The present application discloses a method for manufacturing a semiconductor field effect transistor, comprising: forming a buried layer having a local partial isolation dielectric layer is a silicon semiconductor on insulator substrate (SOI) structure; silicon over the buried layer locally isolation dielectric layer, the fin is formed on a substrate; forming a gate stack structure in top and side of the fin; forming source / drain structures in the fin on both sides of the gate stack structure; metallization. The present invention is based on the quasi-planar traditional top-down process to achieve good compatibility with planar CMOS process, and easy to integrate, is advantageous in suppressing the short channel effect, the small size to the size of MOSFETs push direction.


Economic theory defines the market of the higher professional education as an intellectual property due to a system where product demand is formed by the higher education institutes. It is presently formed as the combined system of the state and non-state or private forms. The emergence of fee-based forms of education involves the formation of market relations and the determination of the price of such services. The higher professional education market arose in Russia together with the reform of other spheres of economic life in order to create out education, and also as the merit and the private economic goods. But the social importance of the role of these goods cannot identify education as the pure product of the market. The possibility of establishing education as the market product is formed in connection with the inseparability of the existing system of educational services from the labor market as the end user.


The issues of implementation of bundled software for earth surface temperature sounding by RTM-method have been considered. The approach is based on using the radiation transfer model for atmospheric correction of satellite IR-measurements. A general structure of the bundled software was developed, the existing software tools were analyzed. The software tools for obtaining a priori information by satellite data were implemented and their validation was carried out. Implementation of the bundled software for on-line restore of the earth surface temperature was introduced.


: This research presents the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) for classification of frogs in symmetry of the bioacoustics spectral by using the feedforward neural network approach (FNNA) and support vector machine (SVM). Recently, the symmetry concept has been applied in physics, and in mathematics to help make mathematical models tractable to achieve the best learning performance. Owing to the symmetry of the bioacoustics spectral, feature extraction can be achieved by integrating the techniques of Mel-scale frequency cepstral coe ffi cient (MFCC) and mentioned machine learning algorithms, such as SVM, neural network


Business ecosystems describe the network of firms, which collectively produce a holistic, integrated technological system that creates value for customers. Understanding the mode of ecosystem change can provide valuable information for organizations that are positioned in these networked environments. In this paper, we endeavor to provide this understanding by synthesizing the work of scholars in the field business ecosystems through a review of the literature. Our findings underline the roles of ecosystem members, the endogenous and exogenous factors of ecosystem evolution, the dynamics of ecosystem change, and the strategic consideration of firms that participate in business ecosystems.


Studies of microzooplankton dynamics based on the analysis of community taxonomic composition are very time-consuming and manpower demanding. Recent developments in automatic plankton counting technology offer a new way to consider plankton dynamics with straightforward analysis of community size structures. The present study aimed to determine if cell size is a good descriptor of microzooplankton dynamics. The dynamics of the microzooplankton community of the Bay of Biscay (France) at three sites and during four sampling periods was analyzed using three different classification criteria: taxonomy, body size (ng C cell 21 ) and equivalent spherical diameter (ESD, mm). A Mantel test revealed that there was no difference in the characteristics of microzooplankton dynamics when studying either community size structure or taxonomic composition. Moreover, a BIO-ENV analysis confirmed that the biotic and abiotic factors selected for affecting microzooplankton community dynamics were the same among the three classification types. Considering these results, it is argued that microplankton dynamics is well defined by the study of the community size structure. While focusing on microzooplankton size structure seems promising, homogenizing the size descriptor used among studies would be needed in order to make worldwide data comparisons and ESD/biovolume should be favored.


Dependency of major hydrophysical/chemical features of highly stratified basins on density surfaces in the vertical makes isopycnic models an attractive tool for simulating the dynamics of marginal marine environments such as the Black Sea because of the ability of these models to restrict vertical transport to some desirable degree. In the present work the seasonal variations of the subsurface dynamics of the Black Sea are investigated using an isopycnic model. Particular attention is given to the interfaces of the Cold intermediate layer and Suboxic layer and finally, the deep layer circulation in the basin is studied. It appears that although the depth range of the base of the Cold intermediate layer and the lower Soboxic layer interface do not change seasonally, their horizontal distribution is defined by the upper layer dynamics of the basin. Cyclonic surface circulation diminishes with increasing depth and the deep layer circulation is characterised by an anti-cyclonic rim current driven by density gradients created from river runoff and the influx of Mediterranean water. © 2002 Ifremer/CNRS/IRD/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.


The services sector is a very important one which has the largest percentage of informal entrepreneurs compared to other sectors in Indonesia. However, this sector experienced the most significant decrease in welfare due to the pandemic attack in 2020. Using the 2020 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) data, this study aims to link the role of internet use, which was highly developed during the pandemic, to increasing the welfare of informal entrepreneurs in the services sector. Based on the results of binary logistic regression, (1) The use of the internet, especially for the purpose of transaction activities, has the greatest influence in supporting the welfare of informal services sector entrepreneurs, and (2) Opportunities to obtain higher welfare are owned by male entrepreneurs, with ever-married status, are more educated, have white-collar and gray-collar types of work, have skills, and live in areas with better infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to have a program to increase digital literacy, especially in activities that support business activities which can be carried out through training or mentoring, especially for services sector entrepreneurs who have a lower level of education, are less skilled, and for areas with a lower level of infrastructure.


Nannini, S. A review of Antoine Picon, The Materiality of Architecture. Minneapolis and London: Minnesota University Press, 2020. Choi, D. A review of Neil Jackson, Japan and the West: An Architectural Dialogue. London: Lund Humphries, 2019. Ungureanu, C. A review of Natsumi Nonaka, Renaissance Porticoes and Painted Pergolas: Nature and Culture in Early Modern Italy. London & New York: Routledge, 2019 (2017). Redford, S. A review of D. Fairchild Ruggles Tree of Pearls: The Extraordinary Architectural Patronage of the 13th-Century Egyptian Slave-Queen Shajar al-Durr. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Volmert, M. A review of Susan Stewart, The Ruins Lesson: Meaning and Material in Western Culture. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago and London, 2020.


Morinda umbellata Linn. (Family Rubiaceae) is commonly known as "Nuna" in Tamil and "Pitadaru" in Sanksrit. The leaves in conjunction with certain aromatics in the form of decoction are used in diarrhoea and dysentry. The genuine sample of M.umbellata was collected. As part of the study genuine leaf, stem and root samples were collected and subjected to anatomical investigations. The air-dried leaf powder was extracted with different solvent systems such as petroleum-ether (40-60°
C), benzene, chloroform, ethanol and sterile water and preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts including TLC and paper chromatographic assays were done and the Rf values were determined. Physico-chemical characters, fluorescence characters and extractive values of the leaf powder in different solvent systems were also determined. The pharmacognostical parameters studied, may be used as a tool for the correct identification of the plant and also to test the adulterants if any.


Confirmation of pm rad scale emittances from the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade electron storage ring necessitates direct measurement of the electron beam size. In the present work, we motivate design choices for the X-ray beam size monitor shielding enclosure for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade. Particular emphasis is given to outlining design choices from the perspectives of safety, overall project construction schedule and eventual beamline operations.


Using tap water in preparing media instead of distilled water gave significant higher number of shoots and leaves, in addition to an insignificant increase in shoot fresh weight, shoot length and total chlorophyll content of both Gerbera and Lilium explants at multiplication stage. At the rooting stage, in both plants the number of leaves and root length were higher in plantlets when using tap water than when using distilled water in media preparation. However, the effect was statistically significant on root length in case of Gerbera only, and on leaf number in case of Lilium only. Insignificant increments in plantlet fresh weight, shoot length, root fresh weight, root number and chlorophyll content of Gerbera and Lilium plantlets were found when using tap water than distilled water. Using tap water instead of distilled water in the approximately 30 tissue culture labs in Egypt may save yearly an amount of 13635 m 3 of tap water intended originally for human potable purposes, 1350000 kilowatt of electric power and L.E. 822476 as a total cost, taking into consideration that these figures may change from lab to lab, from time to time and from a country to the other. Details of these figures are mentioned in the feasibility study.


Objective To establish the HPLC Fingerprint of Astragalus complanatus,and to afford the bases of quality control.Methods The flavone of Astragalus complanatus collected from different places was analysed by HPLC.Results The HPLC Fingerprint of Astragalus complanatus collected from different places showed the similar characteristics,and have 25 communized peaks.Conclusion The method can be used for quality evaluation of this crude drug.


In this paper began with existence of three topologic mappings that the mapping f from the cartographic bodies to the earth ellipsoid surface, the mapping g from the earth ellipsoid surface to body knowledge construction and the mapping q from body knowledge constraction to two dimensiond plane, the authors inquire into the general express formula of map symbol. Abain from the common character of location on the basis of point, line and area map symbol all with some part of figure lead to simplify mathematical definition of point, line and area map symbol, therely, can be used these three map symbols get simplify and unify.


A method for the measurement of time-variable magnetic fields from the ZEEMAN effect of timevariable line emission is described. This method is independent of the special line profile and of time variations in intensity, line profile and line shift. The sensitivity of the method and the accuracy of the measurement are discussed. Test measurements were made in a nitrogen discharge with an external homogeneous magnetic field having 130 kc/sec frequency. — The measurement of inhomogeneous fields from spatial inhomogeneous line emission gives a mean value of the field which depends on the spatial distribution of the line emission. Nevertheless, measurements made on a little fast Θ-pinch with a N II line, which was emitted from the hot plasma, were reproduceable.


In this article, Myra Taylor, research fellow, and Professor Stephen Houghton of the Centre for Child and Adolescent Related Disorders at the University of Western Australia, report theory generated from interviews with teachers, students and mothers residing in Perth, Western Australia, on how children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) initiate and sustain peer relationships. An initial review of the three sample groups' respective perspectives reveals that children with AD/HD exhibit three distinct socialisation patterns: a socially integrated pattern (that is, having three or more ongoing friendship pairings with peers); a marginal integrated pattern (that is, having two or less ongoing friendship pairings with peers); and a socially isolated pattern (that is, having no, or infrequent, friendship pairings with peers). Both teacher and maternal perspectives are similar in so far as both perceive children with attention deficit disorders to have marginal to non-existent friendships. Students with AD/HD perceive themselves, however, as having strongly to marginally formed friendships with their peers. Myra Taylor and Stephen Houghton explore suggestions that differences between adult and child perspectives relate to diagnostic status, age and developmental maturity. They identify opportunities for further research arising out of their work and indicate that a wider evidence base will be needed before robust recommendations for practice can be made.


The coupled analysis between a turbine in operating condition and a complex jacket support structure was formulated in this paper for the reliable evaluation of offshore wind turbine structures including pile-soil-structure interactions (PSSIs). Discussions on the theoretical and simulation aspects of the coupled analysis are presented. The dynamic coupled analysis was implemented in X-SEA program and validated with FAST v8 (fatigue, aerodynamics, structures and turbulence) developed by NREL, USA. By replacing the sub-structural module in the FAST with the component of offshore substructure in the X-SEA, the reaction forces and the turbine loads were calculated in each time step and the results from X-SEA were compared with that from FAST. It showed very good agreement with each other. A case study of a NREL 5MW offshore wind turbine on a jacket support structure was performed. Coupled dynamic analyses of offshore wind turbine and support structures with PSSI were carried out. The results showed that in the coupled analysis, the responses of the structure are significantly less than in the uncoupled analysis. The support structure considering PSSI exhibited decreased natural frequencies and more flexible responses compared to the fixed-support structure. The implemented coupled analysis including PSSI was shown to be more accurate and computationally efficient.


This invention provides a method of producing an aromatics alkylation catalyst comprising the Steps of (a) synthesizing a layered oxide material MCM-56 in the presence of alkali and/or alkaline earth metal cations, (b) prior to any calcination of the MCM-56, Subjecting the MCM-56 produced in step (a) to ammonium ion eXchange So as to at least partially replace the alkaline or alkaline earth metal cations associated with the MCM-56 with ammonium ions; then (c) heating the ammonium-exchanged MCM-56 to decompose the ammonium cations and convert the MCM-56 into the hydrogen form; and (d) after step (b), forming the MCM-56 into catalyst particles. The resultant catalyst exhibits enhanced activity in the alkylation of benzene with ethylene and propylene.


By the 1970s, Germany had generally completed its process of agricultural modernization which brought force a breakthrough in its agricultural productivity, agriculture armed by modern industry and managed by modern management, and the farmers educated by modern science and knowledge. Germany has established a quality and effective agricultural system which is biologically sustainable. This experience lends valuable reference to china for its effort to modernize its agriculture.


G4 LED lamps have difficulties to reach high lumen output within the required small form factor. Current technology used in G4 LED lamps was at first reviewed by analysis of 7 current commercialized products. Theoretical limitation was calculated under different design strategy scenarios. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of driver systems were carried out under thermal infrared imager. It has been found that schottky diodes and capacitors are main challenges for drivers. Since current electrolytic capacitors are bulky and not reliable enough, novel capacitor technologies were further analyzed. Finally, a G4 LED prototype based on wafer level packaging were introduced. The prototype was fabricated in 2D and folded to 3D, in order to save space. All processes related are CMOS compatible. Planar rectifier consists of four schottky diodes which were fabricated separately are compatible for monolithic integration on such foldable substrate. With such technology, it is possible to integrate LED drivers, micro channels for heat dissipation, or other silicon based technologies by CMOS processing, together with the flexible hinges, in order to have a G4 LED package with high lumen output and small form factor.


The present study reports stem fasciation in Spartium junceum L. (Fabaceae-Genisteae) for the first time. The plants were collected in a restricted area of the Lisboa-Oporto freeway in Portugal. In abnormal plants, undifferentiated cell masses of variable size forming a cockscomb predominate, whereas flattened stems with forms varying between ribbon-like structures with emergent leaflets to structures more similar to normal plants were scarce. Both abnormal plants had trichomes, which are absent in normal plants. Abnormal plants also showed markedly decreased concentrations of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and chlorophyll, with Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ being strongly positively correlated (P<0.05). Fasciation did not affect the levels of Fe 2+ in abnormal plants.


This article presents the results of the study 238 children aged 3 to 18 years. All patients underwent x-ray examination, MRI and ultrasound of the joints. The diagnosis was made by clinical and laboratory data. Patients admitted to hospital outpatient clinics or examined. The paper describes the experience and effectiveness of ultrasound musculoskeletal the example of the knee for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, identify its severity, extent and nature of change.


An important thrust in current aerospace research is aircraft electrification, including propulsion system electrification. For an electrified propulsion system to provide net benefit over conventional propulsion, the electrical systems must meet high specific power, power density, and efficiency standards. This paper presents experimental validation of components of a megawatt scale permanent magnet synchronous motor targeting power density of 13 kW/kg and 96% efficiency. This demonstrates that it is possible to build a stator appropriate for this application. The results closely match the FEA analysis and increase confidence that the final motor will be capable meeting the design requirements. The results also highlight the importance of tight manufacturing tolerances to minimize circulating currents and associated losses.


39 cellulose and paper industry. In addition, organic waste forms during the production of dyes and pigments, at sugar plants and breweries, at the meat and dairy enterprises, in the canning and confectionery industries, etc. Wastewater treatment from organic pollutants is based on methods of their destruction [2]. Specifically, oxidation, which makes it possible to receive water with very low levels of pollution. In addition, a common method of neutralizing organic


Abstract. Wind energy is renewable and is considered a source with very low environmental impact. To improve the wind energy available in an erratic wind speed regime, a wind generator equipped with continuously variable transmission (CVT) was modeled in Matlab. In this model a proportional and integral control (PI) adjust the system speed for operating at the highest efficiency point. It's able to control the energy converted by an induction squirrel cage generator connected to the power grid. The PI controller designed for controlling the transmission ratio was fast and stable under the simulated conditions despite the many nonlinear phenomena which govern the studied system. Similar behavior was observed when the system was studied with different induction generator models. Results indicate that the simulations need to consider complete models of the generator, particularly when the proposed study includes the stability of the electrical and mechanical system. When connecting the system to the power grid with the use of CVT, the simulations result in a 15% increment of the useful energy. This gain will be greater under conditions of wind distribution which are extremely different from the one used in the project. Considering the random behavior of the wind, this result indicates that for long periods, the use of CVT can justify the installation of wind generators for small and medium applications in places considered economically unviable at present.


The construction of a meter has been a campaign issue and a proposal to improve mobility level. That is why this work is to determine the expectations of the users of public transport and mass against a possible implementation of the metro and a comparison with the operation of this type of system, the literature and the current operation of Transmilenio, getting to know if the metro meet these expectations and whether they actually help improve urban mobility.


Six genetical populations of early cauliflower (P, P, F, F, BCand BC) developed by crossing different advanced breeding lines and varieties (IIHR-223, IIHR-302, IIHR-217-1-4-6-12, IIHR-73-24, IIHR-Sel-5 and First Early) were studied for estimation of gene effects for ten quantitative parameters, namely days taken for 50% curd initiation, days taken for 50% curd maturity, total plant weight, leaf number, leaf weight, stalk length, stalk weight, curd diameter, curd size, curd yield per plant.The results indicated that all the parameters studied were governed by dominant gene action and thus heterosis breeding can be employed for the improvement of these parameters in early cauliflower.


This presentation discusses concepts and trends in social acceptance of wind energy, profiles recent research findings, and discussions mitigation strategies intended to resolve wind power social acceptance challenges as informed by published research and the experiences of individuals participating in the International Energy Agencies Working Group on Social Acceptance of Wind Energy


In West Africa kinship is a very important aspect of social organization; it is a hierarchical system which functions as the domestic group and in the wider realm of politico-jural and economic relations. The individual is constituted through the kinship group. It is suggested that family therapy, especially structural family therapy, may be suitable as a treatment technique in such non-individualistic societies. A case example is given to illustrate how this understanding can lead to successful therapy.


The history of the country house is well-documented. These grand domestic buildings have attracted interest from a variety of quarters, including architectural historians, art historians, and horticulturalists, as well as biographers of aristocratic families and individuals. However, they have received notably less attention from social historians. Whilst many books focus on the hidden passageways and strict hierarchical social order of the 'downstairs' world of the country house, these publications have predominantly been written to satisfy a voracious public appetite for Downton Abbey-style human dramas. Meanwhile, academics focusing on domestic service in Britain have often actively ignored the country house and its 'particular' household culture. This trend reflects the fact that social historians consider the experiences of country house servants to be at odds with the Marxist influences underpinning their field. As reproductive labourers who were dedicated to upholding the privileged lifestyles of the upper classes, they conclude that country house servants benefited materially from the comfort and luxury of their employers' homes and had little contact with the 'real world' beyond the walls of the estate. Consequently, the prevailing perception is that country house servants offer little to understanding the working classes. The households of the titled classes, in the words of Edward Higgs, 'were not representative of the generality of Victorian households', and therefore not useful in studies of domestic service. FML Thompson likewise writes that country house staff had 'nothing in common with the vast majority of servants'. This exclusion of country house domestic servants is not limited to urban studies. Even Jane Whittle's recent book Servants in Rural Europe, excludes those who worked 'in towns and wealthy households'. While it is clear that the country house was far removed from the middle-class home in which the majority of domestic servants worked and lived, recent research is shedding new light on the relevance of country houses, and their rich archives, to broader issues including class, gender, agency, activism, sexuality and slavery. This resurgence in country house research is driven by reciprocal collaboration between researchers and heritage professionals, and has wide-reaching implications for how the country house is interpreted for both academic and public readership as a domestic, cultural and social institution. This journal edition seeks to showcase some of the new research emerging from the field of country house studies, focusing particularly on the nonelite individuals, families and communities who made their homes and their livings on country estates in rural Britain. It is one of the outcomes of a conference entitled


appeal to justice. Although Honor Bound lays emphasis on ethical address and rehumanisation in its representation of the prisoners, its central appeal is to the rule of law. To defend the victims of torture is not to defend terrorism; rather, it is merely to insist on fair, evidence-based, legal trials. To develop this, it is worth noting that the law, although it should operate universally without prejudice, is often a site of great inequality. Victoria Brittain writes that the meaning of Guantánamo to British Muslims is not the same as it is for the white middle class. 21 Slovo & Brittain, Honor Bound, p. 33. Square parentheses in original. 22 24, Season Three, Episode Four, dir. Ian Toynton (Fox TV, 2003). 24, Season Four, Episode Eighteen, dir. Ian Toynton (Fox TV, 2004). 23 Slovo & Brittain, Honor Bound, p. 57.


In this paper, an approach for the comparison of RNA secondary structures (not allowing for pseudoknots) is developed. To measure the difference of different secondary structures, a normalized Euclidean distance is employed based on so called characteristic sequences of RNA secondary structures, which avoids the influence of the difference in length of secondary structures under consideration. The application of our method to a set of real data shows the effectiveness of our proposed method.


Due to its photosynthesis efficiency, high growth rate, and photosynthetic machinery and metabolic pathways similar to higher plants, Chlorella has long been used as a model organism to understand photosynthesis in higher plants. Photoautotrophic is referred to the cells that harvest light energy convert into chemical energy by photosynthetic reaction , and assimilate CO 2 as a carbon source , and inorganic carbon can be assimilated for carbohydrate synthesis. The cost of photoautotrophic culture is low. Mixtrophic is referred to cells that rely on photosynthesis as the main energy source, meanwhile, both organic components and CO 2 are required. Mixtrophic culture could compensate for the low bimass of autotrophic culture, and receive a rapid growth of biomass with shortening culture time.
The growth rate of Chlorella was promoted by iron, previous studies showed that oil accumulation of Chlorella was also improved by high concentration iron. This research investigated the lipid accumulation process of freshwater Chlorella vulgaris under different iron concentrations conditions (low iron concentration 0, middle iron concentration 1.2×10 ‑6 , hign iron concentration 1.2×10 -5 mol·L -1 ) and proteomics was used to explain the response mechanism of C. vulgaris to iron.
In this research, the growth rate and neutral lipid content of autotrophic C. vulgaris were determined under different iron concentrations. Cells in late growth phase were collected by centrifugation and protein was extracted for proteomic analysis. When cultured photoautotrophicly, the neutral lipid content of C. vulgaris was highest under iron deficiency condition and the growth rate was slowest and biomass was lowest. Proteomics analysis revealed that C. vulgaris which was cultured under low and high iron concentrations conditions were in stress, the function of PSI and PS II impaired, the rate of electron transport and carbon fixation declined, and carbohydrate metabolism related proteins decreased. Proteins which were related to resistance increased under iron-deficiency and iron-replete conditions, but stress under iron-deficiency condition was more serious. Results showed that the growth rate of mixtrophic C. vulgaris was faster than that of autotrophic , and the content of neutral lipid was higher in mixtrophic culture than that in autotrophic condition. This maybe due to the algae could use acetate directly to convert into acteyl CoA, when under iron-deficiency condition acteyl CoA influxed into fatty acid synthesis pathway to synthesize large amounts of neutral lipids. When under iron-replete condition acteyl CoA influxed into tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway to accelerate respiration rate. Acetate was directed used by algae cells which was faster than carbon fixation cultured photoautotrophic. The content of proteins related tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway were increased under iron-deficiency condition and growth rate was promoted.
Key words: Chlorella vulgaris , Fe 3+ , neutral lipid, autotrophic, mixtrophic, acetate, proteomics


An algorithm is described which computes the sensitivity of the manufacturing yield of a circuit or a system with respect to changes in the specifications. Using the concept of specification sensitivity, the change of the yield due to different changes of the specifications can be calculated without performing a new Monte Carlo analysis or retesting the network function. Circuits designed to work under environmental influence have to be tested at the production stage against a production specification, which also can be determined by specification sensitivity.


Considerations affecting the design of dispersion-type ceramic fuel materials are discussed. The results of measurements made to study the effect of fuel loading on the properties of the fuel bodies and the results of irradiation tests of fuel pellets composed of 20 vol% UO/sub 2/ dispersed in BeO are presented. Experience in the fabrication of dispersion-type BeO --UO/sub 2/ ceramic fuel materials is described. From the results obtained, it is believed that BeO --UO/sub 2/ fuel materials of the type studied will exhibit satisfactory performance in the Experimental Beryllium Oxide Reactor. (auth)


Summary Femalepied e ycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca prefer to mate with males having complex songs, but the benee ts of this preference are not known. One potential benee t might be that males with complex songs are of higher quality and thus contribute more to the feeding of the brood than males with simple songs. We tested this by recording the feeding rate of males in two different populations in Norway. Neither the feeding rate nor the male ¢s contribution to the feeding relative to his mate correlated signie cantly with song complexity (27 and 21 males studied, respectively). However, male feeding rate may beine uenced by femalefeeding effort. Therefore, we also recorded body mass change of 13-day-old nestlings of 30 males during a period of eight hours of enforced female absence. The males were matched in pairs according to brood size and, if necessary, nestlings were exchanged between broods to reduce initial differences in body mass. Both males in each pair were treated on the same day. The change in brood mass did not differ signie cantly between males with complex and simple songs, and the latter males did not lose more body mass than the former males during female absence. Thus, we conclude that female pied e ycatchers mated with males having large song repertoires do not seem to benee t in terms of increased feeding effort from their mates. 2) Helge Rinden is unfortunately not with us any longer. He had a tragic accident in the nature


Background: Obesity is a major public health issue which has been established to be a significant risk factor for several metabolic disorders such as impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidaemia, and atherosclerosis.  This study aimed to evaluate and compare the serum lipid profiles and glycated haemoglobin of obese and non-obese adults in Calabar, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a prospective comparative study that involved quantifying serum lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin (Hb) in seventy (70) obese subjects and thirty (30) non-obese control subjects. Results: The mean glycated Hb, Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Tryglyceride (TG) for obese subjects were 6.13±2.76%, 4.92±1.23mmol/L, 3.18±1.21mmol/L, 1.21±0.40mmol/L, 128.14±12.65mmHg and 88.56±11.87mmHg respectively. These  values were significantly higher than those of the non-obese control subjects whose mean values for glycated Hb, TC, LDL and TG were 5.34±1.15%, 3.08 ± 0.63mmol/L, 1.74 ± 0.54mmol/L, 0.67±0.33mmol/L (p 0.05). A positive correlation between BMI, glycated Hb, TC, LDL was observed in obese subjects (r=0.341, 0.287, 0.393, P<0.05), while a negative correlation was observed between BMI and HDL (r= -0.147, P<0.05), WHR and HDL (r= -0.289, P<0.05). Conclusion: Findings from this study show that obese individuals have higher risk to develop cardiovascular related disorders and type II diabetes mellitus if appropriate interventions are not considered.


To the Editor.—
 In the February 1982 issue of Pediatrics, Leonidas et al1 examined the relationship between clinical findings and skull fractures in children evaluated with skull roentgenograms to develop reliable criteria for the ordering of roentgenograms in patients with head trauma. In their analysis, the authors used the liklihood ratio (LR) to characterize quantitatively the relationship between a clinical finding and the presence of a skull fracture. As defined by the authors, the LR is that ratio between the probability of a certain clinical finding occurring in the presence of a fracture and the probability of the same clinical finding occurring in the absence of a fracture.


BORNHOLM disease, or pleurodynia, is generally associated with Group B Coxsackie viruses.1 This group of viruses is also responsible for such diverse clinical syndromes as meningitis, encephalitis and myocarditis. Although Coxsackie viruses Group A, Types 4 and 6, have been isolated from patients with pleurodynia,2 , 3 Group B viruses have thus far been the agents most commonly associated with this syndrome.1 , 4 , 5 Certain members of the enterovirus family, the ECHO viruses, are still in search of disease.6 ECHO virus Type 8 is an example, with no heretofore proved association with human disease. The present report describes a clinical case of pleurodynia, which . . .


The problem of monitoring the correlations of discrete streams is to continuously monitor the temporal correlations among massive discrete streams. A temporal correlation of two streams is defined as a tracking behavior, i.e., the most recent pattern of one stream is very similar to a historical pattern of another stream. The challenge is that both the tracking stream and the tracked stream are evolving, which causes the frequent updates of the correlation-ships. The straightforward way of monitoring correlations by brute-force subsequence matching will be very expensive for massive streams. We propose techniques that are able to significantly reduce the number of expensive subsequence matching calls, by continuously pruning and refining the correlated streams. Extensive experiments on the streaming trajectories show the significant performance improvement achieved by the proposed algorithms.


A composition comprising: an effective amount of one or more agents having pediculicidal and ovicidal properties for adult lice and nits of the species of order Anoplura in solution, comprising one or more stabilizers comprising a polymer of methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride crosslinked with decadiene wherein the agent comprises a chemical structure of: for use in controlling adults and ova of the species of order Anoplura by topical application to one or more surfaces of skin and hair.


Work function engineering with continuous horizontal mole fraction variation in a binary metal alloy gate has been proposed already on silicon on nothing (SON) MOSFET. Presently, concept of work function engineering by mole fraction variation along both vertical as well as horizontal direction in a binary alloy gate is applied analytically in our model. Effects of this vertical mole fraction variation on various device parameters such as threshold voltage, drain current, transconductance, drain conductance and voltage gain are studied and compared with the model suggested by Manna et al. and an improvement of overall performance has been observed.


Rhododendron community characteristics in Mountains Sejila of Tibet were investigated using plot-quadrat method in the current work.The results indicated that there was 54 species,38 genera,21 families in rhododendron community.There existed 14 species in shrub layer,and the dominant species were R.aganniphum var.schiaopeplum,R.niveum,R.nyinchiense and Cassiope fastigiata.A total of 40 species were observed in herb layer,among which the dominant species were mainly Bergennia purpurascens,Polygonum viviparum,Phlomis tibetica etc.Regional types at generic level mostly were the north temperate type(44.75%).Six genera were the north temperate type in shrub layer,and 11 genera in herb layer.In plant life-form,hemicryptoyte plant was as high as 35.2%.The obtained results might provide the foundation for the protection and sustainable exploitation of rhododendron resource.


Ion acceleration by the cloud of oscillating electrons formed near the anode foil in a high-current accelerator is studied. A self-similar solution is derived which describes the acceleration in the case of thin foils, for which the slowing of electrons in the foil can be ignored. The ion energy distribution is found, and the acceleration efficiency is calculated.


The tendencies of the international tourist market through the last few years shows some changes in the behaviour of the real and potencial tourists. These changes are significant and reflect on all participants of the process of forming and realizing the tourist product – the suppliers of the tourist package, its manufacturers and distributors. In this new situation, new, higher requirements are brought up to the indicators for steadiness, diversity and quality, ensured from the tourism industry. For Bulgaria as tourism destination it is important to identify those changes. The country is believed to be a little known, secure and stable tourist place situated near West Europe. At the same time its setting as a destination for alternative tourism – in general – eco, cultural, rural – in separate and complex tourist product, is a condition for steady economic and social development in caring for the environment decisions.


Introduction Entrepreneurial motivation is one of the key elements in entrepreneurial performance. Stuart & Abetti (1990) found a positive correlation between objectives pursued by entrepreneurs and the performance of their businesses. Kurtako et al. (1997) and Robichaud et al. (2001) observed entrepreneurial motivation as goal statement that entrepreneurs seek to achieve; they grouped various items measuring entrepreneurial motivation into four motivational factors, viz., Extrinsic Rewards, Intrinsic Rewards, Independence/Autonomy, and Family Security. Dubini and Aziendale (1988), on the basis of the findings of their study of 163 Italy based entrepreneurs, grouped factors of entrepreneurial motivation into seven sets, viz., (i) Achievement (related to sense of individualism, accomplishment and development); (ii) Philanthropy (related to welfare of the individual, family or community); (iii) Status (related to recognition, prestige, respect); (iv) Materialism (related to economic consideration); (v) Escape (related to escape, an undesirable situation); (vi) Freedom (related to flexibility of work, time, collaborations); and (vii) Role Model (related to continuing family tradition). Rodrigo (1986), in his study of Cali Columbia based 64 entrepreneurs, found out the following motivating factors for entrepreneurship: independence, desire to make a reality of their ideas, confidence in their capacities, desire to develop their initiative and creativity, money, desire to be their own boss, and desire to define their life path before getting old. Vidyu Lata (1990) suggests that security, prestige, power and social service are equally potential motives. Thus, various motives have been identified as factors of entrepreneurial motivation. Earlier Research In a number of research studies, attempts have been made to rank entrepreneurial motives as perceived by the entrepreneurs themselves. McClelland (1961) identified 'need for achievement' as the single most important factor of entrepreneurial motivation. Hornaday and Bunker (1970) also supported the McClelland's view considering achievement motive as an explanatory variable for entrepreneurial behavior. Collins and Moore (1970) recognized independence as an important entrepreneurial motive. Further, Hornaday and Aboud (1971) reported that the need for achievement, support, independence, and leadership are the most significant entrepreneurial characteristics. Alange (1988), in his Swedish study (which was a part of an international cross-cultural study of 15 countries), found that Swedish entrepreneurs were motivated by need for independence. Bhattacharya (1979) found that power, self-actualization and achievement motivation are significantly higher in entrepreneurs compared to economic and affiliation motivation. Respect for work was recognized as an important motivating factor of entrepreneurship by Akhouri and Mishra (1990). Vijaya and Kamalanabhan (1998) also found that economic factors and the need for independence emerge as major reasons for the respondents wanting to go into business. In Mitchell's (2004) study of motive profiles of 101 South African entrepreneurs, both men and women entrepreneurs were found to be primarily motivated by the need for independence, need for material incentives and the need for achievement; the need to contribute to the community was not found to be an important reason. Murugesan & Sankaran (2006), in their study of 153 entrepreneurs of Tamil Nadu (India), found that the majority of entrepreneurs were motivated mainly by the urge to attain economic independence such as the desire to earn money and to be self-employed. Chowdhary & Monika Prakash (2007), in their exploratory study of entrepreneurial motives of 179 young Indian entrepreneurs, found that autonomy and freedom dominated the motives for entrepreneurship. The results of the recent study of 243 Indian North Eastern (Assamese) entrepreneurs on entrepreneurial motivation conducted by Khanka (2009) showed that entrepreneurs were primarily motivated by the need for economic achievement, personal growth, autonomy and recognition; the desire to contribute to the community was not found to be an important reason to become an entrepreneur. …


In this paper we present a machine learning-based approach to solving the radio-frequency (RF) signal classification problem in a data-driven way. To this end, we propose an efficient and easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI) for researchers to collect their own data to build a customized RF classification system. The GUI operates in the time-frequency (TF) domain, which is achieved by applying short-time Fourier transform to the in-phase and quadrature (IQ) time domain signals. Using the proposed GUI, a radio frequency (RF) dataset is collected from the ultra high frequency industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) transceivers, and COTS transceiver modules. We train three different variants of convolutional neural network models, such as VGG and ResNet, using the collected dataset and show that they can perform acceptable test-time classification (up to 95% accuracy) on unseen real-world RF signal recordings. Our experimental results also show that a carefully prepared TF domain without a loss of information can achieve better performance than a magnitude-only representation that loses phase information during the TF transformation. We open-source our project to provide the public with access to the labeled datasets, programming code, and the GUI software that can expedite the labeling process.


Combined ultrasound and photoacoustic (USPA) imaging has attracted several clinical applications due to its ability to simultaneously display structural and molecular information of deep biological tissue in real time. However, the depth dependent optical attenuation and the unknown optical and acoustic heterogeneities, limit the USPA imaging performance, especially from deeper tissue regions. Novel instrumentation, image reconstruction and deep learning methods are currently being explored to improve the USPA image quality. Effective implementation of these approaches requires a reliable USPA simulation tool capable of generating US based anatomical and PA based molecular information. Here, we developed a hybrid USPA simulation platform by integrating finite element models of light and ultrasound propagation. The feasibility of modeling US combined with optical fluence dependent multispectral PA imaging is demonstrated using in silico homogeneous and heterogeneous prostate tissue. The platform allows optimization of device design parameters, such as the aperture size and frequency of light source and ultrasound detector arrays. In addition, the potential of this simulation platform to generative massive USPA datasets aiding the data driven deep-learning enhanced USPA imaging has been validated using both simulations and experiments.


Germanium (Ge) exists at trace levels in the Earth's crust and is a powerful geochemical tracer of the silicon (Si) cycle. This study proposes a simple and reliable method for determining Ge contents in environmental samples using ICP‐MS. As Si and Ge have very similar chemical properties, we investigated the applicability of the chemical preparation procedure developed for Si isotopes for the determination of Ge in environmental samples. Advantages of this procedure are as follows: (a) efficient removal of the matrix and main interferences affecting Ge determinations by ICP‐MS, (b) a low limit of detection (6 ng l−1), (c) relative repeatability of approximately 3% obtained on 74Ge and (d) robustness and accuracy based on agreement within errors with the published Ge values for rock reference materials (BHVO‐2, AGV‐2 and BCR‐2). This procedure allowed revision of the Ge values of three soil reference materials (1.67 ± 0.09 μg g−1, 2.41 ± 0.18 μg g−1, 1.89 ± 0.10 μg g−1 for GBW 07401, GBW 07404 and GBW 07407, respectively) and proposal of a value for the plant reference material ERM‐CD281 (70 ± 3 μg g−1). This method provides a convenient procedure for determining Ge mass fractions in environmental samples and opens the possibility of coupling two tracers of the Si biogeochemical cycle with a single measurement procedure.


MyEportfolio (Chalk & Wire) is performing critical security maintenance, during non-office hours in the window of 4:00 am and 4:15 am on Wednesday, May 17th, 2017.


Reticle defectivity has been a widely discussed topic in the last few years primarily due to ongoing haze issues but also because of the increasing number of the qualification methods available in the fab. Mask shops are taking a closer look at the alternatives to the direct reticle inspection [1], making a step towards wafer inspection as a valid option for reticle qualification. High MEEF patterns represent the most interesting and challenging case study due to potentially comparable sensitivity performance of the wafer inspection and reticle inspection tools as reported in [2]. A reticle with programmed defects in different environments was used to define detection limits, capture rates and noise levels for both direct reticle inspection and the inspection of the wafer print. Reticle inspection was performed using KLA587 tool. For the inspection of the wafer prints two most advanced DUV inspection tools were used. Defect sizes were defined on the reticle and on the wafer using SEM CD tools. The focus of this study was to identify gaps and opportunities existing in the reticle qualification chain starting with the outgoing qualification at the mask shop and continuing during the reticle lifetime in the fab. Results and conclusions of this investigation will be presented and discussed in conjunction with the prospects and possible modifications of pursued approach for 45nm and the future nodes.


UBV data are given for 92 new stars with H /sub alpha/ in emission found recently by Parsamyan and Chavira in the association Orion OB1d. The limiting magnitude in U is 17. /sup um/ 7. The positions of these stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and in the two-color (U - B, B - V) diagram are given.


This paper analyzes basic principle of DPC of three-phase voltage-source PWM rectifier, and presents its shortcomings of high and unfixed switching frequency. On this base, it proposes the method of combining DPC and three-level voltage space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM), which reduces and fixes switching frequency. To overcome the shortcomings of complex control and complicated calculations of traditional SVPWM algorithm, the paper proposes an equivalent three-level SVPWM algorithm of dual-carrier modulation, and in the d-q coordinates, and a control strategy of power feed forward decoupling control of traditional DPC, which realizes the dynamic decoupling of active and reactive power. The MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations verify the feasibility of this control strategy.


Mobile phone front-end and baseband modules are hard to obtain on the market for end customers. Thus, software defined radios are widely used in research and development, enabling many opportunities for digital signal processing. In this publication a novel option to receive GSM signals is suggested by using an ultra-low power Sub-GHz transceiver in a legacy mode. The device outputs raw demodulated bits while the signal processing is realized in software. The functionality is proven and quantified by measurements.


A sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method is presented that aims to overcome some of the drawbacks of contemporary SQP methods. It avoids the diculties associated with indefinite quadratic programming subproblems by defining this subproblem to be always convex. The novel feature of the approach is the addition of an equality constrained phase that promotes fast convergence and improves performance in the presence of ill conditioning. This equality constrained phase uses exact second order information and can be implemented using either a direct solve or an iterative method. The paper studies the global and local convergence properties of the new algorithm and presents a set of numerical experiments to illustrate its practical performance.


We analyze trends in the age of economic independence in six industrialized countries, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The paper compares trends in the household living arrangements, employment rates, earnings levels, and net incomes as young adults rise in age from 18 to 34 years old. Our results show a picture of generally declining independent living and economic self-sufficiency ('failure to launch') among 18-34 year-old men and women in their early 20s from the mid-1980s to 1995-2000. The exceptions are women in their late 20s and early 30s , who have somewhat improved prospects for economic independence, although from a starting level that was well below that observed among men of the same age. North America (the United States and Canada ) and to some extent the U.K. offer partial exceptions to this general pattern. Between the mid-1980s and 2000 employment rates improved among young Americans in their late 20s and early 30s, and earnings levels either remained stable or increased modestly. The stability of U.S. employment levels helped to offset an apparent reduction in male hourly wage rates for this group , giving 26-34 year-old American men either larger gains or smaller losses in economic self-sufficiency compared to those experienced by their counterparts in continental Europe. In addition, young women in the U.S. who were 26 and older saw bigger improvements in wage self-sufficiency than most of their counterparts in continental Europe. In the closing section we speculate on the possible causes for such changes.


Internet of things (IoT) is about billions of heterogeneous smart devices connected through heterogeneous communications technologies such as Ethernet, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc. The variety of devices and technologies pushes the development of solutions and applications in various domains. Nevertheless, it makes the management, control and programmability of networks and IoT applications (Smart city, Smart healthcare, Industry, etc.) extremely complex. Therefore, we propose an SDN-based architecture to manage heterogeneity of the devices and the networks. Our solution is based on the utilization of dockers implemented on devices. In this paper, we focus on the connectivity of heterogeneous devices beyond heterogeneous networks. Our test results prove the feasibility of our architecture with the use of a centralized SDN controller and MiniNet emulator.


In this paper, the fractional nonlinear Schrodinger equations for atomic Bose-Einstein condensates are studied. By using the Galerkin method and a priori estimates,the existence and uniqueness of global smooth solution are obtained.


The process of design is introduced based on the video doorphone system of′Intelligent Community System′.From the practical engineering design,a detailed account of the design scheme is presented with focus on the function,principle and system structure.


By questioning the apparent straightforwardness of Afroindigenous anthropology and acknowledging its vulnerability to identitary analyses, this article seeks to make explicit the comparative potential of this approach. To abstract this end, an ethnographic reflection is presented about the processes of identification and differentiation found among the Filhos do Erepecuru – riverine-extractivist-coletivos-quilombo-survivors from the Lower Amazon Mesoregion, Brazil. An analysis is offered about the native concept of entrosamento (relational implication), through the Filhos' myth of ancestral arrival on the Erepecuru and their conceptions about the instability of places and bodies, which points to the importance of relations based on alterity and control. This piece thus uses the points of connection and contrast between ethnographies about Amerindian and African matrix peoples to outline the importance of the mechanism of control for the comparative method and, accordingly, for an Afroindigenous anthropology.


Presentation of Case A 56-year-old man with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and severe immunodeficiency was admitted to the hospital because of multiple cutaneous vesicles and oral ulcers. There was a two-year history of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, with a low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone were administered, with little improvement. One year before admission the concentration of IgG was 278 mg, IgA 26 mg, and IgM 5710 mg per 100 ml. Fludarabine monophosphate was administered for nine cycles. The IgM fell to 2.1 g per 100 ml, with a rise in the hematocrit and symptomatic improvement; the concentrations of IgG and IgA . . .


Study participants were recruited by advertising in a local newspaper. Exclusion criteria were treatment with insulin, recent or ongoing infection, history of malignant disease, treatment with antiinflammatory drugs, use of thiazolidinedione-based medications within 3 months, or unstable body weight (±10%) for the past year. Participation also required normal results from the physical examination; electrocardiogram; blood tests for renal function (creatinine), hepatic function (alanine aminotransferase), and thyroid function (thyroid-stimulating hormone); hemoglobin; white blood cell counts; and electrolytes and urinalysis. Using a cross sectional case-control design, participants (n = 24) were divided into four groups based on whether the participants had normal glucose tolerance or T2D according to the result of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The WHO diagnostic criteria for T2D diabetes were used (1). The participants were subsequently divided into two groups based on their BMI (over 30 versus below 30). All participants were given both oral and written information about the experimental procedures before giving their written informed consent.


In Natural Language Processing (NLP), topic modeling is the technique to extract abstract information from documents with huge amount of text. This abstract information leads towards the identification of the topics in the document. One way to retrieve topics from documents is keyphrase extraction. Keyphrases are a set of terms which represent high level description of a document. Different techniques of keyphrase extraction for topic prediction have been proposed for multiple languages i.e. English, Arabic, etc. However, this area needs to be explored for other languages e.g. Urdu. Therefore, in this paper, a novel unsupervised approach for topic prediction for Urdu language has been introduced which is able to extract more significant information from the documents. For this purpose, the proposed TOP-Rank system extracts keywords from the document and ranks them according to their position in a sentence. These keywords along with their ranking scores are utilized to generate keyphrases by applying syntactic rules to extracts more meaningful topics. These keyphrases are ranked according to the keywords scores and re-ranked with respect to their positions in the document. Finally, our proposed model identifies top-ranked keyphrases as topical significance and keyphrase with the highest score is selected as the topic of the document. Experiments are performed on two different datasets and performance of the proposed system is compared with existing state-of-the-art techniques. Results have shown that our proposed system outperforms existing techniques and holds the ability to produce more meaningful topics.


The fundamental theory of the Petri net and its applications in power systems are introduced in this paper.Through analyzing and comparing many published papers associated with Petri net applications,a concise and systematic survey is made from several specific areas involved,including fault diagnosis,power system restoration,distribution network reconfiguration,unit commitment,power network topology analysis,reliability analysis,protective relay modeling and hybrid power systems.From this review,it is clear that much research work has been done on the application of the Petri net in solving many problems in power system.


Improved orbital parameters of the high-mass binary X-ray pulsar 4U 1538-52 have been derived from high count rate data obtained from the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. Pulse-timing analysis yields an eccentricity of 0.174 ± 0.015, a periastron at 64° ± 9°, and evidence of orbital decay with orb/Porb = (-2.9 ± 2.1) × 10-6 yr-1.


This chapter recounts how Winston Churchill ordered the Grand Fleet to take up their war station at the remote anchorage of Scapa Flow on 29 July 1914. It discusses Germany's invasion of Belgium that drew Britain into the conflict just within two days of the Grand Fleet's arrival in Orkney. It also theorizes how the anchorage at Scapa enabled the Royal Navy's fleet of dreadnoughts to command the North Sea and anticipate threats from its smaller German counterpart, the High Seas Fleet. The chapter cites the Koenigen Luise vessel that laid the first minefield of the Great War, implying that the British could expect the Germans to pursue an aggressive and defensive mining policy. It details how the minefield disrupted coastal shipping up and down the coast.


The uncertainties and intermittent nature of the wind generation poses certain operational challengers for the transmission grid including traditional energy generation. This paper presents a new viewpoint that the steady security risk assessment should consider uncertainties of wind power, correlation between random variables and fault contingency from periodic planning and real time operation. In this paper, probability models describing uncertainties of generation, loads and short-term wind power are built. Then, probabilistic load flow using Monte Carlo simulation is employed to calculate the risk indices that guide operators make optimal operation decisions. The IEEE three areas RTS-96 test system has been taken for case study. The case has shown that the method is effective and efficient.


BacKGRoUnD The correct cementing technique for knee replacement involves maintaining the knee in extension for a protracted period of time to compress the cement effectively during polymerisation.1,2 Wound closure can be completed in flexion or extension with no difference in functional outcome3 but is often also completed with the leg maintained in extension due to decreased tissue tension. With the increasing average mass of patients, holding a leg in extension can often involve significant energy expenditure. We report an effortless, efficient technique for holding the knee in extension for an indefinite period without the need for surgeon or assistant exertion.


Language tests have until now followed one or other of two strategies, focusing either on the difficulty of the questions or on the quality of the performance, but never on both. This article describes the use of the partial credit form of the Rasch model in the analysis and calibration of a set of writing tasks. Qualitative assessments of components of writing competence are rescaled to take into account the empirical difficulty of each grade in each assessment, in order to pro vide more generalisable measures of writing ability. To exploit this kind of test analysis in assessing language production, it is necessary that the tasks be carefully controlled and that the assessment scales and criteria be adapted to suit the specific demands of each task. The analysis shows the pattern of grade difficulties across task competents and this pattern is dis cussed in some detail. For these tasks at least, it appears that the difficulty of minimally engaging with a task is highly task specific whereas the difficulty of achieving competence in the task depends more on competence in the compo nents of writing skill.


Metamaterial leaky-wave antennas (LWAs), which operate in their fundamental guided mode (ν = 0), have grown in popularity thanks to their full-space scanning possibilities [1]. Several technologies can be employed to practically implement this type of antennas, such us microstrip, CPW, CPS or mushroom-like periodically loaded waveguides [2]. In order to analyze these structures, equivalent circuit models may be used [1]. These models are able to accurately compute the propagation constant of the structure under analysis, but have some difficulties to obtain the radiation characteristics. Usually, time-consuming full-wave simulations are required for this last step. In this paper, a novel and efficient modal-based iterative circuital model is presented for the accurate analysis of the complex propagation constant related to mushroom-like CRLH LWAs.


During the asexual blood stage infection of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, parasite‐derived proteins are inserted onto the surface of the host red blood cell membrane. These proteins are highly variable and were originally thought only to mediate antigenic variation, and sequestration of parasites from peripheral circulation, thus enabling immune evasion. Recent studies have revealed that PfEMP‐1 and other molecules on the P. falciparum‐infected red blood cell (PfRBC) activate and modulate the immune response. In this review, we discuss how PfRBCs interact with antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and other cells of the immune system, and how such interactions could modulate the host response to Plasmodium infections.


The FDI-led development path of the Visegrad countries has been queried most recently. The paper analyses one of the potential reasons of this strategic turn: the struggle between political elites. One elite was bound to the strong presence of multinational business and the institutions of the "competition state". Their positions were challenged by another political elite that allied mainly with local bourgeoisie. One main arena of conflicts is the economy where political elites try to widen their influence in order to gain financial support. New forms of rent seeking and corruption became possible after the V4 accession to the EU when the flow of financial aid increased. Aid was channeled to partisan firms in public procurement tenders that made legal corruption possible. Political and social control over this practice declined with the demise of classic program parties' role in politics and the raise of populist "business firm" political parties.


The dyadic relationship between U.S. parent advertising agencies and their foreign affiliates were examined, using information gathered from 344 respondents in 52 countries. Parent agencies tended to position themselves to control their overseas affiliates by either totally or majority owning their operations but did not significantly influence, and thus control, their marketing activities. Several environmental factors, particularly claims advertisers can make and hiring restrictions, likely played important roles that affected the extent parent agencies influenced their affiliates.


and criticize the same themes, conceiving these philosophical texts as tools which advance philosophical re·ection. K. opens by considering standard critiques of the esoteric interpretation and how they are di¶erent from the method that he will employ. He then focuses upon the key passage with regard to the esoteric exegesis in which 'things of the greatest value' are reserved for oral discourse. He examines parts of the dialogue he sees the passage as summarizing, with particular concern for the way Socrates makes a 'connection between his critique of writing and his critique of traditional rhetoric', which leads K. to 'reject the esoteric interpretation which does not su ̧ciently take account of the critique of rhetoric'. Following this, K. considers some consequences of written and oral communication, whether concerning the insu ̧ciency of writing, the function of philosophical writing, or the oral teaching relationship, resulting from this rejection of the esoteric exegesis. He concludes by discussing the intention of Plato, and whether the Phaedrus is a critique or a doctrine. He critiques Gaiser's 'hermeneutic' esoteric position in which from an interpretation of the end of the Phaedrus one may learn Plato's intention in all the dialogues. By contrast, for K., Socrates ties together philosophy with the practice and theory of rhetoric, rather than providing a doctrine which can universally be applied throughout the dialogues, except perhaps for the idea that all the dialogues are aimed at provoking philosophical re·ection through the consideration of di¶erent views or positions. While K.'s methodology, including the focusing upon one quotation, is particularly satisfying as it gives the work a concentrated scholarly shape, this procedure of concentrating heavily on one particular section of text carries with it obvious problems. K. justiμes himself by stating that the passage is followed by the critique of literature and that the key passage summarizes various elements found in other sections of the dialogue. However, given that his entire argument is focused upon the analysis of one short passage at the end of the Phaedrus, one must ask oneself to what extent such a narrow focus distorts the entire dialogue. Furthermore, the compressed style and intricacy of the argument makes this text slow to read. Its narrow focus also means that it must be read along with other works.


An increase in the availability of digitised data coupled with the development of digital tools has enabled humanities scholars to visualise data in ways that were previously difficult, if not impossible. While digitisation has led to an increase in the use of methods that chart, graph and map text-based data, opportunities for visual methods that are non-aggregative remain underdeveloped. In this paper we use 'Writing Rights', a collaborative project between design and humanities scholars that examines the process of writing the 'Declaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen' (1789), to explore this issue. Through a series of visual experiments we discuss how the production of knowledge is enacted textually, within the written language, and graphically with the visual arrangement of the text. We argue that by drawing on the domain expertise of design, with its commitment to the semantic potential of the visual, practices that more wholly account for the qualitative nature of humanities data can be developed.


The problems discussed:How are consumers protection for service losses and increased indihome costs in padang city? How are Dispute resolution of consumer in service losses and increased of indihome costs?This research is Descriptive analytical, normative juridical and empirical juridical approach conducted in Padang city By using interview consumers, and manager of customer care (PT) Telecommunications Indonesia Regional of Padang. The results of this researchConsumer protection for the loss of service and an increase in the cost of Indihome in the city of Padang that the consumer has not fully obtained legal protection, because PT. Telkom only cancel Internet content Catchplay service To prevent future charges from appearing, An Indihome service fee increases that the charge is still charged to the consumer. In the absence of compensation from PT. Telkom, consumers are Highly harmed.Dispute resolution of consumer Loss of service and increase of indihome costs is the consumer only signed a statement letter containing the release of PT. Telkom City of Padang demands,PT.TELKOM does not conduct deliberations in accordance with the provisions Indihome Contract subscription regarding the settlement of disputes between PT. Kota Padang Telkom with the customer must be resolved by means of deliberation.


This study exploits the concept of Halbach array magnets and also leverage the multiple metal layers in the standard CMOS process to design and implement magnetic-coil distributions on the CMOS chip to concentrate and enhance magnetic fields. In this study, four vertical magnetic coils are designed to surround the four edges of traditional horizontal magnetic coil to reduce the magnetic flux loss. Thus, the sensitivity of inductive tactile force sensor (CMOS chip with magnetic bump and polymer filler is improved. Measurements indicate the proposed Halbach array coil design could enhance the sensitivity of tactile force sensor for more than 2-fold, as compare with the one with planar spiral coil.


were investigated. Firstorder spin reorientation phase transition was observed at 272 K. Magnetic easy-axis anisotropy wasfound below this temperature and the easy-plane one above. Magnetocaloric effect accompanyingfield induced first order magnetic reorientation has been measured directly. It reaches 0.25 and0.15 K, respectively, provided that the field is perpendicular to the easy-magnetization direction.These values were satisfactorily compared with thermodynamic calculations. ©


How to abstract the trusted information is a hot issue in Web data mining.The evaluation of information in Web is obtained by content evaluation,or by BadRank algorithm or by weighing the link of pages now.This essay from the viewpoint of data source gave a new approach to evaluate the trusted information by evaluating the domains that the search engine involved in,and we gave the domains different weight values.So the order of the search result sequence will be rearranged according to the weight.That will be improved the ability of the data mining algorithm in catching the trusted result.Experimental results show that proposed system can distinguish the trusted documents in trusted domain.


In this paper, a new mathematical model has been proposed and analyzed to study the interaction of phytoplankton- zooplankton-fish population in an aquatic environment with Holloing's types II, III and IV functional responses. It is assumed that the growth rate of phytoplankton depends upon the constant level of nutrient and the fish population is harvested according to CPUE (catch per unit effort) hypothesis. Biological and bionomical equilibrium of the system has been investigated. Using Pontryagin's Maximum Principal, the optimal harvesting policy is discussed. Chaotic nature and bifurcation analysis of the model system for a control parameter have been observed through a numerical simulation.


In a labour market characterised by linear turnover costs in employment, the hold-up issue may arise and firms may invest inefficiently. This paper introduces hiring and firing costs in a dynamic general equilibrium, and analyses the effects of two different contractual arrangements, employment at will and fixed wage contracts, that both ensure efficient investment and employment decisions. While the arrangements have different implications for wage dynamics, they imply identical employment and investment allocations due to their efficiency properties. The model replicates the dynamic behaviour of US labour market variables, including measures for hiring and firing. In terms of aggregate wage statistics, both contractual arrangements generate near zero correlation between the average wage and output, and dampen the fluctuations in the average wages, but can be distinguished by the implied distributions of wage changes. Only the fixed wage contract generates a spike at zero wage changes for job stayers, in accordance with recent empirical evidence.


We have carried out a study of the chemical abundances of 1H,4He,12C,13C,14N,15N,16O,17O,20Ne, and 22Ne in symbiotic stars (SSs) by means of a population synthesis code. We find that the ratios of the number of O-rich SSs to that of C-rich SSs in our simulations are between 3.4 and 24.1, depending on the third dredge-up efficiency λ and the terminal velocity of the stellar wind v(∞). The fraction of SSs with extrinsic C-rich cool giants in C-rich cool giants ranges from 2.1% to 22.7%, depending on λ, the common envelope algorithm, and the mass-loss rate. Compared with the observations, the distributions of the relative abundances of 12C/13C vs. [C/H] of the cool giants in SSs suggest that thermohaline mixing in low-mass stars may exist. The distributions of the relative abundances of C/N vs. O/N, Ne/O vs. N/O, and He/H vs. N/O in the symbiotic nebulae indicate that it is quite common for the nebular chemical abundances in SSs to be modified by the ejected materials from the hot components. Helium overabundance in some symbiotic nebulae may be relevant to a helium layer on the surfaces of white dwarf accretors.


Technology scaling leads to significant faulty bit rates in on-chip caches. In this work, we propose a methodology to mitigate the impact of defective bits (due to permanent faults) in first-level set-associative data caches. Our technique assumes that faulty caches are enhanced with the ability of disabling their defective parts at cache subblock granularity. Our experimental findings reveal that while the occurrence of hard-errors in faulty caches may have a significant impact in performance, a lot of room for improvement exists, if someone is able to take into account the spatial reuse patterns of the to-be-referenced blocks (not all the data fetched into the cache is accessed). To this end, we propose frugal PC-indexed spatial predictors (with very small storage requirements) to orchestrate the (re)placement decisions among the fully and partially unusable faulty blocks. Using cycle-accurate simulations, a wide range of scientific applications, and a plethora of cache fault maps, we showcase that our approach is able to offer significant benefits in cache performance.


Peculiarities of reflection of routine life of soldiers' families in Russian folklore in the XIX centuries are studied. The analysis is completed and essential features of folklore and judicial traditions as well as specificity of social-cultural physiognomy of soldiers' families in contemporaries' mood are revealed.


Starting from a pseudopotential calculation Compton profiles for h.c.p. magnesium single crystals are calculated. They are given for nine directions and for the directionally averaged case. The complete 〈001〉 profile of Mg is compared with an experimental result. The experimental Compton profile is slightly broader than the theoretical one because of the electron-electron correlation. The anisotropy for I〈001〉–I 〈100〉 and I 〈001〉–I 〈110〉 is found to be smaller than for experimental profiles but larger than for theoretical ones calculated by the APW method.

Ausgehend von einer Pseudopotentialrechnung werden Comptonprofile fur h.d.p.-Magnesiumeinkristalle berechnet. Sie werden fur neun Richtungen und fur den richtungsgemittelten Fall angegeben. Das gesamte 〈001〉-Profil von Mg wird verglichen mit einem experimentellen Ergebnis. Das experimentelle Comptonprofil ist etwas breiter als das theoretische wegen der Elektron-Elektron-Korrelation. Es wird gefunden, das die Anisotropie fur I 〈001〉–I 〈100〉 und I 〈001〉–I 〈110〉 kleiner ist als fur die experimentellen Profile, aber groser als fur die theoretischen, die mit der APW-Methode berechnet werden.


A combined precipitation-hydrothermal method was used to fabricate carbon nanotube/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite composite powders. The phase, microstructure and electromagnetic properties of CNT/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composites were investigated. After surface modification, The zeta potential value of CNTs could maintain at about −50 mV when pH is higher than 8, which affords a suitable surface environment for in situ coating of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanocrystallines. With increasing CNTs content, the saturation magnetization of the composites is gradually reduced, while the complex magnetic permeability changes little. The complex dielectric constant of the composites is significantly increased when the concentration of CNTs approaches the percolation threshold value of 2 wt%. When CNTs content is 5 wt%, the reflection ratios are less than −10 dB within the frequency range 2–9 GHz, and the reflection ratios reach a minimum −32.5 dB at a frequency of about 3.9 GHz.


In 246 women with amenorrhoea we compared the result of the progestogen challenge test (menstrual response to oral medroxyprogesterone acetate 5 mg daily for 5 days) (225 patients) with the serum oestradiol‐17β (E2) concentration (154 patients) and with clinical assessment of the oestrogen state of the lower genital tract (183 patients) and related them to the response to clomiphene (188 patients). Ovulation in response to clomiphene was defined essentially by a mid‐luteal serum progesterone concentration of at least 25 nmol/l. E2 values were only useful when they fell below 150 pmol/l; they then indicated that ovulation was very unlikely to occur after clomiphene (2 per cent). Clinical assessment was also only useful in predicting failure to ovulate with clomiphene. However, the progestogen challenge test gave good prediction of ovulatory as well as anovulatory responses to clomiphene. After absent or scanty bleeding following progestogen, only 4 per cent of our patients ovulated, and repeated treatment with clomiphene did not increase the ovulatory rate. After a normal menstrual response to progestogen, 39 per cent ovulated in their first cycle with clomiphene using only 50 mg daily, this proportion rising to 55 per cent if 100 mg was used, and to 75 per cent after treatment for three cycles.


The aim of this study was to determine the effects on the density, bending strength and modulus of elasticity and utilizable in impregnation process of wood materials of some geothermal waters from Konya-Ilgın region of Turkey. In the study, thermal waters of SJ-1, SJ-3 and SJ-5 geothermal wells and sapwood samples of brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) were used. After six different treatment solutions were prepared from the geothermal waters at normal room and source outlet temperatures, the wood samples were treated separately with these solutions. The density, the static bending strength and the elasticity modulus properties were studied for treated and untreated (control) wood samples. According to the obtained results, it was determined that the density values increased, whereas the bending strength and the modulus of elasticity values decreased. The SJ5's 40.9oC treatment, which was obtained the highest retention value, showed that the density of wood samples increased by 16.64% compared to the control samples, but decreased the bending strength by 3.17% and the elasticity modulus by 29.06%.


This page provides a link to current year Exchange Rates page of the Bank of Canada Web site for various periods (e.g., daily, monthly, annually). For a previous year rate, you will be taken to the page on the CRA Web site with the annual Average Exchange Rates page for that year.


What do the Brazilian soybean boom, the oversupply of foreign shrimp in the U.S. market, a repaving project in Boston, Somali pirates on the high seas, and bamboo furniture have in common? Newspaper articles about these and other subjects often fail to cover their hidden environmental impact. After reading many such articles, I realized that I could engage students through the often unrecognized ways that people interact with natural systems. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] I assembled a package of news stories (Figure 1, p. 56) to introduce my 12th-grade advanced environmental science students to the following learning goals: * Many human-centric topics have unstated ecological connections. Daily life impacts ecological systems. * People can live more sustainably to reduce their environmental impact. We explore these learning goals throughout the course, using case studies of scientific research to link daily human life and disrupted ecological function. This activity initiates student reflection on the often unrecognized ways people impact ecological systems and how, sometimes, those systems influence our daily lives. It also prepares students to become more critical consumers of media reports. Activity instructions I assign each student a unique article to investigate (Figure 1), and they have one week to research the hidden environmental story or stories and report back to their classmates. Students also submit a two-page analysis of the news story with four sections: * a short description of the news piece (no more than three sentences), * an analysis of the missing environmental connection, * sustainable ways of living that might reduce human environmental impact, and * a list of sources. Some articles include more than one environmental link. I encourage students to get to know their articles well, making the environmental story or stories easy to spot. Each student analysis must discuss how the article's events affect unstated environmental issues or vice versa. Students must describe the factors that contribute to the environmental connection in detail. I emphasize that write-ups are the basis of their class presentations and remind them to be as specific as possible; vague descriptions of possible environmental connections will do little to engage their peers. Students must support their hidden stories with evidence from reliable print or online sources (e.g., The New York Times, online newspaper articles that refer to peer-reviewed scientific research, government websites). The first time I implemented this activity, I wasn't sure students could discover the hidden environmental stories, so I had them submit outlines midway before the analysis due date. This helped the few students who were confused, giving them a sense of security. Most students were motivated by this real-world connection, encountering few problems while researching and analyzing their topics. They were enthusiastic about sharing and learning from their peers. Article selection Each time I implement this activity, I update the article selection, replacing about half with more timely selections, even though my students have never complained about articles being out of date. I keep those articles that spark particularly dynamic and thoughtful discussions. Some articles--particularly weather-related pieces, which are always available--are easy to replace with more recent news items. Students also find current weather articles more interesting. Choosing articles can be time-consuming, so I sometimes assign two students to an article. They still complete individual analyses. The importance of using an example The best way to ensure the assignment is understood is to work through an exemplar in class. Recently, I asked students to individually read and summarize an article about the economic effects of the Panama Canal expansion on the port of Los Angeles (Smith 2011). …


Edward W. Said's thought has too often been reduced to postcolonial studies in France. Beyond the ground-breaking Orientalism (1978) and Culture and Imperialism (1993), Said's whole critical work on literature, music, and politics should be taken into consideration: Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of Autobiography (1966), Beginnings: Intention and Method (1975), and The World, the Text and the Critic (1983), have yet to be translated into French. The question of a Saidian "humanism" is once again the issue here. Referring to Vico and Auerbach, Said contributed to the North-American debate on the "Western canon" and the humanities.


Myogenic response (MR) is defined as contraction of small arteries in response to increased intraluminal pressure. Impaired MR is associated with hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). MR has been shown to be regulated by endothelium (ENDO) through production of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors which are differentially produced in different vascular beds. Despite this evidence, there are conflicting literature reports on the dependency of MR on ENDO. This dependency was never investigated in arcuate and mesenteric arteries of normotensive and hypertensive rats. We hypothesized that MR is dependent on ENDO and removing ENDO abolishes MR in arcuate and mesenteric arteries of Wistar Kyoto (WKY, normotensive) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR, hypertensive) rats.


In his book "Respect in a World of Inequality" the sociologist Richard Sennett U.S. seeks to problematize, theorize and provide solutions to two main questions that structure his argument: Why whether respect costs nothing, is so scarce? And how the machine of mutual respect could be fortalice to push the boundaries of inequality? The main ideas of this book are based around how problematic it's genuinely respect and recognize the other, in a world full of authoritarian inequalities that separate one from another, and thereby cause an abyss where compromise or esteem with others result ambiguous. This book invites to some reflection in this age of intolerance, bias and ignorance of others and their values.


Our previous study demonstrated that intracranial self‐stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle can increase the in vivo synthesis turnover rate of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT) in the nucleus accumbens of adrenal‐intact rats. The present study examined using microdialysis whether such increases in DA and 5‐HT syntheses are influenced by adrenal hormones, which are also activated following intracranial self‐stimulation. A decarboxylase inhibitor, NSD‐1015, was perfused through reversed microdialysis which enabled the simultaneous measurement of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP) as an index of the in vivo turnover rate of DA and 5‐HT syntheses. Adrenalectomy (ADX) attenuated significantly the self‐stimulation‐induced increase in dialysate levels of DOPA but not 5‐HTP. Corticosterone (Cort) replacement reversed the attenuation in DOPA levels in adrenalectomized rats. The finding indicates that activation of DA synthesis in vivo in the nucleus accumbens during intracranial self‐stimulation is dependent on, whereas that of 5‐HT synthesis is independent of glucocorticoid modulation.


This paper presents a novel approach for improving the safety of vehicles equipped with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) by making use of Machine Learning (ML) and physical knowledge. More exactly, we train a Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm that makes use of physical knowledge such as the jam-avoiding distance in order to automatically adjust the ideal longitudinal distance between the ego- and leading-vehicle, resulting in a safer solution. In our use case, the experimental results indicate that the physics-guided (PG) RL approach is better at avoiding collisions at any selected deceleration level and any fleet size when compared to a pure RL approach, proving that a physics-informed ML approach is more reliable when developing safe and efficient Artificial Intelligence (AI) components in autonomous vehicles (AVs).


Though American pharmaceutical companies continue to dominate global markets, Japanese drug firms are catching up. And with the advent of biotechnology as a commercially viable means of producing drugs, Japanese firms may, in fact, be able to leapfrog their American competitors. To determine whether this is likely to be the case, the following article focuses on Japanese biotechnology policy, which has been taking shape for roughly a decade. Comparison to the laissez-faire American approach to the development of this technology reveals that history may indeed be repeating itself. If the U.S. government does not soon articulate a comprehensive industrial policy, America's mighty pharmaceutical firms may share the unfortunate fate of their predecessors in the automotive and computer industries.


The insatiable needs of man necessitated his movement from one place to another and one major means by which he has been doing this is by flying in the aeroplane. The article traces the history of civil aviation in South Africa, exploring the various phases of development which the industry has gone through. It concludes that the aviation industry is indispensable to the development of tourism in South Africa and should therefore be given the proper attention it deserves.


Objective To explore the differences of the four treatments of keloid by comparing the treatment effects and sides effects.Methods 359 cases from March 2003 to February 2011 had been under analysis.These selected cases were divided into four groups.Group A(operation with 32P beta ray irradiation),group B(triamcinolone injection with 32P beta ray irradiation),group C(the carbon dioxide laser excision with 32P beta ray irradiation),group D(32P beta ray irradiation only),for the purpose of comparative analysis of the treatment effect,side effect of the four treatments of keloid.Results The rate of the treatment effects of the groups were respectively 91.2%,93.5%,95.1%,68.4%.Side effects of the four treatments were slight.Conclusion These four treatments are all with good effects.The three synthetical treatments of keloid have higher total effective rates.


Parkinson's Disease (PD) affects motor capabilities of patients, who in some cases need to use human-computer assistive technologies to regain independence. The objective of this work is to study in detail the differences in error patterns from state-of-the-art Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems on speech from people with and without PD. Two different speech recognizers (attention-based end-to-end and Deep Neural Network - Hidden Markov Models hybrid systems) were trained on a Spanish language corpus and subsequently tested on speech from 43 speakers with PD and 46 without PD. The differences related to error rates, substitutions, insertions and deletions of characters and phonetic units between the two groups were analyzed, showing that the word error rate is 27% higher in speakers with PD than in control speakers, with a moderated correlation between that rate and the developmental stage of the disease. The errors were related to all manner classes, and were more pronounced in the vowel /u/. This study is the first to evaluate ASR systems' responses to speech from patients at different stages of PD in Spanish. The analyses showed general trends but individual speech deficits must be studied in the future when designing new ASR systems for this population.


We investigated the accuracy of automatic measurements of the effective diameter (Deff) using IndoseCT software with axial computed tomography (CT) images of polyester-resin (PESR) phantoms of various diameters. The phantoms used PESR as the base material mixed with Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide (MEKP) as the catalyst. The phantom diameters were 8, 16, 24, and 32 cm. The phantoms were scanned with a CT scanner from edge-to-edge position with field of views (FOVs) of 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 cm. The Deff was measured from all slices along the z-axis. It was found that the automatic Deff measurements were very accurate. The Deff values were different by less than 0.02 cm for all diameters and all FOVs used. The maximum difference was obtained a ta diameter of 16 cm and FOV of 35 cm. We found that the precision of Deff measurements along the z-axis was very good with a maximum standard deviation of 0.01 cm. The relationships between phantom diameter and measured Deff for all FOVs had p-values < 0.001 and r2 = 1.000. Therefore, the IndoseCT is able to accurately and precisely measure Deff to facilitate estimating the patient dose in the SSDE metric.


Nowadays agrochemicals have been causing many ecological problems such as pollution, pathogens' tolerance and residues of chemicals in tomato. Bio-pesticides are needed to produce and use in tomato production. By means of the mycelium growth rate methods, the inhibition of 10% MeiJunXiao,60% HuiMeiSan and 60% ShuangMeiSan on 5 kinds of tomato diseases which happened frequently in protective ground were tested. The results showed all 3 bio-fungicides had different suppressive effects on different tomato pathogens. The suppressive effects of 10% MeiJunXiao on Alternaria solani was 63.0%,the suppressive effects of 60% HuiMeiSan on Fusarium solani was 61.1%,the suppressive effects of 60% ShuangMeiSan on Fusarium solani was 76.4%?


Abstract In order to understand the manner of incorporation of oxygen vacancies into perovskite structure oxides, KTaO3 crystals containing Cu2+ impurity ions were investigated following thermal treatments in atmosphere of H2, air, and vacuum. The results of thermal treatments were controlled by EPR. The influence of light illumination on copper centres in these crystals was studied also. The thermal treatment and light illumination effects in EPR spectra of Cu impurity centres are studied for the incipient perovskite-like ferroelectric KTaO3 single crystals. It was found that thermal treatment at ∼950°C in hydrogen atmosphere and in vacuum strongly depresses EPR signal of both types of Cu2+(1) and Cu2+(2) axial centres substituting Ta5+ in the B-sublattice positions. Subsequent high-temperature treatment in air restores EPR signals of Cu2+ centres, but changes the ratio between Cu2+(1) and Cu2+(2) centres concentration. These effects, together with UV light illumination effects observed for T < 80 K, are connected with the possibility of the Cu2+ ←→ Cu+ thermal and photo-induced transformations of the Cu impurity centres.


To achieve a closer relationship between urologists and pathologists and to use a common language and identical objectives in the pathology of bladder cancer.


This study aims to investigate the parents' attitude towards the handicapped children learning in regular class(40 parents with handicapped children and 80 parents with normal children). The attitude of parents with handicapped children is much more positive than that of parents with normal children. In comparison with the parents with MR children, the attitude of parents with deaf children is more positive. The attitude of parents with normal children who are studying with the deaf children is much more positive than that of parents with normal children who are studying with the MR children in the same class.


Abstract : An advanced system of computer typography was developed for the preparation of four reports at the Naval Surface Weapons Center. The advanced system has been made available for use on the IBM 3033 Computer at the Naval Postgraduate School. An overview of the system is presented in this report. (Author)