Objective: Based on GEO database, we performed bioinformatics analysis on rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related gene chips to obtain key genes and signaling pathways of RA, understand the molecular mechanism of RA occurrence and development, and provide candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of RA.Methods: The chip GSE77298 related to rheumatoid arthritis in GEO database was retrieved, and the R Programming Language analyzed the differential genes. Subsequently, the differential gene protein-protein interaction (PPI) relationship was constructed. The hub gene was screened, and the DAVID database was used for GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of key differential genes. The miRNAs were then subjected to target gene prediction, and then a miRNA-mRNA visualization network map was constructed using Cytoscape. Finally, transcription factors were predicted by the AnimalTFDB database.Results: ①The chip with the serial number of GSE77298 was retrieved from GEO database, and 1539 differential genes were screened out using the R Programming language analysis, including 1156 up-regulated genes and 383 down-regulated genes. ②By DAVID online functional enrichment analysis of differential genes, it was shown that the signaling pathways were mainly rheumatoid arthritis, Staphylococcus aureus infection, chemokine signaling pathway, viral myocarditis, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, etc. ③PPI was constructed through String database. Its hub genes were CXCL12, CD44 and CDH2. The top 10 key differential genes in Degree were CXCL8, PTPRC, MMP9, TLR2, FN1, ITGB2, CXCL1, CCL5, CXCR4 and CXCL10. ④Ten important miRNAs such as hsa-miR-30a-3p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-30d-3p were predicted. ⑤Transcription factors such as GTF3C2, GLYR1, TRIM24, YY1 were predicted.Conclusion: PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and many other pathways are involved in the occurrence and development of RA, and CXCL8, SOCS3, and TLR2 genes may be the key genes in RA. Ten important miRNAs such as has-miR-340-5p may participate in the pathogenesis of RA. Many transcription factors such as YY1 may be involved in RA's disease process, which will provide directions for further research on RA diagnosis and treatment targets of RA.


BACKGROUND
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals face mental and physical health disparities. Fear of discrimination and organizational care incompetency promotes avoidance of care and nondisclosure of sexual orientation and gender identity.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this article is to evaluate the outcomes of cultural competency training for interprofessional staff to foster safe and inclusive LGBTQ cancer care and address this population's care needs.

METHODS
One-hour cultural competency training focused on assessing bias, increasing health knowledge, and creating a safe environment. Fifteen sessions trained 110 participants. Pre- and post-training surveys evaluated staff's LGBTQ health knowledge and cultural competency self-efficacy.

FINDINGS
Staff were significantly more likely to agree with the following statements post-training.


Avipoxviruses (APVs), belonging to subfamily Chordopoxvirinae of the family Poxviridae, are the largest group of slowly spreading viruses affecting over 232 avian species including both domestic as well as free ranging birds viz., crow, sparrow, pigeons, partridges, mynahs, peafowls, eagle, hawk etc. (Joshi et al., 2012). The disease is transmitted mostly by mosquitoe bites and mites, and also through aerosol generated from infected birds, or by ingestion of contaminated feed or water. The disease occurs in two forms: cutaneous (dry form) and diphtheritic (moist form). The former develops as small papule, later progress to wart like scab on the unfeathered areas of skin while the latter develops a diphtheritic membrane in the upper respiratory and digestive tract (Mohan and Trevor, 2008). The most common method of transmission of dry form is through mosquito bites while that of wet form is through aerosol. Mortality and morbidity due to pox virus infection may be very high in pigeons (Tripathy, 1991). The diagnosis of a pox virus infection can be made based on the external clinical examination and gross lesions (Heuschele, 1986) but it is necessary to confirm the disease in the cutaneous form by the presence of characteristic Bollinger bodies in epithelial cells of epidermis by histopathologic analysis (Heuschele, 1986 and Randall and Reece, 1996). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 12 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Abstract Sahoo, P.K, Chattopadhyay, S.K. and Sikdar A. 1995. Immunosuppressive effects of induced aflatoxicosis in rabbits. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 9: 17–26. Graded levels of crude aflatoxin produced on chemically defined low salt medium with Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 were fed to young healthy New Zealand White rabbits. The toxin treated rabbits showed lymphopenia with compensatory neutrophillia. The results of DNCB contact sensitivity test for ascertaining cell mediated immunity (CMI) showed significant reduction in reactive skin diameter as well as less cellular and vascular reactions in skin biopsy sections. Reduced level of total serum protein concentration and heamagglutination (HA) titre against sheep erythrocytes (S.R.B.C.) revealed suppression of humoral immunity in toxin treated rabbits. The lymphoid follicles of caecum also showed depletion of lymphocytes which might be a contributory factor for immunosuppression. The results indicated that aflatoxin was a potential suppressor of both CMI a...


From institutional economics, the "press for tax effect" increases instead of decrease, this refracts the conflict among the government, officer and citizen in the tax-fee reform, and is reflect of "rely on the old path" in tax-fee reform, and is the direct affect of no share of system change cost much more.


Background: Discrete thyroid swelling is common clinical presentation with prevalence rate of4-7% in the general population. Now fine needle aspirate cytology (FNAC) is very importanttechnique for diagnosis of thyroid nodules, as it is very simple, safe, less invasive technique.Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in Thyroid Nodules.Patients and Methods: Study carried out on patients who visited the Outpatient Clinic ofGeneral Surgery Department, Qena University Hospital complaining of thyroid nodules, in theperiod from April 2017 to July 2018Results: Out of the 100 patients 76 were females and 24 males. The age ranged from 11-60years.FNAC showed overall diagnostic accuracy of 97.01% with specificity of 98.39 %, sensitivity of80.00% for malignant lesions, positive predictive value of 80.00% for malignancy and negativepredictive value of 98.39%.Conclusion: FNAC is an invaluable and minimally invasive procedure for pre-operativeassessment of patients with a thyroid nodule. FNAC has high sensitivity in picking upmalignancy.


The spectral dependences of optical absorption induced by pulsed radiation with the wavelength of 532 nm in Вi 12ТiO 20 и Вi 12ТiO 20: Ca crystals were studied. We obtained from the experiments that the optical absorption of the investigated crystals increases within the spectral range from 500 to 1000 nm and reaches the maximum values at exposures of 500 J/cm 2.


Particle and electrode surfaces were altered to examine the effects on the electrorheological response of barium titanate/silicone oil suspensions. Unmodified suspensions exhibited nonlinear conduction. The dynamic yield stresses scaled as En, where n<2 at all electric field frequencies, and the current had substantial harmonic content, a hallmark of nonlinear conduction. Modifying the particle surfaces did not affect these nonlinear responses. Casting polymers on the electrode surfaces changed the responses. With polymer coatings, the dynamic yield stresses scaled as En, where n≥2 at some frequencies and increased with coating thickness. With coated electrodes, the current harmonic contents were significantly decreased. These results suggest that nonlinear conduction in ER suspensions is associated with charge injection at the electrode/liquid interface.


The value of the flexibilities available in an electricity system is often considered for the only sake of balancing production and consumption in a variable environment. For instance, a system with a high penetration of unpredictable renewable energy production requires energy flexibility to keep the balance. However, the activation of a flexibility has not only an impact on the balance of the whole system but also on the electrical network itself. For example, the activation of an energy flexibility to increase consumption – with the goal of absorbing high production of renewable energy facilities – is changing the state of the grid at the location where the energy is being consumed. This impact on the state of the grid can be positive or negative if done blindly. One of the aims of the GIFT project is to address the question of this local impact and the possibility for a distribution system operator to access the flexibility market. It would benefit from it purchasing flexibilities to solve network issues. There are two demonstration sites in the GIFT project, namely the Grytoya island, in Norway, and the island of Procida, in Italy. This study addresses the implementation in the Norwegian demonstration site.


The invention provides polyurethane medical absorbable suture and a preparation method thereof. The polyurethane medical absorbable suture comprises following ingredients: polyurethane, polylactic acid, jellyfish collagen, ligusticum chuanxiong polysaccharide, glycerin, a cross-linking agent, a stabilizing agent, and an antibacterial agent. The preparation method comprises following steps: the ingredients are weighed by weight and then are delivered into a reaction vessel for heating, stirring, and mixing so as to obtain a mixture; the mixture is delivered into a double screw extruder for extrusion; obtained sample strips are subjected to water cooling, air drying, and granule cutting so as to obtain master batch; the master batch is subjected to heating melting, and defoaming, and is delivered through a spinneret plate so as to obtain primary fiber; and the primary fiber is subjected to secondary stretching in water bath so as to obtain the polyurethane medical absorbable suture. All the raw materials of the polyurethane medical absorbable suture are biodegradable in the body, and an be absorbed completely; no irritation, toxic effect, or side effect is caused; no obvious stitch trace is observed after wound healing; jellyfish collagen and ligusticum chuanxiong polysaccharide are added, so that wound healing is promoted; internal absorption phase ranges from 20 to 25 days; and the polyurethane medical absorbable suture is capable of satisfying clinic demands.


Octavian's decision in 28 B.C.E. to ban Egyptian cults from within the pomerium was not a sign of hostility to foreign cults, especially since the emperor himself arranged for the restoration of those shrines outside the city's religious boundary. Rather, his action served to reassert the Roman openness to foreign religions while at the same time underlining the distinctions between Roman and foreign religious practices. Using the pomerium to demarcate a clear boundary between Roman and non-Roman helped to reconstruct the sense of Roman identity that had been shattered by the civil wars of the previous fifty years.


Since the launch of the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)[1] at the 1999 Cologne European Council, significant steps have been taken towards endowing CSDP with the institutional structures and military instruments necessary to make it an effective mechanism for dealing with insecurity in Europe's geopolitical neighbourhood. Furthermore, two recent challenges have emerged which should provide new impetus behind CSDP. Firstly, in the context of rising Chinese power, European nations face a shift in US priorities from Europe towards Asia. The implications for European states are clear: take a greater burden of European security or allow a security gap to develop within and around Europe. However, Europe's ability to carry a more substantial level of their security burden is circumscribed by a second major challenge: financial austerity and defence cuts in the context of economic slowdown.


Background. The effects of an oral contraceptive pill containing cyproterone acetate on lipid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was studied.


This review provides a comprehensive description of the mechanism of operation and operating characteristics of pneumatic nebulisers and spray chambers used for analytical atomic spectrometry. The relevant literature has been reviewed and new data presented that elucidate the geometric and parametric factors that determine performance. Based on these findings suggestions for new designs are presented and a set of benchmark tests advocated that enable the objective comparison of different systems.


The Flex-IT 2 Act, recently proposed in Congress, is seen as an example of the resistance toward adopting Meaningful Use standards.


Abstract We find an infinite word w on four symbols with the following property: Two occurrences of any block in w must be separated by more than the length of the block. That is, in any subword of w of the form xyx, the length of y is greater than the length of x. This answers a question of C. Edmunds connected to the Burnside problem for groups.


Introduction 1. Luxembourg only abolished its price control regime in May 2004, when it introduced a completely new competition law and created two competition authorities, both members of the…


The application of cone type piercer technology in Hengyang Hualing Steel Tube Co., Ltd. is introduced. The design and operation key points of two-roll cone piercer, roll type, guide and roll knurl, etc.are mainly introduced.The surface crack of products can be eliminated by this technology, and the productivity increased more than 30%.


An essay which describes an analysis of today of ecological construction, with main concentration on materials which claim to be ecological.


Application of reflective teaching in Colleges course of"Mao Zedong's Thought and Theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics"is one of the effective ways to improve teaching quality. Reflective teaching can induce that teachers rational reflection and practical exploration on this course from various angles,such as the concept of curriculum,professional knowledge,practical effect and student feedback. It can improve teachers' teaching level,so as to improve the classroom control and achieve the expected teaching goal.


Drug delivery in cancer cells combining low cytotoxicity and high efficiency remains to be optimized with physical techniques. Several studies have shown that cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) have demonstrated their relevance in biomedical applications and are prone to be quite useful tools in medicine. Plasma could be used to deliver chemotherapy [1] or nucleic acids [2] via enhancement of cell permeabilization. Parameters needed for helium plasma to induce cell membrane permeabilization on cancer cells were investigated (Fig.1). A frequency of 100 Hz for 100 s, corresponding to 10,000 pulses, with an applied voltage of 14 kV was used. Both plasma electric field and endocytosis involvement in molecular uptake were studied [3]. Kinetics of plasma-induced permeabilization were also studied. Highest permeabilization efficiency was observed when propidium iodide was added after treatment (up to 40% of propidium iodide positive cells in both HeLa and 4T1). No significant toxicity was observed in these conditions as the viability in HeLa cells was measured to be of 80%. A treatment combining doxorubicin and plasma also showed improvement of cell membrane permeabilization.

Figure 1: Round-shaped permeabilization spot of propidium iodide in 4T1 cells after plasma jet treatment

References

[1] W. Zhu, S.-J. Lee, N. J. Castro, D. Yan, M. Keidar, and L. G. Zhang, Scientific Report, 6, (2016).
[2] M. Jinno, Y. Ikeda, H. Motomura, Y. Kido and S. Satoh. Archives Biochemistry Biophysics, 605, 59-66 (2016)
[3] V. Vijayarangan, A. Delalande, S. Dozias, J.-M. Pouvesle, C. Pichon, and E. Robert, IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences, 2, 1-7 (2017).


The present study was carried out to establish the properties of Acalypha alnifolia leaf extract and microbial insecticide, Metarizhium anisopliae on larvicidal and pupicidal activity against the lymphatic filarial vector , Culex quinquefasciatus. The methanol extract of A. alnifolia leaf showed larvicidal and pupicidal effects after 24 h of exposure; with, the highest larval and pupal mortality was recorded against the firstto fourth-instar larvae and pupae of values LC 50 = 5.67% 1 instar, 6.62% 2 instar, 7.53% 3 instar and 9.05% 4 th instar, and 10.20% pupae respectively , and microbial insecticide, M. anisopliae against the first to fourth instar larvae and pupae with LC 50 values 1 instar was 10.53%, 2 nd instar was 15.57%, 3 rd instar was 23.06%, and 4 th instar was 31.36%, and pupae was 42.54%, respectively . Moreover , combined treatment of values of LC 50 values of 1 instar was 3.73%, 2 nd instar was 4.72%, 3 rd instar was 5.55%, and 4 th instar was 7.66%, and pupae was 9.16%, respectively . No mortality was observed in the control. The results shows the leaves extract of A. alnifolia and the entomopathogenic fungi, M. anisopliae are candidates for controlling lymphatic filarial vector , C. quinquefasciatus. Hence, A. alnifolia and M. anisopliae can be considered for eco-friendly vector control programs.


This paper explores the use of multichannel coherence as a tool for detection of underwater targets from imagery captured from multiple disparate sonar systems. The use of multiple disparate sonars allows one to exploit a high-resolution sonar with good target definition while taking advantage of the clutter suppression abilities of a low-resolution broadband (BB) sonar coregistered over the same region to provide much better detection performance comparing to those of the single-sonar cases. In this paper, the standard Neyman-Pearson detector is extended to the dual disparate sonar case allowing target detection across two sensory channels simultaneously. A novel distributed detection system is also developed that exploits the use of multiple dual-sonar detectors for multiplatform target detection. Test results of the proposed detection methods are also presented on an underwater synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imagery database containing data from three different imaging sonars operating at three different frequencies and resolutions. Test results illustrating the effectiveness of different coherent-based detection systems will be presented and benchmarked against those of two other detection methods in terms of probability of detection, false alarm rate, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Performance gains of about 23% in probability of detection were achieved over the benchmarked methods.


Abstract In this report, we present a simple and unexplored procedure for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles featuring exudation of Euphorbia acruensis along with the study of its antibacterial and anticoagulant properties. Analytical techniques like ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to analyse the production, crystallinity and morphology of bio-reduced silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial study was performed by following standard disc diffusion method. Most importantly, the anticoagulant and thrombolytic activities of biogenic silver nanoparticles were evaluated by addition of nanoparticles to human blood samples under practical conditions. These green synthesized silver nanoparticles were found to have potent antibacterial, anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties which make them an attractive choice for future medical applications.


We investigated the quantitative relationship between the atrial refractory period and the dispersion of refractoriness with respect to atrial vulnerability in 19 adult mongrel dogs. The atrial effective refractory period (AERP) was measured at the sinus node area (SNA), the low posterior right atrium (LRA), and the distal coronary sinus. The study was performed under the following conditions: (1) control status; (2) hypothermia (30°C); (3) vagus nerve stimulation; and (4) a combination of (2) and (3). The subjects were separated into two groups: atrial fibrillation (AF) (+) group (n = 23), which developed AF by atrial extrastimulus due to increased vulnerability, and AF (−) group (n = 39), which did not develop AF. The mean AERP was 97 ± 23 msec (mean ± SD) in the AF (+) group and 124 ± 23 msec in the AF (−) group, with a significantly shorter refractory period seen in the former (P < 0.001). The dispersion of refractoriness was 59 ± 24 msec in the AF (+) group and 29 ± 18 msec in the AF (−) group, with a significant increase noted in the former (P < 0.001), On X‐Y coordinates (where X denotes the AERP, and Y denotes the dispersion of refractoriness) the data from the AF (+) group were clustered in the upper left region of the graph while the data from the AF (−) group were clustered in the lower right region. These two groups were separated by a linear equation of Y = 0.86X ‐ 57 with a predictability of 90.3%. No difference in the time from SNA stimulation to LRA excitation was found between the groups. On the basis of these results, we suggest that increased atria) vulnerability can be predicted from an analysis of the quantitative relationship between the atrial refractory period and the dispersion of refractoriness.


This thesis explored the effects of race and athlete status on the public's perceptions of guilt in sexual assault cases. It investigated how race and athlete status of a man accused of sexually assaulting a woman affected the perceived believability of the accuser and the perceived severity of the crime. It also explored the correlation between perceived guilt and rape myth acceptance. The results of this thesis did not directly support the hypotheses but hypothesis 4 was significant in suggesting that participants who gave any of the accused a lower guilt rating had higher levels of rape myth acceptance. The thesis also revealed trends in participant hesitance to rate any of the accused as guilty or not, with most benefit of the doubt going toward the accused and not the accuser. Reasons for the non-significant results such as media coverage and athletic department involvement were explored. iii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to all victims of sexual assault. My hope is that one day, the default " benefit of the doubt " won't be automatically given to the offender, but to the victim. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Donny, my parents, and Joe: I hope you all know how much you mean to me. I could never have gotten through graduate school or finished this thesis without the support from each of you. Donny: thank you for being my rock, keeping me grounded, and reminding me that my work is important. Without your love and reassurance I would have given up a long time ago. Mom and Dad: I could not have survived graduate school without your psychological (and monetary) support, thank you for knowing how important this Master's is to me! And thank you for being the best parents in the world, in general. Joe, thank you for talking me off a ledge in your office my first week of graduate school, thank you for helping me realize my love for research that I would not have known existed otherwise, and thank you for understanding my working style and adapting to it but also holding me to a higher standard. All: without the help from the four of you I would not be the person I am today.


Abstract Purpose: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) and specular microscopic indices in active unilateral anterior uveitis with the same indices 1 week after the initiation of treatment. Methods: This study included 30 eyes with active unilateral idiopathic anterior uveitis. CCT and specular microscopic indices were compared before and after 1 week of the treatment with topical medications. Results: At the first visit, mean CCT was significantly greater in affected eyes (mean ± standard deviation: 514.0 ± 23.0) than in fellow eyes (493.2 ± 10.6) (p < 05). There was a significant decrease in CCT of the involved eye 1 week after start of treatment to 494.1 ± 23.1 μm (p < 05). No significant differences were observed in the specular microscopic indices between the affected and fellow eyes before treatment and 1 week after the treatment. Conclusion: We found that eyes with unilateral active anterior uveitis had increased CCT in comparison to their healthy fellow eyes without a change in the specular microscopic indices.


Introduction. The process of modern youth's cybersocialisation is caused by the digitalisation and the inclusion of information and communication technologies (ICT) in daily life. Network activity is a part of students' socialisation. The interaction of student youth in the virtual space is conditioned by personality trust, which is revealed through the categories of trust in oneself, other users and the virtual world. The personality trust of students, as a belief in the reliability of other people and the world, regulates network activity and the life of society. Trends in the formation of personality trust in traditional and virtual space have similar prerequisites.Aim. The aim of the study is to identify the features of personality trust of Russian and Indonesian students in terms of network activity.Methodology and research methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the subject-personal approach. A set of methods was used: "Assessment of trust/distrust of a person in other people" (A. B. Kupreychenko) (the authors introduced an additional construct "virtual world"); "The study of trust/distrust of the individual in the world, other people, oneself"; "Questionnaire for the problematic use of social networks"; "Assessment of involvement in the use of ICT".Results and scientific novelty. For the first time, personality trust is considered in the context of network activity in the framework of a comparative study of Russian and Indonesian students. Indonesian students tend to display personality trust in communication by accepting participants in network activity, in choosing more authoritative sources of information and participants with a positive reputation. Students from Russia trust reliable and credible sources and network users, basing on empathy and a similar worldview. The personality trust of students in the virtual world and network users is more pronounced among Indonesians, and trust in oneself is equally important for both groups of students. The Russian student youth is characterised by a low level of trust in the information on the network, in comparison with the Indonesian youth. General trends in the problematic use of technology have been identified, such as cognitive absorption, emotion regulation, and Internet addictive behaviour. Both groups of students prefer online communication and strive for open and effective relationships in the virtual space with like-minded people, for mutual assistance and unity.Practical significance. The results of studying the personality trust of Russian and Indonesian students in terms of network activity can be used to build open and productive relationships between young representatives of the countries, to organise psychological and pedagogical support for the socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students, to develop digital educational environment of an international university.


The visibility of herring Clupea harengus and mysids Praunus flexuosus was studied in the shallow water of the Kiel Fjord (Baltic Sea). The apparent brightness contrast of the predator (hernng) and its prey (mysid) were measured from various visual angles with a n underwater video system. The camera looked at the prey from the predator's point of view and vice versa. During a head-on encounter, the contrast of the prey against the ocean background was very poor. With increasing visual angles (relative to a horizontal plane), the visibility of the prey unproved. The predator was most visible from below, but was excellently camouflaged when observed from above or from a horizontal line of vision. When the herring was located 30 to 90' below the mysid, the prey was fairly visible to the predator but the predator was nearly invisible to the prey. By incorporating these ocean optics and taking into account the limits of the maneuvering potential of cruis~ng herring, an optimal attack angle can be postulated: a t oblique predator-prey configurations between 30 and 60°, herring are still capable of modulating their normal cruising to an upward directed position while the preconditions of a successful attack to see and not to be seen are fulfilled. In Kiel Aquarium, adult herring attacked mysids from an average angle of 48" from below. In sltu measurements from inside a feeding school of juvenile herring showed a mean attack angle of 43"


By retrospectively analyzing the clinical data and results of auxiliary examinations,the author summarize her experience in caring 12 patients with gestational hypertensive syndrome combined with cerebral hemorrhage and conclude the nursing key points as follows: early finding of presynptoms of intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral hernia like headache,dizziness,vomiting,visual disorder,understanding of their consciousness conditions by question-answering,limb-acting and reacting to pains,regular observation of pupil size,difference and reaction to light.Intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral hernia can be confirmed,once consciousness disorder occurs or even develops,the pupil at one side is dilated,weak in or even not reacting to light,blood pressure goes up,pulse slows down,and respiration is slow and shallow.Close observation of other organ hemorrhage is predictive of cerebral hemorrhage.Nurses should be familiar with the implications of routine urinary examinations and ophthalmological examinations and carefully observe hemorrhage symptoms of bloody urine,retinal hemorrhage,repeated nasal hemorrhage and they should effectively manage hyperspasmia of patients,keep their respiratory tracts unobstructed and provide them with high-flow inhalation of oxygen.Elaborate care is the key to the increase of success rate in saving lives.


This research aims to (1) analyze the pattern of ecotourism management in Gili Lawang based on the concept of CBT (Community based tourism) according to Demartoto (2009) and (2) analyze supporting and inhibiting factors that affect the involvement ofcommunity in managing ecotourism. The research was located in Gili Lawang ecotourism area, Sugian Village, Sambelia, East Lombok Regency. This research used descriptive qualitative method, by using literature reviews data collection method,interviews, and observations. The number of respondents involved were 14 respondents. Data analysis that was used is descriptive analysis. The result of this research showed that the management pattern of community based ecotourism in Gili Lawang has not fully implement CBT (Community based tourism) concept since the involved community has not been included in evaluator aspect. Supporting factors that affect the involvement of the community in managing ecotourism is the potential of tourism that can be developed into tourism attraction, the desire of the community to preserve the nature, and to grow the economy surrounding the tourism area. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor that affect the involvement of the community in managing ecotourism is the lack of education of the community regarding the development of ecotourism area and the lackof awareness of the community regarding the importance of their involvement in developing tourism area. Besides that, another inhibiting factor is the lack of government's concern to make approach to the native community to show how importantcommunity based tourism is.Keywords: Ecotourism, management pattern, involvement factor


Digital communication is the prominent technique used by various organizations for information exchange. It replaces the traditional methods with the help of internet and its related technologies. There is a chance to retrieve the contents of the transmitted message from the unsecure communication medium. The biggest challenge is to deploy a suitable mechanism for secure communication. Cryptography plays a dominant role in the information security domain. This paper proposes a modified Polybius square based approach for efficient key generation. New key is obtained from the original key by performing three different operations on modified Polybius square namely Square ring rotation, Square reversal and Transpose. From the security analysis it can be inferred that the proposed approach generates an efficient key.


Patient information helps practitioners select appropriate medications, doses, and routes of administration. One vital piece of patient-specific information, the patient weight, is especially important because it is often used to calculate the appropriate dose of a medication (e.g., mg/kg, mcg/ kg, mg/m). A prescribed medication dose can differ significantly from the appropriate dose as a result of missing or inaccurate patient weights.


Accurate flood forecasting is desirable in order to have lead-time for taking appropriate prevention measures so as to minimize the damage caused. In this paper, a hybrid model, which combines three mathematical concepts, namely, drainage density, Gumbel distribution function and Muskingum method, are employed for flood foresting in the Chi River Basin. All three concepts have been shown to be generally effective with the areas in Thailand [1]-[3]. The model is applied to the area called Phra Lap district that is very close to KhonKaen city, Thailand. Data of monthly water levels and geological data of the Chi River basin are used. The experimental results show that the hybrid model has overall good accuracy performance.


BACKGROUND
Complement alternative pathway (AP) activation is linked to immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) prognosis severity, but Bb fragment's role is unclear. We examined the relationship between serum Bb fragment concentration at IgAN diagnosis with disease activity and outcomes.

METHODS
This retrospective study included 125 biopsy-proven IgAN patients (age 39.9 years, 75% male, eGFR 82 mL/min, proteinuria 0.5 g/day) enrolled from 1984 to 2010 and followed for a minimum of 18 months. Monitoring continued until the last follow-up, end-stage kdiney disease (ESKD), or death. Serum Bb fragment was measured using ELISA at diagnosis. Oxford classification and global optical score (GOS) were utilized for pathology assessment.

RESULTS
Patients were followed for a median of 16 years, 42% developed CKD stage 3 or higher, 19% reached ESKD, and 9% died. Serum Bb fragment concentration negatively correlated with eGFR values at last follow-up and positively with vascular and tubular histopathological indices. In univariate Cox regression analyses, higher Bb fragment concentration was associated with ESKD alongside older age, increased body-mass-index, arterial hypertension, lower eGFR, higher proteinuria, E1, S1, T1-2, GOS, and corticotherapy. Patients with Bb levels ≥ 14.3 μg/mL had shorter mean kidney survival time (19.5 vs 22.7 years, p = 0.07); after adjusting for progression risk factors, the association persisted (HR 4.76, 95% CI 1.56-14.43).

CONCLUSIONS
Serum Bb fragment concentration at diagnosis may predict long-term IgAN outcomes, potentially due to AP activation at the endothelial surface. Further research is needed to confirm these results and evaluate Bb fragment's role in IgAN management.


The invention discloses an intelligent high-frequency switching mode power supply with reliable output voltage, comprising a monitor unit, photocouplers, integrating circuits, a difference amplifier, an error amplifier and a power conversion circuit, wherein a PWM signal output by the monitor unit is divided into two paths, one of which is processed by a first photocoupler and a first integrating circuit taking reference voltage as bias voltage at secondary level and then fed to one input end of the difference amplifier, and the other of which is processed by an inverter, then processed by a second photocoupler and a second integrating circuit and finally fed to the other input end of the difference amplifier, an output signal of the difference amplifier is superposed with the reference voltage and then fed to an in-phase input end of the error amplifier, an out-phase input end of the error amplifier is connected with a feedback network, and an output end thereof controls the power conversion circuit. The intelligent high-frequency switching mode power supply can stably and reliably operate when a voltage-adjusting signal fails or the monitor unit stops operating, thereby ensuring the safety of battery pack and power equipment.


The discipline of control has had numerous yet sporadic contacts with the manufacturing world over the past few decades, almost always as an afterthought or addendum, and typically in the role of machine and not as process control. Much of this detachment comes from an absence of control technique that can deal directly with the actual manufacturing process, i.e., a material transformation process that produces a desired object both in terms of specific geometry and internal properties. Instead, most efforts have focused on using existing methods on process independent problems, such as position control and trajectory following, or on straightforward process parameter control, thereby only indirectly influencing the actual process output


I once observed a wood carver. He carved designs into chairs, tables, and cabinets. He was fully concentrated as he worked. He worked on each piece of furniture as if it was the only furniture he would carve. Each of his work was a piece of art and appreciated by the buyers. Not only was he trying to please the buyers. He wanted to please himself . He was exercising stewardship over his talent.


We previously reported high platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factorβ (TGF‐β) levels in platelets from patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. We report here the effects of in vivo administration of recombinant human interferon‐γ on these growth factor levels. Of six patients who entered this study in our institution, four completed the 6‐month therapy trial with interferon‐γ PDGF and TGF‐β levels in platelets were evaluated before and after treatment. PDGF levels were determined using a radioimmunoassay and TGF‐β activity was measured using an inhibition growth assay on CC164 cells. In these four patients, IFN‐γ therapy led to a reduction of the increased PDGF and TGF‐β levels in platelets towards the normal range. PDGF and TGF‐β values decreased by 25–45% and 32–46%, respectively. An acute deterioration was observed in one patient 5 months after the end of IFN‐γ therapy. In this patient, the deterioration of his clinical state correlated with an increase in intraplatelet PDGF and TGF‐β levels.


The present invention relates to a power control apparatus and method for a processor comprising a plurality of cores, to check the use state of a plurality of cores provided in one of the processors, respectively, to be applied to any of the core that is not currently in use of each block independently of the power source, or said plurality of cores, by the user and to stop the supply power applied to any one core specified selection, individually, the use of each core equipped in a single processor, or whether the user's optionally, it becomes unnecessary any core and can be independently turned off the DC / DC converter, would be very useful inventions are able to effectively prevent wasting battery power due to the leakage current.


Paralysed muscles can regain their contraction by providing intact peripheral motor nerves, electrical stimulation. To elicit the muscle contraction of the peripheral nerves fibres may be achieved by activation of motor efferent or through reflex pathways by activation of sensory-afferent nerve fibres. The technique may also include activation of sensory nerve fibres for the purpose of eliciting a perceived response in the skin, which may be used to provide sensory clues to the non-sensory extremity. In more than 40 years of FES research, principles for safe stimulation of neuromuscular tissue have been established, and methods for modulating the strength of electrically induced muscle contractions have been discovered. The FES is a rehabilitation strategy which applies electrical current to the nerves that controls paralysed muscles in order to stimulate functional movement. Functional electrical stimulation includes both therapeutic applications and applications to obtain functional restoration of movement. Functional restoration of movement includes applications to enhance manipulation in the upper extremity or locomotion in the lower extremity.


In a microalgal culture under illuminated conditions, the production rate of cells depends on the distribution of light intensity and growth rate of cells. The relationship between light transmittance through culture liquid and cell concentration was estimated from experimental data using a green alga, Chlorella sp. UK001. In batch cultures of this alga, the optimum conditions for the growth were temperature of 30°C and pH of 5.7. Under these conditions, the value of specific growth rate of the alga increased with the increase in incident light intensity (I 0 ) up to 130 W m -2 , and it decreased when I 0 was over 130 W m -2 . Continuous cultures of the alga in a rectangular reactor were performed at I 0 =55.8 and 71.4 W m -2 . The dilution rates maximizing the production rate of cells existed for the respective values of I 0 . The production rates of cells in these cultures were calculated considering the distribution of light intensity in the reactor. The calculated results could successfully describe the experimental data at different dilution rates, and when I 0 =55.8 and 71.4 W m -2 , the production rates of cells indicated maxima at dilution rates of 0.0218 and 0.0220 h -1 , respectively.


A 37-year-old right-handed Indigenous Canadian man presented with 2.5 years of progressive involuntary movements, gait instability, and hyperesthesia. He complained of constant, involuntary head and trunk movements, severe speech disturbance, dysphagia, blurred vision, and binocular diplopia in all directions. He took no regular medications and drank no alcohol. Medical history was noncontributory. Family history was notable for a great uncle who died in his fifties from an unspecified gait disorder.


"There are three signs of old age. The first is the loss of memory, the other two I forget". Aging is "benign senile forgetfulness." The signs and symptoms of old age are different from those of Alzheimer's disease. Old age symptoms, manifested in forgetfulness, are simple lapses in memory: Forgetting the name of a person just met not finding the right word or expression while communicating taking more time to learn a new affair or article. Taking longer time to react or respond.


A framed structure and a construction method thereof are provided to establish a traditional Korean wooden building with less timber by finishing the conventional concrete structure with timbers, thereby taking advantages of both the concrete construction and the traditional wooden construction at low cost. A framed structure comprises a foundation(10), an eaves pole(100), a beam(200), and a bracket set(300). In the foundation, steel reinforcements(10d) are protruded on a floor base(10a). The eaves pole includes first pillars(110) installed on the corners of the foundation and second pillars(120) installed on the front entrance, where the pillars are fixed via the steel reinforcements. The end of the beam is fitted to a beam groove formed on the eaves pole. The bracket set includes a bracket taking a shape and pattern, a joint attached to the foundation, and a beam for preventing distortion of the bracket by the load of a roof(10c).


The transmissible venereal tumor of the dog, also known as canine condyloma, venereal granuloma, infectious sarcoma, infectious lymphosarcoma, transmissible lymphosarcoma, and contagious venereal tumor, is a neoplasm occurring naturally on the genitals of both male and female dogs. Tumors thought to be of venereal type have been described also in extragenital locations,1 but transplantation experiments to establish their identity as transmissible venereal tumors have not been performed. Although the transmissible venereal tumor has been studied by many competent pathologists, the origin and classification of the tumor cells are still subjects of controversy. Earlier workers 7,8 believed that the tumors are composed of epithelial cells and are therefore carcinomas. Others 9-11 considered them to be infectious granulomas. At present, however, there is no serious opposition to the belief that the transmissible tumors are truly neoplastic. Since transmission can be effected only by viable tumor cells, the belief that they are true tumors appears to be justified. As will be shown later, however, behavior of the tumor in vivo bears certain similarities to that of infectious granulomas. The consensus 1,12-15 is that the venereal tumors are round cell sarcomas or lymphosarcomas, although certain reservations concerning this concept have been made by some authors. Beebe and Ewing 1 believed the tumor to be either alveolar sarcoma or endothelioma. Feldman 13 formulated the characteristics of the neoplasms which differ from those of most lymphoid tumors and stated that the term lymphosarcoma was used only for morphologic reasons. Stubbs and Furth 15 mentioned that the designation of lymphosarcoma or endothelioma has no sound basis. Kaalund-Jorgensen and Thomsen 16 were impressed with the similarity to reticulo-sarcoma, but thought that further investigation was necessary before including venereal tumors in this group. Jackson 3 17 desig* Received for publication, January I6, Ig5o. tNow at the Department of Anatomy, Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. t Now at the Department of Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y.


After the Cultural Revolution,Sun Li returned to create.But what is not clear is that,as one of the victims in the Cultural Revolution,Sun Li yet became a far independent edge person far away from the mainstream literature when Trauma Literature and Reflective Literature were popular in the early 1980s.Sun Li's writing style in his later years changed in a big way,compared with that in his youth period.The external reasons,of course,are the turbulent situation of the era and the change of social life,and the important intrinsic reason is the entanglement of his depression.Recurrent depression pain made Sun Li unable to face his once wound.In the external environment stimulation in the 1990s,Sun Li sank into rewriting his works day and night,escaping from the reality.He didn't get out of the once shadow until he died.


Objective To investigate whether tamoxifen reverses the resistance to VP16 mediated by breast cancer resistance protein.Methods Toxicity of tamoxifen,VP16 and VP16 combined with tamoxifen in JAR and JAR/VP16 cell line was detected by MTT.Intracell fluorescence intensity of hochest 33342 and PI was accessed by flow cytometery.Expressions of BCRP mRNA and protein in JAR and JAR/VP16 cell line were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The expression of BCRP was upregulated in JAR/VP16 cell line.Effect of VP16 could be enhanced by tamoxifen. Cell inhibition ratio was significantly increased when VP16 combined with tamoxifen(P0.05).Expression of BCRP could be downregulated by tamoxifen. Conclusion Overexpression of BCRP results in the resistance of JAR/VP16 cell line to VP16.Tamoxifen can reverse the resistance via downregulating BCRP and inhibiting the function of BCRP.


determine the cause of Late Permian environmental perturbations that set in motion the incremental steps towards the largest mass extinction of the Phanerozoic. Chronostratigraphy has constrained timing and duration of teetering geological and biological conditions that culminated in the mass extinction. The Re-Os isotope method is a powerful geochemical tracer that ideally derives four separate types of information from the sedimentary record. First, the radioactive decay of Re to Os with time provides a geologic clock for the depositional age of the rock. Second, Re and Os concentrations help constrain the depositional environment both Re and Os are redox sensitive and therefore significantly enriched in anoxic and euxinic sediments. High Re/Os ratios may further indicate severe oxygen depletion. Third, the initial Os/Os ratio (or Osi) of the sediment reflects the Os isotopic composition of paleoseawater and is sensitive to changes in the rates of continental weathering, the material dominating weathering cycles, submarine volcanism, and meteorite impacts. Fourth, because both Re and Os are readily remobilized upon post-depositional exposure(s) to oxygen, the degree of isochroneity directly correlates with the degree of chemical disturbance/preservation in the rocks. That is, the degree of isochroneity indicates the reliability of other geochemical proxies for depositional conditions. Furthermore, combining Re-Os studies with stable isotope and trace metal analyses provides a multifaceted geochemical characterization of the sedimentary environment. When put into stratigraphic and paleontological perspective, the different facets contribute to accurate reconstruction of paleoceanographic depositional conditions. Here we discuss Re-Os isotope data for Upper Permian to Lower Triassic successions from three Boreal localities: East Greenland (GRL), mid-Norwegian shelf (MNS), and Opal Creek, Alberta, Canada (OPC). The GRL and MNS shale-siltstone-dominated sections were deposited on facing sides of a drowned shallow continental shelf in the Permo-Triassic Greenland-Norway seaway (Bugge et al., 2002; Stemmerik, 2001; Wignall and Twitchett, 2002). In the Late Permian, this elongate seaway probably connected the Panthalassa sea with the Tethys ocean and provided a pathway for water exchange (Sengör and Atayman, 2009). The OPC silty shale-dominated succession in western Canada was deposited on a deep water outer shelf or slope in the Panthalassa sea (Henderson, 1997). Drillcores sampled Wuchiapingian to Changhsingian organic-rich shale from the Ravnefjeld Formation in GRL (Piasecki and Stemmerik, 1991; Surlyk et al., 1986) and the Lower Turbidite Unit in MNS (Bugge et al., 2002). Five stratigraphically restricted intervals, four from MNS and one from GRL yield four indistinguishable Re-Os isochron ages (2-sigma) that constrain the time of shale deposition to ~252 Ma and the Osi of seawater in the Late Permian to ~0.6 (Georgiev et al., 2011). In addition to drillcore samples, we also studied Upper Permian shales and siltstones from outcrops in GRL. Re-Os data from shale-outcrop occurrences in the Ravnefjeld Formation scatter significantly around the isochron defined by correlative shale drill core samples. Georgiev et al. (2012) document alteration of primary Re-Os systematics by recent chemical weathering and oxidation of outcrop shales. Similarly, new analyses of outcrop siltstones from the Schuchert Dal Formation yield imprecise Re-Os ages. Re-Os isochroneity is achieved when a suite of samples with varying Re/Os ratios is deposited in a geologically short time with relatively constant seawater Osi, and the samples are not subsequently disturbed (e.g., exposed to oxidative processes). Even when Re-Os isochroneity is Svetoslav GEORGIEV, Holly STEIN and Judith HANNAH, 2013. Correlation of Permo-Triassic Sections in Eastern Greenland and Western Canada Based on Re-Os and Stable Isotope Data. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 87(supp.): 920-922.


Manganese powders were ball-milled within water by high-energy planetary ball mill.The phases and morphology of as-formed powders were studied by XRD and TEM.The chemical reaction between the manganese powders and water occurred during the ball milling processing,and theγ-Mn_3O_4 nanoparticles with the size between 30 nm and 100 nm were prepared,which were further oxidized or transformed into another type of crystalline during the following milling processing.The chemical reaction rate increased when a little amount of HCl or MnSO_4 was added into the solution but decreased when NaOH was added,which could be explained by Pourbaix diagram for Mn-H_2O system.


The novel algorithm of bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar (Bi-ISAR) for maneuvering target with sparse aperture is proposed. The global minimum entropy algorithm and eigenvector method are used to obtain the high precision motion compensation. Then, the chirp-Fourier dictionary is constructed, and the modified orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm is employed to solve the optimization problem to yield the high-resolution Bi-ISAR images. The simulation results are given to validate the performance of the presented algorithm.


A kind of adaptive approximate function is proposed in this paper.It proves that exponential function method applied on nonlinear programming is a convergent algorithm.It utilizes the sequential series approximate optimal solution to approach the original optimal solution.Comparing with conventional method,this method can get optimum by gradient equations.The series of{ f(x k) }do not need to be monotonic decreasing.The calculation is not sensitive to the variable dimensions,so this method has a wide variety application.It is a new method that use `special nonlinearity'to study `general nonlinearity'in view of methodology.


Non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a genetically complex birth defect, with a prevalence from 1/500 to 1/1,000 live births. Evidence from linkage and linkage disequilibrium studies is contradictory suggesting that heterogeneity between study populations may exist. A recent report of a genome widescan in 92 sib pairs from the United Kingdom revealed suggestive linkage to 10 loci [Prescott et al., 2000 ]. The purpose of this study is to replicate those results and evaluate additional candidate genes in 49 Colombian and 13 Ohio families. Genotypes were obtained for STRPs at 1p36, 2p13 (TGFA), 4p16 (MSX1), 6p23‐25, 6q25‐27, 8q23‐24, 11p12‐q13, 12q13, 14q24 (TGFB3), 16q22‐24, 17q12‐21 (RARA), and Xcen‐q21. Linkage was performed using parametric (dominant and recessive models) and non‐parametric (GenehunterNPL and SimIBD) analyses. In addition, heterogeneity was analyzed using GenehunterHLOD, and association determined by the TDT. The Colombian families showed significant SimIBD results for 11p12‐q13 (P = 0.034), 12q13 (P = 0.015), 16q22‐24 (0.01), and 17q12‐21 (0.009), while the Ohio families showed significant SimIBD results for 1p36 (P = 0.02), TGFA (P = 0.005), 6p23 (P = 0.004), 11p12‐q13 (P = 0.048) and significant NPL results for TGFA (NPL = 3.01, P = 0.009), 4p16 (MNPL = 2.07, P = 0.03) and 12q13 (SNPL = 3.55, P = 0.007). Significant association results were obtained only for the Colombian families in the regions 1p36 (P = 0.046), 6p23‐25 (P = 0.020), and 12q13 (P = 0.046). In addition several families yielded LOD scores ranging from 1.09 to 1.73, for loci at 4p16, 6p23‐25, 16q22‐24, and 17q13. These results confirm previous reports for these loci. However, the differences between the two populations suggest that population specific locus heterogeneity exists. This article contains supplementary material, which may be viewed at the American Journal of Medical Genetics website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0148–7299/suppmat/index.html. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Objective :
During major changes in business, effective employee communication is very important. In the course of the media shift, strategic employee communication is influenced by a variety of external information sources. This study is focused on the question which information employees expect from the management in times of change and how these are communicated effectively.
Method
To deter :mine these communication needs, 27 qualitative interviews were conducted in a fertilizer manufacturer with about 1,100 employees based in Munster. This company was acquired in 2011 by a private equity investor. The sale brought many changes, because since that time the company has been operating in the market as a non-consolidated, independent company.
Results :
The analysis of the interviews reveals that in times of change employees develop an increased demand for information. Required topics include statements relating to the future strategy and goals of the company. Personal communication is the preferred communication medium, followed by electronic information by mail or published on the intranet. If the management does not communicate, the uncertainty of the employees will increase, while the identification with the company and the motivation to work hard will decrease. As a consequence of the rapid media change, external media play an important role for employees concerning the gathering of information.
Conclusion :
Employee communication is an important factor for the successful introduction and implementation of changes and must not be underestimated by the management. The challenge of the management is to identify the information needs of employees. Strategy and goals of the company must be clearly communicated during the whole time. The announcement of major changes is best served by the choice of a rich communication medium like a staff meeting. Through regular and open communication with employees the uncertainty is bounded. If the employees do not feel well informed the role of external information sources increases and the credibility and the confidence in the management will be minimized. The influence of external media cannot be completely eliminated,
but it can be limited by an effective employee communication.


Enhancing heat transfer surface are used in many engineering applications such as heat exchanger, air conditioning, chemical reactor and refrigeration systems, hence many techniques have been investigated on enhancement of heat transfer. One of the most important techniques used are passive heat transfer technique or Augmentation Technique such as Twisted Tape. So many researchers tried to increase the effective surface area Contact with fluid to increases the heat transfer rate in the heat exchanger. In this research study focus on enhancement of double pipe counter flow heat exchanger more efficient with Quadratic Turbulator (baffle) attached twisted tape insert and it has been compared to the simple twisted tape insert and plain tube. The performance ratio increased from 1.13% to 1.16% with simple twisted tape to turbulator attached with twisted tape insert.


Lactosaminated Human Serum Albumin(L-HSA)was,used as a carrier and coupled to Ara-binosied adenine monophospate(AraAMP).The distribution of 125I-labelled L-HSA-AraAMPwere higher in liver than in other organs.Radioactivities of the drug could still be measured atthe 7th dav after injection.The efficacy of targeted drug was determined by analyzing dynamic changes of HBsAg andHBeAg in 2.2.15 cell culture medium by RIA and changes in the replicative intracellular HBVDN A content by Southern blot.The results showed that the targeted drug had significantly in-hibitory ratio of HBsAg and HBeAg which was similar to AraAMP(inhibitory ratfo of HBsAg50%,63%;HBeAg 62.6%,67.2%,respectively).Southern blot test showed the replicativeintermedlates rcDNA and ssDNA were inhibited by AraAMP.The targeted drug had parallel an-ti-H BV DN A reDlicative effectiveness com pared with AraAMP.The values of Si of drugs toHBsAg and HBeAg were detected.


Five patients with congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula communicating with the right ventricle are presented. Case 5, a 3-week-old infant, represents the youngest patient to be diagnosed and studied, in the literature. The clinical features, hemodynamics and angiocardiographic findings are analyzed.
 Two major types of fistula affecting the coronary arterial system are recognized. In coronary arteriovenous fistula the functional disturbance consists of a left-to-right shunt, and a diastolic overloading of the left heart chambers and of the right heart chambers into which the fistula opens. In coronary arterio-systemic fistula the altered hemodynamics are essentially those of an internal fistula confined to the systemic circulation. A postulate regarding the nature of the blood flow through the various types of fistulae is given, and this is correlated with the phonocardiographic and hemodynamic findings.
 The diagnosis should be strongly suspected on the basis of a loud, superficial and continuous cardiac murmur localized in an area atypical for a patent ductus arteriosus. If the continuous murmur is maximal at the pulmonary area, it is extremely difficult to differentiate this anomaly from a patent ductus arteriosus and/or aortic-pulmonary septal defect. Phonocardiographic demonstration of a louder diastolic than systolic component is very suggestive of a coronary arteriovenous fistula communicating with the right ventricle.
 The roentgenologic and electrocardiographic findings are not specific. Cardiac catheterization is not diagnostic, although when correlated with the clinical picture it may strongly suggest the diagnosis.
 Angiocardiography, particularly retrograde aortography, is diagnostic. The information obtained from the various methods used is discussed. Dilatation of the ascending aorta demonstrated by angiocardiography was a constant finding in our series. Its pathogenesis is discussed, and its importance as a differential sign in the angiocardiogram against the diagnosis of ventricular septal defect is stressed. The differential diagnosis by retrograde aortography between coronary arteriovenous fistula into the right ventricle and ruptured aortic sinus of Valsalva into the same chamber is discussed and illustrated.
 While this anomaly is compatible with longevity, the potential complications to which the patient with it may be subjected and the relative innocuousness of corrective surgery without the need for hypothermia or cardiopulmonary bypass, demonstrated in previous reports and in our series, make us believe that surgery should be considered in practically all cases of fistula of the coronary arterial system.


The convent of The Merced of Markina (Bizkaia), preserves their books of general expenses for an exceptionally wide period (1585-1830) and has added interest due to its rural location. The analysis of the alimentary consume patterns has allowed us to establish the variation on said patterns in the long run and its adjustment to the different economic situations that the convent went through. However, only in the expansive situation of the second half of the XVIII century they were able to maintain a similar diet to other convents in the Cantabrian area.


Soot mass concentrations were measured with laser-induced incandescence in a nonreacting flow. The behavior of the LII signal with respect to soot concentration, particle size, and temperature was isolated with the use of a controlled soot generating device. This device was also intended to simulate an environment similar to a jet engine exhaust. Reduction of inteference signals and high detection sensitivity was achieved with the use of a Nd:YAG laser at its fundamental wavelength and broadband detection from 570 to 850 run. The technique yielded LII signals nearly proportional to soot concentration over 4 orders of magnitude, with promise of detecting soot concentration to 1 part per trillion. The detection setup was designed, according to a model of the LII process, to reduce dependence on local gas temperature and soot particle size. Experimental results agreed with the model predictions in terms of particle size dependence. Also, LII signals were observed for gas temperatures from 70 to 300 °C, the latter approaching temperatures typical of an engine exhaust. No dependence on temperature was found over this range.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the ability of Z‐notation to formulate formal requirements specification of huge application software based on an example of the Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) Standard System. Z‐notation is using formal transformation approach to obtain operating software instead of traditional programming. The original MRP II software requirement specification possesses descriptive form extended by list of control questions. To make formal requirements specification, the original specification must be extending by some definition taken after APICS Dictionary. The definitions respect such concept as: item, item code, location, and order.Design/methodology/approach – Writing schemas based on subsystem order of MRP II Standard System and treating the system as three level structures (user interface, business logic, and database), the schemas described business logic level only. As a conclusion was necessity to extend descriptive requirements specification by defin...


retention in some form of the Alrvaia o<f>ayela as a receptacle of blood from a perverted sacrifice, and of pvOfup TIVI, intelligible in a context of perversion. Although he fails to find a convincing text, the diagnosis is preferable to Diggle who inclines to delete 395 and prints pvdfico 0' kvl. 469-71: full details of the torch dipped in water to sprinkle all present show the ritual to be very awkward with 469, and extremely allusive anyway. Direct reference to the x*Pl' (f° which S. argues for other reasons) would be a great help. I am also doubtful of the link with the smith image of Odyssey 9.391f. (equally fanciful is a similar explanation of 608f.). Stress on the 'sacrifice' of Polyphemus enables S. to retain <f>6vov at 471 (against Diggle) though the note on 477, on the possible TOTTOS of the collective task, shows that novov Koivwveiv is also appropriate. 497f.: S. suggests a bisexual encounter, taking vnayKaXi^cuv in an amorous sense and reading perhaps en\ K<has eKTreraaOeis for en-i Kvpov e-, all apparently to give more point to rls in 502. This is unwarranted interference.


Objective To find out a method for establishing the animal model of experimental autoimmune myositis. Methods SD rats were divided 3 groups of control(A) normal dose(B) and large dose model group(C).The animal model of experimental polymyositis was induced by repeatedly immunizing the three groups of rats with guinea pig skeletal muscle homogenates added to Freund' s complete adjuvant(CFA)(containing BCG vaccine).The clinical presentations, electromyogram, serum muscle enzymes, MRI, pathology of cardiac muscle and lung were observed. Results Group C had the symptoms earlier and more severe than group B. The serum enzymes in group C increased significantly compared with those in the other groups.Sarcous harmfulness was seen on electromyogram in model groups.MRI showed positive change in one rat of group B and in one rat of group C.Skeletal muscles taken from group C and 11 rats of group B had pathological changes.Three random cardiac muscle samples had positive changes, and positive change was seen in one lung sample. Conclusion Immunity mechanism is related to polymyositis.A better classical animal model may be established by properly increase of antigen immunity dosage.


Psoriasis (PSO), an immune‐mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease, has seriously affected the quality of patients' life. It is urgent to find effective medicines with lower costs and less side effects. Baicalin (HQG) is the main bioactive substance from Scutellaria baicalensis with effects of anti‐inflammation and immunoregulation. Herein, we explored the effect of oral HQG treating PSO and its potential mechanism. Firstly, network pharmacology was used to predict that HQG may act on Estrogen, TNF‐alpha (tumor necrosis factor, TNF), interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) signaling pathways and Th17 cell differentiation, especially the key targets including TNF, Proto‐oncogene tyrosine‐protein kinase Src, Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma and Matrix metalloproteinase‐9. Imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced mice were then used to study the effects of HQG treating PSO. HQG could significantly ameliorate the skin lesions, decrease the level of inflammatory factors and inhibit Th1/Th17 cell differentiation in IMQ‐induced mice. Finally, transcriptome analysis of skin lesions integrated with the prediction of network pharmacology further demonstrated that the potential mechanism may be associated with suppressing Wnt signaling pathway and inhibiting Th17/IL‐17 axis by activating PPARγ. In conclusion, this study suggested that HQG may be a promising agent for further studies in the search for therapeutic strategies to treat PSO in the future.


We investigate a proposal of K.D. Pang and co-workers, who identified ancient Chinese texts that appear to record two major volcanic eruptions. The evidence presented by Pang, and substantial additional evidence, is reviewed: we conclude that Pang's identification of the texts as recording volcanism is correct, but that his designation of the volcanoes is incorrect. We also identify ancient texts recording an earlier eruption, during the reign of the legendary Yellow Emperor, in predynastic times. Data from ice cores and tree rings is combined to obtain a record of climate-perturbing eruptions during 2300– 900 BC. The record is used to date the three Chinese eruptions: to 2037 BC, 1628 BC, and 1161 BC. The three dates, in conjunction with the ancient texts, lead to a precise chronology for ancient China. Additionally, the eruption of 1161 BC is hypothesized to be the root source of the Mandate of Heaven. Ancient Chinese texts also record that the first Chinese dynasty was founded during a great flood, which lasted over a century, and evidence of such a flood is reviewed herein. A companion paper argues that the flood was part of a near-global climatic upheaval, which was induced by the eruption of 2037 BC.


SARS-CoV-2 better kenned as coronavirus or Covid-19 has been declared ecumenical pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) affecting 213 countries and territories around the world and 2 international conveyances. So, far the virus has claimed 54,400 lives and has infected more than 11.8 million across the globe. The pandemic has negatively impacted businesses irrespective of their sizes or industry. In order to control the virus, lockdowns have been implemented in many of the countries across the globe. The extent of the implement for every country is directly proportional to the number of tests done and cases reported. Due to the lockdown, there have been peregrinate restrictions both domestic and international. Enforcing the organizations to work remotely but few organizations and industries like pabulum industry (in context to field work in aliment supply chain) are struggling to work remotely due to the nature of their business. Victuals supply chain resiliency is highly affected by and vulnerably susceptible due to Covid-19. It is highly critical and paramount for the ministries, regimes, and the entire aliment industry to identify and evaluate post Covid-19 possible impacts on resiliency and factors and, the degree of jeopardies in the pabulum supply chain. The paper discusses the possible type of impacts visually examined post Covid-19 (short-term, mid-term or long-term) for each of the performance criteria (quantifying the designators). The degree of jeopardy is evaluated for post Covid-19 in contrast to pre-Covid-19.


We propose a novel broadband beam pattern synthesis method to synthesize arbitrarily structured beam-steering arrays by utilizing time reversal technique. Unlike conventional frequency-domain array synthesis methods, this method achieves array excitation by taking the Fourier Transform of the time reversed version of the transient signals received by antenna elements. Using this method, designers can determine the array excitation over a wide frequency range at once by a single run of time reversal experiment, instead of performing time-consuming multi-objective optimizations of beam pattern cost-functions at each frequency. Furthermore, it does not require explicit measurements of element mutual coupling and platform scattering effects since the time reversal signals have implicitly taken into account those effects. The proposed method is theoretically analyzed with the antenna reciprocity and numerically validated with three dipole arrays of different configurations. The results show that this new method is capable of realizing accurate beam steering over a wide frequency band if the desired steering angle is located in the feasible angular scope of beam scan. The beam patterns with accurate beam steering are successfully achieved over a bandwidth of more than 1.5 GHz for three different dipole arrays, i.e., a typical linear dipole array, a grounded circular dipole array, and a dome-shaped dipole array.


This article studied the relationship between the speed and pressure of the screw and the preformed and protruded quantity.When suitable pressure was applied to a rotating screw in a new quantificational plastic-protruding device(China patent),the pressure in the system was stabilized, and we were able to get stable protruded quantity precisely.The feasibility of the method and the stability of this quantificational plastic-protruding device were validated through statistical tests.Our discovery provided fundamental theory for the application of this new quantificational plastic-protruding device.


(...) Comparisons of P. solanacearum to three other nonfluorescent pseudomonads and to four pathovars of Xanthomonas campestris showed close similarity within the first group, contrasting to clear separation from xanthomonads. Virulent, extracellular polysaccharide-producing isolates of P. solanacearum and nonfluidal forms of those same strains had similar protein patterns


Based on the status quo and challenges of the functions of current librarian management system,the article sets forth the idea that we should combine librarian business and services with the characteristics of librarian management database to optimize its systematic functions.In addition,it demonstrates the related key technology and implement method through some examples.


It is a question that men extremely note how to enhance the validity of the ideological and political education of colleges and universities.To solve this question fundamently,firstly we must clearly know the present problem,find out the reason why it is produced,then can we find scientific ways to solve it and still better enhance the validity of the ideological and political education of colleges and universities.


Estuaries and coasts are conjunctions of four spheres(atmosphere,lithosphere,hydrosphere and biosphere)and important matter and energy convergence/divergence zones,where developed economy,dense population and highly intensive exploitation induce adverse environmental changes and serious destruction of resources,which have great impacts on coastal sustainable development,especially as the highly intensive development in river basins has direct and pronounced effects on estuaries and their adjacent coasts.In the new centruy,China's estuaries and coast are faced with four main challenges:sharp decrease of sediment discharge into the sea.rapid increase of pollution matter into the sea,loss of coastal wetland,and the impacts of global sea level rise on the coastal lowlands of China.Therefore,it is undoubtedly very important and urgent to carry out studies on estuarine and coastal environmental changes,in order to resolve the issue of national sustainable development,especially that of rational use of coastal zone resources.


Synthesis of ecological data is a major vehicle for addressing questions that span a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Useful syntheses should be reliable, reproducible, and repeatable. Such synthesis requires access to data, accurate and precise descriptions of those data (metadata), and documentation of the analytical processes used to derive usable datasets from collections of raw data that may be massive and may include real-time data streams. We describe a formal representation – an analytic web – that provides clear, complete, and precise definitions of scientific processes used to process raw and derived data. The formalisms used to define analytic webs are adaptations of those used in software development, and they provide a novel and effective support system for the synthesis of ecological data. We illustrate the utility of an analytic web through the analysis and synthesis of long-term measurements of whole-ecosystem carbon exchange, and in the construction of a complete, internet-accessible audit trail of the analytic processes used to determine the effect of varying model parameters on estimation of nighttime carbon flux. The analytic web not only increased the ease and speed of processing and synthesizing ecological data but also provided a great leap forward in communicating the results of our efforts. Our software toolset, SciWalker, can be used to create a variety of analytic webs, including webs of webs, tailored to specific data synthesis activities. The process metadata created by SciWalker is readily adapted for inclusion in Ecological Metadata Language


Alternate wetting and drying technique at late growth stage of rice has been widely used in high-yield cultivation techniques to increase water use efficiency,improve soil aeration and enhance root growth in paddy fields.The aim of alternate wetting and drying technique was to coordinate and balance soil water and soil oxygen,making the technique typically different from traditional rice cultivation techniques.To further enhance production under high-yield cultivation techniques like alternate wetting and drying technique,change in soil oxygen and soil water contents were investigated in a paddy field in Sanya,Hainan Province.A field experiment was carried out with alternate wetting and drying treatments at the late growth stage(February to April) of rice in 2013.The aim of the experiment was to develop a novel strategy for further research on physiological mechanism of rice with alternate wetting and drying technique.Soil oxygen content,soil water content and soil temperature at 5 cm soil depth in the studied paddy filed were synchronously monitored from 8:00 to 17:59 every day from heading to maturity stage of rice.While the soil was saturated with water under alternate wetting and drying,soil oxygen was almost impossibly detected by Firesting O2.While soil water content at the 5 cm soil depth decreased gradually as soil slowly dried up,soil oxygen content increased.On the 19th,24th and 29th day of post-anthesis,soil water content decreased to 25.4%,25.1% and 24.7% while soil oxygen content increased to 17.5%,17.4% and 17.4%,respectively.During flowering,grain-filling and maturity stages of rice,daily soil oxygen content initially decreased and then increased later in the day,with the lowest value generally appearing at 14:00-15:00.Soil water content fluctuated but gradually decreased during the day.Soil temperature increased initially and then decreased later in the day,with peak value generally appearing at 15:00-16:00.When soil temperature was the highest during 8:00-17:59,soil water content was lower while soil oxygen content increased.At flowering,grain-filling and maturity stages,a significantly negative correlation was noted between soil oxygen content and soil water content.Although soil water content was negatively influenced by soil temperature,the correlation between soil oxygen content and soil temperature was insignificant.Under alternate wetting and drying cultivation,a reciprocal relationship existed between soil oxygen content and water content in paddy fields during late growth stages of rice.Thus through moderate alternate dry-wet management measure,soil water and soil oxygen balance in root-zone soil layer was adjusted to some extent.


In this paper the M/G/1 queueing system with startup-close periods and multiple vacations is considered.We study the transient and equilibrium properties of the queuelength. By introducing the server busy period and using the total probability decomposition technique,we derive the recursion expression of the L-transformation of the transient queue-length distribution at any time t,and also the recursion expressions of the distribution and stochastic decomposition of the queue-length at a random point in equilibrium.


Embryo assessment is the most critical step of an IVF cycle. Morphologic evaluation of embryonic development has been the conventional method of embryo selection for transfer. However, this evaluation is subjective due to the diversity of skills and experience of embryologists. Machine learning (ML)-based models have been implemented in many clinical applications and considered a promising solution for efficient and unbiased performance. Therefore, this paper performs the SWOT analysis on human- and ML-based embryo assessments, representing conventional and artificial intelligence-assisted medicines, respectively. After analyzing various perspectives of each approach, the appropriate strategies are proposed for gradually shifting from the conventional to the ML-based approach in embryo evaluation.


Physical activity and sport are basic requirements for a healthy population and public administrations should provide the necessary services for the wellbeing of their citizens. However, there are few clear directives around the priorities and objectives of administrations in terms of sports provision. The present study uses the case study method to show how strategic management tools are decisive when drawing up the strategic sports management policies of a town hall.


Prevalence of cervical Human Papillomavirus infection and type distribution vary with different environments. Knowledge of this will help in some cervical cancer interventions such as vaccine administration. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of cervical HPV infection among women attending a tertiary hospital in Awka, Nigeria. To evaluate cervical HPV Infections, cervical samples were collected over a period of 1 year from 405 consenting women. Multiplex PCR and cytology were used in the study. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain the demographic characteristics of the participants. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics version 21. The findings showed that of the 405 women, 387 (94.4%) had normal cytology, and 18 (4.4%) had Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL). There was no High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL). HPV prevalence of (79) 19.5% was obtained overall in the 405 women, (75 of 387) 19.4% with normal cytology, (4 of 18) 22.2% with LSIL. Age specific prevalence peaked at age group 30 - 39 and a second peak at 60 - 69. HPV types obtained were HPV 16 31 (7.7%), HPV 18 24 (5.9%), HPV 35 3 (0.7%), HPV 33 9 (2.2%), HPV 68 3 (0.7%) and multiple infections (9) 2.2%. HPV 16 was the only type found in LSIL. Regular HPV typing and screening of our women for HPV infection and Pap's smear can go a long way in the reduction of cervical cancer.


The article publishes a document from the Archives of the State Hermitage in St. Petersburg (fund 1, dossier 17, unit 6/9, pp. 1–6), a memorandum presenting arguments to transfer to the Hermitage the famous collection of Egyptian antiquities, which was gathered by Vladimir Golenischeff and placed upon its purchase by the state in 1909 at the Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow. The handwriting in the manuscript makes it possible to identify the compiler of the document as Vasily Struve (1889–1965), a prominent researcher of the ancient Orient in the early Soviet period and the keeper of the Hermitage Egyptian collection since the mid-1910s. A comparison with a document from the archives of the A. S. Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, which mentions and quotes the memorandum, allows dating it to the middle of 1923. The context of Struve's initiative was the mobility of academic and cultural institutions in the post-revolutionary years and, probably, more specifically, the attempts to reorganize the collections of Egyptian antiquities in Moscow (to centralize them in the so-called Museum-Institute of the Classical Orient launched by Vladimir Vikentiev). As expected, this initiative was met with harsh objections from the Museum of Fine Arts, most likely backed by Tatiana Borozdina-Kozmina who was Boris Turaev's successor as the keeper of the museum's Egyptian collection. In the end, this initiative was never implemented. The episode reflected in this document is an interesting illustration of the degree of mobility even in the life of the leading and best-established museum collections in post-revolutionary Russia.


Usage of Mobile Content Services has not increased as much as was anticipated ten years ago. This is a potentially lucruative industry. Is it attractive and how does it grow? The mobile content industry is investigated in this work with focus on competition and growth.


14 INSILICO AND INVITRO STUDY OF MIMOSA PUDICA AND THE BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ITS PHYTOCOMPOUND MIMOSINE AGAINST METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) Sulochana somasundaram1, Vishnupriya S2 Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Chennai Email: email@example.com, email@example.com Abstract Many pathogenic bacteria has developed resistance to all classes of antibiotics and emerged to cause life threatening outbreaks. Hence, there is a need to develop new therapeutic agents from plants. Mimosa pudica L. is one of the highly significant plants known from ages for its many notable therapeutic applications. The objective of the study is to screen for phytocompounds such as flavonoids which includes Galangin, Quercetin, Luteolin and alkaloid Mimosine in the plant extract and to test for the bactericidal effect of the active purified compound against MRSA isolated in clinic. Insilico docking studies were performed initially to evaluate the drug-likeness and efficacy of the compounds. Docking studies revealed that the active compounds of Mimosa pudica, mimosine showed best dock score of 115.26. Hence, the active phytocompoundMimosine of the plant was separated by TLC using ethylacetate:ethanol (8:2) and then the compound is purified by column chromatographic technique followed by HPLC technique to detect the presence of compound of interest which resulted a peak at 280 nm with a Rt of 20 min. The fractions F3, F4 and F5 were found to have pure mimosine of concentration 1.041, 0.871, 0.606 mg/ml . The purified Mimosine was characterized by FTIR. The purified phytocompoundMimosine was also assayed for its bactericidal activity against 9 strains of MRSA at different concentrations ranging from 100, 150 and 200 μg/ml. The strains were sensitive to Mimosine with the maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 25.5 mm, 21 mm, 35 mm, 35mm was observed at 200 μg/ml for 4th , 5th , 8th and 9th strain respectively. The resistant strain were tested again with the 300 μg/ml of Mimosine for 1st , 2nd , 3rd , 6th and 7th strain showed maximum ZOI of 22mm, 23mm, 25mm, 23.5mm, 24.5mm, 23mm respectively. The strains were tested for vancomycin also. The results showed that the vancomycin resistant MRSA could be treated with a concentration >200 μg/ml of mimosine.


my interpretation of units B, C, and D as progradational deltaic deposits, Otvos has raised two points of disagreement with the palcogeographic/chronologic model employed in my paper: (1) he questions the emergent nature of the Pine Island barrier sand; (2) he feels that the deltaic deposits which succeed the Pine Island sand are older than those associated with the Bayou Sauvage delta lobe. Inasmuch as neither of these matters bears upon my conclusions--namely, that callianassid burrows are of great interpretive significance at the subject exposure and thus may be of comparable utility among other post-Triassic deltaic/marginal marine successions--Otvos' assertion that my "main conclusions cannot be reconciled with the available facts" must surely be based upon his misunderstanding of my conclusions rather than upon a presumed pertinence of the two points of dispute. Nevertheless, these points can be respectively considered and readily resolved as follows : ( I ) The writer employs the term "Pine Island barrier spit" (and depicted this sand development as a peninsular landform) in order to summarily characterize a Holocene sand barrier which was, to be sure, variably emergent, discontinuous, and diachronous during the course of its developmental history. Subaerial stranding is indicated at the subject exposure by thin, discontinuous shell-debris and wood-fragment horizons closely associated with the Ophiomorpha zones. Emergence of the Pine Island barrier is also evidenced by the relicts of early man (in the form of shell middens) along this trend. (2) The writer pointed out that the basal part of unit C reflects reworking of unit A prior to and during deposition of the progradational deltaic sediments which succeed the Pine Island sand. Thus the basal part of unit C may well be of pre-Bayou Sauvage age, as Otvos proposes. Finally, because the writer's paper does not primarily concern the Holocene stratigraphy o:f the New Orleans area, it is felt that the "pertinent" references missing from the paper are in fact quite incidental to the subject.


Hong Kong has seen a dramatic increase in energy consumption in recent years,particularly electricity use in commercial buildings.The growth of electricity demand in future years is crucial both economically and environmentally.As over half of the electricity in Hong Kong is consumed by commercial buildings,and heating,ventilation and air-conditioning(HVAC)is the largest end-user in such buildings,improving the efficiency of HVAC systems in commercial buildings,is the key measure to take in Hong Kong for sustainable development.In this study,the major factors influencing the electricity use of HVAC systems are studied with the building energy simulation program EnergyPlus,which include chiller efficiency,space cooling temperature,variable vs.constant air flow,fan efficiency,lighting intensity and building envelope.From the analysis of the simulation results,it can be found that substantial energy-saving potential exists through improving the efficiency of HVAC systems in commercial buildings,and a combination of desirable system parameters for energy efficiency of commercial building is proposed.


One of the earliest applications of DSP (digital signal processing) has been in radar systems. DSP enabled target discrimination using both velocity and range in pulse-Doppler radar. DSP has also been the key technology behind EASA, SAR radar and more recently STAP radar processing.


In this paper, the structural method of thermoeconomics is applied to find the optimal geometrical design to a vertical tubular air heater, whose original design is widely used on boilers installed on sugar mills. The objective function describes the running cost due to the temperature difference and pressure drop in function of the main geometrical parameters. The objective function is continuous in the interval of analysis and has a strong non linear behavior, then for solving it, the Optimization Toolbox from MATLAB 6.5 was used, through the function FMINCON, which uses an algorithm of medium scale, the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) and the Cuasi Newton method. The new design reduces the running cost of equipment 1,97 US$/s compared to the one of RETO 45-28 system.


The problems associated with conducting large-scale research projects to assess the efficacy of teaching techniques in economics are well known. In the United Kingdom, we have found that these problems are compounded when attempting to evaluate the contribution that computers make to economics learning. As a result, despite the much wider use of computers in economics teaching in the United Kingdom than in the United States, no hard empirical data exist in the United Kingdom on the contribution of computers to economic education, and there appears little likelihood of such data appearing in the immediate future. Nevertheless, casual empiricism and the widespread adoption of software teaching packages suggest a vital role for the computer in economic education. By observing the uses to which the computer has been put and the characteristics of the programs adopted, we have identified areas in which the computer may have an absolute advantage over conventional teaching techniques. The two main areas where the computer has significant potential in economic education are simulations and data handling. Many other appliKeith G. Lumsden is a professor and director at The Esmee Fairbairn Research Centre, HeriotWatt University, Edinburgh. Alex Scott is a senior research fellow at The Esmte Fairbairn Research Centre. The authors wish to thank Kalman Goldberg, who, in his editorial capacity, is largely responsible for the form and focus of this article.


In many scholarly writings about journalism, the idea can be found that competitive pressure urges journalists to make news more arousing. This hypothesis was tested in two cultural settings: the Western European culture and the Chinese-dominated culture. A total of 3028 TV news stories from seven different markets, or 12 different news programs, were analyzed on the presence of arousing news characteristics. High competitive pressure at the market level appeared to contribute to the prevalence of arousing news, but this effect was more pronounced in the Chinese-dominated culture than in the Western European culture. Effects of high competitive pressure at the station level were only observed in the Western European culture.


Objective To assess curative effect of interventional ultrasound in treatment of the tumor thrombus of portal vein(PVTT) with absolute alcohol and chemotherapy drugs.Methods Absolute alcohol and chemotherapy drugs was injected into PV guided by ultrasound in 21 hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients with PVTT.The operation was carried out one time each weak and the course of treatment involved four to five times injections continuously.Then the patients were followed up for 3 to 24 months.Results 19 cases(90.5%) were improved in different degrees after the treatment.Among them the tumor thrombus disappeared in 9 cases(42.8%),the tumor thrombus became smaller or stopped developing in 10 cases(47.6%),2 cases(9.5%) ended the treatment because of the digestive bleeding.Conclusion The combined PEI has a good efficacy for PVTT,and the survival rate in 3 to 24 months is higher than that of only PP puncture PEI.


Employing a user-centered design approach, hospital Web sites were investigated to understand what content and interactivity users preferred. The findings show that trust, credibility, usefulness, and personalization are vital factors for people in the adoption of hospital Web site usage. A mixed method of usability testing and in-depth interviewing was used to develop a participatory design framework. With a high fidelity prototype of a hospital Web site, 30 participants matching the institution's patient demographics took part in usability testing and in-depth interviewing. The results have implications for designing future hospital, healthcare, and medical Web sites.