Background: The Marx Activity Rating Scale (MARS) and the Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS) are both validated activity scales. While the MARS examines greatest physical activity level within the last year, the HSS Pedi-FABS assesses the greatest level of physical activity within the last month. Purpose: To determine whether the different time frames used in MARS and HSS Pedi-FABS affect scores on common items in both scales, and if so, to determine whether age or injury status affect this difference. Methods: The MARS and 4 analogous items on the HSS Pedi-FABS were administered sequentially in random order to patients being evaluated at two sports surgeons' clinic for knee injuries in addition to their healthy companions in order to enroll an uninjured comparison group. Responses to each question were scored from 0-4 for a maximum overall score of 16. Participant demographics were also recorded. Paired and independent sample t-tests were used to determine mean differences between the two scales and between healthy and injured adults and children, respectively. Results: The final cohort included 88 participants of which 47% were children (ages 10-17) and 51% had a knee injury. All participants except for healthy adults scored significantly lower on the HSS Pedi-FABS than the MARS (p < 0.05, Table 1). On the HSS Pedi-FABS activity scale, healthy participants scored significantly higher than injured participants (p<0.01), but there were no significant differences based on age, Figure 1A. Conversely, on the MARS scale, children scored higher than adults (p≤0.001), but there were no significant differences based on injury, Figure 1B. Conclusion: Physical activity level is significantly different when evaluated by either MARS or its analogue portion of HSS Pedi-FABS. Because the only difference between the scales is the timeframe, the lower scores on the Pedi-FABS than the MARS are likely due to seasonal changes in activity which are not captured in the MARS. Because the Pedi-FABS analyzes a shorter window, it is more likely to capture acute changes in physical activity due to a recent injury than the MARS scale while the MARS scale is better suited for examining general physical activity unaffected by seasonality. Understating the differences between these scales can guide clinicians in using them appropriately when evaluating patient activity level. Tables: Table 1. Mean differences between the MARS and HSS Pedi-FABS scales based on adult vs. child and healthy vs. injured status. n MARS HSS Pedi-FABS Difference Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD p-value Healthy Child 22 12.5 ± 3.8 9.7 ± 5.0 2.7 ± 3.8 0.003 Adult 21 6.8 ± 4.4 7.0 ± 4.8 0.1 ± 1.3 0.614 Injured Child 19 12.4 ± 5.0 3.1 ± 4.5 9.3 ± 8.1 <0.001 Adult 26 6.4 ± 5.6 3.2 ± 4.4 3.2 ± 6.7 0.024 SD = Standard deviation Figures: Figure 1. Significant differences between injured and healthy adults and children on the A) HSS Pedi-FABS scale and B) MARS scale.


Staurosira longwanensis sp. nov. is described from Sihailongwan maar lake, northeast China. The morphology of this new species is documented with light and scanning electron micrographs and discussed in comparison with several small species of Fragilariaceae. Staurosira longwanensis belongs in the genus Staurosira since it shares many features with taxa currently ascribed to it such as the position and characteristics of the spines, the characteristics of the areolae and apical pore fields. Apart from the type locality, S. longwanensis also occurs in another volcanic lake in northeast China, with circumneutral and oligotrophic water. Diatom analysis of the long sedimentary record retrieved from Lake Sihailongwan indicates that S. longwanensis has been present at low relative abundances in this lake at least since the Late Pleistocene.


The expression and description of statistical analysis have been an essential part of many sci-tech papers.Several common problems about notation and description of multiple comparison found in sci-tech journals were described and discussed,including incomplete or incorrect description of comparison methods,incorrect use of terminology,incomplete notes,or even no notes in figures or tables describing the comparison results,disagreement of description in words with the multiple comparison results in tables and figures,and disagreement of description in the text with that in tables and figures.Ideas on improvement of notation and description of multiple comparison in sci-tech journals are suggested in detail.


Biek et al "Terrestrial and stream amphibians across clearcut-forest interfaces in the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon." Northwest Science. 2002; 76(2): 129-140


Synopsis By mixing two infrared laser pulses of different wavelengths, we generate the continuum harmonic spectrum around a cut-off region. Our obtained harmonic spectra clearly show the possibility of generating isolated attosecond pulses from many-cylse laser pulse of the two color laser fields, 30 fs laser pulses centered at 800 nm and 1300 nm. This scheme makes it possible to easily create a high-energy attosecond pulse with a well-established conventional femtosecond laser system.


Chronic diarrhea is caused by infection of exogenous evils,impairment by abnormal diet,imbalance of emotions,deficiency after illness,or insufficient constitution,the mechanisms underlying this disease is the gut dysfunction which is caused by the impaired spleen and stomach and the dampness blocking the spleen.Proffessor Liu think the key etiology of this disease is the failure of spleen in transformation and transportation,and it's closely related to the function of liver and kidney,despite the disease-bit center is the gut.Clinically,chronic diarrhea can be devided into 6 syndromes:deficiency of spleen and stomach syndrome,liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome,deficiency of kidney-yang syndrome,qi deficiency and water retention syndrome,cold-heat jumble syndrome,stagnation of damp-heat in middle energizer syndrome,which can be respectively treated by add and subtract Powder of Ginseng,Poria and Bighead Atractylodes,Prescription of Importantance for Diarrhea Pain,Pill of Four Miraculous Drugs,Decoction of Tetrandra and Astragalus Root with Decoction of Poria,Cinnamon Twig,White Atractylodes and Liquorice,Pinellia Decoction for Purging Stomach-fire,Pill of Aucklandia Root and Coptis.


ABSTRACT As a critical developmental goal, emotion regulation (ER) for young children in orphanages has yet to be fully understood. This paper explores how co-experiencing of dramatic interactions in playworlds supports a child's resolution and regulation of emotions in an institutional care setting in China. 49 hours of video data were analysed with the cultural-historical concepts of catharsis and perezhivanie. Findings show that catharsis as a crucial aspect of ER development takes the form of a triadic relationship between emotions, imagination, and drama. Together they create conditions for the child to reorganize the person-environment unity, which helps shape the child's further development.


In this paper we discuss the events when "small" eddies occurred between large vortex formations. Three case studies were performed over the eastern Atlantic, Western and Eastern Europe. We examined the events observed on June 18, 2010 (Figure 1a), January 15, 2006 (Figure 1b), and May 11, 1998 (Figure 1c). The information was derived from the METEOSAT-5-9 geostationary satellite imagery in water vapor (WV) channel 6.2 μm with high time resolution (15 min). The spatial resolution was from 3 km at the equator to 5-11 km at middle and northern latitudes. The simultaneous analysis of consequent WV imagery and synoptic maps allowed us to identify the conditions of formation and evolution of "small vortex arrays" as well as to suggest a mechanism of small-scale eddies interaction and also to examine their linkage to the blocking processes in the atmosphere. The evolution of atmospheric processes in the areas in question can be described as follows. Two large vortex formations (cyclone and anticyclone) moving towards each other (which is an extremely rare case), deformed and narrowed the space occupied by the trough and ridge. The array of "small" eddies "floating" to the north was formed particularly along the ridge. The main feature of the flow pattern at AT500 was the existence of a powerful ridge oriented along the meridian. The highest positive pressure anomalies (up to 24 hPa) were observed there. The research showed that the occurrence of "small" eddies can be considered as an indicator of a blocking system. Heavy storms in the North Atlantic were characterized by very low pressure in all the situations observed. Meanwhile, this is one of the prerequisites for the occurrence of blocking systems in Europe. The satellite information demonstrated us many other examples of the effects resulting from the interaction of two large vortex formations. We also studied the interaction of two typhoons. A satellite imagery of two closely adjacent interacting typhoons (Figure 2) gives another example showing how an array of small eddies is formed between two large vortex formations. The conditions of occurrence and evolution of "small" eddies resulting from the interaction of two and more vortex formations were studied by a numerical model [1]. The results of numerical experiments simulating a real situation presented in Figure 2 are shown in Fig.3. Figure 4 confirms the possibility of occurrence of small eddies resulting from the interaction of three closely located vortices.


A gender analysis is needed for a deeper understanding of democracy and democratic transitions. While many commentators of the Middle East have focused on the participation (and transformation) of Islamist parties as key to a democratic transition, they tend to overlook what are in fact key constituencies, natural allies, and social bases of democratic politics—women and their feminist organizations. Women may need democracy in order to flourish, but democracy needs women if it is to be inclusive, representative, and enduring. A comparative perspective as well as a focus on the Middle East/North Africa region illustrates the relationship between the advancement of democracy and the advancement of women.


To study the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and sepsis in adults with type 1 diabetes, and to explore the relationship between HbA1c and mortality among individuals who developed sepsis.


The general method and process to analyze the failure reason of solid rocket engine from the engineering research are discussed in this paper. The method and process, including failure tree analysis, design review, analysis of data curve reexamination and testing, are applied to the trial failure in some engine to find out the reasons and mechanism of the failure. The integrate technique measures are adopted and tested according to the failure mechanism. At last, the failure is turned to zero.


Functional meat products can be developed by various strategies like reduction of fat, saturated fatty acids, salt and nitrite as well as by the incorporation of functional ingredients like fibres (Barros et al., 2018). Consumption of diet containing dietary fiber is linked with control of body weight, reduction of cardiovascular diseases risk and decrease in chronic health problems (WHO/FAO, 2003; Slavin, 2005). Dietary fiber has various beneficial effect like it increase bulkiness of diet, form gel during digestion, slowing of glucose absorption, trapping of carbohydrates, regulate blood pressure and lowering LDL cholesterol (Dhingra et al., 2012). In the present investigation, the effect of hydrated wheat bran on physico-chemical, textural, color and sensory qualities of spent hen meat nuggets were studied. Moisture, protein, fat and aw decreased significantly (P<0.05), while ash, fiber, water holding capacity, emulsion stability and cooking yield increased significantly (P<0.05) with incorporation of wheat bran. It was found that addition of hydrated wheat bran significantly (P<0.05) increased moisture retention and fat retention. Instrumental color profile, lightness (L * ) and yellowness (b * ) increased while redness (a * ) decreased (P<0.05 with addition of hydrated wheat bran. The effect of addition of hydrated wheat bran was also observed on instrumental textural properties of nuggets. Hardness, chewiness and gumminess of spent hem meat nuggets were higher, whereas springiness, stringiness, cohesiveness and resilience were lower in treated products as compared to control. All the sensory properties decreased significantly (P<0.05) with the addition of hydrated wheat bran however, sensory panelists rated the nuggets to be of 'very good to excellent' quality. It is concluded that fiber enriched spent hen meat nuggets can be successfully developed with the incorporation of pre-hydrated 8 % wheat bran. K e y w o r d s


ABSTRACT. This study provides normative data on the Millon ClinicalMultiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) among 259 child custody examin-ees who were obtained from private practice settings in four differentstates. The mean MCMI-III profile in this sample was an elevation on Joseph T. McCann is affiliated with the United Health Services Hospitals, Bing-hamton, NY. James R. Flens is affiliated with the Family Resource Center, Brandon,FL. Vicky Campagna is in Private Practice, Redwood City, CA. Pamela Collman isaffiliated with Youth Link of Fresno County. Thomas Lazzaro is in Private Practice,Syracuse, NY. Ed Connor is in Private Practice, Covington, KY.Address correspondence to: Joseph T. McCann, 151 Leroy Street, Binghamton,NY 13905.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 5th Annual Millon ClinicalInventories Conference on Personology and Psychopathology, Chicago, IL, October,1998.Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, Vol. 1(2) 2001E 2001 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.


UNLABELLED
The infusion of vasoactive drugs in preterm babies using syringe pumps can be complicated by important variations in the infusion rate.

AIMS OF THE STUDY
1) to assess the time between pump start and the actual presence of a substance in the circulation, when using slow rates; 2) to evaluate the effects of changes in the main infusion rate on substance rates infused on the same line.

METHODS
We used 10% glucose to mimic vasoactive drugs. The main infusion consisted of saline, and both were infused on the same line using syringe pumps. Glucose concentration was measured at the end of the line.

RESULTS
The time between pump start and the actual infusion of glucose depended on syringe volume and on the adjustment of the syringe in the pump. There was a transient increase in glucose rate when the main rate increased, and a transient decrease when the main rate decreased.

CONCLUSION
To minimize the time before a substance is actually infused, one should use low volume syringes and correctly adjust the syringe in the pump. Moreover, when a steady infusion rate is necessary, one should avoid variations in the main infusion rate.


The Lagoa Feia Formation, buried in excess of 3,000 m, is the exploration frontier of the prolific Campos basin. It contains the source beds of End_Page 237------------------------------ all the basin's oil in addition to having its own potential carbonate reservoirs. The faulted margins of the basin fed a system of alluvial fans, sand flats, and mud flats. Alternating dry and rainy periods regulated the size and nature of contemporaneous basinal alkaline lakes. Dry periods corresponded to contracted playa lakes with ostracod carbonates and euxinic shales; rainy periods corresponded to expanded pluvial lakes with pelecypod banks. Subaqueous intrusions of basaltic magma generated hyaloclastites with kerolitic ooids and hyalotuffs. Petrographic analysis reveals 5 diagenetic stages: (1) syndepositional alteration of lithoclasts to trioctahedral smectites; (2) early dolomitization, early silicification, and cementation by bladed-rim calcite and zeolites; (3) freshwater-vadose dissolution of bioclasts and lithoclasts, freshwater-phreatic sparite cementation, and neomorphism; (4) mixed saline-freshwater silicification; and (5) burial with compaction, late dolomitization, and partial conversion of smectites to illite. Pelecypod limestones with primary interparticle, secondary intraparticle, moldic, and moldic-enlarged porosities are the potential reservoirs. Ideal conditions for porosity generation and preservation were subaerial exposure followed by rapid lake expansion and burial. End_of_Article - Last_Page 238------------


To investigate the size distribution of atmospheric particles and the formation of secondary aerosols in North China,two-month sampling campaign was performed in the spring and summer of 2007 at the summit of Mount Tai(1534 m a.s.l.,the highest mountain in North China) using a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor(MOUDI).The results showed 60% and 25% of PM10 mass in the coarse particles(PM1.8—10) in the spring and summer respectively,indicating that coarse particles was major fraction of PM10 in the spring while fine particles(PM1.8) dominated PM10 mass concentration in the summer.Sulfate and ammonium size distribution in the spring was bimodal with peaks at 0.32—0.56 μm and 3.2—5.6 μm,while a single peak at 0.56—1 μm was observed in the summer.Nitrate showed bimodal in both seasons.The mass ratio of fine to coarse nitrate depended on both the temperature and relative humidity in the spring,while it depended mainly on the relative humidity in the summer.Aqueous phase reactions dominated the droplet sulfate formation,leading to a higher sulfate concentration in the summer than in the spring,whereas SO2 concentration followed a reverse trend.Soil source and dust mineral in the spring provided interface for the formation of coarse sulfate and ammonium.Intense solar radiation,high RH and high O3 concentration in the summer accelerated the conversion of secondary particles.


The article focuses on the use of climate data in modelling crop productivity and highlights the im-portance of continuous incoming meteorological infor-mation in predicting crop yields. The purpose of Article is to evaluate the challenges and potential of utilizing big data using climate data as an ex-ample for modelling crop productivity on contaminated sites with trace elements. The "MiscanCalc" and "Group Method of Data Han-dling" were developed to predict crop yields on soils con-taminated with toxic elements using meteorological data. These models evaluate the impact of climate data on bio-mass production, ripening and harvest periods, estimate future crop yields, and identify the predictors that have the greatest influence on these indicators.


ABSTRACT Fracture toughness of joints made from a glassy, 343,000 molecular weight polystyrene block bonded to chromic-sulfuric acid etched or phosphoric acid anodized aluminum are investigated. The fracture tests are performed with a 90-degree peel apparatus under "dry" laboratory conditions and "wet" conditions created by submerging the apparatus in a temperature controlled water bath. The bond strengths are controlled using various concentrations of styrl silane coupling agent added directly into the styrene monomer solution that polymerizes against the aluminum. Ellipsometric measurements on smooth silicon surfaces verify that the thickness of bound polymer is controlled by the silane to polystyrene mole ratio. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of fractured surfaces indicates that the fracture is near the aluminum surface. Both the wet and dry fracture energy as a function of bound polymer thickness on acid etched aluminum joints resemble quite closely the adhesion literature results obtained by fracturing pairs of fused, immiscible glassy polymers. Reasons for this similarity are discussed.


Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases. Researchers all over the world are exploring herbal supplements to control diabetes and its complications. This study evaluated the antidiabetic action of Morus alba leaves extract through its effect on hyperglycaemia, DNA damage and apoptosis of brain cells due to oxidative stress in diabetes. Moreover, evaluate the effect of diabetes on neurotransmitters levels of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Application of crude water extract of Morus alba resulted in amelioration of the alterations of serum glucose as well as neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, nor-adrenaline, serotonin, histamine, dopamine, and gamma amino butyric acid). Furthermore, Morus alba leaves leaf extract display hypoglycemic effect, diminish DNA damage and apoptosis of brain cells of diabetic rats. In conclusion ,our results suggest that The protective effect of Morus alba leaves extract could be attributed to the  hypoglycaemic, and antioxidative potential of flavonoids, the major components of the plant extract. Keywords : Morus alba ,ACE,NAD,DA,GABA


Meaningful inclusion is a particularly challenging aim in secondary schools. There are many secondary school pupils who see much of their schooling as irrelevant, and feel themselves to be inadequate at school. The concept of inclusion as used in this paper involves groups of teachers working on how their subjects and lessons are organised in relation to this issue. The project reported on, one of the TLRP Welsh extension projects, is part of a broader inclusion project, where inclusion involves: • asking questions about how schools adapt to and work effectively with the diversity of their student populations; • valuing differences rather than seeking to diminish them; • paying more attention to the understandings that young people have of school, rather than only seeking to enlist more young people in the schooling project. Teachers' active engagement is seen to be central to achieving greater inclusion; without such participation the dominance of standards-oriented approaches mitigates against the possibilities of inclusive schooling at every turn. But that engagement takes many forms, and aligns in various ways with individual teachers' particular and personal sense of priorities. How do teachers develop? The literature reveals a great diversity of approaches to professional development by teachers and schools. We are interested in processes that can bring about change in the school as a whole, centred on teacher development, involving teachers more fully than is the case in top-down initiatives. We describe in this paper the consequences of taking one element of inclusion – pupil engagement with learning – and inviting teachers to identify an issue facing them relating to this concept, and to make that the focus of their action research. The concept of engagement is chosen as one that has meaning to teachers, inviting them to consider the classroom directly, rather than leaving the classroom out of the picture (which has been the ironic consequence of many inclusion projects). Our adoption of action research is based on our understanding of the centrality of three features of change that enable shifts in teachers deeply-held assumptions about pupils, their colleagues and themselves: • Ownership teacher identification and ownership of an issue is necessary if teachers are to engage in an openended way, and to do so in the face of obvious and rational professional risks. • Collaboration between teachers is necessary if they are to tackle that issue in the context of their working life in school, making use of the resources they have available, and become more fully engaged in working on pupil engagement • Empirical attention systematic attention to consequences of actions is necessary if teachers are to refine and develop their interpretive repertoires We regard our theory of change as falsifiable and set out to put it in harm's way in the project, in order to test it. We do so in a range of schools, in two different national systems, and twice in each school – and we look to learn from and understand cases where teachers do not get engaged, just as much as where they do. Within the cases, we use a range of measures including repeated pupil questionnaires about their perspective on inclusion and participation in particular lessons, alongside observation and interviews with a range of pupils and staff. Activity theory is used as a way of making sense of the cases and themes that arise – it raises important questions about the relationship between individual and shared goals, cultures and working practices of communities (such as groups of teachers), and most importantly the significance of mediating tools in a change process. PROSIECT DYSGU CYDRADD Facilitating Teacher Engagement in More Inclusive Practice


In this paper the single item of construction project is analyzed and elaborated from three aspects: engineering quality, time limit control and cost analysis. The single item analysis has importance significance for madding economical and proper construction plan and improving construction technology, which is a critical work related to the success of project.


I wanted to respond to the comment piece by Richard Hoey, Editor of Pulse, debating the merits of NHS Direct


Flash memory devices are provided including a plurality of layers stacked vertically. Each of the plurality of layers include a plurality of memory cells. A row decoder is electrically coupled to the plurality of layers and configured to supply a wordline voltage to the plurality of layers. Memory cells provided in at least two layers of the plurality of layers belong to a same memory block and wordlines associated with the memory cells in the at least two layers of the plurality of layers are electrically coupled.


Power relations affect all aspects of our lives. MacGregor Burns states that "Power is ubiquitous; it permeates human relationships … Power shows many faces and takes many forms". The purpose of this paper was to explore women principals' experiences with power relations in the schools during times of increase in decentralization and accountability. The findings of this phenomenological study were that the six principals viewed power as an enabling, and a positive energy for change and growth in schools rather than a source of "top‐down" domination. Their descriptions of power also asserted that "power is not reducible to any one source", and that an understanding of poststructuralist and structuralist theories of power will be essential for school leaders facing the dilemmas and challenges of the twenty‐first century.


Image segmentation is an important image analysis technique, the segmentation result of which is critical to determine the performance of high-level modules in image processing system. After a brief introduction LLT image segmentation algorithm, focusing on analysis of the inadequacies of LLT algorithm, propose an improved ILLT image segmentation algorithm. Experiments show that the algorithm improves the efficiency of the image region segmentation.


Book DOI: 10.21467/abstracts.93 actions against sea mobile surface object including actions concerning tankers for transportation of liquid hydrocarbons; actions against sea stationary subsea object, including actions concerning subsea production complexes, underwater sea transfer and off-shore pipelines; actions against shore stationary object located at shoreline – shore-based terminals. At the same time, it is clear that to organize effective diversion in a surface part of sea object or the object located in offshore zone, is extremely difficult. The operation can be easily disclosed at a preparation stage. Besides, a damage from underwater diversion is order of magnitude greater than a damage from actions of diversionary group in a surface part of sea objects. A combination of secrecy of carrying out of underwater diversion with consequences (i.e. productivity) from its carrying out isn't comparable with any of other possible kinds of attack on sea objects. The complex of organizational arrangements providing set level of sea objects safety, should be developed at a stage of design assignment preparation and at preliminary design and should provide timely detection and absolute suppression of any unauthorized activity that is provided, in turn, with efficiency and resoluteness of sea objects safety system management. Generally, classification of objects of arrangement by degree of risk of illegal actions is carried out with account of [1-3]: results of classification by size of potential danger (cumulative damage from damage (destruction) of objects and their vulnerability to illegal actions; structure of classified object; probability of success of infringers at carrying out of diversions concerning object; threat level in region of object placing; preference of the given object for fulfillment diversions against it. Classifications of objects by degree of risk of illegal actions allows establishing: priority of objects protection; objects of protection which are subject to primary protection. Objects of protection of the first class on degree of external illegal actions risk need primary protection. The object class on probable consequences (risk) of terrorist actions is established by means of criteria of scale of probable consequences (risk) of terrorist actions concerning objects of protection. As a criterion parameter, standardized value of probable consequences (risk) of terrorist actions is used for which estimation the following things are necessary: the data of hierarchical classification of objects of protection; object classes on potential danger and terrorist vulnerability and model of infringer. The value of negligible level of terrorist risk is defined from a condition of sufficiency of led arrangements on protection of objects depending, in its turn, from objects classes on potential danger. As a result, purposes are differed according to their importance for infringer, depending on effect from fulfillment of illegal action reached on his assumptions.


Abstract is the short essay of the summary for paper altitude , should reflect that the role ofand all major contents of paper is in limited time for reader to know the basic content of paper, is also produce besides twice, document has offered convenience. Therefore, notice to avoid as far as possible to elaborate well-known theory in writing abstract, introduce own new view and viewpoint emphatically, what write abstract key is the meaning of understanding abstract and the purpose of definite abstract, for its form can need not rigidly adhere to.


Estuaries, being the transitional zones between freshwater and marine environments, are important for protecting and rehabilitating the aquatic environments. Sediments from freshwater and marine environments were studied in Jiulong River Estuary (JRE) in different years for rare earth elements (REEs) and some environmentally important metal and metalloid elements (MMEs). The concentration of REEs ranged from 0.11 (Tm) to 296.20 mg kg−1 (Ce), while that of MMEs ranged from 0.40 (Cd) to 86,000 mg kg−1 (Al). The temporal analysis indicated an increase of both REEs and MMEs contaminants from 2012 to 2018. Fractionation of REEs and Ce and Eu anomalies indicated natural weathering, erosion processes and changes in redox chemistry at the sampling sites. Spatial structure analysis showed relatively higher levels of both REEs and MMEs in the freshwater sediments. These variations among the sampling sites indicated different land use and anthropogenic activities. The values of enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated anthropogenic sources of accumulation, while, ecological risk assessment (Eix) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) indicated potential hazards for biota due to the accumulation of Pb, Zn and As elements.


We claim that the representative instance of [Ho1, Va3] is a correct representation of the data stored in a database even when the relations of the database are not the projections of a single universal instance. If no constraint (other than functional and join dependencies) is imposed on the data, then projections of the representative instance cannot always be computed by lossless joins. We show that if the database satisfies a modified foreign-key constraint, then projections of the representative instance can be computed by performing the union of several lossless joins. A class of relation schemes for which no constraint is necessary is characterized, and we show how to compute projections of the representative instance for databases that belong to this class.


Providing high-performance indoor coverage, especially with continuous growth in high data rate demands, is a considerable challenge. This constitutes a major problem given that statistics indicate that 80% of data is expected to be generated from within indoor environments. Therefore, in order to achieve the objectives of LTE cellular systems in terms of reliable broadband communications, careful research has been taken into providing solutions for indoor communications. One of these solutions is the distributed antenna system (DAS). In DAS, a network of antennas is used to provide coverage within a given floor of a certain building. Consequently, multiple antennas within a given floor are expected to provide a better chance for line-of-site situations, the matter which improves the overall signal quality. In this paper, downlink capacity evaluation for an indoor distributed antenna system is performed. The aim is to find the optimum number of antennas that should be deployed in a specific system to optimize the use of available resources. The main target is to find efficient approximation models and to validate their level of accuracy through comparing them to the actual simulation. Different indoor propagation models are used in this paper to verify the validity of the proposed approaches and they all take into account the environment of the studied indoor area.


Performance testing a slow sample rate, high-resolution data acquisition system (DAS) is difficult due to the large number of possible codes and the time required to fully exercise them. Techniques for dynamically testing such a system are considered with advantages and disadvantages presented. The system resolution is 15 bits, sampling frequency is 128 Hz, input range is ±5 V, and the maximum input frequency is 45 Hz. Two techniques chosen to evaluate the system are the histogram method and the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) method.


An algorithm originally developed to study the time evolution of weakly entangled one-dimensional quantum lattices has recently been adapted to simul ate c assical stochastic processes; this algorithm is used to model a finite capacity queue. Methods are devised to determine the mean number of customers and sojourn time for the queue where exce ll nt agreement is found when tested against steady state analytical results. The model is then extended to examine the steady state and transient behaviour of a series of finite queues in tandem, f or which exact analytic results are unobtainable.


The integration of neural networks into agent based models can provide a better understanding of dynamic agent responses when modelling complex systems. Additionally, due to the nature of agent based models and the networks that exist in them, individual neural networks can be trained in a supervised learning environment and assigned to individual agents. The advantage of using this approach is that individual agents become more unique (Samuelson and Macal, 2006), and make decisions based on what the neural network has learned during the training phase. Also, in this work the neural networks are trained based on data collected from human-based simulations, due to this, individual strategies learned by the neural network can be translated to individual agents. Integrating neural networks into agent based models can provide more realistic simulations.


3. Analysis of the sea-ice velocity tendencies predicted by the sea-ice dynamics scheme: Such an analysis has never been done before for Snowball Earth initiation. The analysis allows us to show that the equatorward sea-ice motion in low latitudes is mainly driven by the equatorward surface winds that are associated with the Hadley circulation. The destabilization of tropical sea-ice margins by sea-ice dynamics hence is fundamentally linked to the Hadley circulation.


Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosome anomaly among live born infants
and is associated with intellectual disability and typical clinical features. Furthermore, DS
is associated with other morbidities, like cardiac and gastrointestinal defects and thyroid
disorders. DS is caused by the presence of a complete extra chromosome 21 (trisomy 21),
partial trisomy, translocation or mosaicism of chromosome 21. In recent decades, the life
expectancy of children with DS has improved greatly in particular due to early surgical
treatment of congenital heart diseases and anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract.

Over the past years, various prenatal aneuploidy screening methods have been developed. These screening methods are aimed at enabling pregnant women to obtain information about the health of their unborn child in order to prepare for the birth of a child with a disorder or to terminate the pregnancy in the case of an abnormal test-result. The non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) is the latest development and is used to examine the pregnant woman's blood for aneuploidies, including DS, in the foetus. The blood of a pregnant woman contains a small amount of hereditary material (DNA) from the placenta. This DNA is almost always the same as the DNA of the child. The NIPT is more accurate than previous prenatal tests, like the first-trimester combined test (FCT), to detect DS. In case of an abnormal result of the NIPT, invasive diagnostic tests with amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling are necessary to confirm the result. Both invasive tests have a very small miscarriage risk.

Before 2007, there was no formal prenatal aneuploidy screening programme in the
Netherlands, although pilot studies were performed and some tests were locally available. A national programme started in 2007 consisting of all pregnant women receiving information about FCT in the first trimester and offering a structural anomaly scan in the second trimester. A risk higher than 1:200 with FCT or abnormal ultrasound findings later in pregnancy was an indication for invasive follow-up testing. Costs were initially fully reimbursed through healthcare insurance for women ≥ 36 years, but from 2015 all women had to pay an additional fee (€165 in 2015, €177 in 2019). In 2014, NIPT was introduced in the Netherlands as a second-tier test (TRIDENT-1 study), offered only to women with an increased risk for trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome), 18 (Edwards syndrome) and 21 (Down syndrome), based on either the results of the FCT or their medical history. On a trial basis, NIPT became available to all pregnant women as an initial (first‐tier) test in April 2017 (TRIDENT-2 study). For NIPT, a fee comparable with that for the FCT is charged (€175 in 2019).

While new developments changed the landscape in foetal aneuploidy screening worldwide,
the impact on pregnancy, birth and the first days after birth of a child with DS is unknown.
Therefore the general aim of this thesis is to analyse and evaluate the impact of prenatal
aneuploidy screening on the epidemiology of DS in the Netherlands, from the neonatal
perspective.

The first part of this thesis (Chapters 2, 3 and 4) focuses on the impact of prenatal aneuploidy screening on livebirth prevalence of DS.
Part 2 of this thesis (Chapters 5, 6 and 7) describes the impact of prenatal aneuploidy
screening on neonatal characteristics in DS.


The optically thickest volcanic ash plume ever measured over Germany was monitored with multiwavelength Raman lidars and Sun photometer at Leipzig and Munich. When this ash layer, originating from the Eyjafjoll eruptions in southern Iceland, crossed Leipzig between 2.5 and 6 km height on 16 April 2010, the total 500 nm aerosol optical depth reached 1.0, and the ash–related optical depth was about 0.7. Volume light–extinction coefficients (40–75–minute mean values) measured over Leipzig and Munich at 355 and 532 nm reached values of 400–600 Mm−1 and ash mass concentrations were on the order of 1000 ± 350 μg/m3 in the center of the main ash layer. Extinction–to–backscatter ratios ranged from 55 ± 5 sr (Munich) to 60 ± 5 sr (Leipzig) in the main ash layer, and the particle linear depolarization ratio was close to 0.35 at both wavelengths. Rather low photometer–derived Ångström exponents (500–1640 nm wavelength range) indicated the presence of a significant amount of large ash particles with diameters >20 μm.


. Let C be an algebraically closed field with trivial derivation and let F denote the differential rational field C(cid:1) Y ij (cid:2) , with Y ij , 1 ≤ i ≤ n − 1, 1 ≤ j ≤ n , i ≤ j , differentially independent indeterminates over C . We show that there is a Picard-Vessiot extension E ⊃ F for a matrix equation X (cid:1) = X A ( Y ij ), with differential Galois group SO n , with the property that if F is any differential field with field of constants C , then there is a Picard-Vessiot extension E ⊃ F with differential Galois group H ≤ SO n if and only if there are f ij ∈ F with A ( f ij ) well defined and the equation X (cid:1) = X A ( f ij ) giving rise to the extension E ⊃ F .


The air defense tracking,locking and damaging target is stimulated based on Monte-Carlo. And the air defense combat efficiency is evaluated. At first,the combat matters should be divided into a series of basic activities and events. Then,the random sample method is used to simulate every basic activity and event. After that,the combat process simulation is realized by combination of activity and event according to their logistic relation.


THE CHIEF CREDIT OFFICER (CCO) of a super-regional bank knew he had a problem in his automatic credit-scoring processes for small business lines of credit. As a seasoned veteran of traditional underwriting, he never thought mechanization could fully replace human interaction and intuition in evaluating businesses. But, a group of Young Turks from the bank's marketing department somehow persuaded senior management to launch a campaign designed to originate small business lines just like consumer credit cards--with pre-approved credit applications sent via bulk mail. Their campaign was deemed a success when originations topped $1 billion, but as defaults began to reach 10 percent, it appeared that the CCO's worst fears were soon to be validated. As expected, the original architects of the strategy were nowhere to be found, and the CCO was left holding a $1 billion bowl of lemons. The CCO immediately initiated standard loss mitigation protocols: He ordered that new originations cease; that liberal reserves be taken; and that the portfolio be recharacterized as "loans held for sale." However, these actions barely stemmed the tide as the bad news kept coming. Defaults and losses continued to rise and the outstanding balance climbed as bad borrowers continued to draw on their open lines. The CCO needed a more meaningful solution--he needed someone to buy the entire portfolio, quickly. There was no chance he was going to call any of his competitors to discuss this situation, and he did not want to call Wall Street investors and risk inadvertently spooking the analysts covering his bank's stuck. He decided instead to invite Cargill Value Investment (CVI) for a discrete initial meeting. The CCO knew that Cargill Value Investment was among the world's leading principal investors in credit-intensive assets. He also knew that as a wholly owned subsidiary of Cargill, Incorporated (the largest privately held company in the world), CVI not only had the wherewithal to complete the transaction, but also could do so quietly. In their initial meeting, CVI agreed to conduct two weeks of preliminary analysis and due diligence (at its own expense) in order to determine the feasibility of a transaction and to give the CCO an indication of where the pricing would ultimately fall out. If the preliminary results were mutually agreeable, the bank and CVI would later agree to embark upon full-fledged due diligence and binding negotiation. CVI intensively committed resources to an 11-step indicative bid methodology (see sidebar discussion). Through this process, CVI noted that the portfolio of nearly 25,000 accounts was actually composed of six discrete populations, with very different servicing needs and performance attributes. Only 50 percent of the portfolio was deemed to be "ordinary accounts" in full compliance with the original program terms and conditions. The other half of the portfolio was comprised of accounts that were either management intensive or credit intensive, or both. The result of this preliminary due diligence was an indicative bid for the aggregate portfolio that would be unappetizing to the bank. Rather than face a "shoot the messenger" risk by delivering a cents-on-the-dollar valuation that, in a vacuum, would likely be misinterpreted as "low-bailing" the bid, CVI chose to present to the bank a full diagnostic report on the portfolio. In this report, CVI specified nut only the six discrete subgroups that had been noted, but also eight operational "red flags" that it uncovered and its recommended corrective servicing actions. The diagnostic information from CVI proved more valuable than any of the numbers received by the bank in previous bid situations. Instead of liquidating the entire portfolio at a non-performing price, the bank followed CVI's recommendation to scrub its operations and thereby groomed a large portion of the portfolio for highly efficient securitization. …


Objective To probe into the clinical effects of calcium hydroxide and indoform paste on apexification of the young permanent teeth.Methods Cases of children dental trauma treated in our department from 2003 to 2008 were collected,and there were 87 young permanent teeth in all.These cases were divided into two groups randomly,there were 45 cases in the test group,which were treated with calcium hydroxide and indoform paste,42 cases in the control group,which were treated with CH.All cases were followed every 3 months for two years.Results The effective rate was 91.12% in the test group;in the control group it was 71.43%.The difference of effects was significant statistically(P0.05).Conclusion The effects of calcium hydroxide and indoform paste on AP of the young permanent teeth is better than the control group only with CH.


Objective:To observe the clinical effect of pixel laser in burn scar treatment after autologous skin transplantation.Methods: 96 patients with postoperative scar after the treatment of autologous skin grafting were divided into treatment group and control group.Treatment group(50 cases) was treated by pixel laser with 1-1.5 months intervals(3~6 times),and the patients in control group(46 cases) were not given any scar treatment.Results:After the treatment of 6 months,the VSS scores in treatment group were less than those in control group(P0.05,P0.01),and life quality in all dimensions,total score of life quality and VSS score were positively associated with the treatment frequencies.With the treatment times increasing,the life quality score and VSS score of patients were increased.Conclusion:Pixel laser in treatment of burn scar of patients after autologous skin grafting was safe and reliable.


The surest path toward improving and maintaining the health status of Americans is to empower community members to make their own decisions regarding quality of life and the factors that affect it.


I: General Considerations.- Description of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Historical Perspective.- Etiologic and Pathogenetic Aspects of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Critical Approach.- II: Animal Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Genetic, Viral and Immunologic Aspects.- Genetic Aspects of Murine Lupus.- Autoimmune Disease in New Zealand Mice.- The NZB x SWR Model: Insights into Viral, Immunologic, and Genetic Factors.- Relevance of the Murine Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus to Human Disease.- III: Immunologic and Genetic Aspects of Human SLE.- The Importance of the Study of Monoclonal Antibodies.- ANA Subsets in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.- Complement and Complement Deficiencies.- The Role of Lymphokines in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.- IV: Clinical Aspects of Human SLE.- Clinical and Serologic Features: Incidence and Diagnostic Approach.- Immunologic Similarities and Differences Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjogren's Syndrome.- Pathology.- Cutaneous Manifestations.- Neurological Manifestations.- Radiographic Features.- The Lupus Subset Idea.- V: Therapeutic Aspects of SLE.- An Experimental Therapeutic Approach: Clinical and Immunological Aspects of Plasmapheresis.- Future Immunotherapeutic Possibilities in Autoimmunity.


Context. The article describes тhe actual problem of raising the informativeness of diagnostic signs (symptoms) ensuring the introduction of computer technologies, for example, in medical practice, for the rapid formulation of a reliable diagnosis has been solved. Objective. The goal of the work is to develop a methodology for quantitative assessment of the dynamics of symptoms and the unification of the form of their presentation for the formalization on this basis of the process of diagnosis and prediction of the moment of exacerbation of the disease. Method. Modern methods of diagnosis based on a comparison of the current values of symptoms with their normative maximum permissible values. However, the norms are based on average statistical data, which can only relate to a specific patient with a certain degree of probability. This is the cause of errors in predicting for this individual the moment of exacerbation of his disease. In this regard, using the example of cardio disease to solve this problem, it was proposed for the first time to supplement the traditional method of diagnosis with the calculation of secondary informative signs (indicators). At the same time, the process of making a diagnosis in accordance with the rules of discriminant analysis consists in comparing indicators with a limited number of clusters describing consistently worsening disease pathology. Thus, it is possible to replace many combinations of the values analyzed at the diagnosis of symptoms with a finite series of clusters, which significantly increases the speed of diagnosis and is a necessary condition for the computerization of the diagnosis process itself. Results. The reviewed methodology was successfully tested to control the severity of three patients with coronary heart disease, allowing retrospectively predicting the actual calendar date of exacerbation of the disease, which in practice allows you to plan the optimal strategy for timely treatment of the disease. Conclusions. A methodology has been developed to increase the informativeness of the symptoms of the disease, formalizing the process of diagnosis and thereby ensuring the introduction of computer technology into medical practice in order to promptly determine for each patient the time of exacerbation of his disease and to establish a reliable diagnosis on this basis


9544 Background: Patients with BRAF wildtype (wt) metastatic melanoma with primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have a dismal prognosis. Chemotherapy has been shown to induce mutations, alter the tumor microenvironment as well as the microbiome, and modulate the immune system. This prospective phase II trial investigates whether two applications of an alkylating agent (dacarbazine/DTIC) can render ICI non-responsive patients with metastatic melanoma responsive to the same checkpoint inhibitor regime. Methods: The PROMIT trial (NCT04225390) targets patients with histologically confirmed BRAFwt metastatic melanoma showing primary resistance to ICI therapy. Applying an optimal two-step design, the uninteresting responder rate was set to 5% with an expected rate of 20%. Response is defined as complete or partial response by week 14 according to RECIST 1.1. Design foresaw 29 assessable patients at first step and 38 patients overall (alpha one-sided 5%, 90% power).After showing primary resistance to ICI, patients received 2 doses of DTIC (850 mg/m2 i.v.) on days 1 and 21, and were subsequently re-exposed to the same ICI therapy they had previously shown resistance to. Results: In total, 38 patients were screened at 4 skin cancer centers. Interim analysis was performed after 29 patients who had received at least one ICI re-exposure were assessable for efficacy. Overall response rate was 24% (90%CI 12-41%) with 7 out of 29 patients showing a partial response; disease control rate was 38%. Application was well tolerated with 16% grade 3 or more adverse events and no new safety signals. Conclusions: Interim analyses results indicate that this approach of a short-term chemotherapy can break resistance in a subgroup of patients and allows us to continue the phase II trial to assess relevance of this treatment approach for metastatic melanoma. Enrolment is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT04225390 .


Background: Having a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia represents challenges to the family which may impact their quality of life. In such circumstances, parents use various coping strategies to face this stressful situation, and understanding the relation of coping strategies on quality of life among parents of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia may provide professionals with ideas about how to support them which in turn may improve their quality of life. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between coping strategies and the health related quality of life of parents whose children are suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Study design: A cross-sectional design using guided self-administered questionnaire by a single researcher was used. Methods: A universal sample consisted of 299 parents of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was recruited from Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Kuala Lumpur Institute Pediatrics. The response rate was 98%. The data collection tools were WHOQOL BREF which is the World Health Organization Quality of Life shorter version and Brief COPE questionnaires. Results: The results revealed that half of the parents perceived their health related quality of life as good. The highest scores for parents were reported on the social relationship domain meanwhile the lowest were reported on the environmental health domain. In regard to the coping strategies, it was found that religion was most frequently used while humor was the least to be used. Moreover, there was a significant positive relationship between quality of life of the parents and problem-focused coping style and a significant negative relationship with emotion-focused coping style. Conclusion: On the basis of the finding of present study, an appropriate intervention could be design to include program that promote the use of problem-focused copings such as active coping and planning and discourage the use of emotion-focused copings such as self-blaming to enhance parents' health related quality of life.


Communication problems between school administrators and teachers prevent the realization of the objectives of the school and affect the organizational functioning negatively and cause many problems to arise. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of communication skills of primary school administrators and teachers, and the communication status of the administrators and teachers working in primary schools and the problems they encounter during the communication process. The person who starts the communication process in schools and institutions and determines how communication will be is the school administrator. Communication skills, which are among the personal characteristics of school administrators, determine the communication processes of the school and affect the behavior of the employees at school. The study group consisted of 6 school administrators and 14 teachers working in primary schools in Selcuklu district of Konya. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview form. Four questions were asked to the administrators and three questions to the teachers. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Each research question was regarded as a theme. The communication status of the school administrators and teachers participating in the research and the communication problems they experienced, what the solution methods were, were asked. One-to-one interviews with each participant lasted about an hour and a half.


Objective: To investigate the stability of Ginkgo biloba leaf tablet(Yinxingtianbao).Methods: The total flavonol in samples were determinated by RPHPLC(Shim-Pack CLC-ODS column,5 μm,150 mm×6.0 mm) the mobile phase was 0.4% phosphoric acid :methanol(1∶1),after the samples were pre-treated by stress testing,acceleration testing and long-term room temperature testing.In the same time,description and identification of them were done and the disintegrating time was observed.Results: Items of the sample were stable after ten days of strong light test(4 000 lx),ten days of high temperature test(40 ℃,60 ℃),ten days of high wet test[25 ℃ RH(75±5)%,RH(90±5)%],six months of accelerated test[(40±2)℃,RH(75±5)%],and one year of long-term room temperature test.Conclusions: The samples are stable against strong light and high temperature,and meet the requirement of the quality standard.Since it is easily to get moisture,it is important to keep it dry.


This paper shows the importance of applying a certain approach to the history and philosophy of mathematical practice to the study of Zygmunt Janiszewski's contribution to the topological foundations of Continuum theory. In the first part, a biography of Janiszewski is presented. It emphasizes his role as one of the founders of the Polish School of Mathematics, and the social, political and military facets in which his intellectual character was revealed, as well as the values that guided his academic and scientific life. Kitcher's view of mathematical practice is then adopted to examine the philosophical conceptions and epistemological style of Janiszewski in relation to the construction of the formal axiomatic system of knowledge about the continua. Finally, it is shown the convenience of differentiating in Kitcher's approach, the methods, procedures, techniques and strategies of practice, and the aesthetic values of mathematics.
Keywords: Zygmunt Janiszewski; Continuum theory; Philosophy of mathematical practice; Polish school of mathematics.


This study is based on a phenomenon in the local community in the context of global Lampung who want to be recognized, out of stereotypes and to align themselves in a fight identity in the internal and external structure. Under these conditions, the study aims to explain the quest for identity is wrapped beadok customary ritual. Data compiled from the in-depth interviews and observations of a number of informants in order to obtain a comprehensive picture about the ritual named beadok by local ethnic experience.The results showed, in the context of multiculturalism ADOK the identity is at stake, in which identity becomes inevitable compromises. ADOK is an important element in social and cultural life of local ethnic Lampung as synonymous with increased status in the culture of its people. Ritual ADOK also raises dualism, which is a symbol of the greatness of customs in the internal structure, on the other hand into a cultural commodity. ADOK also be a bidder in the relationship between local ethnic with ethnic immigrants although behind the glitter of ritual ADOK there are economic consequences and conflict. In the culture of local ethnic Lampung, ADOK had to be achieved for an identity, group identity and ethnic identity. In the realm of internal ADOK is the attainment of status in the internal structure, but a weapon in the realm of external heterogeneous. ADOK become a tool of legitimacy identity in private and public spaces. Keywords : ADOK, Lampung culture, identity, reconstruction


As worldwide educational reforms link educational outcomes with teacher performance, teachers are increasingly pressured to adopt several roles that reflect these new demands. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate student teachers' perceptions of their roles and whether these beliefs underwent certain changes during the practicum experience. It also explored the factors within the socio-cultural context that may have influenced the development of their beliefs. A qualitative research methodology was employed, which involved the collection of empirical data from multiple sources including pre- and post- interviews, weekly journals, and mid- and post-reflective essays. The results revealed the intricate nature of student teachers' beliefs about their roles and the processes of belief change. Despite the apparent flexibility of these beliefs, the results revealed the divergence between the student teachers' anticipated roles and their actual roles. To facilitate student teachers' belief change towards the goals of the teacher preparation program as well as those they had initially anticipated for themselves, several recommendations include the necessity of establishing closer partnerships between universities and schools, the exposure to multiple social learning activities, a careful consideration for student teachers' procedural concerns, and the attention to the subtle power relationships that play out during the practicum experience. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.9.4


Currently, the exposure to chemical toxicants is increasing and causing many complex health problems. Generally, herbal medicine is considered as an integral part of dietary supplement. Herbal medicines encompass the combination of practices of indigenous systems of medicine and several therapeutic experiences of many previous generations. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of almond oil on lipid profile in Wistar male rats exposed to thioacetamide (TAA). Experimental rats were distributed into four groups. Rats of the first group were served as normal controls. Rats of the second group were exposed to TAA (300 mg/kg body weight). Rats of the third group were exposed to almond oil (800 mg/ kg body weight) and TAA. Rats of the fourth group were supplemented with almond oil. At the end of experimental period (six weeks), blood serum samples were analyzed to evaluate the levels of lipid profile in all groups. The levels of serum triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), atherogenic index (AI) and cardiac risk ratio (CRR) were significantly increased, while the level of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was statistically declined in rats of the second group which exposed to TAA. Treatment with almond oil improved the observed alterations of lipid profile induced by exposure to TAA in rats of the third group. These new data indicate that almond oil has potential therapeutics properties against TAA toxicity.


Skin biopsies from 25 diabetics and an equal number of nondiabetic controls were stained with H and E, PAS, alcian blue and iron hemotoxyline. Thirteen (52 percent) diabetics showed evidence of microangiopathy as compared to 1 (4 percent control). PAS positive thickening of capillary basement membrane and endothelial proliferation each were seen in 44 percent of cases. There was evidence of microangiopathy in 88.8 percent of cases with biopsy from dermopathy lesions as compared to 31.2 percent of other diabetics. Iron deposits were seen in 33.3 percent of cases with dermopathy lesions. No correlations could be established between age and sex of patient, family history, type, severity and duration of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy, skin infection and cutaneous microangiopathy. Higher percentage (69.3 percent) of patients with microangiopathy had poor control of their diabetes as compared to those without it (41.7 percent). All the 3 patients with CVA and hypertension showed microangiopathy.


In this paper we test for the existence of equity market contagion originating from OECD monthly Stock Market Indices: United States, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United of Kingdom, Australia, Japan and New-Zealand. The data are collected over the period from January 1991 to May 2015. We apply an International Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM) with currency risk. Our study offers the possibility to disentangle simple correlation due to fundamentals and contagion, which we define as the excess correlation that is not explained by fundamental factors. Our results show provides strong evidence of contagion effects originating in US equity markets to the OECD equity markets.


The invention discloses an anti-swing deviation correcting device. The device comprises a deviation correcting mechanism and a power transmission mechanism, wherein a through hole is formed in the center of the deviation correcting mechanism, and the power transmission mechanism is arranged and fixed to the inner side of the deviation correcting mechanism; the deviation correcting mechanism comprises an upper swing connector, a cross-shaped hollow connector and a lower swing connector which are connected from top to bottom in sequence; the power transmission mechanism comprises a conductive plug, a conductive cable and a conductive socket which are connected from top to bottom in sequence. Through a certain degree of forward, backward, leftward and rightward swing of the upper swing connector and the lower swing connector with a hang lug on the cross-shaped hollow connector as the axis, anti-swing deviation correcting of a connecting tubular column connected to the lower side of the anti-swing deviation correcting device is achieved; meanwhile, the specially designed power transmission mechanism is connected and fixed to an upper connector and a lower connector, power transmission connection is achieved through the conductive plug and the conductive socket, accidents such as damage to a heating device below caused by impact between a rotating tubular column of a conducting rod and a tube wall are effectively avoided, and power transmission stability is guaranteed.


Starting with the nonlinear boundary layer equations for a viscous incompressible fluid, a perturbation calculation is carried through with the intention of investigating terms of third and fourth order. The investigation is motivated by the belief that these higher order terms might give a clue to the behavior of acoustic streaming flows as the amplitude of the exciting oscillations is increased. The calculations are rather laborious and involve several simple extensions of the perturbation technique. The resulting expression for the stationary flow is applied to several examples including the flow near a cylinder and is seen to indicate a reversal in the direction of circulating flow when the intensity reaches a certain level, in agreement with experimental observations.


During the present study the relationship between taxonomic and biological trait approaches in relation to the abiotic environment were studied from the nematode samples collected from 64 subtidal stations during the four seasons in the Nizampatnam Bay, East coast of India. 19 categories of five biological traits known to represent an important ecological function were employed. These were related to buccal morphology, tail shape, body size, body shape and life history strategy. Data on trait membership was provided by biological information on species and genera. A total of 34 different trait combinations were recorded. In the present study, the most common morphotypes were non-selective deposit feeding nematodes, with colonizing abilities of 2-4 (in a scale of 15). Their abundance was correlated with depth. Inspite of a high turnover of species, functional diversity of assemblages did not change notably in space and time. A comparison of spatial and temporal patterns of nematode functional diversity between Nizampatnam Bay and other semi enclosed Bays in temperate and tropical regions suggests that two features are common: (1) in detecting spatial patterns, taxonomic approach is more powerful tool than biological trait approach; (2) biological trait approach offers more reliable correlative links with environmental factors than taxonomic one.


Heat wave like conditions prevailed during summer 2015 and 2016 across Palghat and Thrissur Districts of Kerala. Day-maxima even shot more than 40 C on several days with dry sub-humid conditions during summer months. Poultry farming was very sensitive to such weather aberrations. Keeping in mind the sensitivity of poultry to such weather aberrations, an investigation into the profile as well as the possible climate change mitigation strategies preferred by poultry farmers was conducted among an accidental sample of poultry farmers of Palakkad District. A descriptive research design with a semistructured questionnaire was used for data collection. Preventive vaccinations against New Castle disease and Infectious Bursal disease were adopted by most of the farmers. Rises in ambient temperature were reportedly associated with increased mortality among birds. Very few farmers were advised on remedial measures to counter climate change issues through trainings and other appropriate methods. Important management interventions suggested by farmers to reduce heat stress were measures to improve the air circulation inside the sheds during summer by using fans, thatching of roofs for reducing in house temperatures, reducing the flock density to help free movement.


A number of designers of different nationality and design backgrounds were interviewed about their experiences working in teams made up mostly of designers of either a Sino or occidental background. The aim was to identify key issues that are at play with the management of multinational design teams and how they can best be managed for greater success. Key findings included evidence that background (cultural, national and economic) can affect how a designer approached problems and works. This is especially so with regards to framing and goal analysis. This in turn can affect how successful a designer can be when they are working in a team with designers from another background, who operate differently. Designers with a low level attitude toward design and a lower level of emotional intelligence tend to be less able to work in such teams. However, the chance of success can be increased with the introduction of information technology tools to increase shared cognition and situational awareness. Further, through the use of constraints on design practice via standardisation, differences can cause fewer real issues. Finally, while it was found that background did affect design skill and practice, the evidence also suggests that this is not permanent.


Abstract A study is made of the conditions under which micrometeorites can enter the Earth's atmosphere without being melted or without having their nuclear tracks annealed. The two mechanisms studied are: (1) aerocapture followed by entry from a bound orbit; and (2) direct entry at large zenith angles. Mechanism (2) is generally more efficient if the maximum temperature is limited to 1600 K; some grains as large as 400 μm across can survive unmelted. Both mechanisms are competitive for maximum temperatures of 800 K. The estimated probabilities of entry (compared with the total flux to the Earth) are a few times 10 −3 for unannealed particles and several percent for unmelted ones.


Following the ocean crash of Swissair Flight 111 near Halifax, Nova Scotia, last month, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is recommending that airlines install more flame-resistant insulation in their aircraft. Although the exact cause of the crash is still unknown, smoke has been implicated as a contributing factor and insulation as a possible culprit. For several years, there has been concern that some of the polymer films used in aircraft insulation might be more flammable than thought. Scientists are now stepping up their scrutiny of the chemical and thermal properties of a number of potential replacement materials. Following this more extensive testing, FAA most likely will make its recommendation a requirement, which some observers estimate could cost more than $1 billion to implement. The basic structure of airplane insulation, which is used to damp noise and protect the passenger cabin from heat and cold, is a swath of lightweight fiberglass encased in ...


Hydrogen peroxide oxidation cyclohexanone to adipic acid catalyzed by heteropoly acids under microwave irradiation was studied.The influences kinds of catalysts,amount of catalyst,kinds of reactants,microwave irradiation power and time on yield of product were investigated.Under the optimum reaction conditions(Na_4WO_(12) 0.5g,cyclohexanone 3.5mL, 30%H_2O_2 15ml,sulfosalicylic acid 0.5g,microwave power 400W,irradiation time 3min),the yield of adipic acid was 70.7%.The products were characterized by IR.


Th is study was an action research which investigated on improving assessment m practical Agricultural instruction to enhance skill s acquisition in the Diploma in Jnstructor and Techn ical Teacher Education (DJTTE) programme at National Instructors' Co ll ege, Ab iloni no (N ICA). The specific objectives of the study were: To identify the challenges in assessment or practical Agriculture in DITTE; To identify the possible strategies to address the challenges in assessment of practical Agriculture in DITTE; To implement the possible strategies addressing the challenges of assessment in practica l Agricultu re: and to evaluate the efficacy of the implemented possible strategies. The study ' as carried out in the year 2015/1 6 in the department of Agricu lture. Seven (07) students. th ree Lecturers and two Admin istrators participated. The study was a qualitati ve participatory action research using the future workshoiJ and descripti ve design. The researcher used observation. focus group di scussion, brainstorming, cameras, Visual in Parti cipation (VIP) cards and a logbook to co llect the data. The data revea led that: the most serious challenge encountered du ring assessment of practical Agriculture was lack or trn ining or professional development on ho'' to usc assessmen t rubrics successfull y: the s t rategic~ to so lve the challenge were. internal training on how to use assessment rubric and practi cing the use of an assessment ru bric learnt from the short internal training which were im plemented and evaluated. During the internal training on hov. to use an assessment rubric, a nursery bed assessment rubric was generated whereby each of the seven (07) students prepared two nursery beds, one with the use of an assessment rubric and the other without the rubric and the scores of performance were evaluated. The results showed that the assessment rubric made a va lua01e contri bution to improving assessment in practi cal 1\gri cultural instruction and enhanci ng skills acqu isition to the students. This made participants to urge the department to continuously use assessment rubrics while conducting practical Agricu lture.


Two mechanical models have so far been proposed to explain the formation of thin-skinned thrusting as related to magmatic intrusion: (i) gravity gliding away from a topographic dome resulting from the ascending magma and (ii) push from the rear due to lateral expansion (ballooning) of magmas. We conducted experiments to test the mechanical consistency of these two models and the kinematics of thrust development. Our experiments show that both processes act simultaneously during magma intrusion to produce thrust faults in the brittle part of the sedimentary cover


A novel [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of azaoxyallyl cations and aromatic ethylenes has been developed to afford multi-substituted pyrrolidinones in moderate to good yields. This method not only further expands the synthetic utility of α-halo hydroxamates, but also provides an alternative method for the synthesis of bioactive molecules containing pyrrolidinones.


Until recently there has been no generally accepted non-invasive method for
determining energy expenditure during high intensity exercise. However, Medbo
et al. (1988) have suggested that an individual's total energy (ATP) production from
anaerobic metabolism may be determined by measuring the Accumulated Oxygen
Deficit (AOD; ml O2 equivalents.kg-1 ). In recent studies it has been reported that
there are strong correlations between AOD and anaerobic energy supply
determined from changes in muscle metabolites during small muscle group
(Bangsbo et al., 1990) and whole body cycle ergometer exercise (Medbo and Tabata,
1993; Withers et al., 1991). The purpose of the present thesis was: (i) to extend the
limited information on AOD during running exercise for subjects with differing
training backgrounds and particularly for women for whom no data are available;
(ii) to investigate the relationship between AOD and human performance; and (iii)
as determination of AOD is a time-consuming and costly laboratory procedure to
develop a simple field test which accurately reflects AOD and thus anaerobic energy
supply. [Continues.]


In recent years, through the implementation of a series of policies, such as the delimitation of major grain producing areas and the construction of advantageous and characteristic agricultural product areas, the spatial distribution of agriculture in China has changed significantly; however, research on the impact of such changes on the efficiency of agricultural technology is still lacking. Taking 11 cities in Hebei Province as the research object, this study examines the spatial dependence of regional agricultural technical efficiency using the stochastic frontier analysis and spatial econometric analysis. The results show that the improvement in agricultural technical efficiency is evident in all cities in Hebei Province from 2008 to 2017, but there is scope for further improvement. Industrial agglomeration has statistical significance in improving the efficiency of agricultural technology. Further, there is an obvious spatial correlation and difference in agricultural technical efficiency. Optimizing the spatial distribution of agricultural production, promoting the innovation, development, and application of agricultural technology, and promoting the expansion of regional elements can contribute to improving agricultural technical efficiency.


What are human rights? The sociological perspective. Awareness of human rights. Emphasizing human rights. Create a cultural change, awareness. Rights conditions, rights claims, and rights effect.


Both Bakhtin and Derrida make central to their accounts of language, although in different ways, the paradoxical fact that the language we use is simultaneously both 'mine' and 'not mine'. In Bakhtin's account this relationship constitutes an ambivalence, since we are engaged in a struggle to make our own a language which is always someone else's. While Bakhtin acknowledges an intractable otherness in language which is never fully overcome, there is nevertheless an emphasis on the transition of language from being another's to becoming one's own. In contrast, for Derrida the relationship is a strictly paradoxical one. Language which is 'mine' can be so only because it is iterable and as such "can be repeated in the absence of … a determinate signified or of the intention of actual signification" (Derrida, 1988 p. 10). It can be mine only because fundamentally it can never be possessed by me: "what is most proper to a language cannot be appropriated" (Derrida, 2005a, p. 101). In this respect Derrida appears to diverge radically from Bakhtin. In this paper I will briefly outline not only divergences between Bakhtin's and Derrida's accounts of how language is 'mine/not mine', but also convergences. I then argue that the iterability of language permits the materiality of text to provide a basis for student identification with discourse and that this can account for patchwritten words being experienced by a student as her own.


Globalization and the expansion of transport networks has transformed migration into a major policy issue because of its effects on a range of phenomena, including resource flows in economics, urbanization, as well as the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Quantifying and modeling human migration can contribute towards a better under- standing of the nature of migration and help develop evidence-based interventions for disease control policy, economic development, and resource allocation. In this study we paired census microdata from 10 countries in sub-Saharan Africa with additional spatial datasets to develop models for the internal migration flows in each country, including key drivers that reflect the changing social, demographic, economic, and environmental landscapes. We assessed how well these gravity-type spatial interaction models can both explain and predict migration. Results show that the models can explain up to 87 percent of internal migration, can predict future within-country mi- gration with correlations of up to 0.91, and can also predict migration in other coun- tries with correlations of up to 0.72. Findings show that such models are useful tools for understanding migration as well as predicting flows in regions where data are sparse, and can contribute towards strategic economic development, planning, and disease control targeting.


Authors Aaliya Wani*, Danish Zahoor, Suhail Manzoor Shah, Yasir Wani, Ishfaq Ahmad Dar Showkat Ali Laloo, Saleem -ur -Rehman RNTCP center, Sher-iKashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Corresponding Author Dr Aaliya Wani Medical Officer, RNTCP, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar -190011, J & K, India Email: email@example.com, Telephone no: 91-9419553888 Abstract Tuberculosis in childhood is a marker for transmission of disease in the community. Data regarding the treatment outcome of childhood tuberculosis is limited. We retrospectively analyzed the disease course and treatment outcome of patients registered under RNTCP in a tertiary care hospital. Children under the age of 15 years registered for treatment were included in the study. Besides analyzing the demographic data, clinical profile, categorization of patients in to new cases and previously treated cases, and treatment outcome were determined. Of the 121 cases, 51 were extra pulmonary, 32 were smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis while 15 were smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Childhood TB accounts for 12.06% of the total TB cases. Median age was 13 years. 87 (88.76%) completed treatment, 4 (4.08%) defaulted, 3 died while 2 did not turn up for treatment after diagnosis of tuberculosis in them. As the nature of childhood tuberculosis is paucibacillary, diagnosis is challenging especially with high proportion of extrapulmonary cases.


Ferroelectric complex perovskites, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT), and lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) have been widely used in ferroelectric devices. However, these traditional ferroelectric materials have a limitation in thickness scaling and are incompatible with CMOS processes. In the last few years, doped metal oxides, including hafnium oxide (Hf02) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2), were found to have ferroelectric phase [1]–[2]. Ferroelectric HfO2 has the advantages of a high coercive field, excellent scalability (down to 2.5nm), and good compatibility with CMOS processing [3]–[7]. In this paper, we systematically investigate Al-doped HfO2 with various electrodes, Al compositions and annealing temperatures. We found that Ti/Pd is a promising candidate as top electrode material for ferroelectric HfO2.


Multilingualizing systems handling content is an important but difficult problem. As a manifestation of this difficulty, very few multilingual services are available today. The process of multilingualization depends on the translational situation: types and level of possible accesses, available resources, and linguistic competences of participants involved in the multilingualization of an application. Several strategies of multilingualization are then possible (by translation, by internal or external localization etc.). We present a real case of linguistic porting (from Arabic to French) of an e-commerce application deployed in Jordan, using spontaneous SMS in Arabic for buying and selling second-hand cars. Despite the distance between Arabic and French, the localization methods used give good results because of the proximity of the two sublanguages of Arabic and French in this restricted domain.


Yutaka Abstract A Steam Injector (SI) has capability to be applied to heat pump systems and to have downsized them. A SI works as passive jet pump and heat exchanger without external power sources. It has high heat-transfer performance due to direct contact condensation between steam flow and subcooled water jet. The objective of the present study is to clarify thermal hydraulics characteristics and operating criteria for an Ultra-Micro Steam Injector. To this end, SI with throat diameter of 2.0 mm was designed and investigated experimentally. Visualization of internal flow behavior and measurement of pressure and temperature were conducted. As a result, we confirmed that the formation of the water jet, the stop of drainage from the drain port and the increase of discharge pressure. The internal flow patterns were classified into four types and considering the energy balance of water and steam. One of the operating criteria was clarified that water could completely condense the steam. The discharge pressure was increased up to 2 times at maximum. There is possibility the operating criteria can be predicted from the position where the flow behavior


An analytical method has been developed to investigate the trapping kinetics of multiple trap levels in a silicon nitride insulator under very complex conditions. Solutions for the trapped‐charge distribution are given for the case of a nonuniform single carrier current in an insulator having very strong charge trapping and various detrapping mechanisms such as Poole‐Frenkel emission or photoionization. The trapped‐charge distribution is given in terms of a series in the position and time variables, and is given for a single trap level, several trap levels, and an energy distribution of traps. In the more complex models, the series are terminated after a finite number of terms and are used to calculate the trapped‐charge centroid as a function of the total trapped charge. The trapped‐charge centroid calculations are shown to be useful for studying silicon nitride or other strong trapping insulating materials used for long term charge storage applications.


Background: RAD50-MRE11-Nbs1 complex is essential for DNA repair. Results: ATP binding by RAD50 closes the complex; MRE11 is an endonuclease. ATP hydrolysis opens the complex; MRE11 is an exonuclease. Conclusion: ATP hydrolysis is a switch converting MRE11 from an endonuclease to an exonuclease. Significance: ATP-dependent nuclease switch provides a mechanism of how RAD50-MRE11 complex is able to coordinate DNA repair. MRE11-RAD50 is a key early response protein for processing DNA ends of broken chromosomes for repair, yet how RAD50 nucleotide dynamics regulate MRE11 nuclease activity is poorly understood. We report here that ATP binding and ATP hydrolysis cause a striking butterfly-like opening and closing of the RAD50 subunits, and each structural state has a dramatic functional effect on MRE11. RAD50-MRE11 has an extended conformation in solution when MRE11 is an active nuclease. However, ATP binding to RAD50 induces a closed conformation, and in this state MRE11 is an endonuclease. ATP hydrolysis opens the RAD50-MRE11 complex, and MRE11 maintains exonuclease activity. Thus, ATP hydrolysis is a molecular switch that converts MRE11 from an endonuclease to an exonuclease. We propose a testable model in which the open-closed transitions are used by RAD50-MRE11 to discriminate among DNA ends and drive the choice of recombination pathways.


In this paper,it develops a novel decentralized adaptive fuzzy control for a class of large-scale nonlinear systems with higher order interconnections.The control method needn't suppose the unknown control gain function is independent of the last variable;also,the assumption that the differential coefficient of the unknown control gain function be bounded is canceled;the controller of every subsystem can be designed only with the information of itself,the true decentralized control is realized finally.Based on Lyapunov stability theorem,the closed-loop system is proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded,with the tracking error converging to zero asymptotically.The simulation results are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are cell wall-anchored proteins that inhibit pathogen polygalacturonases (PGs). PGIPs, like other resistance genes, contain extracytoplasmic leucine-rich repeats (eLRRs), which are required for pathogen PG recognition. The importance of these PGIPs in plant defense has been well documented. This study focuses on chickpea (Cicer arietinum) PGIPs (CaPGIPs) owing to limited information available on this important crop. In this study, we identified and characterized two novel Capgips (Capgip3 and Capgip4) in addition to the previously reported Capgip1 and Capgip2. Our analysis showed that CaPGIP1, CaPGIP3, and CaPGIP4 proteins contain N-terminal signal peptides, ten LRRs, theoretical molecular mass, and isoelectric points like other legume PGIPs. However, the previously reported CaPGIP2 cannot be classified as a true PGIP since it lacked a signal peptide, more than half of the LRRs, and other characteristics of a typical PGIP. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment revealed that the Capgip amino acid sequences are similar to the other reported legumes. Several cis-acting elements that are typical of pathogen response, tissue-specific activity, hormone response, and abiotic stress-related are present in the promoters of Capgip1, Capgip3, and Capgip4. Localization experiments showed that Capgip1, Capgip3, and Capgip4 are located in the cell wall or membrane, whereas Capgip2 is found in the endoplasmic reticulum. Capgip transcript levels analyzed at normal conditions show constitutive tissue specific expression and heterozygous expression patterns analogous to other defense related gene families. All these findings suggest that CaPGIPs could have the potential to combat chickpea pathogens.


Wireless (e.g., GSM) technology for performing early decoding of a message on the control channel in a communication system is provided. In the GSM system, a message for the paging channel is transmitted in four bursts. For early decoding in GSM, terminal initially receives the first two bursts for messages. (612) two bursts are processed, decoded, to recover the message. Then the message is checked to determine whether the message was decoded in or error is decoded correctly. If (614, 616) recovered message is good, the decoding process can be terminated, the terminal may enter early to sleep. (650) otherwise, the received third burst, all three bursts are decoded and processed to recover the message. (622, 624) Again, if good recovered message, the decoding process can be terminated. Otherwise, the fourth burst is received, all four bursts are processed and decoded to recover the message. (632, 634)


Let X be a Banach lattice. In this paper we give conditions in which an increasing linear operator, A : X ! X is weakly Picard operator (see I.A. Rus, Picard operators and applications, Sc. Math. Japonicae, 58(2003), No. 1, 191-219). To do this we introduce the notion of \invariant linear partition of X with respect to A" and we use contraction principle and Maia's xed point theorem. Some applications are also given.


MANET is an infrastructure less network with dynamic topology. Topology changes because MANET supports random mobility of nodes within the network. AODV is a well known MANET routing protocol which perform very well in dynamic environment of network. AODV uses BFS to discover path from source to destination by flooding the network. This leads to the congestion in network. Ordered Walk learning routing protocol also a reactive protocols but instead of BFS it uses DFS. This work shows that OWL can perform comparable or better than AODV by comparison between OWL and AODV based on Energy consumption in different phases of routing. Also compare OWL and AODV in term of End to End delay and delivery ratio of routing.


(57) Abstract: The present invention provides from a first transmission medium to the second transmission medium interface conversion module 600 for converting the data signal. Module is housed in a metal housing 602 having a first end and a second end. Shielded electrical connector is attached to the first end of the housing and is configured to engage corresponding connectors and related to the first transmission medium. Printed circuit board 616 is mounted in the housing, on its, circuitry configured to convert the data to the second transmission medium from a host device the transmission medium is provided. Printed circuit board is provided with contact fingers 612. Contact fingers 612 are attached to each end, the host connector to the first end of the module to form a media connector at the second end of the module. Medium connector includes two LC duplex optical receptacle 650 for accommodating the ROSA and TOSA, respectively.


Features of the phytoplankton community were studied based on the data of phytoplankton net samples collected from a grid of 20stations in the Tianjin nearshore waters of Bohai Bay in spring of 2012.A total of 2phyla including 17genera and 28species of phytoplankton were identified in the present study,in which 92.9%are diatoms and 7.1%are dinoflagellates.The main phytoplankton groups are eurythermal and neritic autochthonous species.The dominant species are Guinardia delicatula,Odontella sinensis,Ditylum brightwellii and Coscinodiscus granii.The horizontal patterns of phytoplankton cell abundance are controlled by that of diatoms.They are high in Tanggu,Dagang and Qikou of the Bohai Bay.The species at 20stations are grouped into five ecotypes according to the result of cluster analysis.The Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes range from 0.43to 3.59with an average of 2.15,with a decreasing trend from the north and south to the middle.The 4factors of temperature,DO,pH and inorganic nitrogen have the maximum ranking correlation coefficient with phytoplankton species composition and cell abundance distribution,and these 4 environmental factors are the best explanation for the community structure.


The invention discloses an electromagnetic inlet valve capable of avoiding piston jitter under low water pressure, which comprises a valve body and a valve seat inside the valve body. A conduit is arranged on the valve body; a piston is arranged inside the conduit; the head of the piston is connected with a piston cap; a spring is pressed to the rear end of the piston; one end of the piston corresponding to the valve seat is provided with a protrusion; a connecting structure is arranged on a diaphragm and comprises a moving space for the piston protrusion and a top fastening edge; an electromagnetic coil is sleeved outside the conduit; a bracket A and a bracket B are arranged outside the electromagnetic coil; an iron core is fixed on the top in the conduit; a spring is arranged between the iron core and the rear end of the piston; an electrode pipe A is connected to the bracket A; an electrode pipe B is connected to the bracket B; the electrode pipe A and the electrode pipe B are sleeved outside the conduit and inside an inner shaft of the coil respectively; an electromagnetic loop A consists of the piston, the electrode pipe A, the bracket A, the electrode pipe B and the bracket B; and an electromagnetic loop B consists of the piston, the iron core, the bracket A, the electrode pipe A, the bracket B and the electrode pipe B. The electromagnetic inlet valve is suitable to serve as an inlet valve of a washing machine and other household appliances.


Relationships between the occurrence of poor slag flow episodes at a cyclone-fired boiler, coal mineral content, heating value, and other fuel quality parameters have been investigated. In addition, optimization of boiler operating conditions to match coal quality is the major emphasis of current activities. The boiler fires North Dakota lignite, a highly variable fuel, and experiences intermittent cyclone slagging problems related to coal quality. Cyclone slagging episodes were found to occur when the heating value of the fuel was less than 6600 Btu/lb and the T250 was greater than 2250 F. Higher-Btu coals burn hotter and appear to be able to handle higher T250 values without slagging. Other fuel quality parameters related to cyclone slag flow behavior include high silicon and aluminum concentrations and high concentrations of the silicon- and aluminum-rich clay minerals illite and montmorillonite. These minerals are thought to contribute to cyclone slagging episodes by reducing the ability of the slag to incorporate calcium, thus leading to increased slag viscosity. To improve slag flow behavior, operating conditions have been modified to maintain high temperatures in the cyclones. Changes include increasing coal drying temperature and balancing the air/fuel ratio. T250 can be readily calculated from coal ash composition. Claysmore » and other minerals can be identified in individual coal particles using automated scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Use of these analytical techniques can enable potential cyclone slagging problems to be predicted in advance.« less