The present invention relates to a method for producing glycerol carbonate, potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium bicarbonate (KHCO 3 ), methoxide potassium (CH 3 OK), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium methoxide (CH 3 ONa) Glycerine and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are added to the reaction tank at a molar ratio of 1: 1.5 to 1: 5, and the temperature of the reactor is maintained at 110 ° C to 180 ° C. Reacting for at least 60 minutes to produce glycerol carbonate by reacting the glycerin with the dimethyl carbonate; A recovery step of recovering the methanol generated in the first reaction step; In the first reaction step together with at least one catalyst of potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium bicarbonate (KHCO 3 ), potassium methoxide (CH 3 OK), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium methoxide (CH 3 ONa) 0.5 times or more dimethyl carbonate (DMC) of the glycerine was added to the reactor, the temperature of the reactor is maintained at 70 ℃ to 180 ℃, the reaction of the glycerine and the dimethyl carbonate compared to the first reaction step A secondary reaction step of producing high purity glycerol carbonate; It provides a method capable of producing a high yield of glycerol carbonate of more than 90% in a short 2 to 3 hours compared to the prior art.


With a pair of specific primers based on Potato Leaf Roll Virus(PLRV)genomic conservative sequence lying on the both side of Intergenic Sequence(IS)reported in Genbank,one cDNA fragment(369 bp)containing the IS was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) using the total RNA of PLRV Inner Mongolia isolate as a template.The fragment was cloned into pBS-T vector and identified by PCR,restrictive enzyme analysis and nucleotide sequence analysis.The cloned IS sequence was compared with that of homologous gene of all other 13 available PLRV isolates.The results showed that it had high homology with the other isolates(the highest homology reached 100% of nucleic acid and the average homology was 97.90%,while the homology of 13 PLRV complete genome was 96.81%).The IS was not only conservative among PLRV strains but also conservative in the sequences of PLRV complete genome. The result implied that transgenic plant with high resistance to PLRV could be obtained through transferring RNA interfere structure of IS into potatoes.


Location of the intimal tear in the aortic arch in type A aortic dissection is for many authors an indication for replacement of the aortic arch, but this operation has a high in‐hos‐pitai mortality rate: 20% to 40%. Instead, we suggest repairing the aortic arch by injecting fibrin glue, which contains a human sealer protein concentrate, between the two dissected layers under circulatory arrest while replacing the ascending aorta. To evaluate this technique, we reviewed 45 successive patients operated on for type A acute aortic dissection between January 1989 and July 1993, of which 6 had the intimal tear located on or extending into the aortic arch. Mean age was 71 ± 4.2 years (range 68 to 74). After proximal supracoronary anastomosis with a collagen‐impregnated graft, aortic arch repair was achieved by injecting fibrin glue between the two layers, using circulatory arrest at a mean temperature of 22°C, with a mean duration of 24 minutes. This obliterated the dissection in the arch and also the intimal flap. The distal part of the graft was then anastomosed to the proximal portion of the aortic arch at the origin of the innominate artery under circulatory arrest. There were no early or late deaths. All patients were asymptomatic at a mean follow‐up of 2.6 years. Follow‐up angloscan showed obliteration of the dissection in the aortic arch in all patients; there were two patients with dilatation of the distal aortic arch of 40 and 45 mm. These results suggest that repair of the aortic arch with fibrin glue facilitates surgery, reduces operative time, and has a lower mortality rate than aortic arch replacement. The risk of possible reoperatlon for arch replacement Is largely balanced by the good immediate and late results reported here. (J Card Surg 1994;9:734–739)


Microencapsulation of different oils was performed using a segregative coacervation method. In order to microencapsulate, 20 % oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were prepared in a continuous phase consisting of a 1 % mixture of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)/sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) mass ratio (0.7/0.3) and various concentrations (0, 0.35 and 1 %) of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Various interactions between the components occur in the continuous phase of emulsions, which influence the structure and properties of the adsorption layer around the oil droplets. The formed HPMC/SDS complexes in the presence of NaCMC molecules undergo segregative phase separation and form a coacervate which adsorbs onto the oil droplets, forming the wall of the microcapsules. Sunflower oil, pumpkin seed oil and a mixture of sunflower and linseed oil were used as the core material. Microcapsules in the solid form were obtained by spray drying the emulsions. The stability of the emulsions, the particle size and particle size distribution of the emulsions and suspensions of microcapsules and the oil content of the microcapsules were determined. The influence of the oil kind on the properties of the microcapsules was also investigated. It was found that at 0.35 % SDS, a coacervate layer around the oil droplets forms a stabile, compact microcapsules wall, which prevents oil extraction. The kind of oil influences the properties of the emulsions and microcapsules, which is important in the selection of oils for microencapsulation by this method.


Through analysis on the factors of affecting the compactness of road bed of soil,moisture content,compaction method,and compaction machine and combined with the construction situation,it sums up the problems should attention of aiming every factor in the compactness of road bed,so to assure the compactness of road bed meet the need of design and give the reference to the construction of the compactness of road bed after.


The problem of decentralized semi‐active stabilization of vibration of a beam structure is studied. The decentralized controller's architecture is attained by means of optimal system modelling. In this approach, based on a specially designed and optimized set of basis functions, the solution to the continuous Euler–Bernoulli beam equation is approximated by a discrete system, where the mass and stiffness matrices ensure that the assumed stabilizing control law can be operated by using solely the local state information. The performance of the method is examined through numerical experiments for a series of free‐vibration scenarios with comparison to competitive decentralized and centralized control strategies. The performance impact of the selection of the parameters of the optimal system model is also studied. The designed method allows practical modular arrangements of the control system and is applicable to large‐scale structures.


The third generation mobile radio systems such as the future public land mobile telecommunications system (FPLMTS) or universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) will supply a wide range of services and bit rates from speech transmission of a few kbit/s to video transmission of 2 Mbit/s for a user. Different techniques have been proposed to cope with the severe frequency selective fading at the high end of the data rates. Especially orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has received attention previously. The authors propose a novel multicarrier modulation method, orthogonal sequency division multiplexing (OSDM), which is based on orthogonal Walsh functions. This method can easily be combined with the DS/CDMA capabilities and the RAKE reception in combating multipath effects. It also makes possible coherent demodulation (even over the up-link) by efficiently inserting a pilot signal. The performance of this system is investigated for a maximal-ratio combining receiver under multipath, slowly Rayleigh fading and frequency selective channels with equal multipath intensity profiles. Both results from the analysis and the simulation suggest that this scheme is an attractive candidate for the broadband data transmission.


Spectral response model for heterojunction phototransistors (HPTs) is developed from resolution of continuity equations that govern the excess optically generated minority-carrier variation in the active layers of the HPT taking into account the related physical parameters. Realistic boundary conditions have been considered for efficient device operation, and a detailed optical-power absorption profile is constructed for accurate device modeling. The analysis is performed for GaAs-based HPTs, and the measured results at 635, 780, and 850 nm show a good agreement with theoretical calculations.


The title cyclophanes, such as I, were prepd. via a Ugi-4CR four component reaction and subsequent macrocyclization of the resulting amides using intramol. SNAr reactions. [on SciFinder (R)]


About this brief. This brief is designed to help state and national evaluators identify common challenges in using and analyzing MLTSS data, understand the limitations of these data, and minimize the risks of using faulty data. The brief draws on interviews with Medicaid officials involved in evaluating and monitoring MLTSS programs; external evaluators of MLTSS programs; and Mathematica staff who have experience using MLTSS data in plan, state, and national data sets. It also draws on Mathematica's experience assessing MLTSS programs in two states for the interim MLTSS evaluation report to CMS, part of the national evaluation of section 1115 demonstrations (see text box on page 10). (For details on the data collected, see the Methods and Data Sources text box on the next page.) Over the past decade, state Medicaid agencies have increasingly shifted the delivery of long-term services and supports (LTSS) for older adults and people with disabilities away from fee-for-service (FFS) systems, which pay providers for each service delivered. Agencies have instead shifted these services to managed care delivery models in which they contract with private managed care plans to arrange and pay for LTSS. As of July 2016, 20 states offered 24 managed LTSS (MLTSS) programs, enrolling more than 1 million users (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services [CMS] and Mathematica Policy Research 2018). This is a significant increase since 2004, when only 8 states had MLTSS programs enrolling about 100,000 users (Saucier et al. 2012).


This workshop introduces the idea of the MSE and proposes a rationale to support its use with people who experience sensory differences, difficulties, disabilities and dysfunctions. Here the emphasis is on ensuring the MSE
experience will be just right for the user. The MSE experience needs to start with the user sitting under a bountiful pleasurable waterfall of success.


This document reports on our work in extending CompCert memory model with a relation to model relocations. It preserves undefined values unlike similar relations defined in CompCert. This relation commutes with memory operations. Our main contributions are the relation itself and mechanically checked proofs of its commutation properties. We intend to use this extension to construct and verify a refactoring tool for programs written in C.


A data-driven MPC based energy optimization and management framework is proposed for an energy building. Specifically, the building energy management faces the challenges of multi-time-scale uncertainties such as operations of the energy equipment such as the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning unit and energy storage system. Based on the multi-time-scale energy system modeling, we formulate the two-stage MPC stochastic optimization problem including the large-time-scale scheme and real-time dispatch. The two-stage stochastic problem is then reformulated as a distributionally robust optimization problem, which is less conservative than the conventional robust optimization and doesn't require accurate uncertain distribution in stochastic programming. A delayed constraint generation algorithm is presented to solve the problem. A real-time dispatch optimization is further formulated for real-time energy management. The simulation results show the advantages of the proposed energy optimization and management framework in handling the multi-time-scale uncertainties and improving energy efficiency.


Spin-Peierls transitions under magnetic fields in a Heisenberg antiferromagnetic linear chain coupled to the spin-lattice distortion are discussed theoretically. Based on the mean-field Pytte Hamiltonian thermodynamic quantities such as magnetization, susceptibility and specific heat are derived, using the soliton lattice solution for the incommensurate state which takes into account infinite numbers of higher harmonics. The experimental data on TTF-MBDT (M=Cu and Au) and MEM (TCNQ) 2 are examined.


The necessity for the development of a simple personal monitoring device for vinyl chloride has received broad coverage in recent years in both the scientific and public press. The fact that at least twenty-eight workers have died as a direct consequence of exposure to vinyl chloride vapors has resulted in a drastic reduction In the allowed levels of the monomer in the industrial environment. The maximum permissible levels of exposure under current Federal regulations are one part-per-million time-weighted average for an eight hour period, with a maximum exposure of five parts-per-million for no more than fifteen minutes. The procedures coranonly used for vinyl chloride determination are sampling by means of battery-powered pumps using activated charcoal as a trap, fol lowed by a gas chromatographic finish, or automatic area monitoring.. The battery-powered pump method has the disadvantage of being both bulky and noisy, although it does monitor the actual breathing zone of the worker. Automatic area monitoring requires the use of elaborate and expensive equipment, but does not determine the vinyl chloride concentration to tfiich the worker is actually exposed. Therefore, a definite need exists for a personal monitoring device that is both easy to use, and effective. A new device is being proposed which is small, lightweight, and requires no external power supply. It is capable of providing integrated values for vinyl chloride exposure over periods ranging from an hour to several days. The device Is inexpensive, reusable,


A three-step algorithm is presented for the discrete gate sizing problem of delay/area optimization under double-sided timing constraints. The problem is first formulated as a linear program. The solution to the linear problem is then mapped onto a permissible set. Using this set, the gate sizes are adjusted to satisfy the delay lower and upper bounds simultaneously. It is shown that the algorithm is able to find a near-optimal solution in a reasonable amount of time.


According to the first geographic law of Tobler and the Marr's machine vision theory,an algorithm to segmenting multi-spectral remote sensing imageries has been put forward based on the edge information extracted from them.This algorithm consists of four steps listed below:(1) Detecting edge information in each band of remote sensing imageries using a improved Canny method;(2) Integrating edge information in each band of remote sensing imageries into a binary image by methods such as overlay technique in GIS technology,and then thinning edges in the binary image by techniques of mathematical morphology using a rectangle probe;(3) conjoining disconnected edges according to the characteristics of processing edge such as length,direction and so on,to close each region;(4) at last,labeling region and remove abundant edges that do not compose region.Then,the multi-spectral remote sensing imageries of Quickbird covering the Kumamoto city,Japan,have been taken as a case study for this algorithm,and the result has been compared with other segmentation algorithms such as Multi-Threshold Gray Slice Approach(MTGSA),Iterative Self-Organized Data Analysis Technology Algorithm(ISODATA) image segmentation algorithm,Watershed Segmentation Algorithm(WSA),Fractal Net Evolution Approach(FNEA) and so on.Based on the comparative analysis,conclusions could be drawn out that(1) In term of utilizing brightness information of each band,the scope that the algorithm proposed in the paper is the most comprehensive one,and MTGSA and WSA can only use single band of multi-spectral remote sensing image;(2) The result of this algorithm could be the most satisfied,as it detects edge information of each spectral band respectively,and then integrates as well as connects them together,maximally digging out the detailed features in remote sensing imageries;(3) In the aspect of computational duration,this algorithm is relatively a bit faster than others under the same environment.As the same as the other three approaches,the algorithm proposed in the paper has also confronted the common difficulty of how to confirm the coefficient in the image segmentation procedure.


A survey was conducted among 109 single, never married, white females in Virginia, Maryland, and Louisiana, to determine factors influencing the decision as to whether to abort or carry to term an unwanted pregnancy. Girls choosing to have the baby were younger, less well educated, and more religious than girls choosing an abortion. Girls carrying the pregnancy to term tended to be lower or middle class and tended not to have friends who had had abortions. The abortion group had a higher satisfaction rate with their decision than the group who continued the pregnancy. Aborters had little guilt regarding their decision. The have-the-baby group felt anxiety, conflict, and discomfort. Girls who continued the pregnancy more often developed a negative relationship with the putative father. Efforts to identify sociological factors associated with teenage pregnancy isolated few significant variables.


SVM (support vector machine) enables effective image classification for semantic image retrieval. However, how to train accurate image classifiers in high-dimensional feature space suffers from the problem of choosing proper training samples. To solve this problem, a novel approach named CGSVM (clustering guided SVM) is presented, which utilizes clustering result to select the most informative image samples to be labeled, and optimize the penalty coefficient. Experimental results show that our algorithm achieves higher search accuracy than regular SVM for semantic image retrieval.


Histiocytic syndromes in children are divided into 3 classes: (i) Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (LCH) or Histiocytosis-X (HX), (ii) Hemophagocytic syndromes—Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FEL) and infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (IAHS) due to viruses (VAHS), and occasionally bacterial, fungal or parasitic, and (iii) Malignant histiocytic disorders(l). The lesional histiocytic cell in LCH/H-X is a dendritic cell, in IAHS an ordinary histiocyte (macrophage) as in pulmonary alveoli or Kupffer cells in the liver. Both cells arise from the mono-histiocytic lineage in the bone marrow and enter circulation till they reach tissues(2). We saw an interesting case in an infant who had both H-X and in IAHS.


The limitations related to the position-dependent point response function (PRF) of an applied potential tomography (APT) system are determined. The 3-D distribution of the PRF is measured. The thickness of the APT's field of view (slice) and the spatial resolution are determined from these measurements. The effects of these parameters on the reconstructed image are discussed. The results show that the sensitive slice thickness is not uniform across the image plane and that the PRF is strongly dependent on position. Therefore, the appearance of localized resistivity changes in the images is a function of their position relative to the electrodes in 3-D space. The same amount of stroke volume (SV) at different spatial locations is therefore reconstructed differently. Hence, an accurate calculation of an index of cardiac volumes is complicated, and calibration is needed. A uniform sensitivity distribution across the image plane would result in more reliable volume indices. The FWHM resolution is position dependent and is a function of the conductivity change, being poorest at the center of the field.<<ETX>>


A study was carried out to find out optimum plant densities for maize (Zea mays L.), hybrids mostly cultivated as a second crop in Hatay, Turkey, during 2000 and 2001. Five maize hybrids ['Cargill 6127', 'Dekalb 626, ' 'Dracma' ('Novartis'), 'Pioneer 3394' and Ttm 815] were examined at 6 plant densities [50, 000, 60, 000, 70, 000, 80, 000, 90, 000 and 100, 000 plants/ha]. The effects of hybrids and plant densities on yield and yield components were statistically significant, however, hybrid x plant density interaction effects were not significant. The highest grain yield was obtained from 'Dracma' and 'P 3394' hybrids (9, 591 kg/ha and 9, 170 kg/ha respectively). Grain yield increased with increasing plant densities up to 90, 000 plants/ha (9, 406 kg/ha) but slightly decreased at 100, 000 plants/ha.


Biodiesel is one of many renewable fuels. The advantage of biodiesel is mainly lower content of emissions and engine wearing out smaller than when using fossil diesel. Biodiesel is produced by transesterification of vegetable oils or fats and oils of low quality and alcohol. The reaction can be catalysed by homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst, acidic as well as basic. The enzymatic catalysis or preparation without catalyst are other possibilities of biodiesel production. Strong mineral acids, Lewis acids and organic sulfonic acids are used as homogeneous acid catalysts. As the heterogeneous acid catalysts, materials based on oxides of titanium, zirconium and tin, furthermore zeolites, sulfonated ion-exchange resin, sulfonated mesoporous silica and sulfonated catalysts based on carbon can be used. The possibility of continuous use in production, multiple usability and avoiding of soap formations are the main advantages of these heterogeneous catalysts.
In the experimental part, biodiesel was prepared by homogeneous basic transesterification and some its parameters were determined. The efficiency of acid zeolite ZSM-5 in the esterification of oleic acid and transesterification of rapeseed oil was tested.


On the pharmacological investigation of principal constituents of magnoliaceous plants growing in Japan, there are no scientific reports except that of Sasaki (1). He succeeded in separating some substances, in a laquer-like state, which possess curariform activity, from the alcoholic extracts of a few plants of this family, including Magnolia obovata, Thunb. From the bark of Magnolia obovata Thunb. (Japanese name "Hohnoki") Tomita and Inubushi (2) have recently isolated a new alkaloid, named it magnocurarine and determined its chemical structure. It was found to be N-methyl coclaurine `methyl hydroxide, which resembles one half of the molecular structure of d-tubocurarine (see Fig. 1). Magnocurarine is almost colorless, microscopic, prismatic crystals, melting at 200°C with effervescence and is readily soluble in water, but insoluble in most of organic solvents. We have decided to study in some detail the properties of magnocurarine chloride (MC) and compared the curare-like action of this substance with that of d-tubocurarine chloride (TC) and of decamethonium iodide (C10). We had planned the comparative studies of the curare-like action of MC and TC but because of the lack of TC we have been compelled to use C10 instead of TC in some experiments.


This is a qualitative case study which aimed to describe the conceptions of health-illness and the needs for attention to the population's health care discussing them under the Integrality principles and the implantation of the Family Health Care strategy. The setting of this research was a Jequitinhonha District in Vale do Jequitinhonha, in the northeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Open interviews were done and to analyze the data it was used the Content Analysis technique and the pieces of information collected was organized in two thematic categories: the health-illness conceptions of people from Caju, Minas Gerais and the search for solutions of the attention problems of local population's health care. The data analyses enabled to recognize integrality as an organizational axis of health care practices whose objective is to meet the needs of the populations' health care such as guaranteeing access to the health care system. It is necessary to prioritise this principle to face the health care problems suffered by the population as a social, environmental, sanitary, epidemiological and assistencial gross.


Using small-angle x-ray scattering, we have observed the cGMP-induced elongation of an active, cGMP-dependent, monomeric deletion mutant of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (Δ1–52PKG-Iβ). On saturation with cGMP, the radius of gyration of Δ1–52PKG-Iβ increases from 29.4 ± 0.1 Å to 40.1 ± 0.7 Å, and the maximum linear dimension increases from 90 Å ± 10% to 130 Å ± 10%. The elongation is due to a change in the interaction between structured regulatory (R) and catalytic (C) domains. A model of cGMP binding to Δ1–52PKG-Iβ indicates that elongation of Δ1–52PKG-Iβ requires binding of cGMP to the low-affinity binding site of the R domain. A comparison with cAMP-dependent protein kinase suggests that both elongation and activation require cGMP binding to both sites; cGMP binding to the low-affinity site therefore seems to be a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for both elongation and activation of Δ1–52PKG-Iβ. We also predict that there is little or no cooperativity in cGMP binding to the two sites of Δ1–52PKG-Iβ under the conditions used here. Results obtained by using the Δ1–52PKG-Iβ monomer indicate that a previously observed elongation of PKG-Iα is consistent with a pure change in the interaction between the R domain and the C domain, without alteration of the dimerization interaction. This study has revealed important features of molecular mechanisms in the biochemical network describing PKG-Iβ activation by cGMP, yielding new insight into ligand activation of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases, a class of regulatory proteins that is key to many cellular processes.


FIELD: organic chemistry, herbicides, agriculture. SUBSTANCE: invention describes benzoylpyrazoles of the general formula (I): wherein A means alkylene; R 1 means alkyl; R 2 means hydrogen atom, alkyl; R 3 means hydrogen atom, alkyl, halogen atom, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxyl; R 4 means nitro-group, halogen atom, alkyl; Y means hydrogen atom, alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkenyl, phenylsulfonyl, phenylalkyl; Z means substituted 5-6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic group. Invention describes agent based on compound of the formula (I). Proposed benzoylpyrazoles elicit strong herbicide activity and broad spectrum of effect both in treatment of soil and in treatment of above-ground parts of plants. EFFECT: valuable properties of compounds. 7 cl, 10 tbl, 378 ex


Corresponding author: Connie Nugent Contact Information: firstname.lastname@example.com DOI: 10.12746/swrccc.v6i23.464 Opioid misuse has become a national epidemic, but the use of opium and its derivatives to relieve pain or to induce feelings of euphoria has a long history. Ancient Sumerians cultivated the poppy as early as 3400 BCE and referred to it as the "joy plant." By 1300 BCE, the Assyrians, the Babylonians, and Egyptians had introduced opium to the countries bordering the northern shores of the Mediterranean and into Europe. Centuries later, Hippocrates noted the usefulness of opium in treating pain, and Alexander the Great brought the narcotic into Persia and India. By the 1500s CE, Paracelsus treated patients with laudanum, the "stones of immortality." In 1821, Confessions of an English Opium-Eater was published, a first person account of Thomas de Quincey's struggles with addiction. Morphine, a derivative of opium, was first administered by syringe in 1843, which provided a stronger effect. Heroin was synthesized in 1874; in the early 20 century in the US, heroin was prescribed as a "step-down" drug to aid in withdrawal from morphine addiction. Unfortunately, withdrawal from heroin equaled the suffering of morphine withdrawal. Currently, millions of people around the world are victims of opioid addiction, with devastating effects.


Letting ordinary people speak for themselves, this book uses primary documents to highlight daily life among Americans-Union and Confederate, black and white, soldier and civilian-during the Civil War and Reconstruction. * Original materials from a wide range of sources, including letters, diaries, newspaper editorials, journal articles, and book chapters * Detailed background for each of the 48 featured documents, placing the experiences and opinions of the authors into historical context


Purpose – The paper seeks to identify the nature of the contribution that European works councils (EWCs) have made to six British workplaces and their employees.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative longitudinal study of the workplaces (2001‐2004) is discussed, which analyses the views of those senior managers and representatives directly involved together with those who have no immediate role but are intended to be beneficiaries of a council's activities: managers, representatives and employees.Findings – A range of factors are identified that, in most instances, frustrated the realisation of the intended objective of EWCs. Those findings contrasted with the initial optimism concerning EWCs created by the use of quantitative research methods. Whilst councils are diverse in character, a backdrop is provided to some of the challenging representational issues and it explores the scope for managerial manipulation and control, given the limitations of the legislation and the sometimes fragmented activit...


Gathering data development reform ideologies - institutional perspectives concepts of alternative development projects the development project as home - imagery in education and marketing the interpretation of visuals - Oxfam and Cultural Survival conclusion - a new world order?. Appendices: Grassroots - projects and partners Oxfam America and Cultural Survival - additional projects.


In wireless communications, a joint channel coefficient and time-delay tracking technique are a critical issue. Due to the highly nonlinear nature of time delay estimation, particle filter (PF) and sigma point particle filter (SPPF) can be employed. The SPPF algorithm consists of a particle filter that uses a sigma point Kalman filter (SPKF) to generate the important proposal distribution. The SPKF allows the particle filter to incorporate the latest observations into a prior updating routine. In addition, the SPKF generates proposal distributions that match the true posterior more closely. We propose an SPPF based on algorithm for the estimation of closely-spaced path delays and related channel coefficients in CDMA environments. We show that the parameter estimation using this filter structure is very effective even in the non-orthogonality of spreading codes and under imperfect power control in the CDMA environments. The simulation results show that this filter outperforms the PF including conventional Kalman filters.


Bone is an uncommon site of metastasis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but an increase in the incidence of bone metastasis in HCC has been reported. We report a case of HCC presenting with metastasis to the humerus which, along with a review of literature, reinforces the idea that HCC should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with metastasis to bone.


Oxide Electronics
Vanadium dioxide is known to have a coupled structural and electronic transition that can be accessed through light, thermal, or electrical excitation. Ultrafast optical studies of this insulator-to-metal transition indicate that it is mediated by the formation of a transient metallic phase that retains the structure of the original insulating phase. Sood et al. show that a similar sequence occurs when the material is electrically excited with a series of voltage pulses. Using ultrafast electron diffraction, the researchers monitored the structure of a vanadium dioxide sample after excitation and found evidence of a metastable metallic phase that appears during the transition.

Science , abc0652, this issue p. [352][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abc0652


'Mr Jones has a high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk based on the online calculator you used a few months ago. You now have a CVD risk calculator embedded in your desktop clinical information system, which surprisingly calculates that Mr Jones is now 'low risk'. Even with risk assessment involving many variables, and allowing for rounding and assumptions, this difference is disconcerting. You start to wonder about the automated computer system prompts...'


Shorter work weeks and work stoppages over labor disputes lowered Polish output in 1980. Increases in coal production are intimately tied to the recruitment of more workers. The most important factor in improving coal production in Poland after recruitment is increasing mechanization. Thirdly, it is extremely important that there be an adequate supply of spare parts for mining machines. Lublin coal, when new mines in that area come on stream, will help bring th level of coal production in Poland back to that of 1979 (200,000,000 tons per year). This is not expected for two or three years, however. More investment, possibly in the Lublin mines, may make an even greater contribution to coal production. Within the coal industry itself, there is a constant effort to improve its operations.


Lois Thomas, Hazel Roddam, Paula Baker, Beverley French, Christopher Burton Background: The implementation of research in practice is influenced not only by individual clinicians, but the organisational context in which they operate. Strategies aimed at increasing research use therefore need to incorporate a wider range of factors, rather than solely focusing on achieving change in individual practitioners. Content: This article presents findings relating to the identification of organisational factors facilitating research-based practice in allied health profession (AHP) departments. Fifty eight AHP clinicians and operational managers from nine teams participated in the study, representing four National Health Service organisations. Participants completed the benchmarking survey tool in their teams and were asked to provide examples of elements within their organisation which facilitated research-based practice in relation to 17 benchmarks of departmental context. Conclusions: The AHPs in this study prov...


We develop optimal design methods of polarimetric radar signals that improve the estimation accuracy of the target parameters. A weighted sum of the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) of the parameters of interest is used as the cost function of the optimization. We employ an array of electromagnetic vector sensors to fully recover the polarization information from the target returns. Simulation examples illustrate the improved system performance


In order to plan regional traffic network and optimize its transport structure rationally,the structure morphology characters of regional traffic network are studied and appraised by fractal dimension in fractal theory,the measurement model and its algorithm of the covering morphology characters of regional traffic network are put forward,and a case study is given to provide a new thinking and a method for regional traffic network planning and transport structure optimization. The research result shows that( 1) the covering degree and depth of traffic network is more rational than the commonly used density of traffic lines and other indicators for measuring the structure morphology characters;( 2) the covering degree D( r)( namely fractal dimension) of 1. 661 and its covering depth r can be used as the basic criterion to appraise the rationality of the structure morphology and the perfect degree of the function of a regional traffic network.


The ideal of definition of a faithful semifinite normal weight on a countably decomposable von Neumann algebra is the set generated by all positive elements of finite weight. The set is a hereditary left ideal and therefore contains projections. In this paper the family of weights whose ideals of definition form projection lattices is completely characterized. These weights are the ones that are comparable to a combination of traces and normal functionals. A central spectral resolution is introduced and used to analyze the Radon-Nikodym derivatives of a weight with regard to a trace. Also introduced are two parameters that measure whether the ideal of definition contains two projections of least upper bound 1 and how close the weight is to being a trace respectively.


Since its publication in 2006, Caroline Williams's Managing Archives: Foundations, Principles and Practice has been the first choice of textbook for most UK students wanting to gain a basic overview of archival practice. The recent appearance of Laura Millar's book offers an alternative and although this review should not be read as an assessment of the relative merits of each, it is likely that many purchasers will be making this choice (and thus for budget reasons alone may well pick the earlier and cheaper publication). What would be gained from acquiring both? Millar's book, one of the useful series of CILIP publications under the series editorship of Geoffrey Yeo, covers the 'theoretical, philosophical, strategic, operational, political and logistical issues associated with archival management'— like the UK education programmes and Williams's book, it is a 'why-to', not a 'howto'. As a textbook it is engaging and thoughtfully written, with useful examples and insights born from wide experience. It will rightfully find a place on core reading lists and forms a useful starting point for anyone wanting to know more about archival practice as conventionally defined in the Anglophone West. Millar is perhaps best known to the UK audience for her Archivaria articles on memory and provenance which are theoretical in emphasis; here she aims at practical guidance, based on an assertion of archival 'core principles', basically those of the western Anglophone tradition. She is sympathetic to the notion that most of our practices are culturally constructed, emphasizing the importance of context to the understanding of archives, archival theory and archival practice. One of the book's many strengths is that key concepts are historically and geographically located, associated with both background circumstances and the individual agency of the author by whom ideas have been articulated. Nevertheless, she suggests that professional ethics offer an identification of the core (i.e. permanent) principles of archival practice in any context and that following international standards is the means by which these principles may best be carried out. Her discussion of the principles may be nuanced, but it is never critical of the associated standards. In areas for which standards do not exist, all depends on circumstances, which the archivist is encouraged to identify and use to frame a mission for the individual repository, from which policies and strategies will follow. Journal of the Society of Archivists Vol. 33, No. 2, October 2012, 207–241


It is almost impossible to reduce the iron losses completely; however these can be reduced to a certain extent. Here we have made an effort to reduce the eddy current loss by reducing the iron area of core. It has been done by embedding an anti ferromagnetic bar of copper in iron core by keeping total area constant. As we know that eddy current loss occurs in ferromagnetic material instead of anti ferromagnetic material so path length of eddy current will get reduced by inserting anti ferromagnetic bar in hollow part of ferromagnetic core. As we know that eddy currents flow around the magnetic flux while enclosing it, the embedding of copper bar will reduce the path length of eddy current thus reducing the total eddy current loss.


E-learning describes the use of information communications technology for learning beyond the boundaries of the conventional classroom. The objective of this paper is to determine what are the factors that are significant in explaining intention towards e-learning, particularly e-MBA adoption in Malaysia . Results indicated that trialability and image were significant influencing behavior intention towards e-MBA adoption.


[*] Prof. D.-Y. Kim, B. Lim, K.-J. Baeg, H.-G. Jeong, J. Jo, H. Kim, Dr. J.-W. Park, Dr. D. Vak, Dr. J.-H. Park, Prof. J.-W. Park Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) Department of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-712 (Republic of Korea) E-mail: email@example.com Dr. Y.-Y. Noh Convergence Components & Materials Laboratory Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) 161 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-350 (Republic of Korea) [+] Present address: Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE) and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA [++] Present address: Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia [+++] Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street Urbana, IL 61801, USA


INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE The ability to predict the behavior of components and mechanisms is central to mechanical design, often separating success from failure. In many cases, error motions in mechanical joints can have significant effects on the kinematic and dynamic behavior of the mechanism. Recent multibody dynamics modeling research highlights the effects of joint clearance, friction, and compliance on mechanism behavior [1,2].


This paper further develops Aumann and Lindell's [3] proposal for a variant of association rules for which the consequent is a numeric variable. It is argued that these rules can discover useful interactions with numeric data that cannot be discovered directly using traditional association rules with discretization. Alternative measures for identifying interesting rules are proposed. Efficient algorithms are presented that enable these rules to be discovered for dense data sets for which application of Auman and Lindell's algorithm is infeasible.


A detailed summary of self-mixing effect in semiconductor lasers is presented,including recent theoretical and practical developments.We lay particular stress on the theory of rate-equations derived by Lang and Kobayashi and the theory of F-P model.An entirely identical general model of self-mixing interference is got.The factors affecting the waveform are summed up.And the comparison with conventional coherent detection is introduced.


A semiregulated high-frequency resonant dc transformer (DCT) is usually recommended to work at its resonant frequency to ensure the desired active power transmission ratio (APTR) with stable voltage conversion gain (VCG) for hybrid ac/dc microgrid. Therefore, appropriately designed resonant parameters are vital in the DCT to acquire the required APTR and VCG under the changing power, temperature, and so on. However, the existing parameter design approach is not general enough to cover different resonant DCT topologies and it becomes rather complex with the increasing number of unknown parameters. To address this concern, a simplified two-stage parameter design methodology is proposed in this article by considering the parameter variation to optimize the APTR on the premise of satisfied VCG. First, a generalized resonant CLLC-type DCT (GCLLC-DCT) is established to cover CLL, LLC, symmetrical CLLC, as well as asymmetrical CLLC topologies. Afterward, based on the design requirements to maximize APTR under stable VCG, the design criteria are presented by analyzing the variation range of the designed intermediated parameters. Subsequently, a two-stage parameter design method is illustrated and facilitated with an example of a DCT prototype based on a simple MATLAB-assisted procedure. Finally, the proposed method is validated by experimental tests.


The structural and magnetic characteristics of -based ternaries, in which Co is partly substituted by Ga atoms, have been investigated by means of x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and magnetic measurements. XRPD patterns show that all samples are single phase with the rhombohedral -type structure except the sample with x = 8 which contains a small amount of hcp Co and rare-earth-rich phase as impurity phases. The Ga substitution for Co in these compounds leads to a monotonic increase in unit cell volume and a monotonic decrease in Curie temperature. The saturation magnetization is found to approximately linearly decrease with increasing Ga concentration. For compounds with x = 4, 5 and 6, compensation points are observed in the corresponding temperature dependence of the magnetization. The values of compensation temperature are found to shift to higher temperature with increasing Ga content. The intersublattice-molecular-field coefficients, , have been determined on the basis of magnetization curves measured at the compensation temperature. The exchange-coupling constants have been calculated by analysing the field dependence of the magnetization and by using the method based on magnetic-ordering temperatures. It has been found that the Ga substitution for Co in these compounds has little influence on Er-Co exchange interaction. XRPD patterns on magnetically aligned samples with show that the easy magnetization direction at room temperature corresponds to the c-axis.


In order to assure confidentiality of sensitive information stored in public clouds, a commonly embrace approach is to encrypt the information before uploading it to the cloud. Since the cloud does not know the keys used to encrypt the information, the confidentiality of the information from the cloud is assured. However, as many organizations are required to enforce finegrained access control to the information, the encipher mechanism should also be able to provide fine-grained encryption-based access control. Proposed work solves the key escrow problem and revocation problem of the previous systems and performs only a single encryption of each data item and minimize the overhead at the data owner.


Objectives To compare the effectiveness and safety of intravenous anti-D immunoglobulin(IV anti-D) with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) as initial treatments of acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) in children.Methods Randomized controlled trials comparing anti-D with high-dose IVIG in the treatment of childhood acute ITP were systematically reviewed from PubMed,Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and hand-searched reference lists.The number of patients with a platelet count 20 × 109/L at 72 hours after treatment initiation,and the decrease in hemoglobin were the primary outcomes.The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1.Results A total of 771 relevant articles were retrieved,and five studies were included.The RR(anti-D versus high dose IVIG) of achieving a platelet count 20×109/L at 72 hours was 0.90(95% CI: 0.82~0.98).However,subgroup analysis suggested no significant difference between anti-D at a dose of 50μg/kg and high-dose IVIG(RR 0.98,95% CI: 0.84~1.13),as well as between anti-D at a dose of 75μg/kg and high-dose IVIG(RR 0.88,95% CI: 0.75~1.03).Hemoglobin drop was greater in the anti-D group.No patients,however,required transfusions of erythrocyte suspensions.Conclusions IV anti-D may be as effective as high-dose IVIG in the treatment of childhood acute ITP at 72 hours after therapy.The side effects of anti-D were tolerated and acceptable.


Growing use of thin films in encapsulated integrated circuits(IC's) necessitated new developments in measurement of their mechanical properties in-situ. This can be done by a hybrid analytical experimental approach. The films are approximated by orthotropic membranes and the substrate is assumed to be an elastic continuum. It can be shown that power of stress singularity is a function of geometry and film/substrate material properties. By loading the sample and measuring actual displacement field in the close proximity to the crack or edge, one can evaluate the needed properties. The technique used to measure full field displacements is enhanced moire' interferometry. It is based on the formation of fringes by the coexistence of light wave fronts diffracted from a specimen grating of high frequency. These specimen gratings are created on the specimen surface using a replication technique from a specially prepared mold. Two beams of coherent laser light illuminate the specimen grating obliquely to create a virtual reference grating in front of the specimen. The frequency f of this grating is chosen to be 2400 lines/ mm, this corresponds to a sensitivity of 0.417 µk per fringe order. When the specimen is deformed the interference pattern (moire' fringes) is formed and collected by a video camera connected to a PC-based digital image processor. Analysis of the moire pattern results in full field displacement.


Hypericin has been reported as the active compound found in Hypericum perforatum.Studies have shown that hypericin has the abilities of anti-depression,anti-Bacteria anti-virus,anti-cancer and so on.But the content of hypericin of Hypericum perforatum is not enough in natural condition,the extraction of hypericin was not match the need of applications.To study the synthesis approach and conversion in vitro of hypericin,the full length cDNA of Hypericin Synthase(Hyp)was amplified from the RNA of Hypericum perforatum by RT-PCR and cloned into the plasmid pET30a to achieve the expression vector pET30-Hyp.Hypericin Synthase(Hyp) could be expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3)after IPTG induction.Hyp was purified from the supernatant of the bacterial lysate by Ni-NTA his bind resin.A protein band with predicted size about 20 KD was detected by SDS-PAGE.


The presence of practical aesthetics is theoretically and historically significant. The attitude towards traditional practical aesthetics can be classified into three types:adhering it,developing it and innovating it. Traditional practical aesthetics is criticized and innovated in the Neo practical aesthetics and post aesthetics. The notion of intersubjectivity in practical aesthetics proposed by Yang Chun-shi is uniquely representing the direction of modern aesthetics beyond classical Chinese aesthetics.


The assumption underlying such claims seems to be that more English or more ELT can only be for the good of the learners in question. But this is highly questionable as a general principle in educational language planning. It is a dubious assumption in relation to many specific issues, such as the current vogue in continental Europe to start foreign languages earlier in the primary school; or English being projected as a panacea for the ills of Eastern Europe (according to Douglas Hurd in the spring of 1990, it is British Government policy to replace Russian by English as the first foreign language throughout Eastern and Central Europe); or the continued dominant role of English in southern countries which are in educational and social crisis (Mateene, 1985; Ngugi, 1986; Hawes and Coombe, 1986).


In the cloud computing context, Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are contracts between Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) and Cloud Service Customers (CSCs), stating the guaranteed quality level of the services offered by CSPs. Existing cloud SLAs focus only on few service terms, completely ignoring all security related aspects. They are often reported in a way that is hardly understandable for customers. Moreover, they offer guarantees uniform for all offered services and all customers, regardless of particular service characteristics or customers specific needs. This paper presents a framework that enables the adoption of a per-service SLA model, by supporting the automatic implementation of cloud Security SLAs tailored to the needs of each customer for specific service instances. In particular, the process and the software architecture for per-service SLA implementation are shown. A case study application demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution.


Strawberry plants of cultivar Selva were infested with Tetranychus urticae Koch and mites were permited to reach densities up to: A, 5; B, 25; C, 50; D, 75 mites per
 leaflet, in order to compare yield with respect to infested and mite-free (clean) controls, and in such a way to determine the maximal density that can be supported by the plants without
 causing a reduction in yield and fruit quality. Densities of T. urticae were standarized in accumulated mite-days per leaflet (CMD/L). CMD/L observed were: clean control, 0.64; A, 227.10; B,
 1324.94; C, 2494.94; D, 3791.58; infested control, 12742.09. Significant differences with respect to clean control were observed in the number of fruits bigger than 2.54 cm in diameter, in
 its weight and total weight of the fruits, except with the density of 5 mites/leaflet. No significant differences were found in the total number, total and individual weight of fruits smaller
 than 2.54 cm in diameter, in treatments with low mite densities. The variables of fruits of highest quality were the most reduced as an effect of mite feeding. A close negative correlation
 was found between log of CMD/L and evaluated variables. It was determined that with a density between 127 and 341 CMD/L it is not necessary to control the mite in the cultivar
 tested.


Three species of marine bait microalga: Chlorella.vulgaris,Isochrysis galbanastrain 8701,and Nitzschia closterium were subjected to different antibiotics.The microalga chlorophyll-levels were analyzed under laboratory conditions.Our results showed that: 1) Chloramphenicol had no significant effect on the chlorophyll-levels of C.vulgaris and I.galbanastrain 8701 when the concentration was100 μg·mL-1,but showed a significant inhibitory effect on N.closterium.2) G418 significantly inhibited the growth of the three microalgae.3) Penicillin could enhance the chlorophyll-a levels of the three species of marine bait microalga when its concentration was blow 100 μg·mL-1,but the relative growth rate(K) was remarkably different among these algae.The results of the study may be of reference to the axenic culture of microalgae and selective marker of marine microalgal genetic engineering.


The spatial and temporal movement patterns of sympatric juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and Greenland cod Gadus ogac were studied using high-resolution radio-acoustic positioning in a coastal area of Newfoundland during the summers of 2009 and 2010. A total of 20 fish (10 G. ogac and 10 G. morhua) were equipped with acoustic transmitters and monitored for periods up to 23 days. Most fishes showed high site fidelity with mean residence times of 12·4 (G. morhua) and 14·4 days (G. ogac). A few individuals showed a transient use of the study area, ranging distances up to c. 4 km. Mean daily home ranges [95% kernel utilization distributions (KUDs)] and core activity areas were significantly larger for G. morhua (3·8 and 0·5 ha) than for G. ogac (2·7 and 0·3 ha). Home ranges were not related to total length (LT ) for G. morhua but showed a weak positive relationship for G. ogac. Gadus morhua occupied larger areas during the day while G. ogac occupied slightly larger areas at night. Mean rates of movement for G. ogac and G. morhua ranged from 0·83 to 1·24 and 0·76 to 1·76 LT s(-1) , respectively, and were highest during crepuscular periods. Overall, G. morhua were wider ranging, moved at faster rates and were active throughout the diel cycle compared to G. ogac of the same size. It is suggested that differential use of space and activity periods plays an important role in the successful coexistence of these two species.


An exchange bias of 50-70 Oe was found in two-component microwires of two types: 1) with an α-Fe shell covering a nanocrystalline PrDyCoFeB core and 2) with a PrDyCoFeB nanocrystalline shell and an α-Fe core spontaneously formed during the solidification of the melt. In this case, the exchange bias is not detected in α-Fe-coated microcrystalline microwires, which mainly consist of the (PrDy) 2 (CoFe) 14B phase. Since, in addition to this phase, nanocrystalline microwires contain ferrimagnetic phases Dy (CoFe) 2 or Dy (CoFe) 4B, the appearance of an exchange bias is explained by the presence of an α-Fe interface with these phases.


In the field of computer science, as well as in the information systems domain, artificial intelligence (AI) constitutes one of the most rapidly growing streams of research. This is mainly due to the fact that technological innovations enable the development of productive AI solutions that provide compelling benefits in various fields of application. Consequently, for example in industry 4.0 or service contexts, machines augment and assist human work or start to take over more and more tasks previously executed by humans.


Hyperspectral images (HSIs) are often corrupted by noises during acquisition, so the restoration of noisy HSIs is an essential procedure for the following applications. Low-rank representation (LRR) gives us a very powerful tool to detect the subspace singularity of hyperspectral data, but how to find a suitable subspace which better ensure the low-rank property and how to build a more robust dictionary to fit with the LRR framework are still open problems. Here in this paper, a novel LRR-based HSI restoration method by exploiting the union structure of spectral space and with robust dictionary estimation is proposed. In this method, the spectral space is represented by a union structure of several low-rank subspaces according to different land-covers and the dictionary is estimated using the robust principle component analysis (RPCA) to guarantee the LRR framework is more robust with the corruption noises. Experiments conducted on both simulated and real data show that our method achieves great improvement over the state-of-art methods qualitatively and quantitatively.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the study program readiness in State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta in implementing KKNI based curriculum. It can be seen from the availability of the documents course curriculum in UIN Jakarta which consist s of 71% of the vision, mission, graduate profile, achievement of learning, the curriculum structure and Semester Lesson Plan (RPS). It also can be evidenced by the quality of the documents that 1) 99% of study programs have developed a vision and mission for the implementation of the curriculum. 2) 77% of study programs have developed a graduate profile according to level 6 of the KKNI based curriculum which is the basis for the development of graduate-level profile. 3) development of learning achievements in environmental studies program UIN Jakarta, 59% of the study programs have been formulated learning achievements which is in accordance with the learning outcomes defined for an undergraduate level. 4) 35% of the curriculum structure of the study program have met KKNI implementation standards. 5) development of Semester Lesson Plan (RPS) program in environmental studies UIN Jakarta, 82% of the Semester Lesson Plan or RPS which is in line with the principles of RPS development expected in the KKNI implementation  has been developed by several study programs at UIN Jakarta . Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesiapan program studi di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta dalam mengimplementasikan Kurikulum berbasis KKNI. Kesiapan tersebut dapat dilihat melalui ketersediaan dokumen kurikulum program studi di UIN Jakarta yang terdiri dari 71% visi, misi, profil lulusan, capaian pembelajaran, Struktur Kurikulum dan Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS). Selain itu, kesiapan program studi dalam mengaplikasikan dapat dibuktikan dari kualitas dokumen, yakni 1) 99% program studi telah mengembangkan visi dan misi untuk pelaksanaan kurikulum. 2)77% program studi telah mengambangkan profil lulusan menurut level 6 Kurikulum berbasis KKNI yang merupakan dasar untuk pengembangan profil lulusan. 3) pengembangan capaian pembelajaran di lingkungan program studi UIN Jakarta, 59% program studi telah merumuskan capaian pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan hasil belajar yang ditetapkan untuk program sarjana. 4) 35% struktur kurikulum program studi telah memenuhi standar pelaksanaan KKNI. 5) pengembangan Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS) program studi di lingkungan UIN Jakarta, 82% dari Rencana Pembelajaran Semester atau RPS yang sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip pengembangan RPS yang diharapkan dalam pelaksanaan KKNI telah dikembangkan oleh beberapa program studi di UIN Jakarta. How to Cite : Fauzan., Latip A., E. (2015). Curriculum Readiness and Program Evaluation in Implementing Indonesian National Qualifications Framework Curriculum (KKNI). TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society, 2 (2), 190-203. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i2.3179. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i2.3179


The system of aircraft hydraulic principles verification which is used to validate design principle by the semi-physical simulation must be designed for the reliability and rationality of aircraft hydraulic system design and to obtain better quality of the design.The design concept and structure of overall system are described,the design ideas of test bench is illustrated.The structure and principles of each module are expounded on,analysis of the design concepts and control algorithms of the flow rate pressure load simulation module are focused on.Also some simulations for high-temperature of aircraft environment are done,and software and hardware design ideas and programs,and experiment results are gotten.Engineering experiment results show that the system designed can meet the design requirements,and has great of values for the design of aircraft hydraulic energy systems.


For this issue's Works in Progress, we have six abstracts in the areas of pervasive gaming, interactive entertainment, and interpersonal interactions. Three of the abstracts cover gaming systems that combine physical and virtual environments. These discuss new development frameworks and toolkits, analyze how users interact in gaming environments, and evaluate new technology for these environments. Two abstracts discuss interactive digital art: a system that observes and interacts with dancers and a methodology, and a toolkit for designing new digital art systems. The final abstract describes a system for helping individuals better understand the subtle interactions that they have with the people around them ("familiar strangers").


We describe the recent measurements of bulk flows of unprecedented scale and amplitude. These results are not easily accommodate in the standard ΛCDM cosmology. We study two possible solutions: preinflationary superhorizon sized perturbation and void models of the Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi type and discuss their viability.


This study aims to determine the relationship between self-concept and self-adjustment in specialization lessons for class XI students at Bhina Tunas Bhakti Juwana Vocational High School. This study uses a correlational quantitative research method. The population in this study was 150 students of class XI, then to determine the sample in the study using the cluster random sampling technique, namely determining the sample randomly not individually but all members of the group. In taking this sample, the researcher randomized the five population classes twice. The first class that came out, the researcher used for the try out class, namely class XI TEI 1 and the second class that came out for the research class was class XI TOKR 1. Tools for data collection, researchers used self-concept and self-adjustment scale instruments. Based on the results of the research that the researchers have done, it can be concluded as follows: there is a relationship in the moderate but significant interval class category, and the direction of the relationship is negative. A negative significant relationship means that it means that the relationship is inversely proportional if the self-concept or variable X has increased, the student's self-adjustment or variable Y has decreased, so conversely if the Y variable or student's self-adjustment has increased then the X variable or student's self-concept has decreased. This is shown by the statistical results using the Pearson product moment correlation test with the help of the SPSS 23 application with the result r = (-) 0.42 with an r table of 0.361, so r count > r table or (-) 0.42 > 0.361. Then matched with the interpretation table shows that between self-concept and self-adjustment has a relatively moderate level of relationship.


Because the natural stress field is changed due to tunneling roadway, a stress concentration area appears in rock of surrounding roadway that cause roadway deformation or destruction. Specially, it is much more serious when the roadway is in an area of high natural stress. Therefore, the calculation of the stress field of rock surrounding roadway must be reasonable and accurate; it can provide a theoretical foundation for the calculation of deformation or destruction and stability analysis of roadway. A lot of micro-crackle exists in rock mass; the macroscopically mechanical properties of rock material depend on its emerging, expanding and combining determines. So the rock damage property must be considered. The stress fields of rock surrounding circular roadway were obtained under different natural stress situations based on the damage theory; the results are consonant with practical situation well.


The present study is an attempt to revisit the universality of Brown and Levinson model theory on politeness (1978, 1987) in the context of A Parking Man Language. The data are a several dialogues drawn purposively from two Parking Man literary texts which contain materials on the history, lives, and culture of a Parking Man. These samples are then translated into English literally and idiomaticly, and then analysed within the framework adapted from Scollon and Scollon's (1983, 1995). The study concludes that in either negating or affirming a proposition, A Parking Man tend to provide hearers with additional information mainly serving either as a validation, an emphasis, or a lubrication of their negation or affirmation. This is mainly intended to keep hearers feel happy and satisfied which eventually save their 'positive face'. The data shows that there is no negation in responding to a command and a statement. This implies that A Parking Man tend to avoid refusing a command and confronting one's statement since this will obviously satisfies hearer's 'negative face' by disappointing them. Above all, politeness phenomenon in Parking Man Language is all governed by socio-cultural norms and values applied in the community. Thus, politeness in A Parking Man Language is a norm which tends to be more applicable in a collective society not simply an instrument which is more popular in an individualistic society.


Assessments of several advanced technologies for relieving traffic congestion were made and found to provide substantial returns on investments. However, prior to embracing any of these technologies, implementation considerations such as funding and jurisdictional concerns, and user acceptance must be addressed. The three technologies and their assessed systems include: Driver Information Systems--Computerized rationalization of direction signing, Radio Data System (RDS) for information broadcasting, Self-contained onboard navigation systems, Electronic route guidance systems, and Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) for automated toll collection; Advanced Traffic Control Systems--Optimized vehicle actuation, Fixed-time coordination, Partially adaptive coordination, Fully adaptive coordination, and Ramp control; Automatic Vehicle Control (AVC) Systems--Because many of these systems are still in the development stage, complete assessments as to their benefits could not be determined at this time. Although many more advanced technologies are described in this paper, only the above mentioned were selected for in depth assessment.


New technologies are providing neuroscientists with exciting access to the fundamentals of the brain; demonstrating that the built environment has a significant impact on the mental and physical health of its users and allowing children to influence the processes of their learning and development. Through a real experiment, this study aimed to provide architects with an understanding of the latent powers of architectural design by evaluating the effects of various design choices on the physiological and psychological states of children and, consequently, on their brain development.


Objective
To observe RNA-Seq analysis of gene expression profiling in human retinal vascular endothelial cells after anti-vascular endothecial growth factor (VEGF) treatment.

Methods
Cultured the retinal vascular endothelial cells in vitro and logarithmic growth phase cells were used for experiments. The cells were divided into VEGF group and VEGF combined with anti-VEGF drugs group. The VEGF group cells were treated with 50 ng/ml VEGF for 72 h to simulate the high VEGF survival conditions of vascular endothelial cells in diabetic retinopathy. VEGF combined with anti-VEGF drug group cells was treated with 50 ng/ml VEGF and 2.5 μg/ml anti-VEGF drugs for 72 h to imitate the microenvironment of cells following the anti-VEGF drugs treatment, and whole transcriptome sequencing approach was applied to the above two groups of cells through RNA-Seq. Now with biological big data obtained as a basis, to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). And through enrichment analysis to explain the differential functions of DEGs and their signal pathways.

Results
The gene expression profiles of the two groups of cells were obtained. Through analysis, 328 DEGs were found, including 194 upregulated and 133 downregulated ones. The functions of DEGs were influenced by regulations over molecular biological process, cellular energy metabolism and protein synthesis, etc. Among these genes, SI,PRX and HPGD were related to protein synthesis, BIRCT to cellular apoptosis, and ABLIM1 and CRB2 to retinal development, and ABCG1, ABCA9 and ABCA12 were associated with the cholesterol of macrophage and the transfer of phospholipid. GO enrichment analysis showed that DEGs mainly act in three ways: regulating biological behavior, organizing cellular component and performing molecular function. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that gene expressions of the two cell groups were differentiated in ECM receptor pathway, and Notch, mitogen-activated protein kinase, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and Wnt signal pathways. Among them, the gene expression in TGF-β signal pathway attracts most attention, where the DEGs, such as CAMK2B, COL3A1, CYGB, PTGER2 and HS6ST2, among others, were closely related to fibrosis process.

Conclusion
The anti-VEGF drugs may enhance the expression of CAMK2B, COL3A1, CYGB, PTGER2 and others genes related to TGF-β signal pathway and aggravate retinal fibrosis disease.

Key words:
Retinal Vessels/cytology; Endothelial cells; Gene expression profiling; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use


A notion of a special economic zone. The author analyzes the international regulatory legal acts, foreign states and the RF acts which have different definitions of the special economic zone notion.


To guarantee the safety of an unmanned aircraft on the accident of the control surface failure, an algorithm of fault detection and surface reconfiguration is necessary. As the neural network can approximates arbitrary nonlinear functions, the neural network NARMAX model is able to capture the nonlinear dynamics. The proposed neural network NARMAX model based complementary filter provides an efficient and accurate diagnosis to the control surface failure. The simulation shows that the aircraft can quickly reconstruct the control surface and recover the safety with the help of the proposed algorithm when the ailerons fail.


The LCCC package has the advantages of small volume and good electric properties,so it is widely used.However,the stress concentration of solder joint of LCCC package easily causes the creep-fatigue damage as the temperature change,because of LCCC package characteristics of no leads,the coefficient of thermal expansion doesn't match with FR4.Select 28 pin,44 pin and 64 pin package for soldering experiments,and verify the reliability of solder joints through the temperature cycling test,according to the requirements of high-reliablility soldering and the factors which affect relialility of solder joint.And get the guidance to improve soldering quality of LCCC packag.


Stereodefined oxygen-substituted 1,2-oxazines were prepared by three different routes. The cycloaddition of enol ethers such as 1 with α-nitrosoalkenes generated in situ gave the heterocycles 3 and 4. Acid-catalysed additions of alcohols to the 6H-1,2-oxazines 5 led to mixtures of the adducts 6 and the substitution products 7 with moderate chemoselectivity. Epoxidation of the 6H-1,2-oxazines 5 proceeded more efficiently and furnished the corresponding epoxides 25 and 32 in reasonable to excellent yields. It was demonstrated that the resulting oxygen-substituted 1,2-oxazines were suitable precursors for the preparation of cyclic or acyclic primary and secondary amines in racemic or enantiopure form. Hydrogenation of the 3-phenyl-substituted 1,2-oxazines 3 and 25a and of (6S)- and (6R)-32 preferentially furnished the 1,2-amino alcohols 15, rac-29 and (2S)- and (2R)-29. On the other hand, reduction of the 3-ethoxycarbonyl-substituted 1,2-oxazines 4, 6d and 20 led to the formation of the N-protected proline esters 21-24 in moderate yields. It was also found that the 5-methyl-6H-1,2-oxazine 10 was a good precursor for the propargylic ether 11, which allowed a Pauson-Khand reaction leading to the tricyclic compounds 13 and 14. Hydrogen peroxide converted 10 into a hydroperoxide intermediate, which was further transformed into the 1,2-oxazin-6-one 28b. Overall, the results demonstrate the remarkable potential of suitably substituted 1,2-oxazine derivatives for the stereoselective synthesis of amines.


An archaeological evaluation and excavation were carried out prior to a housing development in 1992, at Bramcote Green, in the London Borough of Southwark. Up to 3 m of organic rich, alluvial clay silts were deposited during the late Glacial period between about 12,000 BP and 9000 BP. A wide, shallow channel flowing south towards the Thames cut through the clay silts during the early Holocene and was filled with a series of clay and peat layers. Between 6000 BP and 4000 BP fast moving water channels formed on the marshy ground on the east side of the site and broader channels on the sand and gravel outcrop on the west side of the site. A subsequent rise in water levels, possibly seasonal, deposited inorganic muds across most of the site until c. 3500 BP. Over the filled-in channel were laid two phases of a wooden trackway which may have been laid across the marsh between high ground to the south and Bermondsey Island to the north. The earlier trackway consisted of two parallel lines of alder logs held in place by alder stakes. The second consisted of a single line of oak logs with alder stakes along one side. Radiocarbon dating of the second trackway places it in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. The site was covered by a thick layer of peat dated to the Late Bronze Age.


Green Peas represent a population of compact, highly star-forming dwarf galaxies at redshifts z ∼ 0.2–0.3 that have recently been found to show signatures of ultraviolet ionizing radiation leakage. They are being considered as analogs to high-redshift star-forming galaxies, possibly responsible for cosmic reionization. Despite intensive studies of Green Peas in the ultraviolet and optical domains, their X-ray properties have only so far been probed by nearby analogs. In this paper, we present the first measurements of Green Peas in the X-ray domain to constrain their spectral properties and fluxes at high energies. We analyzed XMM-Newton observations of three Green Pea sources. For two of them, we found an X-ray luminosity exceeding by a half-order of magnitude its predicted value, derived from the star formation rate and metallicity. Only an upper limit of the X-ray luminosity was derived for the third studied galaxy. Our results indicate that at least some Green Peas produce copious amounts of highly energetic photons, larger than detected in other star-forming galaxies. We discuss possible physical scenarios for the measured X-ray excess, including the presence of a hidden active galactic nucleus, a larger population of X-ray binaries, or ultra-luminous X-ray sources. Future spatially resolved X-ray images will discriminate between the models. Larger Green Pea samples will provide a possible link between the X-ray properties and the leaking ultraviolet radiation.


A design procedure for sizing standard involute spur gearsets is presented. The procedure is applied to find the optimal design for two examples - an external gear mesh with a ratio of 5:1 and an internal gear mesh with a ratio of 5:1. In the procedure, the gear mesh is designed to minimize the center distance for a given gear ratio, pressure angle, pinion torque, and allowable tooth strengths. From the methodology presented, a design space may be formulated for either external gear contact or for internal contact. The design space includes kinematics considerations of involute interference, tip fouling, and contact ratio. Also included are design constraints based on bending fatigue in the pinion fillet and Hertzian contact pressure in the full load region and at the gear tip where scoring is possible. This design space is two dimensional, giving the gear mesh center distance as a function of diametral pitch and the number of pinion teeth. The constraint equations were identified for kinematic interference, fillet bending fatigue, pitting fatigue, and scoring pressure, which define the optimal design space for a given gear design. The locus of equal size optimum designs was identified as the straight line through the origin which has the least slope in the design region.


The authors describe a board system that integrates an analog neural net chip with a digital signal processor and fast memory. This system is in use as a coprocessor of a workstation where it accelerates computationally-intensive tasks for machine vision. A software environment has been developed to support image processing and testing of the system. The system was used to develop an application where the neural net determines the position and size of characters in complex images. For this task an increase in speed of a factor over 1000 over a workstation was achieved.<<ETX>>


The method of producing a cathode active material, a positive electrode and a lithium battery, and the positive electrode active material, employing the same are disclosed. The positive electrode active material is to be formed on the positive electrode active material core, and on said core capable of absorbing and releasing lithium ions include a coating layer comprising the ceramic composite is represented by the formula (1). By employing the positive electrode active material, it is possible to improve the life characteristics of the lithium battery. Formula 1 The above formula, M is Al Rooney titanium (Al), titanium (Ti), scandium (Sc), vanadium (V), yttrium (Y), niobium (Nb), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), silicon ( Si), and at least one element selected from gallium (Ga) and germanium (Ge), -1≤a≤1, a 0≤b≤2, 0≤c≤2, 0


Recently,with the emerging and development of the rare-earth material,the permanent magnet DC motors are widely used.A control circuit based on hollar sensor and 555 timer is presented in this paper.The control system presented is simple,reliable,easy realized and cheap.The control characteristics are verified by experiments.


Aiming at the problem that Li Fe PO4 battery in electrical vehicle has a shortened life and reduced security when working at high temperature condition,in order to ensure its proper operating temperature range,a comparative study of battery cooling methods has been carried out. A 3D-FSI model of battery and air flow has been established to master the temperature field undertypical discharge status based on Fluent.Also a parallel ventilation formsimulation has been conducted to compare the cooling capacity of ambient wind cooling、air condition wind cooling and heat transfer oil cooling methods using maximum temperature and temperature difference as indicators. The results indicate that forced convection cooling methods are necessary,and athigh temperature,high speed ambient wind and low speed colder air condition wind can meet the cooling demand;heat transfer oil cooling can significantly reduce the maximum temperature and temperature differenceof the battery packat low speed,it is aneffective cooling method.


The present paper was started from having a critical mind that the historical tragedy of the country Tibet and Tibetans and the dilemma of Writer A Lai, who thereby could not help but passing by the real problems, were reflected in the 'mother' figure in his literary works such as Guerra Grew Up, The Dust Settles, and The Song of King Gesar.
A Lai is a writer who stands by the borders of Huizu, Tibetan, and Chinese. He was born to a Huizu father and a Tibetan mother. He creates the stories of Tibet and Tibetans in Putonghua. In the literary works of A Lai, a Tibetan mother seldom appears. In Guerra Grew Up, Guerra's mother was an outsider, unknown on her origin, but she settled down in Jicun under the silent approval of the villagers. In The Dust Settles, the Hanzu mother was sold to Maiqi Tusi and she gave birth to a baby boy named Fool. In The Song of King Gesar, there are two mothers of Gesar. In these works, the meaning of mother is ambivalent. The mother of Guerra, Sangdan, was the object that her son had to protect for good. And while Meiduonaze, the biological mother of Gesar in the human world, was the one who should be protected by her son Gesar in that she had suffered with her son and had been fallen to hell with his karma instead of him, and then she had been led to the buddhist paradise, Langmandamu who was his heavenly mother was his ideological mother in that she had continuously awakened him to accomplish the great tasks and had welcomed his returning to paradise with brilliance. It was thought that the Hanzu mother of Fool became as good as a Tibetan completely, however, she committed a suicide because she had got frustrated from her private desires. The mother of Guerra was not known whether she was Hanzu or not, but she continued to give birth to illegitimate children even though she was an outsider. Both Langmandamu and Meiduonaze who were the mothers of Gesar were not Tibetans.
In these works, if mother is substituted into the homeland, it has different meanings in the cases of Tibet and China. Also, one cannot read the texts as if the homeland equals Tibet in each case of mother in the novels. It is therefore revealed as a truth that 'son(Tibet)' does not grow up fast only with love in the embrace of mother(homeland).


Genetic variation of cold tolerance at the budbursting period (CTBP) and its relationship with some agronomic traits related to cold tolerance were studied by using F_(3) lines derived from a cross between indica and japonica Milyang 23/Jileng 1. A continuous distribution near to normal for CTBP was observed in F_(3) lines, suggesting that CTBP was a multigenic quantitative trait. Seedling growth ability, days to heading, panicle exsertion, cold tolerance at the booting stage (seed setting rate in low temperature) and phenotypic acceptability under natural low temperature or cold water irrigation were significantly correlated with CTBP. Seedling growth ability, cold tolerance at the booting stage, phenotypic acceptability and panicle exsertion of selected lines with high CTBP were better than those of selected lines with low CTBP and unselected F_(3) lines. Through selection of CTBP in lower generation derived from cross of indica and japonica can obtain good lines with higher seedling growth ability, cold tolerance at the booting stage and phenotypic acceptability.


In order to study the microbe enhanced oil recovery and reservoir profile modification,two strains,STP-1 and STP-5,were screened by cell fusion technique.Both strains can propagate and metabolize biological polysaccharide and biogas.Simulation's experimental results showed STP-1 and STP-5 can reduce the sand core's permeability by 82.67% and 58.24%,respectively.Core's flooding experiments showed that STP-1 and STP-5 can enhance oil recovery by 21.92% and 13.49%,respectively.From the results,one conclusion can be obtained that both strains have good potential in reservoir profile modification and enhanced oil recovery.


BET surface area and micropore volume are important factors for improving methane storage in activated carbons (ACs). Specification and optimization of carbon structures are vastly examined by different researchers. However, because of complex relations between independent and dependent variables, the proposed statistical and mathematical models are not satisfactory. In this paper, the specifications of some ACs synthesized by chemical activation methods are predicted. The effects of parameters such as agent type, activation time, activation temperature, impregnation ratio and heating rate on the BET surface areas and micropore volumes of ACs are also analyzed. Two models of artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference systems are used. Later on, a number of data on other ACs reported by several researchers are used for the model validation. The obtained results from these two models are found to be satisfactory. The coefficients of determination for these models were 0.982 and 0.984, respectively. Through this modelling of AC production process, which was the main purpose of this study, the specifications of ACs may be obtained without spending extra time and expenses.


ABSTRACT: My aim is to discuss four Portuguese translations of Homer's Odyssey. Two were written in prose (by Dias Palmeira/Alves Correia and by Jaime Bruna), in the 20th century, and two in free verse (by Frederico Lourenco and by Donaldo Schuler), in the 21st century. A quick review of these examples reveals that all of them want to recover Homer's narrative fluidity, without giving attention to its main formal aspects — which surely enhance the understanding of the contents. As to the latest versions, it is possible to claim that, despite the impressive differences between them, deployment of a free verse betrays the goal of only establishing a line by line correspondence between the original text and the translation,and in the end the principles of a prose translation seem again to guide these versions to Portuguese.


This paper reports preliminary findings from the Finding a Voice project, an ethnographic investigation into the development and consequences of participatory content creation programs in underserved communities in India, Indonesia, Nepal and Sri Lanka. The project explores how information and communication technology can be used to enable both civic and cultural participation, and creative engagement within such communities. The research is informed by Ethnographic Action Research and Participatory Design methodologies, as well as observation of local communicative ecologies.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I. CALL TO ORDER II. PUBLIC COMMENTS In consideration of others wishing to speak, please limit your remarks to 3 minutes.


On the face of it, 'better regulation' sounds like a concept that no one could object to. But in contrast to past attempts to cut red tape for business and thus reduce unnecessary bureaucracy, the objective of the Juncker Commission's Better Regulation Agenda is to reduce "regulatory burden". The package, adopted on May 9th 2015, foresees the establishment of an impressive apparatus and toolbox for implementing the Agenda. Existing structures and procedures, such as the Regulatory Scrutiny Board and the Impact Assessment Guidelines, are being modified, and new elements such as the two REFIT Platforms, one for stakeholders and one for Member States, and the new Interinstitutional Agreement on better law-making, will be introduced. The Agenda raises many questions and concerns From the perspective of a public interest organisation such as The European Consumer Organisation (BEUC). Several aspects of this new institutional and procedural architecture suggest that it is not designed to provide society–wide benefits by generating better regulation for all. Rhetoric about the need to reduce costs is the dominant theme throughout the entire package, framed by the 'jobs and growth' narrative.


Based at the latest NATO annual report (NATO, 2022) this article examines the number of military personnel in the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) member states between 2014 and 2022. These two years are taken as a result of the NATO decisions at the Wales summit in 2014 to increase the defence expenditures against 2024 to 2 % of the national GDP in every member and also to invest at least 20 % of the national military budget in new material for the different army parts.


IntroductionMany research articles are written on ethical leadership which leads to better corporate governance practices, but the concept of wholesome leadership is new. Before we proceed on this subject, let us examine what ethics and ethical leadership means. Thereafter, the issue of wholesome leadership will be dealt with.In a nutshell, ethics ask the following simple questions:1. Is it fair?2. Is it proper?3. Is it moral or immoral?These are three basic things ethics in general and business ethics in particular are concerned with. A business entity also needs to ask these questions before taking up an activity and it is the responsibility of the business leader to ensure that these questions are asked at every level of the business before taking any decisions. It is essential to protect the interests of all the stakeholders and this is the foundation for corporate governance too. To understand them further, we need to analyze the social contracts theory.Social Contract TheoryDonaldson and Dunfee (1994 and 1995) proposed the Integrated Social Contract Theory (ISCT) which was an informal agreement concerning behavioral norms developed from shared goals, beliefs and attitudes of groups of people or communities. Donaldson held that 'business organizations gain legitimacy through a social contract theory with the society'. According to him, a productive organization is one that ensures customer satisfaction and protects the interests of its workers, thereby enhancing the welfare of the society and business. Donaldson (1982) argued that social contracts can be used as a tool to measure the performance of a productive organization. If the organization fulfills the terms of the contracts, it has performed well. This as per the European model, is the essence of corporate governance systems. If the contracts are not fulfilled, then the society is justified in condemning the organization. The main elements of the social contracts are hypernorms, like human rights, physical security, personal freedom, right to own property, etc. Secondly, macro social contracts like 'moral free space' must be based on free will of all parties involved, all of whom have right to exit when they please. However, Strong and Ringer (2000) argued that it must be compatible with hypernorms. Finally, micro social contract means norms developed by a community, a group either economic or social. For example, an industry, a company or a non-profit organization are all communities. As stated earlier, in the case of conflict of macro social contract with hypernorms, the latter will prevail. Donaldson and Dundee (1994 and 1995) further stated that in case a community decides to do business with another community, the norms of the host community shall prevail and be the guiding factor. Husted (1999) added that the more extensive or global the community is, the greater will be the priority given to its norms. The norms that are helpful to preserve the economic environment will have priority over the norms that damage the economic environment.Ethics and Business LeadershipThere is a growing belief that good ethics mean good business for an organization; however, ethical cultures emerge from strong leadership that is also ethical. The rewards to organizations supporting ethical cultures include increased efficiency in decision making in operational issues, employee commitment, product quality improvements, customer loyalty and improved financial performance. Typically, business firms use three different approaches to implement ethics initiatives. First is complying with the law of the land and this helps the organizations by effectively using internal controls to gain ethical conformity. Secondly, organizations may use ethics in public relations to enhance their reputation and gain attention from all stakeholders including media which has become a watchdog for the society. The third approach involves using a value-based philosophy that incorporates the first two approaches and focuses on creating an ethical culture by adopting a committed leadership. …


ABSTRACT The exploration in this work is how to minimize the stress concentration around the edge of the hole in an orthotropic plate. The study first presents the analytical solution of the stress distribution around arbitrary holes using the complex variable method and then carries out the shape optimization using the mixed penalty function method. In the optimization process, optimal holes and stress distributions under the different factors are investigated, i.e., the loading, the Young's modulus, and the fiber direction. Finally, we come to the conclusion that in the biaxial compressive load state, the shape and the stress are mainly affected by the loading, followed by the fiber direction and the Young's modulus. In the pure shear condition, all three factors determine the optimum results.


Background of the Study: This study undertook a critical assessment of the influence of decision making leadership styles of the management in schools and its influence of students' unrest management Meru County of Kenya.
Study Objective: The study objectives were; to determine democratic leadership style, and its influence on students' unrest management in Meru county of Kenya, to establish the influence of autocratic leadership style, and its influence of students' unrests management in Meru County in Kenya, to examine influence of participative leadership style and its influence on students unrest management in Meru County of Kenya, and to establish the influence of management collaborative leadership style, and its influence on student unrests management in Meru County of Kenya.
Methodology: The research was carried out using mixed methods design and the results showed that most principals used democratic and participative leadership styles and encourage teachers' career growth.
Findings: The researcher concluded that there is a significant influence of decision making practices on student unrest in public secondary Schools in Meru County.
Keywords: Leadership Styles, Mixed Method Design & Student Unrest Management.


The IR and hypersensitive spectra of the complex Nd ̄(3+)-7804 and the diluting IR spectrumof 7804 extractant are measured.The complex structure is deduced and the extraction mechanismis discussed.The extraction equilibrium constants of americium and lanthanides are calculated.


Thanks to modern media everyone in Britain knows that there are people suffering from famine, war and deprivation around the world. From Haiti to Australia they are shown the suffering – so why don't they do anything?


We would like to start by congratulating the authors on some very interesting work. Indeed, the use of nonparametric regression (Bayesian or otherwise) to smooth out "noisy" evaluations of optimali...


The paper introduces the reader to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). The author explores the potential for using VRML to show users how to connect a PC to a home entertainment center.


Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Microstructure Array for Human Pulse Sensing 1. Abstract In this project, we designed a capacitive pressure sensor for blood pressure and human pulse detection using flexible copper film and PDMS [dielectric] microstructure sandwich structure. We observed a linear relation between force and change in capacitance and detected a human pulse [pressure]. This flexible nature of the device can used in designing a wireless and passive blood pressure sensor for continuous blood monitoring.


Introduction: It is known fact from the literature data that acute and chronic stress influence serum cortisol level. As with serum cortisol, the level of cortisol in saliva is also a reliable marker of stress. Material and method: this study was performed on 25 individuals, females, age 40-50 years. The participants were exposed to long term stress, held two jobs of 8 working hours, six days a weak, domestic work was not included. All of them were high educated, and none of them were on other medication therapy Aim: The Aim of this study was to evaluate possible differences in cortisol levels in stimulated and non stimulated saliva and serum and determine their association with long term stress. Results: Obtained results showed that cortisol level in saliva do not depend on saliva flow rate and increases in the afternoon period in individuals exposed to chronic stress. Correlation (r) between salivary cortisol and plasma cortisol is r= 0.91. Non-invasive sampling procedure suggests that saliva may be used for cortisol measurements in situations where blood sampling is difficult to perform.