Ternary approaches to solar cell design utilizing a small bandgap nonfullerene acceptor as the near infrared absorber to increase the short‐circuit current density always decreases the open‐circuit voltage. Herein, a highly efficient polymer solar cell with an impressive efficiency of 16.28 ± 0.20% enabled by an effective voltage‐increased ternary blended fullerene‐free material approach is reported. In this approach, the structural similarity between the host and the higher‐LUMO‐level guest enables the two acceptors to be synergized, obtaining increased open‐circuit voltage and fill factor and a small increase of short‐circuit current density. The same beneficial effects are demonstrated by using two host binary systems. The homogeneous fine film morphologies and the π–π stacking patterns of the host blend are well maintained, while larger donor and acceptor phases and increased lamellar crystallinity, increased charge mobilities, and reduced monomolecular recombination can be achieved upon addition of the guest nonfullerene acceptor. The increased charge mobilities and reduced monomolecular recombination not only contribute to the improved fill factor but also enable the best devices to be fabricated with a relatively thicker ternary blended active layer (110 vs 100 nm). This, combined with the absorption from the added guest acceptor, contribute to the increased short‐circuit current.


In this paper an efficient method for camouflage assessment in remote sensing images is presented. The proposed method consists of two main parts including template matching algorithm and UR-SIFT (Uniform Robust Scale Invariant Feature Transform) feature extraction algorithm. In the first part, the distinctiveness between target and background based on template matching algorithm is computed and using a Gaussian function a quantitative measure is presented for description of target camouflage. In the second part, the detectability rate of the target is investigated based on UR-SIFT algorithm which is an improved version of well-known SIFT algorithm that has been developed for feature extraction in remote sensing images. If the target would not be extracted using UR-SIFT algorithm then, it can be concluded that target are concealed in the background. Four satellite images included a specific object in four camouflage status are considered to assessment of proposed algorithm. Experimental result indicates the good performance of proposed method in camouflage assessment in remote sensing images.


There are mainly eight arduous problems in our enterprise cultural construction.Based on these arduous problems,the author suggests that we should highlight four aspects to reinforce the enterprise cultural construction: The first is to insist on be people-oriented,and to completely mobilize the staff's enthusiasm and initiative to participate in the enterprise cultural construction.The second is to regulate the construction norms,and to promote the enterprise cultural construction to be normalized and institutionalized.The third solution is to concentrate on the reform and innovation,and then to enhance the glamour and benefits of the enterprise cultural construction.And the last one is to construct and foster the core value system of the enterprise.


The effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) on the vase life of cut rose flowers was investigated. 'Yellow Island' roses were obtained from a commercial grower. The roses were pulse treated with SA (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg l) for 18 hours. Compared to the control treatment (DW), the greatest delay in senescence was obtained in cut roses treated with 150 mg l SA. With this treatment, flower vase life was doubled. The physiological characteristics such as protein concentration, lipid peroxidation (MDA) level and enzyme activity such as lipoxygenase (LOX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were measured only in the control (DW) and those kept in a solution of 150 mg l salicylic acid (SA) for over 8 days of vase life. Degradation of protein and accumulation of MDA during vase life was shown to be suppressed by 150 mg l SA. The activity of LOX and POD gradually increased with progressing flower senescence, while SOD activity declined. The flowers which had been pulsed with SA exhibited lower LOX and POD activity, and a higher activity of SOD. Overall, the results suggest that SA increases vase life by improving the antioxidant system and reducing oxidative stress damages during rose flower senescence.


This paper presents a descriptive study to assess the level of parenting stress among health care workers in selected hospitals in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.


This paper reports on the findings of a study conducted on the used of e-conomics supplements to support teaching and learning of an Economics course in an open and distance learning environment.At Open University Malaysia (OUM),The Economics Support Team (TEST) designed a unique teaching and learning supplement called the ?-conomics to address the issue of low performance. The supplements, developed based on learning outcomes, incorporated various learning activities using different levels of the Bloom's Taxanomy.This study aims to determine the effectiveness of ?-conomics supplements in (1) enhancing teaching and learning activities (2) instill interest, motivation and confidence to learn the course; and (3) improve overall performance of learners in the course. The outcome of this study will be useful for Open and Distance Learning institutions to produce effective teaching and learning activities for Economics and other quantitative courses delivered through open distance learning. (Authors' abstract)


Fast implosion of Z-pinches is considered as possible way to the generation of X-ray pulse on the level of some dozens MJ aimed at IFE. In this talk, experiments on the S-300 pulsed power machine are presented on the current-driven implosion of wire arrays composed of different fractions of Al and W. In the case of nested arrays, the effect of "pass" the outer liner, while imploding, through the inner one was first discovered on the base of X-ray spectral analysis. Another experimental series was carried out on sharpening the pulse by the plasma flow switches operating in nanosecond range with typical space scales ~1 mm. The reproducible regime of switching on the level of 750 kA is achieved, with the consequent damping rate ~100 ns. The radiative temperature of the inner wall of Hohlraum turns out to be as high as 40-50 eV. Besides, the prospects of application plasma opening switches as output cascades of pulsed power generators of megajoule range is studied on base of RS-20 machine. By using the programmed fill the diode gap by plasma, the suppression of pre-pulse has been achieved and shortening the pulse from 40 μs to 100 ns has been obtained.


Ceramics industry is an integral part of any country's economic growth. Because of its competitive nature and wide range availability of ceramics, for both industrial and domestic consumers, it is important to have consistency in the quality of ceramics tiles. There are many defects identified in ceramics such as flatness, cracks, orthogonality, wrinkles etc. In this paper, many factors were identified during the firing process of production, which results in the convexity defect in tiles. A full factorial experiment that requires a total of 23 experimental runs (treatment combinations) for a complete replicate was carried out to determine the factors that affect the convexity occurrence. Minitab software was used to carry out regression analysis, analysis of variance, and residual analysis. The results show that the main factors below roll and above roll temperatures along with their respective interactions with the direct air blowing significantly affect the convexity of the tiles. Model implementation shows 41% reduction in convexity defects.


In her recent article, "Evidence, Belief, and Action: The Failure of Equipoise to Resolve the Ethical Tension in the Randomized Clinical Trial," Deborah Hellman gives a new twist to an old objection against clinical equipoise. Roughly, clinical equipoise is the requirement that there exist credible uncertainty in the expert medical community regarding the preferred treatment for a particular condition. This uncertainty is widely regarded as a necessary condition for enrolling participants in a clinical trial. The old objection is that clinical equipoise represents an overly permissive, and therefore morally unacceptable, mechanism for resolving the fundamental tension in clinical research between fidelity to the interests of the individual research participant, and fidelity to the statistical and scientific methods that are necessary to produce generalizable data in a reliable manner. Hellman's new twist on this objection utilizes some of the rudimentary architecture of Bayesian statistical theory to argue that clinical equipoise focuses our moral attention on the wrong issue.


AbstractA GSI-based data assimilation (DA) system, including three-dimensional variational assimilation (3DVar) and ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), is extended to the multiscale assimilation of both meso- and synoptic-scale observation networks and convective-scale radar reflectivity and velocity observations. EnKF and 3DVar are systematically compared in this multiscale context to better understand the impacts of differences between the DA techniques on the analyses at multiple scales and the subsequent convective-scale precipitation forecasts.Averaged over 10 diverse cases, 8-h precipitation forecasts initialized using GSI-based EnKF are more skillful than those using GSI-based 3DVar, both with and without storm-scale radar DA. The advantage from radar DA persists for ~5 h using EnKF, but only ~1 h using 3DVar.A case study of an upscale growing MCS is also examined. The better EnKF-initialized forecast is attributed to more accurate analyses of both the mesoscale environment and the storm-scale features....


The polarity of surfaces may be conveniently estimated by measuring the
energy of the π → π* transition of adsorbed Reichardt's
dye.


We present the overall design and performance of the Astro-H (Hitomi) Soft X-Ray Spectrometer (SXS). The instrument uses a 36-pixel array of x-ray microcalorimeters at the focus of a grazing-incidence x-ray mirror Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT) for high-resolution spectroscopy of celestial x-ray sources. The instrument was designed to achieve an energy resolution better than 7 eV over the 0.3-12 keV energy range and operate for more than 3 years in orbit. The actual energy resolution of the instrument is 4-5 eV as demonstrated during extensive ground testing prior to launch and in orbit. The measured mass flow rate of the liquid helium cryogen and initial fill level at launch predict a lifetime of more than 4 years assuming steady mechanical cooler performance. Cryogen-free operation was successfully demonstrated prior to launch. The successful operation of the SXS in orbit, including the first observations of the velocity structure of the Perseus cluster of galaxies, demonstrates the viability and power of this technology as a tool for astrophysics.


The paper discussed issues relating to the strategic development programming of regional agriculture, revealed significant points about not complete correspondence between the list of the main activities of some republican target programs of agricultural development, expected outcomes, indicators, targets and indicators. In the article the basic parameters of the republican target program "Social development of village until 2013" and found no clear relationship between the parameters of "Tasks: Program", "The list of activities", "expected outcomes", " Target indicators and targets stated in the Program " with the objectives of the Programme, which cannot reduce the effectiveness of its implementation. An algorithm study of the goals and priorities for the development of targeted programs in the region, which includes at least 9-10 steps to systematically study the state and regional strategic documents of the formalization of the objectives, priorities and targets (indicators), which is planned to reach the target in the developed program.


The core criticism of OLS estimations of positive FDI-induced externalities is that such estimates are upwardly biased, due to endogeneity of the right hand side variable industry-wide foreign participation. Despite the seriousness of this criticism, no attempt has been made to test and correct for this problem in a cross-sectional setting. In this paper, I introduce an original instrument based on the general FDIintensity of manufacturing industries. This instrument is empirically tested using unpublished industry data from the 1993 Mexican manufacturing census. The empirical findings suggest that the criticism of OLS estimates of FDI-induced externalities is partly flawed. Although the endogeneity problem is confirmed, OLS estimates are downwardly biased. Controlling for the tendency of foreign firms to gravitate towards low productivity industries, the IV estimates indicate a larger positive externality effect from the presence of FDI. JEL Classification: C31, F23, L60, O47


The St. Petersburg manuscripts of the Khotanese Suvarnabhasottama-sutra recently published in exemplary fashion by R.E. Emmerick and M. Vorob'eva-Desiatovskaia (1993, 1995), contain several previously unknown words. Most of these were discussed by Emmerick in an article published in 1995. Subsequent study of the published facsimiles has revealed that a few of these words were wrongly read. These and some others are reconsidered here


An HPLC method was established for the determination of related substances in(S)-pantoprazole sodium(1) enteric-coated tablets, including related substances A, B, C, DF and E. A C_(18) column was used, with the mobile phase of ammonium buffer(ammonium acetate 3.85 g and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate 1.1 g in 1 L water, and adjusted to p H 7.9 by ammonium hydroxide)∶acetonitrile(65∶35), at the detection wavelength of 290 nm. 1 was separated well from the above related substances and degradation products. The calibration curves for related substances A, B, C, DF and E were linear in the ranges of 0.080- 2.400, 0.050- 1.500, 0.033- 1.000, 0.080- 2.400 and 0.033- 1.000 μg/ml, respectively. Their average recoveries were 100.2%, 101.6%, 99.0%, 100.2% and 104.0%, with RSDs of 1.5%, 0.64%, 3.0%, 0.91% and 1.1%, respectively. In addition, an HPLC method using Chiralcel OJ-RH column was established for the effective determination of(R)-pantoprazole sodium(2) in 1 enteric-coated tablets.


Emotionally disturbed and behaviorally disordered children have displayed a variety of types of irregular responses to vestibular stimulation. Zlotnick et al. (1971 ) tested the hypothesis that psychotic children show a significant amount of vestibular system dysfunction, and they found that of 61 children, 30 exhibited an abnormal duration of nystagmus. Somewhat similarly, Piggot et al. (1976) conducted a study of the nystagmic response of emotionally disturbed children. They found that the children scoring most poorly on the Lafayette Clinic Cognitive Perceptual Motor Battery (CPM) demonstrated a significantly reduced amplitude and decreased duration of postrotary nystagmus. They concluded that "a vestibular disturbance may be present in many emotionally disturbed children" (p. 724). Silberzahn( 1975) studied sensory integrativedysfunction,which included


In pelagic species such as S. lalandi, it has been described that the buoyancy in eggs and embryos reflect their viability and quality. This feature is acquired with the yolk proteolysis, which is responsible for the hydration process and generates nutrient for the embryos. The enzymes involved in this process are the cathepsins, which have been proposed as quality biomarkers in these species. In order to know molecular aspects involved in the acquisition of buoyance in S. lalandi, the expression of cathepsin B, D and L was assessed in eggs and early embryos previously classified as floating and nonfloating samples. For this, floating and nonfloating samples in different developmental stages were collected. Relative expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR using primers designed from sequence alignment of others teleost fish. Cathepsin B mRNA expression levels where higher in eggs, morula and blastocyst stage, with nonestatistically significant differences (p> 0,05) between these stages. In gastrula stage, the cathepsin B expression decreased significantly, without changes in 24 hours embryos. The highest expression level of cathepsin D was recorded in non-floating eggs, in comparison with those floating. In others stages, cathepsin D expression did not show differences related with the embryo buoyancy. On the contrary, cathepsin L had higher expression levels in floating eggs as well as in gastrula stage and 24 hours embryos with positive buoyancy. The enzymes mRNA expression during different early development stages in S. lalandi confirms their role described in pelagic species in the yolk protein degradation. In addition, the expression profiles observed in floating and non-floating samples allow proposing to cathepsin L as a good quality marker and cathepsin D as poor quality marker in S. lalandi eggs.


Studying away is an integral and expanding part of higher education in the US. As more students participate, it becomes increasingly important to examine the adequacy of student preparedness. This project involves an assessment of student preparation for the Interactive Qualifying Project (IQP) experience with the Cape Town Project Center. In order to assess every stage of preparation, I surveyed students initiating the process, held a group discussion with students engaging in formal institutional preparations, and conducted two focus group discussions with students who had completed their study away experience. While WPI offers varied preparation opportunities, students remain unaware of many of these and few engage in self-driven efforts, resulting in limited preparation.


The effect аррlication in stress concentration zones elaborated nanomodified adhesive cоmposition on rising strength and durability structural elements out of polymeric compo-sition materials – glue joints of glass-fibrewith-reinforced plastic with titanium alloy, web of fragment ribs out of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic with cutоut, specimens out of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic with hole is investigated..Posibility her use on rising strength and durability bolted connections is indicated. Data about stability of characteristic elaborated nanomodified adhesive cоmposition are addused.


Tasmania pioneered Australia's post-World War Two usage of daylight saving by unilaterally
adopting it in the summer of 1967 for a six-month period as an emergency energy
saving measure. One irony of this move is that it was in 1967 that the atomic clock was
adopted as the world-wide device for the measuring of the fundamental unit of time, the
second. Thus Tasmania's use of daylight saving moved it ahead of the rest of Australia,
but at the same time it was a step backwards into the solar-mechanical time-keeping era.
Nevertheless, Tasmania has a special connection with the use of daylight. The
central focus of this paper examines the history of that connection and places it in an
international (as well as a national perspective) by presenting some of the more prominent
elements of the wider history of daylight saving generally.


A numerical simulation method of multi-dimensional and multi-phase reacting flow (SERAPHIM code) has been developed to evaluate the sodium-water reaction (SWR) phenomena in a steam generator of liquid metal fast reactor (LMFR). A compressible multi-fluid and one-pressure model is adopted and pressure and velocity fields are updated simultaneously by the HSMAC method. Two types of reaction models are considered; one is a surface reaction and the other is a gas-phase reaction. The surface reaction model assumes that water vapor reacts with the liquid sodium at the gas-liquid interface. If chemical reaction heating is large enough, liquid sodium is vaporized resulting in a gas-phase reaction. In the surface reaction, the reaction rate is assumed to be infinitely large. Several overall reaction equations are taken into account in the gas-phase reaction and the reaction rates are described in the form of the Arrhenius law. In the present study, adequacy of the analytical procedures for compressible multi-phase flow is validated by a benchmark calculation of the Edwards pipe blowdown problem. As a numerical example, two- and three-dimension analyses of the single-tube geometry and the two-dimension analyses of the 43-tubes geometry are carried out. It is concluded that the numerical quantification of the SWR accident by the SERAPHIM code is practicable and further use of the SERAPHIM code is useful to resolve safety issues immanent in the SWR.


The Agile software development stands out mainly for prioritizing functionality development through executable code instead of the extensive written documentation allowing quick responses to changes. Due to this context, this paper aims to report the implementation of the Scrum agile methodology in a classroom environment, with all the project execution process. Finally, we present an experience that simulated a real situation, common in development companies, to facilitate the course content learning.


: The problem of steel cold rolling production capacity is an important issue in steel production. In this paper, mathematical modeling is carried out to meet the actual constraints of production process, inventory, flow balance, etc. And to determine the type and corresponding output of a certain product in each machine in every process in the production network, then obtain the inventory of each product between processes. The objectives of the model are to maximize unit capacity and minimize production switching costs. Differential evolution is a population-based evolutionary algorithm. It has the characteristics of recording the best solution during searching history and exchanging and sharing information within the population. That is, the optimization problem can be solved through the cooperation and competition among individuals within the population. In this paper, the differential evolution algorithm is modified for steel cold rolling production line capacity planning problem, the modified differential evolution algorithm comparing with other multi-objectives genetic algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to other standard genetic algorithm and can fast convergence, thus verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm.


The utility model provides an LED lamp tube which comprises a transparent glass tube, diffusion tube and an LED lamp panel. The LED lamp panel is arranged in the diffusion tube which is arranged in the transparent glass tube, and the LED lamp tube further comprises a drive mechanism for driving the LED lamp tube to light. The LED lamp tube has the advantages that the transparent glass tube and the diffusion tube are adopted, so that glare is prevented, light loss is low, brightness is improved, and cost is low.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) provides us an effective means to monitor physical environments. The computing nodes in a WSN are resource constrained devices whose resources need to be used sparingly. The main requirement of a WSN is to operate unattended in remote locations for extended periods of time. Physical conditions, environmental conditions, upgrades, user preferences, and errors within the code can all contribute to the need to modify currently running applications. Therefore, reprogramming of sensor nodes is required. One of the important terminologies that are associated with WSN network is that of OVER THE AIR PROGRAMMING. This concept has been utilized so far as for Imote2 sensors that has been relatively utilized for the processing of the Deluge port(DP). They have so far been able to successfully reboot each application. But this rebooting is still not reliable and secure as there are certain security features that are affected in the processing. I will provide a more reliable, robust and secure system that would have enriched functionalities of that of OTA programming on SUNSPOT. Some important features of the SUN SPOT that I will be utilizing in this practical approach is that it supports isolated application models such as sensor networks, it allows running multiple applications in one. It does not create overhead on the entire system node as it provides lower level asynchronous for proper message delivery. It also supports migration from one device to another. This paper focuses on developing a multi-hop routing protocol for communication among Sun SPOT sensor nodes and a user front-end (i.e. visualiser) to visualise the collected values from all the nodes. To test the routing protocol before deploying it to sensor nodes, a simulation using J-Sim is created.


The author considers the performance of coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (COFDM) on an infinite impulse response channel, and gives equations for intersymbol and interchannel interference (ISI and ICI). The trade-off between code rate and guard period length is considered, and it is shown that for optimum results both coding and a guard period are required. However, the advantage of coding at low redundancy is small.


Introduction..............................................................................227 Acknowledgements.....................................................................230 Classification and List of Species......................................................230 Key Characters...........................................................................235 Key to Families........................................................................239 Key to Species...........................................................................241 Family Carychiidae..................................................................241 Family Cochlicopidae...............................................................241 Family Haplotrematidae............................................................241 Family Pupillidae..................................................................242 Family Strobilopsidae...............................................................250 Family Hygromiidae...............................................................251 Family Helicidae.....................................................................252 Family Succineidae..................................................................253 Family Punctidae .....................................................................254 Family Vallonidae..................................................................256 Family Vitrinidae .....................................................................258 Family Euconulidae..................................................................267 Family Mesodontidae...............................................................267 Family Philomycidae...............................................................272 Family Limacidae..................................................................274 Family Arionidae .....................................................................277 References..............................................................................281 Index to Species........................................................................284


Background: Medicinal plants have been a source of treating fungal and bacterial infections since ancient times. According to WHO 80% of world population depends upon traditional medicine for treating infections and other ailments. New research has been carried out to discover plants of antibacterial origin but due to some reason some plants are not given patronage and are referred to as forgotten plants. It is need of the day to evaluate forgotten plants for their antibacterial activity.
Material & Methods: Achyranthes Aspera extracts were screened for their antibacterial potential. The extracts of Achyrathus aspera L were tested against two bacterial strains viz. Escherichia coli ATCC 15224 and Staphylococcus auerus ATCC 6538 using disc diffusion method. For checking the antibacterial activity of plant extract agar well-diffusion method was used.
Results: Among three extracts the toluene extract was most active against the test strains Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli with zone of inhibition of 18.5 mm and 12.5 mm when compared with standard Cefixime 22 mm and 23.5 mm respectively.
Conclusion: Comparing the three types of extracts, toluene extract of Achyrathus aspera L was found to be the most effective for antibacterial activity especially against Gram positive bacteria as compared to Gram negative bacteria.


The active nuclear form of the NF-KB transcription factor complex is composed of two DNA binding subunits, NF-KB p65 and NF-KB p50, both of which share extensive Nterminal sequence homology with the v-rel oncogene product. The NF-KB p65 subunit provides the transactivation activity in this complex and serves as an intracellular receptor for a cytoplasmic inhibitor of NF-KB, termed IKB. In contrast, NF-KB p50 alone fails to stimulate KB-directed transcription, and based on prior in vitro studies, is not directly regulated by IKB. To investigate the molecular basis for the critical regulatory interaction between NF-KB and IKB/MAD-3, a series of human NF-KB p65 mutants was identified that functionally segregated DNA binding, IKB-mediated inhibition, and IKB-induced nuclear exclusion of this transcription factor. Results from in vivo expression studies performed with these NF-KB p65 mutants revealed the following: 1) IKB/MAD-3 completely inhibits NF-KB p65-dependent transcriptional activation mediated through the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 KB enhancer in human T lymphocytes, 2) the binding of IKB/MAD3 to NF-KB p65 is sufficient to retarget NF-KB p65 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, 3) selective deletion of the functional nuclear localization signal present in the Rel homology domain of NF-KB p65 disrupts its ability to engage IKB/MAD-3, and 4) the unique Cterminus of NF-KB p65 attenuates its own nuclear localization and contains sequences that are required for IKB-mediated inhibition of NF-KB p65 DNA binding activity. Together, these findings suggest that the nuclear localization signal and transactivation domain of NF-KB p65 constitute a bipartite system that is critically involved in the inhibitory function of IKB/MAD-3. Unexpectedly, our in vivo studies also demonstrate that IKB/MAD-3 binds directly to NF-KB p50. This interaction is functional as it leads to retargeting of NF-KB p50 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. However, no loss of DNA binding activity is observed, presumably reflecting the unique C-terminal domain that is distinct from that present in NF-KB p65.


In March 2003, just before the Iraq War, France, Germany, and Russia were opposed to the US and the UK over their handling of the Iraq situation. On the one hand, the US and the UK asserted the need for military sanctions (referred to as the first strategy in this paper) or armed action on the basis of Security Council Resolution 1441. On the other hand, France, Germany, and Russia urged the continuation of UN inspections (called the second strategy in this paper) in line with Resolution 1284. There was disagreement between both sides on whether they should destroy Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD) via military sanctions or UN inspections. The US, in particular, asserted the need for armed action on Iraq according to Resolution 1441. It argued that Iraq was seriously violating Resolution 1441 based on two lines of argument. Firstly, the Iraqi declaration of December 8, 2002 had been "inaccurate and incomplete". Secondly, Iraq had failed to provide the immediate, unconditional, and active cooperation that was required by the resolution to UN inspectors. Therefore, Iraq faced serious consequences according to Resolution 1441. The US noted that as per Article 51 of the UN Charter for self-defense, the presence of WMD allowed preemptive actions for self-defense without requiring any endorsement by the Council (Blix, 2004, p. 137, p.148). In opposition to the US, France, Germany, and Russia asserted that according to Resolution 1284, the UN had to continue the inspections in Iraq. They urged the UN to set up some benchmarks for Iraq to disarm WMD, demanded that Iraq attained them, and were in favor of continuing inspections. As for armed action, they argued that UN inspectors would need to file a report on non-compliance by Iraq before any serious action could be considered, and that the use of armed forces required a Council decision (Blix 2004, p. 149). They


Abstract Analyzing the power spectrum of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) for the period from 2003 February 25 to 2009 July 6, observed with the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) onboard SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE), we found that there are quite a number of periodic variations. The outstanding shortest one is the period of 6.7 days, about one fourth of the period of solar rotation. Checking the solar magnetic field for the same period of time observed with MDI onboard SOHO, we found that there is about 90 degree difference in longitude for the distribution of solar magnetic field. We therefore conclude that both the 90 degree difference in longitude for the distribution of solar magnetic field and the solar rotation are the reason resulting in the periodic variation of 6.7 days for the total solar radiation.


ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Siyang Han is the first author on 'Substratum stiffness tunes proliferation downstream of Wnt3a in part by regulating integrin-linked kinase and frizzled-1', published in Journal of Cell Science. Siyang is a graduate student in the lab of Celeste Nelson at Princeton University, USA, investigating how biochemical signals and mechanical cues from the cellular microenvironment integrate to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition.


Donald Trump's election as president certainly startled many, though not all political observers. In this article, I offer my own observation that Mr Trump's election represents a developmental progression of America's electoral system from a political process to an entertainment process. The effect of the office of the president now is to distract and entertain. I will aim to convince readers that his election as America's president is not an anomaly, but rather represents how the politics of image and representation now work as an everyday event and should be treated as part of a reality that we should now take for granted.


Water management is a key factor in the development of swampland for agriculture, especially rice. Naturally, swampland is affected by water tide from the sea or river during spring and neap tide. Micro water management greatly influences the success of farming in swampland. The functions of micro water management: improvement of land quality, leaching out of ions and toxic compounds, controlling of certain weeds and pests, plant growth and yield, and mitigating of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. There are many factors influence the increasing rice production in swampland through improved water management. For example, the implementation of a one-way water flow system or a dam overflow system is restricted by tide strength, canal dimensions, and construction and operational of water gate. Support of water supply network infrastructure is important and influences land productivity and cropping intensity. In poor swamp irrigation areas (SIA), most farmers can only plant once a year (Cropping Index, CI=100) with productivity 2-3 t ha-1. But in a good SIA, the yield reaches 6-7 t ha-1 and 2-3 planting times a year (CI 180-200). The implementation of water management in agriculture in swampland also requires the participation of farmers and solid institutional of water administrator. This paper is a review of several research results on the implementation of water management in tidal swampland that have been carried out by Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute (ISARI). This paper will address the constraints, limitations and opportunities of water management including an effort to mitigate and adapt to climate change through water management in tidal swampland of Kalimantan, Indonesia.


Purpose
This study aims to understand Chinese consumers' perceived barriers to using peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 and the negotiation strategies they applied in overcoming the barriers and enabling consumption.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative research design with 28 semi-structured interviews was used. Data were analysed by content analysis.

Findings
Five psychological barriers and four functional barriers were found to inhibit consumers from using P2P accommodation both before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. In overcoming the perceived barriers, consumers applied both behavioural negotiation strategies, including seeking information, behavioural adaptation, selective choice and seeking social support, and cognitive negotiation strategies, including cognitive adaptation and trusting agents. COVID-19 was found to serve as both a barrier and a facilitator for using P2P accommodation. A barriers–negotiation framework was developed in the context.

Research limitations/implications
Theoretically, this study advances consumer resistance and perceived barriers literature by integrating negotiation and developing a barriers–negotiation framework of P2P accommodation usage. This study also offers insights for practitioners in the P2P accommodation industry.

Originality/value
This study showcases the role of negotiation in understanding barriers to using P2P accommodation, paving the way to extend relevant knowledge to advance consumer resistance research, which is an emerging topic in the broader management domain.


Numerous studies have shown that women's patterns of substance use are strongly impacted by social relationships. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological method, this study examined the interplay between intimate partner relationships and substance abuse recovery through in-depth interviews with 17 women in a treatment program. Six essential themes about the dilemmas posed by recovery and relationships emerged from analysis: (a) experiencing themselves as damaged goods; (b) paying the price for both recovery and relationship choices made; (c) trading parts of self for relationships and drugs; (d) waking from the nightmare and realizing the impact of abuse; (e) hoping, but not always quite believing, in the possibility of recovery; (f) asking themselves "who's in charge of my life?" This study expands on previous findings by examining critical similarities in the dynamics of interpersonal relationships and recovery for women and the meanings they assign to each.


Drugs abuse is a serious issue in our modern society and a sensible approach to detect it is necessary. Hair analysis can show the presence of addict drugs in the body even after many days since the time of assumption. Actually, solid phase extraction (SPE) approaches are necessary due to the low legally mandated cut-off to be detected for the analysis to be considered valid; In this work a new liquid ionization source, Surface-Activated Chemical Ionization (SACI), has been coupled to Brukler Daltonics' Esquire 3000 mass spectrometer to analyze. Cocaine and Benzoyletgonine extracted from human hair without using SPE but simply diluting the 10 times the extracted solution.


MetglasTM 2605 SC cast alloy was deposited directly onto single-mode optical fibers. Very thick amorphous films of 5 to 15 micrometers thickness were produced by triode-magnetron sputtering. The coated fibers were used as magnetic field sensing elements in one arm of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In the reference arm a section of fiber was wound around a piezoelectric (PZT) cylinder which was driven by a feedback correction signal to keep the sensor operating at quadrature. The sensing element was placed inside a chamber containing Helmholtz coils which produced both a dc field and an ac dither field. The magnetostructure response of the coating and the resulting phase shift in the optical fiber are dependent upon both of these fields. The phase shifts were measured as a function of the magnitudes of the dc and ac fields and the frequency of the ac field. The magnetostrictive responses had maximum values at discrete resonance frequencies. Experimental values of the magnetostriction parameter were obtained using experimental values of the phase shifts along with theoretical calculations of the magnetostrictive response. These calculations were based on a model of coherent rotation of magnetization and also an elastic model of the magnetostrictive strains for a cylindrical geometry. The maximum values of the magnetostriction parameter for the coated- fiber FOMS at resonance was estimated to be 10-5/Oe2 in comparison with non-resonant values of 5X10-5/Oe2 and 1X10-6/Oe2 for amorphous metal wire transducers and Metglas strip transducers, respectively, and 5X10-6/Oe2 for resonant Metglas cylindrical transducers.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To remove staining and substantially remove residual static electricity before the formation and development of a latent image of a subsequent color by incorporating an electrostatic charging neutralizing agent which operates to remove the residual charging potential in a conductive solution and then processing images which are developed separately with a transparent conductive solution. SOLUTION: As for an electrostatic printer which generates a multicolored image from an input image formation signal, the conductive solution contains the electrostatic charging neutralizing agent which operates to substantially remove the remaining charging potential which possibly remains on a recording medium from a 1st electrostatic latent image after the 1st electrostatic latent image is developed. This device advances a developed image to a development postprocessing station 26 equipped with a material applicator 27 after the image is developed for the 1st time on the surface of a belt 10. Here, the electrostatic charging neutralizing agent is used for the developed image on the surface of the belt 10. A measurement roll 28 and the applicator 27 nearby the surface of the belt 10 are so arranged on the surface that the electrostatic charging neutralizing agent is applied.


In the last ten years, there have been many advances in applied optics, side by side with a considerable improvement in optical instruments. This progress has been mainly due to the application of electrical methods of detection of radiation, and in part to advances in other fields of physics. Optical methods have been increasingly introduced into industry, for control as well as for measurement. Where visible radiation is concerned, the improvement is in convenience rather than in sensitivity. Necessarily the selection of examples is arbitrary, but it is sufficiently diverse to illustrate the breadth of application of optics and the considerable progress which has been made.


Introduction In today's world, where adversaries use the cyber domain and global manufacturing operations as platforms for attacks, protecting and maintaining the embedded systems that constitute the backbone of critical infrastructure is increasingly important. These systems carry critical communications and must have built-in robust defenses against cyber-attacks from the beginning of the product lifecycle. They must make sure that malicious adversaries have not tampered with the software and firmware of the systems' processing elements.


There is a need to clarify the nature of motivation because, in spite of much research on motivation, there are still widely divergent views about exactly what motivation is. For example, motivation can be viewed as either a short-term state or as a long-term predisposition. The purpose of the present paper is to critically compare these two conceptualizations with reference to the research literature and recent definitions. It was found that motivation should not be viewed as a long-term predisposition, or a collection of beliefs. Instead, it is argued that motivation should be viewed as a short-term state of mind that can be influenced by one's long-term predispositions.


The article gives a brief survey of the judicial system during the Tudor era in England (1485-1603); it throws some light on the Star Chamber and the manor court.


Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by a Deltatrac (DT) metabolic cart and a MedGem (MG) handheld indirect calorimetry device in 14 extremely obese women. DT and MG REE measures were compared by Student's paired t test, correlation, and Bland-Altman plots. MG accuracy was also evaluated in comparison to DT by individual data inspection. DT and MG REE values were different on the basis of mean data. MG REE values were outside ±10% of DT REE in 6 of 14 subjects. It may be concluded from these data that the MG device may be unacceptable for clinical measurement of REE in this population.


The Microsoft .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) provides a low-level debugging application programmers interface (API), which can be used to implement traditional source code debuggers but can also be useful to implement other dynamic program introspection tools. This paper describes our experience in using this API for the implementation of a high-level debugger. The API is difficult to use from a technical point of view because it is implemented as a set of Component Object Model (COM) interfaces instead of a managed .NET API. Nevertheless, it is possible to implement a debugger in managed C# code using COM-interop. We describe our experience in taking this approach. We define a high-level debugging API and implement it in the C# language using COM-interop to access the low-level debugging API. Furthermore, we describe the integration of this high-level API in the multi-language development environment X-develop to enable source code debugging of .NET languages. This paper can be useful for anybody who wants to take the same approach to implement debuggers or other tools for dynamic program introspection.


For an arbitrary unified gauge model the free energy, including the exchange and correlation terms, is calculated at superhigh temperatures. The results are particularized in the framework of the realistic SU(5) model and then improved by means of the renormalization group. The equation of state obtained is applied to description of the expansion of the Universe at very high temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the fossil gravitational radiation must be of the order 1 /sup 0/K.


This paper is composed of two parts. In the frst part, via a reduction dimension method, we derive a one-dimensional minimization problem involving S^2 valued maps for a thin T-shaped multidomain. In the second one, we analyze this limit model.


Objective We focused on drivers in close proximity to vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). We examined whether the belief that an approaching vehicle is equipped with automatic emergency braking (AEB) influences behavior of those drivers. Background In addition to benefits of ADAS, previous studies have demonstrated negative behavioral adaptation, that is, behavioral changes after introduction of ADAS, by its users. However, little is known about whether negative behavioral adaptation can occur for nonusers in close proximity to vehicles with ADAS. Method Experienced (Experiment 1) and novice (Experiment 2) drivers drove a simulator vehicle without ADAS and tried to pass through intersections. We manipulated participants' belief about whether an approaching vehicle had AEB and time-to-arrival of the approaching vehicle. Participants kept constant speed or pressed the brake pedal before entering each intersection. In Experiment 2, participants rated their trust in AEB by a questionnaire after driving. Results In both experiments, belief about the approaching vehicle's AEB did not influence braking probability; however, belief delayed initiation of braking. The effect of belief on braking latency was only observed when trust in AEB was higher in Experiment 2. Conclusion Negative behavioral adaptation can occur for nonusers in close proximity to users of AEB, and trust in AEB plays an important role. Application When evaluating the effect of ADAS, the possible behavioral change of surrounding nonusers as well as users should be taken into account. To establish consumers' trust accurately, advertisements (e.g., TV commercials) must carefully consider their messages.


IPTV is widely believed to be the next killer application over the Internet. Among the types of IPTV services, VOD service is most popular one. It is desired for a video player to provide interactivity with the user. Long ago, interactivity meant providing features of pausing, rewinding, fast forwarding. Nowadays, it means displaying menus or banners on a part of the screen with the video content so that users can choose what they want. In this paper, interactivity means that users are allowed to touch a point on the screen in order to express that they are interested in the object (hotspot) that includes the point. Our interactive player is supposed to pause playing the current video and start playing the new video associated with the hotspot. This paper describes the current status of our development of the interactive video player.


The guidelines of the European society of hypertension and the European society of cardiology have been updated. With regard to antihypertensive treatment, diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II antagonists are still considered as first line options. Treatment may also be initiated using a fixed dose combination containing two agents lowering blood pressure by different mechanisms. This is particularly true in patients with systolic blood pressure > 160 mmHg and/ or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg, as well as in those with high cardiovascular risk.


A fixed link (tunnel and bridge,in total 16 km) was constructed between Sweden and Denmark during 1995-2000.As part of the work,approximately 16 million tonnes of seabed materials (limestone and clay till) were dredged,and about 0.6 million tonnes of these were spilled in the water.Modelling of the spreading and sedimentation of the spilled sediments took place as part of the environmental monitoring of the construction activities.In order to verify the results of the numerical modelling of sediment spreading and sedimentation,a new method with the purpose of distinguishing between the spilled sediments and the naturally occurring sediments was developed.Because the spilled sediments tend to accumulate at the seabed in areas with natural sediments of the same size,it is difficult to separate these based purely on the physical properties.The new method is based on the geo-chemical differences between the natural sediment in the area and the spill.The basic properties used are the higher content of calcium carbonate material in the spill as compared to the natural sediments and the higher Ca/Sr ratio in the spill compared to shell fragments dominating the natural calcium carbonate deposition in the area.The reason for these differences is that carbonate derived from recent shell debris can be discriminated from Danien limestone,which is the material in which the majority of the dredging took place,on the basis of the Ca/Sr ratio being 488 in Danien Limestone and 237 in shell debris.The geochemical recognition of the origin of the sediments proved useful in separating the spilled from the naturally occurring sediments.Without this separation,validation of the modelling of accumulation of spilled sediments would not have been possible.The method has general validity and can be used in many situations where the origin ora given sediment is sought.


Representational learning forms the backbone of most deep learning applications, and the value of a learned representation is intimately tied to its information content regarding different factors of variation. Finding good representations depends on the nature of supervision and the learning algorithm. We propose a novel algorithm that utilizes a weak form of supervision where the data is partitioned into sets according to certain inactive (common) factors of variation which are invariant across elements of each set. Our key insight is that by seeking correspondence between elements of different sets, we learn strong representations that exclude the inactive factors of variation and isolate the active factors that vary within all sets. As a consequence of focusing on the active factors, our method can leverage a mix of setsupervised and wholly unsupervised data, which can even belong to a different domain. We tackle the challenging problem of synthetic-to-real object pose transfer, without pose annotations on anything, by isolating pose information which generalizes to the category level and across the synthetic/real domain gap. The method can also boost performance in supervised settings, by strengthening intermediate representations, as well as operate in practically attainable scenarios with set-supervised natural images, where quantity is limited and nuisance factors of variation are more plentiful. Accompanying code may be found on github.


This series of studies focuses on the fundamental fluid properties of several commercially available bottom anti- reflective coatings (BARCs). A goniometer was used to complete pendant drop analysis and dynamic contact angle measurement for two similar varieties (A-1 and A-2) of a 248nm BARC and another, competing variety (B-1) of a 248nm BARC. The pendant drop analysis shows that the liquid surface tension of the three BARCs is identical. The contact angle analysis was performed on SiON, low k dielectric, and F-based oxide type layers. Contact angle analysis shows that B-1 wets the least quickly, A-1 wets the most rapidly, and A-2 wets at an intermediate rate. All three wet quickly, A-1 and A-2 completely wet the surface, and B-1 nearly does. The surface type does not seem to affect the wetting rate, despite a real difference in the chemistry of the surface, as shown by the different surface energies of the materials. A Newman-type polymer-spreading model is proposed for the BARC spreading and shown to offer reasonable explanation of the wetting process. Three wafers, one for each BARC, were coated with resist and BARC and then stripped. The stripping process appears to have no major effect on the SiON and F- based oxide surfaces. However, the stripping process modifies the low k dielectric surface in an unknown way, making it more hydrophilic, which causes A-1 and A-2 BARCs to spread less well. Three wafers, one for each BARC, were subjected to a 20 degree(s)C/minute bake over the temperature range 50-220 degree(s)C in a mass spectrometer. The analysis shows that A-1 BARC exhibits the most outgassing, that A-2 BARC exhibits an intermediate level of outgassing and that the B-1 exhibits the least level of outgassing. In general, the B-1 peaked at substantially lower levels. The analysis shows that water vapor forms the largest component of the evolved gas. A-1 BARC causes the most water outgassing. The A-2 BARC, being substantially more viscous than the A-1 BARC, coats much thicker. The thickness is related to the spin speed by an inverse power relationship, where the power is -0.419.


Vincent I. Ogboghro Department of Finance and Banking University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria This paper uses a trivariate VAR model to examine the impact of inflation and exchange rate on stock prices in Nigeria. Monthly data in logarithmic form are used covering a period of 13 years from January 2000 to December 2012. There are altogether 156 observations for each data series. The variables are consumer price index, average exchange rate of ₦/$and closing prices of the Nigerian stock exchange All-share index. The hypothesis testing is based on ADF stationarity test, Johansen system cointegration test, Granger causality tests, Impact response function and Forecast error variance decomposition. The results indicate that although, the three variables are integrated of the same integration, there is no cointegration or long run relationships between them. When unrestricted VAR is estimated, the coefficients are found to be stable as no VAR root is found to lie outside the unit circle. The results of the Granger causality test suggest evidence of a unidirectional causality from inflation to stock prices and from inflation to exchange rate, and a feedback causality between exchange rate and stock prices. Although, the causality from inflation to stock prices and from exchange rate to stock prices is significant only at 10% level, there is evidence that both innovations in inflation and exchange rate have contemporaneous effects on stock prices. However, while the effect of inflation is negative, the effect of exchange rate is positive. Finally, the results indicate that own shocks explain most of the variations in stock prices.


In the paper a new class of tests for variance components in two variance components model is presented. The tests are based on nonnegative admissible invariant quadratic estimators of variance components. A comparison of the tests with the known ones are given. Two-way classification models corresponding to block designs are considered separately. Examples of these models are given, for which the power functions of the tests are computed by using Imhof's procedure, and compared with the attainable upper bound obtained by using the Neyman–Pearson Lemma.


a Sheep Research Centre, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; b National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Massey University, Palmerston North, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand, c Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, PO Box 85084, Lincoln University, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand *Corresponding author. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Single-molecule localisation microscopy produces data in the form of point-clouds. Here, we present a tool for assessing the similarity of two such point-clouds, which, unlike measures such as co-localisation, is insensitive to differences that are not preserved between data sets. The presented method can determine whether two point-clouds were generated from the same conditions and can identify from which of two experimental conditions an unseen point-cloud was likely derived.


Simulation and analysis of thermophysical processes in PAN-fiber-based pressed samples that occurs during thermal stabilization were carried out. It is significant fact from the heat transfer point of view that the heat stabilization process proceeds with a definite exothermic effect. Herewith a strongly pronounced coupling between both the intensity of heat generation and the temperature level and heating rate at each point of the sample was observed. The influence of the main factors that effects on the sample temperature state, such as the density and thermal conductivity of the preform material, also the rate constants of the thermal stabilization process, was studied. The experimental data of the sample temperature state in the thermal stabilization process is presented and was compared with the analysis results.


The precision and stability of motion achievable with the human hand limits current microsurgical practice. Were it possible to overcome these natural limits, better procedures of the eye, ear, hand, brain, and spin would result. Such issues of dexterity enhancement lie not only with scaling down surgical skills of the most gifted, but also addressing widely variable skills of the entire surgical community.


Through in-depth interviews with 15 women in the United States, this pilot study contributes to filling the gap in scholarship on consumer perceptions of sponsored content posted by social media influencers (SMI). We found women may follow social media influencers because of prior topic interests, perceived relatability, and authenticity. Social exchange and relationship management theories do not sufficiently account for purchasing decisions despite negative views of consumers. We argue for a new theory called Influencer-Follower Relationship Management Theory.


Related U.S. Application Data Continuation of application No. 13/924,240, filed on Jun. 21, 2013, now abandoned, which is a division of application No. 12/521,947, filed as application No. PCT/US2007/017131 on Jul. 31, 2007, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 1 1/650,696, filed on Jan. 8, 2007, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 1 1/348,028, filed on Feb. 6, 2006, now abandoned.


The use of Blockchain has evolved over the last decade. It has touched many fields such as health, industry 4.0, smart cities, agriculture, education etc. Being a guarantee of security, the Blockchain requires to be careful with the data used. In the medical field, patient data is confidential and in order to have access to it, it is necessary to guarantee foolproof security. To do this, the best consensus to use is the PoW. In this paper, we will optimize the code and implement the PoW as an IP in order to accelerate its execution time and consequently minimize the energy consumption. The used Blockchain in this work is the Ethereum and its consensus is the Keccak.


Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first described in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It has spread across all continents and was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO), on March 11, 2020, as a global pandemic. On June 24, 2020, 9,129,146 cases and 473,797 deaths from SARS-CoV-2 / COVID 19 were reported by the WHO. The virus is transmitted through droplets, although it has also been found in feces and blood, thus allowing other means of potential transmission. The symptoms associated with SARS-CoV -2 infection include fever, myalgia or fatigue, productive cough or non-productive cough dyspnoea, fatigue, or myalgia in most cases. There are also reports of symptoms such as headache, sore throat, hemoptysis and gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea and abdominal pain, but with less incidence.


[Objective] To research the protective effect of insulin on the acute injured spinal cord in rats by the analysis of the heat shock protein 70(HSP70) and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in the injured spinal cord tissues.[Methods] Forty-five SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: group A(control group,5 rats);group B(blank group,normal saline treatment group,20 rats);group C(the insulin treatment group,20 rats).The rats in the groups B and C were established the spinal cord model of Allen's heavy hit in T9-11.Every group of the three was given different treatment,and the content of HSP70 and NOS in the injury spinal cord tissues was recorded at the 12 h,24 h,3 d and 7 d points after injury,every time 5 rats.[Results] Group A and group C were compared with group B group separately,the difference in apoptosis index were significant(P0.01).In the expression of HSP70: the difference between group A and group B was significant(P0.01);the difference between group C and group B was also significant(12 h,P0.05;1 d,3 d and 7 d,P0.01).In the expression of NOS: the difference between group A and group B is significant(P0.01);while the difference between group C and group B was non-significant(P0.05).[Conclsion] Insulin show a significant protective effect on the injured spinal cord,which may promote expression of HSP70 and inhibit to expression of NOS.


Lee corresponds with Longstreet on concerted plans for a possible link up with General Johnston between Knoxville and Nashville, for an offensive in Tennessee and Kentucky. Longstreet, though ultimately maintains his position in Virginia, on the eve of the Wilderness Campaign.


Objective: To prepare and evaluate amorolfine hydrochloride ethosomes.Methods: Infusing method was used to prepare amorolfine hydrochloride ethosomes.The release rate and accumulation in in vitro percutaneous permeability of amorolfine were determined by Franz diffusion cells.The distribution of rhodamine B(probe drug) in the rat skin was observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope.Results: Amorolfine hydrochloride ethosomes showed a slow release rate.The percentage of amorolfine in ethosomes permeated from isolated skin was increased by 1.7 and 3 times as that of hydroalcoholic solution and liposomes,respectively.Ethosomes effectively enhanced the permeation and depth of probe drug into rat skin.Conclusion: Ethosomes can significantly improve the permeation of amorolfine hydrochloride through rat skin,and increase the retention of drug in rat skin.


The paper describes a navigation system that tightly integrates low-cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Single Frequency DGPS (SF DGPS), and odometer for land vehicle tracking and navigation. The motivation of the technique is for reliable navigation, even when some of the GPS signal is blocked in the Canyon area. The paper give the detail methodology of the system integration by deriving the system dynamic, residual, and measurement models for the extended Kalman filter. Performance analysis is performed based on both the system dynamic and measurement models. The system yield the performance of decimeter position accuracy, centimeter velocity accuracy, 0.2 degree attitude accuracy, and more than 100 Hz update rate output. Due to its high accuracy, low-cost, full navigation states, and high output rate, the system has wide applications, such as vehicle tracking, aviation, automatic mining, and precise farming.


The present experiment was carried out to study the association of milk quality traits (fat, protein, lactose, solid not fat (SNF), total solids (TS) and somatic cell count (SCC)) with teat traits ((teat length (TL), teat diameter (TD), distance between teats (DbT) and teat tip height from ground (THFG)) and udder traits ((udder circumference= UC, udder depth (UD), udder width (UW) and udder height from ground (UHFG)), in Tharparkar cows. The experiment was carried out on 32 tharparkar cows of different parities and lactation stages. Morning and evening measurement of teat and udder traits was carried out before milking and approximately 30 ml of representative milk samples were taken from each of the functional quarters and one composite milk sample of each experimental animal fortnightly from the date of calving of the animal in clean sampling bottles. Fat% and SNF% showed a negative, significant (P<0.05) to highly significant (P<0.01) correlation with TD, UL and FUD. Protein% expressed a positive, significant (P<0.05) to highly significant (P<0.01) correlation with UC, FUD and DbT. Further, Fat%, SNF% and TS% expressed a positive, significant (P<0.05) to highly significant (P<0.01) correlation with THFG. SCC (×105/ml) showed a positive, significant (P<0.05) to highly significant (P<0.01) correlation with TL, TD, DbT, UC and UL, whereas it had a negative correlation with THFG, rear-udder depth (RUD) and UW. It was further observed that Fat% expressed a positive highly significant (P<0.01) phenotypic correlation with SNF% and TS%. SNF%, Lactose%, Protein% and TS% expressed a negative phenotypic correlation with SCC.


If sedimentation of constructions exceeds the prescribed limits, it would give rise to huge losses for community and people, so it is significant to establish the effective and practical deformation forecasting model for the safe operation and economic development. With the unique non-linear, non-convexity, non-locality, non-steadiness, adaptability and powerful ability of calculation and information process, BP (Back Propagation) neural network can adapt to the complicated and changeable dynamic characteristics of buildings,that has broad application foreground in deformation prediction. In this paper, on the basis of deformation observation data, a basic algorithm about establishing BP neural network model in sedimentation prediction is presented.at the same time, analysis of examples are given so that the application of neural network for deformation forecasting is studied comprehensively and systemically, the results show that neural network is very effective for Sedimentation prediction and can serve society and people in the future.


Mathematics and applied mathematics major is one of most important basic and theory major in the comprehensive university,which has strong basic theoretical.With the development of society,applied talents are more and more needed,so it is needed to pay attention to applied talents training.Combining with locality and applicability of our university,we propose some reform measures to revise applied talents training program of mathematics and applied mathematics major.


The ship arriving at Shiqiao Lock is random according to the statistic analysis of the data in 2001. Values of the uneven coefficient are different between upward ships and downward ships. The analytical results should be modified by a difference coefficient when the uneven character analysis is based on all the arriving ships. A time guarantee percentage is introduced to denote the degree of daily-arriving-ship quantity deviating from the average level. The higher the time guarantee percentage is, the greater the uneven coefficient is.


This study is an assessment of previously reported automated methods and of a new method for measuring longitudinal subglacial bedform (LSB) morphometry. It evaluates the adequacy (accuracy and precision) of orientation, length and longitudinal asymmetry data derived from the longest straight line (LSL) fitting the LSB's footprint, the footprint's 1 A version of this chapter is in preparation for submission to the journal Geomorphology as: Jorge, M.G. & Brennand, T.A. Measuring subglacial bedform orientation, length and asymmetry – method accuracy.


Background: Osteoarthritis is a slowly progressive disorder associated with a hyaline cartilage loss. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs play a pertinent role in management of osteoarthritis. Objectives: The study was carried out for the comparison of efficacy and tolerability of Aceclofenac and Diclofenac in patients of osteoarthritis of knee joint. Material and Methods: It is a randomised parallel group double blinded study. The study included 60 patients of confirmed osteoarthritis of knee joint, 30 patients were given Aceclofenac and 30 patients were given Diclofenac after food for 8 weeks and the patients were evaluated and compared statistically for pain intensity by VAS Score, Joint tenderness, Swelling, Erythema, Pain on movement, Functional capacity and Overall Assessment on LIKERT Scale. Results: Both the drugs caused marked improvements in the parameters of - Pain intensity, Joint tenderness, Swelling, Erythema, Pain on movement of OA knee joint but there was increased improvement in all the parameters with aceclofenac. Conclusion: Aceclofenac is the NSAID of choice in the osteoarthritis of knee joint as compare to Diclofenac.


Accelerator technology has advanced tremendously since the introduction of accelerators in the 1930s, and particle accelerators have become indispensable instruments in high energy physics (HEP) research to probe Nature at smaller and smaller distances. At present, accelerator facilities can be classified into Energy Frontier colliders that enable direct discoveries and studies of high mass scale particles and Intensity Frontier accelerators for exploration of extremely rare processes, usually at relatively low energies. The near term strategies of the global energy frontier particle physics community are centered on fully exploiting the physics potential of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN through its high-luminosity upgrade (HL-LHC), while the intensity frontier HEP research is focused on studies of neutrinos at the MW-scale beam power accelerator facilities, such as Fermilab Main Injector with the planned PIP-II SRF linac project. A number of next generation accelerator facilities have been proposed and are currently under consideration for the medium- and long-term future programs of accelerator-based HEP research. In this paper, we briefly review the post-LHC energy frontier options, both for lepton and hadron colliders in various regions of the world, as well as possible future intensity frontier accelerator facilities.


UNLABELLED
Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP) is released from activated eosinophils during the inflammation process.

THE AIM
of the study was to evaluate levels of ECP in serum of patients with perennial rhinitis (with and without asthma) and atopic dermatitis allergic to Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Further it was designed to compare ECP levels in patients treated with allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) and in patients treated symptomatically.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study group included 94 patients allergic to house dust mite: 42 patients with perennial rhinitis not treated with IT, 24 patients with perennial rhinitis and/or asthma treated with IT and 28 patients with atopic dermatitis. In the control group were 21 healthy volunteers. In the group treated with IT questionare of efficacy and safety was performed.

RESULTS
The serum level of ECP was measured using immunofluorometric assay. In the group with perennial rhinitis treated with IT mean level of ECP was 6,5 ug/l, whereas in the group not treated with IT--15,78 microg/l (p=<0.05). In patients with atopic dermatitis ECP level was the highest--23,04 microg/l +/- 4,98 and was significantly different than in the group of healthy volunteers-- 7,2 microg/l +/- 1,1 (p=0,0048).

CONCLUSIONS
Serum ECP concentration may be prognostic factor in specific immunotherapy.


THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 2010 P. iii Approaches to Criminology Agile. For sometime I have considered what may succinctly and (albeit too) generally summarise criminological work emanating from the Antipodes, and specifically that which is published in this journal. Agile it is. Agility, as Pakes argues in this volume, is required to adapt comparative criminology to conditions of globalisation and developing new conceptual and organisation approaches. The mixture of explanatory and interpretative strategies needed to re-interpret the local in relation to the global, and indeed vice versa, requires lithe intellectual work, moving between the general and the particular in understanding crime and social control. It also requires breadth of understanding of the local in distinctly foreign contexts, and a capacity to draw on the production of knowledge not only from the metropole but also those located on the intellectual and indeed geographical periphery (Connell, 2007). The 43rd volume of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology demonstrates the agility of criminological approach and thought. The Chief Justice of Western Australia, the Honourable Wayne Martin, in a controversial address to the 2009 Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology Conference considers popular punitivism and the role of the judiciary. Why it is that Western Australia so out performs other Australian jurisdictions in the over representation of indigenous prisoners, and the recent escalation in this over representation? The answers are still to be found. Social capital is the focus of Brown and Ross as they explore women in the post release environment. The post release mortality rates of women makes such work urgent and compelling. Cross and Newbold consider the 'hands off ' use of presumptive arrest in the everyday work lives of police in New Zealand when government policy and legislation has insisted on a 'hands-on' approach. The articles by Powell and Hutton consider the interaction between young people and emerging and more established cultures of communication and social space while Prichard, Ogilvie and Stewart, and Listwan, Piquero and Van Voorhis offer compelling empirical studies evaluating significant theoretical paradigms around restorative justice, rational choice and self-efficacy and white collar crime respectively. At the very least, readers of this journal need to be agile of thought, and open minded in their consideration of the pages that follow. The review section of the ANZJC returns a robust account of recently published books in the field. The importance of engaging with new works in a timely and energised way does a great service to advancing criminological debate. I encourage you all to consider contributing reviews. My thanks to Dr Mike Grewcock for his work on the review section.


This article reflects about the relationship between Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the role they played in the educational space. You reflections are supported in studies by MORAN (2009), FREITAS (2005) and KENSKI (2008), among others, for consider that teaching needs to incorporate the ICTs by placing them in the service of a teaching practice with the principle of effective teaching. In conclusion we suggest some tools applicable, use free, available on the Internet.


[This abstract is based on the author's abstract.] Since the introduction of the Six Sigma Quality initiative, quality practitioners have questioned why followers of this philosophy add a 1.5 sigma shift to the average before estimating process capabili..


We review a representative sample of the literature concerning fauna-habitat relationships in temperate Australian eucalypt forests and woodlands as a basis for identifying some key stand structural attributes in these ecosystems. Our review identifies 56 studies in south-east and south-west Australia in which the presence or abundance of different fauna were significantly associated with vegetation structural attributes at the scale of a stand. The majority of these studies concern bird, arboreal mammal, and ground mammal habitat requirements, with relatively few studies addressing the habitat requirements of reptiles, invertebrates, bats or amphibians. We identify 34 key structural attributes from these 56 studies, by grouping similar attributes, and then representing each group with a single generic attribute. Relatively few of these attributes are incorporated into indices used to quantify fauna habitat. We highlight the need for a quantitative method for selecting which key attributes should form the basis for an index of structural complexity or other surrogate measure of faunal diversity.


Indonesian education quality effect many factor, such as effectiveness, efficiency, and education standardization. One of the effect Position of media not just as a teaching tool, but an integral part of the learning process that is influenced by the ability of teachers in selecting and designing the appropriate media. This research to determine the instructional media used, reasons for the selection of instructional media, and test the feasibility of learning media. This type of research is a descriptive study. Techniques of data collection using interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Interviews and documentation produced types of qualitative data. The results of the feasibility assessment powerpoint instrustional media used by accounting teachers of class X in SMK Negeri 10 Surabaya is feasible used media learning. Keywords: Learning Media, Accounting, Research Descriptive


This paper examines empirically the effectiveness of entropy measures derived from information theory combined with discriminant analysis in the prediction of construction business failure. Such failure in modern complex supply chains is an extremely disruptive force, and its likelihood is a key factor in the prequalification appraisal of contractors. The work described, using financial data from the Taiwanese construction industry, extends the classical methods by applying Shannon's information theory to improve their prediction ability and provides an alternative to newer artificial-intelligence-based approaches.


A vascular access device (VAD) is a permanently implanted venous access route. It can be placed surgically or with the use of a local anesthetic. The purpose of a VAD is to reduce the risk of infection in the compromised cancer patient; provide quick access to the venous system, sparing peripheral vessels; and allow the patient increased independence. The portal access of the VAD varies from the right or left midclavicular lines to the antecubital space. Commonly the VAD is seen in the right midclavicular area. Care of the VAD, regardless of the site, is the same.


This work was partially supported by the
Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology
through the R&D Unit 326/94 (CISUC) and the
project PRAXIS XXI 2/2.1/TIT/1625/95 named
ParQuantum


Deacetylases (DACs) belong to one of three highly conserved classes of 18+ known enzymes whose functions are to remove acetyl groups from various proteins, including DNA associated histones (HDACs). Histone acetylases are enzymes that acetylate proteins and have been found to be mutated in cancer cells. The balance between acetylation (mediated by HATs) and deacetylation (mediated by HDACs) controls gene transcription and imbalance can lead to malignant transformation. Although HDACs are known for their abilities to acetylation the DNA associated histone proteins, DACs actually predate histones and are highly conserved proteins. DACs acetylate a large number of other proteins, including tumors suppressors (p53, p21). Acetylation and methylation are called epigenetic variations of DNA and are important signaling devices for transcription factors. Manipulating gene transcription by epigenetic mechanisms, including demethylation and acetylation, is a novel approach for the treatment of cancer.


Abstract A special set of radar wind profiler observations during the Tropical Cyclone Motion (TCM-90) field experiment is used to relate lower-tropospheric winds to surface sustained winds and gusts on the west coast of Okinawa. Owing to the passage of four typhoons at various separation distances, hourly comparisons are possible for lower-tropospheric wind speeds ranging from 0 to 40 m s−1. Regressions with nonzero intercepts provide more accurate estimates than simple ratios between lower-tropospheric winds and surface sustained winds and gusts. Little difference is found in use of a layer-average wind between 600 and 1800 m compared to regressions for individual levels. Stratification of the data into daytime and nighttime regression equations markedly improves surface sustained wind and gust predictions for wind speeds below 30 m s−1. It is recommended that these daytime and nighttime regression equations he used to estimate surface winds over coastal regions when lower-tropospheric wind observations...


ABSTRACT
The present research work is oriented to determine communication strategies to achieve the positioning of I.S.T.P. CEFOP FREEDOM FAITH AND JOY 57- U.O. Trujillo II, based mainly on the low knowledge of the market on the educational offer of this institution with technical careers in the specialties of hospitality and commerce. For this purpose, it was established as a statement of the problem: How will the marketing communication strategies achieve the positioning of the CEFOP LA LIBERTAD-U.O. Trujillo II in the province of Trujillo? Raising the hypothesis: Marketing communication strategies positively influence the positioning of the CEFOP LA LIBERTAD U.O. Trujillo II in the province of Trujillo.
The sampling technique selected for this research was probabilistic sampling, applying to 387 young students from different schools in different zones and districts of Trujillo. The technique of data collection was through a survey. In addition, the observation technique was used through a checklist.
The most relevant results are that the majority of these young people are unaware of the existence of the CEFOP LA LIBERTAD institute and the student opportunities it offers. It is also pointed out as a key factor in selecting a higher education institution, whether technical or university: Educational quality. Respondents also stated that the internet is a medium used by them to learn about technical careers or educational institutions. Thanks to their opinions, important points can be rescued to improve and implement in order to position the CEFOP LA LIBERTAD brand, through marketing communications strategies, with a proposal for a Communications Plan.


Pool boiling is postulated as a single-phase heat transfer process with nucleating bubbles providing a liquid pumping mechanism over the heater surface. This results in three fluid streams at the heater surface—outgoing vapor and liquid streams, and an incoming liquid stream. Heat transfer during periodic replacement of the liquid in the influence region around a nucleating bubble is well described by transient conduction (TC) and microconvection (MiC) mechanisms. Beyond this region, free convection (FC) or macroconvection (MaC) contributes to heating of the liquid. A bubble growing on the heater surface derives its latent heat from the surrounding superheated liquid and from the microlayer providing a direct heat conduction path. Secondary evaporation occurs in the bubbles rising in the bulk after departure, and at the free surface. This secondary evaporation does not directly contribute to the heat transfer at the heater surface but provides a means of dissipating liquid superheat. A sonic limit-based model is then presented for estimating the theoretical upper limit for pool boiling heat transfer by considering the three fluid streams to approach their respective sonic velocities. Maximum heat transfer rates are also estimated using this model with two realistic velocities of 1 and 5 m/s for the individual streams and are found to be in general agreement with available experimental results. It is postulated that small bubbles departing at high velocity along with high liquid stream velocities are beneficial for heat transfer. Based on these concepts, future research directions for enhancing pool boiling heat transfer are presented.


In order to keep up safety, stable and healt hy development of our country's politics economy, we must set up a perfect system of crisis management.In spring 2003, SARS virus's spreading gives us a larm, and makes the shortage of the system of crisis management exposed, and makes it urgent to set up and perfect the system of crisis managemen t . We must set up and perfect the system of crisis management at once.


Improving the system of teaching a foreign language is relevant in the modern conditions of the development of society.Currently, in our Republic, all higher educational institutions have passed the stage of distance learning due to the current situation in our country in connection with the pandemic.This situation has pushed the introduction of distance learning into the higher education system in the Republic of Uzbekistan, while many foreign countries (USA, Europe, etc.) have been practicing this teaching method for many years.Distance learning, as well as traditional, reflects all components inherent in the educational process (goals, content, methods, organizational forms, teaching aids).Analyzing the latest research and publications concerning the distance learning method of a foreign language, various aspects were considered regarding this method of learning.Today, the implementation of distance learning of the Italian language is fraught with several main problems.


The utility model belongs to the field of medical instruments and in particular relates to an auxiliary smoke absorber of an electric knife. The auxiliary smoke absorber comprises a smoke absorbing catheter, a three-way valve and a negative pressure aspirator, wherein the negative pressure aspirator comprises a negative pressure aspirator pipe, an aspirator head and a negative pressure bottle; one end of the negative pressure aspirator pipe is connected with the three-way valve and the other end of the negative pressure aspirator pipe is connected with the negative pressure bottle; a clamping slot is formed in the smoke absorbing catheter; the smoke absorbing catheter is fixed on an electric knife through the clamping slot; and the three-way valve is respectively communicated with the negative pressure aspirator pipe, the aspirator head and the smoke absorbing catheter. The auxiliary smoke absorber of the electric knife has the beneficial effects as follows: 1, the smoke absorbing catheter has elasticity, can be randomly bent and is suitable for a deep cavity surgical operation; 2, the clamping slot is adjustable and is suitable for all kinds of electric knives; 3, the number of the negative pressure aspirator pipe does not need to be increased, and the normal use of the negative pressure aspirator head cannot be affected; 4, the surgical workload is reduced and the surgical time is shortened; 5, the surgical field can be kept clear at any time, the surgical risk is reduced and the surgical safety is improved; and 6, the production cost is low.


Fig. 1 Test database of square and RCFT beam-columns To fully grasp the research status of CFT beam-columns under excentric loading, a database was developed and analyzed, as shown in Fig. 1, including 319 test results from previous literatures. Many test data came from square concrete-filled steel tubular (SCFT) columns made of normal strength steel (NSS), whereas just 6.27 percent were connected to RCFT columns with HSS, suggesting that there is still a shortage of experimental studies and theoretical study of the mechanical properties of excentric RCFT columns made of HSS. Reference [24] established the experimental system of sixteen stub columns and four slender CFT columns subjected to eccentric loading. The research findings showed the need for a revision of the application codes to design high strength CFT columns. Choi et al.[25] studied the structural behavior of HSA800 high strength steel and SM490 mild steel hybrid RCFT columns subjected to weak axis bending, made of thick flanges and thin webs, respectively. The test results showed that using this type of section could dramatically reduce costs without degradation of the performance. Du et al.[26,27] investigated RCFT column output using Q460 grade steel under eccentric loads and suggested a new design approach. However, the approach considered backing plate resistance which is not common in RCFT columns. SCFT column with NSS SCFT column with HSS RCFT column with NSS RCFT column with HSS


This historical case study of the League of the Physically Handicapped, a disability-rights activist group in Depression-era New York City, examines some of the ways in which people with disabilities have contested and endeavored to alter the public policies and social values that have affected their social identities and social careers. It also explores the interconnections among policies, values, and disabled and nondisabled identities. In addition, it suggests that there may have been an implicit disability-based political tradition.


The experimental results of using a hybrid platform to mitigate vibration of a batch of high‐tech equipment installed in a building subject to nearby traffic‐induced ground motion have been presented and discussed in the companion paper. Based on the identified dynamic properties of both the building and the platform, this paper first establishes an analytical model for hybrid control of the building‐platform system subject to ground motion in terms of the absolute co‐ordinate to facilitate the absolute velocity feedback control strategy used in the experiment. The traffic‐induced ground motion used in the experiment is then employed as input to the analytical model to compute the dynamic response of the building‐platform system. The computed results are compared with the measured results, and the comparison is found to be satisfactory. Based on the verified analytical model, coupling effects between the building and platform are then investigated. A parametric study is finally conducted to further assess the performance of both passive and hybrid platforms at microvibration level. The analytical study shows that the dynamic interaction between the building and platform should be taken into consideration. The hybrid control is effective in reducing both velocity response and drift of the platform/high‐tech equipment at microvibration level with reasonable control force. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the conditions of conducting operations on the territory of our state (Donetsk and Lugansk regions) for the training of high-quality specialists of the State Aviation of Ukraine, there are essential needs for the creation of high-quality ground flying trainers (GFT) of the State Aviation of Ukraine, which will be designed and built taking into account the modern requirements. In the general process of training aviation specialists in the leading countries of the world aviation industry and using aviation, it has long been understood and established the main role of GFT. Significant saving of aeronautical equipment resource plays a special role in this issue .
The analysis of the existing GFT, their comparison and using not only in the State Aviation of Ukraine but also in other countries of the world were carried out. Three main classes of trainers are considered: tactical, multi-task and procedure, their comparison is made and the necessity of their application in the State Aviation of Ukraine is analyzed. Focus on the complexes of tactical trainers, which have practically unlimited methodological opportunities for training commanders and crews for the State Aviation of Ukraine, was made. By applying the procedure trainers, preparation a team of specialists who are able to adequately respond and make competent decisions in different circumstances is provided. The main directions of GFT development are considered: its development and production of multifunctional samples.
Substantional consideration was given to the integration of live monitoring and recording system into the GFT. The presence of this system in the trainers will increase the methodological capabilities of the flight training process.
The analysis of the basic world tendencies and directions of development of the most important GFT components and examination of the newest methodical approaches to the training of the flight crew members on the different types of GFT are conducted. Problems regarding the lack of modern guidance documents that would allow to competently assess and adopt the newest GFT to be used for the training of State Aviation specialists.were considered. Possible ways of improving the existing training complexes and new methodological approaches to the training of the flight crew members on GFT were reviewed.


Hundreds of pegmatitic bodies occur in the northern region of the State of Minas Gerais, several of these bodies producing gemologic and collection minerals. Such pegmatites are known by the mineral affinity with certain minerals species, groups or classes. The Gentil Pegmatite (Mendes Pimentel county) is


................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESES ...............................6 The History of the Fair Process Effect ........................................................................................ 6 Distributive Justice .................................................................................................................. 6 Procedural Justice .................................................................................................................... 7 Interactional Justice ................................................................................................................. 9 Fair Process Effect Relationships .............................................................................................. 11 Task Performance .................................................................................................................. 11 Organizational Citizenship Behavior ..................................................................................... 11 Job Engagement ..................................................................................................................... 13 The Fair Process Effect: The Group Engagement Model ......................................................... 14 GEM and Justice .................................................................................................................... 18 GEM and Economic Evaluations .......................................................................................... 19


Objective:In order to satisfy the disabled with hand defect wearing electric artificial hand,a design of two-freedom artificial hand with real-time control is proposed. Method:In this design,three-channel surface electromyographic signals are acquired from the amputee stump,then,the signal energy is used for the feature value,and five motion patterns of hand are identified by using the pattern classification of binary tree. Result:The signal processing and control circuit is composed of Single-Chip computer achieving the real-time bionic control of two-freedom electric artificial hand. Conclusion:The experimental results indicate that the two-freedom electric artificial hand which based on electromyography has fast response,reliable motions,and good manipulation and adaptive ability.