All the four PCAs selected (maleic acid, itaconic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid) could impart easy-care functional properties like improved crease recovery with greater strength retention, excellent soil release characteristics, reduced flexural rigidity and very good whiteness retention in the treated cotton fabric sample as described in the first part of the study. When PCAs are combined, they react with each other. Under suitable conditions, they copolymerize together which increases the functionality (in terms of number of carboxyl groups). Therefore, they exhibit better performance in crosslinking of cellulose. The polycarboxylic acids exhibit synergy which means that their performance in combination is more than just the addition of their performance in individual application.


We present the results of MERLIN polarization mapping of OH masers at 1665 and 1667 MHz towards the Cepheus A star-forming region. The maser emission is spread over a region of 6 × 10 arcsec 2 , twice the extent previously detected. In contrast to the 22-GHz water masers, the OH masers associated with H II regions show neither clear velocity gradients nor regular structures. We identified 10 Zeeman pairs which imply a magnetic field strength along the line of sight from -17.3 to +12.7 mG. The magnetic field is organized on the arcsecond scale, pointing towards us in the west and away from us in the east side. The linearly polarized components, detected for the first time, show regularities in the polarization position angles depending on their position. The electric vectors of OH masers observed towards the outer parts of H II regions are consistent with the interstellar magnetic field orientation, while those seen towards the centres of H n regions are parallel to the radio jets. A Zeeman quartet inside a southern H II region has now been monitored for 25 years; we confirm that the magnetic field decays monotonically over that period.


The deforming behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy at different servo driving modes were studied by finite element method(FEM)and upsetting test,and the microsructure of the magnesium alloy before and after upsetting was observed.The results show that the damage of the sample deforming at the servo lower uniform speed driving mode and the servo decreasing-speed driving mode was decreased clearly at deformation temperature of 250℃,and the temperature difference during the deforming procedure and the deformation load were also decreased.The grain size of the sample at servo decreasing-speed driving mode was finer than that at the servo uniform speed driving mode,indicating that the servo decreasing-speed driving mode is in favor of the development of dynamic recrystallization of the magnesium alloy.


Academic interest in homeschooling has increased over the last decade, as what was once perceived as a marginal development, has, in fact, turned into a significant and growing phenomenon. There has been, in recent years, a noticeable surge in African American involvement in the homeschooling movement as well. However, there continues to be a general paucity of research on the motivations of homeschooling Black parents. It is the purpose of this essay (a) to present empirical evidence regarding African American motivations for homeschooling; and (b) to explore in depth one of the main reasons why African Americans increasingly choose to educate their children at home, namely, African American discontent with the poor quality of the education available in American schools, both public and private. While discontent with the quality of education is also commonly cited by other ethnic groups, the African American definition of a satisfactory education stands out, as it is articulated within the context of a racially exclusive and discriminatory society, and often includes demands for cultural and historical relevance.


We have investigated the pathway to realize Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE) as the primary energy for society, which is vital for the Green Earth (environmentally sustainable economic growth and prosperity for all mankind). The next step toward the fusion power plant is the engineering development of the elements and the integrated system of the LIFE. An integrated system development will open new applications to sciences and industries in many fields such as high energy density physics, advanced manufacturing, nuclear material processing, space, and medical engineerings, with the deployment of high rep-rate, high-average and peak power lasers. Laser fusion research started soon after the invention of laser. The purpose was clearly fixed on the development of new energy sources, which are clean, safe and abundant, in order to provide the primary energy for the future. The physics of laser-driven implosion and compression have been thoroughly investigated within an active collaborative and interactive international research community. We achieved temperatures of 10 8 K which is necessary for abundant fusion reactions to occur and densities of 10 3 times compression over the initial pellet density required for energy gain in separate experiments at ILE, Osaka University. We are now at the new phase where the fusion ignition, burn and energy gain are expected to be achieved with the Mega-Joule lasers such as NIF of the U.S. and LMJ of France in the time frame of 2011∼2015. Along with the research activities of world-leading laboratories into the physics of the implosion, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been promoting international collaborative projects for the development of Inertial Fusion Energy. The first systematic project was performed taking the collaboration of more than 80 experts of the world. The result was published as a comprehensive book of 450 pages titled as "Energy from Inertial Fusion" in 1995. Since then, two successive Coordinative Research Projects (CRP) have been undertaken, the first entitled "CRP on the Elements of Power Plant Design" from 2000 to 2004 and the second entitled "CRP on the Integrated Approach to Inertial Fusion Power Plants" from 2006 to 2010. The progresses of high energy density physics being stimulated by IFE research and the high average power laser engineering of short pulse for IFE driver, are opening and creating new science opportunities and industries in material processing, radiation sources, charged particles and neutron sources, new material creation, and medical applications. These will provide important new technologies for the green earth and sustainable growth for the 21st Century. It appears that we are entering the new Era of Photonics.


This paper is an attempt for illuminating an unexplored area in the field of institutional credit by different Banking and Non-Banking sector. This study highlighted the credit system of rural development; requirement of credit in rural India also the author highlighted the agricultural development after independence. After nationalization of commercial Banks in 1969 how commercial Banks endeavored to increase direct investment, how the new strategy called service area approach was introduced to increase productivity and income levels of rural people. The primary aim of this study are (I) to examine the credit performances of co-operatives, commercial Banks and RRB's in meeting the credit requirement. (II) To investigate the amount of loans sanctioned for disbursement purpose. (III) To find out the repayment and over dues of Bank credit.


I wish to comment on one aspect of the Keynote Paper on Soft Rock. Since I do not have a copy of the written version of the Paper to refer to in preparing this discussion, I have to trust to my memory of what was stated in the oral presentation at the Symposium. I refer to a particular Figure which was presented which showed the effect of varying degrees of drainage on a pressuremeter test in soft rock. This Figure indicated that a completely undrained test produced a 'softer' pressure-expansion response than a drained test in the same material. Varying degrees of drainage were shown to produce ranges of responses varying gradually from the 'soft' undrained response to the 'stiff' drained response, depending on the degree of drainage permitted. These results were presented as having been generated from a finite element modelling of the pressuremeter test. Presumably (though I do not recall if this was explicitly stated) this same model was used to produce many of the rest of the numerical model results presented.


In recent years, the demands of high-quality education have become a source of problems in South Korea, forming a new type of separated family. When the parents send their children to foreign countries for advanced education, the fathers, the wives, and children are separated for a significantly long period of time. Usually, the fathers, called Seagull Dads (Kim, 2008), are in charge of financial support and considered suffering the most. As a result, the opportunity of the advance education for children transforms into a crisis for the entire family.


The article tells about the new requirements for health care facilities (their structural units) engaged in the procurement, processing, storage and ensuring safety of donated blood and blood components, the list of equipment for such facilities; the need to formalize the procedure of the automated transfer of information to the single data base for the implementation of safety activities, development, setting up and promotion of blood (and components) donation. Numerous flaws in the new requirement and the list of equipment for the blood service ask for a large-scale revision.


The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC/Mg-Al-Sr alloy matrix composite was investigated. The heat treatment involved annealing at 425, 375, and 325°C for 4 hours, water quenching then ageing at room temperature for 48 hours. The heat treatment process caused dissolution ofs Mg2Si precipitated and decomposition of nano-SiC particles. The composites with 0.15 Vf-% nano-SiC which was treated at 425°C has reached the optimum hardness due to precipitate of the intermetallic phase. Besides, the hardness of the treated composites still has good ductility. The fracture surface of the composite consisted of numerous dimples as a result of micro voids nucleated at the interface between the matrix and SiC particles and second-phase particles as well. The fracture of heat treated composite was similar to microvoids which were nucleated mainly on nano-SiC particles as obtained during fractography analysis.


This study investigates international students' life adjustment in Eastern Taiwan by conducting a survey study. A total of 104 students were invited to complete the Life Adjustment Questionnaire (LAQ). Several predictors' (gender, major differences, and study levels) were studied in this survey. The results revealed seven important points, including the validity and reliability of LAQ, the degree of adjustment, adjustment across gender, the correlations among dimensions of adjustment, adjustment across majors, adjustment across study levels, and the interaction among gender, major, and study level together concerning adjustment. The research gives some implications for further research and recommendations for universities related to international students.


ABSTRACT Aerated subsurface drip irrigation (ASDI) has been considered an effective method to unlock the growth potential of crops. An experiment was undertaken to monitor the effects of three aeration rates (40% aeration rate, 15% aeration rate, CK: no-aeration) on rhizosphere soil environment and growth parameters of pepper in three soil types (YC: yellow clay, SL: silt loam, HL: heavy loam). ASDI significantly increased the soil enzyme and microbial abundance, and enhanced the soil respiration compared to the control. ASDI significantly increased the pepper yield, fruit quality, and biomass of stem and leaf. The 40% aeration rate was more beneficial to these parameters than that of 15% aeration rate in YC and SL, whereas, in HL, the 40% was less effective than 15% aeration rate. Soil type significantly affected pepper rhizosphere soil environment and the yield, quality, and biomass of stem and leaf. The benefits of ASDI in YC were better than those in SL and HL. However, aeration rate and soil type had no significant effects on the fresh/dry weight of pepper root. The recommended ASDI patterns for pepper in YC and SL were 40% aeration rates, while in HL it was the 15% aeration rate.


Dielectric properties of epitaxial Gd2O3 thin films grown on Si have been found to improve significantly by incorporation of suitable dopants. However, in order to achieve optimum electrical properties from such doped oxides, it is important to understand the correlation between doping and the electronic structure of the material. In the present article, we report about the effect of nitrogen doping on the electronic structure and room temperature dc leakage properties of epitaxial Gd2O3 thin films. Epitaxial Gd2O3:N thin films were grown on p-type Si (111) substrates by solid source molecular beam epitaxy technique using molecular N2O as the nitridation agent. First investigations confirmed the presence of substitutional N in the Gd2O3:N layers. Incorporation of nitrogen did not affect the structural quality of the oxide layers. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations revealed band gap narrowing in epitaxial Gd2O3 due to nitrogen doping, which leads to reduction in the valence band offset of the ...


The aim of this study was to identify any existing correlations between or among finger skin temperature (FST), photoplethysmography (PPG), and Doppler ultrasound (US) when used to measure digital blood flow in the dominant hand under conditions of cold water immersion, room temperature immersion, and no water immersion. Sixty one healthy subjects, twelve males and forty-nine females, were tested. FST, PPG and US blood flow measurements were taken on the second and fifth digits of the dominant hand of each subject. Subjects were then randomly assigned to two groups: a control group with no water immersion and an experimental group. The experimental group was further subdivided into room temperature and cold water immersion groups. Following immersion (or a comparable time period for controls), blood flow measurements were repeated. A simple bivariate correlation was used to analyze the percent change in FST, PPG and US based on preand post-immersion measurements. On the basis of this study, we conclude that: 1) FST behaved most consistently under all conditions, 2) blood flow responses differed between the second and the fifth digits, 3) these measurement techniques are not interchangeable under conditions of cooling. There was no correlation among FST, PPG and US with respect to blood flow in the second and fifth digits. There was however, a weak positive correlation between FST and PPG under all conditions.


Over the past century the steam turbine has evolved from an experimental device to become the major source of electric power generation in the United States. The history of the device can be traced partly through the work of Westinghouse Electric, which has been active from the earliest days. Topics discussed in this paper are grouped under the following headings: Evolution of the Industry, Rankine cycle, Regenerative cycle, Reheat cycle, Multiple reheat, Moisture separation, External moisture removal, Steam-to-steam reheat, Materials, Cycle effects, Steam conditions, Nuclear Turbines, Design analysis/product performance, Product and development testing, Current and future trends.


1. Monaliza S. Evangelista, MD*
2. Nikita Khetan, MD†
3. Emma A. Omoruyi, MD*

1. *Division of Community and General Pediatrics,

2. †Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX

A 10-year-old boy with a history of anomalous left coronary artery repaired during infancy presents to the hospital due to worsening right lower extremity pain for the past 3 weeks. The patient had residual mitral valve prolapse and moderate mitral valve regurgitation, moderate pulmonic regurgitation, and left atrial dilatation after the initial repair of his congenital heart disease. At the start of his symptoms, he was able to walk and run, but in the past few days, the pain has worsened. He now refuses to run and tries to walk slowly only when prompted to walk. His mother is also concerned that he has lost weight since the start of the pain, with accompanying anorexia. The family denies any history of trauma. He takes aspirin daily due to a history of congenital heart disease. Three weeks ago, before the pain started, his mother brought him to the hospital for evaluation of a fever. He was diagnosed as having a viral infection and was discharged. Since then his mother recalls intermittent episodes when he felt warm but on checking his temperature, it was normal.

During his evaluation in the emergency department this time, he is noted to have a temperature of 102.8°F (39.3°C) and tachycardia to 125 beats/min. Laboratory values are significant for elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level, a normal white blood cell count but with a neutrophilic predominance, and anemia (hemoglobin level, 9.3 g/dL [93 g/L]). An imaging study, suggested by an orthopedic surgery colleague, reveals the diagnosis.

A magnetic resonance image of the boy's lower extremity was concerning for an arterial thrombosis in the right …


Improving the accuracy and speed has become a main concern of time-series prediction. Aiming at these problems existing in time-series prediction, three kinds of researches and improvements are made as follows. This paper proposes a prediction method of combining Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) with least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM), the experimental results show that under the same conditions, the testing error of EMD combining with LS-SVM method is 0.1943 which significantly better than any single method of LS-SVM or SVM or BP neural network (BPNN), thus it is better for non-stationary time series. The immune clonal memetic algorithm (ICMA) is employed for resolving the parameter optimization problem in LS-SVM model, by combining global optimization with local optimization, the experiments show that the testing error of this method is 0.0865, which is faster than the optimization with the genetic algorithm (GA) or grid search algorithm. To raise the prediction speed, an improved LS-SVM online prediction method is proposed, which combine selective pruning algorithm with fast incremental learning, the results of experiment show that the speed of this method is improved nearly double compared with the direct inverse LS-SVM's, and a quarter is raised than the recursive inversion LS-SVM, with higher real-time performance while ensuring the reasonable prediction accuracy.


The incidence of ovarian cysts, response to GnRH treatment, and effects on reproductive performance and culling rate of Holstein cows were determined. Ovaries of lactating cows (n=333), were weekly monitored by ultrasound, beginning at fourth week postpartum, to determine the presence of corpus luteum (CL) and follicles greater than 10mm. In the seventh week the cows were classified as cycling (n=248; presence of corpus luteum (CL) in one of the ultrasound evaluations); anovulatory (n=54; absence of CL and follicles less than 25mm), and cystic (n=31; absence of CL and presence of structures greater than 25mm). The cysts cows were distributed in two groups in the seventh week: control group (n=16; without treatment) and treatment group (n=15; cows received one GnRH injection). The recovery rate was 60.0% in treated cows and 87.5% in control cows. The cystic cows had longer average interval from parturition to first AI (P<0.05; 91.4±8.3 vs. 77.8±2.5), higher number of services per conception (P<0.05; 4.4±1.2 vs. 3.6±1.5), longer interval parturition to conception (P<0.05; 214.8± 25.9 vs. 174.9±7.7), and higher percentage of culled cows (P<0.05; 41.2% vs. 21.8%), than cycling cows. Cystic cows without treatment had the same recovery rate as cows treated with GnRH. Cystic cows had longer intervals from parturition to conception, and higher culling rate.


A procedure performed by the user equipment (110), the method comprising: communicating with a multimedia subsystem internet protocol (252, 254, 256, 258) of a visited network (130) to send a request to establish a call emergency voice over Internet Protocol, in which the request comprises location information for the user equipment (110); if location information is not sufficient to determine uniquely a point of public safety answering, receive instructions from the multimedia subsystem internet protocol (252, 254, 256, 258) of the visited network to collect and send , to a location server (272), a first position estimate for the UE (110), wherein the first position estimate is sufficiently precise to enable the location server (272) determines uniquely one point public safety answering (180); and set up emergency call voice over internet protocol between the user equipment (110) point response and public safety (180) through the visited network (130).


Flow characteristics and defluidization behavior due to agglomeration at high temperatures were investigated in two fluidized beds made of quartz,a 80 mm long,30 mm wide and a 80 mm long,10 mm wide.Various experimental materials,including high density polyethylene,polypropylene and glass beads with different size distributions were employed.When the temperature of the fluidized bed was lower than the minimum sintering temperature (T s),the minimum fluidization velocity of sintering material,belonging to Geldart groups A and B,decreased with the increase of the bed temperature.While the minimum fluidization velocity of sintering material,belonging to Geldart group D,increased with the bed temperature.A correlation for predicting the minimum fluidization velocity of sintering materials was proposed.The superficial gas velocity should be larger than u mf to keep the fluidized bed fluiding when the bed temperature was higher than the minimum sintering temperature.In addition,the sintering material with a small diameter corresponds to a lower minimum sintering temperature.


1. Pampulha Lake has undergone rapid eutrophication. Annual maxima of total phosphorus and conductivity increased steadily from 1993 to 1996. Nitrogen quickly decreased after macrophyte removal in 1994, but increased again in the following years

2. The zooplankton was dominated by Daphnia gessneri, D. laevis, Diaphanosoma birgei and Thermocyclops decipiens. The biomass of major zooplankton organisms, including Daphnia and rotifers, increased during the period covered in this study.

3. Autocorrelation coefficients have confirmed the existence of recurrent seasonal patterns for both chemical and biological variables.

4. Daphnia, calanoid copepods and rotifers showed clear and recurrent seasonal patterns. Cyclopoid copepods and Diaphanosoma had temporal patterns more affected by long-term trophic changes. Other organisms such as Moina, Ceriodaphnia and Bosmina exhibited high temporal variability with no recurrent patterns.

5. There was a strong and positive correlation between total phosphorus and Daphnia biomass. Seasonal patterns of this cladoceran were also inversely associated with sestonic C:P ratios. Thus, Daphnia may be limited primarily by phosphorus and not by total food availability as expressed by particulate carbon.

6. This study suggests that increasing eutrophication has changed the structure as well as seasonal patterns of the zooplankton community in Pampulha Reservoir.


In the fierce market competition, enterprises need to combine their own actual situation, attach great importance to financial sharing. Based on the analysis of the advantages and innovative modes of financial sharing service, this paper further clarifies the key points of financial sharing, and guides the daily operation and financial management of enterprises. In the new historical period, it is necessary to reform and innovate the financial sharing work of enterprises, to make up for the insufficiency in the construction of the financial sharing service mode of enterprises, to establish and perfect the accounting information management system, to organize and carry out the accounting reform and innovation work of enterprises, and to further promote the sustainable development of the financial information of


It is of great importance to obtain the earth surface property timely and effectively,which can help us to know the relationship between human and nature phenomena and also for decision-making.Pixel-based and classification based remote sensed data are the two normal methods during the traditional land use/cover change detection,which make use of the single-source spectral to extract the changed land use/cover information,while texture and other spatial information are neglected.In this research,spectral and texture information basing on the Change Vector Analysis and Support Vector Machine method are incorporated to extract the land use/cover information.The land use/cover information are extracted with the method above in Haidian district,Beijing,supported with the two-temporal TM image in 1997 and 2004,the overall accuracy and Kappa are 93.1% and 0.862 respectively,better than double-windows flexible pace searching CVA method.Whose overall accuracy and Kappa are 90.2% and 0.804 respectively,showing that the method in this paper can extract the changed information effectively.On the other hand,this method can over come the difficulty in searching the threshold which has to be engaged in the CVA method.


An object-oriented expert system for power system operation management in dispatching center is introduced in this paper. In order to reuse the source code and improve the performance of the software, the inheritance of object-oriented programming is employed in designing class hierarchy of the software, and only a limited number of classes are constructed based on the function and mode of operation object instead of real detailed types of device or bay. Based on object-oriented analysis and design techniques, a practical expert system is developed, which incorporates functions such as network topology, searching, knowledge production and derivation processing.


We report the growth and properties of molybdenum oxide and iron doped molybdenum oxide thin films on c‐cut sapphire substrate using pulsed laser deposition in oxygen ambient. X‐ray diffraction results show that the films are oriented in (100) direction and have monoclinic structure based on MoO2 phase. The resistivity data show minima at 101 K for undoped sample which is shifted to 57 K for 5% Fe doping. The Fe doped samples show ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature.


The operational data collected from the communication system such as a DSL system, but includes the elimination data and / or display data, the communication device by analyzing these data, such as a DSL modem that generated this operational data it is possible to determine the type. Exclusion data, if any, by using this, it is possible to eliminate one or more communication device types from consideration. Display data, if any, by using this, it is also possible to influence the selection of the communication device type, such as by assigning relative and / or communication device type to the communication device type, wherein the score. Information relating to the various communication devices are stored in a database or the like. In DSL systems, modem type is selected been evaluated by the modem identification unit or identification device for collecting and analyzing operational data using a collection means and identification means. The identification device, such as a DSM Center or the like which is coupled to the DSL system is implemented in and / or computer in a computer, or a part of the controller. Now the operation signals of the modem and / or system generated information such as selection of modem type controller is used, this, it is possible to support the operation of the DSL system. .FIELD 1


Some new teaching strategies are reviewed in this paper. Concept mapping, case studies and online learning will be introduced to modify the teaching of Organic Chemistry in Northwest University in China. The intention is to try to improve the quality of teaching and promote lifelong learning by students.


In this study,the inhibitory mechanism of vitamin B1 on the monophenolase and diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase was investigated.Results showed that vitamin B1 could inhibit both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity of the enzyme,and the concentrations lead to 50% loss of activity were 15 and 20 mmol/L,respectively.For the monophenolase activity,vitamin B1 lengthened the lag time and decreased the steady-state activity.With increasing inhibitor concentration,the lag time changed from 52 seconds in its absence to 277 seconds in the presence of 21 mmol/L inhibitor.For the diphenolase activity,the kinetic analysis showed that the inhibition of vitamin B1 on the diphenolase activity of the enzyme was reversible and belonged to competitive-type,and the inhibition constants(KI) were determined to be 11.7 mmol/L.


In 1905, Albert Einstein published a series of papers that constitute an unprecedented display of creativity. The paper Einstein (1905) published in June of this annus mirabilis deals with the theory of relativity, a work that eventually brought Einstein rock-star fame. The first sentence of the essay makes an aesthetic observation: "It is known that Maxwell's electrodynamics, as usually understood at the present time, when applied to moving bodies, leads to asymmetries which do not appear to be inherent in the phenomena" (italics added). Einstein discusses the meaning of this asymmetry with an example from the theory of electromagnetism. He observes that a magnet in motion relative to a wire loop produces an electrical current in the wire. According to Maxwell's theory, different equations apply when the magnet moves and the wire is stationary and vice versa. In one case, the magnet is moving with respect to the ether (a universal static substance that acts as the medium for transmission of light) and in the other, the magnet is at rest with respect to the ether. This asymmetry was unacceptable to Einstein. If the current is the same in both cases, then one is looking at the same phenomenon from different perspectives, or from different reference frames, thus making the idea of an ether superfluous. McCullagh's prediction (see the quotation on page 110) of an unexpected, simple and beautiful ether is perhaps fulfilled; non-existence is the ultimate simplicity. The new theory is based on two simple postulates: The laws of physics take the same form for "all reference frames for which the equations of mechanics hold good" (inertial frames). Light always propagates in empty space with a velocity c which is independent of the state of motion of the emitting body. From this starting point, as simple as it is audacious, Einstein leads us through a path of impeccable logic that culminates in the notion that time, represented by the ticking of a wristwatch, is not an absolute phenomenon. It is remarkable that the equations that Einstein derives existed before his work. In 1895, the Dutch physicist Hendrik A. Lorentz, in order to explain some experiments by Michelson and Morley wrote a set of equations (identical to Einstein's) in which time appeared as a mathematical variable that depended on velocity and position.


The areas south of Henan Province is economically underdevelvped area(This article referred to Xinyang and zhumadian county),which has weak economic foundation,but labor economy here have made great progress.Its county economy have made rapid development.So it is necessary to deepen reform,stimulate economic vitality.Promote the industria lization of agriculture,strengthen the rural economy,develop the labor economy and increase the income of the farmers.


Function Part of the TCR-CD3 complex present on T-lymphocyte cell surface that plays an essential role in adaptive immune response. When antigen presenting cells (APCs) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), TCR-mediated signals are transmitted across the cell membrane by the CD3 chains CD3D, CD3E, CD3G and CD3Z. All CD3 chains contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their cytoplasmic domain. Upon TCR engagement, these motifs become CD3 (T-Cell Marker) Antibody With BSA and Azide Background


A cosmetic water-in-oil composition is provided which includes a water-in-oil emulsifying silicone surfactant, crosslinked silicone elastomer and conjugated linoleic acid. The conjugated linoleic acid functions to improve radiance on facial surfaces to which the composition is topically applied.


The invention relates to a hot dip plating alloy which is special for a titanium alloy part surface coating. The hot dip plating alloy comprises the following components in percentage by total mass: 8-24 percent of silicon, 1.2-3.1 percent of zinc, 0.02-0.5 percent of rare earth, 0.05-1 percent of ferrum, 0.05-0.5 percent of copper, 0.5-2.0 percent of chromium, 1-2 percent of nano oxide particle reinforcing agent and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities. The nano oxide particle reinforcing agent is selected from one or two of TiO2 and CeO2; and by adopting the hot dip plating alloy produced by the invention, a coating with high corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance and high metallurgical combination with a matrix can be formed on the surface of titanium alloy.


The tourism factor that is in demand more with the industrial revolution has an important place nowadays with the increasing of free times and economic freedom. The desire of the exploring new places and looking for new tastes keep the interest alive and with the developing technology,newly the themes of tourism show up. Associated with the new themes of tourism, standards are constituted but the businesses that are in service in the tourism sector, which competition is existed intensely, have to progress their service qualities to respond the customer expectation in time. This competitive environment which is named as the heart of hotel managing adds an important dimension for kitchen and it makes a significant contribution in terms of developing and progressing. The appetence of tasting new flavors, seeing new presentation always bring about doing them much better. In this way, the importance of workers that work with the management breaks out. The factor of service quality showing remarkable development. The service quality that shows major development affects the hospitality, food and beverage deparments and this departmanet's sections. Therefore,the mastership of kitchen is influenced by this factor.The aim of this thesis study is presenting a research which unveils of the influences to service quality that is subsidiary of the food and beverage deparments.


Scalable high-performance network servers are a requirement in today's distributed infrastructure. Event-driven concurrency models often provide better scalability properties than multi-threaded servers but many legacy applications still follow the multi-threaded model where each request is handled by a dedicated operating system thread. Recent profiling at Google suggests that the instruction working set of many server applications does not fit into the private i-caches of contemporary processors, causing underutilization of their super-scalar out-of-order pipeline. In a multi-threaded server with an oversized instruction working set, context switches between two request-handler threads are thus likely to cause i-cache misses and subsequent pipeline stalls. We start by analyzing existing approaches to optimize the cache behavior of network servers. One technique applicable to multi-core systems is executing different parts of an application's code on different cores. By migrating threads to those cores whose caches contain the threads' current instruction working set, the application's code is effectively spread over the system's private i-caches and code misses are greatly reduced. Proof-of-concept work at the KIT OS group shows the potential of this technique, but the implementation does not scale to multiple clients and cores. In this thesis, we therefore propose that the spreading technique described above must be tightly integrated with the OS thread scheduler. We present an unintrusive user-space API that allows partitioning a multi-threaded server's request handler code path into stages. Our scheduler then dynamically assigns cores to stages and dispatches threads on their current stages' cores. We evaluate our design and its implementation in the OSv library operating system by adapting the MySQL database management system to our solution. We achieve up to 22% higher throughput caused by a 65% reduction of L2 i-cache misses without having to sacrifice request latency for this improvement.


The long-term fire suppression and land use patterns have caused a decrease in the extent of treatment, which indicates that fire did not change the growth pattern of overstory white oak over the 10 years of treatment. Red oak density oak/hickory/shortleaf pine (Quercus/Carya/Pinus echinata) woodlands in the Missouri Ozark Highlands (Hartman and Heumann, 2003). In 1996, the Chilton Creek Prescribe Burning Project (CCPBP) was decreased under each treatment, but basal area increased under the annual and random fire treatments compared to the decrease in basal initiated on the Nature Conservancy's Chilton Creek property to restore historic woodland structure and area under the no-fire treatment (Figure 1). This indicates that fire may composition by reducing stand density and to promote the diversity of native species in this ecosystem restoration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of frequent low-intensity fires on the have improved midstory red oak growth or reduced overstory mortality, or both. Hickory, shortleaf pine, and other species did not change in Fiuure. 1 Overstory (dbh>11.5cm) tree density (TPH) and basal area (m2 ha-1) by species groups in 1997(prior to burn),


The relationship between alcohol intake and end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) risk is controversial. Moreover, while evidence has shown that the relationship between alcohol and atherosclerosis may be modified by diabetes, whether this applies to ESKD is unknown.


Objective To study the effect of DNLA on BACE-1and Aβ in vitro-cultured hippocampal neurons of rats under hypoxic and hypoglycemic condition.Methods Hippocampal neurons of neonatal SD rats,identified and primarily cultured for 8days,were randomly divided into normal control group,solventia control group,hypoxic and hypoglycemic group and DNLA treatment group.The effect of DNLA on BACE-1and Aβ in the cultured hippocampal neurons was observed at 12,24and 36h,respectively.The viability of hippocampal neurons was detected by MTT.The BACE-1and Aβ levels were measured by ELISA and radioimmunoassay,respectively.Results No significant difference was found in viability of hippocampal neurons and levels of BACE-1and Aβ between normal control group and solventia control group at different time points ( P0.05 ) .The viability of hippocampal neurons was significantly lower whereas the levels of BACE-1and Aβ were significantly higher in hypoxic and hypoglycemic group than in normal control group at different time points ( P0.01 ) .The viability of hippocampal neurons was significantly higher whereas the levels of BACE-1and Aβ were significantly lower in DNLA treatment group than in hypoxic and hypoglycemic group ( P0.05,P0.01 ) .Conclusion DNLA can increase the viability of hippocampal neurons and decrease the levels of BACE-1and Aβ in vitro-cultured hippocampal neurons under hypoxic and hypoglycemic condition.


An address given to members of the A.C.T. Division of the Institute of Foresters of Australia on the occasion of a World Forestry Day Dinner, at Canberra, on 23 March 1979.


We give an overview of the current distribution of Vipera ursinii moldavica . Until 2000 just one small population was known to survive in the «Valea lui David» Natural Reserve, Iasi District, Romania. We surveyed the habitats in the Iasi District, in May and September 2000 and March 2001, where this snake was formerly reported: Tomesti and the surroundings of Românesti, Avântul, and Ursoaia. In the surroundings of Românesti, Avântul and Ursoaia we found the viper in two sites, Ciritei and Holm, in the proximity of a small hill informally called «Dealul lui Dumnezeu», where Vancea et al. had recorded the subspecies in 1985. V. u. moldavica has probably disappeared from Tomesti (Iasi District), Tecuci (Galaţi District), Horlăceni and Călărasi (Botosani District). The results of a short survey, from 1997, in the «Valea lui David» Natural Reserve are also presented. Based on a field survey (1998) in the Republic of Moldova, the survival of V. u. moldavica cannot be confirmed there. In this paper we describe the newly discovered habitats, and provide morphometric data for the captured specimens. An updated distribution map of the subspecies is provided.


An information processing device, method and computer program storage device that cooperate to handle different user interface situations differently. An exemplary device detects an external object as being in a touch state when and external object is in contact with a detection surface, and an adjacent state when the external object is within a predetermined distance from said detection surface but not in contact with said detection surface. A processor, when operating in a first mode, processes the touch state differently than the adjacent state. Also, the processor when operating in a second mode, processes said adjacent state as if it was the touch state.


It is frequenty used areas of values established by other populations with different characteristics to ours, with the possible risk in the interpretation thereof, we must acquire own experiences to reach as soon as possible to establish a reference range of own population.In this sense, this study aimed to determine the reference values of the blood count in an apparently healthy population from the towns of Tarabuco (3284m.snm ) and Zudanez ( 2200m.snm ) . The study was conducted on 645 people , of which 315 belong to the town of Tarabuco and 330 in the town of Zudanez ; adults of both sexes, between 1549 years of age, who met the clinical criteria desirable for the study. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, white blood cells, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and leukocyte: parameters were studied. A descriptive, crosssectional observational study was conducted for the study using the hematology analyzer "ABX Micros 60 counter " and manual methods. By performing a comparison of the results obtained with the 3284 m to 2200 m results it is observed that the difference was statistically significant for hematocrit, hemoglobin and red blood cells.


BACKGROUND: Thyroid hormones are very important for the normal functioning of the heart. This study aims at studying the cardiovascular consequences in hypothyroid patients by electrocardiography, lipid prole, and echocardiography. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 100 cases of hypothyroidism with a structured questionnaire to collect information from subjects regarding history, clinical examination, and investigations. ECG, 2D ECHO, and lipid prole were done to nd the cardiac changes and diastolic dysfunction. RESULTS: Out of the 100 cases, 82 had overt hypothyroidism, and 18 had subclinical hypothyroidism. Females constituted 80%, and the majority of them were in the age group > 50 years (34%). Commonest symptom on presentation was Dyspnea (65%). Dyslipidemia is seen in 34 patients. On ECG, 38% had Bradycardia, 24% had abnormal LVC, 9% had ST-T changes, 10% had long QT, 4% had RBBB. On Echo, 21% had pericardial effusion, 5% had LV Hypokinesia, and among subjects with Overt Hypothyroidism, 45% had diastolic dysfunction and 10% among those with Sub Clinical Hypothyroidism. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that there is a signicant association of hypothyroidism with diastolic dysfunction and pericardial effusion, particularly in the overt hypothyroidism group.


The study aims to examine the dimensions that shape the brand equity of Iphone smartphone. Survey of 100 respondents and sampling using non-probability sampling techniques with the methods of sampling purposive from populations who live or occupy the city of Malang who have made purchases of Iphone smartphone. Confirmatory factor analysis indicates that brand awareness, perceived quality, brand association, and brand loyalty are able to shape brand equity.


Recently,the topics of whether the "Lewis Turning Point" of China is coming and whether the retirement age should be postponed have been paid a great concern and aroused extensive social controversy with divergent views.Analysis shows that the "Lewis Turning Point" of China is not yet coming and the time of "the postponement of retirement age" is not yet ripe.


It is a notable case when the vicinal slopes or excavations are likely to reduce significantly the bearing capacity of foundation.To estimate of ultimate bearing capacity from the cohesion and unit weight of soil and embedded depth(overburden),the kinematical approach of limit analysis based on the three-dimensional mechanism was used.In view of the upper-bound approach,the simplified procedure was appropriate for design despite of inconsistency from a theoretical standpoint.The comparison of results with existing solutions to minimize the influential factors of bearing capacity as well as the reduction factors of the bearing capacity of rectangular footings near excavations were given finally.


Under the background of frequent occurrence of extreme drought as well as increasing attention to water shortage, regional water right distribution has become a vital approach for local government to advocate water right and manage water resource. The connotation along with subject and object of regional water right are investigated in this article. The manifestations of regional water right include life water right, ecological water right and productive water right. Multi-objective programming model of regional water right distribution in the fields of life, ecology and production is established taking social, ecological and economic targets into account. In accordance with the principle that basic water right superiors than public water right and competitive water right, the distribution priority is confirmed by questionnaires design and AHP method. Finally, empirical research is conducted by data from Ningxia and results are obtained under the condition of objects equilibrium. 0.3188 billion m3 water should be distributed to life activities and 0.1109 billion m3 water should be distributed to ecological activities, 7.3331 billion m3 to production activities according to the abovementioned empirical research.


An experimental recognition system for line-drawings using generalised Fourier descriptors (GFDs) is developed. Based on the cumulative angular function of line-drawings, GFDs of polygonal curves (both open and closed) are derived. The recognition of line-drawings is performed by considering character recognition which is based on a comparison of GFDs between unknown patterns and reference patterns. There is no constraint on handwriting. In order to evaluate the performance of the system, a number of experimental tests were carried out.


Xie-Xin decoction (XXD) is a commonly used traditional Chinese combinatorial formula containing Rhei rhizome (rhizomes of Rheum officinale Baill; RR), Scutellariae radix (roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi; SR) and Coptidis rhizoma (rhizomes of Coptis chinensis Franch; CR). In the present study, a central composite design (CCD) and the nonlinear estimation were adopted to reveal the changed regularity of anthraquinones and the working mechanism in Xie-Xin decoction. On the CCD experimental matrix, dosages of RR were fixed at 1 g, independent variables of CR and SR were set at the range of 0.01–0.99 g and pH values were set at 0.1–9.9. The dissolving-out quantity of the summed anthraquinones was selected as the dependent variable and measured by HPLC. The experimental data were fitted by using quadratic and cubic polynomial models, and surface plots were generated for further analyses. It showed that the cubic polynomial model with the R2 value of 0.9933 is more appropriate than the quadratic polynomial model (R2 = 0.8806) in explaining the relationship between factors and the response, in which CR and pH values contributed most to the changes of anthraquinones. Surface plots showed the interactive effects of CR and pH values: the responses were increased with the increase of CR when on the low pH values (namely acidic solution), while the responses were decreased with the increase of CR on the high pH values (namely alkaline solution). It is suggested that obtaining a high dissolving-out quantity of anthraquinones needs a stable pH condition during the process of decoction, which could be achieved when the combinatorial herbs of RR, CR and SR in XXD are used at an appropriate dosage ratio. The complete working mechanism remains to be further investigated by multidisciplinary cooperation from different perspectives.


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Human beings are rational in God's creation. In the early years, the occupations which were divided among themselves separately for the betterment of man are later divided on the basis of class. Thereafter, they create caste and divide certain castes into lower castes and other castes into upper castes. In a town where all the people live together, the last street is named colony street, where the lower caste people are excluded. These lower caste people are not allowed to enter the village freely even for festival-like events. Though there is an economy to buy quality food and clothing, the upper castes do not allow them to buy it. Vannar Kudi (Washermen Colony) is one such divided society. This article explains the condition of the washer people who are engaged in the business of washing.


This conceptual framework illustrates how perceptions of stigma, status, classism, and negative perceptions impact the worldviews of people who grew up in vehicular oriented urban and rural settings and subsequently have resistance to using public transportation in mid-size American cities. I argue that until we address the negative perceptions that the average middle-class American has, people will not consider public transportation as a viable transportation option. I believe that issues related to social sustainability such as the ones outlined above can either help or hinder truly sustainable human behavior in our built environment. Furthermore, numerous studies over the past decade have been done on providing equal opportunity in terms of the transportation disadvantaged such as the disabled, the poor, the elderly, and other under-served populations. The issues of social inclusion and segregation as they relate to public transportation have been studied extensively. However, I maintain that the conceptualization of social inclusion needs to be inclusive of the mainstream and the middle-class user and not be confined solely to a marginalized group of people that contributes to a negative perception of public transportation. The connection between the perception of what it means to use public transportation and the behavior of doing so or not requires more research. Discovering what belief systems and worldviews are behind particular perceptions is necessary. Also necessary is determining outdated and inaccurate perspectives that may accompany these perceptions. Additionally, what contributes to a stigmatized and elitist perception of using public transportation? The design of our built environment "reflects and reinforces the nature of gender, race, and class relations in society" (Kanes-Weisman, 1994). Design can have an impact on our perception of the built environment and hence, impact our behaviors. How do the design, materials and maintenance of the built structures (bus stations, bus stops, bus poles) impact the concept of stigma? How does the lack of a bus shelter or even a bench at a bus stop reinforce an existing stigma and elitist attitude about those who use public transportation? What impact do perceptions about safety and security have on perceptions of using public transportation? What physical qualities of the built environment contribute to this perception and what aspects do we pay particular attention to? How can design and programming decisions be more aligned with perceptions of safety and security issues, as well as image-making? Further studies can be done of American cities where public transportation was more the norm for the middle-class American and successfully implemented. Also, comparisons can be made between cities where using public transportation is embraced without negative perceptions and those where it is not. This conceptualization challenges the general idea that with knowing all the positive aspects and outcomes of using public transportation, that the middle-class American will happily embrace it. This work expands upon existing studies of discriminatory design and highlights the relationship between stigma and the design of our built environment.


a) the following, a1) with respect to terephthalic acid, from 50 to 100 mol%, of terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate, polyalkylene terephthalate, and mixtures of these materials, a2) from 0 to 50 mol%, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, or isophthalic acid, a3) from 0 to 50 mol%, of one or more dicarboxylic acids, Containing 10 to 70 mole% of the dicarboxylic acid, b) 2 to 30 mol%, of one or more fatty acids and / or fatty acid derivatives, and / or benzoic acid, c) from 10 to 70 mol%, having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, one or more aliphatic diols, or cycloaliphatic diols, or their alkoxylates, d) glycerol, alkoxylated Gureseroru, trimethylolpropane, alkoxylated trimethylolpropane, selected from pentaerythritol and alkoxylated pentaerythritol, 2-50 mole% of a high - functional polyol, A polyester polyol comprising the esterification product, Per polyester polyol 1 kg, at least 200 mmol, polyester polyols preferably those of at least 500 millimoles, that of and particularly preferably at least 800 mmol, polyol d OH functionality is ≧ 2.9) is reacted. .BACKGROUND


ABSTRACT Lingkar Ganja Nusantara (LGN) is the first organization that fought in realizing the legalization of marijuana in Indonesia. The paper examined which extent the organization's role in realizing the idea of ??legalizing marijuana and how their strategies in changing social construction of marijuana. In this paper I draw 14 informants in-depth interviews including 5 key informants as LGN members in Bali and 9 informants from BNNP Bali, marijuana users and non-users. The concept of Talcott Parsons' structural functionalism, social construction and deviance to shed light on three important roles in realizing the legalization of marijuana form LGN Dewata including assessment, education and regulation. The changing of social construction on marijuana by LGN strategies are increasing education and knowledge of mariuana itself, promoting the brand and products of LGN, and giving benefits information of marijuana widely over the Internet. Keyword : Lingkar Ganja Nusantara, Lingkar Ganja Nusantara Dewata, Legalizing Marijuana, Social Construction .


This article argues that at least very many judgments of homology rest on prior attributions of selected‐effect (SE) function, and that many of the "parts" of biological systems that are rightly classified as homologous are constituted by (are so classified in virtue of) their consequence etiologies. We claim that SE functions are often used in the prior identification of the parts deemed to be homologous and are often used to differentiate more restricted homologous kinds within less restricted ones. In doing so, we discuss recent criticism of this view that has been offered (especially that offered by Paul Griffiths).


Policy persistence refers to the tendency of the political process to maintain policies once they have been introduced. This paper develops a theory of policy persistence based on the idea that policies create incentives for bene ̄ciaries to take actions which increase their willingness to pay for these policies in the future. The theory is used to show that policy persistence may lead to \political failure", in the sense that policy sequences arising in political equilibrium can be Pareto dominated. In addition, the theory is used to provide an explanation as to why \policy conditionality" may have


NTRODUCTION AIDS as an incurable ailment is no stranger to humankind. Most healthconscious watchdogs, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNAIDS, have lobbied for aggressive AIDS campaigns to sensitize populations within sub-Saharan Africa on AIDS prevention interventions (Doka 1997; Sontag 1988).This paper examines the cognitive effects of metaphors and metonymies emerging from sexually explicit images and scary pictorial representations in AIDS posters among respondents in the Maseno Division of Kenya to establish whether sexually explicit AIDS posters can be culturally accepted in a region gravely affected by the AIDS pandemic (cf. Murano, 2009;Magonya, 2012). Maseno Division is located along the Kisumu-Busia highway connecting Kenya and Uganda. It is approximately 20 kilometers from Kisumu town, which is the headquarters of Nyanza province in Kenya. The estimated population of Maseno division is approximately 69,000, with the predominant linguistic groups being the Luo and Luhyia (cf. National Coordinating Agency for Population and Development, 2005). According to Sigot (2001) and the National Coordinating Agency for Population and Development (NCAPD2005), Nyanza province is the epicenter of heightened prevalence rates in Kenya. Besides this, the NACC (2012) comprehensive report on Kenya's AIDS epidemic states that Nyanza Province not only records the highest HIV prevalence rate at 13.9%, but also contributes to one third of new infections in Kenya. Further, the NCAPD posits that 35% of Kisumu county's population is HIV positive and the myriad of factors fuelling the heightened AIDS-related deaths in the region include complacency, retardedpace in behavior change due to cultural practices like wife inheritance, low condom use due to limited information on their usage, and inaccessibility of antiretrovirals to most seropositive persons. Stigmatisation of AIDS was evident among Maseno Division respondents during the data collection process, as some respondents refused to participate in our study because of an erroneous assumption that we had the intention of subjecting them to an HIV test after they completed the questionnaire.


The present investigation was undertaken to find out the best medium composition for medium-term preservation of disease free potato shoot tips in in vitro system. Thirteen potato genotypes and fourteen treatments were taken under consideration for the present experiment. Among fourteen treatments, mannitol and sorbitol containing media proved to be the best for medium-term preservation of potato shoot tips. High concentration of mannitol delayed root formation.


The application of Open CNC System based on motion control card in circuit board was discussed and the mechanical structure of circuit board engraving machine was introduced.The detailed description on the configuration of circuit board engraving machine and software design was given.The development of the economy numerical control system was introduced.


Objective: To evaluate the addition of blood flow restriction to passive mobilization in patients in the intensive care unit. Design: The study was a within-patient randomized trial. Setting: Two intensive care units in Belém, from September to October 2017. Subjects: In total, 34 coma patients admitted to the intensive care unit sector, and 20 patients fulfilled the study requirements. Interventions: All participants received the passive mobilization protocol for lower limbs, and blood flow restriction was added only for one side in a concurrent fashion. Intervention lasted the entire patient's hospitalization time. Main outcome measurement: Thigh muscle thickness and circumference. Results: In total, 34 subjects were enrolled in the study: 11 were excluded for exclusion criteria, 3 for death, and 20 completed the intervention (17 men and 3 women; mean age: 66 ± 4.3 years). Despite both groups presented atrophy, the atrophy rate was lower in blood flow restriction limb in relation to the control limb (–2.1 vs. –2.8 mm, respectively, in muscle thickness; P = 0.001). In addition, the blood flow restriction limb also had a smaller reduction in the thigh circumference than the control limb (–2.5 vs. –3.6 cm, respectively; P = 0.001). Conclusion: The use of blood flow restriction did not present adverse effects and seems to be a valid strategy to reduce the magnitude of the rate of muscle wasting that occurs in intensive care unit patients.


Styrene methyl acrylic acid copolymers (PSMAA) were synthesized by a suspension copolymerization with the different molecular weight and the content of methyl acrylic acid. The mechanical and the processing properties of PSM(AA copolymers were studied by tensile tester, impact testing machine and torque rheometer. The results show that: (1) both the glass transition temperature and the thermal stability increase with the increase of MAA content in PSMAA copolymer. (2)the tensile and impact strength enhance with the increase of either the MAA content or the molecular weight. (3) The processing properties of PSMAA copolymers are better, either molecular weight ( n) is in range of 1×10 5 and MAA content is 18 mol% or 2×10 5 molecular weight and 8 mol% MAA content.


Temperature measurement and monitoring are very important for most service and industrial applications. This paper presents the design of a remote-controlled microcontroller-based system. A multi-sensor/ multi-actuator system is proposed and the paper illustrates the steps for the design development. System simulation and the fabrication of a hardware prototype are both presented. Design alternatives are described, and emphasization on the choice of the economical and reliable ones are justified. The IR remote control unit, used in the hardware prototype as to replace keypad for the temperature setting, is described. Keywords— Automation; microcontroller; sensors; temperature control ; thermistor.


Discloses a driving circuit of the present invention prevent the luminance non-uniformity defects caused due to the threshold voltage non-uniformity of the crystalline silicon transistor, an organic light emission with a current in the program process (initialization) it can be prevented from flowing into the OLED display do. The invention disclosed is a gate terminal and a drain terminal connected to the first PMOS transistor, which supplies the difference between the data voltage and a threshold voltage; It is turned on according to the driving signal and the second PMOS transistor to supply the reset voltage to the drain terminal of the first PMOS transistor; Organic light emitting diodes are light-emitting amount is adjusted to control the amount of current and; And a fourth PMOS transistor, for supplying a control current to the organic light emitting diode; It said first characterized in that it comprises a third PMOS transistor connected to the drain terminal of the P MOS transistor and the gate terminal of the fourth PMOS transistor. Here, the first PMOS transistor and the fourth PMOS transistor have the same threshold voltage (Vth), said fourth P current flowing through the drain terminal of the MOS transistor is a voltage data is applied to the gate terminal, regardless of the threshold voltage component and it characterized in that the only difference between the control value of the supply voltage (VDD) is applied to the source terminal. Organic, OLED, transistors, the control, electric current, the initialization


Please cite this paper as: Meltzer S, Snyder J, Penrod J, Nudi M, Morin L. Gestational diabetes mellitus screening and diagnosis: a prospective randomised controlled trial comparing costs of one‐step and two‐step methods. BJOG 2010;117:407–415.


It is the purpose of this paper to present observations obtained with the aid of the electron microscope on the development of psittacosis virus in the embryonated egg. The first phase of the problem was to study the adsorption of virus on the cell surface and its subsequent penetration into t -ie cell. The development of the infectious process was then pursued by studying infected tissue disrupted by sonic vibration and infected allantoic fluids harvested after the growth cycle was completed.


A series of molecular dynamics computer simulations have been carried out on fully hydrated liquid crystalline dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers at constant surface areas corresponding to 59.3, 62.9, 65.5, or 68.1 A2/lipid, the range of values suggested by different experiments in different laboratories. Simulated quantities are compared with those from NMR (deuterium order parameters and contribution of molecular tilt to the order parameter), X-ray scattering (D-spacings and detailed density profiles), and partial molar volumes. The results strongly support the value of 62.9 A2/DPPC recently proposed by Nagle et al. (Biophys. J. 1996, 70, 1419) and demonstrate the feasibility of a combined experimental, and simulation-based approach for determining membrane structure.


The polymer field has been the source of both elegant discoveries and highly useful inventions. It has responded to three main driving forces: first, the 'push' provided by fundamental discoveries in physics and chemistry; secondly, the 'pull' provided by the needs of the electrical industry; and, thirdly, the 'feedback' of electrical discoveries and inventions into the field of polymer chemistry. Exciting prospects in the field of biology based on the ever-increasing sophistication of polymer chemistry lie ahead of us. As new knowledge and new needs emerge, we will have ample opportunity to continue bringing electrical technology and polymer science together in ways that surely would have made Lord Kelvin proud.


The paper introduces TAG, a hypergraph data model for the modeling and processing of text. The features of a hypergraph allow for an inclusive and idiomatic approach to humanities text, and support a wide range of research perspectives. Furthermore, editing texts as hypergraphs gives touches upon pivotal issues regarding our understanding of text.


The utility model discloses an identity recognition system for the injured of a battle field. The system is applied to a frontline battle field or a search and rescue field and used for searching and rescuing the injured and acquiring injury information. The system comprises multiple sets of identity recognition identification devices, a positioning device, a radio frequency recognition device and a server system. The identity recognition identification devices are electronic neck straps which can be worn on the injured. Identity recognition, inquiry, verification and information management of the injured are performed on the electronic neck straps worn on the injured via the radio frequency recognition device. Meanwhile, the injured can be monitored and tracked via the positioning device, and identity information acquired in real time is transmitted to the server system via a wireless network. The information of the injured is displayed via external monitoring display equipment so that the state of illnesses of the injured can be managed and controlled, medical care personnel can be quickly arranged for treatment preparation, and thus treatment and nursing can be quickly performed on the injured. Search and rescue efficiency and cure efficiency of the medical care personnel are substantially enhanced.


This article focuses on one material object: a typewriter on which Western Treaty 8 was recorded in 1899. Following the typewriter allows a close reading of the material practices of colonialism in Canada's northwest, affords us an opportunity to interrogate how international legal authority is mediated through objects, and shows how objects provide opportunities to resist and contest colonial authority.


This study was conducted to investigate the influence of affect on occurrence of slip and mistake in reading. Thirty college students participated, and were equally assigned to one of three affect groups, anxious, angry, or happy. Each affect was induced by false feedback of social adaptation test. The participants then uttered presented words which consisted of affective words (the affective words for presentation) and non-affective words similar to affective words not used as the affective words for presentation(the manipulated words), and chose the correct meaning of each word. The number of errors and response time for utterrance in the manipulated words were measured. Three participants not induced expected affect were excluded from this analysis. It was found that more number of error (slip) occurred and response time was shorter in anxious group than happy. It was suggested that anxious persons tended to have a difficulty with attentional control so that many errors (slips) were occurred.


Abstract This study examines the extent to which women are represented among the world's highly cited researchers (HCRs) and explores their representation over time and across fields, regions, and countries. The study identifies 11,842 HCRs in all fields and uses Gender-API, Genderize.Io, Namsor, and the web to identify their gender. Women's share of HCRs grew from 13.1% in 2014 to 14.0% in 2021; however, the increase is slower than that of women's representation among the general population of authors. The data show that women's share of HCRs would need to increase by 100% in health and social sciences, 200% in agriculture, biology, earth, and environmental sciences, 300% in mathematics and physics, and 500% in chemistry, computer science, and engineering to close the gap with men. Women's representation among all HCRs in North America, Europe, and Oceania ranges from 15% to 18%, compared to a world average of 13.7%. Among countries with the highest number of HCRs, the gender gap is least evident in Switzerland, Brazil, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States and most noticeable in Asian countries. The study reviews factors that can be seen to influence the gender gap among HCRs and makes recommendations for improvement.


We report on using the synthetic aminoadamantane-CH2-aryl derivatives 1-6 as sensitive probes for blocking M2 S31N and M2 WT channels as well as virus replication in cell culture. The binding kinetics for M2 S31N channel are very dependent on the length between the adamantane moiety and the first ring of the aryl head group realized in 2 and 3, and the girth and length of the adamantane adduct realized in 4 and 5. Study of 1-6 show that, according to MD simulations and MM-PBSA calculations, all bind in the M2 S31N channel with the adamantyl group positioned between V27 and G34 and the aryl group projecting out of the channel with the phenyl (or isoxazole in 6) embedded in the V27 cluster. In this outward binding configuration, an elongation of the ligand by only one methylene in rimantadine 2, or using diamantane as well as triamantane insetad of adamantane in 4 and 5, respectively, causes an incomplete entry and facilitates exit, abolishing effective block compared to the amantadine derivatives 1 and 6. In the active M2 S31N blockers 1 and 6, the phenyl and isoxazolyl head groups achieve a deeper binding position, corresponding to high kon / low koff and high kon / high koff measured rate constants, compared to inactive 2-5, which have much lower kon and higher koff. Compounds 1-5 each block the M2 WT channel by binding in the longer area from V27 - H37, in the inward orientation, with high kon and low koff rate constants. Infection of cell cultures by influenza virus containing M2 WT or M2 S31N is inhibited by 1-5 and 1-4, and 6 respectively. While 1 and 6 block infection through the M2 block mechanism in the S31N variant, 2-4 may block M2 S31N virus replication in cell culture through the lysosomotropic effect, just as chloroquine is thought to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection.


In order to recognize shaft orbits exactly and quickly, a novel recognition method based on Walsh spectrum and support vector machine is proposed in this paper. Firstly, distance vector between the point on the shaft orbit and its center is calculated and obtained. Secondly, the distance vector is transformed by Walsh orthogonal matrix, and obtained Walsh spectrum has property of invariance to rotation, scaling and translation. Thirdly, Walsh spectrum, as feature of shaft orbit, is trained by support vector machine, and classifying functions are obtained. Finally, the remaining samples are tested by the classifying functions, and experimental results are encouraging which demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.


The physics regarding the retention and mobilization of colloids in saturated and unsaturated conditions remains poorly understood, partially because of the inability to measure colloid concentrations in situ. In this study, we attached Cd+2 ions to clay colloids and used synchrotron X rays to cause the Cd to fluoresce. By measuring the fluorescence and attenuation of the X rays we obtained simultaneous in situ water saturations and colloid concentrations on timescales of tens of seconds. We used this technique to study the transport of colloids consisting of Na and Ca Montmorillonite clays through a preferential flow path in uniform well‐sorted sand. This flow path had both saturated and unsaturated zones that travel downward with time. We found that the Na colloids showed little retention in the sand, while the Ca colloids were retarded with respect to the wetting front. By comparing the results to those obtained by infiltrations with a Cd solute we find that the retention of the colloids seen in the unsaturated portion of the column was no greater than that seen in the saturated portion. We discussed the advantages and limitations of this X‐ray fluorescence technique and the implications for colloid transport.


What is popular music to Slovene listeners? How is it conceived of in terms of vocabulary, and what can be said of the political potential of its aesthetic instance? In the field of Slovene popular music and audience research, these issues have thus far remained un(der)explored. Nevertheless, they need to be addressed: if carefully contextualized, looking into the questions of what popular music signifies, and is connected with, for different Slovene audiences points to the cultural meaning-assigning power-play at work. Bearing this issue in mind, the text attempts to provide a contextually informed overview of how Slovene popular music audiences of different—inductively singled out—age groups conceive of the aesthetics of Slovenian popular music. The text analyzes 150 semi-structured interviews with popular music audiences in Slovenia, conducted in 2012 as part of the HERA POPID project. It employs a Bakhtinian conceptual framework and attempts to locate the aesthetic coordinates of popular music discourse in Slovenia, arguing that the aesthetic moment might offer a possibility of escaping stabilized connections between popular music, nation, identity, and ideology.


In this paper, a fast finite-time consensus protocol for multi-agent systems with nonholonomic constraints is studied. First, the chained form nonholonomic systems are transformed into two subsystems, which are the first-order subsystem and the reduced-order subsystem. Based on graph theory content and fast finite-time control theory, the fast finite-time consensus problems of the two subsystems are taken into consideration separately. Second, a switching control strategy is proposed to ensure that all states of multiple nonholonomic systems converge instantly to the same state in finite time. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.


The five-port automatic network analyzer based upon a new concept has been tested in the 26-37.5 GHz range. Analyzer consists of a symmetrical cross-shaped junction and three directional detectors from the scalar reflectometer. An experimental waveguide cross-shaped junction has been designed and used in a five-port measurement system. Validation of moving loads with |Γ|<;0.7 resulted in errors |Γ|≤10%,Δθ ≤ ±10°.


The acceleration of ultrarelativistic electrons by a high-intensity laser wave field in a noncolinear inverse FEL is investigated analytically. The derivation of the basic equations is explained in detail; expressions for the acceleration rate are obtained; and some numerical results are presented in tables and graphs. The parameter values determined for an Nd laser in the low-energy regime include wave amplitude at focus 3 GV/m, wiggler-field amplitude 0.5 T, wiggler period 1.1-2.9 cm, wiggler length 4 m, equilibrium phase 3pi/4, initial electron energy 40 MeV, final electron energy 100 MeV, and average acceleration rate 15 MeV/m. The advantages of the noncolinear configuration (e.g., higher acceleration efficiency and simpler construction) are indicated. 9 references.


The problem in this study is how the constructivism approach can improve students' understanding of integer operations. The methodology used in this study is the Classroom Action Research Method (CAR) using the Kemis and Mc. Taggart, namely: planning, (planning), the implementation of actions (actions), observation (observation) and reflection (reflection). PTK is used through 2 cycles and 4 actions. The subject of the research was the fourth grade students of SDN 4 Galanggang, Batujajar Subdistrict, West Bandung Regency, the theory used in this study was the theory of Piaget and Brunner. Both theories are very relevant to the constructivism approach used in this study, the constructivism approach is an approach to teaching and learning that positions students as individuals who actively construct their own knowledge through experience from the surrounding environment. With the constructivism approach applied the teacher acts as a facilitator, motivator and mediator for students. Improved understanding and activity of students is shown by changes in scores and changes in the average score of students from the first cycle to the second cycle that is from 71.62 to 83.78. Besides that, an increase in student understanding and activity can also be seen from the average normalized gain of 0.36 for the first cycle to the second cycle. In addition to increased understanding, students also showed a positive response to the constructivism learning approach seen from the results of the questionnaire that most (75.67%) students gave positive responses


patient made a good recovery. The bladder-drainage-tube, which was retained for the purpose of rendering the section of the prostate permanent, was changed several times, but was not finally removed until six weeks after the operation. The patient left the infirmary shortly afterwards, apparently well, but with a sinus through which urine passed in small quantities. Considering the time the drainagetube had been retained, I did not attach any importance to this ; and, guided by other experiences, assured the patient that the wound would soon heal. After leaving, though he returned to his work, his bladder never quite recovered itself; the wound did not entirely close, and he suffered more or less at times from cystitis. This led me to think the bladder was sacculated, but I could detect nothing more. In August, 1885, my house-surgeon, Dr. Bristow, sounded him, and thought he felt another stone. On a subsequent examination, I confirmed this diagnosis; and, on September 12th, 1885, I again performed lateral lithotomy for him on the old line, in the course of which there was a small sinus remaining from the previous operation. Surgeon-General Mackinnon, C. B., and Dr. Frank, of Cannes, were piesent. The operation was perfectly easy, the access to the bladder being greatly improved ; for, on this occasion, the largest staff could be readily passed. I removed a stone, which, with its encrusting shell of friable phosphates, weighed one ounce. A double bladder-drainage-tube was inserted, and retained for a few days. The patient was up on the twenty-tbird day, and left the infirmary exactly five weeks after the operation, with the wound soundly healed, and all the functions of the bladder entirely restored. He has since reported himself as remaining quite well. There is now no prostatic bar nor residual urine. I was somewhat puzzled at first to explain satisfactorily the course of events in this case. I have mentioned the various processes employed at the first operation, so far as improving the entrance into the bladder was concerned, for the purpose of showing how thorough an examination of the viscus was necessarily made, both by the finger and by different kinds of instruments. It seemed almost impossible that a stone, however sacculated, could, under these circumstances, have escaped detection. Still, on the other hand, considering that the wound never entirely closed after the first operation, and that, in the interval, the patient was never free from signs of vesical irritation, it seemed probable that the whole of the stone had not in the first instance been removed. A careful examination of a section of the stone itself further convinced me that this was the case. If the mass of calculous material removed at the second operation be carefully examined, it will be seen to consist, as geologists would say, of two different strata: the inner portion or nucleus, of the size of a flattened French prune, evidently belongs to the same period and formatiois as the calculi removed at the first operation; the outer friable crust of phosphate being of recent production. I have no hesitation in concluding that a stone, of considerable size, escaped detection and removal at the time of the first operation, even in spite of all the precautions which the state of the prostate prompted. As I have now performed lithotomy close upon one hundred times, in children and adults, in about equal proportion, with a mortality of four or five per cent., I think I may plead that both experience and care proved unequal on this occasion in avoiding a contingency, which, had death happened after the first operation, might have exposed one less accustomed to operate for stone than myself to unDjust obloquy. and criticism. Hence my desire, apart from the general interest of the case, to record it. One circumstance afforded me considerable satisfaction, and that was my being able to ascertain, beyond all reasonable doubt, how feasible it is permanently to improve the condition of the large prostate by its section, as already referred to, in cases uncomplicated with stone. One great objection I have urged against the suprapubic operation for stone is, that it prevents anythingfrom being done to improve the condition of the large prostate, when this complication is present, and to obviate recurring symptoms, which may continue, though no stone is left to account for them. Mr. C. Williams, of Norwich, has recently published a case (BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, June 15th, l 878, and November 14th, 1885), which adds importantly to our knowledge relative to operative procedures on the large prostate. It was an instance where he operated twice for stone, in a patient over seventy years of age. On the first occasion, the whole of the middle lobe of an enlarged prostate was removed, and, subsequently, another stone, by lateral lithotomy. Referring to what had previously been done, Mr. Williams remarks: "The next point is the condition of the floor of the bladder. Two years and a half had elapsed since the part was removed, and no further growth from the prostate had taken place. The wound made by such removal had healed, and the floor of the bladder was soft, even, and natural." Reverting to my own case: in the improved state of the outlet from the bladder may be found the explanation as to how it happened that the, sacculus or depression, which concealed the stone and rendered a second operation necessary, got rid of its occupant, and led to the bladder again resuming its normal shape and function. I do not think there can be any doubt that, of the various causes which -g about sacculation and changes in the shape of the bladder, anytlliiu8 which permanently obstructs micturition is the most fertile ; and, in the recognition of this explanation, we have the best indication for the correction of this lesion. The case I have narrated serves to illustrate this point. It may be doubted whether a bladder is capable of becoming so completely sacculated as to conceal a large stone from detection. One of the best specimens, illustrating the possibility of this, I casually met with in the Museum of Queen's College, Birmingham, on a recent visit. As to the frequency of relapses in cases of stone, Mr. Williams states, in reference to the practice at the Norwich Hospital ("The Relapse of Stone after Lithotomy," Lancet, May 18th, 1878): " This makes a total of 28 relapses in 1,015 operations (lithotrities and operations on females included), between 1772 and 1869, a period of ninety-seven years ; and gives a proportion of one in 36, or, ill 935 lithotomies (lateral and median), one in 33. All the patients were males, no instance of recurrence having shown itself in the female. In one case, a sacculated calculus was left undetected in the bladder, and removed with a loose one at a second operation." The case referred to in the last paragraph seems similar to the one I bave related. In connection with Mr. Williams's statistics relative to relapses ot stone, it must be remembered that they are drawn from a locality where calculous disorders may be said to be endemic ; consequently, if a larger area be taken, we may conclude that the proportion of recurrences is still less-a conclusion which my own experience would warrant. Amongst the causes favouring the reproduction of stone, I believe the large prostate is a very common one; and it seems to bring this about, so far as my observation has gone, in two ways. In the first place, persons who may have been in the habit of voiding for a considerable number of years renal calculi, find, after a certain age has been attained, that they cease doing so, and continued vesical irritation follows the attack of renal colic. The explanation lies in the fact that their prostates have enlarged ; and thus stones, which previously escaped spontaneously, become practically trapped. I frequently r-move from the bladder, by crushing, small uric acid calculi formed under these circumstances. In the second place, the large prostate, by permanently altering the shape of the outlet from the bladder, and thus causing urine to be constantly retained, engenders a state of continued cystitis and of excessive mucous secretion, which are the invariable preliminaries to the -formation of phosphatic stones. In these directions may be often found explanations for the recurrence of stone ininstances where there cannot be the least doubt that the primary formations had, on a previous occasion, been completely removed, either by lithotomy or by lithotrity.


This paper presents a neural network classifier based on fuzzy ARTMAP with conflict-resolving strategy. The proposed model explicitly resolves overlaps among prototypes of different classes through deploying a contraction procedure in the network, therefore, improving its generalization. Compared with other existing methods, the model has the priority of intuition and no parameter tuning. The performance of the model is evaluated using several benchmark data sets. The comparisons with original fuzzy ARTMAP model and other classifiers indicate that the proposed classifier achieves competitive performance.


The report examines the following aspects of the coal mining industry in Oklahoma: source of coal information; coal resources; coal mining operating costs; reclamation law; coal mining employment analysis; and coal distribution and potential uses.


Summary: A computerized method of acquiring and analyzing rest and exercise test 12‐lead electrocardiographic and three‐dimensional lead vectorcardiographic data before and after cardiac rehabilitations is described. Fourteen coronary heart disease patients were exercise tested before and after a mean of five months of aerobic exercise training. The only significant ST‐segment improvements were found in three‐dimensional space. Spatial measurements should be considered in the assessment of electrocardiographic changes secondary to exercise training.


When I was asked to review this book, I wondered why an entire volume of the Progress in Neurological Surgery series has been devoted to Japanese experience with gamma knife radiosurgery. The answer as explained in the preface is that approximately one fifth of the Gamma Knives in operation worldwide are in Japan, and approximately one quarter of patients undergoing gamma knife radiosurgery in the world are treated in Japan. Anyone who is interested in stereotactic radiosurgery would be aware of the high quality publications by Japanese radiosurgeons. What is unique about these publications is the meticulously recorded long-term clinical and radiological follow-up, which according to the editor's preface has been possible because of lower Medicare costs in Japan compared to western countries, but in my view also reflects the dedication of Japanese neurosurgeons to research and innovation. Such long-term follow-up data from Japan has been invaluable in assessing the benefits but also the potential complications of stereotactic radiosurgery. An example of this was the publication of long term radiological follow-up data in 1996 by Professor Yamamoto, which alerted us to the risks of delayed cyst formation following Gamma knife radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations. The first chapter provides a fascinating account of the history of gamma knife radiosurgery in Japan. The first gamma knife was installed in Japan in 1990 and by 2004 this number grew to 45, with more than 10,000 patients treated in 2003! These are astonishing figures when compared to other countries where the expansion of stereotactic radiosurgery services has been much slower. This chapter also outlines the factors which have influenced the progress in Gamma Knife radiosurgery over the years including development of newer models with improved planning software, exchange of information between neurosurgical units, and changes in reimbursement charges. These data would be of interest to neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, and health care commissioners involved in developing stereotactic radiosurgery in their units. The next chapter deals with dose selection for optimal treatment results and complication avoidance in patients with multiple brain metastases. Treatment of multiple brain metastases is a major growth area in stereotactic radiosurgery and this chapter analyses in detail the factors which may influence outcome following treatment, including patient factors (age and performance status), tumour factors (total volume and number of metastases) and treatment factors (Colombo's tumour control probability and Flickinger's normal tissue complication probability). The following chapters report the experience of Japanese neurosurgeons with gamma knife radiosurgery for different cerebral pathologies. These include well established indications such as arteriovenous malformations, vestibular schwannomas, skull base meningiomas, and brain metastases; as well as more controversial indications such as cerebral cavernous malformations, dural arteriovenous fistulae, and intracranial gliomas. In each chapter results from leading Japanese gamma knife radiosurgery centres are presented with good followup data and detailed reporting of outcome data and complications. What is particularly impressive is the detailed analysis of results in different subgroups of patients. For example the chapter on AVMs reports the impact of AVM size ( 1, 1–4, 4–10, and 410 cm), pre-radiosurgery embolisation and dose planning refinements on AVM obliteration rates. In addition, latent period rebleeding, delayed cyst formation, and the results following repeat radiosurgery have been reported. Similarly, the chapter on vestibular schwannomas reports tumour control rates for tumours of different sizes, as well as rates of facial nerve preservation, hearing preservation, and vestibular function. These subgroup analyses and long-term follow-up results are of great value to neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists when counseling patients with regards to the best management option for their disease. One chapter reports the results of stereotactic radiosurgery in 100 patients with craniopharyngiomas treated in one centre and followed up for a median of 63 months, with an analysis of the factors which predict outcome following stereotactic radiosurgery. The difficulties encountered when treating this challenging condition have been outlined, and British Journal of Neurosurgery, December 2009; 23(6): 639–640


This invention relates to a process for the polymeriza tion of monomers containing a terminal ethylenic group and a boron or aluminum atom, and also the polymeric products obtained thereby. More specifically, this inven tion relates to the addition-polymerization of such mono mers catalyzed by a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a transition metal compound in an intermediate valency State. Unsuccessful attempts have been made to prepare poly mers of alkenyl boron and alkenyl aluminum compounds. Because of the boron or aluminum content of such poly mers, it is believed they would be very useful in high energy fuels for propelling missiles, rockets, etc. In view of the reactivity of the metal contained therein, such monomers necessarily require polymerization conditions which will not remove the metal during the course of the polymerization. It has now been found that compounds containing boron or aluminum and an alkenyl radical which has a terminal ethylenic group, that is a vinyl group, therein can be polymerized by the addition polymerization of the vinyl group effected by a heterogeneous catalyst compris ing a transition metal compound in an intermediate va lency state. The monomeric materials used in the practice of this invention are those having the formula


Negotiation is not only the way lawyers determine what one will pay another in a traditional sale of an asset; it is also the method by which the great share of lawsuits are resolved. Because lying is private activity and because it is often richly rewarded, negotiation is a welcoming environment for a liar. This welcome is enhanced by the fact that deception, short of lying, is permissible and, indeed, at the heart of much negotiation. Worse, because the line between permissible deception and impermissible lying about material matters is indistinct, a liar can readily rationalize his behavior as permissible even when an objective person would find otherwise....


Culture is an important subject in comparative education research,as the understanding of meaning of "culture" effects research method and theory of comparative education.The meaning of "culture" has shifted many times in comparative education research: from controlled variable in comparative education by positivism researcher in early period to important factors for searching the development of education,from initial constraint in educational policy to an explanatory context for searching meaning of human behaviors.Nowadays,we need to ponder the meaning of "culture" in comparative education research under the multicultural ideological trend.


Recent technological advances have dramatically lowered the cost of transmitting information over large distances. In the late 1990s, the New York Times implemented a national distribution strategy, expanding delivery in over 100 cities. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data on local newspaper circulation, Times penetration, and local newspapers characteristics, we find that as Times circulation grows in a market, local newspaper circulation declines among college-educated readers. Local newspapers reposition toward local and away from national coverage, raising circulation among individuals without a degree. Availability of national newspapers in local markets changes the relationship between local preferences and local products.


The purpose of this paper is to establish a framework of the information system design for the distribution management in the confectionery industry. First, we present the characteristics of distribution information system and the distribution information flow in the confectionery industry. Next, we present a sketch of the computer-communication system as the mechanism for improving communication within the distribution system and design the subsystems of distribution information system. And we design the data structure for manipulating distribution information. Finally, we present the case study in which we design the distribution information system in the confectionery industry.


The title of the invention is use of motor protection system to assist in determining power plant metrics. Disclosed herein is an approach that uses a motor protection system (330) to assist in determining power plant metrics. In one aspect, a motor protection system (330) obtains operational data from motor-driven sub-processes operating (325) within a power plant (310). A controller (120) receives the operational data and determines power plant metrics that may include net power plant output and costs each of the motor-driven sub-processes has on the overall operation of the power plant (310). In another aspect, the controller (120) may partition the power metrics into one or more user-specified groupings for viewing thereof.