Honey bees, Apis mellifera, were trained to fly from their hive to a feeding site along a flight path marked by visually discriminable landmarks 3·46 m high. The landmarks were placed at regular intervals of 90 m. During training, the feeder was located directly in front of the third (target) landmark. In the tests, bees were given the choice of landing at the trained distance or at the target landmark which had been displaced to a diVerent distance. Bees preferred to land at the target landmark when the discrepancy between the two indicated distances was small, but landed mostly at the trained distance if the discrepancy was large. Furthermore, distance estimation depended on landmarks encountered during flight. When the target landmark was placed at a distance from the hive closer than the trained distance, the bees' readiness to respond to this landmark could be increased only if bees had already passed the landmark that preceded the target landmark during training. Thus, a given flight goal is defined in the bees' memory by its distance from the hive, landmarks that mark the goal, and landmarks that precede the goal during flight. At the same time, the bees, as a group, exhibited considerable flexibility to land in places that were defined by only one or two of these cues. ? 1995 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour


Some systemic diseases also can cause changes in thyroid hormone levels in the human body, called the non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), which occur in both children and adults.NTIS is more common in neonates, surgical patients, patients at intensive care unit and patients with genetic disease patients.Deiodinase activity, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, thyroid hormone transporters, serum binding proteins, nuclear thyroid hormone receptors, cytokines, and oxidative stress are factors for developing NTIS.The prognosis of NTIS is often adaptive and self-limiting.The treatment of thyroid hormone supplementation during the disease needs further study.

Key words:
Non-thyroidal illness syndrome; Pathogenic mechanism; Child


This article describes three areas that a spiritual approach can contribute to the modern applied science of behavior change. One of these is a modified conception of human nature that takes into account the spiritual dimension of experience. The second is a moral frame of reference. Because treatment is guided by goals, values must be invoked to determine what are good behavior changes. The third contribution is composed of techniques that are unique to a spiritual orientation. These consist of various methods, including the transitional person technique. Together, these contributions represent a growing orientation that complements what we already know and accept from our continuing commitments to empirical science and human welfare.


The paper presents the development of a cavitation erosion prediction method. The approach is tailored to marine applications and embedded into a VoF-based procedure for the simulation of turbulent flows. Supplementary to the frequently employed Euler-Euler models, Euler-Lagrange approaches are employed to simulate cavitation. The study aims to convey the merits of an Euler-Lagrange approach for erosion simulations. Accordingly, the erosion model is able to separate different damage mechanisms, e.g. micro-jets, single and collective bubble collapse, and also quantifies their contribution to the total damage. Emphasis is devoted to the prediction of the cavitation extend, the influence of compressible effects and the performance of the material damage model in practical applications. Examples included refer to 2D validation test cases and reveal a fair predictive accuracy.


Directional dark matter detection seeks to reconstruct the angular distribution of dark matter particles traveling through the laboratory. A directional detector with high spatial resolution has the potential to increase the sensitivity per unit volume by over two orders of magnitude, but requires the development of a high-channel-count, high-speed readout system. This paper describes an FPGA-based digital back-end system to handle a 16Gbps data stream from 103 independent detector channels sampled at 1 MHz. Results of an implementation of this system are presented, along with plans for future development.


Long-term Safety of Topical Pimecrolimus and Topical Tacrolimus in Atopic Blepharoconjunctivitis Atopic blepharoconjunctivitis (ABC) is an ocular manifestation of atopy with a course similar to that of atopic dermatitis: chronic with exacerbations. Topical corticosteroids are widely used for ABC, but longterm use has a well-established risk of adverse effects: increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) or glaucoma, subcapsular cataract, reactivation of herpes simplex virus, and skin atrophy.1,2 Some of the adverse effects may manifest in a matter of days in susceptible individuals (IOP increase), while some are relevant in prolonged use (skin atrophy and subcapsular cataract). Topical calcineurin inhibitors pimecrolimus and tacrolimus have shown good long-term safety in the treatment of atopic dermatitis,3 and previous smaller studies of the use of tacrolimus on the eyelids have shown good safety, efficacy, improvement of conjunctival cytology, and a positive effect on IOP.4-6


The content of compound acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablets was determined,by two-step acid-base titra-tion.It is simple equipment convenient operation,high accuracy advantages of results and was widely used.The result is satisfactory by the several commercially available through the labeled amount of the determination of compound aspirin tablets,comparing with the national pharmacopoeia requirements.


On a hypergroupoid one can define a topology such that the hy- peroperation is pseudocontinuous or continuous. In this paper we extend this concepts to the fuzzy case. We give a connection between the classical and the fuzzy (pseudo)continuous hyperoperations.


The double-switch buck-boost converter, characterised with non-inverting and step-up/step-down conversion, is suitable for the front stage of the two-stage photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected inverter. However, one strategy for the converter, named as 'synchronisation control', requires a considerable inductor and another control strategy, named as 'combined control', is sophisticated to control the operation modes transition smoothly. In order to reduce the inductance in synchronisation control strategy and to resolve the control complexity in combined control strategy, an interleaving control strategy for a double-switch buck-boost converter is proposed. This paper analyses the operation principle and characteristics of the proposed control strategy, and compares several switching strategies. Finally, the interleaving operation principle is verified by a 3-kW two-stage PV grid-connected inverter prototype.


Published in vitro and animal in vivo studies have demonstrated that cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 plays an important role during oesophageal adenocarcinogenesis. However, the extent to which these studies are directly relevant to events in the human lower oesophagus is questionable.


Background:  Needle biopsy of the prostate is an important, common, invasive procedure. Little is known about men's perceptions of it. The present study was designed to assess men's experience of prostate biopsy, to determine the feasibility of a randomized trial of interventions to alleviate distress during prostate biopsy, and to develop a pragmatic outcome measure for such a trial.


Contents: Preface. K.M. Newell, P.C.M. Molenaar, Introduction: Modeling Development as Dynamical Systems. Part I: Physical Growth and Motor Development. M. Lampl, M.L. Johnson, Normal Human Growth as Saltatory: Adaptation Through Irregularity. P. Fitzpatrick, Modeling Coordination Dynamics in Development. K.M. Newell, Degrees of Freedom and the Development of Postural Center of Pressure Profiles. Part II: Cognitive Development. R.W. Thatcher, A Predator-Prey Model of Human Cerebral Development. P. van Geert, Dynamic Modeling of Cognitive and Language Development: From Growth Processes to Sudden Jumps and Multimodality. H.L.J. van der Maas, The Dynamical and Statistical Properties of Cognitive Strategies: Relations Between Strategies, Attractors, and Latent Classes. Part III: Development of Communication. P.H. Been, Nonlinear Dynamics of Brain Regions and the Design of Neuronal Growth-Cycle-Based Cognitive Tasks. D. Newtson, Dynamical Systems and the Structure of Behavior. R.C. Schmidt, B. O'Brien, Modeling Interpersonal Coordination Dynamics: Implications for a Dynamical Theory of Developing Systems. Part IV: Methods in Dynamical Systems and Development. S.M. Pincus, Approximate Entropy (ApEn) as a Regularity Measure. P.C.M. Molenaar, M.E.J. Raymakers, Fitting Nonlinear Dynamical Models Directly to Observed Time Series.


This communication aims to obtain the maximum gain of a multi-port chassis antenna at the desired direction. The beam steering algorithm provides the weighting vector for the multi-port antenna to achieve the above goal. This communication uses the conventional least squares (LSs) method and the theory of characteristic modes (CMs) to find the efficient beam steering algorithm for a multiport chassis antenna. Owing to orthogonal properties of the CMs, the following two advantages emerge: 1) the algorithm provides a simple LS solution without computation of matrix inversion and 2) the physical meaning of this simple LS solution is equivalent to the narrowband time-reversal processing, i.e., phase conjugation processing. Consequently, the proposed algorithm makes it possible to efficiently control the radiation pattern of the multiport antenna in the desired direction with any kind of desired polarization. Validation was conducted by applying the proposed method to an insect-like drone model having three CMs.


The results of performance evaluation of multidimensional trellis coded 8PSK modulation schemes over a non linear satellite channel model by analysis and computer simulations are presented. The system configurations include 2 classes. In the first one, we propose a novel approach of combining several multi-D MPSK subset partitioning schemes with a single convolutional encoder/Viterbi decoder pair to construct a rate-variable TCM scheme. Being rotationally phase invariant, these trellis coded modulations can work in coherent demodulation with rapid removal of phase ambiguities. The second class comprises the pragmatic trellis 8PSK code and its generalized high rate versions. Concatenated coding systems using these TCM schemes as inner code, and a Reed-Solomon code as outer code have been investigated. While the rate-variable coding can be achieved by punctured convolutional codes as well as the pragmatic trellis codes, the new approach proposed in the paper is to change the set partitionings in high bandwidth efficient TCM schemes to achieve rate-variable channel coding, using a single Viterbi decoder.


This document provides a framework for Layer 2 Provider Provisioned
Virtual Private Networks (L2VPNs). This framework is intended to aid
in standardizing protocols and mechanisms to support interoperable
L2VPNs. This memo provides information for the Internet community.


Objective To study the clinicopathological characteristics,differential diagnosis and treatment of primary malignant melanoma in esophagus (PMME).Methods Clinical pathological characteristics and immunohistochemical findings were analyzed in 12 cases of esophagus malignant melanoma.Results The average age was 54.5 years.8 cases were detected for progressive dysphagia, 2 by health examination, and the two was unintentional finding.Under microscope, the tumor was complicated constructionally, and the tumor cells were variform.There were epithelioid cell, spindle cell, variform cell.Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells were positive for HMB45,S-100 and vimentin.Conclusion PMME is a highly malignant tumor,with very poor prognosis.So it should be diagnosed and treated early.HMB45 and S-100 are sensitive tumor markers for PMME,and would have practical significance in the diagnosis if combined application with vimetin and cytokeratin.


Which devices do-and don't-have evidence to support their use when it comes to injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome, "tennis elbow," or an ankle sprain? Read on.


Tree-based ensembles are widely used for document ranking but supporting such a method efficiently under a privacy-preserving constraint on the cloud is an open research problem. The main challenge is that letting the cloud server perform ranking computation may unsafely reveal privacy-sensitive information. To address privacy with tree-based server-side ranking, this paper proposes to reduce the learning-to-rank model dependence on composite features as a trade-off, and develops comparison-preserving mapping to hide feature values and tree thresholds. To justify the above approach, the presented analysis shows that a decision tree with simplifiable composite features can be transformed into another tree using raw features without increasing the training accuracy loss. This paper analyzes the privacy properties of the proposed scheme, and compares the relevance of gradient boosting regression trees, LambdaMART, and random forests using raw features for several test data sets under the privacy consideration, and assesses the competitiveness of a hybrid model based on these algorithms.


The single-ended dual-fed distributed amplifier allows efficient combining of the output power of several FETs without multi-way power combiners. It is shown that this configuration can be operated under class-F operating conditions, thereby allowing high efficiencies.


Fossil bone assemblages of 14 localities, ranged in the Pilisszanto Horizon (Late Wurm), are stored in the collection of the Geological Museum of Hungary and Hungarian Natural History Museum. Sorex araneus findings were reported from five of them (Balla Cave, Bivak Cave, Peskő Cave, Petenyi Cave, Pilisszanto Shelter). Taxonomic revision of S. araneus showed that several specimens belong to S. alpinus in Balla Cave and Petenyi Cave. The presence of this form, supported by other Boreo-Alpine fauna elements, indicates not only a significantly cold climate in the Pilisszanto Horizon, but the development of a special ecotype in the named localities. However. as the sites are only 400–800 m above see level, mountainous relief and periglacial climate yielded open mountain vegetation above the zone of pine forests.


Rotifera fauna of Bayezid Bostami pond was studied for a period of one year from February 2013 to January 2014. Brachionus diversicornis , B . angularis , B . quadridentatus , B . falcatus , B . calyciflorus , B . forficula , B . caudatus , Platyias patulus , Keratella cochlearis , Lecane luna , Trichocerca cylindrica , Polyarthra vulgaris , Asplanchna priodonta , A . brightwelli , Filinia longiseta and F . terminalis were common species present throughout the year. Highest abundance of rotifer was observed in the month of September, and lowest was observed in the month of March. The responsible species for the peak were Brachionus angularis and B. diversicornis . Description of each species, monthly fluctuation and photographs are the content of this paper. Bangladesh J. Zool. 43 (1): 95-108, 2015


The purpose of this study is to identify the subjective factors and structures of the nursing students' experience in simulation based leramiby using Q-methodology. 38 statements as a Q-sample are selected from the indepth interview, and P-sample consists of 37 nursing student who experienced simulation based education. The 38 selected Q-statements from each of 35 participants were classified into the shape of a normal distribution using a 9point scale. The collected data was analyzed using the pc-QUANL program. : Results The collected data was analyzed using the pc-QUANL program. The results revealed two discrete groups of students toward simulation based learning: 'Nursing Competence awareness', 'integrated approach, 'emergency Nursing response training,', and, 'Change of learning type'. Conclusion: The findings revealed that teaching and learning strategies based on the four factors of attitudes could beneficially contribute to the customization of simulationbased learning.


The primary attack in the future sea battle will be naval vessels formation warfare based on network centric theory. In this condition,a co-training platform used for the foundational training of naval soldiers was studied. This platform can firstly simulate multi-condition of air-attack. Then,concordant air information field was established by the air-info distribution system. Meanwhile,the co-training platform could also adjust the trajectory in real-time by the proposal of commander or the situation of fire unit.


Computer Network Defense (CND) has traditionally been provided using reactionary tools such as signature-based detectors, white/blacklisting, intrusion detection/protection systems, etc. While event detection/correlation techniques may identify threats - those threats are then dealt with manually, often employing obstruction-based responses (e.g., blocking). Literature has shown that as threat sophistication grows, perimeter-planted security efforts are ineffective in combating competent adversaries; malicious actors are already seated behind enterprise defenses, navigating the controls. We have developed a novel approach to CND: the Deception Environment. Under the Deception Environment framework, we have created a live, unpredictable, and adaptable deception network leveraging virtualization/cloud technology, software defined networking, introspection and analytics. The environment not only provides the means to identify and contain the threat, but also facilitates the ability to study, understand, and develop protections against sophisticated adversaries. Its extensibility has enabled us to explore its application as a Moving Target Defense (MTD).


The detection and extraction of individual pylons and power lines from high-density point cloud (PC) LiDAR data are a relevant tool for evaluating the power lines utility corridors. Moreover, the presence of high vegetation and hilly terrain is a research challenger in the available methods. The paper presents a novel method for the extraction of pylons and power lines. Two steps compose the proposed approach: a pylon detection step based on top view projection, denoted by DFSS - Detect Filled Square Shapes, and a pylon arms detection step with the DPA - Detect Pylon Arm algorithm. The results show that the proposed method could accurately and automatically extract pylons and the associated power lines, even if the dataset has low quality with downsampling, to reduce the processing time. Field tests were performed with a ground static LiDAR and a point cloud affected by downsampling voxel grid and Gaussian noise to simulate the expected LiDAR data from a UAV.


Abstract Cembrene(1) is a typical macrocyclic diterpene hydrocarbon having four double bonds in the ring. One is cis and the others are trans, respectively. Due to its skeletal as well as stereoisomerical points of view, cembrene is an attractive target for synthetic organic cherist. Dauben and his coworkers2 have recently carried out the first total synthesis by multi-step reactions.


Ghana's growth performance can appropriately be analysed within three distinct periods: 1960-1983, 1984-2006, and 2007-2017. The country's growth performance prior to 1984 can best be described as erratic with negative growth in six out of 24 turbulent years. Most of the years of negative growth coincided with a period of intense political instability and external shocks (Alagidede et al., 2013). After experiencing its first coup d'etat in 1966, the country recorded four1 other successful military takeovers prior to 1983, and each of these regimes witnessed abandonment of policies and projects pursued by their predecessors. Agriculture was the country's major economic activity, accounting for over 60% of GDP and constituted the main foreign exchange earner through cocoa exports. The major thrust of the country's policies, particularly within the first decade after independence and in most part of the 1970s, was inward looking and public sector led economic strategy.


In view of the problem of the single channel speech signal blinding separation,using the advantages of the blinding source separation and the empirical mode decomposition,this article proposes a method for estimating the number of the single channel speech signal source and separating the blinding source.It adopts the empirical mode to disintegrating the speech signals,using the Baye algorithm to estimate the speech source number,reorganizing the multichannel pronunciation signal according to the source signal number,and realizing the blinding separation by the method of the isolated component analysis.The simulation experiments show that the proposed method can estimate the number of the single channel speech signal source and separate the blinding source effectively.


The correct solution for the particular case of an electric dipole with axis normal to the half plane was obtained in 1953. The procedure was to represent the source field as an angular spec· trum of plane waves, and thereby synthesize the solution from the known (Sommerfeld) solution for the diffraction of a plane wave. It was found that the expressions for the field components are compose<! of terms which are derivatives of the scalar solutions for the diffraction of a point source field by an acoustically hard or soft half plane, plus terms corresponding to a source-free solution of Maxwell's equations. Many of the later investigations result~d in this same type of representation of the solution, and the additive or source-free contribution essential for the cor rect edge behavior is now known for all orientations of dipoles, both electric and magnetic (Van dakurov, 1954; Woods, 1957; Williams, 1957; Jones, 1964). In contrast with this mode of solution, most of the Russian literature has been directed at a representation of the Hertz vector in the form of a Sommerfeld contour integral. S~veral quite elegant results for the exact solutions appropriate to electric and magnetiC dipoles have been obtained, as well as various uniform asymptotic developments of the solutions (Malyuzhinets and Tuzhilin, 1963; Tuzhilin, 1964). Nevertheless, some of the elementary expressions that are deducible from these do not seem to have appeared in the literature, and, in addition, the rela tionships between the results of the two contrasting types of representation have not been fully explored. It is the purpose of this paper to unify thes·e forms of representation of the solution, and, at the same time, to give some additional results which are either new or do not appear in the open literature. An attempt has been made throughout to correct the numerous, and sometimes elusive, errors that have crept into the various treatments of the problem. For brevity, much of the analysis will be omitted.


A programmable wideband analog signal processor based on an acoustic charge transport integrated circuit (ACTIC) has been developed for applications that benefit from the speed enhancements afforded by signal processing directly in the analog domain. The processor performs the digital equivalent of 45 billion multiply and accumulate operations per second. This processing power is made possible by the monolithic integration of an ACT delay line with GaAs digital and RF analog circuits. The signal processor is a transversal filter with 128 taps at 5.65-ns tap spacing. The weight of each tap is programmed with a 5-bit word which provides polarity and 4 bits of magnitude resolution. The signal processor has a wide range of potential commercial and military applications, including programmable bandpass filtering, adaptive interference cancellation, channel equalization, correlation, matched filtering, waveform and frequency synthesis, and spectral analysis.<<ETX>>


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a laminate which has good releasability and, when being released from a glass substrate to obtain a flexible device, provides a polyimide film being hardly curled.SOLUTION: A laminate for a flexible device is a laminate of a glass substrate and a polyimide-based film. The adhesive strength between the glass substrate and the polyimide-based film is 7 N/cm or less. The curvature radius of the polyimide-based film released from the glass substrate is 30 mm or more. The polyimide-based film has a multilayer structure of two or more layers.


Attempts to improve the safety of rail operation have included technological improvements in signaling equipment and also improvements to the technology in the train driver's cab. While these improvements have undoubtedly increased the level of safety for rail operation, the potential for train driver error to result in a train passing a danger or stop signal remains. An account is presented of the on-going application of human factors in the production of the National Specification for British Rail's Automatic Train Protection System. This paper focuses on the development of the train driver interface and outlines the methodology used to identify issues which the specification needs to address together with the principles applied to address them.


Objectives: Studies have shown that osteoarthritis [OA] is associated with hyperalgesia and weakness in muscles resulting in muscle strain, poor positioning, and inappropriate muscle use. Hyperalgesia and indirect injuries resulting from forces generated within the musculoskeletal structures during activity may result in the formation of trigger points [TrPs]. The purpose of this study was to compare the occurrence of TrPs in healthy controls and patients with OA of the lower limbs. Methods: Both lower limbs of fourteen OA patients and an equal number of age and sex matched healthy controls were palpated for the presence of TrPs by examining the local twitch reaction, taut bands, nodules, and the pattern of pain radiation and pain referral. Results: Significantly greater numbers of latent TrPs in muscles acting on the hip joint were present in the OA patients with OA secondary to trauma [N = 9], as compared to the controls with out any history of trauma [N = 9] [P < 0.05]. In creased TrPs were found in muscles acting on the knee joint in knee OA as compared to hip OA [P = 0.016]. The total number of TrPs in OA patients correlated with the radiological scores of OA [Spearman's R = 0.57, P = 0.04]. The pain evoked by pressure to the TrPs in OA patients was associated with a significantly larger radiation and referral as compared to the control subjects [P < 0.05]. Conclusion: The large number of TrPs in secondary [traumatic] OA patients may be due to hyperalgesia resulting from the chronic nociceptive inputs from the sensitized joint nociceptors and central sensitization. The treatment or elimination of TrPs may play an important role in pain relief of chronic OA of lower limbs.


The analysis of frequency response in different branches of a multimode fiber based passive optical network is conducted. Both the theoretical and experimental results show that bandwidth of various network paths may be different.


The advent of immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has greatly expanded the therapeutic options available to patients with treatment-refractory solid tumors. However, patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) generally remain unresponsive to ICB therapy due to an immunologically "cold" prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) with limited accessibility to cytotoxic lymphocytes such as Natural Killer (NK) and T cells that can mediate potent anti-tumor immunity. During the course of tumor evolution, CRPCs acquire many genomic alterations and copy number changes that can influence therapy outcomes. Yet the impact of such genetic alterations on the immune TME and response to ICB remains largely unknown, in part due to the lack of models to functionally study them in an immune competent setting. To this end, we previously developed a novel electroporation-based genetically engineered mouse model (EPO-GEMM) to rapidly generate genetically defined prostate tumors de novo within an intact prostate TME (Leibold*, Ruscetti* et al., Cancer Discovery 2020). Here, we applied the EPO-GEMM approach to characterize the immune landscapes of distinct genetic subtypes of CRPC and subsequently identify and target tumor intrinsic mediators of immune suppression for prostate cancer immunotherapy. Using transposon systems to overexpress the MYC oncogene and CRISPR/Cas9 vectors to inactivate tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) commonly altered in CRPC (Pten, P53, Rb1, Apc), we generated a suite of genetically distinct prostate cancer-bearing EPO-GEMMs. Histological analysis revealed genotype-specific immune infiltrates, with MYC-driven tumors generally lacking cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and harboring increased numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs). A similar correlation was also observed between MYC levels and cytotoxic lymphocyte suppression in CRPC patient samples. In particular, tumors with compound MYC overexpression and p53 loss (MP) displayed drastic NK cell suppression. Cytokine and RNA-seq profiling of primary EPO-GEMM CRPCs, tumor-derived cell lines, and isogenic Myc-CaP cells engineered with TSG losses revealed that MP alterations led to not only inhibition of inflammatory cytokine and interferon signaling and antigen presentation/processing gene expression, but also induction of VEGF signaling and increased angiogenesis in the prostate TME. Treatment of MP tumors with a VEGFR2 antibody to block VEGF signaling significantly reduced tumor growth and increased NK and CD8+T cell infiltration and activation, indicating a phenotypic switch from a traditionally "cold" TME. Our results demonstrate that the genetic configuration of prostate cancer shapes its surrounding TME. Additionally, targeting VEGF signaling may be a mechanism to overcome ICB resistance in prostate cancer. More broadly, we believe that by understanding the tumor intrinsic mechanisms driving immune suppression, we can identify rational immunotherapy combinations for CRPC based on the genetic fingerprint of a patient's tumor for precision medicine.
 Citation Format: Katherine C. Murphy, Kelly DeMarco, Yvette Lopez-Diaz, Lin Zhou, Marcus Ruscetti. Identifying and targeting the genetic determinants of immune suppression and immunotherapy failure in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A078.


African Americans remain proportionally under-represented in the legal profession. According to an ABA report at the beginning of the millennium, only 3.9 percent of the U.S. bar is African American, while almost 13 percent of the U.S. population is black. This underrepresentation exists despite the use of race conscious affirmative action admission policies at most law schools. Given the recent threats to affirmative action, it is necessary for legal educators to shift the methods of achieving racial diversity and proportional minority representation in the legal profession to academically situated interventions. Two problems however are associated with such efforts. First, projects tend to be launched in atheoretical ways. Second, when the discourse in which initiatives are embedded is examined, it is found to derive from discourses of deficiency or rejection. These discourses fault the culture of underrepresented minorities rather than questioning the role of power, privilege and institutional racism in students' lack of preparation. Our project addresses both of these problems. First, in looking at attorneys who successfully navigated the pipeline, the study is conceptualized within a discourse of achievement. We conducted both one-on-one interviews and focus groups with approximately 50 lawyers who met the following criteria: 1) graduated from a US law school between 2000 and 2007; 2) were admitted to the bar in a US jurisdiction; 3) self-identify as African American; 4) are working in some area of law; 5) traveled a "precarious" pipeline to the legal profession. All sessions lasted one hour and were recorded, transcribed and analyzed. Although the stories gleaned from participants depict a range of contexts and experiences, common patterns emerged related to how the pipeline was entered and navigated. The overarching phenomenon was labeled as "working recognition." This concept describes both the recognition experienced in various forms by participants and the recognition they transformed into strategic activities aimed at overcoming academic, economic, social and/or political obstacles encountered in the pipeline. It was through such activity that our participants ultimately attained recognition as members of the legal profession. Our interpretations reveal a model of early, connected and continuous interventions that would include components that address motivation, skill development, and professional and racial identity issues.


Vibration crushing is an optimal technique for ultra-fine crushing. Thepaper detailedly expounds development of vibration crushing techniqueand its kinetic problem, which establishes foundation for furtherdevelopment of vibration crushing technique and deep study to strongnonlinear vibration system.


Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) programs include preschool or pre-primary schools (kindergartens, pre-kindergartens, compensatory education programs, and nursery schools), child care or day care centers, family-type day care homes, and publicly subsidized care provided within a child's own home. ECEC policies include the whole range of government actions designed to influence the supply of and/or demand for ECEC and the quality of services provided. These government activities include: funding (direct and indirect financial subsidies to private providers), such as grants, contracts, and tax incentives; financial subsidies to parents, such as cash benefits and allowances to pay for the services, tax benefits to offset the costs or cash benefits that permit parents to remain at home (and stop working) without major loss of income; direct delivery of ECEC services; regulations and standard setting.


Moisture content (MC) is one of the important factors to assess the quality of maize seeds. In this study, the feasibility of using long-wave near infrared (LWNIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique with the spectral range of 930-2548 nm for predicting MC of single maize seeds was observed. The averaged spectra extracted from whole and centroid regions in the embryo side of single maize seeds were pretreated by Savizky-Golay smoothing and first derivative (SG-D1). A combination of uninformative variable elimination (UVE) and successive projections algorithm (SPA) was proposed to select feature wavelengths (variables) from LWNIR hyperspectral data. The quantitative relationship between feature wavelengths and MC was established by partial least square (PLSR) and least square-support vector machine (LS-SVM), respectively. Results illustrated that the UVE-SPA-LS-SVM model established based on spectra of centroid region obtained the best performance for MC detection of the single maize seeds. The correlation coefficient of prediction (Rpre) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.9325 and 1.2109, respectively. Finally, MC distribution of single maize seed was visualized by pseudo-color map. This study showed LWNIR HSI technique was feasible to measure MC of single maize seeds and a robust and accurate model could be established based on UVE-SPA-LS-SVM method with the spectra of centroid regions.


Abstract : Historically, militaries have sought to increase the lethality of weapons to better achieve military success and political objectives. In the current political environment, this approach may not be the most effective means to achieve stability. Political, societal, and operational factors have limited the effective use of traditional military response. Emerging non-lethal weapon technologies may offer the means to decisively confront today's security dilemmas. The current interest in non-lethal weaponry is primarily centered on employment during close-in tactical engagements for peacekeeping and peace enforcement missions. This assessment will continue the debate and examine the issue from a broader perspective. Specifically, are non-lethal weapons technologies an effective weapon to achieve military and political objectives across the spectrum of conflict? The paper will examine potentials of non-lethal doctrine by assessing the emerging characteristics of U.S. security policy, identify the unique competencies of nonlethal weapons, then evaluate the "ponderables" of employment of non-lethal tools. Finally, military employment options for non-lethal weapons will be examined. The conclusion will identify "high payoff" non-lethal technologies and their implications for Air Force doctrine and strategies.


In this paper we introduce the computer rough set theory and fuzzy control theory into the numerical simulation, and use the multimedia virtual simulation to do simulation on the heat transfer process of mechanical reserve tank, and establish 2D simulation model of tank, and add heat boundary condition in the oil tank bottom. Through the numerical simulation we obtain the curve of oil tank temperature and pressure with time. And through comparison of virtual computing results and experiment results, it verifies the reliability of the algorithm. At the end of this paper, we apply the multimedia virtual simulation technology to the basketball match, and analyze the technical parameters of the match. It provides the technical reference for the training of basketball players.


Around the world Islamic banking system is getting popularity gradually due to its multidimensional benefits. Consequently, many tradition banks have been converted (such as FSIBL and EIBBL) into Islamic Sharia'h based banks for the superiority of Islamic banking system. Thus, it is the curiosity of the investors, depositors, researchers and policy makers to know the performance of Islamic banks operating in Bangladesh. So, taking secondary data from the annual reports of the sample banks, the study has evaluated the performance of six Islamic banks listed at both Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) & Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) in terms of deposit; investment; foreign remittance collection; earnings per share (EPS); dividend declaration; dividend payout ratio; price earnings ratio (P/E) and net asset value (NAV). The study found that six Islamic banks have performed very well. Especially; Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. has shown outstanding performance in terms of every indicator. It is expected that the study will not only help the investors and depositors to make their decisions in more efficient way but also; it will motivate non-Islamic banks to convert their business mode according to Islamic Sharia'h.


These wide- and narrow-moat stocks are up more than twice as much as the market this year, yet remain undervalued by our metrics.


With orthogonal optimization method, the impact of the ratio and addition of flux and melting temperature on the recovery and metal impurity quantity of waste aluminumcan is researched, and the optimal purification process is obtained:Formula 3 flux, melting temperature 740°Cand flux addition 4%. In this condition, the recovery rate is 89.3%, flux addition is 0.1024%. Furthermore, the ratio and addition of flux have a significant effect on the waste aluminum cans purification is concluded.


Dean, J.C., 1997. Descriptions of new leptophlebiidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptcra) from Australia. I. Tillyardophlebia gen. nov. Memoirs of the Museum oj Victoria 56: 83-89. The genus Tillyardophlebia gen. nov. is established to accommodate a group of leptoph-lcbiid mayflies from eastern Australia. Adults and nymphs of T.rufo.sasp. nov. from Victoria and New South Wales and T.alpina sp. nov. from New South Wales are described and figured.


Abstract Although research has indicated that organisational performance can be improved by investigating and learning from experiences, some studies have found that organisations may generate incorrect lessons or fail to learn. This study addresses this inconsistency by turning attention to experience distribution over time. Drawing from the experiential learning perspective, we argue that highly concentrated failure experiences and highly dispersed success experiences in a time period will impose negative impacts on organisational learning. Further, we also find that experienced leaders will ameliorate such negative effects through "circumventing" and "inspiring" mechanisms. We find support for our theory through a set of panel data collected from the teams of National Basketball Association during the 2003–2004 and the 2012–2013 seasons.


History: As the making of dishes was continued in April, the study and casting of agricultural tools could not be completed during that month. The history work for May will therefore be the continuation of work begun in April. (See history plan for April.) Literature: Whittier, King Solomon and the Ants; Saxe, King Solomon and the Bees; Stories the Sunshine Told, adapted by Gudrun Thorne-Thomsen; Browning, The Cricket and the Poet.


The initial survey of pancreatic islet formation in the human fetus was reported by Pearce ('03) who described the development of the islets from the primitive pancreatic tubules. The islets were first identifiable in a 54 mm fetus as clusters of small eosinophilic cells attached to the tubule but following vascularization, as observed in a 90 mm fetus, they became separated from the tubules by an encroachment of connective tissue. Studies by Seyfarth ('20) and Nakamura ('24) confirmed the origin of the islets but differed from Pearce in that they found the first islets in 50 and 80 mm fetuses, respectively. The occurrence of two cell types in the fetal islet was initially reported by Weichselbaum and Kryle ('09) while Kardasewitch ('27) described two cell types within the duct system of a 45 mm fetus. The first indication of islet development was noted by Kardasewitch in a 60 mm fetus when small darkly stained cells, the "Insulocytes," began to proliferate but "typical" islets were not observed until the 90 mm stage. Neubert ('27) also described the development of islet cells from ductule epithelium and, in addition, from cells located at the terminal ends of the ducts. These cells contained intensely stained granules and exhibited a "muddy" appearance which was typical of all young islet cells. Furthermore, such scattered isletpotential cells were always found on the outer surface of groups of cells arranged around adjacent blood vessels, a grouping referred to by Neubert as an "Inselfeld." In a more recent study of the fetal pancreas, Ferner and Stoeckenius ('51) divided islet development into three stages : (a) single cells, (b) "Inselfeld," and (c) "Mantelinsel." The first stage, observed in a 130 mm fetus, consisted of alpha cells within the walls and terminal procy , University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan


The cyclic tellurium(IV) diiodide, 2-Methyl-1,1-diiodo-1-telluracyclopentane, was prepared in good yields at room temperature by the incorporation of tellurium powder across Carbon–Iodine bond in presence of sodium iodide and acetone. The cyclic tellurium(IV) diiodide compound has been established by proton and 13carbon NMR spectroscopy along with elemental analysis. This compound was further characterized by 125Te NMR in DMSO. Molecular structures of cyclic tellurium(IV) diiodide was also established by single-crystal X-ray studies. In solid-state, molecular structures of cyclic tellurium(IV) diiodidepossess scarcely observed Te…I secondary bonding interactions (SBIs) and two molecule are co-crystallized. Both molecules are interconnected with each other by Te…I secondary bonding interactions. The five-membered rings acquire a twist-boat shape structure. Observed C–Te–C bond angles for molecule A, and molecule B are 85.0(1)°& 85.4(2)° respectively. Similarly observed, I–Te–I bond angles for both molecule A & B are 174.5(1)°&174.2(1)° respectively.


Thank you very much for downloading application of mathematical modelling to process development and design. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen books like this application of mathematical modelling to process development and design, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their computer.


The superplasticity and microstructure evolution of TC21 alloy sheet at different deformation parameters was studied by CMT 4104 universal testing machine.The results show that TC21 alloy sheet exhibits excellent superplasticity and the maximum elongation is 964%.The deformation temperature can influence the superplasticity significantly which is related to the volume of equiaxed α phase at certain temperature.The dynamic recrystallization grains become coarse at lower strain rates and the larger deformation degree can result in the deformation.


Platform media are changing the disability charity landscape. This paper employs a hybrid critical disability studies – platform media studies lens to explore the SickKids VS campaign, aiming to 'fight' childhood illness and disability. Employing a social media thematic analysis, we analyzed social media content distributed through the campaign, consisting of images, videos, and captions ( n=620). We found three dominant narratives: heroic sick kids, crumbling infrastructure, and informational content. Each trend, we argue, emerges within a changing platform mediascape, whereby charitable audiences must be cultivated and curated over a long-term process, rather than in a single moment, as in telethon fundraising. We ask how disability is framed in each of those narratives, and how disability studies might respond to these formulations in the political economy of platform media. We end by exploring the strategies disability studies can take to combat the marginalizing effects of such charitable campaigns.


The solution of one of the most important social tasks of Soviet society — that of securing the further development of the state health-care system and securing the right of citizens to health care — presupposes increasing the effectiveness of the means for the legal protection of this personal benefit.


Modern immune and targeted therapies appear more effective against advanced melanoma in women than in men. Melanoma incidence is also lower in women. Similar sex differences are observed in other tumors that are not classically considered sex hormone responsive. Here, we show that much of the protective effect likely results from estrogen signaling through the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) on tumor cells. Selective GPER activation in primary male and female melanocytes, and in melanoma cells, induced long-term changes that maintained a more differentiated cell state as defined by increased expression of well-established melanocyte differentiation antigens, increased pigment production, decreased proliferative capacity, and decreased expression of the oncodriver and stem cell marker c-Myc. GPER signaling also rendered melanoma cells more vulnerable to immunotherapy. Systemic delivery of a small-molecule, selective GPER agonist was well tolerated, and cooperated with PD-1 directed immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma-bearing mice to dramatically extend survival, with up to half of mice clearing their tumor. Complete responses were associated with immune memory that protected against rechallenge with naive tumor cells. Specific GPER activation in the BRaf-driven murine melanoma model (YUMM1.7) also delayed resistance to targeted BRaf inhibition in vivo. Similar antitumor responses were observed in genetically defined KRas-driven syngeneic pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) models. The GPER agonist used has favorable pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability in mice and higher vertebrates and appears to have a large therapeutic window. Together, these data suggest that GPER may be a useful, pharmacologically accessible target for melanoma and other common cancers.
 This abstract is also being presented as Poster B15.
 Citation Format: Chris Natale, Jinyang Li, Jun Zhang, Cristina Aquirre, Ankit Dahal, Tzvete Dentchev, John Seykora, Ben Stanger, Todd Ridky. Specific activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor inhibits melanoma and other cancers and potentiates immune and targeted therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr PR16.


Maize rhizospheric soils in Mali were analysed for their content in microorganisms capable of dissolving phosphate rock and producing plant growth substances. Six bacteria were isolated and found to have the capacity to dissolve /solubilize the Tilemsi phosphate rock (TPR) by producing low molecular weight organic acids and phosphorus cycle enzymes. The bacterial isolates had an average of TPR solubilization efficiency of 195% on solid medium and 282 mg P/g TPR on liquid medium. The aim of this work was to identify these microorganisms using molecular techniques as well as determining the nature of the produced organic acids. And the level of P-related enzyme activity. The 16S rDNA sequencing indicates that all the bacteria were


Chronic heart failure (CHF) affects between 1–5% of the population and rise steeply with age, and is in the elder− ly major and increasing cause of morbidity and mortality, but little attention has been given to its study specifical− ly in this patients group. Most elderly patients with CHF should be routinely managed with monotherapy or com− bination of diuretics, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor), angiotensin receptor blockers, or β−blockers. Furosemid is essential for symptomatic treatment when fluid overload, and should be administrated in combination with ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers, unless there is a contraindication. Spirono− lactone in dose 25 mg once daily is recommended in patients who have class III to IV symptoms despite therapies with diuretics. ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptors blockers or β−blockers. ACE inhibitors and β−blockers ther− apy in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in NYHA class II–IV have been associated with re− duction in total mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. Cardiac glycosides are indicated in atrial fibrillation and any degree of symptomatic CHF in order slow ventricular rate. Calcium antagonists should be avoided in the elder− ly patients with CHF. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy should be used only if patients have a family history sudden death or history ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia, and should be used in conjugation with an implantable defibrillator. Oral anticoagulation is recommended in patients, who have concomitant atrial fibril− lation or a previously history systemic emboli (Adv Clin Exp Med 2006, 15, 3, 6631–668).


Aims This evaluation aimed to identify patient, practitioner and infrastructural barriers to initiation of clozapine treatment in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). In response to recent research supporting use of clozapine as the most effective treatment for patients with TRS, concerted efforts have been made to establish why clozapine is underutilised in the NHS. Following a study conducted by South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, which identified barriers and made recommendations, this evaluation aimed to identify barriers to initiation of clozapine in patients under the care of Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust. This evaluation also aimed to make further recommendations to increase use of clozapine in Mersey Care's TRS patients and assess whether there have been any differences to concerns about clozapine initiation compared to previous evaluations. Method An online questionnaire containing a series of Likert scales was e-mailed to all Consultant Psychiatrists in Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust. The questionnaire asked Consultants to rate how often they felt a range of barriers interfered with successful initiation of Clozapine treatment. The barriers chosen were based on the 2019 systematic review "Barriers to using clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia." Result Nineteen consultant psychiatrists completed the online questionnaire. All 19 indicated they either "agreed" (16%) or "strongly agreed" (84%) that they were confident in diagnosing TRS. This was a significant increase compared to the South London and Maudsley evaluation, with only 81% of participants in that study being "fairly familar" or "very familiar" with clozapine guidelines. Furthermore, concerns about inadequate blood testing facilities appear to have been addressed, with no participants in this evaluation staing there were insufficient blood testing facilities. However, 53% of Consultants who completed this evaluation stated they "often" (37%) or "very often" (16%) have patients who refuse clozapine because of the requirement for regular blood testing. Refusal to agree to required blood testing was the commonest reason identified for failure to initiate clozapine in TRS patients. This was consistent with the results from the South London and Maudsley study. Conclusion Those Mersey Care consultants surveyed identified that providing patients with further information about clozapine would be the most valuable intervention to increase likelihood of uptake of clozapine in the treatment of TRS. Significant progress has been made in improving the likelihood that clozapine can be successfully initiated, especially in the removal of practitioner barriers. This evaluation suggests interventions should now be aimed at reducing patient barriers to initiation of treatment.


The purpose of this essay is, using discourse analysis, to define how the Swedish society sees sexuality and how this is conveyed to young people. The questions at issue are; How is the term sexual ...


Cloud water and rainwater were examined at remote sites in southeastern Alaska and coastal Oregon using standardized collection and analytical techniques. Cloud water and rainwater were characterized by extremely low concentrations of most ions except SO²⁻₄, Na⁺, and Cl⁻. Acidity was greater than expected because of organic acids from unknown sources. Concentrations of NO⁻₃ and NH⁺₄ were extremely low, especially compared to samples collected similarly in the eastern USA. Rainwater did not differ between Alaska and Oregon except in concentrations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, and Cl⁻. Cloud water generally had higher concentrations of ions than rainwater, especially in NO⁻³, NH⁺₄, and SO²⁻₄. Ion concentrations were highly variable and non-normally distributed. Sample sizes in future studies should be large (>40). Cloud water deposition may be very important in terms of potential pollution effects and nutrient cycling in ecosystems with frequent cloud cover.


Oil price fluctuations severely impact the economies of both oil-exporting and importing countries. High oil prices can benefit oil exporters by increasing foreign currency inflow; however, an economy can suffer from a weakening of the manufacturing sectors and experience a significant downtrend in the country's price competitiveness as the domestic currency appreciates. We investigate the oil price fluctuations from Q1, 2004 to Q3, 2021 and their impact on the Russian macroeconomic indicators, particularly industrial production, exchange rate, inflation and interest rates. We assess whether and how much the Russian macroeconomic variables have been responsive to the oil price fluctuations in recent years. The outcomes from VAR model confirm that the monetary channel is more responsive to oil price shocks than the fiscal one. Regarding fiscal channel of the oil price impact, industrial production is strongly pro-cyclical to oil price shocks. As for the monetary channel, higher oil price volatility is pressuring the Russian ruble, inflation and interest rates are substantially counter-cyclical to oil price shocks.


BACKGROUND
To date, there is no data on switching to dual pathway inhibition (DPI) patients who have completed a guideline-recommended dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) regimen.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the feasibility of switching from DAPT to DPI and to compare the pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of these treatments.

METHODS
This was a prospective, randomized, PD study conducted in 90 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) on DAPT with aspirin (81mg/qd) plus a P2Y12 inhibitor [clopidogrel (75 mg/qd; n=30), ticagrelor (90mg/bid; n=30), or prasugrel (10mg/qd; n=30)]. Patients in each cohort were randomized to maintain DAPT or switch to DPI (aspirin 81mg/qd plus rivaroxaban 2.5mg/bid). PD assessments included: VerifyNow P2Y12 reaction units; light transmittance aggregometry following stimuli with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), tissue factor (TF), and a combination of collagen, ADP, and TF (CATF, maximum platelet aggregation %); thrombin generation (TG). Assays were performed at baseline and 30 days post-randomization.

RESULTS
Switching from DAPT to DPI occurred without major side effects. DAPT was associated with enhanced P2Y12 inhibition, while DPI with reduced TG. Platelet-mediated global thrombogenicity (primary endpoint) showed no differences between DAPT and DPI in the ticagrelor (14.5% [0.0-63.0] vs. 20.0% [0.0-70.0]; p=0.477) and prasugrel (20.0% [0.0-66.0] vs. 4.0% [0.0-70.0]; p=0.482), but not clopidogrel (27.0% [0.0-68.0] vs. 53.0% [0.0-81.0]; p=0.011), cohorts.

CONCLUSION
In patients with CCS, switching from different DAPT regimens to DPI was feasible, showing enhanced P2Y12 inhibition with DAPT and reduced TG with DPI, with no differences in platelet-mediated global thrombogenicity between DPI and ticagrelor- and prasugrel, but not clopidogrel-, based DAPT.


'the natural order may be reversed for metrical convenience' is not a helpful type of explanation. An intelligent student ought to wonder when and under what circumstances a poet might do this sort of thing and whether the sky was the limit (cf. again on Bomer, above, p. 39); 421 uictricemque petunt dextrae coniungere dextram 'it is certainly surprising that, after "coniungere", "dextram" should not refer to the subject's own hand'. To an English speaker, possibly, but this is Latin, which in some ways is more flexible: cf. Her. 3. 51 tot tamen amissis te compensauimus unum and similar expressions; 701 'supply "est" with "adopertaque"': no, supply uidetur; 870 abiit: Hollis, unlike Bomer (above, p. 41), understands the point, but his terminology is not precise enough to ensure that a student would do so. It is vital to maintain the distinction between vowel length and syllabic quantity in metrical discussion: students should be referred to W. S. Allen, Vox Latina (1965), 89-92. The plates provide pleasing and apposite illustrations to the Scylla, Icarus, and Meleager episodes. There is a full index locorum and a shorter general index.


In this article, a new multicast protocol is introduced at the session layer, which is based on network coding and is called the Network Coding Datagram Protocol (NCDP). The NCDP protocol is specifically designed for content delivery systems that utilize multicast data transmission from multiple sources. The development of the NCDP packet and its operational logic takes into consideration the variability of the protocols used in conjunction with it, as well as the packet header processing algorithms for routing nodes-coders. Additionally, a virtual laboratory bench is proposed to facilitate research on the operation of the protocol. The article also includes the results of testing the NCDP protocol in networks with butterfly and diamond topologies, with a comparison between simple sequential multicast transmission and network coding transmission.


Many strategic decisions must be made to manage a company's assortment of products effectively. To start, a firm must select strategies regarding its product mix. One decision is how to position the product relative to competing products and other products sold by the firm. Another strategic decision is whether or how to expand the product mix by adding items to a line and/or introducing new lines. Altering the design, packaging, or other features of existing products is still another option among the strategies of selecting the best mix.


This study proposes a teaching strategy based on learning with digital games, to provide an active method for higher education, in which students are also involved in the teaching-learning process. From this perspective, ICTs should be used as a resource to make classes more dynamic and interactive. The purpose of games practice is that the student can develop competencies and useful skills for non-academic settings, in addition to learning the specific content of the lesson. Another important aspect in the use of digital games is students' involvement and pleasure in playing, learning obliquely, without necessarily worrying about content. This literature class for the Bachelor of Arts degree course, which is taught using a game entitled "Renascenca", created by the team, had positive results, because the students were interested, excited and successfully learnt the contents.


And a gate driver that is installed in the form of a matrix of source signal lines and gate signal lines disposed in, and a junction of the source signal line and gate signal line, supplies the gate signal to the liquid crystal display panel, a gate signal having a liquid crystal display device using OCB mode liquid crystal, in the display period, and it supplies a voltage corresponding to the gradation of the display data to the source signal line, and the inversion preventing driving period includes a source driver to reverse the supply voltage for the protection to the source signal line, and the source driver is the reverse as the voltage for the prevention and supplies a voltage lower by a predetermined value than a voltage corresponding to black. A liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal display panel, a gate driver, OCB-mode liquid crystal, gray scale


Biological studies on the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks). Showed that the female lived longer than of the male; whereas female and male longevity averaged 14.72 and 11.5 days, respectively. The predator efficiency of consumed immature stages of Tetranychus uticae Koch, increased during the predator developmental stages as well as the adult female and male consumed 77.4 and 27.5 immatures of T.uritcae, respectively. At cold storage of P.macropilis eggs at 10 and 5 o C, respectively when the stored eggs transferred at 25 o C. The biological aspects of the predator P.macropilis after cooling storage of its eggs at 5 o C, respectively when the stored eggs transferred at 25 o C. The biological aspects of the predator P.macropilis after cooling storage of its eggs at 5 o C for one week, compared with the biological aspects of P.macropilis at 25 o C indicated that female longevity decreased to 8.9 + 1.74 days comparing with 14.5 + 1.5 days for control. Female fecundity reduced in cooling treatment, which the number of deposited eggs per female was 19.36 + 6.6 eggs and it was 45.4 + 4.99 eggs per female in control.


There are several methods for quantitative determination of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), among these methods, the gold immunochromatographic assay has the advantages of simple operation, low costs and short operation time. However, this assay can only get qualitative or semi-quantitative results when observed directly with naked eyes. By combining the fuzzy C-means algorithm and the Support Vector Regression (SVR), this paper presents a rapid quantitative determination method of hCG immunochromatographic assay strip. In this paper, SVR is used to predict the hCG concentration. In the experiment, the data derived from 35 strips CCD image are used for SVR model training; on the other hand, the data derived from other 18 strips are used for model testing. The results show that the SVR yields a good result, the total MSE of the 18 strips is 10.2. The CV is 7.07%. This method is proved to be practical and objective, as well as enhances the detection sensitivity in some extent.


The past year has been marked by greatly increased activity at Ankara ; the enlarged premises were fully occupied during the season by members of the Institute and students and a stream of foreign visitors. It is proving a very valuable centre of activity both in the field of archaeology and history; a detailed account will be found in the Director's report, which covers too a survey of varied archaeological research carried out during the year. Changes are taking place in London : the greatly increased rent asked for a short renewal of our lease at 16 Bryanston Street necessitated our seeking other accommodation. The new office will be Room 114 m RTB House at the north end of Gower Street. It is hoped that this second change of address in a few years will not cause too much inconvenience to members and students. The new arrangements should prove satisfactory. Quite the most notable change, however, is that Mrs. Rudoi, who has been Secretary from the very early days of the Institute, is retiring at the end of 1963. She has given devoted service and put the Institute's interests before all other considerations. The Institute owes her much in countless ways, but perhaps particularly in her assiduity in securing an ever widening circle of overseas subscribers. It is satisfactory, therefore, that she is still ready to carry on for the Institute the responsibility for publications. Mrs. Rudoi's retirement inevitably led to some readjustment and it was decided to revert to the very early arrangement of having an Honorary Secretary. This was made possible by the fortunate fact that Professor Seton Lloyd, whose office is in the Institute of Archaeology close at hand, felt able to accept the responsibility. So we may be said to be opening a new chapter in the Institute's history.


A procedure that enables determination of a pressure-temperature curve containing the p..rru.. and temperature of incorporation of one mineral into a crystallizing host mineral consists of two steps. One step is determination of any experimentally-determined pressure and temperature for which a piezobirefringent halo in the host around the inclusion just vanishes. The second step uses a set of pressure-temperature curves, each of which indicates constant difference in natural strain between the two minerals as obtained by comparison dilatometry (Part I of this series). Barring complications, especially plastic creep, the curve that passes through the pressure and temperature at which the halo vanishes contains the pr.rrur" and temperature of incorporation. The intersection of two independently-determined iurves of this type is the pressure and temperature of incorporation' We report calibration of the association, quartz in three different orientations and garnet having a variety of compositions, to 7 kbar between 25"C and just below the low-high quartz transition. Extreme compositional variation within the solid solution (Fe'z+,Mg, ca, Mnr+)sAlrSLO, has little effect on calibration. An implication of our work is that the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of almandine-type garnet near standard conditions is -7.58 X 10-6 oC-t, considerably higher than previously accepted. Tight pressure-temperature r strictions on the AlrSiOu triple point, consistent with the determinations of Newton and of Holdaway, result from applications of solid inclusion piezothermometry and other petrological information to occurrences in New England and an Alpine occurrence. The inferred denudation rate of 0.5 + 0.1 mm/year at the Alpine occurrence lies within the range ofvalues obtained by Clark and Jiiger from data on heat flow and geochronology at the nearly Gotthard Tunnel. Introduction Some years ago Rosenfeld and Chase (1961' p. 528-535) and Rosenfeld (1969, p. 320-331, 345-341) discussed application of comparison dilatometry to solid inclusion piezothermometry, a procedure for I Present address: Department of Geology, California State Univers i ty , Northr idge, Cal i fornia 91324. 2 The authors consider themselves equal partners in carrying out the work described herein. determination of the pressure and temperature at which a mineral inclusion was incorporated into a host mineral. In the previous paper of this series (Adams, Cohen, and Rosenfeld, 1975; hereafter referred to as Part I), we have detailed techniques of compar ison d i la tometry that were petro logical ly motivated. In this paper we pursue further petrological goals by ( l ) e laborat ion of the general qual i ta t ive


Abstract Objective To examine whether downsizing, the reduction of personnel in organisations, is a predictor of increased sickness absence and mortality among employees. Design Prospective cohort study over 7.5 years of employees grouped into categories on the basis of reductions of personnel in their occupation and workplace: no downsizing (< 8% reduction), minor downsizing (8-18%), and major downsizing (> 18%). Setting Four towns in Finland. Participants 5909 male and 16 521 female municipal employees, aged 19-62 years, who kept their jobs. Main outcome measures Annual sickness absence rate based on employers' records before and after downsizing by employment contract; all cause and cause specific mortality obtained from the national mortality register. Results Major downsizing was associated with an increase in sickness absence (P for trend < 0.001) in permanent employees but not in temporary employees. The extent of downsizing was also associated with cardiovascular deaths (P for trend < 0.01) but not with deaths from other causes. Cardiovascular mortality was 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.0 to 3.9) times higher after major downsizing than after no downsizing. Splitting the follow up period into two halves showed a 5.1 (1.4 to 19.3) times increase in cardiovascular mortality for major downsizing during the first four years after downsizing. The corresponding hazard ratio was 1.4 (0.6 to 3.1) during the second half of follow up. Conclusion Organisational downsizing may increase sickness absence and the risk of death from cardiovascular disease in employees who keep their jobs.


Short-wavelength Al-free active-region compressively strained (/spl Delta/a/a=1.6%) InGaAsP single-quantum-well diode lasers have been optimized for high continuous-wave (CW) output powers. The use of a highly misoriented substrate is shown to improve the low-temperature spectral characteristics of the active quantum well and result in higher laser performance. By employing strain compensated active regions and growth on highly misoriented substrates, record-high characteristic temperature coefficients T/sub 0/ (115-125 K) and T/sub 1/ (400-500 K) are achieved for this wavelength region (/spl lambda/=0.73 /spl mu/m). A broad waveguide laser design with In/sub 0.5/(Ga/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/)/sub 0.5/P cladding layers is utilized to achieve CW output powers of 3.2 W (100-/spl mu/m wide, L=1 mm), with stable operation demonstrated at 0.5-W CW.


The formation of bimolecular isotopological monolayers comprised of melamine and members of the homologous series of fatty acids extending from pentanoic through tridecanoic acid was studied at the liquid−graphite interface by scanning tunneling microscopy. In these systems, the fatty acids not only serve as solvents, i.e., provider and transport medium for solute molecules, but are also a structure determining part of the self-assembled monolayers. For all solvents, hexagonal structures were observed where the lattice parameter increases linearly with the chain length of the fatty acid from 2.8 nm for pentanoic acid to 4.1 nm for tridecanoic acid. All bimolecular networks exhibit the same topology: the basic unit consists of a melamine hexamer which is stabilized by internal N···H−N hydrogen bonds and surrounded by 12 radially arranged fatty acid molecules. The p6 symmetry of the monolayer originates from the melamine core, whereas the lattice parameter is determined by the aliphatic chain length of the ...


The Survey of London has recently turned its attention to the Charterhouse, that extraordinary combination of medieval priory, Renaissance mansion and Jacobean almshouse and school on the northern fringe of the City. The results of the Survey's research are due for publication shortly; here there is only space to dwell on a few of the discoveries which have been made, most of them concerning the sculptor John Colt and his role in the refurbishment of the chapel, on Laudian principles, in the mid-1630s. John Newman's work on Laud's impact on architecture and interiors is well-known, and we hope this will be a fitting contribution to his celebratory volume.


Varieties of multimedia data are being captured, stored and shared at an unprecedented scale. The technology that helps people search, use and express themselves with such media is lagging behind. The variety of media types from multiple sources is an essential feature of modern multimedia content. Effective integration of multimedia data is a challenging problem. The overall objective of this study is to show that the common representation strategy should be capable of taking full advantage of information collected from multiple sources and combine the descriptions of data in a unified framework for various tasks to be performed for analysing the multimedia content. This paper aims at proposing a framework to deal with variety and integration of Multimedia data in a generic form to express as input for video processing systems and get a desired optimal correlation and prediction of multimedia data.


! During onset of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), less than 20% of patients reach the hospi− tal within an optimal time window. About 75% of pre−hospital delay time is caused by deficits in the patients' subjective decision making. To date, little is known about the course of threat apprais− al during AMI. We aim to show here that health psychology related concepts offer an attractive conceptual frame to understand paradoxical re− actions of AMI patients during this life threat− ening phase of their life. Only if patients over− come a complex network of barriers in percep− tion and interpretation of symptoms, AMI symp− toms will become effective as cues−to−action. Perception of symptoms may be compromised bya wide range of nociceptive stimuli originating from the heart. Symptom vagueness and a mis− match between expected and perceived symp− toms may limit interpretation of the threat, yet active misattributing coping strategies may be even more present. Negative outcome


The purple potato 03-01 was used as tested materials.The effect of various inducers and its different combinations and different illumination on vitro potato plantlets and microtuber induction in culture of purple potato was tested in the paper.The results showed that the optimizational medium for induction microtubers was MS +100.0 g/L sugar,The suitable environmental was the light intensity 2000 lx or shade sunlight,the temperature was 21~25 ℃.


Cold shock domain proteins are highly conserved nucleic acid-binding proteins identified widely from bacteria to higher animals and plants. The evolution and structures, biological functions, and relations between structures and functions of cold shock domain proteins in plants were reviewed. The prospects of studying plant cold shock domain proteins in the future were discussed.


Some key problems of energy dispatching and optimization in iron and steel enterprises were researched based on the construction background of EMS in Zhongtian United Iron Steel Co.,Ltd.Models of data reconciliation,energy forecast,and energy loss analysis of equipment were built to realize the functions of reasonable forecast of gas output and consumption,the performance diagnosis and operation optimization of energy consumption equipments such as turbine and boiler,and load optimal distribution of parallel operation equipments such as oxygen making units and air compressors.The functions above can provide basis for the iron and steel enterprises to manage various kinds of energy medium scientifically and rationally to fully exploits energy-saving potential.


Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 18 F FDG PET-CT imaging in the diagnosis of the origin unknown primary tumor and the consequent influence on therapy.Methods Forty-one patients with primary cancer of unknown origin were enrolled retrospectivety.The PET-CT findings were analyzed alone with results of the clinical follow-up biopsy and postoperative pathology.Result The locations of the primary tumors were suspected in 31 of 35 patients.The sensitivity,specificity value was 88% and 90%.Conclusions 18 F FDG PET-CT is a promising tool in the diagnosis and treatment of the patients with primary cancer of unknown origin.


Breaking rules is more likely an important characteristic among adolescences. This is also occurred in a pesantren (Islamic boarding school). The adolescence santri broke the pesantren rules because of two factors, internal and external. The internal factors underlie the breaking rules behavior comprised three things i.e. low self-control, egocentrism, and aggressive. The external factor, on the other hand, influenced the adolescence santri through several reasons i.e. peer conformity, immoral behavior among the pesantren caretakers. Subject of this preliminary research is a male adolescence. He is chosen since he was reported to have several breaking rule behaviors. This qualitative research confirmed the theory on internal and external factors influencing the breaking rules behavior. Several limitation and suggestion for the preliminary research are discussed.


An improved machining center including an automatic tool changer adapted for boring, drilling, milling, tapping and tool changing operations under numerical control. The machine, which may be built in both horizontal spindle and vertical spindle configurations, includes a tool storage matrix and tool transport shuttle compactly arranged on the upstanding column and a two-handed transfer arm on the headstock. The toolholders are carried in tool cups having mechanical latches. The matrix and the shuttle are also provided with mechanical latches for the tool cups actuated as an incident to transfer of tools between the matrix, shuttle, and arm or vice versa. The machine is adapted to operate with toolholders interchangable with those for a current commercial vertical spindle machining center.


Phenolic compounds are produced by the host plant following fungal invasion which inhibit mycorrhizal development. Boron fertilization of the host plant restricts inhibition by either directly complexing with the phenols or through a disruption of the synthesis of phenols by acting on enzyme activities that regulate phenol production. 19 refs.


Understanding the relationship that dairy form has with health and fertility traits of cows can be aided by a review of its relationship with body condition score (BCS). Lassen et al. 2003 mentions that BCS can be used as a management tool to estimate energy balance at specific periods of a lactation or in a breeding program as an indicator of energy balance. They refer to BCS as "a subjective method of assessing the amount of metabolizable energy stored in fat and muscle". They report "when dairy character (DC) and body condition score are recorded as in the present Danish conformation scoring system, observations on DC will add more information as a genetic indicator of disease resistance." The potential value of dairy form as an indicator trait for disease resistance was reported by Rogers et al. 1999. He found a genetic correlation of .73 between dairy form measured in the United States and disease other than mastitis measured in Denmark.


The future development of UAV requires that the data link has high-speed data transmission capacity uiand guarantees the quality of information transmission.In this paper,feasibility study on LDPC code and OFDM technology applied to the reliable highspeed data transmission of UAV is carried out,and then a UAV data link transmission model based on LDPC-OFDM is given.


Open innovation platforms emerged as software solutions to facilitate collaboration among diverse participants in an open innovation initiative. Implementing an open innovation platform is a challenging endeavor mainly due to the disruptive nature of the paradigm itself and to technological aspects that, if left overlooked, may have a big impact later. During our experience in implementing an open innovation platform in a Chilean university, we soon discovered the need for guidance in the implementation, and we argue that this guidance is compatible with the gap-covering structure of capability maturity models, a well-known approach to ICT process improvement. Based on this insight, we propose an initial version of a focus-area maturity model to assess an organization's readiness to implement and deploy open innovation software platforms. As befits emerging work, we also discuss and share some future lines of work.


The effects of annealing time on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of Ce69Al10Cu20Co1 amorphous alloy were investigated by XRD,DSC and nanoindentation.The results show that the alloy remains amorphous structure for a long time annealing below the glass transition temperature.The free volume and defect density decreases with the increase of annealing time,meanwhile the glass transition temperature increases and the crystallization temperature decreases.The nano-indenttion results show that the creep platforms are found in both as-cast and relaxation alloy.The width of the creep platforms decreases with the increase of annealing time,however,the the modulus and hardness increases due to forming a more compact stacking structure.


This paper presents results of a study on solid insulation aging of a number of oil-immersed power transformers, some of them have operated for more than 40 years. The contents of furfurol were measured, in addition to that of dissolved gases in transformer oil, by applying the HPLC method. Based on measured data and the traditional theory of solid insulation aging, it is suggested that the aging of solid insulation in these transformers is not serious even after 50 years' of continued operation, because there has been no local overheating or sustained transformer overload during their operation.


Objective:To introduce the types and main roles of oral hypoglycemic drugs, emphasizing on the action mechanism and developmental trends of insulin sensitizing agent. Methods: Analyze the correlated literature at home and abroad. Result Conclusion: Insulin sensitizing agent with increasing insulin sensitivity and improving insulin resistance will be the hot point in the research of therapeutic drugs for type II diabetes.


Major H. C. FRENCH, R.A.M.C.: I have the honour of re-opening to-day the discussion on "Syphilis in Relation to the Public Health," including congenital syphilis. This is a sequel to other recent discussions on this disease in the various medical societies of London. That it is the first of an important series of debates contemplated in this newly opened building and lasts for four days, is the best test of the importance that attaches to it in the opinion of the medical profession. It is to be hoped, therefore, that some definite -recommendations may now be drawn up, and an earnest attempt made to ensure legislative control of venereal diseases-a subject quite apart from the State regulation of vice. These diseases cost the country millions of pounds, they fill many homes with preventable misery, they overcrowd our workhouses, prisons and lunatic asylums with imbeciles, idiots, criminals, epileptics and other insane persons; they sap the vigour of a nation, and if uncontrolled may eventually endanger its very existence. I pointed out two years ago in an article on the "Control of Venereal Diseases at their Source in Civil Communities," 2 that Dr. Holland, in 1854, estimated that in the United Kingdom there were at least a million and a half persons infected with syphilis each year. Dr. Mott


During tidal emersion, microphytobenthic algae (principally pennate diatoms) migrate vertically within the top mm of sediment to form transient biofilms. This migration has been described as an evolutionary strategy, maximizing photosynthetic activity whilst minimizing photo-damage. This study investigated the effect of vertical migration on photophysiological parameters measured by pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorescence, comparing migratory biofilms with artificially created non-migratory biofilms. Dark adaptation for 5 min, a light response curve and 18 min dark recovery period were sequentially applied to each biofilm treatment. Vertical migration and the variable chlorophyll fluorescence signal from cells migrating to the sub-surface significantly affected all variables measured (minimum fluorescence yield, F 0 , and maximum yields, F m or F m ' in the dark and light adapted states respectively). Maximum relative electron transport rates (rETR max ) calculated from light response curves were overestimated due to downward migration by cells in avoidance of high light. Changes in F m ' due to vertical migration caused underestimation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). F 0 , often used as a proxy for algal biomass, was significantly lower on migrational biofilms after 5 min dark adaptation compared to non-migratory biofilms due to downward migration in the dark. This response to dark adaptation followed a temporal pattern, showing a stronger tendency for downward migration towards the end of the emersion period. Measurement of photophysiological variables of migrational microphytobenthic biofilms using variable chlorophyll fluorescence must take into account the effects of light induced vertical migration, in order to prevent errors in the calculation of derived parameters.


At the Linear Collider mismatches between the two beams will result in an intense beamstrahlung. We have studied how this beamstrahlung would evolve as a function of the offset between the two beams and we suggest ways of monitoring it.


According to health statistics of Shandong Province and correlative literature,this paper analyzes the status of distribution and utilization of health resources in Shandong Province,elucidates existent main problems. In the end,this paper brings forward to the countermeasures of optimizing the distribution of health resources and promoting the development of health service in Shandong Province.


USETDA 2018, the 8th annual conference to be held in Denver, Colorado in September 2018. Organized by the Auraria Library (University of Colorado, Denver) and Brigham Young University.


In this issue we offer a variety of thinking on the nature of the historical enterprise. We began with a critique of postmodern theory of narrativity in which Heikki Saari argues that Frank Ankersmit's claims that historians' narrative representations and interpretations do not refer to what actually happened in the past because the real past is not epistemically accessible and, further, his argumentation is confusing because he uses the term 'the past' to refer to what actually happened as well as to historians' narrative construction of the past, while denying its reality. Saari argues that historical narratives and interpretations do, in fact, refer to the past in an ordinary sense, rejecting Ankersmit's view that historians cannot have knowledge but only 'insight' about what happened. Ankersmit responds to the effect that the commonsense conceptions of truth and reference as used by Saari cannot achieve a proper understanding of the nature of the writing of history and that refinement is required. Next we have a piece by Peter Burke in which he identifies what he calls the 'performative turn' in historical studies by tracing the rise of the idea of performance out of the dramaturgical model of the 1940s and 1950s linking it to the rise of 'postmodernity'. Burke analyses the role played by the concept of performance in recent studies of ritual, festivals, identity, gender, emotions, architecture and knowledge, explaining the change from social or cultural fixity to fluidity, from scripts to improvisations, from mentalities to the habitus, distinguishing a stronger and a weaker sense of 'performance' in the process. Burke concludes by addressing the methodological consequences of the approach, especially its implications for source criticism and historical explanation. In her study of the story of the execution of the ex-Tsar and his family, Wendy Slater claims the 'tsarist affair' epitomizes the fault-lines within Russian contemporary culture. The uncertain authenticity of the remains, the conflicting narratives of the death of the Tsar and the imperial family, Rethinking History Vol. 9, No. 1, March 2005, pp. 1 – 3


The present invention relates to a preservation solution peeled fruits and vegetables, nuts, buds, fruit and vegetable juices (as defined above) cut flowers, comprising a palatable juice containing vitamin C or ascorbic acid salt to be deposited and to suppress the oxidation products components, preservatives such as sugar component, and an antioxidant component, the antioxidant component comprising at least one antioxidant containing flavonoids, e.g. natural oil-based paint, such as grape seed oil, and / or antioxidants such as Pinus Radiata pine Pinus pinaster bark or an extract, for example proanthocyanidins or other Enzogenol or powder of the present invention described in any one flavonoid-containing compound.


The theoretically predicted intrinsic spin relaxation time of up to 1μs in graphene along with extremely high mobilities makes it a promising material in spintronics. Numerous experimental studies, however, find the spin lifetime in graphene to be several orders of magnitude below that theoretically predicted. Additionally, analyses of the spin relaxation mechanisms in graphene using conventional processes such as Elliot–Yaffet and D'yakonov–Perel' show a coexistence of both, with no clear dominance. Central to these experimental discrepancies is the role of the local environment including that of the underlying substrate. In this work, we use the electronically rich platform of SrTiO3 with broken inversion symmetry and study spin transport in graphene in the presence of surface electric fields. We find spin relaxation time and length as large as 0.96 ± 0.03 ns and 4.1 ± 0.1 μm, respectively at 290 K in graphene, using non‐local spin valve studies and find a non monotonous dependence with temperature, unlike that observed in other substrates. Analysis of the temperature dependence indicates the role of surface electric dipoles and electric field driven electronic and structural phase transitions unique to SrTiO3 for spin transport and spin relaxation in graphene.


Hughes de Loubens de Verdalle, 1531-1582-1595, Cardinal et Grand Maitre de l'Ordre de Malte. By Alain Blondy. (Paris: Editions Beauchesne. 2005. Pp. 212; 7 color plates.) Alain Blondy's scrupulously researched biography of Hughes de Loubens de Verdalle, a Cardinal Grand Master of the Knight Hospitallers, and an enlightened Renaissance Prince and patron of the arts, has the rare quality of being both scholarly and highly readable. This makes the book appealing to a wider public than the narrow specialist market. It tells the story of a remarkable man whose statesmanship and diplomatic skills steered the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, or the 'Sacred Religion' (JLa Sacra Religione) as it liked to call itself, out of one of its darkest crises and gave it renewed vitality, a refound belief in the uniqueness of its mission, and a rekindled optimism in a glorious future. This was achieved through an exercise of precarious political brinkmanship between the Spanish and French factions within the Hospital, the implications of which on the European political scenario are one of the two major concerns of the book. The other is Grand Master Verdalle's contribution to the forging of a truly European identity for Malta and to giving the island, although still de jure an appendage of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, a de facto sovereign status that placed it on a par with Venice and the other republics and city states of mainland Italy. These developments brought unprecedented prestige to the Hospital. The Grand Master could now justifiably regard himself as a prince, and he sent a clear message of the new political reality across Europe when, in a deliberately calculated move, he introduced the ducal crown in the Grand Master's armorial shield. Verdalle profoundly changed the nature of the Hospital from a medieval nursing and military religious order to a Counter-Reformation, haughtily aristocratic association modeled on Renaissance prototypes. Its conventual obligations and military and hospitaller commitments remained essential priorities, but there was a new emphasis on pomp and circumstance that blossomed, in the eighteenth century, in the enlightened Baroque triumphalism of the Portughese Grand Masters Anton Manoel de Vilhena and, more especially, Emanuel Pinto de Fonseca. The latter changed the ducal crown to the closed crown of monarchy. That Verdalle managed to achieve all this was in great measure due to papal support, but his perceptiveness and political acumen were also instrumental factors. The way in which he exploited the Ottoman menace, both real and imagined, to the advantage of the Hospital and Malta, is an important case in point. The merit of the book lies in the insights that it affords into the motivations that shaped this important new chapter in Hospitaller and Maltese history, and in its analysis of them. Events, and the political and religious intrigues which they engendered, are seen and interpreted in the wider perspective of the political chess game of Counter-Reformation Europe in which France and Spain were major protagonists, and where shifts in the balance of power sometimes depended on the whims of a succession of able and energetic popes one of whom, Sixtus V (1585-1590), made Verdalle a cardinal. The papacy saw in the Hospitallers a shield against the Ottoman menace and found it politically expedient to sustain and protect them from internal dissent and outside interference. Elevating the Grand Master to a Prince of the Church was a clear message to Philip II of Spain to refrain from seeking to control the Hospital. The book is the latest addition to the literature on the Knights of the Hospital of St. John whose crusading exploits and charitable initiatives had won them fame across Europe long before the time of Verdalle. The heroism displayed during two great sieges, that of Rhodes in 1480 and the more recent and better publicized one of Malta in 1565, together with a succession of almost larger than life Grand Masters foremost among them Pierre d'Aubusson (1476-1503), Philippe Villiers de l'Isle Adam (1551-1534), and Jean de La Valette Parisot (1557-1568)-who like Verdalle were all French-had fired imaginations and excited enthusiasms across the Christian world and invested the Hospital with both wealth and political power. …


Precollege teaching of science and mathematics in the U.S. has taken a strong step forward, according to a National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) trend report. In contrast, the report finds achievement in reading and writing to be stable, at best. The document updates with 1992 data previous NAEP reports on trends in science, math, reading, and writing. The 550-page report was prepared by the Educational Testing Service under contract to the Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics. It is the seventh in the series of NAEP assessments, which began in 1969. The report compares average proficiency for representative samples of students in grades four, eight, and 11 for writing, and students aged nine, 13, and 17 for science, mathematics, and reading. The testing covered 31,000 students. Substantial gains have been made in math and science since about 1980, following declines during the 1970s. In 1992, ...


Specially produced and ready-to-use lessons and classroom activities, teacher?s guides and pupils? class sheets, are among many resources available for free download from a new website.


The present paper deals with the account of the faqīh Ṭālūt's vicissitudes, which originated in Ibn al-Qūṭiyya's work and was reproduced by several Andalusi and Eastern authors. From the historiographical analysis of that account we can conclude that the fact that some of these authors concur on reproducing a large version is due to their derivation from a common subarchetype, which was responsible for the rhetorical amplification of Ibn al-Qūṭiyya's original text. Therefore, the existence of a large version of Ibn al-Qūṭiyya's chronicle must be ruled out.


Pain frequency and its association with participation, function, and health‐related quality of life were evaluated in a sample of 198 children (58% male; mean age 10 years 7 months, SD 3 years 11 months; range 5 to 18 years) with moderate to severe cerebral palsy (CP). Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) levels were III to V (23% level III, 23% level IV, 31% level V without a gastrostomy tube, and 23% were level V with a gastrostomy tube). Assessment was carried out using the parent‐report Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) and questions assessing health, medical utilization, and medication use. Pain frequency ranged from'none'to'every day'. Eleven percent of parents reported pain almost every day (z score=‐0.38, p < 0.001). Pain was related to severity of motor impairment and the presence of a gastrostomy; parents of the most severely affected children reported the highest pain frequency (p=0.05). Pain was correlated with school days missed (p=0.03) and days in bed (p=0.01). Children taking gastrointestinal medications were reported to have greater pain frequency (p < 0.001). The Parental Impact ‐Emotional subscale of the CHQ was correlated with reported pain (r=0.38, p < 0.001). Pain was frequent in children with moderate or severe CP. Pain was more prevalent with more severe impairment and was associated with educational and social consequences.