Objective
To study the impact of nursing undergraduates' learning engagement, career decision-making difficulties, and academic self-concept on learning achievements.

Methods
In April 2018, 311 on-campus nursing undergraduates from grade 1-3 from School of Nursing, China Medical University were selected by cluster convenient sampling as the research objects in this study. Learning Engagement Questionnaire, Undergraduate Students' Career Decision-making Difficulty Questionnaire, Undergraduate Students' Academic Self-concept Questionnaire, Undergraduate Students' Learning Achievement Questionnaire were used to investigate them. This study analyzed the relationship between learning achievements and learning engagement, career decision-making difficulties, academic self-concepts. AMOS 24.0 software was used to construct a structural equation model between the four aspects.

Results
The average score of items in the Undergraduate Students' Learning Achievement Questionnaire was (4.58±0.78) ; the average score of items in the Learning Engagement Questionnaire was (3.58±0.55) ; the average score of items in the Undergraduate Students' Career Decision-making Difficulty Questionnaire was (2.79±0.58) ; and the average score of items in the Undergraduate Students' Academic Self-concept Questionnaire was (3.52±0.62) . There were correlations between learning achievements and learning engagement, career decision-making difficulties and academic self-concept of nursing undergraduates (r=0.592, -0.375, 0.635; P<0.01) , and academic self-concept had the strongest direct positive effect on learning achievements (β=0.67) , followed by the direct positive effect of learning engagement on learning achievements (β=0.63) . There was a significant positive correlation between learning engagement and academic self-concept (β=0.74) .

Conclusions
The learning achievement of nursing undergraduates is influenced bi-directionally by learning engagement, academic self-concept and career decision-making difficulty. The career decision-making difficulty has a negative effect and the impact is the weakest. It can be achieved by improving the academic self-concept of nursing undergraduates, enhancing students' learning engagement and reducing career decision-making difficulties to obtain more learning achievements.

Key words:
Students, nursing; Undergraduates; Learning engagement; Career decision-making; Academic self-concept; Learning achievements


Many businesses today are using the World Wide Web (WWW) to create a compelling presence and this phenomenon is projected to sustain in the near future. Organizations are increasingly using websites not only to capture but also to build relationships with their desired markets. However, research into the effectiveness of B2C websites remains highly fragmented and user-centric, ignoring the views of web-designers. This study therefore aims to investigate what web-designers consider as attributes of " effective " B2C websites. Twenty web-designers were interviewed using Kelly's (1955) Repertory Grid Technique in order to elicit factors that they consider important when designing or developing B2C websites. Using Grounded Theory approach, these elicited data were then classified into 14 meta-categories. The intensive nature of the interviews eventually gave rise to a comprehensive set of factors that broadens the base of existing literature on website effectiveness.


This paper presents a novel approach for incorporating noncuboidal and rotated cuboidal sources of magnetic field in 3-D Fourier modeling. Based on the periodicity present in the geometry, a Fourier integral is applied in two directions. By changing the integration boundaries in the y-direction to a linear function of the x-direction, nonideally shaped magnetic field sources (i.e., coils and permanent magnets) are incorporated. From the electromagnetic example geometries analyzed in this paper, the magnetic field as derived with 3-D Fourier is over 99% accurate compared to 3-D finite-element models.


Acquisition of tactile data requires a direct contact with the object, and in order to achieve object recognition, the process of moving and positioning the sensor to probe the object surface is often time consuming. The paper explores the use of visual information, in form of features extracted by a visual attention system, to guide the tactile data acquisition process. To reduce the effort and time required by the real data collection, the data acquisition procedure is first simulated. This enables the identification of the most promising selective data acquisition algorithm that allows for the recognition of the probed objects based on the acquired tactile data. Several features and classifiers are tested for this purpose. Among them, an improved version of a computational visual attention model associated with the k-nearest neighbors algorithm obtained the best performance (94.51%) during the simulation, while a performance of 68.75% is obtained with the same visual attention model combined with the Naïve Bayes algorithm when using real measurements collected with a piezo-resistive tactile sensor array.


The subject of this research study is the quantification of corporate value creation in relation to the level of the financial security of a company's functioning. The research aims to compare the two mechanisms. Assessments concern the degree of the balancing of effects in the context of value creation and financial security sustainable management. The analysed entities comprise all the manufacturing enterprises in Poland in 2007–2018, included in public statistical data. In light of the above, the study is unique in character, comprising the broadest possible range of entities. The results support the main hypothesis—which is subordinated to the study's adopted main target—as well as five sub-hypotheses. The study employs a multifaceted logit model of financial security, and the multifaceted value measure. The paper examines value drivers as well as financial security explanatory variables. The study makes use of cause and effect analysis, object relocation analysis and an analysis of the variability and clustering of objects. On the basis of the detailed research findings, the following rule was demonstrated: there is a directly proportional relationship between the effects of the value creation process and the ensuring of financial security in manufacturing enterprises (compliance with the sustainable management principle).


Four new species of the Stenus indubius group from China are described: S. yaoluopingus Hu Tang, sp. n. from Anhui Province, S. lizipingus Hu Tang, sp. n., and S. fuscus Hu Tang, sp. n. from Sichuan Province, and S. absconditus Hu Tang, sp. n. from Guizhou Province. The diagnostic characters of the new species are illustrated and a published key to Chinese species of the group by Puthz, 2017 is modified to include the new species. Additional records of some species of the group are also provided.


Purpose: This article deals with modelling and design of embedded autonomous microsystems able to harvest energy from their close environment. Due to their numerous functionalities, progress in electronics and the development of wireless applications, microsystems are used in a wide range of applications. Moreover, they require a large autonomy to ensure reliability and avoid maintenance operations. We focus on energy harvesting to power them by replacing the conventional energy source with an energy harvester. Different sources can be used but one difficulty is to select the most adapted to a specific application and choose the energy harvester architecture to get an efficient system. Method: A decision support to design autonomous microsystems working by harvesting energy is proposed. It aims to support designer's decisions from qualitative representation to physical models. Our multidisciplinary approach is based on the identification, analysis, modelling and minimization of antagonist flows and effects through a system-level model to estimate the energy that can be harvested. Result: The method is illustrated through a validation case dealing with the displacement and deformation measurement of a cantilever beam with an accelerometer. The aim is to choose the energy source and the architecture of the energy harvester to satisfy the requirements. Discussion & Conclusion: Through the application, this paper demonstrates the relevance of our tool in aiding the design of the energetic part of an autonomous embedded microsystem. We can also note that our top-down approach can be use as a decision tool.


In this paper, the performance of blind adaptive receivers for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems that employ stochastic gradient (SG) algorithms with variable step size mechanisms is investigated. Two low complexity variable step size mechanisms are proposed for estimating the parameters of linear CDMA receivers that operate with SG algorithms. For multipath channels the novel adaptation mechanisms are also incorporated in the channel estimation algorithms, whereas for the single-path case the novel techniques are restricted to the linear receiver parameter vector estimation. Analytical expressions for the excess mean squared error (MSE) are derived and a convergence analysis of the proposed adaptation techniques is carried out for both frequency selective and flat scenarios. Finally, numerical experiments are presented for nonstationary environments, showing that the new mechanisms achieve superior performance to previously reported methods at a reduced complexity


For a common class of two-dimensional (2D) mechanisms called 1-dof tree-decomposable linkages, we present a software package, CayMos, which uses new theoretical results from Sitharam and Wang [2014] and Sitharam et al. [2011a, 2011b] to implement efficient algorithmic solutions for (a) meaningfully representing and visualizing the connected components in the Euclidean realization space; (b) finding a path of continuous motion between two realizations in the same connected component, with or without restricting the realization type (sometimes called orientation type); and (c) finding two "closest" realizations in different connected components.


The aim of this paper is to conduct a cultural analysis of financial slogans based on the theoretical framework of Geert Hofstede. We chose to focus on the case of the United States of America and the sample includes slogans from two types of financial institutions offering similar services: banks and (federal) credit unions, further divided into "local" and "national" according to their reach, i.e. the number of US states where they have branches, thus making direct interaction with customers possible. The methodology relies on empirical research and content analysis. First, the choice of the sample is explained, as well as the way it is organized. The paper then proceeds to demonstrate the need to adapt the Hofstede model to the nature of the sample by focusing only on the appropriate cultural dimensions. The actual analysis begins with a brief cultural overview of the U.S.A., as this is the background against which the approach of US bank and (federal) credit union slogans should be set. The findings are first presented in column charts and the cultural aspects are quantified based on their number of occurrences in the sampled slogans. We then proceed to identify and map the underlying values that slogans convey according to the cultural aspect illustrated. Several things emerge at this point: from a general perspective – although the sample is limited in this respect – the cultural values represented by the slogans of national financial institutions fit the national pattern (high individualism, masculinity). Local banks and credit unions, however, generally value the opposite cultural aspects i.e., primarily, collectivism and femininity, as their physical presence is limited, most of the time, to a single US state, which in turn creates the need to appeal to a smaller target audience regarded as a community. Some interesting findings also emerge at this point, such as unconventional slogans and the concept of "unbanking" preferred by credit unions. The whole approach leads to the conclusion that the size, type and reach of the financial institutions have a direct impact on the cultural values portrayed, and implicitly on the rhetoric and cultural encoding of their slogans.


In this paper, we show how endogenously determined intrinsic mo-
tivation a¤ects the rents dissipated in a contest. If players just add an
intrinsic bene…t to their taking part in the contest, then in the unique
Nash equilibrium all players activate their intrinsic motivation. Most
important, if the intrinsic value players attach to their taking part
in the contest is su¢ ciently high, overdissipation of rents occurs. If,
however, players maximize a weighted sum of extrinsic and intrinsic
payo¤s, they deactive their intrinsic motivation and overdissipation of
rents does not occur.


The need to prepare foreign language learners for successful cross-cultural communication increases the importance of developing their pragmatic competence. However, due to different factors, classroom procedures are still largely dominated by form-focused instruction and manipulation, and the focus on pragmatic phenomena remains somewhat neglected or marginalised. The present study looks into teachers' awareness of the pragmatic domain and its impact on their attitudes and approaches to developing the pragmatic component of communicative competence. Data analysis showed that most of the teachers are aware of the main issues involved in teaching pragmatic competence. They were able to name different speech acts and give a variety of appropriate examples. However, about 43% couldn't name any speech acts or gave wrong answers. Teachers' awareness of pragmatic appropriacy was demonstrated in the extensive lists of topics and behaviours which they considered inappropriate in cross-cultural encounters.


Excitotoxicity results in a significant increase in Ca2+ influx; essentially from open N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) channels that cause a secondary rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. It is correlated with neuronal death induced by Ca2+ overload. Dysfunction of NMDARs is associated with excitotoxic neuronal death in neurodegenerative disorders. In this s tudy, the effects of hemin on Ca2+ permeability in neurons of C57BL/6 mouse brain examined. Isolated from 1-dayold C57BL/6 mice, were cultured in serum-free media. Cells were maintained in growth medium at 37◦C in 95% air/5% CO2 for 2 weeks in vitro before treatment. Primary neurons were cultured in serum-free media were treated with hemin (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75,100 μM) for 18 (h). Intensity of calcium fluorescence was reduced in treated cultures with hemin (100, 86, 78.5, 60, 56, 46%, respective to the concentrations s tated previously; P<0.05 for all). Hemin increased Ca2+ influx in cultured neurons. NMDAR s timulation by hemin increased the activating of NMDARs and Ca2+ influx in the cultured neurons. Therefore, heminis cytotoxic due to increase of intracellular Ca2+ influx.


Comparing with Ancient Chinese, passive sentences in Modern Chinese have been increasingly used, and patient subjects in them are not limited to noun phrases with a high animacy and the binding force for the sentential meaning of "suffering" and "misfortune" has largely loosened as well. As the commonest pattern in passive sentences, the same case for "Bei" (被) Passives. It is well known that "Bei" (被) Passives is a sort of difficult syntax pattern in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and errors often occur in the use of "Bei" (被) Passives for a large number of second language learners who take Chinese as their target language. We admit that the usage of "Bei" (被) Passives has a certain connection with the linguistic animacy, while the reason for errors occur in this Chinese sentence "Wo (我) zai (在) dianti (电梯) kou (口) bei (被) ren (人) xiao (笑) le (了) xiao (笑)" is the semantic feature constraint.


Pump controllable nanosecond optical delay and advance lines have been demonstrated using colloid CdSe quantum dots. The delay/advance time and the transition between delay and advance can be easily manipulated by a pump beam.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: this invention refers to a system for polymer dilution including a mixing tank, a pump and a strainer. The mixing tank is designed for reception of polymers, water and the incoming stream to form a polymer solution comprising swollen polymers, and to output the polymer solution. The strainer is designed for polymer solution reception and removal of at least part of the swollen polymer with no substantial deterioration due to the shift, thereby generating a resulting solution, wherein the dissolved polymers are swollen, at least, partially. The pump is designed for reception and return of the obtained solution to the incoming solution stream. For some options, the strainer and the pump work together to maintain the viscosity of the solution substantially within the predetermined range. EFFECT: system of rapid polymer dissolution to a fully activated solution. 16 cl, 4 dwg, 2 tbl, 2 ex


Abstract Background Undocumented atrial fibrillation (AF) is suspected as a main stroke cause in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), but its prevalence is largely unknown. This prospective study therefore aimed at delineating the prevalence of AF in patients with ESUS using continuous cardiac monitoring by implantable loop recorder (ILR) with daily remote interrogation over a period of 3 years and its clinical consequences, including recurrent stroke. Methods In consecutive patients with an ESUS diagnosis after complete work-up, an ILR was implanted and followed by daily remote monitoring until AF was detected or a follow-up of at least 3 years was completed. Additionally, the ILR was interrogated in-hospital in 6-month intervals. Results A total of 123 patients (74 male, mean age 65 ± 9 years) were enrolled and completed the 3 years study period. AF was detected in 51 patients (41.4%). In 43 of the 51 AF positive patients (84%) oral anticoagulation was established. Recurrent strokes occurred in 18 patients (14.6%) of this ESUS population, 9 of these patients being AF positive (17.6% of the AF-positive patients) and 9 being AF negative (12.5% of AF-negative patients). Patients with AF were slightly older than patients without AF (63.1 ± 8.8 vs. 67.5 ± 9.6 years, p = 0.12). Other parameters such as CHA2DS2-VASc score, infarct localization, micro- and macroangiopathy, carotid or aortic plaques, or stroke recurrence were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion In ESUS patients, early implantation of an ILR with cardiac monitoring and remote transmission over a 3-year period detected AF in 41.4% and resulted in oral anticoagulation in 84% of these patients.


Scholars explain ??? in Prov 8,30 as nursling, advisor, or architect. Analysis of Prov 8,22-31 shows that Wisdom's autobiography contains exclusively life cycle terms relating to gestation, birth, and maturation. Accordingly, the only contextually valid meaning of ??? is nursling. Difficulties perceived in this interpretation are contrived and of no substance. The interpretation defended here is proven decisively by the previously unnoticed existence of transitive association indicating a bonded conceptual pairing between ??? and ???????. Although nursling is the only valid primary meaning of ??? in this context, it is slightly possible that other interpretations are legitimate secondary meanings, on the level of intentional wordplays and double entendres.


The sea ice frozen on polar ocean forms a new interface between the upper ocean and the lower atmosphere. Sea ice plays an important part in the climate and environment system of Earth through its modifying role in radiative and energy balances, prevent the exchange of heat and moisture between the ocean and atmosphere. The salt reject during processes of sea ice freezing affects the ocean structure and circulation. Sea ice also affects the weather and climate at the South Ocean and Antarctic continent. The area of Antarctic sea ice takes about 58% of all the area of south hemisphere cryosphere, and 3.58% of Earth surface area. The seasonal sea ice area in Antarctica is about 83% of all sea ice area. The area of sea ice in Antarctica decreases to the smallest, about 3×10~6km~2, at February in the end of Austral summer; the area increases to the largest, around 18×10~6km~2,at September in the end of Austral winter, the fluctuant range for one year-living sea ice is about 15×10~6km~2. The seasonal change of sea ice is larger than 500%, one of the greatest seasonal surface changes on Earth. The inter-annual variations of sea ice zones are big. Antarctic sea ice area is one of key regions, which affect the global climate and environment in season and inter-annual. To understand sea ice processes and the interactions between ocean and atmosphere in sea ice area are the main objectives of international Antarctic sea ice and climate programs. Some progresses of research on sea ice and clime, and international programs on Antarctic sea ice are reviewed.


L-PL be con verted to Dor L-PA and the Lor Denantiomer might remain intact, respectively. Consequently, the racemic mixture could be resolved into D-PA and L-PL, or D-PL and L-PA as shown in Scheme 1. In the case of L-PL-specific lactonase, the optical purity of the remaining D-PL might be low, except when the hydrolysis of LPL is complete. On the other hand, using the D-PL-specific lactonase, D-PA with high optical purity could be constantly obtained independently of hydrolysis yield. Therefore, we investigated the enzymatic resolution of racemic PL with D-PL-specific lactonase of F. oxysporum. When F. oxysporum cells were incubated with DL-PL, only D-PL was hydrolyzed to D-PA; suggesting that F. oxysporum cells as well as the purified lactonase catalyze the enantioselective hydrolysis of PL. Under the optimized conditions, D-PL in a racemic mixture of 5380 mM PL (700 mg/ml) was stereospecifically hydrolyzed to D-PA by the fungal cells with automatically controlling the pH of the reaction mixture at 7.0 with 15 M NH40H. The formation of L-PA was barely detected. After 24 h, the concentration ofPL hydrolyzed in the reaction mixture reached 2480 roM (322 mg/ml) with an optical purity of 96% ee for D-PA.


The Butte Valley region includes an area of about 600 square miles, between long 121°37' and 122°10' W. and lat 41°38' and 42° N., in northern Siskiyou County, Calif. U.S. Highway 97, connecting Weed with Klamath Falls, traverses the region in a northeasterly direction, and the Southern Pacific railroad serves several small farming communities in Butte Valley. The region is near the west edge of the Modoc plateau. It includes along its western border a part of the Cascade Range, Butte and Red Rock Valleys, the Oklahoma district, and a prominent northwestward-trending fault block (the Mahogany Mountain ridge) which separates Butte Valley fro-n the Oklahoma district and the Lower Klamath Lake marshland. Geologic units have been divided into two groups: Volcanic rocks which range in age from Eocene to Recent; and sedimentary rocks whi^h range in age from Pliocene to Recent. From oldest to youngest the volcanic rocks include: (a) Predominantly andesitic lavas and pyroclastic rocks comprising the volcanic r?cks of the "Western Cascades"; (b) older volcanic rocks of the "High Cascades"; (c) basaltic flows and pyroclastic rocks east of the Cascade Rang^; and (d) younger volcanic rocks of the "High Cascades." Volcanic rocks of the "Western Cascades" are the oldest rocks in the region. They range in age from late Eocene to late Miocene. These rocks are chiefly pyroxene andesite, and andesitic tuff-breccia, but include lesser amounts of basalt, rhyolite, and associated pyroclastic rocks. In most places they are badly decomposed and less permeable than the younger volcanic rocks. They are best exposed in the Klamath River canyon, wh^re the prevailing dips are to the east and northeast. The angle of dip d'minishes in these directions from about 15° near the base of the series to nearly zero where the rocks disappear beneath a younger series of volcanic rocks designated on plate 1 as the older volcanic rocks of the "High Cascades." The volcanic rocks of the "Western Cascades" are at least 12,000 feet thick. The older volcanic rocks of the "High Cascades," which UE conformably overlie the volcanic rocks of the "Western Cascades," are Pliocene and Pleistocene (?) in age. They consist chiefly of basalt and basaltic andesite that spread out in successive sheets from a chain of northward-trendinr shield volcanoes built along the crest of the Cascade Range. Here the topography is almost wholly constructional, and even the oldest cones retain irnch of their original shape. East of the Cascade Range several large dome-shaped lava cones and most of the northwestward-trending fault block called Mahogany 2 GEOLOGY AND GROUND WATER, BUTTE VALLEY Mountain ridge are composed of volcanic rocks of similar litholojry. In most places the older volcanic rocks of the "High Cascades" are highly fractured and moderately permeable; they serve as a large intake area and groundwater reservoir. East of the Cascade Range, basalt of Pleistocene and Recent age issued from vents and fissures and spread out over alluvial deposits and laVe sediments in the southern parts of Butte and Red Rock Valleys and the Lover Klamath Lake marshland. One of these flows the Butte Valley basalt forms the most productive water-bearing formation in the region. In the southwestern part of Butte Valley, where it is overlain by about 20 to 60 fee'; of alluvial materials and lake deposits, this basaltic flow is an excellent aquifer. Yields of more than 100 gpm (gallons per minute) for each foot of drawdown are common and yields of 1,000 gpm for each foot of drawdown have been recorded. Late Pleistocene and Recent lava flows and cinder cones in the Cascade Range and extensive basaltic extrusions near Sharp Mountain are important chiefly as recharge (intake) areas for ground water. Sedimentary deposits range in age from Pliocene to Recent. The oldest of these deposits is a massive fresh-water diatomite which under1 ies a large part of the Oklahoma district. The diatomite is impermeable, but wells penetrating interbedded sand or cindery lapilli lenses in the diftomite may yield moderate quantities of water. Glacial moraines and fluvioglacial outwash deposits of late Pleistocene age occur near the mouth of Butte Creek canyon. These deposits are unstratified or poorly sorted and commonly are only slightly permeable. Semiconsolidated lake deposits, ranging in age from Pleistocene to Recent, underlie most of the Butte Valley plain. West of U.S. Highway 97 these deposits are composed principally of impermeable layers of clay, tfiatomaceous clay, and volcanic ash. However, east of U.S. Highway 97, and especially near the eastern border of the valley, the lake deposits contain a larger percentage of sand, and permeabilities range from about 50 to 230 gpd per square foot as determined from tests made in 3 pumped wells. Alluvial-fan deposits on the west side of Butte Valley range from Pleistocene to Recent in age. They are composed of poorly sorted rock debris derived from the Cascade Range and are only slightly permeable. Areas mapped as alluvium include thin beds of gravel, sand, dry, and peat covering older lake deposits in Butte Valley and the area around Lower Klamath Lake. They include also small playa deposits, poorly sorted alluvium collected in broad, shallow basins and depressions, and alluvluir in present intermittent stream channels. In most places alluvium forms a thin cover resting on lava flows or lake deposits. In general the alluviuir is slightly permeable and of little hydrologic importance except in the southwestern part of Butte Valley, where it consists of sand and gravel, ranging in thickness from 20 to 60 feet and rests on the Butte Valley basalt. In tl is area the alluvium probably yields moderate quantities of water to wells. Elsewhere the alluvium is largely above the saturated zone and is important chiefly because of its ability to absorb precipitation and surface runoff which percolate through it into underlying rocks. Linear wedge-shaped talus strips, formed at the foot of precipitous fault scarps, are partly concealed beneath and probably interfinger with alluvium and lake deposits. The blocky talus debris is very permeable and, where saturated, yields water readily to wells.


The formation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nascent fibers in wet-spinning process was studied by KMnO4 back titration method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been found that the rate of DMSO diffusion was rapid at the beginning of coagulation then decreased and reached balance at 24 s. With coagulation time increase, the nascent fibers became denser and had fewer inner defects gradually, but transverse stripes appeared on the surface at 24 s, and got deeper. The main defects of nascent fibers included transverse stripes, impurity, fish tail, inner microvoids etc. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007


Oregon State University Libraries are committed to increasing electronic access to information. The catalog, myriad databases, and a small collection of e-books are accessible over the Internet. OSU Libraries are now focusing attention on access to primary science journals. Using an existing library liaison network, we conducted an informal e-mail poll of science faculty. We asked them for lists of the "top ten" journals that they would like to access electronically. These faculty lists have been compiled into an Excel spreadsheet for analysis. Other data added to the spreadsheet include the publisher, whether or not the Libraries have a current subscription (print or electronic), cost of the subscription, licensing conditions and the ISI impact factors and rankings. We are using this information to set priorities for the allocation of staff time and available funding to develop the online science journal collection.


It has been 15 years since Dr Abraham Bergman1 wrote his poignant essay for Pediatrics on resident stress. In some ways, it seems little has changed in those 15 years in the area of resident stress. Many of the points raised in Dr Bergman's article are still relevant today. However, pediatric residents have recently entered a new era in pediatric education and training led by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME).2 The ACGME has established guidelines that limit the number of hours a pediatric resident can work per shift, as well as per week. The guidelines set new standards for "competencies" in which residents should be trained as well as new ways that administrators must track and evaluate residents' progress. The ACGME expects full compliance with these guidelines beginning July 1, 2003. As residents look forward with anticipation and hope to what changes these new guidelines will bring, it seems an appropriate time to revisit Dr Bergman's article and evaluate the past and current sources of resident stress. This commentary will consider which sources of stress described by Dr Bergman are still relevant today, and whether the advent of the ACGME guidelines will alleviate any of these stressors for tomorrow's pediatric house officer.

Global causes of resident stress, as Dr Bergman explains, include the developmental milestones that pediatric residents must face as adults learning to balance their personal and professional lives. Dr Bergman lists the development of autonomy, individuation from one's parents, and wrestling with financial independence as global causes of resident stress. These stressors are much the same today, as every new physician must struggle with his/her new role and new identity of being a physician. The development of financial independence continues to be a large source of stress for today's debt-laden residents. The Future …

Address correspondence to Megan A. Moreno, MD, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 3009 Stevens St, Madison, WI 53705. E-mail: ma.moreno{at}hosp.wisc.edu


Democratization of machine learning requires architectures that automatically adapt to new problems. Neural Differential Equations (NDEs) have emerged as a popular modeling framework by removing the need for ML practitioners to choose the number of layers in a recurrent model. While we can control the computational cost by choosing the number of layers in standard architectures, in NDEs the number of neural network evaluations for a forward pass can depend on the number of steps of the adaptive ODE solver. But, can we force the NDE to learn the version with the least steps while not increasing the training cost? Current strategies to overcome slow prediction require high order automatic differentiation, leading to significantly higher training time. We describe a novel regularization method that uses the internal cost heuristics of adaptive differential equation solvers combined with discrete adjoint sensitivities to guide the training process towards learning NDEs that are easier to solve. This approach opens up the blackbox numerical analysis behind the differential equation solver's algorithm and directly uses its local error estimates and stiffness heuristics as cheap and accurate cost estimates. We incorporate our method without any change in the underlying NDE framework and show that our method extends beyond Ordinary Differential Equations to accommodate Neural Stochastic Differential Equations. We demonstrate how our approach can halve the prediction time and, unlike other methods which can increase the training time by an order of magnitude, we demonstrate similar reduction in training times. Together this showcases how the knowledge embedded within Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Julia Computing Massachusetts Institute of Technology Pumas AI University of Maryland Baltimore. Correspondence to: Avik Pal <firstname.lastname@example.com>, Christopher Rackauckas <email@example.com>. Proceedings of the 38 th International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR 139, 2021. Copyright 2021 by the author(s). Figure 1. Training and Prediction Performance of Regularized NDEs We obtain an average training and prediction speedup of 1.45x and 1.84x respectively for our best model on supervised classification and time series problems. state-of-the-art equation solvers can be used to enhance machine learning.


An efficient oxidation of oximes to their corresponding ketones and aldehydes with Jones reagent supported on kieselguhr under heterogeneous conditions at room temperature in the yield between 84 and 93% is described. The present procedure is an extension of application of Jones reagent supported on kieselguhr.


(I): cis-4a, lOb-Dihydro-3,6,1Ob-trimethylnaphtho[2,1-e][ 1,2,4]trioxin-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, C16HlsOs, M r = 2 9 0 . 3 , monoclinic, P2l/a, a = 2 4 . 4 7 4 ( 4 ) , b = 7 . 7 9 8 ( 8 ) , c = 8 . 1 5 0 ( 8 ) A , f l = 106.95 (2) °, U = 1487.8 (3)/k 3, Z = 4, D x = 1.30 Mg m -a, ;I.(Cu Ka) = 1.54178/~, # = 0 . 7 1 0 m m -1, F ( 0 0 0 ) = 616, T 293 K, final R = 0.047 for 2367 unique diffractometer data [Fo> 3a(Fo)]. (II): cis-4a,7a-Dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-6,7adiphenyl-7H-cyclopenta[ 1,2,4]trioxin, C20H2003, Mr = 308.4, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 17.144 (4), b = 5.771(1) , c = 1 7 . 7 2 0 ( 4 ) A , f l = 1 1 0 . 6 4 ( 2 ) ° , U = 1640.7 (6) A 3, Z = 4, D x = 1.25 Mg m -3, 2(Cu Ka) = 1.54178 A, # = 0 . 5 8 4 mm -l, F(000) = 656, T = 293 K, final R = 0.042 for 2577 unique diffractometer data [Fo> 3a(Fo)]. cis-Fusion of 1,2,4-trioxane [to cyclohexadiene in (I) and cyclopentene in (II)] is confirmed. The heterocycle adopts a chair conformation in (I) and a twist-boat form in (II). The C O bond lengths in (I) and (II) cover a wide range [1.401 (1)-1.444 (1) A], as is found in other trioxanes. Introduction. The 1,2,4-trioxane ring is the key substructural feature of the antimalarial Qinghaosu [Qinghaosu Antimalarial Coordinating Research Group, 1979; crystal structure: Academica Sinica * External Staff, Medical Research Council. 0108-2701/86/070829-04501.50 Qingahaosu Research Group (hereinafter ASQRG), 1980]. There is considerable current pharmaceutical and structural interest in this unusual heterocycle, for which few reliable synthetic routes were previously known. Recently, however, Jefford and co-workers have shown that high yields of 1,2,4-trioxanes are produced via catalytic reactions of ketones and aldehydes with 1,2-dioxetanes (Jefford, Boukouvalas & Kohmoto, 1983), 1,4-endoperoxides (Jefford, Jaggi, Boukouvalas & Kohmoto, 1983), and allylic hydroperoxides (Jefford, Jaggi, Kohmoto, Boukouvalas & Bernardinelli, 1984). Here we present X-ray results for two derivatives (I, II) prepared via the second of these


The exact analytical expressions for deflection of plane truss structures of various kinds are presented. Deflection of trusses calculated by the formula of the Maxwell-Mohr on the assumption of elastic elements of its work and with the help of the method of induction on the number of panels is given. A comparative analysis with known solutions is given too. We study the quantitative and qualitative features of solutions. Identifies characteristics and limits on the number of panels characteristics are shown. Research carried out with the support of the computer mathematic program Marle in symbolic form. For comparison, solutions and test were made with using a multifunctional software package Lira, which is intended for the de- sign and calculation of building and engineering structures


A simulation model was used to explore the possible alterations of nephron function which could result in the development of the relationships between solute free water clearance and osmolar clearance


This paper describes the system used for the University of Sussex team's participation in the MUC-5 message understanding trials. What is described below is the result of 12 person-months of intensive effort over six months to adapt a pre-existing system, designed with very different objectives and application in mind, to the MUC-5 English Joint Ventures task. This task, starting from cold, is colossal: the overhead of understanding the task, the training data, the scoring, the background resources, of developing a suitable harness for the system, not to mention sorting out contractual arrangements, leaves little time for even basic porting - actual development tailored to the task was a very remote prospect. So, despite the quirks and failings exposed by the discussion below of the 'walkthrough' example, we are pleased with our system's performance, and believe the effort to have been a worthwhile part of our ongoing research.


This chapter traces the rise of the term empowerment from its early influences through the 1970s and 1980s, when it became a topic of great interest to activists, policymakers, and those in the helping professions, through to contemporary empowerment theory and practice. Particular attention is paid to a multilevel framework for empowerment that has been advanced by community psychologists. This framework posits inextricable and context-specific empowerment processes and outcomes at the psychological, organizational, and community levels of analysis. This conceptualization has been influential in interdisciplinary scholarship and practice, yet work is still needed to coherently link this framework to the concept of community power, as well as to enhance its ability to illuminate dynamic organizational and community processes.


Lexical teaching is an important link in English teaching.In China,however,influenced by the traditional teaching method,this link is neglected in the methods of college English teaching.the traditional teaching method---correcting wrong pronunciations,finding Chinese equivalents,and making sentences---is so simple that students who are taught in such a way are always misusing words in speaking,writing and translating English because they fail to master the lexical meaning and usage.Based on the "lexical triangle" theory and the modern linguistics,a discussion is made on principles and methods of the English words teaching.


An entomological survey revealed that the distribution of the Lutzomyia species in Merida, Venezuela, varies with altitude. Of the 21 species encountered, 12 (57%) are known to be anthropophilic. The significance of the predominant man-biting species at any altitude is discussed in terms of the risk of transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The general parous rate (and perhaps the ability of a female sandfly to survive oviposition and transmit Leishmania parasites during a second or subsequent bloodmeal) was found to be related to rainfall and altitude. The finding of Leishmania infections in wild-caught parous females of anthropophilic species indicates the high risk of acquiring leishmaniasis in the study area. Observations on the feeding habits of the sandflies indicate that some species are opportunistic feeders, attracted to a variety of hosts, including man.


The philosophy of this NATO Advanced Research Workshop and the monograph it has yielded is that if you put a small number of very talented and creative scientists of different backgrounds and documented accomplishments together in a cloistered place for a few days to consider a very important and timely topic, many new ideas will be generated. The keynote of this conference was the Future. By this we mean the expected future developments of highly reliable sequential quantitative measurements of atherosclerotic plaque size and components in living human subjects. Some of the best minds and the most experienced and talented individuals at the leading edges of imaging of arteries were involved; some of the best scientists and students of the atherosclerotic plaque and its components participated; and some of the leading investigators of the cell biology or, as we call it in the USA, the pathobiology of atherosclerosis, contributed important new information. All of these individuals were actively involved in the conference and each obviously had carefully prepared and was able to communicate effectively.


Next step for reform of geophysics after conclusion, that Earth's density is overestimated, should be- reestimation of terrestrial internal water content. This could prompt new look to earthquakes phenomena, Expanding Earth theory and other geophysical oddities.


The introduction of ICT in the educational system is clearly evident because of the many advantages for professors and students. Our main objective is to improve the development of reading comprehension in students of Primary Education through the use of technologies, specifically with the Jclic application; a tool that will allow the teacher to design activities designed for this purpose that, in addition, is easy to access and manage, therefore it can also serve for the teacher who wants to start using the technologies in the classroom. With our proposal we also aim to highlight and emphasize the importance of ICT in the teaching and learning process.


Abstract Debt plays a central role in shaping contemporary social and economic life, whether in austerity policies pursued by governments, in households financing their acquisition of homes as well as their daily spending, in students paying for their studies, or for those who struggle to meet their basic commitments who turn to payday lenders. Debt also plays a central role in financing private enterprise, and in the financial sector itself. Debt carries a curious ambivalence: on the one hand, it is an investment in a business, a home or a career, a source of prosperity; on the other, it carries the moral danger of 'living beyond one's means'. What does justice mean in a society shaped by debt? Does it mean the repayment of debt, increasing the wealth and power of creditors? Can repayment of debt return us toward a just society? Or is the overall increase of debt unlimited, with its control over life ever more pervasive? Does social justice require the forgiveness of unpayable debts? This article will explore such issues from a theological perspective, drawing on the thought of William Temple.


ABSTRACT If properly executed, parboiling, a hydrothermal treatment consisting of soaking, steaming, and drying of rice, substantially reduces its milling breakage susceptibility. Here, brown rice was soaked at 40, 55, or 65°C for different times (150 s to 240 min) and subsequently parboiled under standardized steaming and drying conditions. The moisture absorption during initial soaking induced fissures in more than 90% of the rice grains, which disappeared with further soaking. The fissuring incidence in the soaked rice samples was related to that of the parboiled rice samples. The extent of starch gelatinization during steaming increased with the moisture content of the soaked grains. In addition, as a result of starch gelatinization, the level of white bellies (i.e., parboiled grains with translucent outer layers and an opaque center) decreased from over 90% to less than 3%. Rice grains need to absorb sufficient moisture during soaking to minimize the level of breakage-susceptible white bellies and fi...


This research was conducted at Rigoberto Lopez Perez Institute on the use of English as a foreign language. It takes as the main approach the communicative skill or speaking. And it addresses the different problems or hindrances that make difficulty the development of the communicative skill in the students of the 11th year
A. It also approaches the strategies and methods and teaching resources used by the teacher to set an English environment. Therefore, it is vital to conduct this
investigation, because the obtained information can help to overcome weaknesses
and improve the English teaching system at Rigoberto Lopez Perez Institute. Also,
it can provide guidelines for the English professor to improve his teaching methods and strategies. All this is done to benefit students with a better teaching-learning
quality. This research main objective is to increase future performance in high school students. In addition, it also brings a warning for bilingual teachers to prevent repeating the same mistakes over and over in the future practice of teaching.
Moreover, between the specific objectives these research paper addresses to be external factors (noise), teaching strategies, effectiveness of teaching resources and
interest of the students to use English. This paper presents as essential the important role of interest in students to overcome their fears to speak and practice
the foreign language whether inside or outside the classroom. And it is urged to the teacher to take advantage of the student's interest to develop the activities and tasks.


Heterostructures with In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots and quantum wells grown at low substrate temperature were studied by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence methods. It is shown that InAs deposited onto (100) GaAs surface at low substrate temperature forms 2D clusters composed of separate quantum dots. Optical spectra of structures containing such clusters demonstrate emission in the 1.5–1.6 μm range. © 2003 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".


© Editorial matter and organization Andreas Niederberger and Philipp Schink, 2013 and The chapters their several authors, 2013.Prima facie, republicanism has a blind spot about global justice. The republican tradition seems to have little to say about pressing international issues such as world poverty or global inequalities. According to the old, if apocryphal, adage: extra rempublicam nulla justitia (there is no justice outside the republic). Some may doubt that distributive justice (as opposed to freedom or citizenship) is the primary virtue of republican institutions; and at any rate most would agree that republican values have traditionally been realized in the polis not in the (oxymoronic) cosmopolis. In this paper, I sketch a republican account of global nondomination that suggests that duties of distributive justice are not necessarily bounded to the institutions of a single society. In particular, I argue that republicans have good reasons to seek to curb those global inequalities that underpin what I call capability-denying domination. Because my main purpose is to set out an agenda for research in a still largely unexplored area, I can only provide here a preliminary sketch of this republican argument for global justice. In fact, it is not part of my claim that republicanism offers a full, coherent account of global justice; nor that republicanism is a more attractive theory than existing liberal cosmopolitan theory. I merely attempt to conceptualize the distinctive features of a republican approach to global justice, leaving a full assessment of its merits for subsequent inquiry.


Investment capital is very important basic data for railway investment project.It not only decides the capital contribution for each investor,but also affects the indices of the economic evaluation.This paper firstly analyzed the problems and reasons existed in the capital calculation in current economic evaluation process,and then proposed a dynamic algorithm for calculating the capital,which was reasoned from the static investment and the capital ratio.Through analyzing a case,the capital differences calculated respectively with the static or dynamic algorithms were compared for each investor,and the influences on the final economic evaluation indices were analyzed too.


This paper develops a decentralized H∞ filtering algorithm for a mobile sensor network. Each agent maintains an estimate of the target and moves to improve the information from its sensor. Simulation results compare the performance of the multi-agent system to a system using only local estimates when the network is tracking an evasive target.


The troubling inscrutability of providence, with its apparent lapses and contradictions, was a Renaissance commonplace. But for Philip Sidney, this very inscrutability offered a narrative opportunity. In his Old Arcadia, Sidney uses the gap between the future-oriented perspective of his characters and past-tense narration to show how moral agency interacts with an overarching providence. The paradoxes of human action in a divinely plotted world are embedded—and, ultimately, resolved—within the grammar of the text.


This paper studies the relationship between probabilistic inference in Bayesian networks and evaluation of in uence diagrams We clearly identify and separate from other computations probabilistic inference subproblems that must be solved in order to evaluate an in uence diagram This work leads to a new method for evaluating in uence diagrams where arbitrary Bayesian network inference algorithms can be used for probabilistic inference We argue that if the VE algorithm Zhang and Poole Zhang and Poole is used for probabilistic inference the new method is more e cient than the best previous methods Shenoy Jensen et al If a more e cient probabilistic inference algorithm such as the VEC algorithm Zhang and Poole or some approximation algorithm is used the new method can be even more e cient Keyword Decision analysis in uence diagrams Bayesian networks inference Introduction Traditionally decision analysis is carried out by using decision trees Rai a Decision trees grow exponentially in size as the number of decisions and observations increases A more compact framework called in uence diagrams was introduced by Howard and Matheson in In addition to being more compact than decision trees in uence diagrams are also more intuitive and reveal more problem structures They have enabled researchers to solve large decision problems that are beyond the capabilities of decision trees Bayesian networks Pearl are a knowledge representation framework for reasoning under uncertainty that is widely by AI researchers There is a rich collection of exact and approximate algorithms for inference in Bayesian networks An in uence diagram is an acyclic graph with three types of nodes random nodes decision nodes and a single value node while a Bayesian network is an acyclic graph consisting of only random nodes Evaluation of an in uence diagram refers to the process of nding optimal decision rules for its decision nodes Probabilistic inference in a Bayesian network refers to the process of computing the posterior probabilities of nodes of interest given observations It is widely recognized that in uence diagram evaluation and inference in Bayesian networks are closely related Shenoy Shachter and Peot Jensen et al This paper clari es the relationship by clearly identify and separate from other computations probabilistic inference subproblems that must be solved in order to evaluate an in uence diagram This work leads to a new method for evaluating in uence diagrams where arbitrary Bayesian network inference algorithms can be used for probabilistic inference Our work is built upon earlier e orts to utilize Bayesian network inference algo rithms in in uence diagram evaluation Shenoy has extended the idea behind a popular Bayesian network inference algorithm called junction tree propagation and proposed a fusion algorithm for evaluating in uence diagrams The algorithm was later re ned by Jensen et al in terms of strong junction trees propagation Shachter and Peot have shown how an in uence diagram can be transformed into a Bayesian network such that optimal decision rules can be computed by posing a sequence of queries to the Bayesian network The queries generated by Shachter and Peot s method can be answered by us ing arbitrary Bayesian network inference algorithms This means that progresses in Bayesian network inference can be readily used to bene t in uence diagram evalua tion Shenoy s fusion algorithm and strong junction tree propagation on the other hand are mixtures of probabilistic inference expected utility calculation and opti mization New advances in Bayesian network inference cannot be directly incorpo rated However Shachter and Peot s method is less e cient than Shenoy s fusion algorithm and strong junction tree propagation The new method proposed in this paper shares the advantage of Shachter and Peot s method When the VE algorithm Zhang and Poole Zhang and Poole is used for probabilistic inference the new method is also more e cient than Also known as cluster tree propagation and clique tree propagation Shenoy s fusion algorithm and strong junction tree propagation If a more e cient probabilistic inference algorithm such as the VEC algorithm Zhang and Poole or some approximation algorithm is used the new method can be even more e cient We shall begin with de nitions related to in uence diagrams Section and some technical preparations Section The foundation for our new method will be lead in Section and details will be worked out in Section The method will then be illustrated by using an example Section and compared to previous methods Section Conclusions will be presented in Section In uence diagrams In uence diagrams Howard and Matheson are acyclic graphs with three types of nodes decision nodes random nodes and value nodes The decision nodes rep resent decisions to make The random nodes represent random quantities relevant to the decisions Arcs into random nodes indicate probabilistic dependence and the dependence of a random node c upon its parents c is characterized by a conditional probability P cj c The value nodes represents components of the utility function y Each value node v is associated with a value function a real valued function fv v of the parents v of v The total utility function is the summation of all the value functions Arcs into decision nodes are indicate information availability and are some times called informational arcs In uence diagrams are required to satisfy several constraints Firstly value nodes cannot have children Secondly in uence diagrams must be regular in the sense that there must be a directed path that contains all the decision nodes The last decision node on such a path will be referred to as the tail decision node Thirdly they must be no forgetting in the sense that a decision node and its parents be parents to all subsequent decision nodes The rationale behind the no forgetting constraint is that information available now should also be available later if the decision maker does not forget Value networks refer to in uence diagrams that do not contain decision nodes Bayesian networks Pearl are in uence diagrams that consists of only random nodes In the following the terms nodes and variables will be used interchangeably Optimal polices We shall use x to denote the frame of variable x i e the set of possible values of x For a set X of variables X stands for the Cartesian product Q x X x Let d dk be all the decision nodes in an in uence diagram N A decision rule for a decision node di is a mapping i di di A policy is a list of decision rules k consisting of one rule for each decision node In the original de nition of in uence diagrams Howard and Matheson there is only one value node We allow multiple value nodes here so that separability in the utility function can be represented As a convention we say that there is only one possible policy the vacuous policy for value networks Given a decision rule i de ne a conditional probability P i dij di by P i dij di if i di di otherwise Since k we shall sometimes write P i dij di as P dij di Given a policy the decision nodes can be viewed as random nodes Ignoring the value nodes one can view N as a Bayesian network Let C and D be the set of random nodes and decision nodes respectively The Bayesian network represents the following joint probability P C D Y


The work on designing or adapting algebra systems to exploit parallel hmdware that we have seen to date has concentrated on trying the speed-up that can come from concurrent exploration of branches in search trees or overlapped computation in demanding algorithms. We in this paper, on the other hand, are almost exclusively concerned with the fact that large-scale parallel computers are frequently configured with very large amounts of primary memory. Our system distributes very large formulae across the multiple processors in such a parallel computer in such a way that calculations that would otherwise fail for lack of memory can be completed. Our initial system described here is designed to perform simple polynomial and power series calculations, but even in such apparently limited domains the easing of memory restrict ions can sometimes prove useful. Results from our system, called CABAL (Cambridge And Bath ALgebra-system), are included both from rune on sm~l networks of conventional workstations and using a Hitachi SR2201 massively parallel super-computer. The main result is a demonstration of the feasibility of the design.


Schoen RE, Pinsky PF, Weissfeld JL, Yokochi LA, Church T, Laiyemo AO, Bresalier R, Andriole GL, Buys SS, Crawford ED, Fouad MN, Isaacs C, Johnson CC, Reding DJ, O'Brien B, Carrick DM, Wright P, Riley TL, Purdue MP, Izmirlian G, Kramer BS, Miller AB, Gohagan JK, Prorok PC, Berg CD; PLCO Project Team. (Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh; Divisions of Cancer Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, and Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Westat and Information Management Services, Rockville, Maryland; Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu; Department of Health Studies and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, Howard University, and Georgetown University, Washington, DC; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Washington University, St Louis; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Anschutz Cancer Pavilion, University of Colorado, Denver; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA; and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.) Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality with screening flexible sigmoidoscopy. N Engl J Med 2012;366:2345–57.


At first,the paper enumerates the conceptions of culture of specialists.Secondly,it gives definition of the conception of examination culture(EC),which is the synthesis of political ideologies,the human behavior and social systems with examination.Then,the three attributes of EC is put forward and discussed through phenomena of social and events of history.At last,the paper is to call for the research of EC for establishing a more scientific and more advanced CE.


Phase-locking of a slave laser to weak incoming light is an essential ingredient of the laser transponders to be used in LISA. Here we report on an experiment to evaluate such a weak-light phase-locking scheme, in which two independent diode-pumped Nd:YAG non-planar ring oscillators are locked together with a 15 MHz frequency offset. With a weak-light intensity of 17 nW we observe close to shot-noise limited performance of the phase locking system over a frequency range from 800 Hz down to 10 Hz. Excess noise is observed at lower frequencies—reaching two orders of magnitude above the shot-noise limit at 10−4 Hz—most probably due to seismic and temperature effects on the optical layout. The level of the unlocked relative phase fluctuations is observed to be anomalously low, compared with that deduced from separate experiments in which one of the lasers was frequency stabilized to a reference cavity [1,2]. The possibility of partial injection locking of the lasers due to leakage light cannot be excluded. Ca...


The finest section of Calciferous sandstone in Fife is that seen on the coast, and extending from the east of St Monans to Anstruther. Further eastward and round Fife Ness towards St Andrews, the sections are never so extensive or so easy to read owing to their isolation by faults, crushes, and the repeated rolling of the strata. Some of these smaller detached masses are, however, of interest, when their position in the series can be determined, on account of the help they render to a better understanding of the palæontology of the main section. For while there are certain fossiliferous beds, such as the Encrinite bed at Pittenweem, and some marine shells and cement stones about Billow Ness that have, as it were, fixed palæontological features that can always be identified wherever found in Fife, there are other beds which vary or increase their fossil contents when away in these isolated patches of strata. This is notably the case at Randerstone, where the 400 feet or more of measures included in the section contain several thin limestones or cement stones, with much fuller suites of marine fossils than those found in the beds about Billow Ness, with which they are equivalent. Indeed, it is from these Randerstone limestones that we get the first good idea of marine life as it existed in the Fife area in early Carboniferous times. For though the marine cement stones about Anstruther Wester are probably still lower in the series they are not nearly


ABSTRACT Policy implementation in the European Union is most prominently analysed taking compliance as a conceptual starting point. However, compliance has an inherent top–down and state-centred bias. To overcome this limitation, a conceptual framework that links dimensions based on top–down/bottom–up implementation and vertical/horizontal multilevel governance is proposed. The thus derived four ideal-types of implementation in multilevel settings – centralization, agencification, convergence and networking – are complemented by functional expectations about policy-makers' strategic choices over these types. A screening of existing research completes the contribution. The results show that the suggested conceptualization offers indeed a comprehensive framework to describe the implementation strategies to propose avenues for future explanatory studies on strategic choices over implementation types.


NOUS stays for Netzwerk fur Ordnungsokonomik und Sozialphilosophie, or in English: "Network for constitutional economics and social philosophy", please visit the website ( https://nous.network/en/ ) to familiarize yourself with the intentions of the group. Currently, the Network has about 80 members, world famous professors in constitutional economics and law, history of ideas and institutions, politics and social philosophy. In addition, it cooperates with the Atlas Network and five institutes from Germany. This "German Connection" is logical – the attention to the Economics of Social Order (or constitutional economics, in more international professional slang) was, perhaps, most profoundly elaborated by German and Austrian social philosophers and economists. It is an information platform and a community for interdisciplinary research. Having met about 40 or so NOUS members personally and for years following their academic and non-academic publications, I am impress by their reasonable, highly intelligent and educated social and political (mostly via wring and media) activism. Practically all NOUS experts are members, founders and key leaders of think tanks, intellectual fora and academic/educational outlets. If I am not mistaken, at least one third of them are also members of the Mont Pelerin Society. The purpose of NOUS and prime motivation of its members, at least as I understand it, is well described as Das Glasperlenspiel, after Hermann Hesse novel that won him Nobel Prize for Literature in 1946 [1] - a liberal, moderated and enlightened discourse about social order and liberty. As such the Network organizes events and disseminates publications. The organization of events has accelerated in 2020 The dissemination of publications is done already for six years, and the collection is approximately 120 entries. Few of them disseminate information about notable publications like The Oxford Handbook on Austrian Economics or the Encyclopedia of Law and Economics (by the editors). All other essays and articles (the requirement is that must have been published before appearing on the NOUS website) deal with complex, deliberatively challenging subjects that, for one reason or another, remained and are not well covered by the main stream academia, publishing houses and media. The list of such publications may seem short but is, in fact, very rich. The "Publications" subpage ( https://nous.network/en/category/publications-en/ ) allows downloading from the source of the original publication. The "Opportunities" subpage would lead members and non-members to different calls for papers, courses, and open professorship, plus graduate and post-graduate programs and scholarships. Particularly attractive is NOUS' Young Affiliate Program: https://nous.network/en/network/young-affiliates/ . It gives the postgraduate members of YAP access to programs and events; the application is easy… Let me wish all interested readers pleasant intellectual endeavors, Krassen Stanchev, Responsible editor [1] The full title of the novel in English should read "The Glass Bead Game as an Attempt to Describe the Life of Magister Ludi Josef Knecht and the Writings Left by Knecht".


Modified Newtonian equations for gravitational orbits in the expanding Universe indicate that local gravitationally bounded systems like galaxies and planetary systems are unaffected by the expansion of the Universe. This result is derived for the space expansion described by the standard FLRW metric. In this paper, the modified Newtonian equations are derived for the space expansion described by the conformal cosmology (CC) metric. In this metric, the comoving and proper times are different similarly as the comoving and proper distances. As shown by Vavryčuk (Front. Phys. 2022), this metric is advantageous, because it properly predicts the cosmic time dilation, and fits the Type Ia supernova luminosity observations with no need to introduce dark energy. Surprisingly, the solution of the equations for gravitational orbits based on the CC metric behaves quite differently than that based on the FLRW metric. In contrast to the common opinion that local systems resist the space expansion, they expand according to the Hubble flow in the CC metric. The evolution of the local systems with cosmic time is exemplified on numerical modelling of spiral galaxies. The size of the spiral galaxies grows consistently with observations and a typical spiral pattern is well reproduced. The theory predicts flat rotation curves without an assumption of dark matter surrounding the galaxy. The theory resolves challenges to the ΛCDM model such as the problem of faint satellite galaxies, baryonic Tully-Fisher relation or the radial acceleration relation. Furthermore, puzzles in the solar system are successfully explained such as the Faint young Sun paradox or the Moon's and Titan's orbit anomalies.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of hepatic malignancies with high mortality and poor prognosis and is the third most common cause of malignancies death worldwide which is more than 700,000 deaths per year. Baicalein, one of the major and bioactive flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which is reported to have anti-proliferation effect in varying cancers, including HCC, whose underlying molecular mechanism is still largely unknown. In this study, the results showed that administration of baicalein significantly inhibited proliferation and colony formation, blocked cell cycle arrest at the S phase, and promoted apoptosis in HCC cells MHCC-97H and SMMC-7721 in vitro and reduced HCC tumor volume and weight in vivo. Increased microRNA (miR)‑3178 levels and decreased histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) expression were found in cells treated with baicalein and in patients' HCC tissues. HDAC10 was identified as a target gene of miR‑3178 by luciferase activity and western blot. Both baicalein treatment and overexpression of miR-3178 could down-regulate protein expression of HDAC10 and inactivated AKT, MDM2/p53/Bcl2/Bax and FoxO3α/p27/CDK2/Cyclin E1 signal pathways. Not only that, knockdown of miR‑3178 could partly abolish the effects of baicalein and the restoration of HDAC10 could abated miR-3178-mediated role in HCC cells. Collectively, baicalein inhibited cell viability, blocks cell cycle and induces apoptosis in HCC cells by regulating the miR‑3178/HDAC10 pathway. This finding indicated that baicalein might be promising for treatment of HCC.


Sustainable buildings are becoming a focus nowadays as they give impact towards society, environment and cost-effectiveness. Hospital has been categorized under commercial building category as the building built for commercial use is also aimed to be a sustainable hospital. Notably, sustainable hospital aims to serve health facilities for mankind and reduce greenhouse gasses emissions to the environment from the building at the same time. In term of energy consumption, generally, hospital consumes high electricity usage since it is operating non-stop for 24 hours a day which leads to high electricity cost and give impact towards the environment. In this paper, a study of electricity usage of electrical equipment in a public hospital nearby Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia has been conducted through preliminary energy audit in the hospital. Therefore, energy conservation measures (ECMs) are suggested to be applied in the hospital to reduce its electricity consumption. From the suggested ECMs which are unplugging campaign or awareness campaign, replacement of existing personal computer with laptop, regular maintenance and refrigerator replacement, it is expected that the total electricity saving, cost saving and CO2 emission reduction are 429,743.39kWh/year, RM 152,127.57/year and 296,522.94 kg/year respectively. KeywordsSustainable Building, Hospital, Energy Efficiency


In this paper, we propose a novel lattice structure of two dimensional (2D) nonseparable linear-phase paraunitary filter banks (LPPUFBs) called 2D GenLOT. Muramatsu et al. have previously proposed a lattice structure of 2D nonseparable LPPUFBs which have efficient frequency response. However, the proposed structure requires less number of design parameters and computational costs than the conventional one. Through some design examples and simulation results, we show that both filter banks have comparable frequency response and coding gain.


Abstract In the continually changing realm of groundfish management in the North Pacific, a new category of resource harvesting became operative as of December 1992. The Community Development Quota (CDQ) program is designed to provide western Alaskan native villages an opportunity to participate in the economic bounty of the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands pollock fishery, as well as promote local economic growth, employment, and educational opportunities. Reserving a portion of the Total Allowable Catch for these communities signifies a revolutionary new approach to resource management in the Bering Sea and to sustainable development in rural Native villages. On the surface, CDQs are similar to previous allocative measures, but closer scrutiny reveals several major variances, primarily in scope and design. To provide the reader with a useful framework in which to view the new fishery, this article will present a brief background of CDQs and potential community impacts, discuss inherent problems and implicati...


In the current abstract, we introduce a new musculoskeletal-based limb controller including a linearizing feedback of the musculoskeletal structure and a PID control of the limb position with the objective to enhance virtual avatar animation.


This Study deals with the statement of the overall meaning، the definition of its term، the reasons for its appearance، its origin، its development، and the interpretations it contains. The Study is also concerned with the explanation of the interpreters' methods of the overall meaning، as well as the importance of knowing the overall meaning of the Qura'nic verses، the foundations and elements of its constructions، and its controls, The main purpose of the Study is to clarify the importance of the overall meaning as a method of interpretation، as well as to clarify the grounds that those who want to interpret the Qur'an in the general sense should be aware of، and to explain some of those grounds in the context of their interpretation. The Study highlights these grounds، and that they are the causes of descent، copying، and the virtues of the Qur'an، the verses shown، and the analogies of the verse، the hadiths shown، the direction of the verse، the controversy in the verse، the public، private، and the spoken، the concept، that is strange in Qur'an، its context، readings، and extrapolation. The Study shows the care of the interpreters in the general sense in their interpretations، and that it is not mentioned in their interpretations in vain، it is done for certain purposes، and is based on strong and robust foundations، and that the approach of our predecessors، may God be pleased with them.  The Study concludes that the significance of the overall meaning is important، and that it is considered to be a distinct type among the other interpretations. It is the origin and the basis، and the more the interpreter is knowledgeable and insight، the more overall the meaning is. The Study recommends the inclusion of a training subject in the methodological year of the Masters program، in which the student will formulate the overall meaning of some verses of the Holy Qura'n، and intensify the study of the overall meaning of Imam Ibn Jarir al- Tabari.


Preparation of hydrolysates from rice bran protein concentrate by acid hydrolysis and amino acid addition before spray drying were investigated. It was found that the hydrolysate powder prepared from liquid hydrolysate added proline (Pro-H) had high corn snack-like odor intensity score (9.7) and showed the highest overall odor liking score (7.4) (p ≤ 0.05). pHs of liquid hydrolysates was adjusted to 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 before drying to obtain the hydrolysate powders (Pro4.5-H, Pro6-H and Pro7.5-H, respectively). Pro6-H and Pro7.5-H had high cereal-like and corn snack-like odor intensity score with a similar extent (p > 0.05). Moreover, cracker-like and milk powder-like odor intensity score (9.1 and 8.2) of Pro7.5-H were higher than those of other samples (p ≤ 0.05). Both Pro6-H and Pro7.5H had high overall odor liking score (like moderately to like very much). From analysis of volatile compounds, furaneol was found only in Pro6-H (498 ng/g) with odor activity value (OAV) of 8.3. Vanillin concentration of Pro7.5-H (3188 ng/g) was higher than that of Pro6-H (851 ng/g) (p ≤ 0.05).


This thesis main objective is to "determine the feasibility of creating a production and marketing company peppermint oil, in the city of Loja", based on market research, technical and financial.
Loja has a cold climate for the cultivation of mint, therefore the production of this plant is abundant, same that is not utilized in full, also offers several benefits for our beauty as for our body, it can use as analgesic, freshener, moisturizing, massage therapy, stimulant, digestive infusions, respiratory problems among others.
Currently, the Loja's public does not know about the benefits of this plant, besides that it can get peppermint oil, to solve this problem, the present project the following objectives: to conduct a market study to identify the demand and supply of the product (peppermint oil); conduct a technical study to determine the capabilities, size, location and product engineering, likewise design the organizational and legal structure for the new company; develop a financial study to establish the amount of investment and financing, cost analysis, establishment of revenue and the statement of income or expense of the project, finally make the financial evaluation of the company, using all indicators as the net present value, internal rate of return, cost benefit ratio, sensitivity analysis, and capital recovery period for determining the profitability of the project. Deductive and inductive method, with which was determined generally and specific needs: the goals set methodology, same that allowed outline the steps, making references
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to the methods and techniques used, such as continued consumers about the product.
The survey technique was applied to the families of the city of Loja, which for 2015 are 48,518 families in obtaining a sample size of 381 surveys.
With the results, the potential which is 60% of families earning 29 111 potential claimants, demand identifying 30% of these claimants are real that the quantity is 8,733 families, effective demand is represented by 78% the actual number of applicants with 6.81 families.
As for the technical study, both installed capacity used was determined as being the used capacity 23,088 bottles a total of 50 ml of peppermint oil per year. The company will be incorporated as "MINT GOUT FRAIS CIA. LTDA ".
The investment amount is $ 13,765.03 to be funded 60% by domestic capital, amounting to a value of 8281.90 and 40% by a financial institution is $ 5,483.00. With cost analysis depreciation, reinvestment, production costs and operating costs, leading to administrative expenses, selling expenses, financial and other expenses, is structured budget proformado obtaining a unit production costs of $ 2 was determined 20 and with reference to the competition and a profit margin of 18% a selling price of $ 2.60 which brings us to earn an income of $ 60,028.80 in the first year was established.
financial assessment as it was determined that the net present value exceeds investment, therefore the project is feasible was made.
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The project is profitable and an internal rate of return of 51.18% is obtained indicating that the money invested pays a higher rate, compared with the interest rate of the bank loan is 10%.


This study aims at analyzing the correlation between bureaucracy system and bureaucracy behaviors. The typology of bureaucracy behavior incorporates: autocratic behavior, custodial behavior, supportive behavior, and collegial behavior. Autocratic behavior complies with selfinterests, power, authority, loyalty, obedience, and basic need fulfillment. Custodial behavior gives preferentiality to organization economic resource, solidarity, and familial relationship. Supportive behavior directs to meet the organization vision and missions. Collegial behavior tries to harmonize performance, familial relationship, and solidarity in achieving organization goals. The research result shows bureaucracy system causes the emergence of a transitional bureaucracy behavior. On one side, it remains practicing traditional (autocratic and custodial) behavior. On the other side, it tries to shift to modern (supportive and collegial) behavior.


Objective To study reasons of failure of absorbing coatings caused by physical and chemical damages so as to evaluate and improve the lifetime and guide the functional optimization of absorbing coatings. Methods A series of tests such as high-low temperature vibration and accelerated aging test,micro-topography of coatings before and after damage,and elementary analysis were taken to confirm the factors leading to failure in absorbing performance. Results During the solidification and high-low temperature vibration test,the performance failure was due to cracking and pealing caused by the change of internal stress. Exposed to UV and salt fog,the performance failure was due to pulverization and bubbling caused by coating oxidation and permeation of salt and fog. Conclusion According to the experiment results,the absorbing coating failure system and factors were established. The major factors that influenced the performance of coatings included coating thickness,adhesive force,density,functional groups of organic film forming substance and oxidative activity of absorbents. During the design of absorbing coatings,resin of low crosslinking degree should be used to reduce internal stress caused by solidification. Tolerance of high-low temperature shift and vibration can be enhanced by decreasing thickness and increasing toughness. The lifetime of coatings under atmospheric and medium corrosive condition was prolonged by introduction of corrosion resisting shielding layer and high weatherability protection layer.


The use of new processing techniques, coupled with innovative circuit design and packaging techniques, have resulted in lower-cost, higher-performance consumer integrated circuits. These devices have aided domestic entertainment electronics manufacturers in meetingthe challenges posed by low-cost, off-shore competition. Continued advancement of consumer products will depend upon further refinements in both processing and in design techniques. The technique of ion-implantation offers many potential benefits to the device as well as the equipment designer. These benefits include high-value, accurate-resistor values which can be fabricated with significantly reduced chip area, conventional MOS as well as CMOS capability, and compatible high quality varactors combined with dual gate MOS devices. Applications of the technology are apparent in today's products and in future products will only be limited by the ingenuity of designers themselves.


We present the solution to the problem of detecting the gas layers in the Arctic conditions through the numerical modelling of the seismic waves spread in the heterogeneous media. The grid-characteristic method of the third order of accuracy is used in all the computations. We build the models with the different numbers of the gas layers and analyze the full wave fields in the heterogeneous media and the anomalous fields, excluding the seismic reflections from all the geological layers except for the gas layers. The results demonstrate the possibility of applying the grid-characteristic method to solving these problems. The result seismograms allow us to determine the location of the gas layers through collecting the time moments of the coming reflections from the gas layers to the seismic receivers.


Objective To establish an model of experimental acute pancreatitis(AP) in rats by operational method.Methods Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups.The end of bile duct was ligated in the test group;in the control group placket of duodenum was ligated one centimeter far and near to the bile duct;the normal group as a control:the normal Wistar rats.Test and control groups rats were phlebotomized at 10,24,48h respectively,for detection of the amylase concentration,calcium and blood sugar.At the same time,the pathological change and the histological change were examined.Results The level of amylase concentration of test and control groups increased significantly,and higher than the normal group as a control;the level of calcium reduced significantly,but blood sugar had no remarkable change.Conclusion Biochemical analysis and histological examination demonstrated that the AP model was successfully constructed.;


A case is presented in which a primary tumor of the pericardium, with myocardial involvement, was discovered at the time of surgical exploration. The tumor was removed and the patient has remained well and active at the time of this report, eighteen months after the operation.


In order to further obtain the aeolian response of transmission steel pipe tower members, the critical starting wind speed of steel pipe members with different constraints at both ends with or without axial internal force and the natural vibration frequency and amplitude under different slenderness ratio are analyzed by using theoretical calculation method and member test. It is obtained that the steel pipe members basically start vibration between wind speed 4.5 ~ 5.0; For steel pipe members with single insert plate and u insert plate placed horizontally, the starting vibration wind speed decreases with the increase of slenderness ratio; For the strong shaft of single plug-in plate and u-plug-in plate, because its natural vibration frequency is weak, the shaft is much larger, and it is not easy to produce stable aeolian vibration, therefore, in engineering practice, the gusset plate connected by single plug-in plate and u-plug-in plate should be placed vertically as far as possible.


Tritin(II)dihydroxyoxosulphate, Sn30(OH)2SO4, is a rare corrosion product found on the surfaces of certain tin alloys. A new synthesis based on the hydrolysis of SnSO4 is described. The stability constant determination of Sn30(OH)2SO4,s, at 298.2K and 105pa is determined using direct measurements via electrodes, of the activities of tin(II) and sulphate ions. AfG~ is equal to -1563.1 ___ 0.9 kJ mo1-1.


A computer-implemented method for providing filtered geospatial assets may include providing access to a reference geospatial asset including geospatial data and receiving a filter request to associate a filter with the reference geospatial asset. The filter request may include at least one filter parameter associated with limiting access to a portion of the geospatial data. In addition, the method may include receiving an access request to access a filtered version of the reference geospatial asset using an access point associated with the filter and applying the filter to the reference geospatial asset to generate the filtered version of the reference geospatial asset. The filtered version may provide access to only a portion of the geospatial data contained within the reference geospatial asset.


The studies were carried out to evaluate and predict the forest ecosystem services value from 1972 to 2040 in Chaobai River basin for realizing green GDP accounting. A four-period Landsat TM images and land use data with Markov model were used. As the result of this study, all types of land use turned to forest land gradually in the whole trend, with the method changing from very simple to quite complex and the frequency changing from very small to quite large through the 4 periods from 1972 to 2008. The total forest area and the total value of forest ecosystem services both gradually increased from 1972 to 2040, though the increasing range of the latter was significantly larger. Among all the services, the value of water conservation accounted for the largest of the total. The coniferous, the broad-leaved and the mixed played a dominant role in the changing process of the forest ecosystem value during 1972 to 1987, 1988 to 2000 and 2001 to 2040, respectively, indicating that the forest ecosystem services value per unit area would have increased during these periods.


Highlighting a number of shortcomings in the legislation on referendum, the present study proposes some solutions for their correction, using in this respect the experience and guidelines governing the matter in democratic states. Likewise, it underlines the advantages of putting together into an election code both the electoral law and the law on the organization and holding of a referendum.


A literary success in 2022, the novel 'Lessons in chemistry' describes the struggle for recognition and independence of a female research chemist in the conservative USA of the 1950's.


In this paper,the relationship between the dust weathers and the eigenvalues of preceding monthly atmospheric circulation in Xinjiang in spring is researched by using the methods of correlation analysis and stepwise regression based on the data of occurring days of dust weathers in Xinjiang in spring.The analyzed and statistical results are as follows: (1)The dust weathers in Xinjiang in spring are not only related to the longitudinal circulation and the trough over East Asia in the mid-latitude area,but also to the eigenvalues of the subtropical high in the low-latitude area and of the polar vortex in the high-latitude area;(2)There is a significant relationship between the dust weathers in Xinjiang in spring and the eigenvalues of the atmospheric circulation in the past summer and autumn;(3)Nine regressive models of the dust weathers in Xinjiang in spring are developed by using the eigenvalues of atmospheric circulation in the previous year,all of them pass the reliability test of 0.001. Among them,the accuracies of the results of forecasting dust storms,blowing sands and floating dusts by using the three models for south Xinjiang and the results of forecasting blowing sands and floating dusts by using the two models for whole Xinjiang are high. However, the forecasted results of dust storms in Xinjiang are not so ideal,it is considered that Xinjiang is vast,and the regional features of dust storms are significant,so it is too vast to accurately forecast the dust storms that the whole Xinjiang is regarded as one region in analyzing the occurrence of dust storms;the dust weathers in Xinjiang are characterized by multiple spatial scales,especially the dust storms.


Theatre and Aural Attention: Stretching Ourselves is a welcome contribution to the emerging field of theatre and aurality studies. Groundbreaking as a phenomenology of listening in the theatre (and...


Abstract The relationship between color and chemical composition in a series of Mn(V)-substituted fluoroapatites A10(B1−xMnxO4)6F2 is studied as a function of the nature of A=Ca, Sr, Ba; B=P, V, and the Mn substitution, x. These apatites exhibit deep blue to green colors. Saturation effects occur for some tetrahedral Mn(V) absorption bands, which are correlated to the large cross section of the corresponding transitions. These account for the blue to green color change with increasing the Mn content, x. The crystal field experienced by the Mn(V) ion is independent of x and of the nature of the B ion it replaces. This is because Mn(V) imposes its own size to the host lattice (mean Mn–O distance=1.72 A in all cases). The displacement of the Mn(V) absorption bands for A over the series Ca, Sr, to Ba is mainly due to an increasing Mn–O bond covalency.


For most industrial companies, parallel methods have become standard for CFD calculations as a means to speed up design and development work. During the European Commission-funded Europort project, a number of commercial CFD codes were parallized under MPI. Most ports were based on domain decomposition, using MPI for all communication. Thus the resulting parallel applications could easily be run on distributed memory machines and simple workstation or PC-clusters (BEOwulf). Nevertheless, the price paid for parallelizing a numerical method using message passing paradigm is high, because parts of the code have to be completely restructured and the IO must be reorganized. Since this work cannot be done automatically, MPI parallel code development is expensive and time consuming. OpenMp, a new programming model for shared memory parallel architectures is becoming more and more popular. Within the EU-funded POST project, the CFD application Comet has been parallized using OpenMP; the work was assisted by a tool, to reduce the effort to create the OpenMP code. The OpenMp / MPI mixed code has been benchmarked on different platforms. OpenMP is used on a node and MPI between the nodes using the domain decomposition approach. The results, which will be described here, show that OpenMP combined with MPI is an interesting standard for practical use in industry, where many MPI-based parallel codes are already available. We describe our work with Comet, showing different parallelization strategies considered, and benchmarks based on them. We will also show how assistance tools can help in parallelization with OpenMP.


This chapter situates the voices of 1960s young women pop singers in a broader landscape of representations of young, white femininity and the historiography of 1960s British pop, Swinging London, and British girlhood. Drawing primarily on music magazines and fashion and entertainment magazines produced for young women in the 1960s (including titles such as Boyfriend, Fabulous, Honey, Mirabelle, and Petticoat) it shows how music was construed as a key element of modern, youthful, white femininity and self-expression. The chapter connects stories told about girl pop singers and popular narratives about young women seeking independence and shows how these stories are ultimately about attaining access to voice. These narratives about young women's voices shaped music industry attitudes toward young women as consumers and producers of music, in turn shaping the kinds of musical opportunities that were available to girl and young woman singers.


It's an inexorable trend of educative modernization to use computer as an aid to physics class teaching. But there appear some problems. To counter these problems we should correctly use the practicality, value, emotiveness, scientific principle to achieve the real teaching aim.


An off-resonance photoacoustic spectrometric detection and analysis device consists of a photoacoustic spectrometric module (8). The photoacoustic spectrometric module (8) comprises a light source module (2-1), a photoacoustic signal generation module (2-2), an optical power measurement module (2-3) and a fault diagnostic analysis module (2-4). Optical signals generated by an infrared incoherence light source in the light source module (2-1) are focused by an ellipsoidal reflector to form a focused light beam, the focused light beam is modulated into light of specific frequency and wavelength by chopping blades of an optical chopper and optical filters and then transmitted to the photoacoustic signal generation module (2-2), and the fault diagnostic analysis module (2-4) calculates each gas concentration according to to-be-tested gas photoacoustic signals generated by irradiation, diagnoses faults and alarms. The off-resonance photoacoustic spectrometric detection and analysis device can be used for quantitative detection of gases such as SF6, CF4, SO2F2, SOF2, SO2, SF4 and H2O and is applicable to onsite online monitoring.


The effect of mist on partial discharge in nonuniform fields was evaluated experimentally, and it was found that the mist formation increases the negative partial discharge inception voltages as well as the positive partial discharges. The partial discharge inception voltages increased as the temperature was reduced to the boiling point. This is an effect of mist formation. Mist with an ionic nucleus was formed after the discharge condition was established. The ionic mist is easily broken up by the discharge and does not group up.<<ETX>>


Rapid and participatory ways of assessing soil erosion and its impact are needed in order better to represent the perspective of land users and how they make decisions on investing in conservation. A recently published 'Handbook for the Field Assessment of Land Degradation' is reported, which promotes a farmer-perspective approach that is realistic, better integrated, and more practical than standard assessments. Indicators are used that capture the time-scales of significance to farmers that focus on their concerns and are relatively simple to operate. The example of 'armour layers', the residue of stones left behind after sheet-wash, is described. These types of assessment provide more policy-relevant experiences of soil erosion and its impact, leading to a better future for the sustainability of land resources.


High-energy X-rays are essential for de novo structure determination with strong anomalous scattering from selenium or mercury. Single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing using selenomethionine-derivatization and mercury-soaking techniques has been successfully applied to serial femtosecond crystallography with 13.0 keV or 12.6 keV X-rays produced at SACLA.