Objective To have an understanding of the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation among suicide attempters at critical emergency units of general hospitals in Shenyang. Methods Suicide attempters of emergency department of 4 tertiary general hospitals in Shenyang during the same period were interviewed,among them 239 cases with intact data were assessed by using self-injury questionnaires and the Beck Scale for suicide ideation and diagnosed by a structured psychiatric examination based on DSM-Ⅳ criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for suicidal ideation. Results The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation was 69.46%(95%CI:60.25%~79.25%). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the most important risk factors for suicidal ideation were having hopelessness feeling in the last week (OR=2.88),having current psychiatric disorders (OR=2.78)and releasing themselves from their suffering (OR=2.29). Conclusion The prevalence of suicidal ideation among suicide attempters at critical emergency units of general hospitals is higher than expected and still existing risk factors for their suicidal ideation should be identified and assessed. At the same time targeted interventions need to be taken to prevent the recurrence of their suicidal behaviors.


The solid cis-SnCl4 · 2Me2O and trans-SnCl4 · 2Me2Se adducts have been synthesised and characterised by IR. and Raman spectroscopy. NMR. and vibrational spectroscopy show a fast cis-trans equilibrium for both complexes in solution in an inert solvent.


1. Introduction (by Kern, Friederike) 2. The emergence and diffusion of Multicultural English (by Fox, Sue) 3. Kiezdeutsch as a multiethnolect (by Freywald, Ulrike) 4. Prosodic style-shifting in preadolescent peer-group interactions in a working-class suburb of Paris (by Fagyal, Zsuzsanna) 5. Emerging Moroccan and Turkish varieties of Dutch: Ethnolects or ethnic styles? (by Hinskens, Frans L.) 6. Prosody and unit-construction in an ethnic style: The case of Turkish German and its use and function in conversation (by Selting, Margret) 7. Rhythm in Turkish German talk-in-interaction (by Kern, Friederike) 8. Constructions with Turkish sey and its German equivalent dings in Turkish-German conversations: sey and dings in Turkish-German (by Simsek, Yazgul) 9. Joint attention and cooperation in the Swedish of adolescents in multilingual settings: The use of san 'such' and sahar 'like' (by Ekberg, Lena) 10. Linguistic variation and linguistic virtuosity of young "Ghetto"-migrants in Mannheim, Germany (by Keim, Inken) 11. Late modern youth style in interaction (by Madsen, Lian Malai) 12. Developing multiethnic youth language in Helsinki (by Lehtonen, Heini) 13. Index


Treanton Jean-Rene. Murphy Raymond, Social closure. The theory of monopolization and exclusion.. In: Revue francaise de sociologie, 1989, 30-1. pp. 171-172.


The paper illustrates the pros and cons of the dissimilation of Wushu into Sanshou,Series,Taiji Pushing Hands and Health-enhance exercise due to the influence of the western culture.As a traditional sport,Wushu shall be in line with its ethnic characteristics and ethnic culture in its development and on this basis learn from the advantage of the western culture to improve its skill system.


In children with autism is a developmental disorder subtype, in clinical practice has a very high incidence. The main clinical characteristics of the disease is interested in a narrow range, language barriers to communication and social barriers and stereotyped behavior repeats. Autistic children's movement ability development generally lags behind the normal children, and if the child's degree of weight, the more obvious defects in his action development, and the greater the gap between the normal children. At present, the disease is not very clear, clinical treatment and intervention methods are also more, one of the more effective is the intervention of footballs. In this paper, the research situation of the intervention treatment of autism in children with autism.


In view of the possibility of mobilizing students for the productive use of Internet, we're developing a methodology in which the understanding of intertextual relations and the concept of hipertext are presented as a wake for new conceptual and interpretive forms, based on constructionist theories and the reading strategies of "parenting and progeny", we defend the idea that understanding can be more effectivesinse the establishment of connections with their own universe references.


Abstract In this present work, the effect of heating/coolling rate on the electrical properties such as ferroelectric, dielectric and electrostrictive properties of Pb-free Bi0.45La0.05Na0.40K0.10-Ti0.98Zr0.02O3 or BLNKZT piezoelectric ceramics has been systematically investigated. The BLNKZT ceramics were prepared via a conventional solid state reaction method and sintered at 1125 °C for 2 h, which applied the heating/cooling rates of 5, 10 and 15 °C/min in order to clarify the optimal parameter for densification and good electrical properties. The XRD pattern exhibited a complete single perovskite structure with a pseudo-cubic phase at the rate of 5 °C/min sample and tranformed to tetragonal-rich phase at the rate of 15 °C/min. The SEM micrograph of all BLNKZT ceramics showed a cubic-like grain shape. The P-E hysteresis loop was measured at the temperatures ranging from −40 to 120 °C. With increasing temperature, the Pr and Ec values distinctly decreased and the P-E loops tended to deform and showed pinch loops. The maximum strain (Smax) value of 0.10% and calculated normalized strain (d*33) of 167 pm/V (measured at 60 kV/cm) were obtained for ceramic sintered with the heating/cooling rates of 5 °C/min.


Information systems support many purposes in organizations of any kind. Sometimes the information systems are used to know the tendency of the population on diverse subjects; surveys have become a public issue of relevance to people. In this project a web information system of georeferenced surveys has been developed and implemented to know the vote intention of the population of the Central Region of Coahuila. Using the Netbeans Integrated Development Environmet with the Controller View Model pattern and MySQL for the database management.
As a result, the application has been designed to identify geographic coordinates of the areas of interest for the application of the survey through waypoints and tracks; which record exact data of the location of the interviewer; the spring web framework modules was used for the complete development of the application.
Approximately 2800 surveys were applied in a 3-month span, and it allows recording of the audio session for each one of the pollsters, according to the selected area and the corresponding sectional obtaining precise and exact data on the opinions of the respondents for subsequent analysis and graphing.


The changes in composition of two-phase reacting mixtures of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) and water in an internally reflective (ZnSe crystal) circle cell were followed with time by Fourier-transform infrared techniques at room temperature. No detectable intermediate compounds or by-products were found during the first 2 hours of reaction, nor in the final mixture, which formed a single phase but still contained a detectable amount of CEES after 14 days. It was concluded that the possible reaction paths leading to the formation of by-products were negligible compared to the major hydrolysis products 2-hydroxyethyl ethyl sulfide (HEES) and HC1, which significantly retarded further hydrolysis of CEES by enhancing the reverse reaction.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes to synthesize the cartilage matrix components: chondroitin sulfate (CS), keratan sulfate (KS) and colagens (COL). The study was performed on cells embedded in type II collagen gel. Specific COL staining and glycosaminoglycan (CS, KS) immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated that the osteoarthritic cartilage cells maintain their anabolic ability. Despite the biosynthetic activity displayed by chondrocytes, a net loss of the extracellular matrix represents the hallmark of all stages of osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration. This leads to the assumption that overall enzymatic degradation of the extracellular matrix components might be the reason for the metabolic imbalance in osteoarthritic cartilage. Type II collagen gel obtained from bovine tracheal cartilage proved to be a good chondrocyte support for studying cartilage extracellular matrix turnover.


Atherosclerosis is plaque formation in the arteries which will further develop into plaque, narrowing and shocking the artery. Continuous plaque formation leads to acute and chronic inflammation and soon develop into atherosclerosis. A combination of herbs in form of drink, consist of tanjung leaves (Mimusops elengi L.), starfruit leaves (Averrhoa carambola L.), and temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza R.) is empirically believed to be anti-atherosclerotic; because it contains quercetin that initiate anti-inflammatory activity. Quercetin concentration test was conducted using an aluminum chloride colorimetric assay with variations in particle size (simplicia, 60<D<16 mesh powder, and D≤60 mesh powder) and herb mass, which further extracted in reflux and infusion method. Herbs with 60<D<16 mesh size and D≤60 mesh powder were extracted by infusion in 200 mL water, and leaf herbs were extracted by reflux in 600 mL water. The results show that increases in extracted herb mass related to the increasing in quercetin concentration. For future product commercialization purpose, quercetin concentration in leaves needs to be equal to its concentration within the range of particle size variation. Quercetin concentration in the leaves (459.91 ppm) was almost equal to that for 2.4 gram herbs in 60<D<16 mesh powder (489.09 ppm). The highest total flavonoid content was achieved in 2.4 gram 60<D<16 mesh herb powder with 41.508 mg QE (Quercetin Equivalent)/g. Therefore, it can be concluded that the anti-atherosclerotic herbs contain quercetin.Atherosclerosis is plaque formation in the arteries which will further develop into plaque, narrowing and shocking the artery. Continuous plaque formation leads to acute and chronic inflammation and soon develop into atherosclerosis. A combination of herbs in form of drink, consist of tanjung leaves (Mimusops elengi L.), starfruit leaves (Averrhoa carambola L.), and temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza R.) is empirically believed to be anti-atherosclerotic; because it contains quercetin that initiate anti-inflammatory activity. Quercetin concentration test was conducted using an aluminum chloride colorimetric assay with variations in particle size (simplicia, 60<D<16 mesh powder, and D≤60 mesh powder) and herb mass, which further extracted in reflux and infusion method. Herbs with 60<D<16 mesh size and D≤60 mesh powder were extracted by infusion in 200 mL water, and leaf herbs were extracted by reflux in 600 mL water. The results show that increases in extracted herb mass related to the increasing in quercetin...


There are currently 20 occupational therapy programs across Australia/New Zealand. These programs had a combined intake in excess of 1100 students in 2004, with a predicted increase for future. It is proposed that increasing enrolments in occupational therapy programs will enable the profession to meet workforce demands, but the consequence of this is a greater demand for fieldwork placements. In 2003, a meeting of fieldwork coordinators across Australia
and New Zealand (Australian and New Zealand Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Academics—ANZOTFA) explored the implications of these trends.

Creative models for fieldwork placements and supervision are currently used in Australia/New Zealand and worldwide. The ANZOTFA believe that a broad range of fieldwork models are required to provide placements for growing student numbers. Adoption of diverse models for fieldwork has the
potential to increase numbers in a broad range of facilities
and services, and allows exposure to and preparation for new and alternative roles for occupational therapy.


This article discusses the properties of mixed distribution,leads to structure the form of mixed risk by using differential method.As the most common application of insurance risk,the determination method of premium was also given.


Objective To investigate the expression of hBD-2 in human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by influenza virus split vaccine.Methods Human bronchial epithelial cells were isolated,cultured and then stimulated by influenza virus split vaccine at various concentrations.The hBD-2 mRNA and protein in cultured cells were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA methods respectively.The bacteriostasis effects were tested with supernatant of cell culture after vaccine stimulation.Results After stimulation with influenza virus split vaccine 1.0 μg/ml for 12h the expression of hBD-2 mRNA and protein increased compared to controls(P0.05);the expression was decreased at 24h.The condensed supernatant acquired the ability of bacteriostasis.Conclusion Influenza virus split vaccine can significantly enhance the expression of hBD-2 in human bronchial epithelial cells and may have a role in bacteriostasis.


After 12 years, and some identity crisis, the Hong Kong Filmart & Expo cements its foothold as one of the key buyers markets in Asia. Fresh from the event in April, SIMON DE BRUYN examines how the Australian FIlm industry is taking advantage of this strengthening market.


A method for assisting the driver of a motor vehicle comprises the steps of: - determining context data by means of an environment sensor of the motor vehicle, - extracting environment features from the environment data - determining an environment situation because of the environmental characteristics and - Enabling the driver assist systems because of the environmental situation.


This paper provides a method for the L1 analysis of sampled-data systems, by which we mean the computation of their L∞-induced norm. We first apply the lifting approach to sampled-data systems and derive an operator theoretic representation of their input/output relation. We then apply fast-lifting by which the sampling interval [0, h) is divided into M subintervals with an equal width, and provide methods for computing the L∞-induced norm. Specifically, we use an idea of kernel approximation approach, in which the kernel function of an input operator and the hold function of an output operator are approximated by staircase or piecewise linear functions. Furthermore, it is shown that the approximation errors in staircase or piecewise linear approximation are ensured to be reciprocally proportional to M or M2, respectively.


Objective
To explore the expression pattern of neuroligin1 in enteric nervous system (ENS) of rats and elucidate the relationship between neuroligin1 and ENS or related diseases.

Methods
Intestinal tissues were harvested from 30 Wistar embryonic rats at the timepoints of 16th day pregnancy (E16), 18th day pregnancy (E18), 20th day pregnancy (E20) and 1st birth (B1). Double-immunofluorescent labeling, Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used for observing the expression of neuroligin1 during each period.

Results
During the periods of E16, E18, E20 and B1, double-immunofluorescent labeling showed that the average optical density of positive area was E16(0.046±0.031), E18(0.146±0.033), E20(0.233±0.034), B1(0.345±0.344). And their differences had statistical significance (F=441.614, P<0.05). Western blot showed that the average protein expression was E16(0.053±0.025), E18(0.146±0.024), E20(0.249±0.034) and B1(0.533±0.049). And their differences had statistical significance (F=1070.296, P<0.05). qRT-PCR indicated that the comparative mean concentrations of mRNA was E16 (2.543±1.294), E18(4.637±1.830), E20(6.814±1.552) and B1(8.345±1.364). And their differences had statistical significance (F=81.440, P<0.05). At the same time, the expression trend of mRNA during four periods agreed with the results of Western blot.

Conclusions
During the periods of E6 to B1, neuroligin1 increases gradually along with ENS growth in rats. The earlier onset of an abnormal expression of neuroligin1, the greater severity of correlative diseases. And ENS diseases related with neuroligin1 are mostly congenital developmental malformations.

Key words:
Rats; Embryo; Enteric nervous System; Gene expression


Metal-ion clusters involving alkaline earth metal and perchlorate ions, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) have been studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Three types of metal...


Measure of social security level in different countries and regions should according to its actual economic development level and income distribution,combining the gross indicators and component composition indicators of social security level,which will perspective social security"s problems in different countries and regions.


Genetic programming is a methodology for program development, consisting of a special form of genetic algorithm capable of handling parse trees representing programs , that has been successfully applied to a variety of problems. In this paper a new approach to the construction of neural networks based on genetic programming is presented. A linear chromosome is combined to a graph representation of the network and new operators are introduced, which allow the evolution of the architecture and the weights simultaneously without the need of local weight optimization. This paper describes the approach, the operators and reports results of the application of the model to several binary classiication problems.


The expansion of broadband networks including Fiber To The Home (FTTH), and the change of network infrastructure such as the integration of the telephone communication and video broadcasting services, have caused a rapid increase of backbone network traffic in inter-city networks. The average amount of network traffic at Japan's main Internet exchange (IX) points reached approximately 800 Gbps in November 2007, according to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. This figure was 2.5 times higher than that in November 2004. Against this background, telecommunication carriers have been developing high-speed, large-capacity transmission systems to build the infrastructure for next-generation networks (NGN), and so have been investing heavily in those transmission systems. In the latest optical transmission system using wavelength


This paper presents a trajectory-tracking method using disturbance observer-based model predictive control (MPC) for small autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV). The goal of the work is to design a robust motion controller for AUVs under the system constraints and unknown disturbances such as hydrodynamics and ocean currents. Super-twisting-algorithm (STA) is employed to design the disturbance observer and its output is used and included in the feedback linearization law to compensate for the disturbances. The control inputs are generated using the MPC design with the nominal linearized model. Simulation results are included to validate the effectiveness of the control design and also compare with the traditional MPC motion control.


Cerium oxide films of preferred orientation are electrodeposited under anodic conditions. A complexing ligand, acetate, was used to stabilize the cerium (III) ion in solution for deposition of the thin films. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the ligand and metal tended to bind as a weakly bidentate complex. The crystallite size of the films was in the nanometer range as shown by Raman spectroscopy and was calculated from X-ray diffraction data. Crystallite sizes from 6 to 20 nm were obtained under the anodic deposition conditions. Sintering of the (111) oriented films showed an increase in the (111) orientation with temperatures up to 900°C. Also, the crystallite size increased from 20 nm to 120 nm under sintering conditions. Addition of the deposited films to the substrate improved corrosion resistance for the substrate.


Micro-Helm is a PC based mission visualization system that can be employed for comprehensive monitoring of mission system states during operation. Micro-Helm was designed as a cost-effective system solution that can be adapted to multiple missions in various mission lifecycle phases. It has been successfully applied to DS1 mission during its entire operation phases and Mars Odyssey mission during its launch and orbit-insertion phase, providing scenario design and validation.


Fundamental understanding of liquid flow through microchannels is important to the design and optimization of microfluidic devices. The objective of the current study is to experimentally investigate the effects of surface roughness on the flow characteristics in rectangular PDMS microchannel with a hydraulic diameter ranging from 66.67 to 200 /spl mu/m. The experimental results are compared with the predictions from the conventional laminar flow theory. A significant difference between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions is found. Experimental results indicate that the pressure gradient and flow friction in microchannels are higher than those from the conventional laminar flow theory. This may be attributed to the fact that there exists the effect of surface roughness of the microchannels. The present results with a surface roughness model are compared with the experimental results to examine the validity of the model. It is found that there is a good agreement between the experimental data and the numerical predictions with a surface roughness model.


1) From new calculus-formations, deposited on Mylar foils within 4 - 12 days, ultrathinsections were taken after alcohol-fixation. In the electronmicroscopical microanalyzer of Duncumb (5) we carried out Ca/P-measurements as well as relative-quantitative Ca- und P-determinations in microareas of mineralized and unmineralized tissue. 2) From the same person, 1 - 12 days after cleaning of the teeth, we also took the calculusformations, transfered them on Nylon foils, evaporated them with Al and carried out full quantitative Ca- und P-measurements in a normal microprobe. Concerning 1) our Ca/P values of partly mineralized microareas of the 4 days-foil are in the range of 0.95 - 1,3 and are far below the Ca/P molar ratio of apatite (1,67). Also the Ca/P ratios of mineralized microareas of older formations (e.g. 12 days) were found to ly normally below apatitic. The Ca/P-ratios of the neighbouring unmineralized microareas normally were even below those of the mineralized ones and increased with increasing Ca- and P-enrichment in the tissue. From this we conclude that Ca-enrichment in the tissue is the important step leading to nucleation which causes a further P-enrichment above the normal P-level in the tissue (probably by binding of HPO4-groups). This conclusion is supported by most of the results of 2).


We study the online submodular maximization problem with free disposal under a matroid constraint. Elements from some ground set arrive one by one in rounds, and the algorithm maintains a feasible set that is independent in the underlying matroid. In each round when a new element arrives, the algorithm may accept the new element into its feasible set and possibly remove elements from it, provided that the resulting set is still independent. The goal is to maximize the value of the final feasible set under some monotone submodular function, to which the algorithm has oracle access. For k-uniform matroids, we give a deterministic algorithm with competitive ratio at least 0.2959, and the ratio approaches 1/α∞ ≈ 0.3178 as k approaches infinity, improving the previous best ratio of 0.25 by Chakrabarti and Kale (IPCO 2014), Buchbinder et al. (SODA 2015) and Chekuri et al. (ICALP 2015). We also show that our algorithm is optimal among a class of deterministic monotone algorithms that accept a new arriving element only if the objective is strictly increased. Further, we prove that no deterministic monotone algorithm can be strictly better than 0.25-competitive even for partition matroids, the most modest generalization of k-uniform matroids, matching the competitive ratio by Chakrabarti and Kale (IPCO 2014) and Chekuri et al. (ICALP 2015). Interestingly, we show that randomized algorithms are strictly more powerful by giving a (non-monotone) randomized algorithm for partition matroids with ratio 1/α∞ ≈ 0.3178. Finally, our techniques can be extended to a more general problem that generalizes both the online sub-modular maximization problem and the online bipartite matching problem with free disposal. Using the techniques developed in this paper, we give constant-competitive algorithms for the submodular online bipartite matching problem.


This study investigates the flow of a thin annular film driven by an axial force in a micro-tube. Partial wetting is taken into account using the diffuse interface theory and the film dynamics is approximated by a long-wave mesoscopic model. One of the goals is to understand the transition between partial wetting and complete wetting when the driving force increases. Two scenarios, depending on the curvature, lead to complete wetting. For low curvature, complete wetting arises by ridge spreading, whereas for a sufficiently large curvature, it arises via coating of the sliding ridge. The latter regime has no equivalent for plane substrates. The transition between the two scenarios is explained as an exchange of solution branches involving a solution composed of merged ridges.


A gynandromorph adult of the lawn ground cricket Polionemobius mikado (Shiraki, 1913) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae) was collected from a natural population. It had complete male forewings and a female ovipositor at the end of abdomen. A normal male that encountered the gynandromorph performed a courtship song and tried to transmit a spermatophore, whereas a normal female was indifferent to the gynandromorph. The gynandromorph showed aggressive behavior toward the normal male but not against the normal female. The gynandromorph raised its forewings immediately after the antenna touched the body of the normal male and female, but no sound was produced. Overall, the gynandromorph behaved as a male, but was courted by conspecific males. Thus, the sexual identity of the gynandromorph was masculine, but sexual attractiveness was feminine.


There are lots of factors needed to be seriously studied in western development, among which the four most prominent advantages are those of natural resources, regional featured economy, industrial technology and market linking with the frontier trade. An emphatic understanding and accuurate amploying them may have an importance of current significance in strengthening the confidence of the development and in working out the efficient plains for the development.


The purpose of this study is to make better understanding of the m ec hanism and cause of land use change deeply,anticipate the land use change patte rn in the future,and make relevant policies. Methods of documentation and compa rison were employed. The study point out the drawback of current land use change models,that is,how to model the land use driving force,how to syncretize the land use data,how to analyze the scale of the driving force and the natural fe edback mechanism of land use change. It is concluded that human factors,scales and regional factors need to be considered in future land use change models.


BACKGROUND
 Objective measures such as vital signs and lab values only provide a partial view of a patient's condition. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs)1 and Patient reported experience measures (PREMs)1 are subjective reports shared by patients that can help complete this view by filling in gaps that other methods are incapable of assessing such as pain levels, patient experience, motivation, human factors, patient related outcomes and health priorities. Machine learning, the use of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience, is a powerful tool in healthcare that often does not utilize subjective information shared by patients.2 Furthermore, earlier implementations of machine learning in medicine were developed without patient or public input and may be missing priorities and measures that matter to patients. Public and patient involvement can bring these measures together by defining end-user experience, meaning, patient priorities and implementation thus providing enriched data for machine learning and more functional PROMS and PREMs.
 Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are questionnaires measuring the patients' views of their health status. Patient reported experience measures (PREMs) refer to data collected from patients on their experience within the health. These questionnaires can help understand the patient perspective to identify goals for care and evaluate the impact of care.
 Machine learning is an application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that trains systems to automatically learn and improve from experience. In the past decade, machine learning has given us practical speech and speech to text recognition, algorithms for medical diagnosis, improvements in predictive epidemiology and public health, and prognostic treatment models. While this is a powerful tool, these algorithms are only as reliable and free from bias as the data that is used to build and train them.3
 This review of reviews looks at ways to integrate machine learning with patient reported outcomes for the development of improved public and patient partnership in research and health care.

 OBJECTIVE
 What can we learn from existing systematic reviews about the best methods for combining machine learning and patient reported outcomes?
1. How are the public engaged as involved partners in the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine?
2. What examples of good practice can we identify for the integration of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) into machine learning algorithms?
3. How has value-based healthcare influenced the development of artificial intelligence in healthcare?

 METHODS
 Searches
 This review covers a broad range of interrelated topics where we will assess the overall data by conducting three separate scoping reviews. The first review will focus on the intersection of AI and PROMS. The second scoping review will focus on AI and public involvement. The third will focus on AI and value-based healthcare. We have chosen to do three separate scoping reviews instead of one or multiple systematic reviews in order to more efficiently identify knowledge gaps and investigate the way the research was conducted.4,5 Preliminary searches have indicated that large bodies of knowledge have been published concerning the integration of PROMs into statistical methods6,7,8, but few have indicated frameworks for public and patient involvement in the development of artificial intelligence. Search strategies for each review were developed with the team and reviewed by our information specialist (CS). Our search strategies utilize controlled terms and a range of techniques to optimise sensitivity. No language restrictions will be applied. Each review will include relevant date restrictions to further isolate informative and innovative research.
 The MEDLINE database will be used to identify initial search results. Initial search results will be reviewed to confirm there are no significant exclusions. Once the final search strategy has been identified, we will expand our search to the following information sources: Ovid MEDLINE(R), EMBASE, PsycINFO, Science Citation Index, Cochrane Library, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, PROSPERO. For search strategies see appendix-1
Types of Study to be Included
 We will include systematic reviews and overviews published in any language. Reviews will be included if they searched a minimum two databases, appraised the included studies, provided synthesis of the data and information retrieved. All findings will be reviewed and discussed by members of the author team until consensus is reached. Once a preliminary set of eligible studies has been identified for each review based on outcome measures and broad inclusion criteria, we will progress to the next stage of evaluation. Each eligible study will be further evaluated based on more narrow inclusion criteria in order to select the most relevant and informative research for each review.
Types of Study to be Excluded
 Upon initial screening of title and abstract, we will exclude articles meeting any of the following criteria:
• Papers not dealing with any form of or related forms of Artificial Intelligence
• Papers in which no relevant outcomes are reported
• Papers describing protocols for future studies
• Papers dealing with animal models
• Papers in which the full paper is not accessible

Condition or Domain being studied
 We are investigating three domains. In the first scoping review, we will study examples of how the general public has been involved in Artificial Intelligence development where the outcomes include aspects of the trial and the experiences and perspectives of the public, participants, or researchers. The second review will focus on machine learning algorithms that have utilized Patient Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMs) to improve their performance on a healthcare related task. This will include any research study that is investigating the use of PROMs to improve diagnostic or treatment approaches. The third review will investigate artificial intelligence research that has focused on value-based care. Studies that have utilized artificial intelligence to investigate, evaluate, or design value-based care systems will be included.

Public and Patient Involvement
Patients and members of the public will be involved in the review and will be trained to screen titles and abstracts as well as risk or bias and quality assessment. They will be named as authors at that time if they have met the standards for authorship. Funding constraints and COVID-19 restrictions prevented us from involving them more actively in protocol building.

Dissemination
The research will be disseminated via social media and presented by the authors at conferences and convenings. The lessons learned and the findings will be used to teach our teens and young adult learners at the Stanford Anesthesia Summer Institute.

 RESULTS
 Main Outcomes
The following outcomes will be considered:
• Public involvement in artificial intelligence research planning, conduct, or management
• Public Involvement in research analysis
• Research recruitment, enrolment, and retention
• Factors that affect cooperation and participation
• Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs)
• Patient reported experience measures (PREMs)
• Ethics related to the inclusion of patient reported information in AI
• Factors relating to participant interaction with AI
• Barriers to acquiring PROMs and PREMs for use in AI research
• Cost-effectiveness outcomes relating to inclusion of PROMs and PREMs in AI research

Measures of effect
 Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies will be included in our reviews. If sufficient quantitative studies relating to the inclusion of PROMs in AI warrant a meta-analysis, we will perform it and calculate a weighted effect across the studies using a random effects model. After utilizing a random effects model, it may still be desirable to identify sources of heterogeneity. If this is the case, we will utilize a subgroup analysis approach to investigate the reasons for heterogeneity.
Data Extraction
 The flow of information through the different stages of our review will be guided by the PRISMA flow chart.9 First, we will identify records through database searching and other sources as described in appendix 1. Relevant results from each database and source of information will then be downloaded into Zotero, a management software for managing research materials. Results will then be uploaded into Covidence, an online tool for screening references, for screening and analysis. After uploading into Covidence, we will remove duplicate records. Titles and abstract of potentially relevant articles will then be screened independently by at least two reviewers against the relevant inclusion criteria. Discrepancies will be resolved through discussion with the entire group when necessary. Individuals recruited from the Cochrane Task Exchange, Stanford Medicine X and Stanford Science Technology and Medicine Summer Internships will co-produce the study design and will be active in screening, data extraction, analysis, prioritizing what to report, and editing and authoring tasks.
 After excluding initial search results that do not meet our inclusion criteria, we will begin to review the full text of included records. Full text review will be conducted by at least two authors with an additional author reserved to mediate areas where agreement is uncertain. Authors will then come to agreement through discussion. The full paper review will result in the final set of included records. The authors will provide tables to show the characteristics of the included studies as seen in Table 1, and an additional table to show author, year, exclusion reason for excluded full studies as seen in Table 2.
Table 1: Table of Included Studies
Study Name Intervention Enablers Barriers Outcomes Results
Example Stud


The study determined the effect of cutting parameters on the surface residual stress of face-milled pearlitic ductile iron with a view to enhancing surface integrity of machined parts in the manufacturing industries. The pearlitic ductile iron used for this study was prepared and four cutting parameters were considered. The results obtained showed that the average surface residual stress of the machined surfaces was tensile and increased significantly with increase in depth of cut. Feed rate and cutting speed exhibited some effect, though not statistically significant, on average surface residual stress. The average residual stress was found to decrease significantly and drastically from 605.39 MPa to 101.72 MPa as cutting fluid flow rate increased from 0 l/min to 4 l/min. The study concluded that out of all four cutting parameters investigated, the cutting fluid flow rate has most considerable influence on the surface residual stress of the machined pearlitic ductile iron. KEywoRDS Cutting Parameters, Face Milling, Pearlitic Ductile Iron, Surface Residual Stress


Background: Approximately 30% of Sjögren ' s Syndrome (SS) patients develop Ectopic Lymphoid Structures (ELS) in their salivary glands (SG). ELS play an active role in autoimmunity and contribute to the development of MALT lymphoma. Interleukin 27 (IL-27) exerts key immunomodulatory actions on CD4 T cells with both pro and anti-inflammatory roles but its role in the formation and reg-ulationof ELSinthe salivaryglandsof SSisunknown. Objectives: We first used a murine model of inducible SG ELS to elucidate the role of IL-27 and its interaction with IL-17 in the regulation of ELS formation and function. We then extended our observations on a cohort of SS patients to identify IL-27 cellular source, target cells and functional properties in modulating peripheral andlesionalCD4 Tcells function. Methods: To trigger ELS formation a single dose of reporter-encoding adenovirus was delivered directly to the SG of wild-type (WT) and IL-27RA-deficient (KO) mice. For IL-17 blockade anti-mouse IL-17A antibody was administered systemically. ELS development and peripheral immune responses were tracked by immuno-histopathology, FACS, and qPCR. Minor SG biopsies were collected from SS and non-specific sialadenitis (sicca) patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from patients and age/sex matched healthy donors (HD). For in vitro experiments PBMCs, isolated CD4 T cells and parotid gland MCs were incubated with IL-27 and analysed by FACS for CD4 T cell subsets while cytokines levels were measured intracellularly by FACS and in culture supernatants.Tissue IL-27 wasassessedinSSSGsectionsby multicolour immu-nofluorescencetoidentifyIL-27producingcells. Results: In WT mice, SG ELS formation was preceded by an upregulation of IL-27p28 and infiltration of IL-27 producing cells (CD11b+ first followed by CD4 and CD8 T cells). KO mice displayed larger, more abundant ELS in the SG with more germinal centres and higher levels of ELS-related genes ( Cxcl13 , Ccl19, Ltb , Aid ) compared to WT mice. During ELS formation, KO mice had an uncontrolled SG Th17 response and systemic IL-17A blockade caused reduction in ELS size and in the expression of ELS-related genes. In SS patients SG and serum, we observed higher expression levels of IL-27 transcripts and protein, respectively, compared to sicca,whileSGIL-27was selectivelyincreasedintheELS+subset ofSS.Immuno-fluorescencestainingforIL-27revealeditspresenceprimarilyintheTcellrichareasofSGELSwithfrequentco-localizationwithDC-LAMP


Abstract : Canine detection of buried land mines is thought to be an olfactory process, and efforts are now underway to develop electronic sensing of explosive vapors. Because the quantity and identity of these vapors is critical, the fluxes of explosive-related vapors from several types of land mine have been measured. The flux is in turn subject to a number of environmental constraints. Here, the influence of temperature over a range of -4 to 34 deg C is reported. To obtain these measurements, the land mines were confined in bags made of polyvinylfluoride (Tedlar) or submerged in water. Emitted vapors collected on the bag surfaces or in water were subsequently determined by HPLC-UV. Fluxes of TNT and its volatile impurities or RDX are well described by a simple exponential of temperature and were related to the size, type of casing, and the degree to which it was sealed. These tests also revealed the importance of water or as an environmental influence. Decreased fluxes in air compared to water were probably caused by mass transport resistance. In most cases, 2, 4-DNT was the principal component of the signature.


A very small, localized, authigenic carbonate deposit within the lower part of the middle and early late Eocene Humptulips Formation in Grays Harbor County, Washington, preserves a molluscan fauna that is unique among recognized ancient chemosynthetic assemblages because the dominant faunal member is a large loxonematoidean gastropod, Abyssochrysos raui, sp. nov. The associated megafauna includes an unidentified neritiform gastropod, modiolid, thyasirid, and lucinid bivalves, numerous specimens of the bivalve Vesicomya sp., worm tubes, and crustacean fragments. This is the first record of the genus Abyssochrysos from the northeastern Pacific Ocean, the oldest record for the genus, and the first report of Abyssochrysos from a chemosynthetic environment. I N T R O D U C T I O N The gastropod superfamily Loxonematoidea Koken, 1889, has a diverse pre-Cretaceous fossil record worldwide (Hoare & Sturgeon, 1985), but is almost unknown in Tertiary rocks. The Loxonematoidea contains only two surviving families; the Provannidae Waren & Ponder, 1991, and the Abyssochrysidae Tomlin, 1927. The Provannidae presently includes four genera (Waren & Bouchet, 1993), and almost all are exclusively from hydrothermal vents or cold seeps. The only fossil record for the Provannidae is Provanna antiqua Squires, 1995, from late Eocene and Oligocene cold-seep deposits in Washington State (Goedert & Campbell, 1995; Squires, 1995). The Abyssochrysidae includes five living species, and all are rare: Abyssochrysos bicinctum Bouchet, 1991, from the Makassar Strait, Indonesia; A. brasilianum Bouchet, 1991, from the continental slope, southeastern Brazil; A. eburneum (Locard, 1897), from off of northwestern Africa; A. melanioides Tomlin, 1927, from bathyal depths off South Africa (Houbrick, 1979) and southeast Asia (Bouchet, 1991); and A. melvilli (Schepman, 1909) from bathyal depths in the Indo-West-Pacific (Figure 1). The only previous fossil record for the genus Abyssochrysos was from early Miocene strata at Suva, Fiji, where fossils of A. melvilli have been found (Ladd, 1977; Houbrick, 1979). Little is known about the ecology of Abyssochrysos, and Abyssochrysos has not been reported previously from chemosynthetic environments. A fossil molluscan assemblage preserved in an authigenic carbonate deposit within the Humptulips Formation in western Washington was first described by Goedert & Squires (1990). We have discovered another previously unrecognized paleocommunity within a cold-seep carbonate (CSUN loc. 1583) in the lower part of the Humptulips Formation (Figure 2), and the purpose of this paper is to Page 66 The Veliger, Vol. 39, No. 1 . bicinctum V , A. melvilli _ Abyssochrysos melanioides ^ ^ ^


Aneurysms of branches of the external carotid artery are most uncommon. While they have been described involving every branch, the artery most commonly affected is the superficial temporal artery, usually as a result of trauma. I Aneurysms of the lingual artery, on the other hand, are most uncommon.'" The purpose of this article is to present a case of bilateral idiopathic aneurysms of the lingual arteries that manifested in spontaneous rupture of one of the aneurysms.


The invention relates to a cold rolling lubricating agent for tungsten and tungsten alloy plates and strips. No. 46 full-loss system oil is adopted as base oil, a variety of compound additives are used for matching, and the compound additives comprise an anti-wear agent, an oiliness agent, an antioxidant preservative, a defoaming agent, a metal deactivator, a detergent, a dispersant and the like. The lubricating agent has higher adsorption, dispersion and bearing capacities and can be used for ensuring the formation of a layer of uniform and continuous oil film between a roller and a rolled piece, reducing the friction coefficient during the rolling process, reducing adhesion and coking of the rolled piece and the roller and realizing better lubrication, cooling, cleaning and thermal oxidation stabilization performances.


Two chip-sets have been developed for Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) applications. One chip-set') is optimized for demodulating Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) signals received from a satellite. The other diip-se+) is developed for receiving Quadrature Amplitude Modulated (QAM) signals in a cable environment.


A. 2-D arrayed planar microlens with a diameter of 180 μm was monolithically integrated by an ion exchange technique. The focal length of the lens was 0.45 mm and N.A. was as large as 0.2. Distance between each lens is about 190 pm in the longitudinal direction and 300 μm in the vertical direction. Aberration of the lens can be controlled by applied voltage at the electromigration.


Entropy generation phenomenon is applied in reactors, turbines, natural convection, chillers, functional and regular graded materials. Irreversibility of a system and surroundings in Powell–Eyring fluid is analyzed in this research article. Flow is deformed by an inclined sheet. Measure of irreversibility is also called entropy. Rate of Entropy generation is calculated by considering heat transfer, radiation and viscous dissipation phenomena. Thermal stratification (nonlinear) and heat generation/absorption are incorporated in heat transport while solutal stratification (nonlinear) and chemical reaction have taken part in mass transport. Mixed convection phenomenon is also accounted here. To obtain the analytical solutions of nonlinear and non-dimensional governing equations homotopic analysis method is applied. The behavior of emerging parameters is discussed comprehensively via velocity, temperature and concentration profile. Entropy generation can be minimized by small values of Prandtl number and Eckert number. Thus, these physical phenomena can be used as a cooling agent in various industrial processes.


Professional developers use software frameworks for the benefits of architectural reuse: the process of applying previously proven designs to new applications in a given domain. Unfortunately, for frameworks to support architectural reuse, frameworks must impose constraints on developers applications. The constraints derive from the assumptions that frameworks make to interact with a diverse set of applications. To investigate how framework imposed constraints affect developers, I conducted a human study on debugging violations of framework constraints. From this study, I found that the most time-consuming difficulty developers faced was caused by the state restrictions on objects in the framework. I also found that developers had difficulty fixing state-based framework bugs, even when provided the failure location, implying that fixing the bug is the hardest step of the framework application debugging process. To address this issue, I propose FrameFix: a technique to automatically repair state violations in frameworks. The central innovations are a language for specifying constraints along with a hybrid (static/dynamic) analysis to identify and localize violations in framework clients. I will then evaluate the accuracy of the generated repairs on sample programs with framework state violations. The ultimate goal of the tool is to provide a way for framework designers to improve developer experience and reduce the challenges of framework development.


According to the results of literary research it is possible to univocally state thatthe geographical proximity between enterprises of a similar profile of activity facilitates theachievement of a higher level of productivity and innovativenesss. The clusters covering thespatial sphere of its location: producers, suppliers, service providers, research units,educational institutions and other units supporting a given sector became an important factorin the economic development of regions. The trend towards interaction and basing on theresources of business partners operating in a given location results from the new trends ofmanagement, among others, the school of resources in strategic management at the top withkey competences and the open innovation paradigm.


In the prospective long‐term Zurich study, we re‐examined the hypothesized association between mental health problems in women and the transition through menopausal stages. One hundred sixty‐eight women from a population‐based Swiss community cohort were prospectively followed up from age 21 to 50. At age 50, the occurrence of hot flushes/night sweats and sleep disturbances was significantly more frequent in peri‐ and post‐menopausal women. Irritability/nervousness was increased only in peri‐menopausal women, but that association was accounted for by neuroticism trait scores at age 30. Transitions to peri‐ or post‐menopause were not related to changes in either the prevalence rates of DSM major depressive episode or anxiety disorders, or the course of psychopathological syndromes as assessed by the Symptom Checklist 90 ‐ Revised. The null associations held when adjusting for duration of reproductive period or age at menopause. Preceding mental health problems between ages 21 and 41, increased neuroticism trait scores at age 30, and concurrent psychosocial distress were significantly related to mental health problems occurring between ages 41 and 50. Depending upon the cut‐off point that was chosen, the arbitrary dichotomization of a continuous depression outcome produced spurious associations with the menopausal transition. We conclude that mental health problems between ages 41 and 50 are probably not directly related to the menopausal transition, and that previously reported associations could be false positives due to inadequate dichotomizations, reporting bias, undisclosed multiple adjustments or overfitting.


The action of promotors and carriers of the Cobalt and Nickel catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction was discussed. The experiments were carried out by an by an ordinary fixed bed-flow system reactor at 150-300° and 100, - 400 space velocity under atmospheric pressure. Co and Ni catalysts, unmodified metallic and variously modified with kieselguhr and ThO2 were examined. At 190°, unmodified metallic Co catalyst produces large amounts of gaseous hydrocarbons, above 98% of which is methane, but produces no liquid hydrocarbons. By some treatments, such as slight pre-carburization or addition of little amounts of various volatile substances into synthesis gas, the unmodified metallic Co catalyst gave higher homologs of hydrocarbon. It was also found that the higher the degree of modification is the higher the degree of unsaturation of products is. For nickel catalysts the same facts were observed. According to these experimental facts, it is concluded that, in the case of unmodified metallic catalysts the velocity of hydrogenation reaction (Vn) is too large comparing with the velocity of C-C bond formation (Vp) to produce liquid hydrocarbons, and that kieselguhr, ThO2 or little amounts of added substances act to establish a suitable relationship between Vp and Vh. A catalyst, which is not modified permanently but is controlled temporarily by a teat-ment, maintains a controlled activity to give liquid hydrocarbons during prolonged reaction.


We report the synthesis and characterization of a self-organized graphene–carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid film consisting of multilayer graphene (MLG) supported by vertical CNTs on a Si substrate. The hybrid film shows an interesting structure of graphene in connecting to vertical CNTs while maintaining ohmic contact at its junction. The in situ formation of a CNT–graphene heterojunction is confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The as-obtained film shows a linear relationship for electrical conductance with significantly low resistance varying from 100–400 Ω on Si substrate. This hybrid film is inverted and transferred to flexible substrates for its application in flexible electronics, demonstrating an observable variation of electrical conductivity for both tension and compression. Furthermore, both turn-on field and total emission current were found to depend strongly on the bending radius of the film and were found to vary in ranges of 0.8–3.1 V μm−1 and 4.2–0.4 mA, respectively.


Objective To clone and identify P58. 1 gene which encodes natural killer cell inhibitory receptor. Methods The gene which encodes natural killer cell inhibitory receptor was amplified by RT-PCR from total RNA that was extracted from peripheral blood mononu-clear cells(PBMCs). Recombinant cloning vector was constructed and sequenced after enzyme digestion. Results ①Prospective amplified products-P58. 1 gene was obtained by RT-PCR method. ②pSPORT1-P58.1 cloning vector was successfully constructed ,and the enzyme digestion analysis is identical with prospective results. ③sequences are identical with those of the report. Conclusion pSPORTl-P58.1 cloning vector was successfully constructed, P58.1 gene sequences are identical with those of the report. It is a good base for construction of expressing vector and gene transfection.


New diatom species from the genus Cymbella is described, Cymbella pavanaensis from the Pavana River situated in Pimpri-Chinchwad, Pune, Maharashtra, India. The new species description is based on detailed LM and SEM morphological observations. Comparison of the new species with similar, previously-described taxa is made. C. pavanaensis belongs to a group of small-celled species of the genus, which lack differentiated, rounded porelli comprising the apical pore fields. This taxon is reported from a moderately to the highly-polluted urban lotic system, which signifies that even the diatom flora of easily accessible habitats of India is yet to be fully documented.


Adopting the ways of Kalman Filter and Wiener-Granger Instantaneously Causality Test,we analyze the strong correlation between the sentimental indicators of daily individual investors and those of institution investors.We find that investors' inter-influence on investing attitude can explain the stylized fact,and daily investors' sentiment shows a pattern of magnification and spread.These conclusions can help us master and verify investors' character of psychology and behavior.


The utility model discloses a system for automatically identifying an elevator inspection running state. The system comprises an inspection running state-detecting automatic identification unit, a remote data transmission function module and a remote real-time detection system. The system of the utility model is capable of accurately analyzing the change of the current through a main circuit of an elevator, so as to determine the inspection running state in a more reliable and more timely manner. In addition, the system allows remote dynamic supervision and maintenance of the working state, achieving high degree of automation and high accuracy and facilitating an increase in efficiency and a decrease in labor input.


There is continuing debate, in case law and in academic literature, as to the nature of "common law tracing". Some recent cases suggest that a plaintiff can assert a kind of legal property interest in the proceeds of an unauthorized disposition of the plaintiff's property. But the nature of this property interest is poorly understood, while the possibility of asserting a trust interest in the proceeds of an unauthorized disposition is clear and well-established. The author shows that the recent cases are based on a misunderstanding. Since the early 19th century if not before, the common law courts allowed plaintiffs to use common law claims to vindicate equitable interests under a trust. It follows that all proprietary claims to the traceable proceeds of unauthorized dispositions can be understood as founded on trusts arising by operation of law. This approach promises to make the law much simpler and more coherent. There is no room, and no need, to try to make sense of proprietary common law claims to assets that are the traceable proceeds of an unauthorized substitution.


In this work, we propose a method for individualized treatment selection when there are correlated multiple responses for the K treatment ( K≥2 ) scenario. Here we use ranks of quantiles of outcome variables for each treatment conditional on patient‐specific scores constructed from collected covariate measurements. Our method covers any number of treatments and outcome variables using any number of quantiles and it can be applied for a broad set of models. We propose a rank aggregation technique for combining several lists of ranks where both these lists and elements within each list can be correlated. The method has the flexibility to incorporate patient and clinician preferences into the optimal treatment decision on an individual case basis. A simulation study demonstrates the performance of the proposed method in finite samples. We also present illustrations using two different datasets from diabetes and HIV‐1 clinical trials to show the applicability of the proposed procedure for real data.


This paper presents the health training management information system based on C/S and B/S,the system implements management for the bussiness,organization,staff,equipments,process and training methods.It can prove the efficiency of the health training,and guarantee the training quality.


We present an iterative technique in which model checking and static analysis are combined to verify large software systems. The role of the static analysis is to compute partial order information which the model checker uses to reduce the state space. During exploration, the model checker also computes aliasing information that it gives to the static analyzer which can then refine its analysis. The result of this refined analysis is then fed back to the model checker which updates its partial order reduction. At each step of this iterative process, the static analysis computes optimistic information which results in an unsafe reduction of the state space. However, we show that the process converges to a fixed point at which time the partial order information is safe and the whole state space is explored.


In this paper, a linear polarization switchable slot array antenna is proposed. A novel SPDT switch circuit is used in the proposed slot array antenna for polarization switching function. By using the SPDT switch circuit feed the RF signal to the array antenna, the antenna allowing switching orthogonal linear polarization is demonstrated. The excellent design flexibility of the "Both-Sided MIC technology" [1] is effectively employed in forming this type of antenna. The characteristics of this functional antenna are discussed by using simulated results. Consequently, it is verified that the linear polarization of the proposed antenna can be successfully controlled.


The effect of pre-tapping on rubber latex physiology was carried out. The results showed that the yield of dry rubber goes down slightly while the content of inorganic phosphorus(Pi) rises under the treatment of pre-tapping. There is no obvious change in the content of thiols, but sugar in latex goes down , too. Compared with control, it`found that pre-tapping can strength the metabolization of rubber tree.


This article describes an enquiry into education for environmental literacy by a group of secondary school science teachers in the UK as part of a professional development programme. Using participatory action research approaches, the teachers explored ways of maintaining and enhancing the integrity of their subject discipline yet contributing to education for sustainable development. A knowledge- and skills-based model, with a hierarchical structure, was postulated to explain how science education could provide important elements to an overall environmental literacy for their students. Other educational qualities were identified as being essential and the pedagogical implications were explored giving examples of how these might be developed as specific methodologies. The final evaluation of the learning experience by the teachers showed that they found that the approach used here helped them to address their needs, particularly with regard to analysis of pedagogy.


In this paper,a numerical method based on the "Peters-He" generalized dynamic wake theory is established to predict the rotor unsteady aerodynamic loading in forward flight.The 2-D Leishman-Beddoes unsteady aerodynamic theory is employed to account for the effects of compressive and dynamic characteristics on amplitude and phasing of aerodynamic loading.In order to calculate the rotor unsteady aerodynamic characteristics,a uniform "state-space" scheme solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is developed to improve the computational efficiency.The H-34 helicopter is taken as numerical example,and the present method is validated by the comparison of the calculated results with the flight-test data.By the method,the rotor induced velocity,angle of attack and lift distribution varying with advance ratio are calculated,and the effects of rotor geometry parameters(such as tip taper and negative twist)on the rotor aerodynamic characteristics are investigated.Some useful conclusions are presented.


Background. Studies have shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists could ameliorate renal fibrotic lesions in both diabetic nephropathy and nondiabetic chronic kidney diseases. In order to elucidate the antifibrotic mechanism of PPAR-γ agonists, we investigated the effects of PPAR-γ activation on TGF-β1-induced renal interstitial fibroblasts. Methods. In rat renal interstitial fibroblasts (NRK/49F), the mRNA expression of TGF-β1-induced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN) and collagen type III (Col III) were observed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein expressions of FN and Smads were observed by Western blot. Results. In NRK/49F, TGF-β1 enhanced CTGF, FN and Col III mRNA expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. α-SMA, CTGF, FN and Col III mRNA and FN protein expression in 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2)-troglitazone- and ciglitazone-pretreated groups, respectively, were significantly decreased compared with the TGF-β1-stimulated group. TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) enhanced p-Smad2/3 protein expression in a time-dependent manner. Compared with the TGF-β1-stimulated group, p-Smad2/3 protein induced by TGF-β1 in PPAR-γ agonists-pretreated groups significantly decreased with no statistical difference amongst the three pretreated groups. Conclusion. PPAR-γ agonists could inhibit TGF-β1-induced renal fibroblast activation, CTGF expression and ECM synthesis through abrogating the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.


Background: Obesity is an emerging public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa and adult
women are the population group most likely to be obese. Previous research conducted in
high-income countries has demonstrated that high body mass index (BMI) has an adverse
effect on a large number of reproductive outcomes; however no study has investigated this in
Sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods: Cross-sectional data of women (15-49 years) from twenty-seven countries in Sub-
Saharan Africa, collected through the Demographic and Health Surveys, were used to examine
the effect of BMI on female fecundity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Underweight women
(BMI <18.5kg/m2) were excluded. Multivariable regression models were used to examine four
outcomes: (i) subfertility; (ii) time to first conception; (iii) caesarean delivery; (iv) neonatal
death. The fecundity results were supplemented with a systematic review on the effect of
BMI on waiting time to conception.
Results: Increased BMI was associated with significantly increased odds of subfertility (Obese
OR: 1.51; 95% Cl: 1.35-1.69). Five years after first marriage, 17% of non-contracepting obese
(BMI Z30kg/m2) and 12.5% of pre-obese women (BMI 25-29.9kg/r2) had yet to conceive
compared to 9.3% of optimal women (BMI 18.5-24.9kg/r2); however this difference was not
statistically significant (p=0.5378).
Each unit increase in maternal BMI (kg/m2)w as significantly associated with a 7% increase in the odds of caesarean delivery (OR:1 .07;9 5%C l: 1.06-1.08).M maternal obesity as
significantly associated with increased odds of neonatal death (OR:1 .52;9 5%C I:1 .18-1.97).
The association was strongest or deaths occurring in the first week of life to infants delivered
Vaginally (OR: 2.43; 95% Cl: 1.43-3.88).
Conclusions and Implications: Increased BMI is associated with adverse reproductive
outcomes in the Sub-Saharan context. The risk is particularly strong or outcomes occurring
around the intrapartum period. Overweight/obesity should be recognised as a risk actor for
adverse reproductive outcomes i n Sub-Saharan Africa.


Plagues constituted a recurring phenomenon in Russian history for centuries. Russian historians have pointed to them as a natural calamity affecting Russia's population and have emphasized their traumatic effects upon population growth and the economy. However, there was a simplistic quality to the treatment of the plagues by Russian historians, one of which becomes apparent in view of the most common shortcomings of their analysis and emphasis. The shortcomings of the treatment of the historical and social aspects of the plagues by Russian historians can be summarized as follows: (1) The assumption of a homogeneous context for the plague epidemics by a uniform treatment of the plagues regardless of time and place. (2) The exaggerations in assessing the impact of the plagues upon population growth. (3) The neglect to compare the plague epidemics' effects with the effects of other natural calamities and with effects of institutional


Abstract Background Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shed light on the possible impact of sex and estrous/menstrual cycle on ketamine's antidepressant action but with incongruous results. The preclinical studies that have shown the effects of ovarian sex hormones have not done so in animal models of depression. Thus, the aim of the present study is to scrutinize the acute behavioral responses to a subanesthetic dose of S-ketamine in males vs females and in different estrous phases in free-cycling females in a well-powered translational approach. Methods We evaluated the behavioral sensitivity to 20 mg/kg S-ketamine (i.p.) in male and female Flinders Sensitive Line rats (FSLs) and their counterpart Flinders Resistant Line rats (FRLs) subjected to the open field and forced swim tests. Female rats were disaggregated into different estrous phases, and the behavioral outcomes were compared. Results Acute administration of S-ketamine had robust antidepressant-like effects in FSLs. Within our study power, we could not detect sex– or estrous cycle–specific different antidepressant-like responses to S-ketamine in FSLs. Fluctuations in the levels of ovarian sex hormones across different estrous cycles did not behaviorally affect S-ketamine's rapid-acting antidepressant mode of action. No sex-related or estrous cycle–related impact on behavioral despair was observed even among FRLs and saline-treated FSLs. Conclusions We conclude that physiological oscillations of estrogen and progesterone levels neither amplify nor diminish the behavioral antidepressant-like effect of S-ketamine. In addition, fluctuations of ovarian sex hormones do not predispose female animals to exhibit enhanced or reduced depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors.


This paper determines the feasibility of using recycled glass sand as a filler for epoxy mortar floor intermediate coating. Three important quality characteristics of floor intermediate coating including compressive strength, abrasion and usable time are investigated. The four control factors are the combination of the particle size of the recycled glass sand, the ratio of the particle size, the ratio of the raw materials and the types of epoxy resin. Fractional factorial design is used to reduce the number of the experiments. Thus, an L_9 orthogonal array is used to execute the experiments. The optimum combination of factor levels is obtained by making appropriate compromises when different quality characteristics require different optimum levels. Finally, a confirmation experiment is conducted to ensure that improvements in multiple quality characteristics are achieved. The results show that recycled glass sand can be reused as a filler for epoxy mortar floor intermediate coating, which saves energy and reduces carbon consumption and results in a green building material.


Magnetic amplifiers post regulators are often used in multiple output power supplies to achieve independent regulation of the additional outputs. This paper describes a method of constructing saturable reactor regulators which eliminates the square loop requirements and allows the use of magnetically soft materials. The resulting structure is tolerant of small gaps which allows construction using E-E cores and conventional bobbin winding techniques. A simple control scheme using shorted turn flux trapping is shown which provides a very linear control transfer function.


A study is made of faithful representations of the free cyclic (non-associative) groupoid by means of bifurcating root-trees and by means of index polynomials in two indeterminates emphasizing the intimate connection between these representations. The properties of trees and index polynomials are investigated and the concept of lattice of trees is introduced.


Deals with the determination of the nearly best linear estimates of location and scale parameters of a logistic population, when both parameters are unknown, by introducing Bloms semi-empirical α, β-correction′into the asymptotic mean and covariance formulae with complete and ordered samples taken into consideration and various nearly best linear estimates established and points out the high efficiency of these estimators relative to the best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs) and other linear estimators makes them useful in practice.


In October 2009 it was reported that 68 of 101 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in the United States, when tested, were infected with a novel gamma retrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) (Lombardi et al., 2009). XMRV is a recently discovered human gammaretrovirus first described in prostate cancers that shares significant homology with murine leukemia virus (MLV) (Ursiman et al., 2006). It is known that XMRV can cause leukemias and sarcomas in several rodent, feline, and primate species but has not been shown to cause disease in humans. XMRV was detectable in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of individuals diagnosed with CFS (Lombardi et al., 2009). After this report was published there was a great deal of uncertainty surrounding this emergent virus and its involvement in the etiology of CFS. The uncertainty was, in part, due to CFS being a complex, poorly understood multi-system disorder with different disease criteria used for its diagnosis. CFS, also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), is a debilitating disease of unknown origin that is estimated to affect 17 million people worldwide. The initial report connecting XMRV to prostate cancers and CFS garnered significant media and scientific interest since it provided a potential


BOTH THE PROSE WORKS of Seneca and his tragedies are striking for their imagistic or graphic language.' Just as Seneca the philosopher often uses a metaphor, simile, or analogy from everyday life to "concretize" a philosophical abstraction, so the dramatic characters of his tragedies will often elaborate a description of their emotions, or of what they see going on around them, with metaphor or simile, so that the literal picture is overlaid with a metaphorical one.2 Elsewhere I have shown that if we read the images of the tragedies in the light of the moral connotations they carry in the prose works, then the ecphraseis of the tragedies can be seen as vehicles for didactic authorial comment3 which underlies, and sometimes even counters, the speeches' ostensible message.4 The use of description elaborated by figurative language is one of the many features of the Hercules Oetaeus which give it an air of authenticity when set beside the other tragedies of the Senecan dramatic corpus. In what follows, I would like to draw attention to the way in which descriptions of Hercules by the chorus and a messenger in the Hercules Oetaeus contain many echoes of the imagery with which the sapiens and sapientia are described by Seneca in his prose works, and to the way in which this imagery contributes towards an interpretation of Hercules as a Stoic sapiens. Hercules' behavior, including specific details of his physical appearance, is described in two passages of the Hercules Oetaeus: once, in general terms, by the chorus of Oechalian maidens (143-161), and once in a messenger-speech, by Philoctetes, who describes Hercules' behavior as he burns to death on a pyre on Oeta (1618 ff.). This second picture is preceded by Philoctetes' description of the felling of a grove to make a pyre for Hercules (1618 ff.), with particular emphasis on the resistance of


Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors decrease marble burying behavior (MBB), and the effect of several compounds that also attenuate MBB (such as classical antidepressants) engages the nitrergic system. In the present study, we tested the effect of the NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AMG) in attenuating MBB. For comparative reasons, we also tested the effect of selective inhibitors of neuronal (NOS1) and inducible (NOS2) isoforms NPA and 1400W, respectively. Our results indicate that AMG and NPA, but not 1400W, reduced the number of buried marbles in the marble burying test (MBT), which is considered an anticompulsive-like effect. No effect of AMG in the anxietyor locomotor-related parameters of the elevated plus maze was observed. Taken together, our data is consistent with the current literature that suggests that nitric oxide inhibitors, putatively acting through the neuronal isoform of the synthesis enzyme (NOS1), exhibit anticompulsive-like properties. Keywords: marble burying test, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, elevated plus maze, anxiety, repetitive behavior, NOS Repetitive behaviors are prominent elements of the normal repertoire that animals acquire and develop at an early age. These stereotyped movements are regulated by a series of reverberatory loops in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuitry (1). Disruptions or imbalances (such as stressful situations or trauma) in the components of this circuitry lead to pathological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, autism, and obsessive compulsive disorder (2). Transgenic animals lacking docking proteins in cortico striatal glutamatergic synapses exhibit exacerbated repetitive movements, such as grooming and


In modern conditions, some manufacturers reduce the content of fruit raw materials in marshmallows and pastilles. In order to maintain the quality of pastille products at the same level, the All-Russian Research Institute of the Confectionery Industry developed GOST, which regulates the minimum content of fruit raw materials. The analytical defi nition of this indicator is based on the determination of organic acids and macronutrients by capillary electrophoresis and the subsequent calculation of the mass fraction of fruit raw materials.


Amontons' widely cited paper of December 1699 on the subject of friction in machines is not the first to contain his statement of the laws of friction. An earlier paper on a novel heat engine, presented to the Académie Royale des Sciences 6 months earlier, describes the measurements of forces in glass polishing and contains a clear statement that the friction force is independent of contact area and proportional to normal load. The comments in Amontons' paper on the physical origins of the friction force at surface irregularities (asperities) do not appear in the contemporary record of his lecture in December 1699, but were included in the published version after similar ideas had been presented by Philippe de la Hire; credit for these ideas should be given to La Hire rather than to Amontons.


The chemical nature of secretion by the stigma and transmitting tissue in Datura stramoniumwas studied by light microscopy using Sudan black B, Coomasie brilliant blue (CBB), Toluidine blue,Safranin, and PAS. The stigmatic secretion reacted positively for lipids. During development, stigmaticcells became separated and intracellular lipids were transferred to intercellular spaces where theygradually migrated to the stigma surface. Excretion of the lipids was a continuous process and persistedduring maturity and even in pollinated and opened flowers (post-pollinated). Lipid secretion wasassociated with cell autolysis in papillae and in secretory cells of the stigma, particularly in superficiallylocated ones. The transmitting tissue cells also showed glandular activity with the release of apolysaccharide rich substance. The pollen germination and pollen tube growth seem to be closelydependent upon these secretions in Datura stramonium. The different nature of the secretion of thestigma (lipids) versus secretion of the transmitting tissue of the style (carbohydrates), supports thehypothesis that the pollen tube metabolism changes from autotrophic to the heterotrophic upon enteringthe transmitting tissue from the stigma surface.


The 2010 National Conference on Foreign Language Curriculum and College English Teaching Reform was held in Harbin University of Commerce from January 4th to 7th,2012.By reviewing the major points contributed at the conference,this paper attempts to summarize the impact of ICT on College English Reformation,to convey the challenges the integration of ICT into foreign language curriculum faces,and to explore the disciplinary construction of E-educology of foreign languages.


The possibility of a feedback mechanism between nonradiative carrier captures by a deep-level defect and induced transient lattice vibrations is discussed using appropriate configuration coordinate diagrams for many carriers. By treating the lattice motion classically, we self-consistently simulate the time evolution of the interaction mode and a series of athermal captures of electron(s) and hole(s). When both the activation energies Eeact and Ehact are low, a series of successive nonradiative carrier-captures are possible for high carrier densities. However, we find that the possibility of inflation in the amplitude of lattice vibration critically depends on minority carrier capture rate and the relative width of the phonon frequency distribution. Referring to the obtained results, we discuss the phonon-kick mechanism for defect reactions.


These are common tasks in biomedical research. However, regression often involves parametric assumptions (e.g. normality, linearity, constant variance). Similarly, clustering often involves pre-specifying the number of clusters typically unknown to the researcher. Flexible machine learning methods exist for such problems, but they focus on predictive accuracy, making them inadequate for biomedical research applications where inference and interval estimation are of interest.


Islam (that of the great majority) and have neglected the Shi'ites. The present volume aims at providing material which will make it possible for the balance to be redressed. It is essentially a statement of the beliefs of Imamite ShI'ism at the present day. 'Allamah Tabataba'i was born in 1903, is a voluminous author in Persian and Arabic, and is now recognized as one of the leading Imamite theologians. Though he is reported to have made some study of Marxism, there is no sign in the present work of any attempt to come to terms with occidental thought. The author still lives in the world of traditional Islamic theology, virtually untouched by any 'impact of the West'. The great importance of the book, indeed, is that it is a twentieth-century statement of the traditional Imamite position; but this means that it will have more value for the person with considerable background knowledge than for the reader with little or none. The latter, for example, will fail to appreciate that the apparently historical sections, which constitute about half the book, are to a considerable extent polemic against Sunnite Islam, and that the historical accuracy of much of this material has been doubted by both Sunnites and occidental scholars. The more doctrinal and non-historical part, however, will give both expert and neophyte an opportunity for understanding the ethos of Imamite Shl'ism. The way in which the 'Allamah accepts the validity of both exoteric and esoteric aspects of Islam is of special interest.


Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has played an important role in diagnosis and therapy screening of abdominal parenchymal organ trauma because it is more sensitive than conventional ultrasound. This review was to summarize the value of CEUS in diagnosis, therapy screening and treatment of abdominal parenchymal organ trauma on the basis of therapy trend.


The essential oil of Reichardia tingitana L. of the aerial parts (stems and leaves) and flowers extract were obtained by hydrodistillation and extraction methods, respectively, then were analyzed by Gas Chromotography-Mass Spectrometry (GC / MS). Twenty-two components comprising 93.446% of the oil of the aerial parts and forty-five components comprising 98.056% of flowers extract were identified. The major components of aerial parts oil were cinnamaldehyde (29.78%), and undecane (12.99%). The flowers extract contained lanoleic acid ethyl ester (34.146%), hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (20.6%) and linoleic acid methyl ester (8.05%) as the major components. Both oil and extract were examined for their anti-microbial activities against gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungi. The results revealed the potent anti-microbial activity of the oil. Both oil and extract were studied for their cytotoxic activities against three different human cell lines. The oil showed potent cytotoxic activity against tumor cells.


The problems such as non-point pollution,increased runoff flow,frequent waterlogging are prominent in urban area of China,and the traditional design philosophy of drainage is far from enough to meet the requirements of "green infrastructure",which is a new design philosophy of urban drainage systems."Detention and retention" are widely used measures in urban stormwater management.In practice,the facilities are designed according to the specific conditions of project and the requirements of urban stormwater management system with different control objectives,such as controlling runoff pollution,harvesting rainwater,reducing runoff flow and controlling waterlogging.The concept of detention and retention,facility types and application are introduced,and the design principle and criterion of detention and retention facilities with different control objectives are expounded to provide a reference for the rational design of detention and retention facilities according to different control objects in urban stormwater management.


A successful clinical outcome of endodontically treated teeth depends on adequate root canal instrumentation (1,2) and three-dimensional obtuartion (3,4) as well as on adequate restorative treatment performed afterwards (5). The loss of more than a half of the coronal tooth structure, caused by caries, fracture or extensive cavity preparation, mandates the use of posts (6) as they provide restorations with enhanced retention and stability (7). Traditionally used metal posts do not meet the requirements of modern dental medicine, due to disadvantages such as color, corrosion potential, non-adhesive bonding and high modulus of elasticity which can lead to root fracture. In order to enhance the esthetic aspects, physical properties and biocompatibility, a wide range of esthetic posts have been developed and become commercially available. In addition to esthetic and health benefits, they hold the capacity of adhesive bonding to tooth tissue and core buildup and that potentiates the creating of the monoblock, a gapfree single unit in which the loading stresses are evenly distributed and borne by all the monoblock components (8).


Abstract Studies on gas holdup have been carried out in a draft tube gas-liquid-solid fluidised-bed bioreactor treating phenolic wastewater at different feed concentrations of phenol, feed flowrates and air flowrates. From the data obtained through a set of experimental runs, an empirical correlation was developed for the overall gas holdup using dimensional analysis. It was found that the gas holdup increases with the flow rate of air and decreases with increase in the flow rate of water. In the concentration range considered in the study the variation of feed concentration of phenol did not affect the gas holdup.


Introduction: Sustained pathological sympathetic activation that accompanies heart failure (HF) contributes to the progression of myocardial injury and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Neprilysin (NEP) degrades natriuretic peptides (NP) and attenuates the beneficial effects of natriuretic peptide signaling. We utilized radiofrequency renal nerve denervation (RF-RDN) in a rodent model of hypertension and heart failure to investigate whether renal efferent activity regulates NEP activity and regulates NP levels and signaling. Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) 20 weeks of age were subjected to 45 min of Left Anterior Descending coronary artery ligation followed by 12 weeks of reperfusion (Rep). 4 weeks following Rep, rats underwent either surgical bilateral radiofrequency RF-RDN (n=9) or sham RF-RDN (n=8) procedure (Biosense Webster Stockert 70 RF generator). Every 2 weeks, transthoracic echocardiograms were performed using Vevo 2100 (Visualsonics) to assess LV function. At 12 weeks plasma bra...


Background: Acute ischemia typically results in a flaccid paralysis. An immediate spastic hemiparesis following ischemia has rarely been reported. One case involved a left hemispheric transient ischemic attack and the other cases occurred after intracerebral hemorrhage. Case Report: A 46-year-old male developed an immediate spastic hemiplegia shortly after coil embolization of an unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm. A CT perfusion scan at the time of these symptoms demonstrated hypoperfusion in the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory. The patient was emergently taken back to the angiography suite where he was found to have right A2 ACA occlusion. Following abciximab infusion, the artery recanalized and the patient's symptoms resolved. Repeat CT perfusion demonstrated resolution of the perfusion deficit in the right ACA territory and the patient's neurological exam remained normal. Conclusion: Acute ACA ischemia can present with spasticity in the hyperacute period instead of flaccid paralysis.


Summary: A case of tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis is reported in a 75 year old lady. The possible role of an epithelioma of the gingival mucosa in the development of this exceptional fungal infection in an adult is discussed. Ketoconazole proved to be efficacious while griseofulvin was not.


Different goals and potential audiences determine that two types of environmental performance assessments (comparative vs. absolute) can be distinguished. Whether sitespecific environmental conditions are accounted for constitutes an underlying watershed between them. As a result, disparate metrics are needed to accommodate these different assessments, which essentially demand "realism" to different extents. In the context of sustainability, the dilemma of pursuing "relative" or "actual" environmental outcomes is getting more prominent. A four-class scheme is proposed for classifying metrics in such a manner that appropriate metrics for either comparative or absolute assessment can be identified, respectively. Discussion is also given to the metrics of each class, in terms of their different characteristics and utilization.


This article discusses the problems of informatization in educational systems of the direction of physics and mathematics education. It was written to determine the current state and problems and prospects of informatization. It was shown that informatization is an important means of improving the quality of modern education, general issues of informatization of education were also considered, the main directions of work were determined.


The utility model discloses an epitaxial wafer, which comprises a substrate and a first epitaxial layer, wherein the resistivity of the epitaxial layer is distributed in a shape of concentric circles. The resistivity of the epitaxial wafer is distributed in a shape of concentric circles. After grooves are etched and filled with epitaxial materials, charge distribution is uniform and the problem of electric property failure will not occur. With the adoption of the epitaxial wafer, the breakdown voltage of a super junction power device can be raised. With the adoption of the epitaxial wafer, the breakdown voltage of the super junction power device can be raised by more than 50V. The breakdown voltage of a super junction power device produced by adopting an epitaxial wafer of non-concentric circle-shaped distribution is 580V, and the breakdown voltage of the super junction power device produced by adopting the epitaxial wafer disclosed by the utility model is increased to 630V.


An approach for the realization of various technological operations (drilling, milling, boring, grinding, etc.) on the basis of a specially designed execution technological system and an industrial robot has been developed. In the end effector of it, instead of a complex and large-sized tool turret, the workpiece is established. The method of producing geometrical surfaces of the workpiece is through the following formative motions: the feed motions are performed by the robot and the primary cutting motions by the tools, which are clamping in the turrets of the technological modules.


Combining with the situation of domestic building energy conservation lag,it introduces the status of domestic building energy management,analyzes problems existing in China's building energy-saving management, and obtains a innovation system of building energy management,with a view to improve people's living environment,reduce building energy consumption levels as well,and finally achieve to build a conservation-oriented society.


Community of practice (CoP) is a primary framework in social computing research that addresses learning and organizing specific practices in online communities. However, the classic CoP theory does not provide a detailed account for how practices change or evolve. Against the backdrop of a rapidly changing occupational landscape, it is crucial to understand how people participate in online communities focused on practices that have a volatile nature, as well as how social computing tools can best support them. In this article, we examine user experience (UX) design as a volatile practice that has no coherent body of knowledge and lacks a concrete path for newcomers to become a UX professional. Our study site is the "/r/userexperience" subreddit, an online UX community where practitioners socialize and learn. Using a mixed-methods approach, we identified five distinct social roles in relation to knowledge production and dissemination in the online community of volatile practice. We demonstrate that knowledge production is highly distributed, involving the participation and sensemaking of community members of varied levels of experience. We discuss how online platforms support online community of volatile practice and how our findings contribute to the CoP literature.


In open-domain question answering, due to the ambiguity of questions, multiple plausible answers may exist.To provide feasible answers to an ambiguous question,one approach is to directly predict all valid answers, but this can struggle with balancing relevance and diversity.An alternative is to gather candidate answers and aggregate them, but this method can be computationally costly and may neglect dependencies among answers.In this paper, we present AmbigPrompt to address the imperfections of existing approaches to answering ambiguous questions.Specifically, we integrate an answering model with a prompting model in an iterative manner.The prompting model adaptively tracks the reading process and progressively triggers the answering model to compose distinct and relevant answers. Additionally, we develop a task-specific post-pretraining approach for both the answering model and the prompting model, which greatly improves the performance of our framework. Empirical studies on two commonly-used open benchmarks show that AmbigPrompt achieves state-of-the-art or competitive results while using less memory and having a lower inference latency than competing approaches. Additionally, AmbigPrompt also performs well in low-resource settings.


Herein a cutting insert (2) and a gear milling cutter is disclosed. A first major side portion (10a) of an insert body (4) of the cutting insert (2) is provided with a first recess (22a) having a first bottom surface (24a) and a second major side portion is provided with a second recess having a second bottom surface. The first and second bottom surfaces (24a, 24b) extend substantially in parallel with a longitudinal axis (6) of the insert body (4). A first minor side portion (14a) is provided with a third recess (26a) having a third bottom surface (28a) and a second minor side portion (14b) is provided with a fourth recess (26b) having a fourth bottom surface (28b), the third and fourth bottom surfaces (28a, 28b) extending across the longitudinal axis (6). Thus, the cutting insert may be supported in a relevant gear milling cutter against one of the first and second bottom surfaces and against one of the third or fourth bottom surfaces.


This study aimed to find out relationship between self-control with consumer behavior of online shopping on instagram in adolescents. Subjects in this study were 10th grade students of senior high school Batik 1 Surakarta with criteria have an instagram account and have done online shopping. Sampling technique used purposive sampling. This study used a quantitative approach. Data collected by self-control scale and consumer behavior of online shopping scale. Data is been analyzed with corelation technique of product moment. The results showed that there is a significant negative relation between self-control and consumer behavior of online shopping with correlation coefficient (rxy) = -0.535 and (sig.) = 0.000 (p <0.01). The negative relation in this study means the higher self-control, then the lower consumer behavior of online shopping on instagram in adolescents, otherwise the lower self-control, then the higher consumer behavior of online shopping on instagram in adolescents. Effective contribution of self-control to consumer behavior of online shopping by 28,6%.


The computation of an optimization problem is formulated as an optimal control problem and qualitative results on the nature of the trajectories are obtained. Generally, in order to compute a minimum point of a nonlinear function in finite time using a continuous time method one needs to use bang-bang and bang-intermediate trajectories. Using controllability conditions and the theory of Lyapunov functions the author develops a new continuous time method. A new iterative algorithm for computing the minimum point of a function which approximates the continuous time method is established and a simplified version of this algorithm is also developed. Generally one has bang-bang iterations, followed by partial Newton and bang-bang iterations and the full Newton iteration. In the simplified algorithm the partial Newton iterations are replaced by steepest descent iterations.


RS485 RS485 signals can be directly tapped from the bus and passed to the converter. Only one channel is necessary as send and receive data are transferred on the same bus wires (2-wire, bidirectional). Since the converter can not detect the inactive bus (undriven, tristate, floating) this important information can not be evaluated and processed. Also the data direction and data source is undetermined.