The soil P concentration commonly declines over time by organic management, if the farm does not acquire enough fertilisers or other inputs containing P from outside. An interesting source to supply farms with P is struvite (magnesium‐ammonium phosphate). This mineral easily precipitates when the concentrations of these nutrients is high enough, such as in a toilet separating urine. Struvite
may be produced in a wastewater treatment plant, as a method to reduce the P concentration in the water reaching the recipient. If struvite is allowed as a mineral fertiliser in the general fertiliser regulation of the European Union,which is currently under revision, this mineral may be allowed also in certified organic agriculture. A wastewater treatment plant in Hamar (south‐eastern Norway), Hedmarken inter‐municipal
wastewater corporation (Hias IKS) has developed a patented method to precipitate struvite efficiently. A sample of struvite produced by this process at Hias was sent to Tingvoll (north‐western Norway) to be tested in an experimental field with perennial ley, called "SoilEffects". This experiment, established in 2011, is used to study the effect on yields and soil characteristics when the slurry from the farm's herd of organic dairy cows is anaerobically digested to produce biogas before being applied as fertiliser. Non‐digested and digested slurry are compared in two levels of manure application, low and high (30 or 60 tons of slurry per ha and year), and with a control with no manure application. Eight replicates are available of each treatment, and to half of these plots, struvite was applied shortly before the slurry was applied, in the end of April 2018. We applied an amount of struvite corresponding to 40 kg P per ha. Before the application, soil samples had been
collected from two depths, to study the effect of struvite on soil characteristics. Yields of ley were recorded in the two cuts, which occurred in June and August. The yield level at the 1st cut was generally low due to drought, but the increase in yield was significant with application of
struvite in the plots receiving no manure, and with low manure application. At the 2nd cut, yield levels
were generally higher, and again a positive effect of struvite was found in these treatments. On average, the total yield (sum of yields at the 1st and 2nd cut) was 2.4 tons of dry matter (DM) per ha with no application of manure or struvite, and 4.1 with application of struvite. In treatments receiving a low amount of manure, the mean total yield was 5 tons per ha with no struvite, and 6 tons with struvite application. In treatments receiving high amounts of manure, the mean total yield was 6.4
tons per ha without struvite, and 6.2 with struvite.
The concentrations of minerals in aboveground plant material from both cuts were analysed, and
new soil samples collected after the 2nd cut of ley. Application of struvite increased the P concentrations in plant material and the concentration of AL‐extractable P in soil. Struvite further increased the concentration of magnesium in plant material and soil. Soil pH increased from spring to autumn by application of manure, but the application of struvite reduced this effect. The amount
of P being adsorbed to oxides of iron and aluminium in the experimental soil from a solution containing dissolved phosphate was also recorded. The soil has a certain amount of such oxides, and long‐term application of P in manure, as well as application of P in struvite, could possibly reduce the amount of P being adsorbed from the solution. However, no significant differences were found between soils which had received low or high amounts of manure over several years, and we did not find any effect of struvite application on this characteristic in this soil.


U.S. production of natural gas is expected to increase from 20 TCF/year in 2008 to approximately 23 TCF by 2035, with most of this growth projected to come from expansion of shale gas plays (Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook, 2010). The bulk of the production, however, will continue to come from sandstone reservoirs, with tight gas sandstones contributing about 19% of the total daily production (Oil and Gas Investor, 2005).


Actuator for a split stabilizer of a motor vehicle, consisting of a switchable coupling unit (8) that rotationally fixed on the one hand connected to an outer rotary member having a stabilizer portion (4) having an inner rotating part that rotationally fixed on the other hand with another stabilizer part (5) in compound stands, and with a locking piston (20) which rotatably locks the outer rotating part and the inner rotary part in one position and opens in a different position for a predetermined radial path of rotation, characterized in that on the axis of the switchable coupling unit (8) thereof isolated as a rotary damper formed hydraulic damping unit (9) is arranged, which is connected firstly to one stabilizer part (4) and secondly to the other stabilizer part (5) and the at least one pressure chamber (32) and a suction chamber (33) forms, with the damping unit (9) in the locked position of the switchable Clutch (8) assumes a blocking position and in the open position of the switchable clutch (8) an effective damping of relative rotational movement between the ...


The relevance of the current research is caused by the need of knowledge about the high resolution ro-vibrational spectra of the symmetric top molecules, which is an essential doorway towards the understanding of the fundamental physical properties of this type of molecules. For that reason an experimental spectrum of CH 3F molecule was measured for the first time with the high resolution and analyzed in the range of 2400-2800 cm -1. Estimation method for the values of spectroscopic parameters was used to describe numerous resonance interactions between the states v 2+v 6(E) and v 5+v 6(A 1,E), which are the subject of the present research. The main aim of the study is theoretical description of the experimental high-resolution spectra of the trifluoromethane molecule in the range of infrared bands v 2+v 6(E) and v 5+v 6(A 1,E); the resonance interaction parameters between mentioned states are estimated and found out fitting procedure as well as the spectroscopic parameters describing the spectrum structure. The methods used: methods of the Fourier-transform high resolution spectroscopy, methods of quantum mechanics, methods of the irreducible tensorial sets theory, model of the effective ro-vibrational hamiltonian operators. The results obtained. The high-resolution spectrum of methyl fluoride molecule was registered in the spectral region of 2400-2800 cm -1 for the first time. The structure of the ro-vibrational bands v 2+v 6(E) and v 5+v 6(A 1,E) was described with the model of effective ro-vibrational operators. The author has obtained the set of spectroscopic parameters, which defines the structure of the spectrum. The resonance interactions between the different states are included in the model. The results obtained can be further used for describing the highly excited ro-vibrational states of the molecule as well as for more applied problems of atmospheric optics.


Background: Patients with drug-resistant HIV often require complex antiretroviral regimens. However, combining fixed-dose combination tablets such as tenofovir–disoproxil–fumarate, emtricitabine, and cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir (TDF/FTC/EVG/cobi) with darunavir (DRV) can provide a simple, once-daily (QD), 2-tablet regimen for patients with drug-resistant HIV. Primary objective was to determine the percentage of patients with HIV-1 RNA <40 copies/mL at 48 weeks. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients initiated on TDF/FTC/EVG/cobi plus DRV. Results: Among the 21 included patients, prior resistance showed a median of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations, 1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase mutation, and 1 protease inhibitor mutation. At week 48, 14 (67%) patients achieved HIV-1 RNA <40 copies/mL, 1 patient experienced viral rebound, and 6 (29%) had missing data or discontinued therapy. No patient discontinued for adverse events. Conclusion: According to this observational study, QD TDF/FTC/EVG/cobi plus DRV is considered safe, well tolerated, and generally effective in suppressing HIV drug-resistant virus.


I once heard of an Australian man in France, who had an amazing memory. He could remember large numbers of words. He succeeded in memorizing a whole English-French dictionary. If someone asked him the meaning of a word, he could tell them. However,


The paper addresses the design of laboratory test rig of wind turbine's tower-nacelle model with horizontally aligned magnetorheological tuned vibration absorber. Several model constraints are fulfilled. Test rig design is featured and described. Its main elements are: vertical stiff rod (a tower) and a system of steel plates and blocks that is fitted rigidly at rod's top (a nacelle), connected horizontally via a spring and MR damper with an additional mass of vibration absorber. The nacelle is excited horizontally, forcing tower bending modes of vibration. The rod itself may be either fitted rigidly at its bottom to the ground and excited horizontally at an arbitrary height by the second shaker, or laid on the steel plate being excited horizontally.


The invention relates to a document comprising a security element (102) and an optical element (108). The security element is arranged in front of the optical element, and the optical element for checking the security element can be switched between at least first and second optical states. The security element can be optically checked in only one of the first and second states.


The tourism and leisure industry has become one of the vital and strategic industries in the nation's development. If tourism and leisure can improve customer satisfaction while promoting service quality , it can be efficient in building stronger customer loyalty ,winning new customers and keeping existing customers coming back. Therefore , the purpose of this research is to explore and discuss various major influence of service quality and the effect of customer behavior's intention depending on customer satisfaction. The research is also to explore and analyze the variation of behavioral intentions through the service quality and personal characteristics of a recent management model. Take a case study of Nan Yoan Garden Resort Farm at Lioujia area, Tainan City. The study uses open-ended questionnaire, purposive sampling and convenience sampling to collect date from visitors at Nan Yoan Garden Resort Farm and does an empirical study. The analysis results indicate: (1) Service quality has a significant positive effect upon customer satisfaction. (2) Service quality has a significant positive effect upon customer loyalty. (3) Customer satisfaction has a significant effect upon customer loyalty. (4) Personal characteristic has no significant correlation on customer loyalty, despite that one intervening variable, personal income, has a slightly positive effect on customer loyalty.


This paper presents Air-Filled Substrate Integrated Waveguide (AFSIW) intended for the design of high performance and low-cost systems based on multilayer Printed Circuit Board (PCB) process. The top and bottom layer may make use of an extremely low-cost standard substrate such as FR-4 on which base-band or digital circuits can be implemented so to obtain a self-packaged and compact millimeter-wave integrated system.


This paper is concerned with a three-dimensional numerical analysis of trajectories of bubbles and solid particles entrained in Francis water turbines. The trajectories were determined by numerical integration of a equations of motion of a particle in the water, which was calculated by a finite element method under the assumption of a potential flow. The trajectories of the bubbles concentrate on the suction side near the crown and the pressure side near the band of the runner vane. The solid particles flow down along the band surface, and tend to collide with the pressure side of the vane at high speed.


The application of ultraviolet spectrometry in characteristics analysis of quality of ageing brandy is reported firstly .The result shows that ultraviolet spectrum of ageing brandy is red-shift.


This paper presents an overview of some recent developments in and policy issues relating to integrated transport systems in the European Union (EU). Both goods and passenger transport systems are considered in the context of actions recently undertaken and supported by the EU. The paper considers the very general background of these systems at the EU scale and offers insights into some recent successful and promising policy, real-life, and research attainments. In addition, it attempts to identify some directions for future actions in fields such as transport policy, transport technology, transport economics and transport scenarios.


Fine image quality assessment of aerial imagery, obtained for mapping purposes, is a relevant problem today. The purpose of this article is development the criteria system of fine image quality assessment of aerial topographic imagery and set requirements to them. The article discusses a set of factors that determine the fine image quality - natural surveying conditions, its technical and technological conditions and parameters. The article carries out the analysis of how these factors influence on aerial imagery and shows the main defects of images caused by them – such as blurring, haze, loss of information in highlights and shadows, high random noise, color disbalance. The article defines the ways for identifying these defects and assessing their influence on the fine quality of aerial imagery both visual and automatic methods. It is shown that image fine quality assessment must be carried out in terms of structural and gradation (photographic) characteristics. It is also shown that, in addition to the above characteristics, fine quality of aerial images can be influenced by random factors, the appearance of which cannot be predicted. Defects caused by these factors are revealed by operator's visual inspection. The requirements for several fine image quality criteria, which allow to establish this research phase, are given.


The brain is the highest organ which takes care of all higher-order information processing. It controls flexible thinking, emotion, distributed memory, and moreover our consciousness. On the other hand, the computer is the highest artificial system produced by the modern technology. How are related those two highest systems, the brain and computer?.


This paper discusses a qualitative participatory action research study, which examined the nature of the cohort learning experience in an online master's program, from both faculty and student perspectives. After describing this online master's program in adult education designed from a social constructivist theoretical frame, this paper discusses two primary areas of findings related to cohort learning. First, were those related to the ongoing negotiation of the learning process: the importance of an opening residential; a consistent but flexible cohort structure; and building ongoing relationships. Second, were those related to the ongoing construction of knowledge: the role of team-teaching and the cohort model in transformative learning; the application of theory to real life practice, and the value of group support and collaboration in conducting research and constructing knowledge. Implications for practice are discussed.


This review has been background due to a plenty of moral destruction among society. This increasingly uncontrollable promiscuity has become very common behavior in society. In fact, almost all the time a lot of negative information has been customary content served by mass media both electronics and printed ones. Even more concerning is that it has penetrated the world of education. Children of the nation who still study at school not only become victims of addicts, but they actually involved also as well as being the real player. This condition not only unsettles the parents, the teachers and the community, but also disrupts the government. But strangely, until this moment the problem still carries on and has not been resolved clearly. The purpose of this study is to know or reveal the human personality contained in the Qur'an, especially QS. Al-Baqarah: 2-20 and its implications in education. After the research, the results obtained are that every human personality is different each other, there is a personality devout belivers, disobedient belevers and also hypocritical person. This personality differences are actually found also in the world of education. School in this case the board of teachers as a substitute parents to be the most responsible component to develop students' personality into better ones.


Umbelliferone (U), C9H60 3, Mr= 162.1, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 3 . 8 9 2 ( 1 ) , b = 11.022(2), c = 1 6 . 7 2 2 ( 3 ) A , /3= 90.58 (2) ° , V = 7 1 7 . 3 ( 3 ) A 3, Z =4, D m=1.50, D x= 1 . 5 0 M g m -3, ; I , (CuKa)= 1.5418/k, a = 1.114 mm -1, F(000) = 336, T = 298 K, R = 0 . 0 4 2 for 1255 observed reflexions. 7-Ethoxycoumarin (7-O-ethylumbelliferone; U7E), C l t H l 0 0 3 , Mr= 190.2, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 4 . 0 0 1 (1), b = 9.770(2), c = 2 4 . 2 1 3 (3)A, /3= 93.12 (2) ° , V = 945.1 (3)/~3, Z = 4, D m = 1.33, D x = 1.33 Mg m -3, 2(Cu K~t) = 1.5418/k, a = 0.934 mm -l, F(000) = 400, T = 298 K, R = 0.041 for 1691 observed reflexions. The coumarin moiety of U has a different resonance structure from coumarin itself, because the hydroxylation at the 7-position appears to change the resonance system of the coumarin moiety. The plane composed of the O C C atoms of the ethoxy group in U7E is 0108-2701/85/121786-04501.50 approximately coplanar with the mean plane of the coumarin moiety. The torsion angle around the CringOetho×y bond is 2 .6(3) ° , and such an 'in-plane' conformation causes the C O C angle of the ethoxy group to expand up to 117.7 (1) °. Introduetlon. It has been revealed that the structures of 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (esculetin: E; Ueno & Saito, 1977) and 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin (daphnetin: D; Ueno & Saito, 1976) are well explained in terms of the resonance system as shown in Fig. 1. The glucosidation at the 7-hydroxy group in esculetin (E7G; Ueno, Shiraki, Sato & Saito, 1985) or daphnetin (D7G; Ueno, Sato & Saito, 1983), significantly decreases the contribution of the limiting structure (II), while the glucosidation at the 6-hydroxy group (E6G; Ueno et al., 1985) or 8-hydroxy group (D8G; Ueno, Saito & © 1985 International Union of Crystallography


This paper takes Liao Ning province as an example and puts forward a suggestion to the economic transformation of our resource-depleting cities,based on lessons from the experiences at home and abroad.


The present invention relates to a laminating device and a laminating method, wherein the laminating device includes a first support for supporting a first substrate, a pressing roller which rotates while pressing the second surface of a second substrate with a first surface facing the first substrate and the second surface opposing first surface, and a pad which absorbs the second surface and has an air gap between the second surface and the pad. The pressing roller and the first support relatively moves in a horizontal direction so that the pressing roller can move toward the other end of the second substrate from one end thereof. The pad is located closer to the other end of the second substrate than the pressing roller.


The effects of three arginine-specific reagents on NO3 uptake were studied using corn seedlings (Zea mays L., Golden Cross Bantam). In the presence of borate, 0-25 mM 2,3-butanedione (BD) and 10 mM 1,2-cyclohexanedione (CHD) inhibited NO3 uptake by 76% and 68%, respectively, compared to the controls. However, in the absence of borate, only 18% and 38% inhibition was observed for 0-25 mM BD and 1-0 mM CHD, respectively. Similarly, 0-5 mM phenylglyoxal (PGO) resulted in 75% inhibition. The degree of inhibition of nitrate uptake exhibited a concentration-dependence with respect to the reagents. Corn seedlings are 2- or 3-fold more sensitive to BD than to PGO and CHD, respectively, presumably due to the unfavourable steric effects of the benzal ring. Uptake of NO3 was partially restored after removal of BD, CHD, and PGO from the uptake medium. No significant differences were observed for the ATPase and plasma membrane-associated vanadate-sensitive H+-ATPase or K+-stimulated ATPase activity in homogenates and microsomal fractions prepared from corn seedlings which had been incubated for 2 h in the presence or absence of 0-5 mM BD or 10 mM PGO. This suggests that inhibition of nitrate uptake by the arginine specific reagents was not caused by the indirect effect of their binding and inhibiting H+-ATPase. The fact that the arginine specific reagents strongly inhibit NOi" uptake indicates that the NO^ transport system has arginine residues at or near the active site.


Details of flow visualization, aerodynamic forces and pitching moment, static pressure and skin friction measurements have been carried out on a symmetrical aerofoil at fixed angle of incidence in longitudinal oscillations parallel to the uniform airstream of a wind-tunnel. This investigation shows weak unsteady effects at incidences below that of static stall. For higher incidences, strong unsteady effects appear and depend on the frequency and amplitude of the oscillations. The measurements indicate an overshoot of the instantaneous lift and drag which is explained by a strong vortex shedding process occurring during the dynamic stall encountered by the aerofoil in decelerated motion, as observed for profiles oscillating in pitch through stall. When the aerofoil is going forward in accelerated motion dynamic reattachment may be observed at very high incidence over a short part of the period of oscillation. Dynamic stall and dynamic reattachment contribute to a favourable effect of unsteadiness on the mean lift coefficient, which increases as compared to the steady state one, and which is expressed through an empirical formula involving incidence, frequency and amplitude of oscillations. At given incidence, optimization of this feature is achieved by matching the frequency and the amplitude of oscillation, respectively with the frequency linked with the highest peak of energy in the wake, and with the distance between two consecutive vortices in the mean wake when modelled as a von Kármán's vortex street.


Objective To study the relationship between gene polymorphism of apolipoprotein E and vascular dementia(VD)and analyze the potential role of ApoE played in pathogenesis of VD.Methods The genotype and frequencies of ApoE alleles were detected by PCR-RFLP(restriction fragment length polymor-phism)technique in65patients with VD(VD group)and120healthy controls(control group),and the serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL)and high density lipoprotein(HDL)were also measured.Re sults Genotypee3/3occurred the highest frequency in both VD group and control group,but patients with VD had a significantly higher frequency ofe4allele(14.6%)than that in con-trols(4.6%,P0.01).The serum level of TC in patients with VD was much higher than that in controls(P0.05).Allelee4was associated with increasing serum level of TC in VD group,whilee2allele was associated with decreasing serum levels of TC and LDL in control group.It demonstrated that there was association be-tweene4gene and increased level of TC.Con clu sion ApoEe4is a susceptible genetic factor for VD.There is metabolic disturbance of blood lipids in VD and it is modulated by Apo E gene.Thus Apo E may in-crease the pathogenic risk for VD through resulting in dysbolism of blood lipids.[


Ordinal categorical data (OCD), such as opinion rankings, are common in many areas of application. In the Air Force, Cooper-Harper ratings are used extensively for the assessment of Flying Qualities. OCD is not, however, a ratio-scale measurement and cannot be treated as ordinary numbers. Notwithstanding this, the ordinal scores are often regarded as ratio-scale and analyzed incorrectly using means and variances. A method of correct analysis of OCD leading to statistically valid hypothesis tests and based on a method of probability scoring or 'Ridits,' has found wide applicability for other large-data-set applications such as Epidemiology. This paper explains the use of Ridits and examines how we might effect a Ridit analysis on the often sparse data sets in many Flying Qualities applications. The method of this paper is to fit empirical Beta distributions to observed data, and then to use a randomization approach to make inferences on the difference between distributions based on a distance metric.


We present molecular dynamics simulations of equilibrium clusters in two-dimensional Lennard-Jones (6-12) gas near the gas-liquid coexistence curve and in the overcritical region. Different cluster selection criteria are considered. The influence of cluster types on nonideal gas properties and the characteristics of relaxation to equilibrium for clusters are discussed. The radial distribution function near the critical point and the dependence of binding energy per cluster particle on number of particles in the cluster are calculated


A set $A$ is MSTD (more-sum-than-difference) if $|A+A|>|A-A|$. Though MSTD sets are rare, Martin and O'Bryant proved that there exists a positive constant lower bound for the proportion of MSTD subsets of $\{1,2,\ldots ,r\}$ as $r\rightarrow\infty$. Later, Asada et al. showed that there exists a positive constant lower bound for the proportion of decompositions of $\{1,2,\ldots,r\}$ into two MSTD subsets as $r\rightarrow\infty$. However, the method is probabilistic and does not give explicit decompositions.
Continuing this work, we provide an efficient method to partition $\{1,2,\ldots,r\}$ (for $r$ sufficiently large) into $k \ge 2$ MSTD subsets, positively answering a question raised by Asada et al. as to whether this is possible for all such $k$. Next, let $R(k)$ be the smallest integer such that for all $r\ge R(k)$, $\{1,2,\ldots,r\}$ can be $k$-decomposed into MSTD subsets. We establish rough lower and upper bounds for $R(k)$. Lastly, we provide a sufficient condition on when there exists a positive constant lower bound for the proportion of decompositions of $\{1,2,\ldots,r\}$ into $k$ MSTD subsets as $r\rightarrow \infty$.


Surgical technique and results of surgical correction for substantial flexion contracture of the knee in 15 children with spina bifida or other spinal conditions with lower extremities paresis is presented. Extensive posterior capsulotomy, occasionally supplemented with posterior cruciate sectioning is necessary to correct considerable flexion contracture of the knee. The technique is also effective in congenital flexion contracture with no articular surfaces deformity. Serial redressing and casting are imperative in postoperative management.


The influence of a non-polar solvent, xylene, on the electrical properties of a system containing polypropylene, a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate and an organoclay has been considered, since the production of such materials may often involve exposure to a solvent. Although, in isolation, neither the organoclay nor the xylene has a marked effect on the dielectric response of the system, when combined, synergistic effects can be seen. We interpret this in terms of solvent-mediated relaxation of amphiphilic compatibilizer moieties introduced into the organoclay to aid processability. These local relaxation processes appear adversely to affect the AC breakdown strength of the system, which is recoverable upon the removal of xylene from the material.


Purpose of epidermal ridges of humans have been said to avoid slippage and to increase sensitivity of tactile perception. In the present study, meaning of detailed geometry of each epidermal ridge is investigated. First, cross-sectional geometry of epidermal ridges are measured using imprint material. It is found that the geometry of epidermal ridges are between that of arc and trapezoid. Then, finite element contact analyses between finger section model and a flat plate are conducted. It is found that normal contact forse distribution of human epidermal ridge is much uniform compared with those for arc and trapezoid. It is also found that rapid entire slippage of an epidermal ridge occurs when tangential traction is applied. Finally, eigen value analysis is conducted. It is found that eigen frequency of the epidermal ridges agrees with FA I mechanoreceptor's sensitive frequency.


In this paper, a novel lossy compression scheme for encrypted image based on image inpainting is proposed. In order to maintain confidentiality, the content owner encrypts the original image through a modulo-256 addition encryption and block permutation to mask image content. Then, the third party, such as a cloud server, can compress the selective encrypted image before transmitting to the receiver. During compression, encrypted blocks are categorized into four sets corresponding to different complexity degrees in plaintext domain without the loss of security. By allocating various bit rates to the encrypted blocks from different sets, flexible compression can be achieved with difference quantization. After parsing and decoding the compressed bit stream, the receiver first recovers partial encrypted pixels and then decrypts them. The other missing pixels are further recovered with the assistance of image inpainting based on a total variation model, and the final reconstructed image can be produced. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves better rate-distortion performance than some of the state-of-the-art schemes.


Power Side-Channel analysis recovers sensitive information not only from physical proximity to a device but also from basic knowledge of sample leaked data collection. With minimum mean squared error metric, power analysis using a deep learning test case increase confidence level of proper identification of leaked data. Comparison with state-of-the art technology in this work shows improved performance in the non-profiled SCA category of detection. The deep learning technique aids in calculating the average loss gradient values and the loss values, both being calculated by taking the traces in mathworks implementation as the training data and the MSB values of the intermediate values as the training labels to reveal the expected secret key. Moreover iterative training of some machine learning techniques with different FPGA boards implementing cryptographic designs increased the accuracy of leakage detection at an earlier stage to a better extent.


Objective To study the protective effectsof Bushenhuoxue( BSHX) decoction on the activities of glutamine synthetase and retinal ganglion cells( RGC) and retinal Muller cells co-cultured in vitro under high glucose concentration or /and hypoxic conditions,and study its molecular mechanism. Methods Serum with BSHX decoction was obtained by the serum pharmacology method of traditional Chinese medicine. The retinal M uller cells and RGC of newborn-rats were purified and cultured using the modified enzyme-digesting method by means of a two-step filtration process. RGC were then planted onto culture plates coated with retinal Muller cells. The two types of cells were co-cultured in a ratio of 1∶25 to make the co-culture model. Glucose( final concentration of 50 mmol·L- 1) or sodium dithionite( final concentration 1. 0 mmol· L- 1) was added to the co-culture cells to make the high glucose concentration or hypoxic experimental models respectively( ie. high glucose or hypoxic groups). The high glucose concentration and hypoxic group was made by adding glucose( final concentration of 50 mmol·L- 1) and sodium dithionite( final concentration 1.0 mmol·L- 1) simultaneously; Each group was treated by 20% serum BSHX decoction. After 24 hours,48 hours and 72 hours of serum BSHX decoction treatment,extracellular lactate dehydrogenase( LD H) leakage and glutamine synthetase( GS) activity of the co-culture cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). Results Compared with the control group,the LD H leakage of co-cultured cells in the high glucose group,hypoxic group and combination of high glucose and hypoxic group after 24 hours and 72 hours treatment were significantly increased( all P 0. 05). C ompared with the control group,the GS activity of retinal M uller cells in the hypoxic group was significantly decreased after 48 hours treatment( P 0. 05). C ompared with the control group,the GS activity of retinal M uller cells in the high glucose group after 24 hours,48 hours and 72 hours treatment were increased( all P 0. 05). The results showed that the serum of BSHX decoction could enhance GS activity of retinal Muller cells in hypoxic conditions and high glucose concentration and hypoxic conditions,and this function gradually strengthened with time prolonged. Conclusion T he serum of BSHX decoction can help to improve the membrane stability and decrease the membrane permeability of co-culture cells of retinal Muller cells and RGC in the high glucose or /and hypoxic conditions to improve the cell activity. The serum of BSHX decoction can strengthen GS activity of retinal Muller cells,reduce the neural excitability glutamic acid toxic; This may be one of the protection mechanisms of BSHX on RGC under high glucose concentration or /and hypoxic conditions.


The relevance of reflection for learning has long been recognised, and there is a substantial body of theoretical work on reflection. However, many questions regarding reflection at the workplace are still open, especially regarding the actual occurrence of reflection in different workplaces, and the efficient support for reflection. In our ongoing work to examine the relevance of reflective learning at work in various organisations and to design technological support, we have collected and discussed existing literature on reflective learning. Within this paper, we discuss relevant and open issues in four major topical areas that are relevant to the above research goal, namely (i) the reflection process , (ii) the various scopes of reflection such as individual and organisational learning, (iii) the context or setting in which reflection might take place and (iv) how we can facilitate and scaffold reflection by means of technology. We aim to provide a basis for discussion and to illustrate that research on reflection, especially in the context of work, is far from finished.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine. A method consists in the use of screws and systems for transcutaneous transpedicular spondylosynthesis and systems for percutaneous vertebroplastic repair. Trepans are introduced in the pre-specified vertebrae (including those involved in the metastatic process) to the middle of the vertebral bodies above and below a pathological fracture. The process is EOC aided. A stiletto is removed from the trepans, and guide pins are introduced. The trepans are removed as guided by the pins. Screw seats are marked transcutaneously as shown by the guide pins with the use of a perforator and a marker. The marker shows the screw path only at a depth of a vertebral pedicle to the vertebral body Further, the trepans guided by the pins are mounted again. The guide pins are removed. Bone cement is introduced into the vertebrae through the trepans under the EOC control. Immediately after the cement introduction, the guide pins are introduced through the trepans. The trepans are removed; before the cement is completely hardened, transpedicular screws are inserted percutaneously through the guide pins and the prepared screw path into the vertebral bodies. The screw are finally fixed with a bar. EFFECT: method is used to ensure the maximum stabilising effect of transpedicular spondylosynthesis and the minimum tissue injuries. 1 ex, 6 dwg


EDITOR,-Our experience in a special school in Newcastle upon Tyne lends support to the proposal by Slaney et al to screen for fragile X syndrome.1 Many individuals with special educational needs have not had recent investigation. In a preliminary survey ofrecords for the year 1992/3, of the 58 individuals (44 male and 14 female) who had statutory reassessment of special educational needs in Newcastle upon Tyne, 48 were considered to have mild learning difficulties, 10 severe. All those having severe learning difficulties had been fully investigated by this stage. Among those with mild learning difficulties, one individual was already known to have fragile X syndrome but in 41/48 there was neither known diagnosis nor record of genetic investigations. Over half of these children, 21/41, had a family history of learning difficulties. On the basis of these findings, chromosome analysis and molecular investigations for the fragile X syndrome was offered at one special school as a part of the medical review undertaken for the statutory reassessment of special educational needs during the period September 1993-July 1994. None of the 34 children, aged 13-14 years, had a recognised diagnosis, although two had had previous genetic investigations. There were 32 pupils with no known diagnosis to whom testing was offered, after full discussion of the details and implications of such investigations with each family. Blood samples were obtained from three girls and 23 boys: the remaining six pupils declined testing on account of fear of venepuncture. One boy with fragile X syndrome, one boy with Klinefelter's syndrome 47,XXY, and one chromosomal deletion 46,XY del (18) (q22?2) were detected. A satellited Y chromosome was observed in one boy, which was thought to be a normal variant. The families were referred for specialist genetic counselling. In the three cases where a diagnosis was given, parents were relieved to have an explanation for their child's learning difficulty. Liaison with educational and community provision was facilitated. Thus, in three out of 26 children tested, a previously unrecognised diagnosis was made. Not only did we detect previously unrecognised fragile X syndrome but, with the inclusion of cytogenetic analysis as recommended in screening of populations selected on the basis of learning difficulties (unlike the restricted study by Slaney et al ), also detected other important abnormalities. In their study, counselling was retrospective. In practice, we found that the opportunity to counsel families before testing could easily assimilated by a school doctor within the procedure required for medical input associated with the Education Act 1981, when parental concerns about the aetiology and implications of their child's problems often need to be readdressed. We believe that the offer of genetic screening in this way is feasible, within both the existing community health and regional genetic service resources, and welcomed by those involved. The findings of our study would support an argument to retain medical input into the 'transitional review' (Education Act 1993) of children who have statements of special educational needs, at least until the cohort of younger children, who are more likely to have been investigated, is reached.


Industrial heavy metal pollution and other effluents from chemical industries are of great concern for the ecosystem. Due to this, toxic waste water is released into the environment causing severe heavy metal pollution and also affects our health. The physicochemical methods are expensive and these results in the incomplete removal of metal ions. As a result, other alternative methods such as algae bioremediation are taken into account which have the ability to absorb metal ions and this very idea can be used in the treatment of wastewater. They absorb metal ions on the cell surface and in the intracellular ligands. Before releasing algae into waste water, they are treated with pretreatment. Various pretreatment improves the enhancement of metal sorption in algae. The most suitable and economic method for cultivating algae biomass is the calcium chloride pretreatment. When considering algae, there are various strains and hence, selection of strain is highly important. This happens by the understanding of bio sorption mechanisms, increasing the number of surface groups with genetic manipulation of algae and creating them for economic feasibility. In brown algae, the order Laminariales and Fucale species are considered as efficient groups of algae while bio-sorption is considered, because their cell wall is very rich in extracellular polymers and polysaccharides. Considering these parameters in the significant development of low-cost algae cultivation and an eco-friendly solution for the pollution caused by chemical industries, this work concentrates on the bioremediation process for the reduction of heavy metal pollution.


In the far north, reindeer breeding is a popular direction in the development of agriculture, so veterinarians often treat limb diseases in reindeer. The aim of the study was to research the clinical and morphological characteristics and also development of arterial vessels of the distal links of the thoracic limb. 18 reindeer carcasses of different age groups from the northern mountain‐taiga zone of Yakutia were studied. The area of the metacarpus includes four arterial highways: III on the palmar and one on the dorsal surface. Palmar metacarpal arteries: palmar branch (superficially under the skin and common fascia); palmar superficial II metacarpal artery (deeper along the medial edge of the interosseous muscle); palmar deep III metacarpal artery (deep trunk). The arterial highway of the finger of the hand begins from the superficial palmar branch and divides in the distal III of the metacarpus into III vessels: the common palmar finger II, III and IV arteries. The common palmar finger III artery is divided into II annular branches: the axial proper III and IV palmar finger arteries. The arteries of the lateral II and V fingers start from the common palmar finger II and IV arteries. The distal III of the metacarpus includes the superficial and deep palmar arterial arches. The superficial palmar branch and the palmar superficial II metacarpal artery form the superficial palmar arterial arch. The palmar deep III metacarpal artery, the metacarpal feeding artery, and the perforating distal metacarpal artery form a deep arc. The main arteries of the hand grow unevenly. In the postnatal period, the length and diameter of the arteries increased by 1.5‐2.2 times (hand arteries – 1.7‐2), to 12 months in length 87.1% and diameter of the arteries 89,3% regarding adults (hand arteries represent 89.3% and 85.3%). By the age of 3.5 years, the vessels become the longest, the diameter and wall thickness continue to grow slightly. The growth rates of the length and diameter of the metacarpal arteries during postnatal ontogenesis are similar to age‐related changes in the autopodium vessels. Topographic visualization of arterial structures is used for effective therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations, surgical operations of the thoracic limb in reindeer.


Arthritis in children is a group of diseases that are encountered by various specialists. It is a pediatrician, who starts the diagnostic search, in most cases. The definition "arthritis of the hip joint" implies a number of pathologies. In the article, the researcher discusses the basic aspects of epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of such forms of arthritis as septic, transient, reactive as well as the arthritis in orthopedic pathologies.


In Phase 3 SUNRISE-1 (NCT02783729; E2006-G000-304) and SUNRISE-2 (NCT02952820; E2006-G000-303), lemborexant (LEM) provided significant benefit versus placebo on sleep diary-based sleep onset/maintenance outcomes over 1mo and 6mo, respectively, in subjects with insomnia disorder. The impact of LEM on patient-reported fatigue, assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), in subjects with clinically significant fatigue (CSF) at baseline was examined for each study.

 SUNRISE-1 was a 1mo, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group study in female (≥55y) and male (≥65y) subjects (n=1006); subjects received placebo, LEM 5mg (LEM5), LEM 10mg (LEM10) or zolpidem tartrate extended-release (not reported here). SUNRISE-2 was a 12mo, randomized, double-blind study in subjects age ≥18y (n=949). Subjects received placebo, LEM5, or LEM10 for 6mo. Placebo subjects were rerandomized to LEM5 or LEM10 for another 6mo; LEM subjects continued assigned treatment. CSF was defined as FSS total score (FSSts) ≥36.

 In subjects with baseline CSF, in SUNRISE-1, baseline FSSts was 46.8, 46.5, and 46.6 in placebo (n=117), LEM5 (n=157), and LEM10 (n=153) groups, respectively, and, in SUNRISE-2, was 45.7, 46.4, and 45.8 in placebo (n=169), LEM5 (n=181), and LEM10 (n=173) groups, respectively. At 1mo, mean changes from baseline in FSSts were not significantly different vs placebo for LEM5 in both studies, and for LEM10 in SUNRISE-1. In SUNRISE-2, LEM10 significantly decreased mean [SD] FSSts from baseline vs placebo at 1mo (LEM10, −11.2[13.9] vs placebo, −8.7[10.5]; P=0.03). By 6mo in SUNRISE-2, both LEM5 and LEM10 significantly decreased mean [SD] FSSts from baseline versus placebo (LEM5, −15.4[13.8]; LEM10, −15.0[14.2] vs placebo, −11.2[11.6]; both P<0.05). At 12mo, mean [SD] FSSts improvements were sustained for LEM5 (−20.4[12.8]) and LEM10 (−18.1[14.7]).

 In subjects with CSF, longer treatments (>1mo) may be needed to observe significant FSSts improvements, which were evident at 6mo and sustained at 12mo with continuous LEM treatment.

 Eisai Inc.


2D Potts model Monte Carlo simulation was carried out on a square lattice to investigate the effects of varying the size of second phase particles on the Zener limit of grain growth, in two-phase polycrystals. Simulations were carried out on a 1000^2 size matrix with Q-state of 64, dispersed with second phase particles of various sizes and surface fractions, and run to stagnation. Different grain growth parameters such as mean grain size, largest grain size, fraction of second phase particles lying on grain boundaries, etc., were computed for the pinned microstructures. The pinned average grain size or the Zener limit increased with increase in particle size, as per the classic Smith-Zener equation. The Zener limit scaled inversely with the square root of the particle fraction for all particle sizes, while it scaled exponentially with the fraction of second phase particles lying on the grain boundaries (ϕ), for all particle sizes tested.


Objective: In order to study efficacy and safety of fiberoptic bronchoscopic tracheal intubation in patients with OSAS. Methods: A total of 53 patients with OSAS have been observed for transnasal fiberoptic bronchoscopic drop and little analgesics. Results: Of them, there was one successuf intubation in 51 cases and second intubation susccessfully performed in 2 cases. Meanwhile, 11 had a higher BP, 15 tachyrhymia, 7 lower in SpO2, 5 tracheal tube compressed and 1 tortuous tube. All these technical problems had been resoluted through management. Conclusion: It is concluded that the transnasal fiberoptic bronchoscopic tracheal intubation is high success rate and excellent restult, along with patients well acceptable.


A new method to back-calculate the strength parameters of landslide using genetic-support vector machine was proposed.Critical slip surfaces and minimum factors of safety were determined with different combinations of c and  using limited equilibrium analysis.The nonlinear relationship between c, and minimum factors of safety were established using support vector machine.The strength parameters of landslide were recognized based on this relationship.It was shown that the c and  values were sufficiently accurate for engineering applications.


In mammalian cells, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) 5-kinase (PIP5K) generates phosphatidylinositol 4,5bisphosphate (PI4,5P2) by catalyzing the phosphorylation of PI4P at the D5 position of the inositol ring (Fig. 1) and plays important roles in a wide variety of signal transduction systems through its product PI4,5P2. To date, three mammalian PIP5K isozymes, a , b and g , and three splicing variants of the g isozyme, g635, g661, and g687, have been identified. The level of PI4,5P2 in the plasma membrane at the resting state of cells is only ca. 0.5% of total phospholipids. Upon cell stimulation by agonists, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors, PIP5K is activated and thereby the PI4,5P2 level increases in the membrane. This increased PI4,5P2 pool appears crucial for the regulation of signal transduction and cell events. It is well known that PI4,5P2 functions as a precursor of two lipid second messengers, diacylglycerol (DG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which are produced by the action of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C: the former activates protein kinase C and the latter increases the intracellular Ca concentration by inducing the release of Ca from the endoplasmic reticulum. PI4,5P2 is further phosphorylated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to generate another lipid second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5trisphosphate, which is involved in signal transduction regulating cell growth, survival, and apoptosis. In addition, recent studies provide evidence that PI4,5P2 itself functions as a lipid signaling molecule by regulating activities of a wide variety of proteins and enzymes that are involved in signal transduction and cell events, or by recruiting them to the plasma membrane. First, PI4,5P2 directly binds to actinbinding proteins and regulates their activities, which in turn reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton, thereby resulting in the regulation of membrane shape and cell motility. Second, this lipid directly interacts with the pleckstrin homology (PH) domainand epsin N-terminus homology (ENTH) domain-containing proteins and enzymes to recruit them to the plasma membrane. Third, PI4,5P2 binds to several components of clathrin-dependent endocytic machinery to recruit them to the plasma membrane and thereby assemble the clathrin coat at the plasma membrane. Thus PI4,5P2 is a highly versatile phospholipid regulating various signal transduction systems and cell events. Why is PI4,5P2 so multifunctional? Although we do not have any evidence to answer this question clearly, the apparent multifunction of PI4,5P2 may be attributable to tempospatially different production of PI4,5P2 depending on types of cells and agonists. If each PIP5K isozyme differently localizes or translocates to distinct compartments in the cell, PI4,5P2 production by each isozyme is tempo-spatially different and PI4,5P2 produced at different times or in different compartments would interact with and regulate distinct downstream effectors, thereby exerting apparent multifunction. It is also conceivable that, if this is true, each PIP5K isozyme is activated by an activator specific to each isozyme. To address this issue, we have been hunting for a partner protein(s) specifically interacting with and activating each PIP5K isozyme. Quite recently, we identified the endocytic adaptor protein complex AP-2 as an activator specific to PIP5Kg661 and found that interaction of AP-2 and PIP5Kg661 is essential for synaptic vesicle (SV) endocytosis. In this article, we describe recent advances regarding the PIP5K isozyme-specific activation mechanisms and physiological functions. The Phosphoinositide Kinase PIP5K That Produces the Versatile Signaling Phospholipid PI4,5P2


The phenomenon of volunteer activity is actively studied by psychologists and sociologists from different countries. Despite the fact that the interpretation of volunteering has some distinctive features due to cultural differences, they do not contradict each other in general. The greatest interest is aroused by the motives and values of volunteers, the study of which has become significant in sociological and psychological research over the past decade. This article presents studies of the motives and values of Russian volunteers.


Chapter 5 focuses on how Russia, the most land-oriented Arctic littoral state, responded to the shock. This chapter analyzes how Russia's political economy has influenced its foreign policy preferences. Specifically, this chapter illuminates how Russia's economy and ruling elites came to depend on income from natural resources. This dependence drove Russia's rulers to have a stronger interest in securing control over resource-rich territory, which, in turn, explains why they dramatically increased their Arctic military presence following the shock. The chapter chronicles Russia's dual-track policy of simultaneously pursuing its claims through international institutions and gunboat diplomacy. These findings reveal that Russia invested more in increasing its Arctic military activity and force structure than any other Arctic state. This chapter affirms the book's core theoretical prediction: the more economically dependent states are on natural resources, the stronger their interest in securing control over additional resources.


This study investigated the impact of ternary carbonate composition (Li2CO3/Na2CO3/K2CO3) on the morphology of the carbon/carbonate slurry and the continuous power generation by direct carbon fuel cells (DCFCs). Carbon/carbonate mixtures were melted to form a slurry at 1073 K. After cooling, the morphology of the solidified slurries was observed at the macro and micro scales. Notable differences were found in the morphology when the carbonate composition was changed. The solidified slurry surface was smooth, with surface carbon particles partly embedded in the carbonate, at Li/Na/K = 12.2/25/62.8 mol %, whereas the slurry surface was irregular, with carbon particles on the surface not embedded in the carbonate at Li/Na/K = 12.2/45/42.8 mol %. This suggested that the carbon particles were well-wetted in the former composition but not in the latter. It was also shown that wetting of the carbon particles was improved by decreasing the mole fraction of Na2CO3, which lowered the surface tension of the molten c...


ABSTRACT I discuss some of the roles that lay people play in relation to the criminal law, and how that law should figure in their practical reasoning: this will also cast light on the place of criminal law in a democratic republic. The two roles discussed in this paper are those of citizen, and juror. Citizens should be able to respect the law as their law – as a common law; but this must be a critical respect, captured in the idea of 'law abidance' as a civic virtue. Jurors are tasked with making normative judgments of guilt or innocence, as part of a process through which those accused of criminal wrongdoing are called to answer to their fellow citizens: they must therefore be able to understand the law, and make it their own – which raises the question of whether jury nullification can be an appropriate response to unjust laws.


Abstract. Parents vary in the extent to which they want their children to feel empathy toward different groups. In the current investigation, we tested whether Jewish–Israeli mothers' motivation to have their children feel group-based empathy toward members of their ingroup (Jews) and outgroup (Arabs) differed as a function of the types of group identification mothers experience with their own group – namely attachment to and glorification of Israel. We found that the more mothers identified with Israel, both in terms of attachment and glorification, the more they wanted their child to feel empathy toward ingroup members. However, only to the extent that mothers glorified their group, did they want their child to feel less empathy toward outgroup members. Our findings point to potential importance of considering mothers' group identity as related to the transmission of intergroup empathy and the perpetuation of intergroup conflict across generations.


An Assessment of Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Among Seventh Grade Students by Racquel D. Weaver MA, Antioch University 2002 BA, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 1993 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University May 2015 Abstract Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) continue to remain a public health concern in the United States, especially among young people. Levels of knowledge with regard to STDs have been investigated in prior research; however, these investigations have been limited primarily to older adolescents and young adults. Grounded in the social cognitive and subjective culture theories, this quantitative, cross-sectional study assessed STD knowledge (other than HIV/AIDS) among 7th grade students attending a public middle school in the United States. Demographic differences (age, gender, and ethnicity) in STD knowledge were examined to determine if these demographic variables predict STD knowledge scores and if the Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (STD-KQ) is a valid and reliable instrument among this study population. Chi-square analysis demonstrated that STD knowledge scores significantly differed by age only: Twelve-year-olds had higher STD scores than did 13-year-olds, contrary to research in older adolescents, which may be the result of confounding factors that warrant further investigation. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, gender, and ethnicity were not associated with STD knowledge scores. The STD-KQ was found to have face validity as well as high consistency and reliability among all questions related to STDs other than HIV/AIDS using Crohnbach's alpha. Content validity for individual STD-KQ items was shown using Lawshe's content validity ratio and subject matter experts. Results of the study support positive social change and highlight the need for earlier STD education, other than HIV/AIDS, with middle school children and the need to examine other factors that may impact STD knowledge within this age group.Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) continue to remain a public health concern in the United States, especially among young people. Levels of knowledge with regard to STDs have been investigated in prior research; however, these investigations have been limited primarily to older adolescents and young adults. Grounded in the social cognitive and subjective culture theories, this quantitative, cross-sectional study assessed STD knowledge (other than HIV/AIDS) among 7th grade students attending a public middle school in the United States. Demographic differences (age, gender, and ethnicity) in STD knowledge were examined to determine if these demographic variables predict STD knowledge scores and if the Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (STD-KQ) is a valid and reliable instrument among this study population. Chi-square analysis demonstrated that STD knowledge scores significantly differed by age only: Twelve-year-olds had higher STD scores than did 13-year-olds, contrary to research in older adolescents, which may be the result of confounding factors that warrant further investigation. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, gender, and ethnicity were not associated with STD knowledge scores. The STD-KQ was found to have face validity as well as high consistency and reliability among all questions related to STDs other than HIV/AIDS using Crohnbach's alpha. Content validity for individual STD-KQ items was shown using Lawshe's content validity ratio and subject matter experts. Results of the study support positive social change and highlight the need for earlier STD education, other than HIV/AIDS, with middle school children and the need to examine other factors that may impact STD knowledge within this age group. An Assessment of Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Among Seventh Grade Students by Racquel D. Weaver MA, Antioch University 2002 BA, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 1993 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University May 2015 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my beautiful daughter, Maddison Boxley. I hope this dissertation inspires her to become a great woman of color who believes she can be whatever she chooses to be in life. She was very young when I started the Ph.D. process and often times did not understand why mommy didn't have time to play. Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge the following individuals who contributed to the completion of this dissertation: I would like to thank Dr. Aimee Ferraro, my committee chair, for all of your support, feedback, and direction in this very long process. It is through your commitment that I successfully completed this! I would also like to that Dr. Shelley Francis, my committee member, who during the dissertation process always provided comments that let me know I was on the right track. Your positive words meant a lot to me. Dr. David Segal, my URR, thank you for making me think outside of the box and opening dialogues of alternative points of view. Lastly, I would like to thank my family and friends for their support during this long process. I apologize for the anxiety and stress you had to relieve on my behalf.


This paper looks at the role of risk aversion in determining participation of agricultural farmers holding water rights in the water markets. Risk aversion is of the non-expected utility maximizing type that allows for subjective weighing of the actual risks emanating from water transactions. The analysis involves design of a theoretical model that involves bargaining over sharing of surpluses between the buyer and the seller of water. The seller of water incorporates the bargaining outcome in his inter-temporal expected benefit maximization problem that accounts for the possibility of loss of water rights due to its sale out of agriculture. The analysis is also extended to more than one farmer case and explores the impact of time preferences and relative risk aversion between participants on outcome in the water market. Results are predominantly derived through numerical simulations.


A cut-off valve (14) located in a water supply pipe connected to the basin (3) is actuated via a mechanism comprising an actuator unit actively connected to the valve and a button (12) actively connected to this unit so that the latter can be activated in order to open the valve for a chosen duration. The unit includes a device for measuring the time during which the button is depressed and if this time is greater than a threshold value then the unit is activated in order to alter the time during which the valve is kept open, in response to the button being depressed. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) Washbasin water supply operating system as described above, except that the unit is activated if the time during which the button is depressed is shorter or longer than the threshold value; and (2) Rinsing apparatus comprising a worktop (2) with a washbasin, as well as one of these two operating systems.


NASA's Commercial Crew Development Program is designed to stimulate efforts within the private sector that will aid in the development and demonstration of safe, reliable, and cost-effective space transportation capabilities. With the goal of delivery cargo and eventually crew to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and the International Space Station (ISS) the program is designed to foster the development of new spacecraft and launch vehicles in the commercial sector. Through Space Act Agreements (SAAs) in 2011 NASA provided $50M of funding to four partners; Blue Origin, The Boeing Company, Sierra Nevada Corporation, and SpaceX. Additional, NASA has signed two unfunded SAAs with ATK and United Space Alliance. This paper will give a brief summary of these SAAs. Additionally, a brief overview will be provided of the released version of the Commercial Crew Development Program plans and requirements documents.


Niclosamide is a salicylanilide derivative used as antihelminthic agent. Recently, Nic has been screened out as an autophagy modulator by us and other groups and was identified to be a structurally distinct mTORC1 signaling inhibitor. In this work, we measured the long‐lived protein degradation activity and found Niclosamide could inhibit the autophagic process. To elucidate the inhibition of Niclosamide on autophagy, we further tested the lysosomal activity using DQ‐BSA assay and measured protease activity such as Cathepsin B and Cathepsin D with fluorescent substrates. The lower degradation of DQ‐BSA and decreased protease activity after Niclosamide treatments indicated the impaired lysosome function. In addition, both LC‐II and P62 proteins accumulated significantly when treated by Niclosamide suggesting the late stage of autophagy was blocked. The increased pH of lysosome and release of Cathepsins from lysosome to cytosol demonstrated that Niclosamide might affect lysosome resulted from lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Collectively, we firstly disclosed Niclosamide not only inhibited mTORC1 activity but also, as other well‐known lysosome inhibitors, strongly blocked autophagy via lysosomal dysfunction.


The Strassen theorem and Levy's modulus of continuity for Brownian motion case play important roles in the probability theory. Muller gave the unification form on them in 1981. In this paper, the Strassen's law and Levy's modulus of continuity for $G$-Brownian motion are extended to the general case. It can be seen as the unification of Strassen's law and Levy's modulus of continuity for $G$-Brownian motion.


Infrared (IR) imaging for rotating machinery monitoring and fault diagnosis has gained noticeable attention in recent years since it enables non-contact, on-intrusive and singlesensor based temperature measurements. However, the IR image for fault identification requires the process of artificial feature extraction, which is influenced by personal experience. And the sensitivity of the infrared image signal to various faults in the mechanical equipment is still unclear. Therefore, a rotor platform fault diagnosis method based on infrared image and convolution neural network (CNN) classification algorithm is proposed in this paper, which can automatically select the image feature and identify the fault mode. Firstly, the theoretical basis for the fault diagnosis of rotating equipment using IR image is analyzed. Then, the network structure and parameters were optimized for the IR data. Finally, the proposed method is used to diagnose the rotor platform and compared with the traditional way of feature extraction combined with the SVM, which proved that the proposed method has a higher accuracy. The application of our research was on the detection of conditions such as rotor imbalance, shaft misalignment, bearing looseness, rubbing, and coupling of rubbing and misalignment.


Test dose experiments were conducted on both undernourished and well-nourished boys. The mean thiamine or riboflavin excretion after the test dose was found significantly higher in undernourished boys than in the well-nourished. Administration of cocarboxylase or flavin-adenine dinucleotide, however, diminished the difference between both groups.The authors ascribe the increased excretion of thiamine or riboflavin in undernourished boys after dosing to the decreased ability of phosphorylation in their bodies.


Abstract The phase sequences of the homologues with n (the number of carbon atoms in the terminal alkyl chains) from 2 to 8 are obtained. At low temperatures, i) several crystalline modifications are found in each of the members with n = 4, 5, and 6 and ii) the monotropic transitions between crystal and smectic phase are observed in almost all the members. At intermediate temperature, iii) between the smectic H and C phases, the smectic F phase is found in the homologues with n ≥ = 5 by morphological observation or by a rheological method. The constancy of the temperature of the SH(or SF) – Sc transition with respect to "and broadening of the temperature range of SH with increasing n in the expense of nematic phase are worthy of note. The even-odd effect of the end chain length n is observed very distinctively on the crystal melting and clearing point. Proton NMR measurement reveals a large mobility in the terminal alkyl chains in the crystal of the member with n = 6.


We present results of a theoretical investigation of the partial and total photoionization cross sections between the 1D and 1S thresholds of atomic fluorine using the multiconfiguration Hartree–Fock method of bound and continuum wavefunctions. The 2p4(1S)ns, md series observed by an experiment through their decay into the allowed 2p4(3P)kl and 2p4(1D)kl ionization channels are carefully identified. The 2s2p6 2S resonance is seen to interact strongly with the nearby 2p4(1S)4s 2S resonance. The results of the partial cross sections are first compared with the experimental observations. The total cross sections are compared with the available experimental and theoretical data. The energy positions of the resonance series 2p4(1S)ns, md as well as 2s2p6 2S excitation are found to be in very good agreement with the experimental observations.


The article presents possibilities for applying findings of sociohygienic monitoringing to build program measures of non-communicable disease prevention in population. It is emphasized that failures in balanced and rational nutrition in a broad degree impact the population ' health. In Tyumen region a program of mass iodine prevention was adopted in 1997 and since then continues to be implemented. Dietary iodized salt was chosen as a carrier of iodine. An integral part of this mass prevention program is implementation of a broad explanatory campaign targeted to population using mass media tools. Two main directions are specified: measures ofpersonal prevention of iodine deficiency using iodized salt in diet and realization of public prevention. Tyumen region achieved 100% support of children, curative and preventive institutions with iodized salt. Enrichment of foodstuff of mass consumption with vitamins and micro-nutrients is the second direction in prevention of diseases related to deficiency of macroand micronutrients. In this activity, the priority is given to enrichment of bread and bakery production as products of everyday demand and being in this respect an optimal mean to achieve the given purpose. The preventive activities are included into regional programs and are directed at preservation and promotion of health of population, detection and correction of risk factors and early diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to these factors. The implementation of measures of regional programs is expected to result in decreasing the prevalence of behavioral factors related to unreasonable nutrition i.e. decrease in prevalence of iodine deficiency and latent deficiency of iron in population; decrease of surplus consumption of animal fat, simple carbohydrates, table salt; increase in the consumption of vegetables and fruits; decrease in the prevalence of excess body mass, hyperсholesterolemia and hyperglycemia.


Magnetic field data measured by the MAGMA instrument in the Martian magnetotail lobes are compared with the ram pressure of the upstream solar wind observed by the TAUS instrument in the circular orbits of the Phobos 2 spacecraft. High correlation was found between the magnetic field intensity in the Martian magnetotail lobes and the solar wind ram pressure. From this relationship the average flaring angle of the Martian magnetotail was determined as ∼13°, and the average magnetosonic Mach number was estimated as ∼5. The observed relationship between the Martian magnetotail magnetic field intensity and the solar wind magnetic field reflects the correlation of the solar wind magnetic field to the ram pressure providing a value of ∼7 for the average Alfvenic Mach number. The flaring angle obtained for the Martian magnetotail was found to be an intermediate value between the flaring angle of the magnetotail of the Earth and that of Venus at comparable distances.


Financial logistics is a new kind financial service that supplys movable property as pledge to apply for credit.Because of various parties participated in and their functions changed in financial logistics,traditional risk evaluation methods could not adapt to the new financing mode.Based on third-party logistic enterpise's join and to be the agent of bank,the article utilizes multiply levels fuzzy evaluation model to construct a new credit risk evaluation model based on bank,financing corporation and third-party logistic enterprise.Credit weight depends on level analysis method,finally model can compute a multiply weight and to be criterion for bank's accredit.


The growth of the economy and technology is increasing the popularity of automotive, but it also increases the number of traffic accidents. The driver's factor is a major cause of traffic accidents and ensuring the driver's concentration while driving is an essential research topic along with the development of autonomous cars. Recent developments in artificial intelligence and advanced hardware systems have made convolutional neural networks increasingly useful in computer vision. The purpose of this article is to explore the use of ResNet-50 neural networks in detecting driver distractions. In this article, the performance of ResNet-50 neural network is studied and analyzed and the possibility of its use for distraction detection is explored. In addition, it is found that this neural network is more capable of classifying whether a driver is distracted than of classifying their specific distracted behavior.


Aim: to analyze the histological kidney features in patients with CGN and arterial hypertension (AH) and without it, to assess the relationship between serum CysC and NGAL and histological signs of glomerular and tubular kidney lesion in patients with CGN with saved renal function. Methods: eighty one patients with CGN were enrolled in the study. Blood samples for biomarkers were collected. The diagnosis of "chronic glomerulonephritis" was defined by the clinical, laboratory data and renal biopsies. Patients were divided into 2 clinical groups: patients with AH and without AH. We used data of renal biopsies to analyze the signs of kidney glomerular apparatus and tubulo-interstitial tissue lesion in patients with CGN. Levels of serum CysC and NGAL were measured by ELISA kits. 148 Oleg Kraydaschenko et al. Results: according to the results of renal microscopy 88% patients had mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, 7% – membranous nephropathy, 5% – membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis. Patients with CGN and AH have more severe histological glomerular and tubular lesion parameters than patients with CGN without AH. On the basis of rank correlation analysis we proved that serum cysC directly correlates with all indicators of glomerular apparatus kidney lesion in patients with CGN, strong direct relationship was found between the level of serum cysC and glomerulosclerosis (r = 0.85, p < 0.05). Level of serum NGAL directly correlates with indicators of tubulo-interstitial kidney tissue lesion in patients with CGN, strong direct relationship was found between the level of serum NGAL and interstitial fibrosis (r = 0.65, p < 0.05). Conclusion: glomerulosclerosis has determined of the serum cysC level with the efficiency of 96.55%. Diagnostics of interstitial fibrosis by determining of the serum NGAL level is a highly sensitive and specific method, with the efficiency of 95.3%.


The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of applying the Cognitive Styles Analysis (CSA) scale to measure the individual operation ability of operators to use a control-display device. Because competent operators may be able to reduce the possibility of serious accidents from the control room, it is important to effectively measure the individual differences among the operators. For this reason, we adopted a 2 (cognitive styles) × 2 (control-display pairing patterns) split-plot design for our experiment. This paper examined the differences between the performances of participants with field-dependent (FD) cognitive styles and field-independent (FI) cognitive styles in control-display pairing tasks and the correlation between CSA scores and performances. Sixty control room operators (30 participants per cognitive style) from five control rooms in Taiwan were recruited to participate in the experiment. The results of the experiment suggest that the CSA scale is capable of distinguishing between employees in their capacity to operate control-display devices effectively. Therefore, it is suggested that the CSA scale serve as a measurement criterion for screening control room operators. 1. Introduction In this paper a control-display device refers to the control panel used in nuclear power plants, air traffic control tower, and the like. It is the communication channel between various machinery and operators in the control room and is often made up of a large number of control and display units (Sanders and McCormick,1992). Often, the unsafe and inefficient operation of complex control-display device is closely related to a disastrous event in the control room. It is, therefore, essential to explore how to maintain a safe and efficient operation when using a control-display device. The topic of redesigning control-display devices is often explored in the literature. However, because of various reasons, such as for example the individual ability of an operator to control some equipment by means of a control-display device. The operator may not be able to safely and effectively operate the control-display device. Selecting the correct operators for the control-display device is an important issue for maintaining a safe and efficient control room operation (Lhoir, 1984). The control room operator referred to in this study are usually people with a bachelor's degree in engineering or the physical sciences in a nuclear power plant and qualified air traffic controllers in the air traffic control tower. Because the dexterity of the operators determines the possibility of disastrous events in the control room (Gray and Haas, 1984; Grosdeva and Montmollin, 1994; Seminara, 1980), any criteria that can be used to distinguish the difference between operators in the control room should be explored and listed for possible use in the evaluation of their abilities to operate a control-display device. Establishing the appropriate criteria will help select suitable operators and reduce the possibility of a serious incident occurring as a result from improper operation of the control-display device. In this study, the Cognitive Styles Analysis (CSA) is used to assess the individual spatial operation ability in terms of operating die control-display device. Proposed by Riding and Cheema (1991), the CSA scale is an effective evaluative tool for measuring individual spatial cognitive ability in field-dependent-independent (FDI) cognitive styles, which is the human characteristic of separating the target from its contextual surroundings in a spatial misleading condition where the target is hidden in its contextual environment and is hard to be separated (Witkin et al, 1962). When based upon a computerized administering system, the CSA is easier to use and is more valid (Redmond et al, 2007) tiian the traditional test of FDI cognitive styles. For this reason, the CSA has been widely used to measure a person's operating abilities to process spatial information, as well as examine the relationship between learning styles and the learning environment (Lee, 2007; Papanikolaou et al, 2006). …


A lot of energy was lost when the cluster heads communicate with base station in HEED algorithm,new clustering algorithm was proposed.It integrates hierarchical clustering based on classical routing algorithm HEED,by adopting the multi-cluster head of the bottom level and the multi-hop forwarding mechanism of the top level,a hierarchical clustering routing algorithm Based on HEED was proposed.Simulation results show that the algorithm may efficiently improves the distribution of cluster head node and network lifetime compared to other algorithms.


Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr cv. Grassland Maku, planted in Yunnan Province since 1983, is a perennial leguminous grass. The adaptability of the variety is abroad, the DM yield is 2.20-2.85 t/hm2 from warm temperate zone to subtropical zone, and higher than all popular varieties of white clover in Yunnan Province. The considerable planting area can extend to the south of Qingling Mountains in China.


Why are girls, especially junior high school girls, continuing to learn in the shadows of their male counterparts, despite many teachers' continued attempts to treat both sexes as equal? Although one educator encouraged female participation in her classroom, she noticed two problems in particular that seemed to hinder the educational progress of junior high girls: lack of voice in the classroom and lack of technological skills. Her project proposes using "cybergrrl" Web pages (Web pages produced by a particular group of online feminists) to counteract these two problems and remove the mask of silence junior high school often places on adolescent girls. This paper first provides a rationale for the project and describes the cybergrrl Web pages. The paper then discusses the implementation framework of a cybergrrl classroom and outlines what objectives should be achieved in such a classroom. It discusses how to achieve gender equity using cybergrrls and gives the pedagogical implications for the project. Contains a 39-item "working bibliography." (NKA) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


The juridical regulation of the life and death must accompany to the scientific advances and the cultural changes. This relationship has suffered important alterations in the last decades. The constitutions have also accused the impact. The Spanish Constitution of 1978, and the rest of the juridical regulation, is experiencing serious difficulties in this aspect. The speed of the changes suggests readjustments and revisions. The fundamental rights of the article 15, among others, begin to propose more appropriate and according interpretations to the new framework. All these factors have dilated the space of the legislator, who has to confront the new challenges.


Amino acid nutrition of monogastrics has been investigated using individual amino acids since the discovery of threonine by W. C. Rose in 1935. With commercial availability of synthetic methionine (Met) and crystalline lysine (Lys) in the early 1960's, and because these two amino acids are typically first limiting in poultry and swine, respectively, there has been a plethora of research estimating their required needs. As additional crystalline amino acids became commercially available, tryptophan (Trp) and threonine (Thr) in the early 1980's, and isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val) in the late 1990's, research on their estimated requirements and ratios relative to Lys has expanded our understanding on how to formulate diets to minimize amino acid excesses while meeting the nutritional needs of the animal. Research trials with these amino acids, however, are far fewer in number and often more variable than trials done with Met and Lys. Nevertheless, only through a comprehensive understanding of these next limiting amino acids in a diet can further progress in utilizing supplemental amino acids be made. High protein commodity prices [most notability the soybean meal (SBM) prices of 1973, 1977, 1988, and 2004], economically available alternative feed ingredients, and the increasing awareness of the impact of livestock production on the environment has further stimulated interest in feeding reduced protein, amino acid supplemented diets to swine and poultry. This review will focus on Trp, sulfur amino acids (SAA), Ile, Val, histidine (His), and leucine (Leu) trials in swine.


The problem of anomaly detection in astronomical surveys is becoming increasingly important as data sets grow in size. We present the results of an unsupervised anomaly detection method using a Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN) on nearly one million optical galaxy images in the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. The WGAN learns to generate realistic HSC-like galaxies that follow the distribution of the data set; anomalous images are defined based on a poor reconstruction by the generator and outlying features learned by the discriminator. We find that the discriminator is more attuned to potentially interesting anomalies compared to the generator, and compared to a simpler autoencoder-based anomaly detection approach, so we use the discriminator-selected images to construct a high-anomaly sample of ∼13 000 objects. We propose a new approach to further characterize these anomalous images: we use a convolutional autoencoder to reduce the dimensionality of the residual differences between the real and WGAN-reconstructed images and perform UMAP clustering on these. We report detected anomalies of interest including galaxy mergers, tidal features, and extreme star-forming galaxies. A follow-up spectroscopic analysis of one of these anomalies is detailed in the Appendix; we find that it is an unusual system most likely to be a metal-poor dwarf galaxy with an extremely blue, higher-metallicity H ii region. We have released a catalog with the WGAN anomaly scores; the code and catalog are available at https://github.com/kstoreyf/anomalies-GAN-HSC, and our interactive visualization tool for exploring the clustered data is at https://weirdgalaxi.es.


The effect of temperature on the micellar properties of the alkylglucoside surfactant n-octyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside (OTG) used for membrane protein solubilization has been investigated. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), apparent (ϕV) and partial (V¯M) molar volume changes of the studied surfactant, as well as thermodynamic functions (the standard Gibbs free energy (ΔGmico), the standard enthalpy (ΔHmico) and entropy (ΔSmico)) of the OTG micellization process were determined. The above-mentioned parameters were calculated on the basis of the results obtained from measurements of surface tension, density and viscosity of the aqueous solutions of n-octyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside, as well as pyrene (Py) and 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence intensity in aqueous solutions of OTG and dynamic light scattering of aqueous solutions of OTG. Basing on the obtained results it is stated that critical micelle concentration of OTG is much lower compared to that of the earlier studied n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (OGP). The standard Gibbs free energy changes indicate that the tendency of OTG molecules to form aggregates increases with temperature increase. However, this increase is not so evident as in the case of some other sugar-based surfactants. The small temperature effect on the aggregation properties of OTG in water is probably connected with the presence and strength of the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules and sugar units, or the type of linkage between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the studied surfactant. In addition, the presence of S-linkage in the OTG molecule despite its high enzymatic stability also causes the hydrophobicity increase of the studied surfactant (compared to OGP), which directly influences its micellization process.


Neurons are capable of changing their functional properties and morphology throughout the life of animals, a phenomenon called plasticity. An important question is how do the functional and structural changes relate to one another. Very few studies, however, have directly examined which neuronal pathways are activated during experimental manipulations that induce functional plasticity and what are the patterns of synaptic activation necessary to induce structural changes. Here, we hypothesized that the coincident activation of two thalamocortical pathways can lead to both functional and structural plasticity. Using the somatosensory whisker-related system of the mouse as a model, we find that paired stimulation of these two pathways leads to potentiation of subthreshold whisker-evoked responses. Paired stimulation also leads to overall spine shrinkage that is most prevalent in the population of superficial spines, coinciding with a convergence zone of the two pathways, indicating that heterosynaptic shrinkage may be a mechanism involved.


Abstract High elasticity in dynamically vulcanized EPDM-Polypropylene blends, as demonstrated by lower residual deformation upon release of constraint, is a much desired attribute. It has been found that this property can be improved beyond the conventional norms of highly crosslinking the rubber phase. This is achieved through the use of a polypropylene phase with a high degree of long-chain branching. The branching index, g', at molecular weight greater than 1×106 should be less than about 0.6. It is postulated that in the melt and at low frequencies the long-chain branched polypropylene behaves as a network. Therefore in the melt, the dynamically vulcanized alloy behaves as a dual network material: one network being the chemically crosslinked rubber phase, and the other being the physical network arising from the high level of long-chain branching in polypropylene. In the solid state, the co-continuous morphology arising from the choice of long-chain branched polypropylene contributes to the enhanced e...


Design pattern is proved conclusions to solve a specific class of problems. It provides a method to share experience in computer development and theory, which can fast accelerates the development of software applications. And it can also prevent developers form reinventing the historic wheels of computer theories. In a word, it provides plenty of basic knowledge that greens have to acquire. So it is the way fresh man major in computer science to acquire knowledge. But most of the existing studies only focus on the theory of the design patterns, not the practical ones. So in this paper we generate a list of study experiments in design patterns based on a well known application-Paint. We study the detail of each design pattern and make a static analysis on these patterns, then arrange the sequence of the experiments of these patterns using in these project, also describe the policy of lab sequence arrangement.


Inageneralmedicinepracticecombined withOriental medicine, we perform a holistic evaluation of our patients. During a dry cough evaluation, we make a full general evaluation and a physical examination. The final diagnosis for the dry cough is done following the 8 Principles rule. CoughcausescouldcomefromaFireoverMetal,Fireinthe Lung meridian, or from a Lung deficit due to a Wood Excess, including a weak Earth component (Metal's Mother). These diseasescouldbecausedby5reasons:(a)themotioninhimor her self; (b) generation cycle; (c) control cycle excess; (d) counter generation; and/or (e) counter control motion excess. Cough is not only a Lung disease. It could be the manifestation of other Zang Fu imbalances, the Lung organ, which manifests the disease. I use a geometric symbol as a nemotechnical rule to remember cough principles:


The results of selected volatile organic compounds (benzene, n-hexane, isopropanol, and formic acid) catalytic oxidation are presented on Fe2O3 cenospheres in the fluidised bed reactor. The core–shell Fe2O3-cenosphere catalyst was developed by applying an Fe layer on cenospheres by FB-MO-CVD (fluidised bed, metal–organic chemical vapor deposition) and following Fe layer oxidation. The efficiency of the decomposition of VOCs was tested in the range of 200 to 500 °C, using the method based on infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The research was focused especially on the analysis of incomplete combustion products, such as CO and oxygen compounds. During the oxidation of isopropanol and n-hexane, in addition to carbon monoxide, species such as acetone, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde were also detected. The oxidation of formic acid proceeded with only a slight emission of carbon monoxide, unexpectedly the oxidation of benzene proceeded in a similar way, and no other products of the incomplete oxidation were detected. In addition, the CO concentration was lower than in the case of conversion of isopropanol and n-hexane. For the presented solution, complete formic acid oxidation is possible at temperatures below 400 °C, and almost complete oxidation to CO2 of isopropyl alcohol, benzene, and n-hexane was achieved at 500 °C. Additionally, the possibility of conducting the autothermal process of oxidation of VOCs in a fluidised bed, provided that heat recuperation is used, was presented.


CDQ technology can protect the enviroment and save energy.while μXL DCS is already meture in application. μXL application in CDQ Project is described in detail to keep the system in the best operating state.Complex algorithms such as the ThereeMete and large deadtime compensation in water level control and main steam temperature control are provided,which e nsures the normal operation of the CDQ project.It has proven in practice to meet both accuracy and stability requirments and can be generalized to other boilers and CDQ projects.


This paper presents the multi-step Q-learning (MQL) algorithm as an autonomic approach to the joint radio resource management (JRRM) among heterogeneous radio access technologies (RATs) in the B3G environment. Through the "trial-and-error" on-line learning process, the JRRM controller can converge to the optimized admission control policy. The JRRM controller learns to give the best allocation for each session in terms of both the access RAT and the service bandwidth. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm realizes the autonomy of JRRM and achieves well trade-off between the spectrum utility and the blocking probability comparing to the load-balancing algorithm and the utility-maximizing algorithm. Besides, the proposed algorithm has better online performances and convergence speed than the one-step Q-learning (QL) algorithm. Therefore, the user statisfaction degree could be improved also.


Economic theory prescribes a (pigouvian) congestion tax in order to alleviate the negative effects of traffic congestion. It is simply a matter of fixing a negative externality. However, traffic congestion is a pervasive problem in cities across the world, and a congestion tax is seldom applied. This paper tries to understand why this is the case. In order to do so, we estimate the welfare and traffic effects of alternative policies to be applied in the city of Sao Paulo: a congestion charge and a rotation system. In order to do so, this study explores a dataset from the Origin-Destination survey carried out by Sao Paulo's subway company. A discrete choice model (mixed logit), is used to identify structural parameters of the individual demand for transport. These demands are in turn used to run counter-factuals to evaluate the welfare impact of both policies. The results show that the congestion tax performs better than the rotation system in terms of aggregate welfare. However, the congestion tax affects a larger number o people. Plus, the rotation system concentrates the heavier losses in an even smaller group. The difference in the fraction of the population affected by these policies is due to the fact the wealthier drivers buy a second car, or a 'rotation's day car'.


A slab geometry, with a zig-zag totally internally reflected optical path, significantly reduces thermal focusing, stress induced biaxial focusing and birefringence in a solid state laser host. We present results of a theoretical and experimental study of slab geometry Nd:Glass and Nd:YAG laser systems.


Styloid process is approximately 2.5 cm to 3cm in length and its tip is located lateral to tonsillar fossa between external and internal carotid arteries. Elongation of Styloid process or calcification of stylohyoid ligament leads to Eagle syndrome which causes excruciating throat pain, facial pain, dysphagia, or foreign body sensation. It may be present unilaterally or bilaterally with an overall prevalence of 4% in adults out of which 0.16% are symptomatic with symptoms.


At point t there is an optimal value V (x(t), t). One way to try to control the system is by taking small steps and observing how the system evolves. This allows the minimization of the control in some way. Now divide the cost into two components. The first component will be the cost that occurs during the interval dt, and the second component is the cost afterwards. V (x(t), t) = min u [C(x(t), u(t))dt] + V (x(t+ dt), t+ dt)]


Summary:Twenty-eight patients withwidespectrum organinvolvement ofprogressive systemic sclerosis butwithout signs orsymptoms suggestive ofcardiac involvement werestudied bynon-invasive cardiac techniques. The12-lead electrocardiogram showed abnormalities in6patients: onehadabnormal T wavesand5hadcomplete orincomplete right bundle branch block. Twenty fourhourambulatory electrocardiography demonstrated higher average heart rates thaninsimilar agedcontrols (82±9vs 74±9beats/min, P<0.05). Inonepatient ashort runofventricular tachycardia wasrecorded. Noother significant arrhythmia wasdocumented. Echocardiographic measurements werewithin normal ranges but small pericardial effusions wereobserved intwopatients (7%).Resting first passradionuclide angiography, utilizing 12mCioftechnetium 99mwereperformed in23patients. Seven patients (30%) had abnonnal wall motion (diffuse hypokinesia), with asignificant decrease inejection fraction incomparison tothose with normal wall motion (44±6%vs60±6%P< 0.01). Those with abnormal wall motion had suffered thedisease longer thanthose with normal wall motion (13±4vs9.5±7y).Inconclusion, the heart isinvolved inhalf ofthepatients inthis series; non-invasive cardiac assessment isuseful indisclosing theearly cardiac involvement andmayinfluence long-term management.


As the world ponders the beginning of a new century, the manner in which people communicate and gather information is evolving rapidly. Perhaps the most important tool in communicating and informing is the Internet, which was created nearly 20 years ago by researchers and educators who sought to share information. The Internet has become the mainstream "information public policy debates in the computer industry, the use of export control of cryptography is not a subject of universal agreement. In fact, government officials and the computer industry are engaged in the kind of conflict over cryptography policy that very well inhibits, instead of develops, the growth and strength of information protection.