Forms in planning often do not match the forms of cities. This is important because the experience and functionings of cities are given by certain forms and not by others. In particular we are concerned here with the fact planning and design thinking often assumes a nested hierarchy of communities and spaces while the real forms of cities suggest a different diagram of how hierarchies are formed and sustained as active spaces. We ask the question what kind of forms human action and urban activity entail, and begin to answer this with a view taken from hermeneutical phenomenology that finds these mediated by technologies in such a way that what acts is the human‐technology network rather than the human in a polar relation with a resistant 'environment'. 'Environments' are, it is suggested, 'technological spaces' constructed in networks and to normative forms and scales like 'neighbourhood' or 'city'. We review previous work on the role of the supergrid in constructing these forms in a process of historical development in Amsterdam. In Amsterdam infrastructure has been systematised to create networks of places in neighbourhoods, in cities (neighbourhoods and other city‐scale things), and in metropolitan regions (cities and other metropolitan scaled things). This is a level of 'planning' that concerns normative assumptions and exists outside of the explicit concerns of planning while affecting all planning decisions at the level of sense. We conclude there is a different 'diagram' of urban space, consisting of three grids superimposed on each other, each of which produces a different normative element: neighbourhood, city and metropolitan region; each of which exists in part‐whole relations with the others. We use this model to investigate the form of the city of Jinan in China, asking about its relevance and how we can use it to promote planning for an active public space in new towns in Jinan. Chinese planning assumes a particular form of the city and we contrast this with the actuality of activity patterns in Jinan and their historical formation. We ask how planning form needs to be translated here into urban form in order to promote public space activity in the new towns proposed and make some guidelines and suggestions for planners on how we can begin to do this. The question of why a model derived in European conditions may help us in China may be answered by the fact that both were subject of urbanisation …


The paper analyzed the change of tourist consumption structure in Shanghai,and the contribution of tourist consumption to local market.The per capita consumption and the rate of no basic consumption of domestic tourists were increasing both,but that of international tourists were leveling and decreasing.The rate between the numbers of people live in shanghai and tourists is 1∶5.8 now.The analysis expressed that the contribution of tourist shopping and eating to Shanghai retailing market were 23.8% and 46.8% separately.Domestic tourists were the main consumer group in Shanghai market.


Film industry is the most important component of entertainment industry. Both profit and loss are very high for this business. Like every other business, business prediction system plays a vital role for this industry. Before release of a particular movie, if the Production Houses or distributors get any type of prediction that how the film will do business, then it will be very useful to reduce the risk of the investors. In this paper we have proposed a method using back propagation neural network for prediction about a given movie's profitability. Initially the entire range of profit- loss has been divided into a number of groups. The proposed algorithm can assign a given movie to it's appropriate profit-loss group. Note that, a similar such method has been successfully applied in the field of Stock Market Prediction, Weather Prediction and Image Processing.


Solutions for two important problems for the deployment of noise-robust large vocabulary automatic speech recognizers using the missing data paradigm are presented. irst problem is the generation of missing data masks. We propose and evaluate a method based on vector quantization and harmonicity that successfully exploits the characteristics of speech while requiring only weak assumptions on the noise. A second problem that is addressed is computational efficiency. We advocate the usage of PROSPECT features and the L-cluster-Mbest method for Gaussian selection. In total, a speed up of a factor of about 6 can be achieved with these methods.


Although renewed interest in flow around groundwater circulation wells is a positive development, the multiple and unacknowledged republication of previously published results is not. This is what has happened in a recent paper published in Water Resources Research by Tu et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027529). The paper repeats results that appeared in Ni et al. (2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.04.030) as well as in the lead authors' own earlier work: Tu et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.09.029). And all three papers fail to acknowledge that the same ideas and closely related solutions were published in this Journal much earlier by Kabala (1993, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR01820) and Zlotnik and Ledder (1996, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR03813).


Following the start of light exercise, oxygen uptake increases for the initial 2-3 min and then remains at a steady state. The increasing rate of oxygen uptake at the onset of exercise is generally expressed in time constants (LINNARSSON , 1974; HUGHSON and MORRISSEY, 1983; YANG, 1985). HUGHSON and MORRISSEY (1983) measured the time constants of oxygen uptake and heart rate at the onset of exercise to examine the relationship between the oxygen transport system and oxygen uptake, and found these time constants to be identical. It is also known that the oxygen uptake at the steady state increases in proportion to the increase in the cardiac output (AsTRAND et al., 1964). From these results, it has been interpreted that the oxygen transport system controls the kinetics of oxygen uptake not only at the steady state but also at the onset of exercise (HUGHSON and MoRRISSEY, 1983). However, CERRETELLI et al. (1966) reported that the time constant of cardiac output at the onset of exercise was faster than that of oxygen uptake. This result disagrees with the above-mentioned result. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to reexamine the kinetics of oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (R), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (Q) at the onset of exercise.


The aim of this Master's Thesis was to develop a method for determining iodine from food. The method was developed and validated for the Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira. The literature review focused on the chemistry of iodine and its occurrence in nature and food as well as its physiological importance to humans. Different methods used in iodine analyses were also discussed with emphasis placed on ICP-MS.

Sample matrices used in the experimental study were milks with different fat contents, egg, cheese and fish. Two different milk powders (BCR®-150 and BCR®-063R) and fish muscle (ERM BB®-422) were used as certified reference materials. Milk and cheese samples were dissolved in 0.5 % ammonium hydroxide, left overnight and shaked for two hours before the analysis. Cheese and fish samples were prepared using microwave digestion with ammonium hydroxide as the reagent. After both sample preparation methods the samples were in 0.5 % ammonium hydroxide which was also used as the rinsing solution of the ICP-MS-instrument. Tellurium was used as an internal standard.

Validation parameters determined were method specificity, selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, accuracy, measuring range, linearity, LOD and LOQ. Measurement uncertainty of the method was also estimated. The method was proven to be specific and selective to measure iodine. The accuracy of the method for egg and milk samples was 90.3% and the recovery of added iodine in these samples was 98.7%. For the fish and cheese sample method these results were 86.9% and 102.3%. Both sample preparation methods gave repeatable and reproducible results. LOQ for the milk and egg sample method was 0.02 mg kg-1 and for the fish and cheese method 0.06 mg kg-1. The expanded measurement uncertainty for all matrices was 10–29%. The validation proved the method to be fit for purpose and reliable. The method will be used for measuring the iodine content of actual food samples.


this a scandal, though such it must inevitably seem to those who by any group of Christians are excluded from participating with them in the sacred rite ; for those who exclude them are as sincere as they are themselves. But in an age when, by such an institution as the League of Nations, we are reaching out towards some genuine human brotherhood, it does seem passing strange that men who love the


The present study was undertaken to describe the histology and fine structure of the longitudinal flight muscle of female P. bufonius at different ages. The appearance of female flight muscle remain translucent in all ages studied of the adult! insect. Histological and ultrastructural study showed that the muscle fibers are reduced to thread-like structures and the mitochondria are scarce and abnormal in shape. The tracheoles are scarce or absent from female flight muscle fibers of all ages studied. Signs of muscle fibers degeneration was noted at the periphery of some muscle fibers at various ages studied: Disintegration and loss of myofibril striations are coupled with the proliferation of sarcoplasmic reticulum. It was concluded that the atrophy of adult female flight muscle is developmen- tal and due to incomplete development (retardation) and degeneration in old insects. Possible causes for incomplete muscle development is outlined in the discussion.


Abstract A taxonomic revision of the Old-World representatives of the fern genus Orthiopteris is presented. We recognize eight species, one of which is newly described (Orthiopteris samoensis), and five varieties, of which two are newly described (Orthiopteris campylura var. insularis and Orthiopteris campylura var. laxa). Orthiopteris acuminata, Orthiopteris caudata, Orthiopteris minor and Orthiopteris kingii are all reduced to varieties of Orthiopteris campylura.


In the experiments,the effects of different modifications with different amount on solidification microstructures of some Al-Mg-Si alloys were studied.The results indicate that,with the increase of SrCl2 and RE addition amount from 0.6% to 1.2%,the morphology of primary Mg2Si is changed from polyhedron to cube with a size reduction from about 16 μm to 11 μm.Meanwhile,eutectic Mg2Si is also refined with a morphology changing from agglomerated coarse tablet to dispersed spots or slim fibers.Moreover,the rare earth element Nd has an obvious modifying effect on eutectic structure in the Al-Mg-Si alloys.


A two‐sample test is studied which rejects the null hypothesis of equal population medians when two distribution‐free confidence intervals are disjoint. A confidence interval is constructed by subtracting the endpoints of the two one‐sample confidence Intervals. Three different ways to select the one‐sample Intervals are presented. Mood's median test is shown to be one of the solutions; however, an alternative solution that specifies equal confidence coefficients for the one‐sample intervals is recommended. All solutions are shown to have the same asymptotic efficiency.


Chashmhdyash, Her Eyes, is B. Alavi's first and only novel in Persian and, incidentally, the last of his works published in Iran before he left for exile. Although Her Eyes received much praise from the critics, it attracted strong condemnation too. The strongest attack came from some of the author's comrades in the Tudeh Party, and also from critics in the Soviet Union who found Alavi's sympathetic treatment of Farangis, the wealthy and spoiled heroine of the novel contrary to his professed progressive ideals and social convictions. All the same Her Eyes remains an important work of Persian fiction, and is one of Alavi's better known works. Thus, although Her Eyes has been translated into German and Polish, its translation into English was long overdue. Alavi's style is straightforward, simple and economical compared with the works of some of his famous contemporaries such as Hedayat, and Jamalzadeh; it should therefore pose fewer difficulties for the non-native translator. John O'Kane's rendering is correct and credit is due to him for achieving a consistently high level of basic accuracy. However, this exactitude is generally not accompanied by the imagination and inventiveness which might have produced a narrative that combines faithfulness to the original with a natural flow of English idiom. Retention of Persian word order for instance, can produce a stilted and artificial effect. In spite of this, the translation is successful in capturing the generally romantic, often psychoanalytical, and always melodramatic tone of the book. It is to be hoped that this translation of Her Eyes will encourage more English translations of Alavi's more impressive works, namely his collections of artistically worked-out short stories where his portrayal of character is far more convincing and powerful.


In order to obtain growth rates of magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, the equation of motion of a diffuse linear pinch is solved analytically in the tokomak approximation and numerically without approximation. The growth rates of kinks are calculated for the Lundquist field. The constant‐pitch magnetic field is shown to be unstable to quasi‐kinks, quasi‐interchanges, and pure interchanges which dominate, respectively, at increasing values of the negative pressure gradient. Analytical expressions and numerical values for the growth rates of these modes are given. Interchanges in a sheared magnetic field are investigated numerically and checked by means of perturbation theory.


New records were established during the past year in both peak loads and energy consumption, but controversy continues on reserve margins, future growth, and ways to meet that growth. The year was characterized by some as a watershed year, and it did have some aspects of a turnaround year; but severe problems remain and new plant construction will almost certainly continue its downward trend for several more years.


In this article, we have demonstrated a novel needleless electrospinning of PVA nanofibers by using a conical metal wire-coil as spinneret. Multiple polymer jets were observed to generate on the coil surface. Up to 70kV electric voltage can be applied to this needleless electrospinning nozzle without causing 'corona discharge.' Compared with conventional needle electrospinning, this needleless electrospinning system produced finer nanofibers on a much larger scale, and the fiber processing ability showed a much greater dependence on the applied voltage. Finite element calculation indicates that the electric field intensity profiles for the two systems are also quite different. This novel concept of using wire coil as the electrospinning nozzle will contribute to the further development of new large-scale needleless electrospinning system for nanofiber production.


This study builds upon a Delphi study carried out by Zawacki-Richter (2009) which posited a validated classification of research areas in the special area of distance education. We now replicate the study for the broader field of adult and continuing education (ACE). The aims of this paper are: firstly, to develop a categorisation of research areas in ACE; secondly, to identify the most important areas; and thirdly, to identify the most neglected research areas in ACE. Based on a literature review and a Delphi study, three broad levels with 28 research areas have been derived to organise the body of knowledge in ACE. Prospective researchers can use the results to identify gaps and priority areas, and explore potential research directions.


: The textile effluents are one of a major source of environmental pollution. The presence of various chemicals, unused dyes creates the effluent as pollutant. The toxic nature of the dyes has to be removed before released into the environment. In the present study, the phytotoxic effect of dye effluent on the growth of plants, before and after microbial effluent treatment has been investigated.  The dye degrading bacterial strain isolated from the dye contaminated soil area and the strain identified as Pseudomonas sp. The effluent was treated with Pseudomonas sp under optimal conditions. Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl millet), Eleusine coracana (Finger millet), Vigna radiate (moong dal), Cicer aritinum (Chick pea), Pisum sativum (Green pea). Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) was selected for the study of phytotoxic effect of effluent. The selected seeds were treated with treated and untreated effluent along with the control. The treated effluent supports the germination of the selected seeds similar to control, which indicates the phytotoxic effect of the effluent has been removed during the biodegradation, but the untreated effluent inhibits the germination of seeds due the phytotoxic effect.


Dental practice management software has become ubiquitous. Most practices today are computerized at some level, whether they are using computers simply as an internet portal or facilitating the completely paperless office. Dental practice management software is useful on a daily basis in addition to becoming increasingly critical in the evaluation of a purchase opportunity. Here's how.


This workshop is intended for those who teach international business, or are involved with validation and assessment. It centers on GEO, a computer-assisted international business gaming simulation that captures the essence of government in an international context. The ideal application is in courses with three or four parallel multiple sections, wherein each section constitutes a simulated nation with its own government. The ideal run length is for an entire term.


The intaglio , of which the engraving is a fac-simile , represents Baladeva, the Hercules of the Hindus, naked; the head encircled with a diadem, or fillet, the ends flowing behind. His lion's hide ( Bagambra ) thrown over his right arm, extended; on which is perched a figure presenting him a wreath, or coronet. In his left he grasps a club; adjoining which is a monogram , composed of two letters, of an ancient and still undeciphered character, found on monumental rocks and pillars wherever the Pandus colonized. In various points of view, this gem will be considered a relic of more than ordinary curiosity.


Cyclo crosslinked polyphosphazenes (PPNs) were prepared by Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) with unique P = n structure and active p-cl group and green compound phloretin. The synthesis pro cess of polyphosphazene nanospheres with Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene as the main body and phloretin was discussed. The effects of pH value and solid-liquid ratio of solution on the adsorption of uranium by pol yphosphazene nanospheres were studied. The results show that polyphosphazene nanospheres are off white powder in appearance and spherical in microstructure. When the pH value of the solution is 4 and the solid-l iquid ratio is 0.5g ·L-1, the maximum adsorption rate of uranium is obtained.


In grant-free sparse code multiple access (GF-SCMA) system, active user detection (AUD) is a major performance bottleneck as it involves complex combinatorial problem, which makes joint design of contention resources for users and AUD at the receiver a crucial but a challenging problem. To this end, we consider an autoencoder (AE)-based joint optimization of both preamble generation networks (PGNs) in the encoder side and data-aided AUD in the decoder side. The core architecture of the proposed AE is a novel user activity extraction network (UAEN) in the decoder that extracts a priori user activity information from the SCMA codeword data for the data-aided AUD. An end-to-end training of the proposed AE enables joint optimization of the contention resources, i.e., preamble sequences, each associated with one of the codebooks, and extraction of user activity information from both preamble and SCMA-based data transmission. Furthermore, we propose a self-supervised pretraining scheme for the UAEN prior to the end-to-end training, ensuring the convergence of the UAEN which lies deep inside the AE network. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed AUD scheme achieved a gain of 3 to 5dB at a target activity detection error rate of $10^{-3}$ compared to the state-of-the-art DL-based AUD schemes.


In the present work, pure phase Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO3) was synthesized through the solution combustion technique using acetylacetone as chelating agent and urea as fuel. The samples calcined at various temperatures were studied to understand the formation of secondary phases along with pure BiFeO3 and the effect of these secondary phases on the structure, morphology and dielectric properties of BiFeO3. Further, the crystallographic parameters were calculated using Rietveld refinement. XRD and SEM analysis reveals that at higher calcinations temperatures the secondary phases disappear (12.53% to 0.07%) and the grains become uniformly distributed over the large area. While FTIR spectra reveals that highly crystalline BiFeO3 obtained at higher temperature. Dielectric properties were found to improve in pure bismuth ferrite as compared to the samples with secondary phases.


Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) (25 to 100 μm) was found to stimulate the efflux of [3H]‐dopamine from small slices of rat nucleus accumbens, but not from similar slices of rat caudate nucleus. Uptake inhibition was not responsible for this action, since at 10 and 50 μm TRH had no effect on the ability of small slices of nucleus accumbens to accumulate radioactivity when incubated with 10−7 m [3H]‐dopamine. In addition the hormone had no effect on basal or dopamine‐stimulated adenylate cyclase, nor did it displace [3H]‐spiperone binding, in membrane preparations from nucleus accumbens.


This article analyzes the possibility to improve the discrimination of brief intervals marked by two brief visual signals with training in the auditory mode, or with training involving a simultaneous presentation of both auditory and visual signals. In two experiments, it was not possible to show improvement of the visual temporal processing after training.


A new series of indole carboxamides have been synthesized through coupling reactions. Several substitutions on the aromatic ring and on the amino acids are well tolerated, and the corresponding indole carboxamides have been obtained with good yields. The same procedure can be also extended to the pyrrole nucleus. Four of these compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activity against ten different yeast strains and two of them showed an antifungal activity. Further explorations are required to clarify a potential applicability in biological fields.


This paper deals with the standing wave for a Hamiltonian nonlinear wave equation which can be viewed as a representative of the class of equations of interest.On the one hand,by proving a compactness lemma and solving a variational problem,the existence of the standing wave with ground state for the aforementioned equation is proved.On the other hand,the authors derive the instability of the standing wave by applying the potential well argument,the concavity method and an invariant region under the solution flow of the Cauchy problem for the equation under study,and the invariance of the region aforementioned can be shown by introducing an auxiliary functional and a supplementary constrained variational problem.


After reviewing the meaning of various equivalence principles and the structure of electrodynamics, we give a fairly detailed account of the construction of the light cone and a core metric from the equivalence principle for the photon (no birefringence, no polarization rotation and no amplification/attenuation in propagation) in the framework of linear electrodynamics using cosmic connections/observations as empirical support. The cosmic nonbirefringent propagation of photons independent of energy and polarization verifies the Galileo Equivalence Principle [Universality of Propagation] for photons/electromagnetic wave packets in spacetime. This nonbirefringence constrains the spacetime constitutive tensor to high precision to a core metric form with an axion degree and a dilaton degree of freedom. Thus comes the metric with axion and dilation. Constraints on axion and dilaton from astrophysical/cosmic propagation are reviewed. E\"otv\"os-type experiments, Hughes-Drever-type experiments, redshift experiments then constrain and tie this core metric to agree with the matter metric, and hence a unique physical metric and universality of metrology. We summarize these experiments and review how the Galileo equivalence principle constrains the Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) theoretically. In local physics this physical metric gives the Lorentz/Poincar\'e covariance. Understanding that the metric and EEP come from the vacuum as a medium of electrodynamics in the linear regime, efforts to actively look for potential effects beyond this linear scheme are warranted.


Between time devoted to the workplace and the home, Australians spend more than 90 per cent of their time indoors. Various legal instruments exist for the purpose of regulating the air we breathe when outdoors. However, the majority of exposure to hazardous air pollutants occurs indoors - and a main source of exposure is through common, fragranced consumer products such as cleaning products, laundry supplies, air fresheners, cosmetics, and personal care products. Fragranced products such as these are ubiquitous on supermarket shelves and in homes. However, recent research indicates that one-third of Australians report experiencing adverse effects such as respiratory problems, asthma attacks, migraine headaches and dermatological problems as a result of exposure to fragranced consumer products. These effects can be severe, resulting in significant losses in productivity as a result of adverse health effects. This is particularly concerning given that an estimated 98.5 per cent of the Australian population is exposed to fragranced consumer products on at least a weekly basis, either through their own use, others' use or both. Indeed, evidence suggests that more than two-thirds of Australians are unaware that fragranced products can emit hazardous air pollutants. Though some consumers might seek to ensure the safety of the products they buy by looking for fragranced products labelled as 'natural' or 'organic', research shows that emissions from these products pose similar health risks.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the dry matter (DM) yield and chemical composition of furachao grass (Panicum repens L.) at different cutting ages (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days), with and without fertilization. For the yield analysis and chemical aanalysis composition, a completely randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement (cutting ages and fertilization levels), with three replicates, was used. Fertilization increased DM produced and reduction in the DM contents. The crude protein (CP) contents decreased as the cutting ages increased. At 60 days, productions of 541,87 kg/ha CP and 5343.92 kg/ha DM and average neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of 69.7 and basis 34.25% in DM respectively were observed. The cutting ages affected the NDF and ADF average contents, but fertilization did not affect NDF contents. At 60 days of age the mean NDF and ADF contents were 69,70% e 34,25% on DM basis, respectively. The Ca contents were not affected by fertilization, with mean value of 0.13% in DM basis, and increased with the cutting age. The P contents reduced as the cutting ages of grass increased and the highest mean value was 0.22% on DM basis, in the without fertilization condition.


The centrality of the feeling on the Book of disquiet, by Fernando Pessoa, invites us to read it as a feeling device that produces sensitive and cognitive effects in its audience. It seeks to look closely at the embodiment, the ekphrasis, the description and the epiphany as literary techniques that, combined with the fragment, makes us feel the Book and think about it. The artwork is thought in its relations with the vision and the photography, under the light of diverse theories, in an attempt to circumscribe it into a modern aesthetic.


Classroom teaching activities are mainly conducted to speech,speech act are the main Classroom teaching behavior which has direct effects on the quality of Classroom teaching.The author uses the empirical research methods,selects 12 primary conventional courses,analyzes them by the Flanders' Interactive analysis system of teachers and students' classroom interactive speech acts.The comparative study is carried through from these kinds of viewpoints: different grades,dissimilar subjects,different genders and different teachers.Based on the present results,this essay presents some reflections and suggestions.


Introduction The burden of thyroid disease in general population is enormous. As many as 50% in the community have microscopic nodules whereas palpable nodules are encountered in 4% of the population between the age of 30-60 years. The vast majority of thyroid nodules are nonneoplastic or benign neoplasm. The distinction between these benign neoplasms cannot be based reliably on clinical presentation only. Several diagnostic tests; such as radionuclide scanning, high resolution USG, FNAC, biopsy & immunomarkers have been used for correct evaluation. Although current diagnostic "gold standard" for most thyroid lesions is histopathological evaluation using routine H&E stain, by expert pathologists, yet the diagnostic agreement remains controversial. One of the challenging area in surgical pathology is differential diagnosis of encapsulated follicular tumors with less than typical nuclei and equivocal signs of invasiveness. This necessitates the discrimination between dominant nodule of nodular hyperplasia, follicular adenoma, minimally invasive follicular carcinoma and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma. Recent studies pointed to some IHC markers in different thyroid diseases in terms of diagnostic & prognostic utility where no vascular or capsular invasion can be observed but a transformation at molecular level can be considered. Galectin-3 represents the well-studied molecular candidate for this purpose. This marker has been identified in both cytoplasmic and nuclear compartment & has been implicated in cellular proliferation, apoptosis as well as malignant transformation and metastasis of cancer cells.


Much of the historical work in recent decades has been devoted to "decentering." Historians of all walks of life have shifted their attention to regions and social groups that are supposedly located at the "margins", be it geographically or socially. The post-colonial critique of a Western vision of the world as it was voiced in anthropology, history, literary criticism and neighboring disciplines has substantially questioned an often tacitly assumed dichotomy of center-periphery relationships. The imperative was, and is, not to reproduce the historical power relations and cultural stereotypes in scholarly work. Analyzing so called emerging cities in Eastern Europe, recent urban historiography makes clear that a look at the micro-level of the cities themselves could help us to move beyond this supposed center-periphery dichotomy. These cities developed their own dynamics and came to have a certain "life of their own," resulting less from the relationship to the imperial center than from a vivid interurban exchange and network. This introduction will hence explain why the category "periphery" in our specific context—emerging cities in Eastern Europe—needs to be seriously questioned.


It is well documented that people of color face disparities in access to and quality of healthcare. There are inequities in healthcare outcomes as well. The biases of healthcare providers are one of the many factors that contribute to healthcare incongruence. Often overlooked, race impacts therapeutic relationships and highlights ingrained patterns of binary thinking, thereby creating hierarchies. Some physicians experience anxiety regarding addressing racism, leading to avoidance of its existence and effects on the physician-patient alliance. Others address the dynamics by bringing the patient's family experiences and lived experience "in the room." By following the "emotional red thread," we can bring clarity to the issue of making racism a neutral topic of conversation in treatment. As it has so often in the past, racism should not and cannot be ignored.


Ambiguity functions of the vibration acceleration signals, which were acquired from a cylinder head, were calculated and then expressed in a series of grey images. These images were classified into 8 kinds with probabilistic neural networks (PNN) after they had been normalized to a low dimension. Then the process of fault diagnosis of valve train was changed to the classification of ambiguity function images. The experimental results show that a very high rate of correct recognition (about 95%) can be obtained by using ambiguity function images and PNN. When the training samples are abundant enough, the recognition correct rate can even be as high as 100%.


With only a month to go to the end of the free Charles Dickens "Fact into Fiction" exhibition at Southwark's Cuming Museum, there is just enough time to make sure you visit before its end.


With the help of Kirchberg's and Selberg's theorems, we prove that the minimal tensor product of $B(H)$ with itself does not have the WEP (weak expectation property) of Lance.


This note is devoted to the stability analysis of linear two-dimensional systems described by continuous, discrete or mixed Roesser models. Commonly used polynomial-based tests of stability are reduced to that of solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. The main contribution is that the approach is very general and the criteria, under certain hypothesis, are not conservative.


Playsam in Kalmar AB are world famous for their design of the toys they sell. Together with their CEO Carl Zedig the goal was to find a new product for the company.  The process has far from been l ...


During the past decade, mammalogists and evolutionary biologists have begun to unravel the numerous factors that shape the enormous diversity of mammal life histories. In this volume, leading scientists provide a variety of perspectives on the newest theories in this rich and active field of study.


The next generation of civil turbofan engines target the by-pass ratios of up to 20:1, which are far beyond the current levels of 10:1 to 12:1. These jet engines require a significant step forward in low-pressure system technologies. The European Union supports within the 7th Framework the research activities for these new low-pressure systems through the program ENOVAL [1]. Such a new low-pressure technology can be achieved through an innovative fan design with a low fan pressure ratio and a radically increased fan diameter compared to the current conventional turbofan engines. The aerodynamic stability of such large fans is quite likely very sensitive against backpressure variations in the by-pass duct. For this reason, the back-pressure regulation of such a large fan, especially during the take-off operation, can be achieved through the introduction of a Variable Area Fan Nozzle (VAFN). On the given geometry, two potential design spaces were studied and the conceptual designs of two VAFN concepts were created. This paper presents a comparative study between both the concepts following the requirements of different attributes. These involve the performance assessment, structural design study, and a preliminary assessment of the design features for integration into the nacelle or in the core fairing structure. For the comparison, the clean nozzle, without any modulation of the BPD aero lines, was taken as the reference case. The VAFN assessments were carried out on two VAFN positions, over- and under-area, considering the maximum take-off and maximum climb flight conditions respectively. For the selected concepts, CFD trade studies were executed in order to compare the nozzle performance, in which three main governing design parameters i.e. discharge-, thrust performance coefficient, and drag, were examined. This research has received funding from the European Union's 7th Framework Program under grant agreement number 604999.


A new artificial wetland for wastewater treatment is provided to maintain treatment efficiency stably by maximizing biological degradation by microorganisms and plants of a wetland and maximizing physicochemical treatments such as adsorption, sedimentation, filtration, etc. An artificial wetland for wastewater treatment comprises: an ecological sedimentation basin(100) including an artificial plant island(10) in which aquatic plants are planted, and which is floated on the surface of water to discharge the primarily purified contaminated water after primarily purifying the contaminated water by physically settling contaminated water, thereby removing contaminants from the contaminated water; a ground surface flowing wetland(200) having a vegetation soil(30) covered on the bottom thereof and aquatic plants(20) planted in the vegetation soil to discharge the secondly purified water after secondly purifying the primarily purified water by flowing the primarily purified water from the ecological sedimentation basin onto the vegetation soil; and an ecological filter basin(300) including an artificial plant island(10) in which aquatic plants are planted, and which is floated on the surface of water to discharge the thirdly purified water after thirdly purifying the secondly purified water by allowing roots(40) of the aquatic plants to filter the secondly purified water discharged from the ground surface flowing wetland.


Adolescence. Libra Publishers, Inc., 391 Willets Road, Roslyn Heights, Long Island, New York Il577. ($10.00 yr.). Africa. St. Dunstans Chambers, 10-11 Fetter Lane, London, England. (£3.00 yr.). African Studies Review. African Studies Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823. ($25.00 yr.). Afro-American Studies. Science Publishers, Inc., 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10011. ($11.00 yr.). American Academy of Political and Social Sciences. 3937 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. ($16.00 yr.). American Anthropologist. 1703 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. ($25.00 yr.). American Antiquity. Society for American Archaeology, 1703 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. ($15.00 yr.), American Journal of Agricultural Economics. Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506. ($25.00 yr.). American Journal of Anatomy. The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 36th Street at Spruce, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. ($65.00 yr.). American Journal of Human Genetics. The University of Chicago Press, 5801 Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637. ($30.00 yr.; $6.00 issue). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 36th Street at Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. ($52.00 yr.), American Journal of Psychiatry. American Psychiatric Association. Editorial Office: 1700 Eighteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. ($18.00 U.S., $15.75 Canada and South America, $18.00 foreign yr.; $1.75 issue). American Journal of Psychology. 1700 18th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. ($15.00 yr.; $1.75 issue). American Journal of Sociology. University of Chicago Press, 5801 Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637. ($10.00 yr.). American Midland Naturalist. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556. ($15.00 yr.). American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers. The American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024. American Museum Novitates. The American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024. American Philosophical Quarterly. Basil Blackwell and Mott Ltd., 108 Cowley Road, Oxford, OX4 IJF, England. ($8.00 yr.). American Quarterly. University of Pennsylvania Trustees, Box 30, Bennet Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. ($8.00 yr.). American Scholar. 1811 Q Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. ($5.00 yr.; $9.00 two yr.). American Scientist. 345 Whitney Ave., New Haven, Connecticut 06511. ($12.00, $14.00 foreign yr.; $2.25 issue).


CASE REPORT
We present a case of an adult who suffered an apparent stroke shortly after an accidental ingestion of concentrated hydrogen peroxide. Complete neurologic recovery occurred quickly with hyperbaric therapy. Hydrogen peroxide can produce acute gas embolism. Hyperbaric therapy is the definitive treatment for gas embolism from hydrogen peroxide ingestion as it is for all other causes of acute gas embolism. This is the first case reported in the literature of hyperbaric therapy used successfully to treat cerebral gas embolism caused by hydrogen peroxide.


A theory of incomplete preferences under uncertainty is proposed, according to which a decision maker's preferences are indeterminate if and only if her confidence in the relevant beliefs does not match up to the stakes involved in the decision. We use the representation of confidence in beliefs introduced in Hill (2013), and axiomatise a class of models, differing from each other in the appropriate notion of stakes. The theory naturally suggests two distinct strategies for completing preferences, and hence for choosing in the presence of incompleteness: one that relies only on beliefs in which the decision maker is sufficiently confident, and one that mobilises all beliefs, no matter how little confidence she may have in them. Axiomatic characterisations are given for completion procedures following each of the strategies. Finally, in a market setting, the incorporation of confidence is shown to add an extra friction, beyond the standard implications of non-expected utility models for Pareto optima.


This brief presents an adaptive output feedback image-based visual servoing (IBVS) law for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle. The control objective is to regulate the relative 3-D position and yaw of the vehicle to a planar horizontal visual target consisting of multiple points. The control is implemented using a minimal number of commonly available low-cost on-board sensors including a strapdown inertial measurement unit and a monocular camera. The IBVS method relies on moment image features which are defined using a virtual camera. Output feedback introduces a filter to the control which removes the common requirement for linear velocity measurement. The method is adaptive and compensates for a constant force disturbance appearing the translational dynamics and parameter uncertainty in thrust constant, desired feature depth, and mass. Exponential stability of the outer loop and combined inner–outer closed-loop error dynamics is proven. Flight tests demonstrate the proposed method's motion control performance and its ability to compensate parametric uncertainty and reject constant force disturbances.


The recent Indiana textbook law imposed a serious task upon the State Board of Education, in requiring that body to adopt uniform text books for secondary schools. Experience with uniform textbooks in the elementary schools of the State had demonstrated the grave difficulty in fitting a single textbook to the widely vary ing needs of different types of school communities. It was with some misgivings that educational leaders faced the problem of adapting single texts to the high schools. The State Board did credit to its own judgement by calling into its counsel for the eight principal sub jects, a series of advisory committees composed of experienced high school and college teachers. To the teachers on these com mittees, individually and collectively, fell the task of examining in detail the books submitted by the publishers. Their recommenda tions, made jointly and severally, formed the basis of selection and adoption by the Board. To the credit of the State Board be it said that the reports of the committees and teachers Avere followed con sistently throughout. In the case of the advisory committee on History and Civics, it went a step beyond its instructions and indicated first preference in every field. This was done because the committee felt there was an appreciable difference among even the "first three" books which it had been requested to name. With a single exception these books were accepted by the Board. Thus the real responsibility for selecting these books rests chiefly with the committee of seven teachers of history. It is the purpose of the writer to characterize, in a concise and helpful way, the books in History now in use in all of the high schools of the State, and to point out wrays of using them to best advantage.


The lives of the men and women who run our largest organisations- the Chief Executive Officers or CEOs, - are both public and mysterious. We know who they are, though few observers could name their immediate subordinates - the CFOs and COOs - in even the largest companies. In the case of publicly-listed and state-owned companies, we also know how much CEOs are paid, and we are periodically and very publicly reminded how large their remuneration is, and how much it has gone up - as it always seems to do - compared with that of other wage and salary earners.


Context. Quasars can be used as a complementary tool to SN Ia to probe the distribution of dark energy in the Universe by measuring the time delay of the emission line with respect to the continuum. The understanding of the Mg II emission line structure is important for cosmological application and for the black hole mass measurements of intermediate redshift quasars. Aims. Knowing the shape of Mg II line and its variability allows for identifying which part of the line should be used to measure the time delay and the black hole mass. We thus aim at determining the structure and the variability of the Mg II line, as well as the underlying Fe II pseudo-continuum. Methods. We performed five spectroscopic observations of a quasar CTS C30.10 (z = 0.9000) with the SALT telescope between December 2012 and March 2014, and we studied the variations in the spectral shape in the 2700 A−2900 A rest frame. Results. We show that the Mg II line in this source consists of two kinematic components, which makes the source representative of type B quasars. Both components were modeled well with a Lorentzian shape, and they vary in a similar way. The Fe II contribution seems to be related only to the first (blue) Mg II component. Broad band spectral fitting instead favor the use of the whole line profile. The contribution of the narrow line region to Mg II is very low, below 2%. The Mg II variability is lower than the variability of the continuum, which is consistent with the simple reprocessing scenario. The variability level of CTS C30.10 and the measurement accuracy of the line and continuum is high enough to expect that further monitoring will allow the time delay between the Mg II line and continuum to be measured.


Quantitative Analysis is a review of certain parts of the contents of medical records to find deficiencies, especially those related to the documenting of medical records. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2). The purpose of this study is to find out the implementation of the Covid-19 Isolation Room Patient Medical Record Document Review at RSU Imelda Pekerja Indonesia in 2020. The population is all patients treated in the Covid-19 Isolation Room in 2020 as many as 182 people, the study sample is all patients treated in the Covid-19 Isolation Room in October as many as 48 people. The DRM review was conducted on four variables. From the results of the study obtained that the Review of Timeliness of appropriate DRM Returns as much as 35.41%; Review of the Accuracy of Filling out DRM for the exact Opname Warrant Form (SPO) 31.25%, the appropriate IGD Assessment Form 52.08%, the right Medical Resume Form 100%, and the proper Observation Form 66.67%; DRM Readability Review for Opname Warrant Form (SPO) which reads 100%, IGD Assessment Form that reads 77.08%, Medical Resume Form that reads 100%, and Observation Form that reads 72.92%; Drm Completeness Review for Screening Form found in 68.75% of documents, Triage Form found in 77.08% documents, Internal Transfer Form found on 89.58% of documents, Discharge Planning Form found on 81.25% of documents.For General Consent Forms, Inpatient Assessments, CPPT Forms, Observation Forms, and Information and Education Forms are found in all documents that are 100%. It is recommended that the existing SPO socialization prioritizes the accuracy of filling out medical records qualitatively, not limited to the completeness of the form only.


In this article, we investigate two spanning tree problems of graphs with k given sources. Let G = (V,E,w) be an undirected graph with nonnegative edge lengths and S ⊂ V a set of k specified sources. The first problem is the k‐source maximum vertex shortest paths spanning tree (k‐MVST) problem, in which we want to find a spanning tree T such that the maximum total distance from any vertex to all sources is minimized, that is, we want to minimize maxv∈V{∑s∈SdT(s,v)}, in which dT(s,v) is the length of the path between s and v on T. The other problem is the k‐source maximum source shortest paths spanning tree (k‐MSST)problem, in which the objective function is the maximum total distance from any source to all vertices, that is, max s∈S{∑v∈VdT(s,v)}. In this article, we present a polynomial time approximation scheme (PTAS) for the 2‐MVST problem. For the 2‐MSST problem, we first give (2 +ε)‐approximation algorithm for any ε> 0, and then present a PTAS for the case that the input graphs are restricted to metric graphs. Finally, we show that there are simple 3‐approximation algorithms for both problems with arbitrary k. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 47(3), 147–156 2006


### Key points

Human factors are now integrated into everyday anaesthetic practice, as a result of the work performed over a decade ago looking at anaesthetists non-technical skills (ANTS).1 Much of this work was performed after key publications in the USA2 and the UK3 highlighting that human error and system design was responsible for patient harm. Subsequent high profile cases relevant to anaesthesia4,5 have brought to light where human factors failures have led to patient death. In 2010, the Royal College of Anaesthetists dedicated the entire Anniversary Meeting to Human Factors and published a supplement to the British Journal of Anaesthesia . Some of the human factors related to the trauma team are listed in Table 1.

View this table:

Table 1
Typical human factors relevant to the trauma team

The 2007 report 'Trauma: Who Cares?'6 highlighted the deficiencies in the delivery of trauma care in the UK, some of which resulted from failures in decision-making, communication, and team-work. Following on from this report, there has been the development of trauma centre networks around the country and a perceived improvement in trauma care delivery. The UK Defence Medical Services (UK-DMS) have attributed much of the success of their trauma care in Afghanistan to exemplary human factors,7 particularly in the organization, briefing, and co-ordination of the trauma team.8 This article will focus on a typical complex civilian trauma …


that the thresholding is performed at each subband in Abstract Images must be clear and noise free, in order to achieve better accuracy in classification results of brain tumor from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). But in the process of collection of medical images, the picture gets noisy, inadvertently. Deletion of noise from images is known as wavelet shrinkage or thresholding. In this work, an ingenious and compatible method is proposed for the valuation of thresholding parameters, hinge on the information of wavelet coefficients. For the better illustration of the process brain MRI was introduced with Gaussian noise at the different level of variances and then denoised using Wavelet Transform with coding in MATLAB. The same procedure was repeated to denoise three brain MR Images with the brain tumor. Proposed method helps in embellished off the edge and texture details of the images. The image quality of brain MR images is assessed in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Experimental results represent that this method attain preferable denoised image with improved PSNR.


Three evolutions of tribological system are proposed. An exploration is made to model friction and wear processes mathematically based on the balance equation of entropy. Various phenomena in tribological procedure are characterized by entropy production and their physical dimensions of the factors are discussed. The primary researches show that a tribo-system can be classified by the tensors of the thermodynamic forces. The entropy production of the sub-processes, i.e., heat transfer, elastic and plastic deformation, phase change and tribo-chemical reactions can be calculated. The effects of material flow (wear), energy flow (heat transfer), failure of materials, absorption, adsorption in friction and wear processes on the change of entropy are discussed. The introduction of non-equilibrium thermodynamics in tribology studies provides an assistance in system analysis and a frame for modeling quantitatively.


As of today, the problem of the lack of non-destructive methods for assessing the state and determining the residual life of the insulation of electrical cables is relevant for cable lines in operation, and especially for lines that have exhausted their service life. The research presented in the framework of this article is aimed at creating a non-destructive technique for assessing the state and residual life of electrical cables insulation. The study was carried out using computer simulation methods and using the basic theoretical laws of physics and electrical engineering. A method for assessing the condition and residual life of electrical cable insulation has been developed, which is based on the analysis of the discharge time of the cable capacity. The applicability of the method is determined, instructions are given on its applicability and the analysis of the output data. The obtained results can be used by power grid companies and industrial enterprises to analyze the state of the insulation of electrical cables.


This demo presents design, implementation, and performance analysis of an IEEE 802.11ah (HaLow) dongle that provides license-exempt sub-1 GHz wireless RF channel, and USB (universal serial bus) interface for power supply and wired data link for easy Internet of Things (IoT) wireless networking. The presented HaLow dongle is implemented using TI CC1352P1 sub-1GHz smart RF chipset that can provide 50Kbps ∼ 4Mbps in 10m ∼ 1 Km distance range. It provides merits of i) flexible Tx rate/power adjustments and channel selection with minimized interference to maximize throughput for massive IoT devices, ii) user-friendly API (application programming interface) for raw-socket-based easy application implementations for various IoT services, and iii) simplified installation using USB interface for both data exchange and power supply. This demo presents the details of the IEEE 802.11ah (HaLow) dongle, and its performance analysis results in practical environments.


Process for the manufacture of edible foods with an outer shell (1) of a mass which is introduced into a mold chamber (4) of a mold (3), which is then immersed a mild punch (5, 5.1 ) with a piercing surface (6), in which case protrudes excess mass (15) over the rim of the mold (7, 7.1), characterized in that, to immerse the piercer (5, 5.1) in the mold chamber (4 ) excess mass (15) is pressed and pushed over the edge of the mold and separated from the shell (1) over the mold (7, 7.1) by a punch (5, 5.1) and a piercing surface ( 6) formed in the shell that is directed from the edge (9) of the punch (5, 5.1) into the mold, transferred by the oblique surface to the oblique form an edge area of the shell (1).


The invention provides a floating type connector, comprising a mobile base (20), a fixed base (10) for loading the mobile base (20) in a mobile way and a socket connecting member (30), wherein the socket connecting member (30) performs elastic deformation while penetrating the fixed base (10) and the mobile base (20) to move the mobile base (20) relative to the fixed base (10); the mobile base (20) is kept and loaded on the fixed base (10) by utilizing a moving scope restriction accepting part (12d) and a moving scope restriction extruding part (23) which allow the mobile base (20) to move on a plane perpendicular to a direction in which the mobile base is embedded with a pin connector and restrict the mobile base (20) from exceeding a prescribed amount of movement in an embedment direction.


Aiming at problems of low efficiency and high overhead of control packets in the existing multicast routing protocols for ad hoc networks,a novel multicast routing protocol for Ad Hoc networks called DRMR(Dynamic Ring based Multicast Routing) protocol was designed and realized.The implemented framework of DRMR was established and the function modules were defined.In DRMR,the multicast routing is carried out through establishing and maintaining the connected ring graph which is constructed from dynamic broadcast rings held by each member group.When the group member broadcast departs from the connected ring graph,the connectivity can be recovered by gradually extend the radius of broadcasting.Simulation results show that DRMR has a high data packet delivery ratio and low routing maintenance cost,and its total control overhead is reduced more compared with the multicast routing protocols based on requirements.It can meet the requirements of the multicast applications in ad hoc networks.The results of this study have practical reference significance for Ad Hoc network reserchers.


A qualitative comparison between a piezoelectric vibration absorber and a constrained layer damping treatment is presented. Piezoelectric materials convert mechanical strains into electrical charge. Dissipation of the charge results in attenuation of vibration. The damping is concentrated to a single mode by constructing a piezoelectric absorber. The damped vibration absorber is comprised of the piezoelectric material and a passive electronic shunt. Previous research has applied the piezoelectric absorber to one-dimensional structures. This paper applies the absorber to a two-dimensional planar problem. The simple mathematical description of the absorber is modified for the two-dimensional problem. An analytical means of estimating the effectiveness of the piezoelectric absorber is derived. The effectiveness is estimated for an electronics chassis box subjected to random excitation. A typical constrained layer damping treatment is also analytically designed for the problem. The piezoelectric absorber and the constrained layer damping treatment are experimentally applied to identical boxes. Results show that the piezoelectric absorber can provide vibration suppression comparable to that obtained by the constrained layer damping treatment.


in the two twentieth-century world wars is really tangential as far as the evolution of Commonwealth relationships is concerned, even those involving imperial defense, especially between 1917 and 1941. But this is a matter of emphasis and in no way detracts from the underlying merits of the book: a clearly defined conceptual framework within which the principal themes are ably developed, the whole resting on a sound grasp of the relevant literature.


Objective To find out the inhibition effect of erbB-3 binding protein ebp1 on oral squamous cell carcinoma Tca 8113 cell lines in vitro. Methods To select both erbB-2 and erbB-3 positive cell lines by immunohistochemical staining. Different concentrations of ebp1 expression vectors pcDNA3.1-ebp1 were transfected into Tca 8113 cells under the control of plasmid vector pcDNA3.1. Transfected cells were selected by G418 for 4 weeks, and got ebp1 stable expressed cell lines. The transcription of ebp1 was validated with RT-PCR.We identified the effect of ebp1 on Tca 8113 cells by detecting the cell growth curve, 3H-TdR incorporation assay and clong formation assay. Results Both erbB-2 and erbB-3 were positive in Tca 8113 cells. In vitro tests showed that the transfected cells grew slowly and the growth curve was flat. 3H-TdR incorporation assay showed that the proliferation of Tca 8113-ebp1 cells were significantly decreased. Colony formation assay indicated that the colony formation ability of Tca 8113-ebp1 cells was inhibited. Conclusion ebp1 can effectively inhibit the growth and proliferation of Tca 8113 cells in vitro.


Delivered at the Annual Lecture organised by the Nigerian Library Association, Ekiti State Chapter on Tuesday, December 23, 2008 at the Conference Hall, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti.


The present invention uses the cleaning device (14), movable to a method of cleaning at least one surface of the component (10) (12), the components of the surface (12) of the positioning device (16) is cleaned by the cleaning head (18), said cleaning head (18) gives the contact pressure to the component (10). Positioning device (16) includes a coarse positioning system (20) and a fine positioning system (22), the cleaning head (18), at least one direction of movement (24,26,28,30,32,34) It is moved to suppress the force by precision positioning system (22). The present invention also relates to a cleaning device for carrying out the method of the present invention.


Plate models reconstructing Southeast Asia through the Cenozoic can be divided into two groups: Indochina extrusion models and slab-pull models. In extrusion models, the opening of the South China Sea is accommodated by strike-slip motion along the Red River Fault, while slab-pull models employ a southward subducting proto-China Sea and minor motion on the Red River Fault. We compare crustal stretching values calculated from 2D gravity models for offshore Vietnam and south-eastern China with values implied by representative plate models. These constraints, when combined with other geological evidence reveal that the opening of the South China Sea requires the presence of a southward subducting proto-South China Sea. Purely strike-slip extrusion models do not result in the E-W extension required to form sedimentary basins offshore of central Vietnam, as their entirely pull-apart origin is unsupported. One proposed solution is to implement significant extension (about 130 km) across the Red River Fault in onshore northern Vietnam (e.g. Briais et al., 1993), in addition to about 550 km of strike-slip motion on the same fault. However, this solution causes approximately 400 km E-W extension offshore Vietnam since 30 Ma, while our 2D models reveal that only 180 km of E-W extension associated with the opening of the South China Sea. In order to match the calculated 180 km E-W extension we have incorporated into our plate model: Red River strike-slip displacement of 170 km (calculated at the coast of the Beibu Gulf); 50% less Red River extension than the amount proposed by Briais et al. * GETECH


Spatial Cognition is concerned with the acquisition, development, representation, organization, and use of knowledge about spatial objects in real, virtual or hybrid environments and processed by human or artificial agents.
Spatial Cognition includes research from different fields insofar as they are concerned with cognitive agents and space, such as cognitive and developmental psychology, linguistics, computer science, geography, cartography, philosophy, neuroscience, and education. Research issues in the field range from the investigation of human spatial cognition to mobile robot navigation, including topics such as wayfinding, spatial planning, spatial learning, internal and external representations of space, and communication of spatial information.
SC 2020/1 brings together researchers working on spatial cognition from all of these perspectives.
Initial conference was scheduled August 2020; this is the postponed version of it.
More information: https://sc2020.lu.lv/


For the fourth grade teachers and students to add to their learning on the Survival Unit in Open Court. Periodicals for the Survival Unit


We prove the existence of global solutions to the semilinear stochastic heat equation on an unbounded spatial domain with forcing terms that grow superlinearly and satisfy an Osgood condition ∫ 1/|f(u)|du = +∞ along with additional restrictions. For example, consider the forcing f(u) = u log(e + |u|) log(log(e + |u|)). A new dynamic weighting procedure is introduced to control these unbounded solutions.


Background Postsystolic shortening (PSS) has been proposed as a novel marker of contractile dysfunction in the myocardium. Our objective was to assess the prognostic potential of PSS on cardiovascular events and death in the general population. Methods and Results The study design consisted of a prospective cohort study of 1296 low‐risk participants from the general population, who were examined by speckle tracking echocardiography. The primary end point was the composite of heart failure, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death, defined as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). The secondary end point was all‐cause death. The postsystolic index (PSI) was defined as follows: [(maximum strain in cardiac cycle−peak systolic strain)/(maximum strain in cardiac cycle)]×100. PSS was regarded as present if PSI >20%. During a median follow‐up of 11 years, 149 participants (12%) were diagnosed as having MACEs and 236 participants (18%) died. Increasing number of walls with PSS predicted both end points, an association that persisted after adjustment for age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, global longitudinal strain, hypertension, heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, LV mass index, pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, previous ischemic heart disease, systolic blood pressure, average peak early diastolic longitudinal mitral annular velocity (e′), ratio between peak transmitral early and late diastolic inflow velocity (E/A), and left atrial volume index: MACEs (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.67; P=0.006 per 1 increase in walls displaying PSS) and death (hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.57; P=0.006 per 1 increase in walls displaying PSS). The strongest predictor of end points was ≥2 walls exhibiting PSS. The PSI also predicted increased risk of the end points, and the associations remained significant in multivariable models: MACEs (per 1% increase in PSI: hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.36; P=0.024) and death (per 1% increase in PSI: hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.33; P=0.005). Conclusions Presence of PSS in the general population provides independent and long‐term prognostic information on the occurrence of MACEs and death.


The [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of phosphaacetylene with diazomethane was investigated by means of high level ab initio calculations. It was deduced that the aromatic diazaphosphole is formed via a nonaromatic intermediate. The regiospecificity of the reaction is thus determined by the energy difference between the two transition states that lead to the two possible regioisomeric intermediates. Of the transition states in the concerted pathways, the one leading to the regioisomer with two PC bonds (3) was found to be more stable at all the levels of theory investigated, including coupled‐cluster singles doubles (CCSD)(T)/6‐311 + G*//Møller‐Plessett(MP)2/6‐311 + G* (+ basis set superposition, BSSE, correction). The energy difference between the two transition states, however, is always less than 2 kcal/mol. When the free energies in the two reactions are calculated by use of the harmonic frequencies, the energy separation between the two transition structures remains practically unchanged. The free energy of activation ΔG† was 21 kcal/mol at the CCSD(T)/6‐311 + G* level of theory and use of the MP2/6‐31 + G* frequencies. At the MP2 level, a rather stable complex is obtained in the initial phase of the reaction. However, the stability of the complexes decreases at the CCSD(T) level, and application of the BSSE correction results in unstable complexes. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Magnesium (Mg) and aluminum (Al) co-doped zinc oxide (MAZO) thin films were synthesized on glass substrate by sol-gel spin coating method. MAZO thin films were prepared at different coating layers range from 1 to 9. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the topography of the thin films. According to the AFM results, Root Means Square (RMS) of MAZO thin films was increased from 0.747 to 6.545 nm, with increase of number coating layer from 1 to 9, respectively. The results shown the variation on structural and topography properties of MAZO seed film when it's deposited at different coating layers on glass substrate. The optical properties was analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The obtained results show that the transmittance spectra was increased as thin films coating layer increases.


– This paper presents applied physical proto results as a proof of technical concept of the patent: " Specific Lens design for Automotive Headlamps" (European Patent Office, Specific Lens design for Automotive Headlamps: European Patent Office, The Hague PCT/TR2020/051125; 11/2021). It includes the base explanations of bending/cornering lights features; the relevant European regulations; and then proposes the new idea with defined new optomechanical targets. It gets deeper with design of the new non-uniform surface lens in five different versions for which the patent is applied on version 5 and it continues with physical proto construction of the complete LED Module; assembly of the module in the automotive headlights; making the new module functional in the headlamp and finally giving the applied physical results with a night drive test.


Class II hydrophobins produced by Ascomycetes exhibit interesting properties as surface active proteins, they are capable of changing the hydropathy of a surface or to behave as an emulsifier due to their globular structure. They are currently known as one the main causes for primary gushing in carbonated beverages by their ability to interact strongly with CO2 molecules forming nanobubbles. To extend the scope of possibilities for hydrophobin applications four different class II hydrophobins were studied and compared for their ability to adhere to surfaces, their surface tension acitivity and ability to interact with CO2 molecules. By using Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, water contact angle, gushing potential and computer modelization, it is attempted to understand how small differences in their structures and amino acid sequences can lead to differences in physicochemical properties and behavior.


Intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction (IMDA) precursors are easily available starting from addition of ester functionalized zinc-copper reagents to cyclohexadienyl- and cycloheptadienylirontricarbonyl cation salts. The resulting cyclic 1,3-dienes containing an α,β-unsaturated ester functionality underwent smoothly IMDA reaction to afford bridged tricyclic compounds. Bridged heterotricyclic skeletons were also available via IMDA reaction of cyclic 1,3-dienes bearing an imine or aldehyde functionality.


Background: The aim of this study was to introduce a coaxial-robotic single-site myomectomy (C-RSSM) technique to compensate for the shortcomings of robotic single-site myomectomy (RSSM) using semi-rigid instruments and to compare the surgical outcomes of C-RSSM and RSSM. Methods: The medical records of 13 consecutive women who had undergone C-RSSM and 131 consecutive women who had undergone RSSM were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics and surgical outcomes after propensity score matching were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results: According to the propensity score matching results, the C-RSSM group had a lower estimated blood loss (75.0 vs. 210.5 mL, p = 0.001) and a shorter operating time (101.0 vs. 146.1 min, p = 0.008) relative to the RSSM group. In RSSM, there was one case of conversion to conventional laparoscopy and four cases of conversion to the multi-site robotic approach. There was no case of conversion from C-RSSM to conventional laparoscopy or the multi-site robotic approach. Conclusions: C-RSSM was found to be associated with shorter operative time and lower estimated blood loss. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm these advantages.


This article analyzes two sonnets by the Brazilian contemporary poet Glauco Mattoso. The selected poems belong to the two phases of his work: from the Visual Phase, we will analyze Bilacamonia, published in Jornal DOBRABIL (2001); and from the Blind Phase, the Soneto Bocagico-Camonico, published in Paulisseia ilhada: sonetos topicos (1999a). The oeuvre of Glauco Mattoso builds a link that leads the reader to different poetic traditions and periods, such as the Classicism (Luiz Vaz de Camoes), Neoclassicism (Manuel Maria du Bocage) and Parnassianism (Olavo Bilac). The analysis will be performed comparatively, aiming to describe the procedures used by Glauco Mattoso to re-elaborate canonical poems in his sonnets. The works of A. C. Danto (2006), on appropriation, Linda Hutcheon (1991), on post-modernism, and Marjorie Perloff (1993), on collage, are theoretical references of this debate. Glauco Mattoso's writings behave as a kind of kaleidoscopic mix of various elements of the Portuguese poetic tradition and put them in motion when producing sonnets of explicit intertextual character, building a network of dialogues between periods and poets.


Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 18 have been previously reported in many patients. Most cases involve the more distal regions of the long arm (18q21.1‐>qter). However, proximal interstitial deletions involving 18q11.2 are extremely rare. Here we report on a 14‐month‐old female with a 4.7 Mb (19,667,062–24,401,876 hg19) de novo interstitial deletion within chromosomal band 18q11.2, which includes GATA6 and 24 other RefSeq genes. The clinical features of our patient include complex congenital heart defects, a double outlet right ventricle, a subaortic ventricular septal defect, D‐malposed great arteries, an atrial septal defect, a dysplastic aortic valve and patent ductus arteriosus. In addition, she had renal anomalies—a duplicated collecting system on the left and mild right hydronephrosis. These heart and renal defects are not reported in other patients with 18q proximal interstitial deletions. Heterozygous point mutations in GATA6, encoding for a zinc finger transcription factor, have been shown to cause congenital heart defects. Given the well‐established biological role of GATA6 in cardiac development, a deletion of GATA6 is very likely responsible for our patient's complex congenital heart defects. This is the smallest and most proximal 18q11.2 deletion involving GATA6 that is associated with complex congenital heart disease and renal anomalies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Aminopeptidase when in its integral form interacts with lecithin to form a stable lipoprotein complex. The reconstituted system is a single-bilayer vesicle about 30 nm in diameter. The hydrophobic part of the amphipathic hydrolase is incorporated in the lecithin bilayer with the portion carrying enzymic activity oriented towards the external aqueous phase. This part can be detached by proteases.


Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting compound that can enter aquatic systems through landfill leachate or wastewater effluent. Although impacts of BPA on vertebrates are well documented, its effects on invertebrates are less clear. Amphipods such as Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Bousfield, 1958 are often prevalent invertebrates in freshwater ecosystems and can provide a powerful invertebrate model system to investigate the endocrine-disruptive capabilities of BPA. However, techniques to assay hormone concentrations in amphipods, especially vertebrate-like steroid sex hormones, are not widespread. In this study, we (i) quantified estrogen concentrations in juveniles and in adult female amphipods; (ii) quantified testosterone concentrations in juveniles and in adult male amphipods; and (iii) delineated changes to estrogen and testosterone concentrations of adults and juveniles following a 9-day exposure to BPA at four levels: 0 (control), 10, 50, and 100 µg/L BPA. Tissue extracts from homogenized samples ...


The article concentrates on the motif of the lack of freedom, which is crucial for many Steven Kings novels and short stories. On the whole, the concept in question reflects the way the notion of freedom is perceived within American worldview. In Kings oeuvre the concept may externalize itself as a lack of freedom in the legal sense / caused by illegal actions of others / natural conditions / fictional circumstances; it may be objective or subjective, gender-marked or voluntary, its conceptual space varies itself from the boundaries of a haunted housing to the illusory trap of ones soul.


Horizontal density changes in the sea have the potential to drive extreme bottom currents. The focus in this paper is on sill overflows of Atlantic water from the Norwegian Trench into Fensfjorden in Western Norway. Fensfjorden is used for routing pipelines to the oil terminal at Mongstad. The paper describes the total study program that was carried out over the past years and outlines the challenges met in establishing a bottom current data basis for pipeline design and integrity management applications. The work included a study of large scale oceanographic and meteorological conditions believed to influence the actual area, field measurements and a thorough evaluation of the current and density data describing the flow system in the fjord and finally an advanced laboratory testing program in a rotating (Coriolis) basin. A theoretical model was set up connecting large scale ocean dynamics and extreme events of bottom current inflows. The model was tested and confirmed as a valid extreme event forecast model. The model is believed to be of considerable value for a variety of future purposes along the actual part of Fensfjorden. The total work is believed to be relevant for similar coastal locations around the globe. .


Atmospheric gases such as Oxygen and water vapour attenuation has become a major concern
on earth-space path at higher frequencies both uplink and down link at 0.01% unavailability of
an average year. Moreover, few studies of non-rainy attenuation have been reported and the
statistical analysis is still not clear most especially in West Africa. The meteorological data used
in this study is obtained from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) satellites between 2002 and
2009, while the International Telecommunication Union Radio Propagation Recommendation
(ITU-RP 676) model is used to validate and estimate gaseous attenuation for West Africa. The
results show on contour map that total atmospheric absorption signal fade attenuation values at C
band is between 0.015 to 0.09 dB, Ku band is 0.04 to 0.9 dB, Ka band is 0.04 to 1.4 dB and V
band is 0.2 to 3.2 dB respectively for both uplink and downlink frequencies. The results also
show consistent increase in attenuation due to gases are higher in the western region than in the
southern part of West Africa.


Before the apartheid‐induced imposition of sanctions beginning in the 1960s, Canada's ties with South Africa were closer and more complex than with any other nation on the African continent. William Dobell looks at the renewal of relations in the post‐apartheid era to determine whether South Africa has once again come to occupy the position of Canada's primary partner on the continent. The resumption of political, economic and cultural interchange has indeed fostered closer links between the two countries than those between Canada and other African nations, he notes, but this may have more to do with the weakness of Canadian ties to Africa than with the strength and vitality of its burgeoning relations with the new regime. Dobell examines the factors which may hinder or enhance the development of the ties that do exist and what benefits there may be for both nations in the pursuit of closer relations.


Document on Standards for Acquisition, Measurement and reporting of Intravascular Ultrasound Studies clearly defines lesion and reference segment borders. Proximal or distal reference sites are defined as the site with the largest lumen proximal or distal to a stenosis but within the same segment (usually within 10 mm of the stenosis but with no major intervening branches), which may not be the site with the least plaque. Vessel size is determined by the area surrounded by the external elastic membrane, which in most cases can be easily identified by intravascular ultrasound. Nevertheless, this consensus document does not provide quantitative measures to define a small coronary artery. In this issue Briguori et al. report on the discrepancy in reference vessel dimensions, measured by intravascular ultrasound and quantitative coronary angiography, for small ( 2·75 mm angiographic diameter) or larger coronary vessels (>2·75 mm angiographic diameter). It is remarkable that 96% of the evaluated cases in the smaller vessel group and 80% in the larger vessel group showed a minimum difference of 0·5 mm between angiographic and intravascular ultrasound results. These percentages are reduced to 71% in the smaller vessel group and to 49% in the larger vessel group, if the threshold is increased to 1·0 mm difference between angiographic and intravascular ultrasound images. Proximal or middle lesion site, female sex and lesion length were identified as predictors for this large discrepancy. The results additionally showed that this mismatch is more pronounced in angiographically smaller vessels which were frequently identified by intravascular ultrasound as larger vessels with a high plaque burden. This message is well taken. The clinical implications of these findings are directed towards the use of larger balloon sizes or higher balloon to artery ratios. This strategy has been followed in the past. The authors came to the conclusion that in about 70% of lesions a balloon to artery ratio of 1·4 is appropriate. This strategy appears quite aggressive and needs additional support before it can be safely applied in general clinical practice without increased complication rates (dissections, perforations). The authors state that with the use of intravascular ultrasound to guide balloon sizes, this aggressive strategy can be safely performed in small coronary arteries. This idea of balloon sizing by intravascular ultrasound was originally proclaimed by Stone et al.. Data from prospective randomized See page 247, doi:10.1053/euhj.2001.2730 for the article to which this Editorial refers


Precipitation in any form—such as rain, snow, and hail—can affect day-to-day outdoor activities. Rainfall prediction is one of the challenging tasks in weather forecasting process. Accurate rainfall prediction is now more difficult than before due to the extreme climate variations. Machine learning techniques can predict rainfall by extracting hidden patterns from historical weather data. Selection of an appropriate classification technique for prediction is a difficult job. In this research work, Gain Ratio and Differential Evolution hybridized for choosing the most relevant features. Once, the suitable features subset is obtained, the classification algorithm called Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and other classifiers are adopted, that could classify the info in the manner that is effective the selected features.


The leading phase of eutectic materials has an effect on the solidification behavior and further influences on their properties. Many studies have been carried out on the leading phase of metal/metal and nonmetal/metal eutectic alloys. Nevertheless, few studies were focused on no-metal/no-metal eutectic materials. In the present work, the leading phase in the Al 2 O 3 /Y 3 Al 5 O 12 eutectic crystal during solidification was investigated by electron back-scattered diffraction and discussed according to the classical solidification theory. It is observed that the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 was the leading phase. The leading phase was determined by the wetting angle and the undercooling. At a given wetting angle, the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 would be the leading phase when the undercooling exceeds the critical value.


A generalized scheme to enhance the sensitivity in the measurement of phase difference in an optical interference by measuring the phase of the resultant field is presented. In the proposed scheme, the weak measurement in scalar optical interferometry is achieved by directly accessing the phase of the output state, rather than looking at the centroid shift in the intensity. The spatial confinement or beam-like characteristics for the optical field, an essential criterion for centroid calculation, is not a requirement for the scheme. The ability to uniquely sense and distinguish contributions to the phase difference from individual optical fields; an aspect with potential to improve the measurement accuracy in optical gyroscopes and gravitational wave sensing, is also presented.


Radio-tracking was useed to dertermine the foraging behaviour and habitat use of the serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus, at two roosts in southren England. The basts communted an average of 6.5 km to and from distinct foraging sites and used up ot five sites per night. Serotine foraged in a wide range of habitats and were able to locate and exploit temporary feeding site such as recently mown grass. They foraged regulary arround white streelamps and in alte summer over cattle pasture on which fresh dung was present. Reproductively active females were strongly philopatric to their day-roost. In contrast, reproductively inactive females, from the same roosts. moved to new day-roosts up to 10 km from the site of capture. Serotines used thre distinct foraging strategies, short filight, ground feeding, and, predominantly, aerial hawking. Foraging bouts were interpresed with resting phases, with individuals roosting alone on walls of houses or in trees close to foraging sites. It is concluded that serotines are well adapted to an anthropogenic envioronment. They are strongly philopartric to roosts in human habitations, in close proximity to a range of feeding sites wehre they can take advantage of favourarble land amangement practices.


: Benign diseases of the mammary glands, being a "mirror" of the hormonal background of a woman, create an unfavorable background for the development of breast cancer. A link has been established between the development of breast cancer and low blood levels of vitamin D in women. Given the above, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of vitamin D and the relationship with benign breast diseases. 111 women were examined, with the study of risk factors, with the determination of quantitative 25-OH vitamin D in blood serum and ultrasound examination of the mammary glands. All women were divided into two groups: group 1 - 78 women of reproductive age (22-49 years), group 2 - 33 women of menopausal age (50 years and older). The average age of group 1 was 37.8 years, group 2 - 54.9 years. 98.7% of women of reproductive age and 98% of postmenopausal women had vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. The frequency of mastopathy according to ultrasound diagnostics was 61.5% in group 1 and 24.2% in group 2. In the group of women of reproductive age, benign diseases of the mammary glands were three times more common than in the group of older women, apparently, this is due to the presence of a hyper estrogen state. There are a lot of risk factors for the development of dyshormonal diseases of the mammary glands, vitamin D deficiency is one of them.


Purpose: Previous literature is unclear on the dose response relationship between resistance training (RT) volume and skeletal muscle adaptations when weekly sets exceed 10-12. The present study compared the effects of various weekly RT volume on skeletal muscle thickness and strength in young RT trained males over 6 weeks.

Methods: RT trained young (aged 18-21) males (n=21) were randomly allocated to a low (LOW, n=7) moderate (MOD,n=7) or high (HIGH,n=7) group. Participants undertook RT of the biceps over a 6- week period. LOW performed 1 RT session per week consisting of 9 sets (9 weekly sets), MOD performed 2 RT sessions per week consisting of 9 sets (18 weekly sets), HIGH performed 2 RT sessions per week consisting of 14 and 13 sets (27 weekly sets). All participants consumed 40g whey protein post RT session, whilst recording dietary intake and external RT volume throughout the 6-week period. Pre and Post training period assessments of muscle thickness (MT; Ultrasound), isometric maximal voluntary contraction and one repetition maximum strength was completed by all groups. Data was analysed using a mixed design ANOVA to examine within and between group pre-post changes.

Results: MT significantly increased pre-post in LOW (9.3 ± 5.5%, p<.001) and MOD (14.3 ± 10.4%, p<.001) but not in HIGH (5.59 ± 4.0%, p=.054). All groups experienced significant increases in 1RM strength but no significant increase in isometric strength. There were no significant differences between groups for MT, 1RM and isometric strength.

Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that moderate and high weekly RT volumes, performed twice per week, provide minimal further benefit to skeletal muscle adaptations over lower weekly RT volumes performed once per week for 6 weeks.


In this paper, we introduce a new type of curvature tensor named H-curvature tensor of type (1, 3) which is a linear combination of conformal and projective curvature tensors. First we deduce some basic geometric properties of H-curvature tensor. It is shown that a H-flat Lorentzian manifold is an almost product manifold. Then we study pseudo H-symmetric manifolds (PHS)n (n > 3) which recovers some known structures on Lorentzian manifolds. Also, we provide several interesting results. Among others, we prove that if an Einstein (PHS)n is a pseudosymmetric (PS)n, then the scalar curvature of the manifold vanishes and conversely. Moreover, we deal with pseudoH-symmetric perfect fluid spacetimes and obtain several interesting results. Also, we present some results of the spacetime satisfying divergence freeH-curvature tensor. Finally, we construct a non-trivial Lorentzian metric of (PHS)4.


Ecological Footprint (EF) analysis is the spatial measurement of ecological load exerted by the humans on the earth that arises from the concept of sustainability and sustainable use of Earth's resources. A region-based EF study is conducted for Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra (India) campus to improve its sustainability. Highlight of the study is the explicitness of the methodology for determining the EF that incorporates analysis derived from conversion factors mentioned in the Ecological Footprint consultancy publications along with inputs from GIS domain. Questionnaire-based survey from the respondents regarding resource utilization and geospatial enumeration of land use land cover that harbors the population and their resources are the two integral parts of the analysis. Total EF of the institution campus is calculated to be 0.645 gha/ individual. This analysis provides a strong framework for combining efforts in a manner that can communicate the immediate priorities for improving the sustainability strategy of the campus area.


The technique of panel painting played a particularly significant role in Italian art, especially between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries, before canvas came into general use. The conservation of panel paintings, however, is complex and largely depends on the original materials and techniques used to create the support and the many layers of preparation for painting. The state of conservation is influenced also by the history of stress/deformation that the painting has undergone and the microclimatic conditions in which it is exposed. The large thermo-hygrometric variation induces changes in the structure of the wood and can create cracks even for the gypsum which is more rigid than the wood and can develop dangerous detachments. Recently, a low-cost, portable test system for the measurement of detachments between layers of architectural coatings, called PICUS, inspired by the method used by restorers during diagnosis and conservation interventions, has been successfully developed. The same system was then tested to acquire information about the execution technique, the state of conservation and previous interventions of stratified structures such as paintings on wood.


Cartographic cultural heritage preserved in worldwid e archives is often stored in the original paper ve rsion only, thus restricting both the chances of utilization and the range of possibl e users. The Web C.A.R.T.E. system addressed this iss ue with regard to the precious cadastral maps preserved at the State Arch ive of Como. Aim of the project was to improve the v isibility and accessibility of this heritage using the latest free and open source tools for processing, cataloguing and web publishi ng the maps. The resulting architecture should therefore assist the State Arch ive of Como in managing its cartographic contents. After a pre-processing consisting of digitization and georeferencing steps , maps were provided with metadata, compiled according to the current Italian standards and managed through an ad hoc version of the GeoNetwork Opensource geocatalog software. A dedicated MapFish-based webGIS client, with an optimized version also for m obile platforms, was built for maps publication and 2D navigation. A module for 3D visualization of cadastral maps was finally deve loped using the NASA World Wind Virtual Globe. Thanks to a temporal slidebar, time was also included in the system producing a 4D Graphical User Interface. The overall architecture was totally built with free and open source software and allows a direct and in tuitive consultation of historical maps. Besides the notable advantage of keeping original paper maps intact, the system greatly simp lifies the work of the State Archive of Como common users and together widens the same range of users thanks to the modernization of map consultation tools.


Employment plays a vital role in any economy. The employment rate of the persons with disabilities is significantly low when compared to non-disabled individuals. Disability is defined as the existence of physical and attitudinal barriers created by the society that hinder people with disabilities from fully participating in their day-today life according to the interactive model. Sri Lankans with disabilities have suffered high rates of unemployment due to organizational ill practices towards them while state's current legal context, and the administrative policies are playing a crucial role in the prolonged and substantial difference in employment rates between persons with disabilities and their non-disabled counterparts. Hence, this qualitative study which is purely based on desk review methodology explores the legal and policy barriers for employment of Sri Lankans with disabilities covering barriers affecting the organizational practices relating to the human resources practices and workplace accommodations. It is recommended that the laws and policies must be revised and reviewed with a thorough understanding of the inclusion of disabilities regarding employment of persons with disabilities and arranging reasonable accommodation for them.
Keywords: Employment, Legal and Policy Barriers, Organizational Practices, Sri Lankans with Disabilities


The resource was developed through a partnership between community and government support agencies to support engagement of parents as educators of their children.


Samples of Lower to middle Cretaceous rocks from ODP Sites 638, 640, and 641, drilled on the Galicia continental margin in the northeast Atlantic, have been investigated by organic geochemical methods (i.e., organic carbon determi nation, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, kerogen microscopy, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) to define the Organofacies types and the depositional environments of these sediments. The results of this study fit well into the general picture drawn for the depositional history of the organic matter in Cretaceous organic-carbon-rich sedi ments in the North Atlantic from previous DSDP investigations. During the Valanginian to Albian, terrigenous organic carbon dominated the organic matter deposited on the Gali cia continental margin. Cyclic changes in total organic carbon content were probably controlled by climatic-triggered changes in the supply of terrigenous organic matter from the nearby continent. A drastic change in depositional envi ronment must have occurred near the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary. The preservation of large amounts of marine organic carbon in these sediments was probably caused by anoxic deep-water conditions during that time, rather than high productivity. All of the primary organic matter of the sediment samples investigated is thermally immature, as indicated by very low vitrinite reflectance values. I N T R O D U C T I O N During Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 103, a transect of sites was drilled on the Galicia continental margin off Portu gal in the northeastern Atlantic. A major objective of this leg was to extend the results of Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 47B, Site 398 (Fig. 1; Sibuet, Ryan, et al . , 1979), by coring a continuous record of Lower Cretaceous to Upper Jurassic syn rift and possibly pre-rift sediments and the top of the underly ing basement (Shipboard Scientific Party, 1987a, 1987b, 1987c). This study concentrates on the organic matter from middle and Lower Cretaceous sediments at Sites 638, 640, and 641 (Fig. 1 and Table 1). To determine Organofacies types as indicators for depositional environments, 25 samples were collected for de tailed investigations of geochemistry and petrography of the or ganic matter.