The paper discusses some aspects of the unification of the rules of civil and administrative procedure following the example of the rules on refusal to accept a statement. From the doctrinal point of view, the problem of the relationship of these norms with the tasks and basic initial principles of the civil process is investigated. Court practice on the refusal to accept the application due to the lack of jurisdiction of the case is analyzed. Within the framework of the topic under the study, some provisions of the draft law of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the agrarian and industrial complex of the Russian Federation, the CAS of the Russian Federation are assessed. The author makes suggestions, the implementation of which will increase the effectiveness of judicial protection of interested persons, will ensure the availability of justice in civil and administrative cases and will contribute to procedural economy.


The CT findings of 42 cases of intrahepatic bile duct dilation with clonorchiasis were analyzed,and compared with 40 cases of benign and malignant obstructive jaundice.The results showed that the main CT finding of clonorchiasis was mild,diffuse dilation of intrahepatic bile duct.Though the dilation of ending-cystic type accounted for 19%,it was reliable and specific CT finding of clonorchiasis.The mechanism and clinical significance of four types of intrahepatic bile duct and differential diagnosis were also discussed.


Beamforming microphone antenna has been widely used to locate sound sources and build acoustic model. The particularities of this technique are the use of a relatively few number of microphones and the simple signal processing. So, this technique is fast and easy to be carried out. But its main inconvenience is the poor resolution at low frequencies. Other approaches using experimental data have been proposed to increase the resolution, for example, minimum variance method, and high-resolution methods. However these methods are often delicate to put in use in acoustic engineering or they are often reproached for lack of robustness. Whereas, the most used methods nowadays are those by which the determination of the steering vector is data-independent. Among those methods we consider the conventional beamforming processing (Bartlet processor), the techniques of reduction of diagonal load of the microphone cross-spectral matrix, the method of using a Statistically Optimal Array Processing (SOAP) completed by the techniques of postprocessing deconvolution.


P-CuO /n-Si was prepared and studied with respect to Drop casting method  at  200°C temperature, it was concluded that energy band gap of CuO films is (1.6)eV calculated from optical properties. AFM reveal that the generated CuO Films have ball-shape with perfect homogeneity, the measurements of the XRD revealed that the CuO were of cubic crystal structure, the responsively photo detector after deposited CuO showed an increase in response. Keywords : CuO, Structure properties, AFM, Optical properties, Solar cell .


New city center does not developed as well as it was planned because of an ideal planning model from government planner. In my project, I try to recogonize the real princeples about how the center system grows according to historical center, then apply these principles to reconstruct the new city center in order to revitalise new town.


A high-resolution photoacoutic imaging system based on virtual instrument development environment is presented.GPIB bus technology is employed in the overall system,whose platform is composed of an ultra-sound transducer,digital oscilloscope,tunable laser and a personal computer,and the corresponding software for controlling and high-antinoise reconstruction algorithm are explored on LabVIEW platform.In the structural imaging of the brain in vivo,the brain structures are imaged clearly,such as the left hemisphere,right hemisphere,cerebellum,fissure transversa cerebri and middle cerebral artery.Also the distributed character of vascular network in the superficial cortex is reproduced perfectly.The spatial resolution of the imaging system can reach 200 microns.The system and method can potentially be developed as a non-invasive biological structural and functional imaging technique.


1. THEORY 1.1. The thermodynamic speed of sound The thermodynamic speed of sound (i.e., the speed of sound at zero frequency) in a fluid, u, m/s, is defined by the Laplace's equation u 2 = (∂p/∂ρ) s , where: ρ, kg/m 3 , is the density of the substance, p, N/m 2 , is the pressure, s, J/kg·K, is the specific entropy. Since ρ = 1/v the Laplace's equation has the following form, Ref. [2, p.127]: 2 2 s p u v v ∂ ⎛ ⎞ = − ⎜ ⎟ ∂ ⎝ ⎠ (1) Combining the above equation with important relationship, rarely mentioned in the literature, that determines the following derivative, Ref. [2, p.124]: 2 s T v v p p T p v v c T we obtain 2 2 2 v T v T p p u v c T v An equivalent form of Eq. (3) can be found by replacing the derivative (∂p/∂T) v in terms of the cyclic equation, according to Ref. [1, p.636]: v p T p v p T T


Viewing human history through a medical lens provides a renewed appreciation for today's vexing reproductive challenges, as some modern dilemmas are actually continuations of similar challenges experienced long ago. Certainly there are many examples of assisted fertility therapy that were entirely theoretical only a generation ago, but have become commonplace in modern practice and society. In particular posthumous birth and infertility have, over time, been the focus of compelling social interest, occasionally even impacting national security and dynastic succession. While the concepts have remained static, the tools available to extend and improve reproductive success have changed radically. Appropriately regarded as confidential and private, an individual's reproductive details are typically impervious to formal study. Yet, archival sources including ancient literature and formal court records can occasionally provide evidence of otherwise deeply personal concerns of a different era. Our assessment finds the issues, worries, and desires of patients of antiquity to align closely with contemporary reproductive challenges. Because children and family have always been central to the human experience, the consequences of reproduction (or the lack thereof) can make substantial imprints upon the cultural, economic, and political landscape—irrespective of civilization or century. In this article, selected motifs are described in a broad historical context to illustrate how challenges of human reproduction have remained essentially unchanged, despite a vast accumulation of knowledge made possible by gains in reproductive science and technology. Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose. -Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr (1808–1890)


This study deals with female industrial night workers. There is little scientific literature on this topic since, until recently, such shift systems have in most countries been restricted to men. The amount of diurnal sleep, as well as complaints about fatigue and poor sleep, were compared in women who were (n = 17) or were not (n = 26) caring for children. The women were engaged at an assembly line, working nights (22:00-06:00) from Monday to Friday. They filled out sleep logs for 10 consecutive weeks and were interviewed about complaints concerned with fatigue and poor sleep. A comparison of the diurnal sleeps taken between consecutive night shifts showed that the average total length of daily sleep, as well as the time of onset of the first sleep, did not differ between the groups; however, workers who had children tended to show, in comparison with their childless colleagues, more sleep episodes per day and a shorter first sleep. The total number of complaints about poor sleep and fatigue did not differ between the groups; nevertheless, workers with children complained more of difficulty in falling asleep, had a greater dissatisfaction with the amount of sleep on weekdays, and tended to show an increasing fatigue as the week progressed. We conclude that there are social pressures in women who care for children that are in addition to those that are a general consequence of night work. These results reinforce a need for the implementation of measures that organise child care, so helping a mother who wishes to work also outside the home.


Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has focused attention on the challenges and risks faced by frontline healthcare workers (HCW). Objectives To describe the quality of management of HCW affected by the COVID-19. Methods This is a cross-sectional study enrolling all HCW of Farhat Hached Academic hospital who had been affected by COVID-19 during the period from september to December 2020. Results During the study period, 267 HCW were affected with a mean age of 42.3 ±10 years and a ratio-sex of 0.25. The most represented category was nurses (33.3%) followed by technicians (26.1%). Gynecology department had the highest number of affected HCW (14.4%).The majority of participants (97.4%) reported a medical care. Twelve HCW (4.5%) were hospitalized with an average length of hospital stay of 7.55 ± 6.12 days. The average length of sick leave was 18.68 ± 10.99 days. During the lockdown, 38.6% of HCW took care of their children without any external help. All of the HCW were supported by phone calls from colleagues in 88.4% of cases, the hierarchy in 67.4% of cases, occupational medicine in 60.3% of cases. Conclusions The impact of COVID 19 is greater in HCW than in the general population. The affected staff should have a multidimensional management to avoid post covid sequelae in both physical and mental levels. Disclosure No significant relationships.


This work presents a failure recovery approach for foreseen failures of automated production systems to minimize the downtime of a system due to stoppages. In contrast to the common practice of implementing field control software, we suggest the use of operation states with pre- and postconditions. A set of operation states forms an operation state machine, whereby several operation state machines are used in a hierarchical manner in order to control and observe the process. The meta-model of the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) is extended to combine operation state machines with OMAC State Machines. By dividing the failure detection from the process controller the necessary flexibility is given to adapt this approach to different packaging machines.


AbstractAn effort is being carried out to encompass the influence of molding moisture content (ω) on the dose procedures aimed at binder enhanced fine-grained soils built on sound criteria. The por...


The question of theory and practice permeates not only politics but culture, where the analogue for theory is the social-symbolic text, the bundle of everyday codes, narratives, and rhetorical configurings that are the objects of hermeneutic reconstruction. Emphasizing action over its theory, praxis theorists have blinded themselves to the deeply embedded textuality of every social action (Bourdieu 1984; Swidler 1986; Turner 2002). But a no less distorting myopia has affected the vision from the other side. The pure hermeneut (e.g., Dilthey 1976; Ricoeur 1976) tends to ignore the material problem of instantiating ideals in the real world. The truth, as Marx (1972: 145) wrote in his tenth thesis on Feuerbach, is that, while theory and practice are different, they are always necessarily intertwined. Theory and practice are interwoven in everyday life, not only in social theory and social science. In the following chapters, we will see that powerful social actors understand the conceptual issues presented in this introduction in an intuitive, ethnographic, and practical way. In the intense and fateful efforts to impeach and to defend President Clinton (Mast, ch. 3), for instance, individuals, organizations, and parties moved "instinctively" to hook their actions into the background culture in a lively and compelling manner, working to create an impression of sincerity and authenticity rather than one of calculation and artificiality, to achieve verisimilitude. Social movements' public demonstrations (Eyerman, ch. 6) display a similar performative logic. Movement organizers, intensely aware ofmedia organizations' control over themeans of symbolic distribution, direct their participants to perform in ways that will communicate that they are worthy, committed, and determined to achieve acceptance and inclusion from the larger political community. And during South Africa's transition from apartheid to democracy (Goodman, ch. 5), perpetrators' confessions and victims' agonistic retellings of disappeared relatives, displacement, and torture


The objective of this article is to investigate the hypothesis of asymmetric effects between economic growth and renewable and nonrenewable energy production. To this end, both the linear cointegration and the hidden cointegration methodology are employed, with the latter allowing a straightforward delimitation of the data in an economically sensible way. We test for the presence of hidden cointegration across 12 sub-Saharan African countries spanning the period 1971–2011. The empirical results confirm the growth hypothesis for a subset of countries, suggesting that their growth could be adversely affected by conservation policies, while for a second subgroup of countries they confirm the conservation hypothesis, indicating that conservation policies could enhance the growth process in these countries. The differentiation of the results could be captured entirely by the linear approach, indicating that the lack of cointegration between renewable energy production and economic growth found in previous studies may be due to failures to properly delimit the nonlinearity property in the data.


Farmland fragmentation has emerged as the primary manifestation of global land use changes during the last century. Following the economic reform and opening up in China from the 1980s, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region has witnessed continuous farmland fragmentation. Understanding the spatial–temporal dynamics of farmland fragmentation is crucial for formulating sustainable land use management strategies. However, the specific causes and locations of farmland fragmentation remain unclear, as do potential significant differences or similarities across different countries. Given this quandary, this study empirically analyzes the spatial–temporal characteristics of farmland fragmentation in two different contexts: the BTH region in China and Bavaria in Germany. The study utilizes multiple theoretical models for temporal and spatial farmland fragmentation, applying the comprehensive index method, landscape pattern analysis, and the magic cube model. The results indicate that the farmland fragmentation index (FFI) value in BTH and Bavaria first increased or remained stable, but afterwards, both decreased and increased again. Moreover, the spatial analysis demonstrated high significance values for the FFI in the northern and western BTH region and in northern and southern Bavaria. There are, furthermore, significant differences in the FFI in different macro landforms. The FFI in the mountain regions is significantly higher than that of the plains. Finally, the results also demonstrate that a decreasing FFI relates to the overall low values within an FFI region. The theoretical framework in this study appears to align with empirical results, and thus provides a reference for future policy measures to protect farmland.


A structure with a nano-hole containing coordination polymer was obtained. X-ray determination shows that it belongs to monoclinic system P 21/n space group, with a = 1.09543(12) nm, b = 1.61279(18) nm, c = 1.43874(16) nm, β = 92.8260(10)° and final R indices R = 0.0523 and Rw = 0.1440. It is a uniform zigzag chain with four Zn atoms, two 4,4′-bipyridines and two ferrocenylcarboxylates forming a macrocyclic.


A new type of direct-coupled FET logic (DCFL) flip-flop called the memory cell type flip-flop (MCFF) is presented. The MCFF operates faster than conventional DCFL flip-flops and enhances the DCFL's advantages, such as low power consumption and high packing density. A D-flip-flop IC and a 1/8 divider IC were developed using the MCFF. These ICs were fabricated using 0.2- mu m-gate pseudomorphic inverted HEMTs. The D-flip-flop IC is confirmed to operate up to 20 Gb/s. The 1/8 divider is toggled up to a maximum frequency of 25 GHz. These results prove that the MCFF enables DCFL circuits applicable not only to large-scale integration but to small-scale and medium-scale integration operating up to 20 Gb/s as well. >


Rupture of an aortic aneurysm into the pulmonary artery is a rare and often a fatal event. This complication results in the development of an acute left to right shunt, volume overload, and rapid right heart deterioration. We describe a case of thoracic aortic aneurysm in whom the diagnosis of a communication with the pulmonary artery was made on the basis of transthoracic echocardiography.


A co-infection model for oncogenic Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Tuberculosis (TB), with optimal control and cost-effectiveness analysis is studied and analyzed to assess the impact of controls against incident infection and against infection with HPV by TB infected individuals as well as optimal TB treatment in reducing the burden of the co-infection of the two diseases in a population. The co-infection model is shown to exhibit the dynamical property of backward bifurcation when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. Furthermore, it is shown that TB and HPV re-infection parameters ($varphisst{p} neq 0$ and $sigmasst{t} neq 0$) as well as TB exogenous re-infection term ($varepsilonsst{1} neq 0$) induced the phenomenon of backward bifurcation in the oncogenic HPV-TB co-infection model. The global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium of the co-infection model is also proven not to exist, when the associated reproduction number is below unity. The necessary conditions for the existence of optimal control and the optimality system for the co-infection model is established using the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. Uncertainty and global sensitivity analysis are also carried out to determine the top ranked parameters that drive the dynamics of the co-infection model, when the associated reproduction numbers as well as the infected populations are used as response functions. Numerical simulations of the optimal control model reveal that the intervention strategy which combines and implements control against HPV infection by TB infected individuals as well as TB treatment control for dually infected individuals is the most cost-effective of all the control strategies for the control and management of the burden of oncogenic HPV and TB co-infection.


Computational approaches to language acquisition typically reduce the problem to one of either learning syntax, or learning a lexicon -- isolated tasks. These problem simplifications have led to disconnected solutions and algorithms with no expectation of grounded inputs. We propose a language learning framework for bootstrapping the acquisition of a grammar and learning lexical semantics. We describe the framework and provide an instantiation using context-free grammars and a lambda-calculus semantic representation.


Pope Francesco will face a systemic crisis of the Catholic Church. The model of the Church, one, holy, Catholic and Roman no longer holds. The internal plura...


In the northwest African study area (Senega, Mauritania and Western Sahara) small pelagics represent quantitatively the main fishery resources. Biomasses and captures of these pelagic resources show strong heterogeneity and great seasonal and inter-annual variabilities. For a better understanding of the variations which a affect these species, we focus on Sardinella aurita (round sardinella) and Trachrus trecae (Cunene horse mackerel) in Mauritanian waters. These two species are considered indicators of the variability for the other small pelagic species. These two species are considered indicators of the variability for the other small pelagic species. Data from planktonic and ichthyologic survey carried out in the Mauritanian zone from 1997 to 2001 as well as 30 years of data from acoustic campaigns carried out over the whole study area are analyzed to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of these species. Results indicate an interesting inter-annual correlation between these two data indices for both species with a one year shift in the case of the Cunene horse mackerel. A new reproduction zone of the two species would be identified and for the first time in the case of the round sardinella in the south of the Mauritanian EEZ near the new oil-bearing fields offshore oil rigs. It also appears that offshore larvae drift do not implies recruitment failure. In light of the analysis of the reproduction zone and demographic structures resulting from acoustic campaigns for Sardinella aurita the assumption of two stocks seems to be confirmed. The dynamics of these species is dominated by significant flutuations on various scales. When one considers long term (30 yearsa variatin of the acoustic abundance indices, one observes a global stability whereas the recent period is marked by an almost continuous fall.


Introduction Chronology Prehistory Profile of Traditional Culture in the Sioux Federation Indian Religion Canada Europe Reference Works Author Index Subject Index


Mats of core-shell fibres of semi-crystalline poly(L-lactic acid) (core) and amorphous poly(D,L-lactic acid) (shell) produced through coaxial electrospinning were used to prepare fibre reinforced single polymer composite yarns and films. The internal molecular ar rangement (fine structure) within the fibres and the potential to enhance the crystallinity of the core and heat-bond neighbouring fibres within the thermal operating window, between where the shell components fused and the melting point of the core components, were investigated. Thermal treatments were shown to increase the crystallinity and mechanical strength of the composite yarns.


In order to investigate cavitation erosion in hydraulic equipment, an experiment was conducted using a submerged cavitating jet rig. The erosive effects of various nozzle outlet geometries and the impinged surface geometries were examined using six type nozzle holders and three spacers or two cylindri- cal walls in the experiment. The upstream pressure was set at 10.1 MPa and the cavitation number was between 0.02 and 0.04. A petroleum-based hydraulic oil with a viscosity grade of 32 was used as the test liquid and the tempera- ture was maintained at 40°C. Aluminum alloy specimens of each 15 mm in diameter were used. The results indicate that a concave-type surface reduced erosion considerably, whereas convex-type surfaces tended to enhance erosion. Mass loss of the specimens decreased for specific nozzle outlet geometries. The size of a ring-like eroded region was the smallest for concave-type specimens. Erosion tended to increase for smaller cavitation numbers.


Abstract This study examines observed mesoscale surface pressure, temperature, and wind features of bow echoes. Bow-echo events in the area of the Oklahoma Mesonet are selected for study to take advantage of high-resolution surface data. Thirty-six cases are identified using 2-km-resolution radar reflectivity data over a 4-yr period (2002–05); their surface features are interrogated using the mesonet data. Distinct surface features usually associated with squall lines, the mesohigh and cold pool, are found to also accompany bow echoes. A common surface pattern preceding bowing is identified. Prior to new bowing development, the mesohigh surges ahead of the convective line while the cold pool remains centered behind it. Surface winds shift to a ground-relative outflow pattern upon arrival of the mesohigh surge. Approximately 30 min later, a new bowing segment forms with its apex slightly to the left (with respect to the direction of system motion) of the mesohigh surge. The cold pool follows the convective...


Abstract — A major challenge in biomedical studies in recent years has been the classification of gene expression profiles into categories, such as cases and controls. This is done by first training a classifier by using a labeled training set containing labeled samples from the two populations, and then using that classifier to predict the labels of new samples. Such predictions have recently been shown to improve the diagnosis and treatment selection practices for several diseases. This procedure is complicated, however, by the high dimensionality of the data. While microarrays can measure the levels of thousands of genes per sample, case-control microarray studies usually involve no more than several dozen samples. Standard classifiers do not work well in these situations where the number of features (gene expression levels measured in these microarrays) far exceeds the number of samples. Selecting only the features that are most relevant for discriminating between the two categories can help construct better classifiers, in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. This paper provides a comparison between dimension reduction technique, namely Partial Least Squares (PLS)method and a hybrid feature selection scheme, and evaluates the relative performance of four different supervised classification procedures such as Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN), Multilayer Perceptron Network (MLP), Support Vector Machine using Polynomial kernel function(Polynomial- SVM) and Support Vector Machine using RBF kernel function (RBF-SVM) incorporating those methods. Experimental results show that the Partial Least-Squares(PLS) regression method is an appropriate feature selection method and a combined use of different classification and feature selection approaches makes it possible to construct high performance classification models for microarray data.


An important aim of Type I diabetes therapeutic strategies is the replenishment of functional beta cells. Directing the efficient differentiation of stem cell sources in vitro into functional insulin secreting beta cells is the preferred approach, however, existing experimental protocols have not been able to successfully yield functionally responsive insulin positive cells. One obstacle in this approach can be attributed to gaps in the understanding of mechanisms that regulate pancreatic beta cell development in vivo. This research work seeks to better understand the mechanisms by which important genetic and epigenetic regulators govern pancreatic cell fate specification and maintenance. Our data reveals that microRNAs (miRNAs) - post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression - play an important role in the functional maintenance and survival of newly specified pancreatic beta cells. In the absence of the miRNA-processing enzyme Dicer1, newly specified beta cells lose insulin expression and acquire a neuronal transcriptional profile. The deregulation of neuronal genes is associated with a loss of binding of the neuronal transcriptional repressor REST to its neuronal target genes. This suggests that miRNAs play an important role in modulating critical regulators of cell fate during pancreatic islet cell development.Interestingly, an investigation into a role for REST during early pancreatic development revealed that activation of REST target genes in pancreatic progenitors resulted in the epithelium adopting a progenitor and duct-like state with defects in endocrine and acinar cell specification. This data argues for a previously unknown role for REST in modulating pancreatic organogenesis.In addition to discovering novel transcriptional regulators of pancreatic development, our data provides insights into a critical role for a DNA methyltransferase - DNMT1 - in coordinating pancreatic organogenesis. Abrogation of DNMT1 expression in pancreatic progenitors resulted in p53-dependant apoptosis of the progenitors that was subsequently rescued upon introduction of p53 haploinsufficiency to the DNMT1 deficient progenitors.This body of work adds to the overall understanding of normal embryonic pancreas development and may guide the creation of efficient beta cell differentiation protocols allowing for in vitro differentiated beta cells to possibly become an important source for replenishing beta cells in diabetic patients


Multimodal-narrative teaching,the result of blending Multimodality Theory and Narrative Approach,designs and organizes teaching by means of modality and in form of narration. In English vocabulary teaching,multimodal-narrative teaching makes vocabulary teaching break through the level of words and sentence and rise to the level of discourse,attaching more attention to context,communication,culture and appropriateness of vocabulary use. This paper,based on the analyses of Modality Theory and Narrative Approach,proposes multimodal-narrative teaching,discusses its connotation and significance and then explores instructional objectives,conditions,procedure and strategies.


The investigated Mongolian lakes are marked by a large range of trace element concentrations even in very small geographical areas. This work includes the data on major and trace element concentrations along of a series of samples collected in 2009 and 2012. Three geochemical types of lakes have been distinguished within the study area: (1) alkaline soda lakes, (2) chloride lakes with pH < 9.0 and Na-Cl-dominated composition, and (3) sulfate ones with pH < 8. The soda lakes show high concentrations of As, U, F and relatively low salinity. The chloride lakes have higher salinities and one of them was the most saline of all the lakes (Davsan Nuur). These lakes have higher concentrations of Li (up to 82.1 mg/L), Rb (up to 1350 mg/L), Br and Sr. Sulfate rich lakes are far less common in the area. Characteristic trace elements are Mo, Al and Sr. Thermodynamic modeling at 25°C and 1 bar total pressure was performed with the "HCh" code. We considered mineral and solution equilibria in soda lake waters and calculated the main uranium and arsenic species in solutions and bottom sediments of Shaazgay-Nuur lake to offer a possible way of As removal as an undesirable impurity in commercial products.


To design the simulation system of satellite housekeeping,and also to inject the robustness of unconventionality test program for which realize the test of the validation and reliability of function of housekeeping software.Housekeeping simulation system is based on instruction interpreter to complete interpretability of program.To be finished simulation scheduling of external device interface module by Bus management.It is provided GUI integrated development environment for debugging,and equipped with complete test data base and test tool chain.Significantly increase the reliability of the satellite housekeeping software,shorten the cycle and costs of research and development.


Abstract : The object of this test was to determine the attenuation and phase shift characteristics of three small orifices in a helium pneumatic system. (Author)


This chapter will study the proliferation of architectural follies that use recycled or recyclable materials in a move to promote better practices in waste and recycling. Given the slow uptake of this impetus in the architectural world proper, the text will investigate the obstacles in engaging in materially sustainable practices in the construction industry as well as case studies for rethinking currently problematic materials. However, while some improvements have been made in the construction industry's use of recycled materials, the industry often dismisses the afterlife of materials used throughout the process. What are the motivations of the industry and how can we incentivize circular thinking in an industry that produces hundreds of millions of tons of waste per year in the US?


A. James Arnold is professor of French at the University of Virginia, where he founded the New World Studies program. Since 1986 he has edited a three-volume History of Literature in the Caribbean ...


Methane (CH4) which can be detected in human breath has long been exclusively associated with anaerobic microbial activity (methanogenesis) in the gastrointestinal tract. However, recent studies challenge this understanding by revealing that CH4 might also be produced endogenously in cells through oxidative–reductive stress reactions. Consequently, variations in breath CH4 levels compared to an individual's baseline level might indicate enhanced oxidative stress levels, and, therefore, monitoring breath CH4 levels might offer great potential for 'in vivo' diagnostics such as disease diagnosis, monitoring the efficacy of treatments, or during the application of personalized medicine. To evaluate the effects from immune responses triggered by infections, inflammations, and induced perturbation by vaccination on CH4 dynamics in breath, two subjects were monitored over a period of almost 2 years. Breath CH4 levels were measured by gas chromatography equipped with a flame-ionization detector. Both subjects exhibited significant deviations (positive and negative, respectively) from their normal CH4 breath levels during periods of potential enhanced immune activity. Deviations from the 'healthy state' were indicated by the exceeding of individual CH4 ranges. Moreover, for the first time we could clearly prove CH4 degradation induced through vaccination by measuring stable carbon isotopes of CH4 using gas chromatograph–combustion–isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Hence, breath CH4 concentration and isotopic analyses may be used as a biomarker to evaluate specific immune responses and individual immune states.


Platform carbonates of the Beekmantown Group are organized into several onlap-offlap facies tongues that record four third-order depositional sequences (each about 150 m thick; 3 myr duration). A dip-oriented, 2-D facies mosaic (600 m thick; 275 km wide) displays a lateral facies zonation that, along a given time line, consists of (1) tidal flat facies composed of peritidal fifth-order cycles (average 3 m thick; 50-100 kyr duration); (2) inner shelf facies composed of shelf-lagoon grainstones-packstones; (3) outer shelf facies composed of Renalcis-Girvanella thrombolites and grainstones recording a shelfal patch reef setting; and (4) shelf margin facies dominated by Epiphyton framestone mounds and grainstones recording a shelf-edge reef-shoal complex. Sequence boundaries are stratigraphically conformable with no evidence for erosion or downward shift in facies. Third-order accommodation changes, as revealed by systematic stacking patterns of thickening and thinning fifth-order cycles, are correlated across strike using megafossil zonation. Time series analyses detected no peritidal cycle rhythms suggestive of Milankovitch forcing. This, coupled with the progradational nature of individual cycles, suggests a Ginsburg autocyclic mechanism linked to onshore sediment transport and seaward progradation of tidal flats. The 2-D internal facies architecture of a sequence and cycle stacking patterns have been simulated via computer utilizingmore » an autocyclic mechanism for fifth-order cycle development triggered by third-order accommodation changes.« less


The study was conducted at the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh with the objectives of comparing the body characteristics and body weight of three Indigenous chicken genotypes namely Common Desi, Hilly and Naked Neck. Of the four hundred and eighty nine birds analyzed the proportion of Common Desi, Naked Neck and Hilly chicken were 49.49, 24.95 and 25.56% respectively. The most predominant plumage color was reddish black (33.13%). Four types of shank colors were most frequently observed, i.e. white (39.87%), yellow (37.22%), black (20.04%) and mixed (2.87%). The earlobes were mainly reddish white (44.79%) followed by white (29.24%) and red (25.97%). The most predominant skin color was white (92.22%). Most birds had a single comb (96.12%). Hilly birds were heavier than the other Indigenous chicken groups (p 0.05) but significantly differed from that of Hilly chicken. In terms of shank length and circumference, there were no significant (p > 0.05) differences between Common Desi and Naked Neck chicken, but Hilly chicken had significant (p < 0.05) differences from both.


The present invention belongs to the technical field of computer and network security audit An audit stepping stones positioned remote playback system and method RDP protocol, including end audit management, audit data storage device, the host audit, operation and maintenance to be carried and the client device based on the O & M , audit management terminal comprising: WEB browser and auditing player; audit data storage device includes a WEB server, database audit data storage component, and streaming server, the audit host comprising RDP server, RDP session management component, auditing core components, audit data transmission assembly and operation and maintenance tools. The present invention can be realized without installing a client audit plug, only access to the audit host (stepping stones) for operation and maintenance operation and audit, and compatibility with high robustness, the network bandwidth resources is also less.


A major source of noise in optical matrix-vector multipliers is the fluctuation of the emitted light.1 For LED and laser diode light sources, the counting distributions are Poisson. With the introduction of a spatial light modulator (SLM), however, the distribution changes. To determine the role of the SLM on the overall system noise, we measure the effect of the SLM on the noise distribution of the light, first using film (passive) and then using a magnetooptic SLM (active). We then compare the results with other noise sources in an optical matrix–vector multiplier. This comparison can be used to establish the accuracy limits of the processor.


ABBREVIATIONS BED = biologically equivalent dose; CTV = clinical target volume; EBRT = external-beam radiation therapy; fx = fraction(s); GTV = gross tumor volume; ISRS = International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society; MDACC = MD Anderson Cancer Center; RCC = renal cell carcinoma; SBRT = stereotactic body radiation therapy. SUBMITTED June 25, 2016. ACCEPTED January 6, 2017. INCLUDE WHEN CITING Published online June 9, 2017; DOI: 10.3171/2017.1.SPINE16684. Stereotactic body radiotherapy for de novo spinal metastases: systematic review


Objective To investigate the influential factors of hemodialysis patients appearing left ventricular hypertrophy.Methods The clinical data of forty-five hemodialysis patients who were treated in our hospital from August 2010 to August 2012 were collected by self-made questionnaire.Results Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that dialysis fully was a protective factor for hemodialysis patients,high blood parathyroid hormone level and hypertension had risk factors for hemodialysis patients,fully dialysis was a protective factor for hemodialysis patients.Conclusion The influential factors of hemodialysis patients appearing left ventricular hypertrophy are affected by various factors,We should take corresponding measures to reduce the incidence rate of hemodialysis patients appearing left ventricular hypertrophy.


A new species of the genus Coptotettix Tinkham, C. brachynota sp. nov. is described from Guangxi, China. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University.


In the multicast transmission system, the transmission of the data is confirmed by each of the receiving stations indicating whether retransmission is required. Against retransmission, the transmitting station can broadcast mode retransmissions are not addressed to a specific recipient, or re-transmission is selected from the individual mode which is addressed to a specific recipient. Selection may be based on the number of receiving stations that require retransmission.


Objective To elucidate the genetic polymorphism of 15 short tandem repeats(STR) in Han population in Fujian Quanzhou. Methods The genetic distributions of 15 STR loci were investigated by means of coamplification genescan and genotype from 320 unrelated individuals. Results There are 150 STR alleles in 15 STR loci with their frequencies ranging from 0 0015625 to 0 5921875. The statistical result was in agreement with Hardy|Weinberg equilibrium. The accumulative power of discrimination of 15 STR loci was 0 999999286 and exclusive paternity probability was 0 9999999999999999155. Conclusion Apart from TPOX and TH01 loci, the 15 STR loci were verified as good genetic marker with high heterozygosity and polymorphism contents. 15 STR polymorphism in Han population in Fujian Quanzhou could be used as a basis for the genetic structure of Chinese Han population and also be of significant application in anthropology and forensic medicine.


Abstract Background In October 2015, CMS began requiring U.S. hospitals to report compliance with the Severe Sepsis/Septic Shock Early Management Bundle (SEP-1). We evaluated the impact of SEP-1 implementation on sepsis treatment patterns and outcomes using detailed clinical data from diverse hospitals. Methods We conducted a quasi-experimental interrupted time-series analysis of adults admitted to 114 hospitals in the Cerner HealthFacts dataset from October 2013-December 2017 with suspected sepsis (defined by blood culture orders, SIRS criteria, and acute organ dysfunction) within 24 hours of hospital arrival. The primary outcome was quarterly short-term mortality rates (in-hospital death or discharge to hospice). Secondary outcomes included lactate testing and administration of anti-MRSA or anti-Pseudomonal beta-lactam antibiotics within 24 hours of hospital arrival. Generalized estimating equations with robust sandwich variances were used to fit logistic regression models to assess for immediate SEP-1 impact and changes in quarterly trends after October 2015, adjusting for baseline characteristics and severity-of-illness. Results The cohort included 117,510 patients with suspected sepsis on admission. Lactate testing rates increased over the study period (61.9% pre-SEP-1 vs 77.9% post-SEP-1) with a significant immediate increase in risk-adjusted testing rates after SEP-1 (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.04-1.74) (Figure 1). There was also an increase in utilization of anti-MRSA (20.6% pre vs 23.2% post-SEP-1) and anti-Pseudomonal antibiotics (30.1% vs 39.8%), %), but these trends began before SEP-1 implementation. Unadjusted short-term mortality was similar in the pre vs post-SEP-1 periods (20.3% vs 20.4%). SEP-1 was not associated with either an immediate change (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.68-1.29] or quarterly trend change (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97-1.04] in risk-adjusted short-term mortality (Figure 2). Figure 1. Quarterly risk-adjusted rates of A) lactate testing, B) anti-MRSA antibiotic administration, and C) anti-Pseudomonal beta-lactam antibiotic administration within 24 hours of hospital presentation for patients with suspected sepsis before and after SEP-1 implementation in Q4 2015. All models included time (in quarters), an indicator of the post-SEP-1 implementation period (starting Q12016, to allow for evaluation of an immediate policy effect), and a two-way interaction term to assess whether SEP-1 implementation resulted in a change in trend. When data suggested no change in trend, models were also fit without this interaction term; this yielded a significant association for an immediate level change in lactate testing (OR 1.34 [95% CI 1.04-1.74]) but not antibiotic utilization. All analyses were adjusted for patient severity of illness and baseline characteristics including age, sex, race, initial vital signs (systolic blood pressure, temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate), and initial laboratory results (creatinine, platelet count, bilirubin, white blood cell count) if done within 24 hours. Figure 2. Quarterly risk-adjusted outcomes of patients with suspected sepsis before and after SEP-1 implementation in Q4 2015: A) In-hospital death or discharge to hospice, and B) In-hospital death alone. Models included time (in quarters), an indicator of the post-SEP-1 implementation period (starting Q12016, to allow for evaluation of an immediate policy effect), and a two-way interaction term to assess whether SEP-1 implementation resulted in a change in trend. Analyses were adjusted for patient severity of illness and baseline characteristics including age, sex, race, initial vital signs (systolic blood pressure, temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate), and initial laboratory results (creatinine, platelet count, bilirubin, white blood cell count) if done within 24 hours. Conclusion SEP-1 implementation was associated with an immediate increase in lactate testing rates, no significant change in already-rising rates of broad-spectrum antibiotic use, and no change in short-term mortality rates for patients with suspected sepsis in a large cohort of hospitals. Other approaches to decrease sepsis mortality may be warranted. Disclosures Chanu Rhee, MD, MPH, UpToDate (Other Financial or Material Support, Chapter Author) Sameer S. Kadri, MD, MS, FIDSA, Nothing to disclose Michael Klompas, MD, MPH, UpToDate (Other Financial or Material Support, Chapter Author)


The paper adopts the software ABAQUS to undertake the finite element analysis for full span girder transfer beam with upper wall structure ZHL-1 in the literature [9],and compares the results of finite element analysis with those in the literature [9].The results prove that the error is only 4.17% for the ultimate capacity,and the distribution of stress arching effect and the whole process of reformation,both generated by structure transfer beam and upper wall,are in good accordance with those from experiment.The introduced damage parameter can effectively reflect the concrete characteristics of tensile crack and compression failure.So the results of nonlinear finite element analysis based on the software ABAQUS and the girder transfer structure of concrete damaged plastic model can provide reference for similar shear wall transfer beam structure design and test.


Purpose: We evaluated the therapeutic effect of AEE788, a dual inhibitor of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinases on human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) cells growing in nude mice. Experimental Design: We examined the effects of AEE788 on salivary ACC cell growth and apoptosis. To determine the in vivo effects of AEE788, nude mice with orthotopic parotid tumors were randomized to receive oral AEE788 (50 ㎎/㎏) three times per week, injected paclitaxel (200 ㎍) once per week, AEE788 plus paclitaxel, or placebo. Mechanisms of in vivo AEE788 activity were determined by immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Treatment of salivary ACC cells with AEE788 led to growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. AEE788 inhibited tumor growth and prevented lung metastasis in nude mice. Furthermore, AEE788 potentiated growth inhibition and apoptosis of ACC tumor cells mediated by paclitaxel. Tumors of mice treated with AEE788 and AEE788 plus paclitaxel exhibited down-regulation of activated EGFR and its downstream mediators (Akt and MAPK), increased tumor and endothelial cell apoptosis, and decreased microvessel density, which correlated with a decrease in the level of MMP-9, MMP-2 and bFGF expression and a decrease in the incidence of vascular metastasis. Conclusions: These data show that tumor-associated endothelial cells are important in the process of tumor-metastasis. And VEGFR can be a molecular target for therapy of metastatic lung lesion of salivary ACC.


Small-scale hydropower schemes have numerous advantages over large-scale projects, including economic, social and environmental benefits. Alstom has developed equipment tailored to this market, which is growing in Latin America.


Buoyancy-induced natural circulation flows will occur during the early-part of PWR high pressure accident scenarios. These flows affect several key parameters; in particular, the course of such accidents will most probably change due to local failures occurring in the primary coolant system (CS) before substantial core degradation. Natural circulation flow patterns were measured in a one-seventh scale PWR PCS facility at Westinghouse RandD laboratories. The measured flow and temperature distributions are report in this paper. The experiments were analyzed with the COMMIX code and good agreement was obtained between data and calculations. 10 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.


The university is the base of training high-level professional personnel.According to the 21st century structure of talent and education for all-around development theory and function characteristics of higher sports education,it suggests the function of sports for university students' overall quality training by the research,analysis and practice of tradition sports teaching curriculum system in universities.


The main purpose of this study is to study the effect of heat treatment of carburizing carbon steel by using three parameters (carburizing hour, carburizing temperature, and quenching medium). This study was conducted using a furnace. This process is carried out at temperatures from 850°C to 950°C (1123 – 1223K) for three various duration time which are 8, 10 and 12 hours. From the experiment, the thickness of carbon layer varied according to the parameters that been used. For carburizing temperature at 950°C, the thickness of carbon layer was between 40μm to 80μm for oil as quenching medium, 60μm to 100μm for water as quenching medium and 20μm to 60μm for air as quenching medium. This experiment also been conducted for different carburizing temperature but with one quenching medium which is oil. The thickness of carbon layer was between 20μm to 60μm for 850°C, 30μm to 70μm for 900°C and 40μm to 80μm for 950°C. For carburizing temperature at 950°C, surface hardness values of carburized specimens were between 185.9HV and 386.2HV for oil as quenching medium, 234.7 HV and 398.4HV for water as quenching medium and 120.7HV and 241.5HV for air as quenching medium. For different carburizing temperature, surface hardness values of carburized specimens were between 149 HV and 323.4HV for 850°C, 166.4 HV and 345.9HV for 900°C and 185.9HV and 368.2HV for 950°C. Activation energy was determined by 47.34kJ/mol. The lower value of activation energy means less energy required for carbon atoms to diffuse into carbon steel, thus provide a more effective and efficient process.


. We determined the effects of preplant storage temperature and duration and greenhouse growing temperature on the growth and flowering of four cultivars of potted Ornithogalum representing Ornithogalum dubium (three cultivars) and Ornithogalum thyrsoides (one cultivar) originating from Israeli breeding. Bulbs were stored at five temperatures for 1 to 4 weeks before planting. Within the range of 9 to 27 8 C, lower preplant storage temperature resulted in earlier flowering and taller plants, and for one cultivar, increased bulb respiration measured after storage. When bulbs were stored at 9 8 C for 3 weeks, plants flowered at least 12 days earlier compared with controls stored at 27 8 C. At 9 8 C, as preplant bulb storage duration increased from 0 to 4 weeks, plants flowered more quickly and were taller. Within the range of 13 to 21 8 C, 17 to 18 8 C forcing temperatures gave the best combination of forcing time and plant quality.


Although titanium was originally discovered in the 18th century [1], significant developments in the titanium industry only occurred in the middle of the 20th century. These changes resulted from the emergence of the gas turbine engine and led to the development of industries focussing on titanium sponge production in USA, Europe, and Japan [2]. Since that time, the aerospace sector has dominated the titanium use worldwide. The metal has applications in both engines and airframe structures. Titanium has a highly desirable combination of properties, which include excellent corrosion resistance, a high strength-to-weight ratio, and good fatigue resistance. Such qualities enable extensive applications, and only its high extraction and processing costs restrict further implementation. Although the aerospace industry faces challenges related to increasing operating temperatures and the development of polymer-based composites, innovative solutions, including metal–matrix composites and titanium aluminides, provide pathways for future development. Furthermore, improvements in extractive metallurgy and processing methods have made titanium-based alloys more accessible to alternative industries. Industries currently utilising these materials include the sports, biomedical, and marine sectors.


Today, Altai has the most insightful archaeological sites reflecting the ancient history of the vast space spanning from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean and from Mongolia to the Arctic Ocean. The most engaging findings in the study of the primitive period were obtained in the North-Western part of Altai based on the materials of a crosscutting study of multilayer Paleolithic sites in the valley upstream of the River Anuy. The longest cultural timeline was studied in Denisova Cave. Analysing the Pleistocene cave deposits, the researchers applied a number of modern methods in archeology, stratigraphy, lithology, paleontology, geochronology, and other related sciences. Besides cave deposits with numerous artefacts, they discovered extensive paleontological materials, which helped to trace the evolution of cultural traditions from the primitive period to the end of the Paleolithic era and reconstruct the living conditions of the primitive human beings across the paleogeographic stages of the Pleistocene. The latest anthropological discoveries in the cave are associated with the core issues in the development of Homo genus and the formation of modern man.


Representing a certain culture,a settlement emerges under a special geographic and climatic condition,influenced coordinately by the local political,economic and cultural factors.It is under the special geographic and climatic conditions that Huizhou settlements emerged.The settlements,which are made up of the immigrants from Henan and the local inhabitants and influenced by the philosophical thoughts of Cheng Hao,Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi,are typically representative of the the settlements during Ming and Qing dynasties China.


Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with degenerate primers was performed on cDNA from Pratylenchus penetrans to amplify a conserved region in β-1,4-endoglucanase genes. Two distinct genomic DNA fragments that encoded partial β-1,4-endoglucanase sequences were isolated. Two corresponding full-length cDNAs, designated Pp-eng-1 and Pp-eng-2, were obtained by 3′ and 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Pp-eng-1 and Pp-eng-2 consisted of 1521 nucleotides encoding 455 amino acids and 1179 nucleotides encoding 328 amino acids, respectively. The two cloned genes encoded family 5 β-1,4-endoglucanases. The predicted protein PP-ENG-1 contained a cellulose-binding domain (CBD), and the predicted protein PP-ENG-2 lacked a CBD.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide two contrasting case studies of the integration and application of e‐learning in real estate education.Design/methodology/approach – The two cases presented in this paper provide good practical illustrations of the integration of e‐learning practice into real estate education. The first examines integration at the programme level through the use of iLearn as a mechanism for personal development planning (PDP). The second examines the use of a technologically enhanced learning and teaching environment at the level of an individual module.Findings – Both case studies report some degree of success in achieving specific learning objectives using e‐learning techniques. With respect to PDP, it is too early to fully evaluate the exact contribution of iLearn. The evidence from the second case study suggests that use of a technologically enhanced class room set‐up to solve simulated cases in the context of a real finance and investment module, facilitates creative ...


This is a tribute (dedication) to Professor Korah for being a a leading academic in European Community competition law, together with the related fields of U.K. competition law and comparative/international antitrust. DEDICATION TO PROFESSOR VALENTINE KORAH


Prepared as the Presidential address for the fifty-third general meeting of the Catholic Biblical Association (1990), this uncompleted paper proposes a novel approach to the question of inspiration generated at Vatican II. Following a brief survey of the state of the question, the paper seeks to justify Newman's insight on the role of the mediating community by means of a semiotic approach. It proposes Peirce' s model of semiotics as a reliable methodological tool for understanding inspiration in today's post-modem era. Finally, it intends to suggest ways in which this definition may enhance biblical studies and aid the Church's growth. Thomas F. Dailey, O.S.F.S., of Allentown College of St. Francis DeSales, completed the paper from the notes of the author.


Museums are potentially congestible resources because the exhibits they contain are, in any relevant sense of the word, irreproducible. Insofar as visitor congestion diminishes the value of individuals' visits it constitutes an additional reason for charging for admission to museums, albeit one not previously considered. A policy of free access to a museum containing unique treasures may dissipate the economic benefits of the museum. Within the context of an empirical study undertaken using valuation techniques it is shown that the congestion cost posed by the marginal visitor to the British Museum is GBP 8.05. External benefits may nonetheless play a crucial role in determining whether it is appropriate to charge. Insofar as congestion is a widespread phenomenon in important museums and galleries the issues raised in this paper as well as the methodology devised to determine congestion costs could have widespread application. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.


The speed of performing a simple ballistic movement under two conditions of response-initiation, stimulus-cued and self-cued, was studied with 24 educable retardates. Also, the effects of stimulus intensity (50 and 70 db re threshold) and sex were examined using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. All main effects, but no interactions, were significant. The slower ballistic speed observed under the self-cued condition was attributed to a deficient capacity for self-arousal.


To investigate the expression of apoptosic signal proteins (FADD,TRADD,FasL,Fas and NFκB) in human hepa-tocelluar carcinoma (HCC) tissue and its correlation with clinical outcome. Western blot was used to detect the level of five kinds of apoptosic signal proteins in HCC tissue. The expression rates with FADD,TRADD,FasL,Fas and NFκB proteins were 37.1% (13/35),68.57% (24/35),68.57% (24/35),60% (21/35) and 77.14% (27/35) respectively in HCC.The difference between expression of Fas protein and tumor volumn was significant (P0.05).Positive expressions of FADD and Fas protein increased with the increase of tu-mor grade (P0.01,P0.05).The expressions of TRADD and Fas positively correlate with the level of AFP (P0.01).The expression of apoptosic signal proteins did not correlate with tumor metastasis (P0.05).[Conclusion] HCC cell escapes apoptosis and maintains stability of itself by the cooperative function with down regulation of the expressions of the signal proteins caused apoptosis such as Fas and FADD and with up regulation of those leading to survival,such as TRADD and NFκB.


Tribal population in India constitutes about 8.6 percent of the country's total population and there are 705 recognized scheduled tribes in the country out of which 75 are declared Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). Tribals reside in the hilly terrains, dense forests in the remote areas perched away from the mainstream depending upon the forests for their routine needs. The interaction of tribal people with nature is intertwined with their indigenous knowledge system, the knowledge which is held by the members of a particular community and evolved through many years of regular experimentation. It is handed down through generations by the mode of cultural transmission. The characteristic feature of indigenous knowledge is that it serves the day to day needs of the tribals and some crises situation of life including health. Health is an inevitable prerequisite is influenced by some common beliefs, practices and customs in any society. Like every culture, tribals as well have their own beliefs and practices with respect to the concept of health, disease and illness. The present study is conducted among tribes of Surguja district of Chhattisgarh and lays emphasis on highlighting the perceptions pertaining to health & illness and beliefs associated with their indigenous knowledge system.


Abstract A novel, more efficient and practical synthesis of the title compound, recently reported as a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase is described. Reaction of (L)-ornithine with 1H-pyrazole-N-allyl-1-carboxamidine allowed facile isolation of the title product in 70% yield.


This paper explains the condition of food security in the archipelago during the COVID 19 pandemic in the Riau Islands Province, one of which is the Lingga Regency. Researchers use the Penta helix model to analyze the extent to which actors are involved in the development of the food security sector, especially in the Rice Granary program. The research method used is descriptive qualitative which is then analyzed in-depth using existing secondary data. The results show that the analysis uses the Penta Helic model which consists of five elements, namely the government as a policymaker, industrial cooperation, community group involvement, studies from universities and the media as information and publications on food security which have a very interrelated role in the food security sector especially in the rice barn program in Lingga Regency, however, it should be noted that the involvement of stakeholders must pay attention to rules and regulations in an effort to maintain food security stability in rice barns in terms of quality and quantity of production amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: Food Security, Penta Helix, Rice Granary, Lingga Regency


By using the method of normative analysis,and starting from the missions and values of university library,and in the light of the phenomenon of valuing the management and neglecting the governance and making the administrative color dense and making the innovation obviously insufficient,this paper puts forward the keys of the construction of talent team and the organization and governance framework.


Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth experience health disparities due to stigma and victimization. Gender-affirming healthcare mitigates these challenges; yet, we have limited understanding of TGD youth's healthcare experiences in the U.S. Midwest and South. Using a multiple case study design, we aimed to develop an in-depth and cross-contextual understanding of TGD youth healthcare experiences in one Midwestern state. Families with a TGD child under 18 were recruited with the goal of cross-case diversity by child age, gender, race, and/or region of the state; we obtained diversity in child age and region only. Four white families with TGD boys or non-binary youth (4–16) in rural, suburban, and small towns participated in interviews and observations for one year; public data were collected from each family's community. Thematic analysis was used within and across cases to develop both family-level understanding and identify themes across families. Findings include a summary of each family as it relates to their child's TGD healthcare experiences as well as the themes identified across cases: accessibility and affirming care. Although limited by a small sample with lack of gender and race diversity, this study contributes to our understanding of TGD youth healthcare in understudied regions.


Introduction: Schooling Outside the Box Part I: A New Day for Schools Reading and Writing in the New School Day Math in the New School Day Science and Technology in the New School Day History, Foreign Languages, and Social Studies Art, Music, Drama, and Other Enrichment Activities Character and Behavior Recess, Physical Education, and Sports Homework Part II: Creating the New School Day in Your Community Making the Most of Time How Can You Create a New School Day? Issues for Teachers Issues for Parents Issues for Communities Frequently Asked Questions Conclusion: Dawn of a New Age for Schooling


The AiF/BMWi-funded research project focused the efficiency of a turbocharger turbine in the engine operation at admission with pulsating exhaust gas flow. The aim of the project was the development of qualitative and quantitative differences in the turbine behaviour between the steady state characteristic maps realised at the test bench and the pulse performance operation points, to allow reliable statements about the use of steady state turbocharger characteristics in engine process simulation. All those aspects were investigated which determine the influence of pulsating turbine flow or respectively the deviation of the operating points under pulse admission from the steady state campaign, in order to significantly minimise the development effort in the optimum adaptation of a turbocharger to an engine. First, experiments were carried out on the turbocharger hot gas test bench. The researchers then investigated in a one dimensional simulation on the basis of steady state behaviour into a procedure to map a pulsating flow in the engine cycle simulation. In extensive simulations it was shown that the modelling of the volute as pressure lossless volume provides almost identical results to a separation model, in which the pressure losses must be laboriously implemented into the volute. Holistically and with reasonable accuracy, it can be concluded, that the turbocharger turbine can be treated as steady state, as long as the volute volume is taken into account. In case these steady state performance maps are adapted to the requirements of the operating range, they allow for giving a valuable process recommendation on turbocharger turbine efficiency modelling.


Within the Reading Recovery lesson framework, the "Making and Breaking" portion, which focuses on how words work, consists of a mere 1 to 3 minutes, yet can potentially provide a powerful reciprocal link between reading and writing. This article argues that careful consideration and utilization of effective language practices by the teacher can increase the power of the linking sound sequence with letter sequence experience in the Reading Recovery lesson framework. The article describes the many facets of language within the "Making and Breaking" portion of the Reading Recovery lesson, discussing eight key ideas: explain principles; use consistent language across the lesson; use explicit language and simple vocabulary; demonstrate first; explain why; begin with the child's known; use reciprocal language; and consider the child's Zone of Proximal Development. A conversation during "Making and Breaking" is attached. (SR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Communicating How Words Work.


The present paper introduces simple semi-conditional ET0L grammars (SSC-ET0L grammars for short). By analogy with ordinary simple semi-conditional grammars, an SSCET0L grammar is an ET0L grammar with productions having no more than one associated string, either a permitting condition or a forbidding condition. Such a production can be used provided that the condition is/is not a subword of the rewritten string. It is demonstrated that this modification significantly increases the generative power of ET0L grammars. More specifically, we prove that SSC-ET0L grammars with permitting and forbidding conditions of length no more than one and two, respectively, generate all the family of recursively enumerable languages; if erasing productions are not allowed, these grammars generate precisely the family of context-sensitive languages.


A software package was developed on the basis of the proposed deterministic and probabilistic technique for the prediction of peat fires [4] to visualize the results for the prediction of peat fires in the geoinformation system in the Bakchar district of the Tomsk region. This technique takes into account all the known reasons causing the initiation of fires, as well as the weather information and characteristics of the ground cover. The content and structure of geoinformation software package were proposed for the prediction of peat fire hazard. An electronic GIS map for bogs based on interpretation of satellite images and field landscape research [3] was used as a cartographic basis. The developed software package allows us to determine the probable initiation of peat fires in a protected area in the forecast period, taking into account the state of the ground cover, natural and anthropogenic loads. At the same time, this software package allows us to show the results for the prediction of peat fires on an electronic map that gives a visual representation of the fire situation in the area. In addition, the work content can be estimated to eliminate fires and the forces and means for suppression of fires can be prepared in advance in the entire territory for which a forecast is given.


Scientists and healthcare workers have expressed their concerns on the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on vaccination coverage in children and adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the studies addressing this issue worldwide.


Establishing student exchange programs is one way for sports science faculty to support the University to be a world-class university. For several years the faculty has been hosting several batches of a sports students exchange (SSE) program that gains interest and benefits for the students and the institution; however, limited studies have been conducted to present information about the program and its support system. This research is conducted to explain and give an overview of the program as well as explore the support system of the program. Three primary data, namely a depth-interview, questionnaire, and documentation, are gathered to explore the SSE program. The participants are lectures, faculty management, and students involved in the SSE in 2018-2019. The existence of the SSE program was exceedingly influenced by the faculty participation in AUCPESS. A grant from the Dharmasiswa Scholarship that aimed to bolster the exchange of culture and build up the Faculty's International atmosphere was the first booster. However, after the funding stopped, the program ran independently with non-financial support from Rector, faculty management, partner universities, and students. Hence, funding is not a pivotal issue as long as the University and faculty management eager to support the program.


Abstract : Effort during this initial period was assigned to planning the procedures to be followed in the component testing phase. A preliminary test scheme is developed, which will trigger the start of item evaluations. Means for forming half-cylinder attenuator assemblies were developed. These half-plugs are designed to be assembled to an EED to reduce its sensitivity to RF. Units presently developed increase the length of a MK 1 MOD 0 squib by about one third, and have about 16 db attenuation at 200 mc. There was some progress in the development of instrumentation. A new system for evaluating matched attenuation, and means to measure more accurately the power delivered to a squib termination occupy our initial attention. (Author)


Potential contributions of multiple hemoglobins for enhanced blood O2 transport during winter submergence and summer activity were evaluated for the common map turtle (Graptemys geographica). Hb's 1 and 2 were separated, purified and prepared in physiological media ([Hb4] = 1 mM); O2 equilibrium curves were generated by thin‐film techniques. At 3°C and pH 7.6, the half‐saturation PO2 (P50) for Hb's 1 and 2 were 3.4 ± 0.3 and 6.5 ± 0.3 Torr, respectively. The corresponding CO2‐Bohr slopes (Δlog P50/ΔpH) were −.06 ± .04 and −.31 ± .02, respectively. Additions of ATP and DPG had no effect on the O2 binding properties of Hb 1, and only minor effects on Hb 2. At 20°C and pH 7.1, P50 for Hb's 1 and 2 were 4.8 ± 0.4 and 12.5 ± 0.4 Torr, respectively. Temperature coefficients (Δlog P50/ΔT°C) for the two Hbs were 0.01 and 0.02, respectively. CO2‐Bohr slopes for Hb's 1 and 2 were −.09 ± .01 and −.45 ± .05, respectively. ATP and DPG significantly increased P50 and Δlog P50/ΔpH for both Hbs at 20°C. O2 binding properties for the turtle Hb mixture (60% Hb 1 + 40% Hb 2) at 3°C most closely resembled those of Hb 1. At 20°C, O2 transport characteristics for the Hb mixture revealed a more substantial contribution of Hb 2. These findings suggest that the elevated Hb‐O2 affinity and reduced CO2‐Bohr effect of Hb 1 promotes extrapulmonary O2 loading during prolonged winter submergence. For the summer‐active animal, the increased P50 and Δlog PO2/ΔpH of Hb 2 enhances the off‐loading of oxygen.


In the work we consider the coercive properties of a nonlinear biharmonic operator with a matrix operator in the space L2(R n)l and we prove its separability in this space. The considered nonlinear operators are not small perturbation of linear operators. The case of the linear biharmonic operator is considered separately.


This research examines the application of game theory approaches of the games in the educational process reflecting the influence of mathematical models in developing information society. The realization of the best selection of game models of game theory in effective selection of good practices in this informative progress. Development of information society in recent decades requires changes in the overall formulation of research studies both in the field of librarianship and on the advancement of the educational process. That is why the changes provoke scientists a need to develop their studies in a larger range. The entry of intelligent systems in this information society presumes researchers working in the field of information technology to carry out observations on innovation not only in information communication technologies, but also on educational methods and techniques. At article discusses game models of game theory and paying particular attention to Markov, bimatrix and evolutional games. Scientific report provides a synthesis of theoretical models of games and their effective use in developing educational process. Theoretical proposals addressed in this text are based on a terminological analysis and systematization of observations. Introduction


This paper argues that John Fischer and Mark Ravizza's compatibilist theory of moral responsibility cannot justify reactive attitudes like blame and desert-based practices like retributive punishment. The problem with their account, I argue, is that their analysis of moderateness in regards to reasons-responsiveness has the wrong normative features. However, I propose an alternative account of what it means for a mechanism to be moderately reasons-responsive which addresses this deficiency. In a nut shell, while Fischer and Ravizza test for moderate reasons-responsiveness by checking how a mechanism behaves in a given time slice across other possible worlds, on my account we should ask how that mechanism behaves in this world over a span of time – specifically, whether it responds to reasons sufficiently often. My diachronic account is intended as a drop-in replacement for Fischer and Ravizza's synchronic account.


Leaks from two adjoining underground storage tanks released product into fractured basalt rock, beneath an urban industrial site upgradient from a major stream. Preliminary investigations indicated a free product plume of approximate dimensions 80 m by 35 m. A bioslurping system was designed and installed for economical and effective recovery of free product and removal of the associated subsurface vapor. The successfully operating system uses a liquid ring vacuum pump (LRVP) to extract vapor, product, and water fin the form of an emulsion from 11 recovery wells and pumps the mixture directly from the LRVP to a liquid/air separator cyclone. The vapor-laden air extracted is passed to a biofilter for treatment. The liquid phase passes through a coalescing-plate oil/water separator where the bulk of product is removed. Outlet water from the oil/water separator still contains product in emulsion, which is removed by passing the outlet water through a custom-designed coalescing filter. Product collected here is pumped back to the oil/water separator and from there to storage tanks. Water is recirculated to cool and lubricate the LRVP, and excess water is passed through the biofilter before discharge to the sewer. Bioslurping has been an effective and economical technology for recovery ofmore » product and vapors. On this site, the entire recovery network is below ground level to allow total site access to heavy construction vehicles.« less


In this paper, the complex variable function method is used to obtain the hypersingular integral equations for the interaction between straight and curved cracks problem in plane elasticity. The curved length coordinate method and suitable quadrature rule are used to solve the integrals for the unknown function, which are later used to evaluate the stress intensity factor, SIF. Three types of stress modes are presented for the numerical results.


In the introduction, the editors describe this book as the cumulative detective work of six physicians. There is no question "who did it." I t is Harvey Cushing. Here is the attention to detail that we attribute to neurosurgeons and Cushing but which we have rarely ever had a chance to see. All that we have heard about Cushing is here: the detailed typewritten reports, the operative sketches by Cushing himself, and the personalization of operative notes that are far cry from our present day impersonal, lawyer-cautious dictations. The book is divided into chapters tha t deal with meningiomas, gliomas, parasellar lesions, and spine and posterior fossa cases. Each chapter contains a brief introduction written by Dr. Black and his collaborators. A few references are supplied as marginalia. This is followed by reproductions of the records from selected cases at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital where Cushing was the surgeon-in-chief for 20 years. Included are several of Cushing's sketches for each case, along with the typed records. While most of these are sketches of the operative field, figures 6.7A and 6.8A include sagittal views that we have come to associate with contemporary MRI. It comes as no surprise to find this three-dimensional visualization in Cushing's drawings. For the specialist, these case records make fascinating reading and perusal. Neither Dr. Cushing nor Dr. Horrax is free from H.C.'s criticism in the operative notes, although Dr. Cushing seems to fare better. Such words as catastrophic, accident, and error appear with refreshing candor. A criticism might be raised about the decision to reproduce all of the material as illustration rather than transcribing it. Often the typed material is cramped and dark and difficult to read. The obliteration of all names also makes the pages somewhat unattractive to the eye. The advantage is that we have been given a rare look at the everyday workings of the foundation of the specialty. We are indeed indebted to Peter Black and his colleagues for putting together this selection from the vast records at Brigham.


The six papers in this special section were originally presented at the 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA 2011), held on May 30-31, 2011 in Bari, Italy.


A mucoevacuant solution containing 0.125% tyloxapol (Superinone), 2% sodium bicarbonate, and 5% glycerin was delivered at graded doses to young cats via individual glass nebulizers and face masks. Effects on mucus flow and total respiratory tract fluid (RTF) volumes on normal animals and those with respiratory disease were evaluated. Significant increases in mucus flow rates occurred at 20 and 60 minutes on exposure to 133 to 798 mg per kg. Cats with viscid mucus and reduced flow were more amenable to inhalation therapy than those with watery mucus. Overdosage (9.6 gm/kg) caused no discernible changes in flow. Respiratory tract fluid output was enhanced by mucoevacuant with no statistical differences in volume output between normal and pathological cats. Particles sampled during exposure indicated respirable particles (5μ to 20μ).


For the relations generated by pair of differential operator expressions one of which depends on the spectral parameter in the Nevanlinna manner we construct analogs of the generalized resolvents which are integro-differential operators. The expansions in eigenfunctions of these relations are obtained.


The invention relates to a display device and a preparation method thereof. The display device comprises a display panel and a backlight module, wherein the display panel comprises a first display substrate, the backlight module comprises a light guide plate and optical film layers, the light guide plate and the first display substrate are folded together, and the optical film layers are encapsulated between the light guide plate and the first display substrate. The light guide plate of the display device is encapsulated together with the first display substrate, meanwhile, the optical film layers are encapsulated in the light guide plate and the first display substrate, so that all the optical film layers are pressed to be fit and firmly fixed together, the optical film layers can not be abraded, therefore, a protective layer is not needed to be arranged in the backlight module, accordingly, the thickness of the backlight module is reduced, and the reduction of the thickness of the display device is facilitated.


This paper explores the utilization of various contents in the Korean creative picturebooks which have a rapid growth since 2000's. It is easier to convert picture books intomulti-media than any other literature genre because scenes are composed with harmony ofwriting and picture. If a picture book ...


Disputes — Other international courts — Procedure — European Court of Human Rights — Burden of proof — Party estopped from raising preliminary objection not argued before Commission — Compensation 182The individual in international law — Human rights and freedoms — European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms — Right to legal assistance — Article 6 (3)(c) — Whether nomination of lawyer under legal aid system effective legal assistance Article 50 — Just satisfaction — Equitable basis — Compensation for non-pecuniary injury — Compensation in respect of breach of Article 6(3)(c) — Restitutio in integrum — Claim for professional fees of lawyer representing Applicant before Convention institutions — Legal aid — Whether loss suffered under Article 50


An event-driven system oriented to equipment detection as well as fault operation and maintenance is built. With the ability to provide remote access, the system which supports Internet Protocol can be integrated with workshop's manufacturing execution system as a sub-system so that the equipment operation and maintenance data will be no longer the information island.


Taking Xinjiang normal periodicals of science and technology as the research object,mainly on the running mode of comparative analysis,we found the western area science and technology periodical current mainly exist in the management system,the publication idea,development train of thought and the human resources of lag problem.The characteristics of running journals of science and technology are proposed in this paper.


Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology has been applied more and more widely and node localization is an important aspect of it. Bounding Box localization algorithm has been used in many cases. The purpose of this paper is to study the localization accuracy of the three different strategies based on Bounding Box localization algorithm and to explore the influence of the two parameters, the number of the anchor nodes and communication radius, on the localization accuracy. Firstly, the paper illustrates the principals of three strategies according to whether the unknown nodes that have been located will participate in locating other unknown nodes or not. Then the simulation condition is set, and the average localization error is gotten using three strategies respectively. The result shows the localization accuracy of Strategy C is the highest. Finally, the paper studies the influence of the number of the anchor nodes and the length of the communication radius on the localization accuracy and gives the optimal number of anchor nodes and communication radius when used in practice.


This paper describes a range of computer assisted assessment (CAA) research and development activities and discusses how CAA is enabling a rethinking of broader learning, teaching and assessment strategies. It includes four mini case studies which illustrate the diverse range of activities in this area. The first mini case study describes a review of the work of the CAA centre in the UK and a description of its impact across the sector, the second outlines the development of a test bank of CAA questions across a subject domain, discussing some of the key issues encountered by the project, particularly in terms of quality assurance aspects. The third describes a strategic institutional implementation of CAA and the way in which this has been achieved and finally the fourth mini case study looks to future developments in terms of CAA research and is an outline of a project which is developing a suite of freely available software to create, store, exchange and deliver assessment content. These mini case studies illustrate the ways in which CAA has developed and matured - moving from being a peripheral to a central part of the learning and teaching process. The paper describes some of the successes and failures of developing and implementing CAA systems. Evaluation of these activities has revealed insights about the potential of CAA, as well as identifying a number of issues concerning the future development of CAA and role of funded projects. The conference presentation will complement this and provide further in depth analysis of the results.


Blind get the opportunity to be guided and get a chance to get education to grow optimally. Blind people are individuals who have visual inhibitions. Limitations impede blind children in various activities in fulfilling their needs, so in addition to requiring public education services as well as a child, the blind child needs special services to rehabilitate the disorder, it is obligatory for a blind child to receive special attention. Related to that, it takes an interior element that can be used to facilitate blind children in doing activities, especially in learning activities. The purpose of this study is to describe the proposals, solutions and roles of the creation of furniture design for blind children at the Blind Children's Education Foundation Surabaya. Target of research that resulted, among others, in the form of data that has been tested about the design of furniture for children with special needs, especially blind children in the Foundation for Children's Education Buta Surabaya.


The aim of the study was to develop and optimize formulations of mucoadhesive patches of Terbutaline sulphate. The patches were prepared by the solvent casting method using Hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC E-15) as basic polymer along with Carbopol 934, Eudragit RL 100, and Chitosan were taken in different concentration. The patches were found to be smooth in appearance, uniform in thickness, weight uniformity, drug content, swelling behavior, and surface pH. Terbutaline Sulphate Buccal patch of Formulation 5 (TBP5) containing 400 mg of HPMC, 200 mg of Eudragit RL 100 have optimum bioadhesive strength, in-vitro residence time showed a release of 83.40 % after 15 hours and can meet the ideal requirement for sustained release buccal devices, which can be good way to bypass the extensive hepatic first pass metabolism and increase bioavailability.


This paper introduces the cloud computing technology into the field of oil and gas drilling engineering, proposes an idea and method of collaborative design system based on cloud computing in the oil and gas drilling engineering. This system put software as a service model to collaborative design personnel, make them across restrictions on region to work together towards common goals of design the best quality at the lowest cost, by using smart phones, PDA and so on called "thin client devices".The overall goal, the system architecture and system structure of this system are mainly analyzed and expounded in this article,showing the preliminary research results of the collaborative design system.


With the technology of top coal caving developing,the study on abutment pressure is behind.The attribution of abutment pressure is important to the design of coal pillar.So,the numerical simulation study on the distribution of abutment pressure around a top coal caving face has a large practical meaning.


Circulating lymphocytes of plasmacytoma-carrying BALB/c mice were found to lose their normal surface immunoglobulins; in their place surface structures characteristic of the specific plasmacytoma globulin were demonstrated by the immunocytoadhesion technique. These changes were experimentally reproduced by the incubation of normal BALB/c lymphocytes with an RNA preparation obtained by hot phenol extraction from the excised plasmacytomas. RNA treated by RNAse was inactive, while DNAse or trypsin had no inactivating effect. Lymphocytes, killed with heat or KCN, underwent no alteration of surface receptors following incubation with the tumor RNA. Plasmacytoma RNA, injected intraperitoneally into normal mice, also altered the reactivity of circulating lymphocytes. These observations suggest the possibility that this effect contributes to the functional impairment of the immune system in this disease.


The factors that influence results of air cleaner efficiency test were analyzed to which operators would pay enough attention and so that disadvantages can be mostly eliminated in order to improve the reliability of efficiency test data.


For a century between 1850 and 1950 railways exerted a profound influence upon the development of Canadian society. While considerable attention has been given to the impact that railway companies had upon Canada's geographic growth both as the instruments and instigators of Canada's own version of manifest destiny, their role as instruments of social and technological change has received comparatively little attention. Unlike other countries where the analysis of "the railroad" has led to an examination of its impact upon urban growth, social attitudes and popular culture in its broadest sense, Canadians for the most part continue to examine the legacy of our railways from a very two dimensional perspective. In many respects, this approach would be analogous to examining the impact of the Catholic Church on Canadian society by studying the growth in the number of parishes, annual revenues from the collection plate, and an occasional analysis of changes in the Church hierarchy over time. There have been exceptions to the rule. In the 1980s, Craven and Traves produced a superb analysis of the early role of the Grand Trunk Railway as an important industrial force in nineteenth-century Canada. To their apparent surprise, both scholars found that railways were early incubators of industrial practice in Canada. The substantial shops founded by the railways in such cities as Montreal, Hamilton, and Stratford produced a wide range of products that increased the authors' appreciation of the railways' important role as industrial innovators in the nineteenth century. This was an important study in that it was one of the first attempts the author is aware of where academic historians sought to analyse the impact of railways and railway technology upon Canadian society in a context other than that of a transportation system. Similarly, Harold Kalman and Douglas Richardson underscored the importance of the railways' influence on the built environment in a short overview of transportation architecture in Canada. Citing examples of bridges, stations, and major hotels constructed in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the authors sought to draw attention to "the railways' architects who pointed the way to a public architecture that raised our self-awareness and that was to be promulgated as a national style for all of Canada." The architectural legacy of Canadian railways has undergone considerably more scrutiny than other aspects of its broader cultural influence, yet even architectural historians continue to view the railway structures in isolation. To whit railway stations, even hotels, are studied often as individual entities and not as part of an integrated system of related structures. It was the successful integration of these individual parts that initially set the railway apart from other transportation modes and corporations. Their primary purpose of moving goods and people along their lines meant that railway technology required the development of a highly integrated and innovative corporate structure. As Alfred Chandler stated, "no other business enterprise, or for that matter few other non-business enterprises, has ever required the co-ordination and control of so many different types of units carrying out so great a variety of tasks." In the Canadian context this structure was not only vertically but also horizontally integrated to a degree unmatched by many other railway enterprises on the globe. While many individuals pay lip service to the importance of railways in the development of Canada, they do so while failing to grasp how pervasive a role railways played within Canadian society as employers, suppliers, clients, patrons, educators and


Comparative investigation on acoustic emission and changes in beech tension and opposite woods (Fagus sylvatica L.) microstructure were performed in wood drying process. The opposite wood generates several times higher numbers of acoustic impulses than tension wood. Tension wood activity decreases with increase of gelationous fibres fraction in wood tissue. In opposite wood dominate the cracks of high acoustic activity in the middle lamella (intercell), while in tension wood the most common is separation of gelatinous layer (G-layer) from middle layer of the secondery wall (S 2-layer) (interwall) characterized by low acoustic activity.


Traffic flow disruptions caused by road incidents reduce the performance of transportation networks. Under such conditions, drivers often attempt to reduce delay by diverting to alternate paths, redistributing trips to less congested routes. In the absence of route guidance information, the speed and efficiency of network recovery are most significantly influenced by driver familiarity with a network and, in particular, its daily variability. The goal of this study was to propose metrics and a general formula to relate driver diversionary behavior during incidents to assess resulting actions and conditions from the perspective of network resiliency. Another key objective of the work was to assess the applicability of routine traffic volume data collected by the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LA DOTD) for assessing both driver adaptation and local network resiliency during incidents. The findings from the study suggest that resiliency during incident conditions is not a fixed value for a facility but varies depending on the severity of the incident, opportunities for travel diversion, and the actions of network managers.


The motto of this proposal is principally focused on Timing Elements in digital circuits. Initially a low-power and area-efficient shift register using pulsed latches are designed. It resolves timing problem between pulsed latches through the use of multiple non-overlap delayed pulsed clock signals. Even though Implicit and Explicit Flip-flop design is present design It is an alternative of the conventional single pulsed clock signal. Flip-flops are perilous timing elements in digital circuits which have a huge influence on the circuit speed and power consumption. The performance of flip-flop is a significant element to regulate the efficiency of the entire synchronous circuit. For efficient low power and less area flip flop design the H-spice and T-spice tools are used. Razor flip flop with GDI technique also involved in the proposing technique. This will guaranty the high efficient Performance.