process given by a parameter function with polynomial rate of growth. The result obtained is compared with the one for random combinatorial structures obeying the logarithmic condition. 1 Summary. Our main result is the central limit theorem for the number of groups at the steady state of a class of reversible coagulationfragmentation processes (CFP-s) in the title of the paper. In Section 2, we recall a definition of a reversible k-CFP admitting interactions of up to k groups, as a generalization of a classical 2-CFP. The equilibrium of the processes considered is fully defined by a parameter function a ≥ 0 on the set of integers. It was observed by Kelly ([9], p. 183) that for all 2 ≤ k ≤ N the k-CFP's appear to have the same invariant measure on the set of partitions of a given integer N(=the number of particles). Section 3, explains the idea of A.Khintchine's probabilistic method for derivation of asymptotic formulae. In the spirit of the method, we construct a representation of the probability function of the number of groups via the probability function of the sum of i.i.d. random variables. Section 4 contains asymptotic analysis for the case when the parametric function is of the form a : a(k) = kp−1, k = 1, 2, . . . , p > 0. As a result, we prove the local and central normal limit theorems for the number of groups at equilibrium, as N → ∞. To achieve this, we employ a new (for this field) tool: the Poisson summation formula. In Section 5, we provide a verbal description of the picture of the equilibrium distribution of CFP's considered, as the number of particles tends to infinity. This is based on the aforementioned central limit theorem and results of [6]. Formally, particular cases of the invariant probability measure of reversible CFP's confirm to a variety of quite different contexts. In Section 6, we compare the results of our study with the classical ones for random permutations, the Ewens sampling formula and random combinatorial structures. 2 Introduction: Definition of coagulation-fragmentation processes with multiple interactions. Following [9], [5], we treat a CFP as a continuous-time Markov chain on the finite set ΩN = {η} of all partitions η = (n1, . . . , nN ) of a given integer N : N


The weight average molecular weight 20000 to 800000 of the polyisobutylene resin (A), the softening point 90 to 135 ° C. hydrogenated petroleum resin (B), olefin polymer having a double bond of 0.3 per one molecule (C), and an adhesive composition comprising a silane compound (D) having two or three hydrosilyl groups, olefin polymer (C) is a polyisobutylene having a polymerizable double bond at a terminal system resin (C1), as well as ethylene, propylene, and at least one copolymer having a constitutional unit derived from a norbornene compound (C2) having a specific structure, the content of the olefin polymer (C) is (a ) adhesive composition is 10 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of component has excellent adhesion and holding power, low water vapor permeability, excellent transparency, can suppress the outgas generation amount It can be a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the adhesive sheet.


An ultrasonic power meter for measuring high power ultrasound is developed based on a radiation pressure method. Mechanical balance and intelligent control techniques are used in the design. The design principle is introduced and measurement error analyzed. Experimental results show that the meter has high resolution and high stability, and it can measure high ultrasonic power.


The construction of the tourist ship "Pujiang No.1" for the service of touring the Huanpu River is introduced,its features such as exterior shaping,interior decoration,lighting,stability,weight control,vibration and noise control,anti-pollution measures,energy saving devices and entertainment appliances etc. are discussed.The main technical parameters of the ship,its main technical index and mechanical electrical facilities are also introduced,which could be a reference for the ship design of similar type.


10.30699/jogcr.3.4.30 Background & Objective: Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies in developed countries. Survival rate in metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma recurrence is reduced, and treatment in these patients is mostly palliative. One of the therapeutic options in the endometrial adenocarcinoma recurrence is hormone therapy. The expected response to the hormonal treatment is about 10-20%.


The key to the innovation of science and technology lies in the innovation of research methods.The philosophical thinking can provide general and effective method for the innovation of science and technology.It has provided the answers for what the world is like and methods for understanding the world.The philosophical methods,such as induction and deduction,dialectical logic and making concrete analysis of concrete conditions,have been playing important role in the innovation of science and technology.


With the rapid rate of innovation in software engineering, teaching and learning of new technologies have become challenging issues. The provision of appropriate education is a key prerequisite for benefiting from new technologies. Experience shows that typical classroom education is not as effective and efficient as it could be. E-learning approaches seem to be a promising solution but e-learning holds problems such as a lack of social communication or loose control on learning progress. This chapter describes a blended learning approach that mixes traditional classroom education with e-learning and that makes use of tightly integrated coaching activities. The concrete effects and enabling factors of this approach are discussed by means of an industrial case study. The results of the study indicate that following a blended learning approach has a positive impact on learning time, effectiveness and sustainability.


In this work, zigzag ZnTe nanotubes of various diameters are constructed from a ZnTe sheet and are optimized geometrically through density functional theory based energy minimization calculations. The energetically optimized nanotubes are then used to examine their electronic properties. It is found that the band gap of a nanotube may be adjusted over a wide range from 0.5 to 2.3 eV and the work function of a nanotube may be adjusted in the range from 4.7 to 5.8 eV by choosing a nanotube of appropriate diameter. Thus, zigzag ZnTe nanotube may serve as an important band gap material for technological purposes.


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been observed to emit ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation when exposed to microwaves [1-4]. We have performed experiments in which both short (0.5 μm - 2 μm) and long (5 μm - 30 μm) single and double-walled CNTs were exposed to 2.46 GHz microwaves at a pressure of ~10-6 Torr. Structural modifications of the CNTs due to microwave absorption have been studied using the Raman spectroscopy G-band and D-band intensities, which suggest that microwave irradiation at relatively low pressure results in an increase in CNT defects, especially in the case of the long CNTs. After irradiation, the G-bands in both the spectra produced by the short and long CNTs shifted to slightly higher wavenumbers. Furthermore, a comparison of the spectra of the radiation emitted from the CNTs suggests that the longer CNTs emitted radiation of much greater intensity than the shorter CNTs. Based on the results of the experiments and results described in previous reports [3, 4], the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation emitted as the result of microwave absorption by CNTs seems to be primarily blackbody radiation emitted due to Joule heating. However, the presence of several broad photopeaks in the spectra of the emitted radiation (which do not seem to be related to gases absorbed by the CNTs or the presence of catalyst particles) suggest that emissions are not the result of Joule heating alone. *A full report of the results of this study has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Nanoscience. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been observed to emit ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation when exposed to microwaves [1-4]. We have performed experiments in which both short (0.5 μm - 2 μm) and long (5 μm - 30 μm) single and double-walled CNTs were exposed to 2.46 GHz microwaves at a pressure of ~10-6 Torr. Structural modifications of the CNTs due to microwave absorption have been studied using the Raman spectroscopy G-band and D-band intensities, which suggest that microwave irradiation at relatively low pressure results in an increase in CNT defects, especially in the case of the long CNTs. After irradiation, the G-bands in both the spectra produced by the short and long CNTs shifted to slightly higher wavenumbers. Furthermore, a comparison of the spectra of the radiation emitted from the CNTs suggests that the longer CNTs emitted radiation of much greater intensity than the shorter CNTs. Based on the results of the experiments and results described in previous reports [3, 4], the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation emitted as the result of microwave absorption by CNTs seems to be primarily blackbody radiation emitted due to Joule heating. However, the presence of several broad photopeaks in the spectra of the emitted radiation (which do not seem to be related to gases absorbed by the CNTs or the presence of catalyst particles) suggest that emissions are not the result of Joule heating alone.*A full report of the results of this study has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Nanoscience.


The composite of PANI/MMT can be prepared by intercalative polymerization when polymerization temperature is 25℃,n(APS):n(An) is 1:1,c(SSA) is 0.03mol/L,the quality content of MMT is 1%.Doping dif-ferent metallic ions to the composite of PANI/MMT,and their conductivities are detected,compare with conductivities of the other no doping composites.TGA analysis indicates organism has inserted into MMT; FT-IR analysis indicates MMT exists in PANI; XRD analysis indicates MMT in the PANI/MMT is stripped.The experiment of conductivity indicates conductivity of PANI is best when doping FeCl3.


Digestion is an indispensable step for protein analysis with bottom-up strategy. However, the traditional in solution protein digestion has unavoidable shortcomings, such as long digestion time, unavoidable enzyme autodigestion, and manual operation. To resolve these problems, microscale immobilized enzyme reactors, prepared either in capillaries or microfluidic channels, are highly desirable for minute protein analysis with improved digestion capacity and throughput.
Particles and monolithic supports have been widely used for enzyme immobilization [1, 2]. Compared to particulate supports, monoliths have obtained much attention due to ease-in-preparation, large surface area, fast mass transfer and low back pressure. However, nonspecific adsorption of proteins onto such supports is still a serious problem [3].
In this study, a novel kind of enzymatic reactor with hydrophilic monolith as support was prepared in UV-transparent capillaries and microchip channels by the photo initiated polymerization of N-Acryloxysuccinimide and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate, followed by trypsin immobilization. Since succinimide groups are readily to react with amine groups of trypsin, the whole preparation procedure is quite facile. More importantly, the monolithic support shows good hydrophilicity, which could avoid the undesired nonspecific adsorption of proteins and /or peptides. The performance of such enzymatic microreactor was demonstrated by the digestion of myoglobin. With digests analyzed by μRPLC-MS/MS, the yielding sequence coverage for on-column digestion within 3 min was higher than that obtained by in-solution digestion within 12h. Moreover, the microreactor was successfully applied to the digestion of proteins extracted from E. coli.


Thermoelastic properties have been determined in the limit of infinite pressure by considering the material to remain in the same phase up to extreme compression. We have used some basic principles of calculus in various thermodynamic identities to extrapolate thermoelastic properties at infinite pressure. The results thus obtained are found to be consistent with the earlier investigations made by Stacey ( Rep Prog Phys , 68 (2005)341). It has been proved in the present study that the logarithmic volume derivatives of the Anderson-Gruneisen parameters become zero at infinite pressure. This finding has further been used to obtain new results for higher order thermoelastic parameters at extreme compression.


The monodispersity of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) is important in terms of the quantitative analysis and experimental reproducibility as biomimetic microreactors. Here, we report a facile and reproducible microfluidics-based method to generate monodisperse thin-walled water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) droplets as a precursor of GUVs. We explored the composition of liquids and membranes for the stable transfer of monodisperse water-in-oil (W/O) droplets across the W-O laminar flow interface, and determined the condition in which W/O/W droplets with ~1 µm shell thickness are produced at 100% efficiency. We observed the dewetting phenomenon of the oil phase, which is necessary to convert the lipid-stabilized W/O/W droplets to GUVs.


Apatite is the main source of phosphorous for the making of chemical fertilizers. While apatite is usually recovered from phosphate orebodies as the primary product of a mining exploitation, this paper documents the approach taken to produce a phosphate concentrate as a secondary product from the tailings of a niobium ore concentrator. The conventional desliming/flotation scheme used to process phosphate ores was tested and adapted to process one of the reject streams of a niobium concentrator in order to produce a salable phosphate concentrate. For that particular material, it was found that the reverse flotation of apatite yielded better results than the commonly used direct flotation of apatite. The recommended approach to produce the phosphate concentrate is desliming followed by reverse flotation of apatite and an acid leaching of the apatite concentrate to lower the MgO content below the specification for a phosphate concentrate. The obtained phosphate concentrate assays more than 32% P2O5 at a P2O5 recovery of 41%, which although low is found to be economic for the case of processing plant reject tailings.


Transition to circular economy sets a number of new tasks for society and demands special knowledge, strategy and methods. Now speak much and discuss the concept of sustainable development, it concerns the environment, society and economy. The concept of sustainable development and the purpose of circular economy are closely connected among themselves as development of this model of economy promotes creation of the innovative technologies promoting the economic growth, environmental protection and rational use of resources. The general awareness of people in the matter is necessary for the fastest transition to the principles of circular economy. Objective of this research is carrying out the analysis of how residents of the Orenburg region understand and carry out the principles of circular economy. To see an overall picture of awareness and the relation of people to questions of sustainable development we conducted profound qualitative survey of the population of the Orenburg region. Survey was conducted with people of different age categories and a different social status, on city streets, by phone and on social networks, 7853 persons were interviewed. After the careful analysis of answers of respondents it was established that the most part of the population does not have what idea of sustainable development (72.7% of respondents), of circular economy (88.8% of respondents). Some distinctions at the population on age in understanding of these questions were revealed: people of average and mature age think: about ecology, about steady food, about state of the economy; the youth is ready to changes and innovations, but bad knowledge does not allow them it to make. For understanding and practical application of the principles of sustainable development, interferes with Russians poorly deve- loped sense of responsibility for equality between generations and for state of environment. These factors interfere with development of circular economy in our country. Promoting of the concept of sustainable development through broad informing masses will help to develop at each person conscious approach to a problem of reasonable consumption and the civilized address with waste. Without the state levers of regulation process will take place very slowly. Through an integrated approach to informing and financial interest of the population, in Russia process of understanding of the fundamental purposes of circular economy consisting in assistance to sustainable development and establishment of system changes will accelerate.


Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a single-pass transmembrane receptor designed to specifically target and eliminate cancers. While CARs prove highly efficacious against B cell malignancies, the intracellular signaling events which promote CAR T cell activity remain elusive. To gain further insight into both CAR T cell signaling and the potential signaling response of cells targeted by CAR, we analyzed phosphopeptides captured by two separate phopshoenrichment strategies from third generation CD19-CAR T cells cocultured with SILAC labeled Raji B cells by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Here, we report that CD19-CAR T cells upregulated several key phosphorylation events also observed in canonical T cell receptor (TCR) signaling while Raji B cells exhibited a significant decrease in B cell receptor-signaling related phosphorylation events in response to coculture. Our data suggest that CD19-CAR stimulation activates a mixture of unique CD19-CAR-specific signaling pathways and canonical TCR signaling while global phosphorylation in Raji B cells is reduced after association with the CD19-CAR T cells.


The invention discloses a pelteobagrus fulvidraco flavoring and a making method thereof and belongs to the field of meat product processing. The pelteobagrus fulvidraco flavoring comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of pelteobagrus fulvidraco Maillard reactant, 10-20 parts of a lentinus edodes powder, 8-10 parts of a chili powder, 6-8 parts of table salt, 0.05-0.2 part of monosodium glutamate, 0.1-0.5 part of black garlic powder, 0.1-0.3 part of a fresh ginger powder, 0.1-0.2 part of a clove powder, 0.1-0.2 part of a cinnamon powder, 0.1-0.2 part of a white pepper powder, 0.1-0.2 part of a Chinese prickly ash powder and 0.1-0.2 part of a fennel powder. The product is obtained through pelteobagrus fulvidraco Maillard reactant preparation, flavoring proportioning, hot air drying and packaging. The product has the advantages of rich nutrients, unique flavor, convenience in eating and easiness in storage. The making method has the advantages of simple technology, low cost, safe product and no toxic or side effect.


In report are considered problems of representation of animal spatial distribution. The grid-method of representation of distribution on large-scale maps was suggested, while for the small-scale maps the battery of methods was needed. The representativeness of density indexes was characterized by statistical parameters, which was calculated on empirical sampled data.


In this work, we present two recent developments in goal-oriented error estimation applied to finite element simulations. The first one is a non-intrusive enrichment of the adjoint solution using handbook techniques, inserting locally the (generalized) Green functions associated with the quantity of interest under study. The second one is a new bounding technique, based on homothetic domains, that is an alternative to classical Cauchy-Schwarz boundings. Technical aspects and capabilities of the resulting verification tool will be shown on 3D numerical experiments.© 2012 ASME


Capsule Birds that started nesting early and made more nesting attempts did not produce more fledglings or recruits. Aims To investigate seasonal trends in reproductive performance of a multi-brooded ground-nesting passerine, and whether re-nesting compensates for loss of productivity to nest predation. Methods Nesting was observed in a Woodlark population breeding on heathlands in Dorset, southern England. Clutch and brood size, hatching success, chick weights, nestling starvation, fledging success and recruitment rates were compared between successive nests of individual females. Results There was a mid-season peak in clutch size, but no seasonal differences in most reproductive parameters. However, proportionally more juveniles that fledged from early nests were recruited into the breeding population. Conclusion Individuals that started nesting earlier had more nesting attempts. However, although such individuals are expected to achieve higher average annual fledging success and to contribute more recruits, neither effect was significant in a sample of 29 and 46 territories over two years, due to high levels of stochastic nest losses through predation.


A Lidar used to detect extinction properties of aerosol in the troposphere at 1064nm is described.The extinction profile of aerosol varying with the vertical altitude is also analyzed in terms of Klett inversion algorithm.The results have shown that,compared with other seasons in 2007,the content of aerosol over the middle and upper layers in the troposphere is more excessive in Spring,but in winter,there is a distinct clear layer,even over 3km height,indicating that the atmosphere clearer in this season.


In this paper,we are concerned with the generalized Emden-Fowler equation of the form(r(t)|z'(t)|~(α-1) z'(t))' + q(t)|x(σ(t))|~(β-1)x(σ(t)) =0,t ≥t_0 where z(t) = x(t) +p(t)x(T(t)),α ≥ β ≥ 0.By use of the Riccati transformation,integral averaging technique and an inequality due to Hardy-Littlewood-Polya,new oscillation criteria are established both for the case ∫_(t_o)~∞ r~(-1/α)(t) dt = ∞,and the case ∫_(t_o)~∞ r~(-1/α)(t) dt ∞.These criteria here derived extend and improve some known results in the recent literature.Some examples are given to illustrate our main results.


Pelletized western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seeds exhibited lower total germination and delayed germination speed (G50 or days to 50% germination) when compared to non-pelletized "raw" seeds in greenhouse trials. Averaged across two lots of western redcedar, pelletizing decreased total germination from 81% to 76% and delayed germination by 2 days. Averaged across four lots of red alder, pelletizing decreased germination from 78% to 68% and delayed germination by 7 days. It is logistically difficult to both stratify and pelletize seeds. Western redcedar often receives a stratification treatment in practice, even though none is recommended in standard protocols. Lab tests conducted on four lots of 21-day stratified versus non-stratified seeds showed no change in total germination and only a 2.5-day delay in germination speed, suggesting a lack of dormancy in western redcedar. Given the efficiencies gained in mechanical sowing and subsequent thinning operations, pelletizing is a cost effective decision for the light, irregular-shaped seeds of these species.


Ferroelectric materials are the most common example of a Landau structure, defined as a system having an atom/mass moving in a double-well energy landscape. These materials have applications in memories, actuators, low power logic transistors, and so on. For a bipolar ac signal typical in most of the applications, one suspects that the repeated roller coaster shuttling of the moving atoms located microscopically at the domain walls could lead to bond dissociation, suggesting a new channel for defect generation with no classical counterpart. Here, we demonstrate that once the bipolar pulses initiate transfer of atoms between the energy pockets, the transient overshoot away from their equilibrium positions (hot atoms) leads to significant increase in defect generation. We interpret the degradation theoretically and demonstrate a set of soft-switching schemes to control the hot atom damage and to improve the device lifetime dramatically. The damage mechanism should be generic in other Landau structures, such as microelectromechanical systems, nonvolatile memories, and analogous control strategies should improve the lifetime of all such bistable devices.


Quantitative understanding of electroporation in a multicellular system has been limited. The transient aqueous pore theory describes electroporation as the stochastic formation of hydrophilic pores in the presence of an applied electric field. We have used an asymptotic model for local membrane electroporation in a transport lattice system model to predict effects of a electrical pulse on a didactic multicellular model. We show that pulses of amplitude 0.2 to 2 kV/cm and duration 100 /spl mu/s can cause extensive electroporation resulting in significant redistribution of transmembrane voltages.


We study model theory of random variables using finitary integral logic. We prove definability of some probability concepts such as having F(u) as distribution function, independence and martingale property. We then deduce Kolmogorov's existence theorem from the compactness theorem.


To obtain an air conditioning apparatus which provides a favorable atmosphere to the ear and saves energy even if the suction resistance of the impeller becomes high due to such as dust in the air conditioning apparatus. The air conditioning apparatus is provided with an impeller which is formed by a plurality of vanes and a ring for supporting the plurality of vanes, and includes a nozzle portion formed by a stabilizer and an air outlet, a cross flow fan formed by a guide wall, and a heat exchanger. The ratio H/phiD2 of the outside diameter phi D2 of the impeller to the height H of the air conditioning apparatus is 2.2 or above and 3.0 or below.


Mobile Apps running on smartphones and tablet pes offer a new possibility to enhance the work of engineers because they provide an easy-to-use, touchscreen-based handling and can be used anytime and anywhere. Introducing mobile apps in the engineering domain is difficult because the IT environment is heterogeneous and engineering-specific challenges in the app development arise e. g., large amount of data and high security requirements. There is a need for an engineering-specific middleware to facilitate and standardize the app development. However, such a middleware does not yet exist as well as a holistic set of requirements for the development. Therefore, we propose a design method which offers a systematic procedure to develop Mobile Engineering-Application Middleware.


Aim: To assess why palliative patients present to an acute hospital and the outcome after their presentation. Method: The notes of all consecutive medical patients admitted in January 2008 with a palliative diagnosis were reviewed with a standardised proforma at two acute hospitals in an NHS trust. Results: Forty-seven patients were identified as having a palliative diagnosis; 11 patients had …


The land between row of immature rubber period has a potential to produce soybean. However, this soil type has a high aluminum (Al) toxicity and soil acidity. Soil quality improvement by using liming and introducing adaptable variety are some options to increase soybean yield as rubber intercrops. Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of rubber+soybean intercropping system on the growth of rubber girth and to study the effect of liming and introducing adaptable variety of soybean to increase soybean yield as rubber intercrops. The experiment was conducted at the Sembawa Research Station from January to March 2016. The research was arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates. The main plots were two levels of lime i.e. 0 ton/ha and 2 ton/ha, while sub plots were two soybean varieties, i.e. Tanggamus and Wilis. Observation of rubber trees was conducted using simple random sampling method, comparing the rubber trees growth of soybean intercropping system with the rubber trees growth of monoculture system. The results showed that soybean and liming improved soil quality in between row of rubber trees IRR 118 clone. The rubber girth of soybean intercrooping system more significantly than the rubber girth of monocultur system. The liming increased the growth and yield of soybean at two tested varieties and significantly increased soil pH and reduced soil Al saturation. Tanggamus was more adaptive than the Wilis variety on acid soil.


Acoustic transmission experiments, over a 24‐km range in the Straits of Florida, have been modeled using ray theory. Three acoustic moorings and three thermister moorings were operated for a 30‐day period. Pulse responses (460‐Hz carrier with 100‐Hz bandwidth) were recorded every 12 min, and temperature at several depths every half hour. Pulses were found to be highly variable in travel time, duration, and shape. The MEDUSA ray tracing eigenray model was used to explain the pulse formation and variation, using the thermister time series as input. Model predictions of pulse responses agree with the data. Positive temperature anomalies bring about long duration pulses, 200 ms, while negative temperature anomalies bring about short duration pulses, 50 ms. The mechanism behind the pulse duration variation was found to be a function of bottom loss, not a focusing effect of the sound‐speed profile. Negative temperature anomalies tend to direct grazing eigenrays more steeply into the bottom, causing greater bott...


To study the wall motion abnormality and characteristic flow distribution observed in the heart with myocardial infarction, we modified our finite element model of left ventricle and performed simulations at two different phases after the onset of the disease by applying characteristic material property to the infarcted region. The model could not only reproduce the hemodynamic change in myocardial infarction but also give mechanistic insight into the following complicating problems. 1) Stagnation of blood as the cause of clot formation 2) Extra energy wasted for the stretch of infarcted tissue. The effect of compensatory enhancement of the force generation in normal myocardial tissue is also discussed.


Objective To compare the clinical applications of ambroxol hydrochloride and traditional sputum induction in senior patients with community-acquired pneumonia.Methods A total of 120 senior patients with community-acquired pneumonia were randomly divided into two groups at admission.Patients in group A received 2 ml of 3%saline plus 15 mg ambroxol hydrochloride, and 4 ml 3%hypertonic saline in group B.Both were administered through compressed-air nebulized inhalation.Sputum samples from all subjects were tested and cultured.Results The adverse effect incidences in groups A and B were 3.3%and 30.0%. respectively.The success rate of sputum excretion was 98.3%and qualification rate was 88.3%in group A.vs 75.0%and 71.7%in group B,respectively.There were significant differences between groups A and B(P0.05).The sputum volume was(9.5±2.0) ml in group A vs(7.5±2.3) ml.the cell counts were(9.5±1.3)×10~9/L vs(10.2±1.3)×10~9/L,the TNF-αlevels were(74±9) ng/L vs(61±8) ng/L. the IL-8 levels were(96±8) ng/L vs(84±56) ng/L,and the positive culture rates were 70.0%vs 50.0%in groups A and B,respectively. There were significant differences between groups A and B(P0.05).Conclusion For senior patients with community-acquired pneumonia,the sputum induction with ambroxol hydrochloride is safer and more effective than the traditional one.


The questionable honor of standing at the head of the list now belongs to heart disease. In every large city of the country the death rate from this cause is rising both relatively and absolutely so that to-day heart disease is apparently firmly emplaced as the leading cause of death. Reports for 1928 from certain states with an aggregate population of about 25,000,000 show that 228 persons out of every 100,000 died from heart disease as compared with 106 from kidney disease, 105 from cancer, and 100 from pneumonia.


Employing the traditional least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm to estimate the weight vector of an unknown system will result in an estimation bias when the input signal of the adaptive filter is corrupted by noise. This paper proposes a bias-compensated sign algorithm (BC-SA) to address this problem. Specifically, an unbiasedness condition is employed to develop a compensation term for the classical sign algorithm (SA) to reduce the estimation bias caused by noisy inputs. The proposed BC-SA can not only reduce the estimation bias but also exhibit robustness against impulsive noise. Then the mean and mean-square performance of the BC-SA is analyzed based on Price's theorem under some frequently used statistical assumptions. Moreover, the step-size of the BC-SA is optimized based on the developed theoretical mean-square deviation (MSD). Simulation results are finally provided to evaluate the convergence performance of the proposed algorithm and to examine the theoretical findings.


Author(s): Makoni, S. B. | Abstract: This study examines the variable realization of the third person singular -s by Shona learners of English at elementary and intermediate levels of proficiency. The study is unlike previous ones, not so much because it controls for differences in discourse mode but because it examines the effects of different linguistic contexts embedded in comparable discourse positions. The paper argues that although the performance of the subjects is elicited from unplanned discourse, different discourse segments might vary in terms of their degree of plannedness. The results demonstrate that very little morphological variability occurs in the production of elementary learners. The little variation exhibited is lexical. Some words attract target-language-like variants more frequently than others.The performance of the intermediate group shows that the distribution of grammatical variants is sensitive to linguistic context and that, contrary to expectations, second language learners are more likely to inflect verbs to mark the third person -s if the grammatical subject is realized, as opposed to when it is not.


In November 1914, at the Imperial UJniversity in Kyushu, Japan, R. Inada and his colleagues demonstrated that a spirochiete-which they named the Spirochata icterohwmorrhagice-is the cause of Weil's disease. They cultured the organism and produced with it in guinea-pigs a disease closely resembling the human illness. They also demonstrated antibodies to it in the blood of patients and of animals experimentally infected. In 1917 and 1918 Noguchi compared the Spirochweta icterohlumorrhagie of Inada with similar organisms from British cases of Weil's disease in Flanders and with strains which he isolated from wild rats in the U.S.A. He found that from these three sources the organisms were the same in form and by immunological tests, and that they resembled no other organism already described except Spirocheta biflexa, which Wolbach and Binger (1914) had isolated in July 1913 from a fresh-water pond in Massachusetts. Noguchi gave to all these strains the generic name of Leptospira. The original strain of L. biflexa found by Wolbach and Binger did not survive its first subculture and the name is now used for some non-pathogenic Leptospiras which have been found in fresh water. Since 1917 the genus Leptospira has been expanded by the addition of many more species. The differential criteria for these have been chiefly serological and much less pathogenicity in experimental animals and the protection of them by active and passive immunization; morphology and cultural characters have shown very few distinctions. Broadly speaking, this serological separation of species has been done most thoroughly in Japan, Malaya, the Netherlands East Indies, Holland and Denmark. The work has been based on agglutination, or agglutination and lysis, of strains by serum of immunized rabbits with or without absorption of antibodies. The results, therefore, lack the precision obtained in the Salmonellas by the chemical and physical separation of antigens. To give an outline of the progress of the work 1 have made a table from several sources of the species in their approximate serological relationships. Such information was first published extensively by Walch-Sorgdrager in 1939 and has been continued by BorgPetersen among others.


This paper describes a six year project [1996 - 2001] to assess the improvement in on- campus students knowledge of farm economics management and marketing after had redesigned the relevant courses in 1995-96. Students completed a standardized, anonymous test on entry and after their first, second and where applicable, third years. The authors hereby present the results of this project. They describe how they used the first three years pilot survey results in 1998 to modify the standardized test. They conclude that the exercise has proved a valuable aid to adjusting course contents and teaching methods and have now arranged to conduct the standard test elsewhere in the region.


ions. Since this child needs to have the abstract constantly and intimately pinned to the immediate, he responds readily to games. In addition, the "physical learner" appreciates the sharply defined, highly structured, clear-cut rules of a game. D. G. Schubert tells us that ". . the success of educational games is closely related to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Social motives in particular are involved. Through games a child can give vent to his desires to assert himself, to win in competition, to display his ability, and to gain ego recognition. He gains self confidence, satisfaction, and comfort from knowing and abiding by the rules of a game. Feelings of belonging grow out of his social intercourse with others. Indeed, the rewards of social participation are among the strongest motivators in a game-approach to learning . . ."'° 3. THE NEED TO CLARIFY THE PHILOSOPHICAL INCLINATIONS Riessman makes a valuable contribution when he explains the need for a new combined philosophy that can break through the block which separate the child and the school. Progressive education emphasizes "learning by doing" which fits the learning style of the physical learner; it emphasizes concrete, experience-centered learning attuned to the pace of the child. But the progressive approach does not succeed alone because other of its features are alien to the culture of the deprived : the permissiveness, the stress on play, and the underestimation of discipline and authority. What is needed in the new combination is to retain those features of the progressive that fit the physical approach of the deprived and to add to them the highly structured lessons stressed in the traditional : the organization, the rules, and external demands for achievement. The teacher who through special study and dedication has arrived to the point of merging the two is most effective with the deprived.' 4. THE NEED TO DEVELOP A PROGRAM WHICH IS DIAGNOSTIC IN NATURE AND IMPLEMENTATION The implications in the foregoing discussion reveal the need to develop or adapt a curriculum which takes into account the 1111Mismaraiiiiiiirr


Integral transforms of the joint distribution of the first exit time from an interval and the overshoot over the boundary at the exit time are found for a Poisson process with an exponentially distributed negative component. We obtain the distributions of the following functionals of the process on an exponentially distributed time interval: the supremum, infimum, and the value of the process, numbers of upcrossings and downcrossings, the number of passages into an interval and overshoots over a boundary of an interval. Introduction The main two-boundary functional for homogeneous stochastic processes with independent increments is the joint distribution of the first exit time from an interval and overshoot over the boundary at the exit time. Below we give a short survey of results related to this functional. We do not pretend to cover all the aspects of the theory; the survey reflects an author personal viewpoint and approach to the above functional in the case of stochastic processes with independent increments. Let ξ(t) ∈ R, t ≥ 0, ξ(0) = 0, be a homogeneous stochastic process with independent increments [1] whose cumulant is given by (Re p = 0) k(p) = 1 t lnE e−pξ(t) = 1 2 pσ − αp+ ∫ ∞ −∞ ( e−px − 1 + px 1 + x2 ) Π(dx). (1) Fix B > 0. Let y ∈ [0, B], x = B − y, and let χ = inf{t : ξ(t) / ∈ [−y, x]} be the first exit time of the process ξ(t) from the interval [−y, x]. We consider the random events A = {ξ(χ) > x} and Ay = {ξ(χ) < −y} meaning that the process exits the interval through the upper and lower boundary, respectively. Further let X = (ξ(χ)− x) IAx +(−ξ(χ)− y) IAy , P[A +Ay] = 1, be the overshoot of the process over the boundary at the first exit time from an interval where IA = IA(ω) is the indicator of a random event A. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 60J05, 60J10; Secondary 60J45.


This study assessed the causes of the persisting teacher's professional malpractices in Kilwa District Council. Specifically, the study aimed to identify the types of professional malpractices commonly practised by teachers in secondary schools, and to explore the causes of teachers' professional malpractices in secondary schools. The study employed descriptive design whereby qualitative and quantitative approaches were the means of data collection and analyses. The study sample comprised 5 secondary schools and a total of 60 respondents. Specifically, the respondents were 45 teachers who were randomly selected to respond to the questionnaires while 5 heads of schools, 5 discipline masters, 1 District Education Officer, 2 TSD Officials, 1 Ward Education Officer and 1 Human Resources Officer were purposively selected and interviewed. The findings showed that the most dominant malpractices in Kilwa District were absenteeism, the use of Swahili language in English language classes during teaching and negligence. Moreover, teachers' absenteeism seemed to be the common problem above all in urban and rural schools. Teachers' absenteeism and duty negligence were associated with teachers' low status that seemed associated with their low salaries. Teachers tended to neglect and skip classes, as they had to engage in extra-curricular activities to increase their purchasing power to meet human livelihood. The causes for professional teacher malpractices include bad working conditions, poor management and stress. This situation had managerial implications that if teachers' needs are not fulfilled, not provided with good working environment, welfare and wellbeing are not maintained per government regulations on teaching conditions, the malpractices would persist.


The reaction of (TcCl{sub 4}(PPh{sub 3}){sub 2}) with arylhydrazines in methanol yields (TcCl(PPh{sub 3}){sub 2}(NNPh){sub 2}) (1). Complex 1 displays trigonal-bipyramidal geometry with phosphine ligands occupying axial sites. The technetium-aryldiazenido moieties are nearly equivalent, with Tc-N-N bond angles of 166.2 (6) and 170.7 (7){degree} and multiple bonding throughout. The chloride ligand occupies the remaining equatorial coordination site. The addition of HCl(g) to complex 1 in methanol gives the neutral, six-coordinate hydrazido(2-) complex (TcCl{sub 2}(PPh{sub 3}){sub 2}(NNPh)(NNHPh)). The reaction of complex 1 with HBr(g) gives the doubly protonated, cationic species (TcBr{sub 2}(PPh{sub 3}){sub 2}(NNPh)(NHNHPh))(Br). The {sup 99}Tc NMR spectra for these species are presented, which suggest that the metals exhibit considerable Tc(V) character and that the formal oxidation states of {minus}1 and +1 are not accurate ddescriptions of the electron density on the technetium. The {sup 1}H NMR, mass, and electronic spectroscopic data are also presented for the various species, along with the crystal structure of the five-coordinate bis(aryldiazenido) precursor. Crystal data for C{sub 48}H{sub 38}N{sub 4}P{sub 2}ClBr{sub 2}Tc are presented.


Purpose: To investigate the incidence of reticular macular disease (RMD), a subphenotype of age-related macular degeneration, in multilobular geographic atrophy (GA) and its relation to GA progression. Methods: One hundred and fifty-seven eyes of 99 subjects with age-related macular degeneration, primary GA, and good quality autofluorescence, and/or infrared images were classified into unilobular GA (1 lesion) or multilobular GA (≥2 distinct and/or coalescent lesions). Thirty-four subjects (50 eyes) had serial imaging. The authors determined the spatiotemporal relationships of RMD to GA and GA progression rates in five macular fields. Results: 91.7% eyes (144 of 157) had multilobular GA, 95.8% of which exhibited RMD. In subjects with serial imaging, the mean GA growth rate significantly differed between the unilobular and multilobular groups (0.40 vs. 1.30 mm2/year, P < 0.001). Of the macular fields in these eyes, 77.1% of fields with RMD at baseline showed subsequent GA progression, while 53.4% of fields without RMD showed progression (P < 0.001). Percentage of fields with RMD significantly correlated with GA progression rate (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Autofluorescence and infrared imaging demonstrates that RMD is nearly always present with multilobular GA in age-related macular degeneration. Furthermore, GA lobules frequently develop in areas of RMD, suggesting progression of a single underlying disease process.


As the popularity of heroin and crack cocaine decline, a new generation of users is experimenting with a new group of drugs commonly described as 'club drugs'. These include established illicit drugs (e.g. ketamine, mephedrone, GHB/GBL) and novel psychoactive substances (e.g. cathinones, piperazines, synthetic cannabinoids). There has been a rapid increase in the use of these substances in many countries. Online purchasing is common and users often defy the stereotype of a drug user. Presenting for treatment across a range of health settings, including sexual health services and emergency rooms, these new users present a major challenge.

The session will review the new drug trends before describing the emerging and sometimes unexpected harms. Drawing on the experience of treating more than 500 club drug users in a specialist club drug clinic based in London, a radical new service model will be outlined.

Finally, the session will review the outcomes of project NEPTUNE, an evidence based review of treatment interventions for club drugs and novel psychoactive substances, providing a framework for service development.


Peripheral septic emboli constitutes an important and immediate complication of sepsis. Here we present a twenty three year old male who presented in altered sensorium with history of high grade fever, loose stools, vomiting and scrotal pain. On examination and further evaluation patient was diagnosed to be in sepsis with septic foci being scrotal cellulitis; Later patient developed ecchymotic and purpuric rashes involving bilateral upper and lower limb extremities; with bilateral asymmetric patchy gangrenous changes of toes. After detailed evaluation, all the other common causes of peripheral gangrene were ruled out and it was found to be the sequelae of sepsis leading to peripheral arterial septic embolism of non cardiac source. This case emphasizes the importance of being acquainted with rare complications of sepsis which can help in early diagnosis and prompt management and thereby help in reducing mortality and morbidity.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Evoked potentials, both stimulus related and event related, show disturbances in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and epilepsies, too. This study was designed to evaluate if these potentials are characteristically influenced by the presence of the two diseases, individually, and in the case of co-occurrence.

METHODS
Forty children were included, and four groups were formed, control group, ADHD group, epilepsy group and a group with the comorbidity of epilepsy and ADHD. Epilepsy patients were under proper antiepileptic treatment; ADHD patients were free of specific therapy. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials, visual evoked potentials and auditory P300 evaluation were performed.

RESULTS
The latency of the P100 and N135 visual evoked potential components was significantly extended by the presence of epilepsy. If ADHD was concomitantly present, this effect was attenuated. Brainstem auditory evoked potential components were prolonged in the presence of the comorbidity, considering the waves elicited in the brainstem. P300 latencies were prolonged by the presence of co-occurring ADHD and epilepsy. Feedback parameters showed overall reduction of the tested cognitive performances in the ADHD group.

CONCLUSION
Disturbances produced by the presence of ADHD-epilepsy comorbidity reveal hypothetically a linked physiopathological path for both diseases, and offers an approach with possible diagnostic importance, combined evoked potential recordings.