In this paper,the nature reserve of Lushan was taken as an example to build basic information database of its reserve based on topographic map,soil map,geologic map,administrativedivision map and relevant relative written datas,with the comprehensive use of Remote Sensing(RS),Geographic Information System(GIS),and Global Positioning System(GPS) techniques.Moreover,the research was done in 3S technology application in the aspects of nature reserve biological planning,monitoring and operation management,and it played an important realistic significance role to advance the management informationization,standardization and digitization of the nature reserve.


Abstract The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program operates three climate observation stations in the tropical western Pacific region. One of these sites, located on Manus Island in Papua New Guinea, has been operating since 1996. The Manus ARM site includes an extensive array of instruments chosen to observe cloud properties, water vapor and temperature profiles, and the surface radiation budget. This dataset provides an opportunity to examine variability in tropical cloudiness on a wide range of time scales. The focus of this study is on the annual cycle. Analysis of cloud distribution and radiation data from Manus reveals a clear annual cycle in clouds associated with convective activity. The most convectively active period is found to be the Northern Hemisphere summer, while the least active period is the Northern Hemisphere autumn. Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data are also examined in order to relate observations at Manus with the surrounding region. Significant differences are found ...


The paper probes into the shelf classifications from both the features of reference rooms in departments and the characteristics of book collection of school libraries under the environment of joint construction and sharing with the university library.By taking the reference rooms of departments of Anhui Normal University as examples,the author holds that the arrangement of books in reference rooms should adopt the Chinese Library Classification,and determine the classification numbers and location symbols by using the sub-divisional tables and auxiliary symbol of alterative division and combination order so as to increase the efficiency of both management and retrieval.


The elaboration of plant form and function depends on the ability of a plant cell to divide and differentiate. The decisions of individual cells to enter the cell cycle, maintain proliferation competence, become quiescent, expand, differentiate, or die depend on cell-to-cell communication and on the perception of various signals. These signals can include hormones, nutrients, light, temperature, and internal positional and developmental cues. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding the molecular control of plant pattern formation, especially in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, specific genes have been found that are necessary for normal pattern formation and the control of the rates of cell division and differentiation. Cloning of these genes is revealing the molecular basis of plant pattern formation and the key players on plant signal transduction systems.


The demand for high-capacity wireless services is bringing increasing challenges, especially for delivery of the "last mile". Terrestrially, the need for line-of-sight propagation paths represents a constraint unless very large numbers of base-station masts are deployed, while satellite systems have capacity limitations. An emerging solution is offered by high-altitude platforms (HAPs) operating in the stratosphere at altitudes of up to 22 km to provide communication facilities that can exploit the best features of both terrestrial and satellite schemes. This paper outlines the application and features of HAPs, and some specific development programmes. Particular consideration is given to the use of HAPs for delivery of future broadband wireless communications.


The invention relates to a flexible shank clamping board. The flexible shank clamping board comprises a polyurethane film barrel, the polyurethane film barrel is provided with an interlayer, the interlayer is filled with hydraulic oil, a plurality of shank clamping board bodies are distributed on the inner wall of the polyurethane film barrel in a rotating mode with the center axis of the polyurethane film barrel as a center, a drug application gauze of a cylindrical structure is arranged in the polyurethane film barrel, the two ends of the side wall of the polyurethane film barrel are respectively provided with a fixing base, and the fixing bases are connected with hydraulic oil cylinders through rubber pipes. The flexible shank clamping board is simple in structure and reasonable in design. Through the mode of hydraulic contraction, the flexible shank clamping board can adapt to shapes of tibias at different positions and is attached to the tibias to the maximum extent, so that recovery and growth of the fracture position are facilitated, and healing of a bone is accelerated.


It is shown that in the post-noon quadrant, the combination of field-aligned currents associated with the eastward auroral electrojet and polar cap currents produces a magnetic field perturbation pattern on the ground at at TRIAD altitude (800 km) in good agreement with observations. This model permits downward net field-aligned current flow across the post-noon sector auroral oval while at the same time replicating the observation of a sharp level shift in the east-west component of the magnetic perturbation field at 800-km altitude attributed, until now, to net upward field-aligned current. These results reconcile the contentions of Hughes and Rostoker (1977,1979) that there is net downward field-aligned current across the post-noon auroral oval and of Sugiura and Potemra (1976) that the net current flow in the post-noon quadrant is upward.


Network topology is very helpful for solving many problems which obey some rule about propagation behaviors on Internet,such as the spread of virus in computers,the prevalence of epidemic among people and the diffusion of rumor.So aiming at predicting and improving the performance of Internet,modeling suitable network topology is very important.Considering network topology as well as synthesized considering of adding new nodes and links,removing old nodes and links,nodal isolation,new internal links addition between existing networks,and preferential connects in local world,a new modeling method NBSFN(New Base Scale Free Network) on network topology is proposed.Java and Matlab are used to study the simulation results.The simulation results represent many topology specialities,such as scale-free,small-world and so on.


This work presents a detailed 3-D thermo-mechanical modeling of two LED board technologies to compare their performance. LED boards are considered to be used in high power 800 lumen retrofit SSL (Solid State Lighting) lamp. Thermal, mechanical and life time properties are evaluated by numerical modeling. Experimental results measured on fabricated LED board samples are compared to calculated data. Main role of LED board in SSL lamp is to transport heat from LED die to a heat sink and keep the thermal stresses in all layers as low as possible. The work focuses on improving of new LED board thermal management. Moreover, reliability and lifetime of LED board has been inspected by numerical calculation and validated by experiment. Thermally induced stress has been studied for wide temperature range that can affect the LED boards (-40 to +125C). Numerical modeling of thermal performance, thermal stress distribution and lifetime has been carried out with ANSYS structural analysis where temperature dependent stress-strain material properties have been taken into account. The objective of this study is to improve not only the thermal performance of new LED boards, but also identification of potential problems from mechanical fatigue point of view. Accelerated lifetime testing (e.g., mechanical) is carried out in order to study the failure behavior of current and newly developed LED board.


Unplanned housing developments in vulnerable communities on steep tropical and subtropical hillslopes in many developing countries pose major problems for the residents themselves; for Governments, in terms of potential relocation costs; for engineers in determining the precise nature of the hazard and risk; and for donor agencies, such as the World Bank, in establishing the form of disaster mitigation policies that should be promoted. We present a new low-cost, community-based approach to landslide risk reduction in such a context. It is founded on the vision that there is often sufficient capacity within Governments to address such landslide issues without needing to incur significant additional costs by employing non-Government specialist staff. Such expenditure adds to debt and only suboptimally builds within-country capacity. The approach we present develops a cross-ministry Government management team, implements a community-based approach to landslide risk assessment, develops low-cost interventions through the social intervention fund and builds capacity through community knowledge transfer. We report on the successful pilot undertaken in the Skate Town community, Castries, St. Lucia, West Indies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this study the effects of water/solvent mixture as coagulation medium with different solvent content, coagulation bath temperature (CBT) and coagulant type on the performance, morphology and thermal stability of polysulfone membranes were investigated. SEM and TGA techniques were used to characterize the fabricated membranes. Based on the obtained SEM images, decreasing of water/N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) ratio as coagulation medium from pure water to mixture of 90 vol.% DMAc and 10 vol.% water, resulted in completely disappearing of macrovoids. Gas permeation test results showed that by addition of solvent into the coagulation bath, H2/CH4 and H2/ N2 selectivities (permselectivities) reduced dramatically from 46.3 to 16.1 and 51.0 to 18.5, respectively. By the way, reducing the CBT from 80°C to 5°C led to elimination of macrovoids as well as attaining high thermal stability. As an interesting result, the membrane prepared at the CBT of 25°C showed the best gas separation performance with permselectivities of 46.3 and 51.0 for H2/CH4 and H2/N2 respectively, and H2 permeance of 25 GPU. Using methanol as coagulant resulted in less selective membrane compared with those prepared using ethanol and water. On the other hand, the H2 permeance of the former case was about 3 and 9 times more than those prepared using ethanol and water as coagulant, respectively. Obtained membrane with methanol revealed the lower thermal stability than those of ethanol and water.


Using social network analysis, this study examined cognitive representations of ideal public figures as well as politicians and entertainers who are often regarded as public figures in Korea. Participants expected ideal public figures to possess only positive characteristics, such as high morality, integrity, competence. However, their assessment of politicians and entertainers reflected in their cognitive representations turned out to be fairly different from the image of ideal public figures. Personality traits and behavioral characteristics featured in cognitive representations of politicians were dominantly negative. Cognitive representations of entertainers incorporated both positive and negative characteristics highly interconnected to each other. This study also explored how people respond affectively toward ideal public figures, politicians and entertainers. Participants showed only positive feelings toward ideal public figures. However, their' affective responses toward politicians were entirely negative and toward entertainers, both positive and negative affects were shown. We discussed the disjunction between the representations of politicians and entertainers and of ideal public figures and suggested directions of future research.


Future for the History of Science? An Interjection Oriented towards Science Policies Inspired by the History of Medicine. The author argues that diversity is the great strength of the history of science. It allows for flexible reactions to intellectual challenges posed by its various reference disciplines. This strength, however, might turn into a weakness, if diversity results in arbitrariness. These claims are illustrated by the example of the history of medicine as a sub‐discipline of the history of science: The history of medicine is currently able to acquire project funding because it is diverse and flexible. Simultaneously, it experiences the risks of flexibility and third‐party funding. Basic funding, scholarly interaction, and organized exchange seem necessary to ensure professional standards. It is concluded that the future for the history of science is bright, if it is able to preserve both its diverse creativity and a disciplinary sense for academic standards.


This study was developed utilizing meteorological data of precipitation intensity and number of days of precipitation from 1947 to 2005. Was realized a study of the precipitation in the region, verifying the variation belong the time in the Forest District of Monte Alegre. Were analyzed the intensity of precipitation, number of days of rain and the mean rain per rain-day (mm) in terms of its average, minimum and maximum values and standard deviation, for the period of 1947 to 2005. Later, these data had been grouped in periods of 10 years, having been made a study of the evolution of the precipitation for these periods. A growth in the number of rainy days per year was observed, from decade 1947-1956 for decade 1997-2005. For the decade of 1947-1956 the average number of rainy days was 96,6 days. In the following decade (1957-1966) this value fell for 90,2 days, in the decade of 1987-1996, this value was of 108,6 in the decade of 1997-2005, this value was of 108,1. The results indicate a growth of 11,5 days annual of precipitation


Knowledge transfer has significant impact on enterprises" innovation performance and in SME clusters various relationships between enterprises is the main channel of knowledge transfer. Knowledge and information transfer through enterprises" relationships and then promote the enterprises" innovation activities, which is the primary way of traditional industrial SMEs to obtain innovation in China. This research bases on the practices of Foshan lighting cluster and constructs the whole network of formal member enterprises of Foshan Lighting Association. The goal of this article is to demonstrate the structural characteristics of knowledge transfer networks and to examine mainly through which enterprise relationship that explicit and tacit knowledge transfer and to demonstrate how the location of enterprise within the knowledge transfer network plays a key role in the innovation performance. Findings are that explicit knowledge transfers not only by the weak market ties but also by the strong social ties while the transfer of tacit knowledge mainly depends on the social ties. Centrality in both explicit and tacit knowledge networks has significant positive impact on the product and process innovation, however, the structure hole has non-significant influence on innovation performance.


The essays in this collection range widely not only over Karolina Pavlova's oeuvre but also in their analytical stances. The volume includes close poetic and prosodic analysis, literary history, gender studies, intertextual comparison and biography.


We present a detailed comparison of structural properties in the rest-frame V band of cluster and field galaxies, selected and analyzed in the same manner, to test the hypothesis that much of the current cluster galaxy membership resulted from the fairly rapid (1-2 Gyr) transformation of infalling, field spirals into red, cluster early types. Specifically, we have selected ~140 galaxies from three nearby Abell clusters (A85, A496, and A754) that have colors significantly bluer than the red sequence population and compared them to ~80 field galaxies with similar colors and luminosities from the Nearby Field Galaxy Survey. The comparison is based on the hypothesis that recent (1-4 Gyr) cluster arrivals were originally blue and star-forming, then stopped forming stars to dim and redden in a few gigayears. For the comparison we quantify galaxy internal structure and morphology from two-dimensional bulge/disk decompositions using GIM2D. We observe structural differences between blue galaxies in local (z < 0.06) clusters, compared to field environments. All cluster galaxies have spectroscopic membership. The majority of blue cluster members, presumably recent additions, are physically smaller and fainter than their equally colored field counterparts. At a matched size and luminosity, the newer cluster arrivals are quantifiably smoother in appearance, yet their total light is as disk dominated as in normal field spirals. Moreover, half of the blue cluster members appear to have blue cores or globally blue color profiles, in contrast with field spirals, which typically exhibit red inward color gradients. Blue cores suggest enhanced nuclear star formation, possibly a starburst, while uniformly blue profiles are consistent with an episode of fairly strong global star formation in the past few gigayears. Our previous work shows that the blue membership of local clusters is a recently infalling population that has yet to encounter the dense core. In a universe without environmentally dependent evolution outside of cluster cores, we would expect blue disk galaxies inhabiting field and cluster regions to have similar morphology, size, and color gradient distributions. Our findings show conclusively not only that the abundance of red and blue galaxies depends on environment, but also that fundamental structural and morphological galaxy properties do indeed reflect the environment in which the galaxy is found. Moreover, the data show that the transformation of accreted galaxies is not confined to the dense cluster core. The overall properties of bluer cluster members are best explained by environment-driven transformation of accreted field spirals, and our results suggest that the processes that govern color and morphological evolution occur separately.


The inherent knowledge discovery problem regarding networks that represent complex real world phenomenon is a popular research topic. Specifically, in social network analysis (SNA), several community discovery techniques with various approaches have been put forward to distinguish closely related entities. Identifying the relevant techniques to utilize based on the context of the application is a key difficulty researchers face. In this study we propose a methodology for classifying these techniques, visualize a prototype, and analyze the performance and quality of selected approaches over a real world call detail record (CDR) data set.


Breast cancer is one of the most common solid tumors in the world and a major cause of premature mortality among women (1). Despite the notable progresses and the high efficacy of diagnostic tools and multimodal treatment strategies (surgery, radiotherapy and medical treatments) in early disease, up to a third of breast cancer patients still recur and die (2). Breast cancer encompasses a broad spectrum of different situations and various clinical challenges, depending on the specific cancer histology, tumor grade, disease stage and definition of the molecular subtype (luminal A, B, Triple-negative/basal-like, HER2enriched). Obviously, the clinical context can also change according to the characteristics of the patient, such as age, menopausal state, comorbidities, without neglecting specific clinical conditions as male breast cancer, concomitant pregnancy, or the presence of genetic anomalies of cancer predisposition (namely BRCA 1 and 2 mutations). Moreover, breast cancer represents a crucial commitment for healthcare institutions (governmental organizations, scientific societies), to ensure adequate information, clear management indications and, sometimes, "reassurance" towards health workers, patients and their families, but also public opinion. Their need for information, as clear and concise as possible, requires an explanation about the quality of evidence and the expression of the strength of recommendations, easily exploitable. Clinical practice guidelines are statements that include practical resolutions and management proposals intended to optimize patient care outcomes and efficiencies, but also to minimize disparities. They are structured according to a systematic review of evidence-based knowledge, assessing the benefits and harms of alternative care options and taking into account the actual availability of suggested choices, in the specific context of application. Increasing evidence showed that adherence to guidelines is associated with improved outcomes in patient care, as well as prolonged survival and better quality of life (3). However, in recent years, concrete availability of real life medical resources has become a major concern in clinical practice guidelines, and this is particularly important for developing countries or socioeconomically diverse communities. China is one of the most important developing countries, with a large territory and uneven economic and academic developments. Conceiving and implementing a consensus document on diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, applicable to different territorial realities and capable of summarizing the perspective of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), is a truly ambitious challenge. Indeed, the CSCO guidelines must consider differences in regional development, namely with regard to the availability of medical compounds and diagnostic tools, without forgetting the social value of cancer treatment. Moreover, since a vast amount of data and knowledge revealed the genomic bases of breast cancer heterogeneity, it is important to take into account the advances in precision medicine, as the genomic "revolution" gradually translates into clinical practice (4). The publication of the updated CSCO guidance on diagnosis and management of breast cancer in 2020 could Editorial


Several 2-aryl and 2-heteroaryloxazolo[4,5-b]pyridines were synthesised in high yields from zwitterion or hydroxyamidine derivatives by heating in dimethylacetamide. These intermediates were generated via hetarynic reaction with the complex base NaNH 2 -t-BuONa (5:2). The same reactions were possible with quinoline derivatives.


To write this essay I received a series of questions aiming at guiding my writing. Reading them made me realize that the phage I chose to study Mu, and the group of people who shared my enthusiasm for that transposable phage have been the main drive of my scientific path. Fascinating findings readily started and kept accumulating through the years and the dual nature of the organism (a phage and a transposon) led the group to be part not only of the phage but also of e.g., the plasmid and transposon scientific communities. Today, the number of scientists working on the development of transposable phages and its regulation has shrunk so much that a significant part of the knowledge accumulated through over 40 y of research is at high risk of extinction! A historical survey of Mu biology and the Mu community appeared in the book "Phage Mu" (Neville Symonds et al., CSHL press, 1987), a tribute to Ahmad Bukhari, a leading figure in the Mu field, who passed away at the end of 1983, in his middle 40s. His memory inspires more than any other when going back to the most productive years in Mu biology from 1970 to the late 90s. My first encounter with Mu occurred in 1968. It was a time of intense political discussions and reinvention of authority! I was working on my PhD thesis in Ren e Thomas's lab. Ren e, with whom I spent the largest part of my scientific life at the Universit e Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, taught me scientific rigour and freedom. To some of us, he had suggested to work in pairs, to produce 2 collaborative theses! That's how, for over 3 years, I had the compelling experience to share ideas, conceive and run experiments, write papers and much more with Nicole Douat. Nicole and I were desperate to isolate polar mutations in phage l. We convinced Ren e to invite Pieter Starlinger (Professor at the University K€ oln) for a seminar. Pieter's group had isolated strong polar mutations in the E.coli gal operon, using, among other procedures, bacteriophage Mu insertions. Our last hope for getting l polar mutations was this new phage. Pieter brought us a sample of Mu and a few months later we had all the lmutants we needed to show that its late genes form an operon. In the summer of 1970, with Bill Dove, Ren e taught the last phage course at CSHL. I was in the US as a "post-doc" at that time (quoted because I still hadn't finished writing my thesis!) and by a happy set of circumstances, Ren e asked me to join as a technician to help teaching the course. There, I met Ahmad Bukhari for the first time. He had just been appointed by Jim Watson to work on Mu at CSHL after his post-doc with Larry Taylor, the discoverer of Mu in the early 1960s. Ahmad was soon to be joined by Martha Howe and Ernesto Bade. From then on the Mu community built up and we shared exceptional moments when meeting and discovering the intricacies of the Mu system bit by bit (most bits being completely unexpected). We enthusiastically discussed the most eccentric possibilities and explored the scientific and nonscientific world. It was not a fairy tale, but, as usual, as time passes, the good aspects tend to dominate. Mu research has certainly been influenced by the number of people working on the phage remaining small through the years, allowing easy contacts between the different laboratories (We had no fax or internet at the time!) enabling the "Mukaryots" in Cold Spring Harbor, the "Rhodomu's" in Brussels and other groups to maintain an overview of what was going on. Many of us started to work on Mu at the same time, in the late 1960s. Both in the US and in Europe, the few people involved tried to get in touch, looking for counterparts because they felt isolated in the phage world dominated at the time by e.g., MS2, FX174, l, P2 and T4, but also because they did not want their work to overlap too much. It took about 4 y before we all met for the first time at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) in July 1972. From then on, contacts were maintained between the different groups, especially at phage meetings at CSHL and in Salamanca (organized by Margarita Salas), and at recombination meetings in Nethybridge, (organized by Neville and Robin Holliday). There was an intense sharing not only of results, but also of ideas for future experiments and of possible models for those results that, when they first appeared, were so difficult to put into a known context. Everyone seemed very excited about the ideas, without worrying about others knowing of them. But once we were back in our respective laboratories, we started to work frantically, trying to be the first to solve the problem. This might have been why we always had a tendency to "transpose" by intra-molecular reaction from one end to the other on the Mu genome, whenever something exciting showed up in the transposase A gene or in the invertible G region. Of course, because of those transposition events, some political problems arose, but frank and stable friendship nevertheless developed. One consequence of entertaining such close contacts was that information had a tendency to remain within the Mu circle. This was reinforced by a general tendency of those involved to publish only part of their work, not to keep people in the dark, but just because writing was no fun (there was not as much pressure to publish at the time!), and there were always important experiments to be done right away. The book "Phage Mu" was not only the Mu community tribute to Ahmad, but also an attempt to allow all our phage colleagues to finally find the answers to some of the questions they always asked about Mu that never got an answer! This was because most of us only did the experiments we enjoyed doing, even though that meant leaving aside basic questions to which other phage workers were anxiously awaiting for an answer. In the early 1970s, Mu was felt as a marvelous and easy virgin field, even though we soon realized that Larry Taylor had already done so much! At a time when research on eukaryotes was starting to take the lead over that on prokaryotes, our motivation to start


palate exhibit scars, and the entrance to the larynx is reduced to the size of a pencil. The epiglottis is scar-bound laterally and anteriorly, the aryteenoid apices being dragged forward and the ventricular bands shortened and approximated. There is no history of syphilis nor phthisis, and Wassermann's test, as reported upon by Dr. Wyatt Wingrave, does not support the theory of specific infection. Even with rest in bed the inspiratory dyspncea became so severe three weeks ago that a low tracheotomy was performed. She has greatly improved since, some oedema of the larynx having disappeared, and her general health is much better. She is now being treated with Donovan's solution.


Objectives We report on the long-term functional results of the orthotopic VIP neobladder and compare the outcome of the antireflux technique for ureteral implantation versus direct anastomosis. Patients and MethOds. Between 1998 and 2009, 84 patients underwent cystoprostatectomy and orthotopic VIP neobladder for invasive bladder carcinoma. 96 renal units were reimplanted using the Enine-Ghoneim antirefluxing technique (group 1). The direct Nesbit end-to-side technique for ureteral reimplantation was applied in 72 renal units (group 2). The mean follow-up period was 54 months (range, 10–154 months). Results Of the 96 renal units who underwent the Enine-Ghoneim technique, 12 (12.5%) had uretero-ileal anastomotic stricture and 4 (4.1%) had reflux. Of the 72 renal units who underwent direct anastomosis, 11 (15.2%) patients had reflux, 2 (2.7%) had uretero-ileal anastomotic stricture. The incidence of stricture formation in the Enine-Ghoneim technique is significantly higher than direct anastomosis. The incidence of reflux in preoperatively dilated ureters was significantly higher in direct ureteral anastomosis than antireflux technique. The incidence of stone formation, renal scaring and pyelonephritis was comparable in both groups. Conclusions Direct uretero-ileal anastomosis in orthotopic bladder replacement is more reasonable than the Enine-Ghoneim antireflux technique in non-dilated ureters. The benefit of the antireflux technique has been overestimated despite the frequency of stricture formation.


This study explores the effect on impulse buying of hedonic motivation for shopping, shooping lifestyle and price discount. In this type of non-probability sampling method used in the study, the collection of data using a questionnaire instrument is judgmental sampling to Lazada.co.id for as many as 100 consumers. With the assistance of the SPSS unit, the type of analysis used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study show that hedonic motivation for shopping, shopping lifestyle and price discount have a significant impact on the purchase of impulses on Lazada.co.id Online Shopping Consumers.


In computer vision, gradient-based tracking is usually performed from monochromatic inputs. However, a few research studies consider the influence of the chosen color-tograyscale conversion technique. This paper evaluates the impact of these conversion algorithms on tracking and homography calculation results, both being fundamental steps of augmented reality applications. Eighteen color-to-greyscale algorithms were investigated. These observations allowed the authors to conclude that the methods can cause significant discrepancies in the overall performance. As a related finding, experiments also showed that pure color channels (R, G, B) yielded more stability and precision when compared to other approaches.


In his article the author examines how and to what extent the anti-crruption measures from the Strategy of the Government in Combating Corruption have been successfully imlemented and what measures have not been taken and why. He also contemplates on the trends in anti-crruption measures in the next period taking into account the Strategy for the period 2010-2012.


The thesis of this paper is that Ontario's compulsory arbitration law was not subjected to a serious challenge in 1980-81. It was tested by workers who were unionized but in large measure unorganized.


The annual variations of some heavy metal concentrations, Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg were determined on tile day of spring tides in every month from May 1977 to April 1978 at eight stations in the Nagdong River downstream. Samples were taken at intervals of one or two hours from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. at each station. Annual ranges and means of concentrations of the heavy metals are as follows : aluminium 40.7-3700 ppb, 286 ppb; manganese 10.3-261.5 ppb, 80.8 ppb; iron ND-1237 ppb, 147.7 ppb; copper ND-30.9 ppb, 2.49 ppb; lead ND-29.9 ppb, 1.10 ppb; zinc ND-156.8 ppb, 5.61 ppb; cadmium ND-1.22 ppb, 0.09 ppb; mercury ND-0.37 ppb, 0.02 ppb respectively. In general, the contents of heavy metals except managanese and mercury were higher at the stations above station one, Kupo, though the ranges of the contents showed remarkable difference according to the sampling stations. Annual means of the concentrations of iron and manganese were exceeded already the desirable standards for industrial water and closed to the criteria of raw water for public supply. The values that over the criteria of raw water were sometimes found. Mercury concentration showed comparative high level such as ND-0.37 ppb in annual range but it was not over the environment criterion, 0.5 ppb. Aluminium, iron and mercury showed generally high values in summer period and other metals in winter period, through the patterns of seasonal variations were difference depending on the sampling stations and the kind of metals.


The objective of this research was to analyze the impact of Return on Asset
(ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Equity (ROE), Current Ratio (CR),
and Price Earnings Ratio (PER) towards stock return.
Sampling was done by purposive sampling method. The sample that is
used for this research were 11 companies that classified as basic industry and
chemical sector respectively from 2012 to 2016, published financial statements
ended December 31st and has been audited respectively from 2012 to 2016, used
Rupiah as currency respectively from 2012 to 2016, had positive earnings
respectively from 2012 to 2016, did not do share split and reverse split
respectively from 2012 to 2016, and stock always actively traded respectively
from 2012 to 2016. Data used on this research was secondary data which are
financial statements from Indonesia Stock Exchange and stock prices from Yahoo
Finance website. Data analysis technique for this research was using multiple
linier regression method.
The result of this research were (1) Debt to Equity Ratio has no impact
towards stock return, (2) Return on Equity has impact towards stock return, (3)
Current Ratio has no impact towards stock return, and (4) Price Earning Ratio
has no impact towards stock return.


: Tight-loose culture gives a new interpretation to cross-cultural differences by focusing on external social norms and punishment intensity. Culture exists in social norms which are an important factor to further guide human behavior. This paper mainly discusses the definition and theory of tight-loose culture, as well as the cutting-edge research results of tight-loose culture and socialization, organizational culture, personality, subjective well-being, prejudice and COVID-19, in order to provide some references for future research


This paper presents results of the effect of different bolt tightening sequences and methods on the performance of gasketed bolted flange joint using nonlinear finite element analysis. Bolt preload scatter due to elastic interactions, flange stress variation and bolt bending due to flange rotation and gasket contact stress variation is difficult to eliminate in torque control method i.e. tightening one bolt at a time. Although stretch control method (tightening more than one bolt at time) eradicates the bolt preload scatter, flange stress variation is relatively high. Flange joint`s performance is compared to establish relative merits and demerits of both the methods and different bolt tightening sequences.


The subject of this thesis report is a new concept design recommendation for Zodiac Aerospace with respect to better hygiene and cleanliness in aircraft lavatories during long haul flights.An integrated design research approach is taken to solve the issue of poor hygienic behaviour in the lavatory. This includes an analysis of the current standards and practices surrounding aircraft lavatories, a review of existing products, an analysis of relevant stakeholders, observational research onboard active flights and finally a concept design which aims to improve passenger hygiene. Research indicates that the small form factor of the lavatory makes it challenging for passengers to behave in a hygienic manner. The new design emulates the cubicle based layout of public restrooms, where wash basins are shared. Each lavatory increases in size by removing their wash basins and situating them in the cabin, where they are shared by passengers. Provision of separate lavatories for men and women enables the use of urinals for men and additional space for women and passengers with reduced mobility. Aircraft lavatories can be kept clean on long haul flights by creating new lavatory services and layouts which expand the space within the lavatory. Airlines can improve passenger hygiene and therefore satisfaction by providing lavatories which are larger and cater to more specific needs, such as standing and sitting urination. The new design is also of benefit to the process of manufacture and maintenance as it simplifies the existing product significantly and reduces the time it takes to clean and disinfect the aircraft between flights.


Data is one of the essential aspects in providing new information and new knowledge so that the data exploration process can provide policies on a decision for many sectors. Exploratory Data Analysis in this paper begins with collecting datasets contained on the Youtube digital platform. The dataset used was 30 samples found on the top page of youtube in each keyword. After conducting the Exploratory Data Analysis process, we found new learning content on the digital youtube platform. From the Exploratory Data Analysis that has been carried out, we also find different variations of the analysis's variables. The duration variable shows the result that the total duration of the overall duration in mathematics learning content that includes the Exact Science field is less than the psychology learning content included in the Social Science field. Meanwhile, the overall number of views on mathematics learning content is more than the number of views on psychology learning content. From the collecting dataset that we have made, showing a considerable number of views is undoubtedly the key to equitable distribution of information and knowledge for all users. More innovation and creating learning content are expected to encourage increased human development.


By calculating the kinetic and potential energies, applying Lagrangian mechanics, with the Euler-Lagrange equations, we obtained the equations that were used to analyze the pendulum motion of a mechanical system consisting of an arrangement of three rigid rods, two of them with equal mass m and length l, which behave like physical pendulums, which are joined by means of a third, a rigid rod of mass M and length L. In the latter, there is a square block of mass M a and length L a that can be moved freely on the horizontal rod. The block contains a granular medium that is dislodged over time, thus forcing the vertical rods to generate a peculiar vibrational motion. Finally, the system of equations of motion, by numerical methods was solved.


The title dihydrothiepinium salts (6) react with a wide range of N-, S-, Se-, O-, and C-nucleophiles to afford dihydrothiepin (5) and/or the corresponding bidentate ligands (7). The dual course of the reaction can be controlled by a judicious choice of the substrate counterion. In most instances, an iodide counterion aids formation of dihydrothiepins (5), whereas perchlorate, tetraphenyl borate, or tetrafluoroborate coun- terions favor formation of bidentate ligands (7). An explanation based on a competition between the counterion and the external nucleophile is provided. Dihydrothiepinium salts (6) are easily accessible from dibro- mide (R,S)-(4) via dihydrothiepin (R,S)-5. Individual enantiomers (R)- and (S)-(5) have been obtained by resolution on a preparative triace- tylcellulose (TAC) column ans assigned absolute configuration on the basis of CD spectra and chemical correlation


Many useful classes of graphs can in principle be recognized with finite batteries of obstruction tests. One of the most fundamental tests is to determine whether an arbitrary input graph contains K4 in the immersion order. In this paper, we present for the first time a fast, practical algorithm to accomplish this task. We also extend our method so that, should an immersed K4 be present, a K4 model is isolated. ∗ This research has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant CDA–9115428 and by the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014–90–J–1855. † A preliminary version of a portion of this paper was presented at the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, held in Kalamazoo, Michigan, in February, 1992. 1 Department of Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996. 2 Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA 92121. 3 LSI Logic Corporation, Waltham, MA 02451.


The interpreting of RCF scoring requires the standard RCF scoring system and the clinical decision, based on clinical dementia rate (CDR) by clinicians. The interpretation of RCF using clinical decision might not be accurate in the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia patients in comparison to the RCF scoring system. For this reason, a machine‐learning algorithm was used to demonstrate that scoring RCF using clinical decision was not as accurate as the RCF scoring system in predicting MCI or dementia patients from healthy subjects.


Introduction: Over the past 20 to 30 years, alternative dementia care models have been developed. Dementia villages challenge popular perceptions about life with dementia and contrast to the traditional model of long-term care facilities that are often seen as institutional, impersonal, and risk-averse. The first dementia village, De Hogeweyk, was developed in 2009 and is located in Weesp, Netherlands. Hogeweyk aims to create a safe environment, enabling the person with dementia to live an "ordinary life" with as much autonomy as possible and also maintaining integration with the local community. Other dementia villages have been established in several countries, following De Hogeweyk model. Objectives: The aim of this presentation is to describe the functioning of dementia villages and evaluate its benefits on dementia patients. Methods: A non-systematic review of the literature was performed on PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of science using selected keywords. We also consult the official websites of the institutions. Results: Dementia villages seem to improve functioning and reduce the need for medication. Anxiety, restlessness and homesickness can still persist, but are reduced by the homelike and hospitable setting in which residents live. In fact, antipsychotic medication use at the residence has decreased from approximately 50% of residents, before the dementia village was introduced, to approximately 12% in 2019. The staff also reported greater job satisfaction. Although dementia villages are growing throughout the Western world, this concept has also been criticized, arguing that this type of living is dishonest, misleading the residents to believe that they are still living in the 'real community'. Conclusions: Dementia villages are guided by the principles "deinstitutionalize, transform and normalize" care for people with advanced dementia. Although its intuitive advantages, there is no research evidence to demonstrate that this environment has any beneficial effect in behaviour, functional ability or cognition. In future studies, clinical outcomes could be used as a measure of quality of care. Hogeweyk concept has made societies rethinking dementia care and has been inspiring the development of other innovative models of dementia care.


Mersenne Primes belong to a special kind of primes,studing and searching them are most relevant to number theory.The road of searching Mersenne Primes is difficulty and tortuous,because the computing complexity of this searching is a challenge to morden computing power.Searching Mersenne Primes has made great progress with the development of Internet,special the world distributed computing technoligies which enable virtual orgnazations to share coputing resources.In this paper,we′ll introduce the recent progress of Mersenne prime search,give an overview of its history,and some distributed computing knowlege used for this project are presented.


The development of science and technology in various areas of human life leads to the fact that an increasing number of routine operations are automated. The construction industry is no exception, which is actively developing today with the complex introduction of digital technologies. This approach is embedded in the Construction 4.0 concept, which is directly related to Industry 4.0. The article provides an overview of Industry 4.0 technologies related to the construction industry, because of which technologies that are promising for integration have been identified in order to increase the efficiency and safety of construction production through the development of a remote-control system for a construction site.


Objective. To analyze the onco-epidemiological features of head and neck tumors within the competence of the otorhinolaryngological service across the regions of the Republic of Belarus.Materials and methods. The material for the study was data on 21,533 cases of malignant neoplasms of the head and neck (including laryngeal tumors) registered in the Belarusian Cancer Registry from 2009 to 2018.Results. Significant changes have occurred in the structure of the incidence of head and neck malignant neoplasms over the past decade. The leading positions are occupied by such tumors of visual localization as cancer of the oropharynx (14.9 %), the floor of the oral cavity (12.4 %), tonsils (11.4 %) and tongue (excluding the root of the tongue) (11.4 %), which are available for diagnosis during routine clinical examination.Conclusion. The analysis of newly diagnosed cases of malignant neoplasms depending on the localization has showed that regardless of the availability of otorhinolaryngologists and staffing levels, patients with primary manifestations of the tumor process are not timely referred to the health experts for morphological verification, which requires further organizational decisions on patient referral at different levels of health care and defining the role and scope of responsibility of subject-matter primary care specialists.


During the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the universal application of surgical masks on patients may help prevent exposure to healthcare workers.[1,2] After tracheal intubation under general anaesthesia, the production of airway secretions increases, and patients are more likely to develop a cough during recovery. Some reports recommend that a surgical mask must be applied to the patients in the operating room.[3,4] In this study, we aimed to investigate changes in arterial blood gases in patients wearing a surgical mask immediately post-extubation after general anaesthesia.


A rapid ultrasonic wave-assisted dansylation procedure was developed for the derivatization of cadaverine prior to HPLC determination. Cadaverine was quantitatively dansylated in 10 min using a ultrasonic power of 200 W and a operating frequency of 40 KHz .In this case, the excellent derivatising condition are determined as follows: pH of buffer, 9.5; concentration of dansyl chloride, 5 mg/mL; time of reaction, 10 min. This method is fast, reproducible and practical for the analysis of cadaverine.


Location awareness describes applications in computing and telecommunications, which alter their behaviour in dependence on the location of an entity, such as the user of an application, a person the user of the application wants to communicate with, or an object capable of changing a location. Such location presents a major category of context and it is derived by various methods of positioning. Over the past two decades, positioning has been a driving factor in the development of ubiquitous computing applications demanding such location information. Many devices and techniques have been developed; however, very few of them are actually used commercially. This is because the precision is limited to specific applications, and the availability limited to the provider of specific services. Obviously, to support efficient and effective development and deployment of innovative Location–Based Services (LBSs), namely, services able to deliver personalized location-aware content to subscribers on the basis of their positioning capability of the wireless infrastructure, a flexible middleware should be build as the enabling infrastructure. This work examines various systems of LBSs focusing on their architecture characteristics and the different governing platforms and technologies on which they are based. The goal is to contribute towards the development of an architecture that combines numerous individual positioning technologies to obtain more precise and more reliable results according to the various needs of the whole range of LBSs. The general concepts of these systems are discussed by presenting a first level of classification which depends on the positioning infrastructure namely, indoor, satellite or network-based configuration. Several specific LBS architectures are categorized by means of the various characteristics regarding the design and functionality of each one. Position is combined with spatial information so as to integrate a system of LBSs with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) or other location dependent information. Finally, to increase interoperability among the various systems and technologies, standardization and homogenization is also taken under consideration.


In the last few years, the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes have detected more than 40 blazars in the very-high-energy range (VHE, 100 GeV - 100 TeV). During their trip to us, the VHE photons undergo an energy-dependent absorption by scattering off the infrared/optical/ultraviolet photons of the EBL, which is produced by galaxies during the whole cosmic evolution. Actually, both the observed spectra and the emitted ones predicted by conventional VHE photon emission models have a simple power-law behavior to a good approximation. Surprisingly, the emitted slope distribution {{\Gamma}em (z)} distribution exhibits a correlation with z, since the associated best-fit regression line is a decreasing function of z, leading blazars with harder spectra to be found only at larger redshift. It is very difficult to imagine an intrinsic mechanism which could lead to this spectral variation within conventional physics, given the fact that neither cosmological evolutionary effects nor observational selection effects can explain it. Things are quite different in the presence of axion-like particles (ALPs). We show that photon-ALP oscillations occurring in extragalactic magnetic fields yield, for a realistic choice of the parameters, a {{\Gamma}em (z)} distribution whose best-fit regression line becomes amazingly redshift-independent -- indeed in agreement with the physical intuition -- and so the above problems disappear. This is evidently a highly nontrivial fact, which therefore provides preliminary evidence for the existence of ALPs. Moreover, a new scenario for VHE blazars emerges, wherein all values of {{\Gamma}em (z)} fall within a small strip about the horizontal best-fit regression line in the {\Gamma}em - z plane, and the large scatter of the observed values of the slope arises from the large spread of the blazar redshifts.


Background: Cervical cancer ranked as the most common cancer of women in developing countries. Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) belongs to the Papillomaviridea family, which is able to infect humans. Some HPV types are the causes of getting cervix cancer and it is clear that persistent infection, with a high risk HPV genotypes, is known to be a major carcinogenic factor. Objectives: Determining the HPV genotypes distribution in women with cervical cancer in Khuzestan province, which is located in the southwest of Iran, to help design better preventive and also therapeutic strategies for promoting women health. Methods: A total of 75 archival cervical carcinoma tissue samples were studied for the presence of HPV DNA and determination of the genotypes by PCR and Sequencing. Genomic DNA was extracted from the FFPE cervical tissues and then subjected for the PCR based amplification with subsequent direct sequencing of the HPV positive PCR products. Results: The mean age of patients was 56. There were 42 samples with HPV DNA by using GP5+ and GP6+ primers. The result of HPV genotyping have been distinguished as follow: 33 samples as HPV-16, 4 samples as HPV-18, 1 sample for each HPV-54, 56 and 58 genotypes, and 2 samples remained unknown. Conclusions: Detecting HPV genotypes absolutely shed light on guidelines cervical cancer screening and vaccination policy in our country and in other developing countries. Collectively, our results suggest that HPV-16 is the frequent high risk HPV type in our geographical area. HPV genotype testing, as a primary screening tool, plays an important role in cervical cancer prevention and therefore, it is a strongly recommended vaccination against HPV, especially for high school girls be included in the national immunization program.


Medical Economics recently convened a panel of leadership experts to discuss the future of medical schools and whether or not medical schools are preparing new doctors for the changes in the medical community.


Objective To explore the efficacy of transnasal continous positive air-way pressure (TCPAP) in treatment of neonatal respiratory failure.Methods Among 50 cases of neonatal respiratory failure(RF),23 cases were type I RF and 27 were type II RF.All patients were performed with TCPAP.Clinical symptoms and changes of PaO2 and PaCO2 before TCPAP,6 h and 24 h after TCPAP were observed respectively.Results Dyspnea and hypoxia in 50 infants treated with TCPAP improved in different degrees.PaO2 increased obviously(P0.01).PaCO2 decreased obviously in infants with type II RF(P0.01),however,PaCO2 had no changes in type I RF.Conclusion TCPAP can improve oxygen saturation and hypoventilation of type I and II RF.


Five clones (Macaquinho, Chines, Branco, Cem/Um, and Japones) and four populations (50,000; 65,000; 80,000, and 95,000 plants ha-1) were studied, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme arranged in a experimental randomized block design with three replications. Comparing final populations with the average population in the beginning of the experiment (72,500 plants ha- 1), it was observed that there were losses between 34,584 plants ha-1 of 'Cem/Um' and 14,375 plants ha-1 of 'Chines' clones. Total rhizome yield varied between 4.71 t ha-1 of 'Chines' and 2.65 t ha- 1 of 'Cem/Um'. Cormel yield was the greatest for the 'Branco' clone (2.82 t ha-1) and the smallest for 'Japones' (1.49 t ha-1), while yields of commercial cormels of 'Macaquinho' and 'Chines' clones increased with larger populations. KEY-WORDS: Colocasia esculenta ; Araceae; cultivar; plant density.


Abstract Main goals in this study are to analyse the effects of corporate identity management (CIM) on the employees' responses, and the moderating effects of two employee personality traits: proactive personality and resistance to change. Two hundred and ninety-three branch managers in the banking sector in Spain participated in the study, and their responses were analysed through structural equation modelling. Results show that organizational identification is a key variable to explain the CIM effects on employees' responses. Moreover, employees' proactive personality and resistance to change exert a moderating influence on the way identification leads to extra-role behaviours. Human resource practices should take into account that proactive employees are more prone to externalize their identification by spreading positive WOM. Besides, identification with the organization will lead to loyalty, especially in employees with low resistance to change.


Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS)is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by vascular (arterial tortuosity, aneurysms and/or dissections), craniofacial (hypertelorism, bifid uvula/cleft palate, craniosynostosis), and skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus); however, not all symptoms are always present in patients. Clinical features possibly overlap with Marfan syndrome, but the most characteristic feature of LDS is aggressive and widespread arterial aneurysms throughout the arterial tree, which needs frequent echocardiography or CT/ MRA examinations and early therapeutic intervention. LDS is best managed with a multidisciplinary team of specialists, including pediatric and adult cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, orthopedists and medical geneticists. The genes responsible for LDS are TGFBR1 and TGFBR2, and SMAD3 and TGFB2 are also involved in LDS-related phenotypes. These genes are all related to the TGF-β signaling pathway.


Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy of an oscillating‐rotating (O‐R) electric rechargeable toothbrush with a novel round brush head comprised of regular and tapered bristles in reducing plaque and gingivitis versus a manual toothbrush. Methods This was a randomized, examiner‐blind, parallel group, five‐week study. Participants with mild‐to‐moderate plaque and gingivitis received an oral examination and were evaluated for baseline plaque (Rustogi Modified Navy Index), gingivitis (Modified Gingival Index) and gingival bleeding (Gingival Bleeding Index). Qualifying participants were randomly assigned to the novel Oral‐B sensitive brush head (EB60) on an Oral‐B Vitality O‐R handle (D12) or an ADA manual toothbrush. Participants brushed twice daily with the assigned brush and a standard fluoride dentifrice for 5 weeks before returning for an oral examination and plaque and gingivitis evaluations. Results A total of 150 participants were randomized to treatment and completed the study (mean age = 45.7 years). Both brushes demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in number of bleeding sites versus baseline (P < 0.001). At Week 5, the number of bleeding sites was reduced from baseline by 11.15 (52.2%) for the O‐R brush and 5.04 (23.6%) for the manual brush. The treatment difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Significant reductions versus baseline (P < 0.001) were also seen for both brushes for MGI, GBI and Rustogi plaque measures (whole mouth, gingival margin and proximal), but the O‐R brush produced significantly greater reductions versus the manual brush (P < 0.001). Conclusion The O‐R handle and round brush head with tapered and regular bristles produced greater plaque and gingivitis reductions than the manual brush.


It is the primary goal in the reform of state -owned enterprises to establi sh modern enterprise system.The organizational transformation started in 1999,involving 242scien ce and technology organizations,wa s a sub-stantial step in national science an d technology system reform,transfe rring RD organizations into enterp rises,and thus closely combines science and te chnology with economy.Based on the a nalysis of characteristics unique t o science and technology tasks of national defense,the article argues that it will not influence the economic e ffects of these institutes to bear science and technology tasks in national defense.On the contrary,it can bring long -term economic profit to these institutes,so as to raise the potential values o f their talents,technology,and int angible property,etc.


There is an ever increasing demand for geospatial data and in recent years this demand has expanded from the 2D to the 3D realm. Certain applications using this data require the ability to rigorously propagate and predict the errors associated with these geospatial datasets. This includes errors associated with initial data collection, but also includes refinements made in post processing. To meet the community's needs, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the Air Force Aeronautical Systems Center initiated a program called the Community Sensor Model Working Group (CSMWG). The CSMWG maintains an application program interface (API) that standardizes the means for sensor exploitation tools to access physical sensor model methods without insight into the detailed and often proprietary mathematics describing the sensing system. Key methods relate a sensed object to the sensor parameters, assign a measure of precision to the transformation, and provide a means to adjust the parameters for data registration. To date Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) has not been fully integrated into CSM, even though lidar has become a primary collector for 3D data. As the quantity of lidar datasets has increased, the need to merge multiple lidar datasets and fuse them with other data has become prevalent. Maximizing the utility of lidar and fused products requires adjusting the lidar and/or the other data to improve the relative registration and possibly the absolute accuracy. Performing these adjustments in a rigorous manner requires precise physical sensor models. A Universal Lidar Error Model (ULEM) has been proposed to meet this need. This paper provides a high level overview of CSM and associated CSM functionality. ULEM is then presented as a method to meet CSM compliancy for lidar models; providing benefits during rigorous error propagation, block adjustment of lidar data and the fusion of lidar with other data types. Two potential ULEM implementation methods are presented, along with discussion on the potential necessity for multiple implementations. Sample results are presented from recent implementation of ULEM on existing systems. The paper concludes with a discussion of the current status and future direction of ULEM.


Energy efficiency gets increasingly important as ecological and political objective of industrial companies. In order to achieve this objective, several procedures and guidelines have been developed in the field of factory planning intending to raise energy efficiency by technical, organisational and structural measures. However, the potential of these measures is not fully utilized at present. To a great extent, this is caused by deficits within the economic evaluation of energy-efficient planning solutions, which lead to misjudging their economic efficiency. To meet these deficits, a life cycle costing approach for the economic evaluation of energy efficiency measures was developed. This approach is based on the dynamic methods of investment appraisal, especially the net present value method, as well as on a broad comprehension of the term "energy costs". The approach and its applicability are presented theoretically as well as by a case example in the area of intralogistics with special emphasis on the requirements of factory planning.


In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an integrated platform for Networked Virtual Environments. This platform called EVE-II is an enhancement of the EVE distributed virtual reality platform, supporting stable event sharing for multi-user 3D places, easy creation of 3D multi-user3D places, H.323-based Voice over IP services integrated in a 3D spaces well as many concurrent 3D multi-user spaces.


Practice swings are considered useful methods to increase one"s golf skills. A practice swing is a swing done without a ball. In this research, we investigate the differences between a real shot and a practice swing. Ten university faculty members, with a 18.10 average handicap, participated in this research. Time phase between events and club head speed for all events were calculated. Pelvis rotation angle, thorax rotation angle to the target, elbow"s flexion-extension angle, and left wrist cocking angle for all events were analyzed .Also, Left foot GRF and Right foot GRF were measured. For statistical analysis, the paired T-test was used. There was no significant difference in motion and tempo during the backswing phase. But real shots and practice swings were different during the downswing, especially at the middle of the downswing and the middle of the follow through. In the case of practice swings: cocking angle was smaller at the middle of the downswing and the middle of the follow through. The club head speed was slower at the middle of the downswing event, but similar at the impact event. Left foot GRF was smaller at middle of the downswing, and larger at the middle of the follow through.


This paper models the clock behavior in a sequential circuit by a quaternary variable and uses this representation to propose and analyze two clock gating techniques. It then uses the covering relationship between the triggering transition of the clock and the active cycles of various flip-flops to generate a derived clock for each flip-flop in the circuit. Design examples using gated clocks are provided next. Experimental results show that these designs have ideal logic functionality with lower power dissipation compared to traditional designs.


The study explores the role of viseme visibility in lip-reading Chinese vowel recognition for the hearing-impaired Chinese students.The results show that the shapes of the lips play an important role in lip-reading Chinese vowel recognition.The correct identification rate of /a/、/i/、/e/ in the non-circular bilabials is significantly higher than /o/、/u/、/u/ in the circular bilabials.The differences of the openings and the tongue's positions in the non-circular bilabials make almost no difference in identification,while significant difference exists in the circular bilabials.The results show that viseme visibility plays an important role in lip-reading Chinese vowel recognition.


Demand and price of marine fish are continuously increasing
in our domestic and export markets. Fish marketing system in India
is rapidly changing in recent years due to the vast improvement
in handling technology, transportation and consequent market penetration.
This paper deals with the fish marketing system prevailing
in India, price structure, marketing margins of commercially
important varieties offish and the share of fishermen as well as
middlemen in consumer's rupee at selected centres of Gujarat,
Maharastra, Karnataka, Kerala, TamilNadu and Andhra Pradesh
during 1996-97 by direct observation. The fishermen's share in
consumers' rupee varied from an average of about 30 to 68% for
different varieties. Marketing costs including transportation ranged
from 6 to 13%, wholesalers from 5 to 32% and retailers from 14 to
47% of consumers' rupee for different varieties of fish. Considerable
inter-state variation in consumers preference and fishermen's
share in consumer rupee for different varieties offish has been
observed. A few suggestions for the improvement offish marketing
systems have also been given.


Summary Semiannual type ratings by official inspectors from 1945 to 1956 were analyzed to show some changes occurring in Holstein females of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station from 6 mo. of age to the end of the first lactation. Ratings of 94 animals were grouped according to age, 6 to 18 mo. (yearlings), 18 mo. to freshening (2-yr.-olds), first lactation (first-calf heifers), and 6 mo. to freshening (nonadult) with each animal having two or more ratings in each period. Means of ratings decreased significantly with age from yearlings to 2-yr.-olds and from 2-yr.-olds to first-calf heifers. The correlation (0.16) between yearlings and first-calf heifers was not significant. Although significant, correlations between 2-yr. old and first-calf heifer ratings (0.41), and nonadult and first-calf heifer ratings (0.27), were also low. Eandom and confounded effects difficult to measure combined to account for from 45 to 54% of the total variation. Under the present rating systems, it does not seem practical to select for type at early ages.


The invention relates to superfine spherical graphite which is applied to a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. The average particle size of the spherical graphite provided by the invention is 5-8 microns, the length/diameter ratio is 1-2, the specific surface area is 9-11 m /g, the tap density is 0.6-0.92 g/cm , and the crystal interlamellar spacing d002 is 0.335-0.338 nm. The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing graphite micro-powder until the average particle size is 1-4 microns; subjecting the graphite particles to spheroidization so that the average particle size of the graphite particles is 5-8 microns; mixing the obtained graphite particles with mixed acid according to a proportion, reacting for 12 hours in an environment with a temperature of 100-150 DEG C, washing the material until the material is neutral; and finally, drying the obtained graphite particles to obtain the product. The spherical graphite provided by the invention is smaller in average particle size and good in degree of sphericity, so that the prepared negative electrode material of a lithium power battery is of rapid charge-discharge property and excellent cycle performance; and the preparation method provided by the invention is simple in preparation process, low in cost, and high in output and yield.


The Distance Learning Center at Troy State University is learning that you do not have to go the whole distance to reach an increasing number of learners. Troy State University is the third largest university system in the state of Alabama and has served Alabama teachers for over 11 decades. Teachers in the Troy service area are largely in rural parts of the state and are one to two hours away from any college or university that provides graduate or continuing education. Because of work and family obligations, these teachers find it hard to attend classes to advance and stay current in their professions. Finding the Need Superintendents throughout Troy's service area told the College of Education that they needed help immediately. Four hours round-trip on a weeknight was too much for teachers or their families to endure over a long period of time. Also, the teachers who spent long days at school during the week preparing lessons and supervising extracurricular activities found it hard to give up their weekends attending university classes for several years to earn advanced degrees. Troy's Distance Learning Center reacted and has worked with the TSU College of Education to provide high quality educational programs "enhanced by distance learning courses" to these teachers. As a result, class attendance time was cut by one-third in their degree programs. The process was started when Dr. Anita Hardin, Dean of the College of Education, conducted a needs assessment in one county. The assessment showed the need for early childhood and elementary education degree programs. The goal then was to start a pilot program in one county that could be used throughout the Troy State University service area in Alabama. The decision was made; Troy State was going to do this for the teachers and the College of Education took an approach that should be applauded. Primary Considerations and Questions to Resolve Distance learning and related technologies were not the first considerations in the development of this new program to reach teachers. The first determination made was need, and then consideration was given to a reasonable timetable that would satisfy that need with the delivery of a quality program. Course outcomes would need to be the same regardless of the delivery methodology. Teachers would need to complete learning activities with time for reflection and attention to the higher level skills they must have. So these became the prime considerations in developing the program. What schedule of courses needs to be offered to enable teachers who work full-time to complete their degrees? The decision was made that teachers who commit themselves to completing a master's degree should be able to do so in less than three years. This provided the starting point for program development after completion of the needs assessment. The next questions to be answered were: What degrees should be offered and what is realistic progression for the course work? It was determined that a cohort group would be established to complete master's degrees in either early childhood or elementary education. A three-year completion goal was with the first round of courses offered over a two-year period of time. All of the above provided the foundation for the development of the delivery methodology for the program. Integrating Distance Learning To Complete the Course Next, the College decided to limit the time students were required to be on campus by providing as many of the courses as possible via distance learning. They reviewed the course progression for the next two years to determine what courses would be most appropriate for online interactive delivery. It was determined immediately that it would not be possible to asynchronously provide all courses needed. Based on course outcomes and faculty availability, a determination was made as to the methodology that would be used for each individual course. …


National Key Basic Research Program of China (973) [2010CB732303]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21033006, 21373169]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities, China [IRT1036]


Abstract Over the last few years, a large number of researches have emerged and approached the use of mobile expert systems and other information management technologies in the area of intermodal container transportation and decision support. However, practitioner literature poorly analyzes the process of monitoring cargo transportation conditions, cargo information security and other important issues. The paper presents an emerging field of intermodal container transportation where the primary objective of the proposed mobile control system is to monitor cargo conditions during transportation in a real time manner and work as a decision support system. Also, the article evaluates potential risks involved in cargo transportation and therefore provides mobile cargo security assurance service. Computational results suggest using an optimum number of RFID and sensor readings to effectively manage the newly proposed elements of operation strategy in a conceptual strategy framework. The overall results indicat...


Detailed discussions are given to the problem of minimizing the theoretical wave resistance with special reference to the existence of the solution of the calculus of variation. Rigorous solutions are given to the integral equations which express the condition of the minimum wave resistance of strut-like ship forms with infinite draft under various side conditions. The solution determines the optimum shape of the water line. Optimum curves of sectional area of slender ships are calculated in a similar way. Resistance experiments are carried out with respect to the optimum forms, showing a good agreement with the theoretical result.


This paper presents the main results of air target imaging obtained by the authors within the frame of the MAPIS (MultichAnnel Passive ISAR imaging for military applications) project. These results have been obtained by processing the data collected during the MAPIS trials that were carried out in June 2017 in Livorno, Italy. The results presented in this paper represent a first attempt to image an aerial target by using a multistatic and multichannel passive radar system. The results obtained by processing the measurements have been supported by means of simulated data that faithfully reproduce the acquisition geometry.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of the application of general anesthesia surgery of foreign body of respiratory tract on aging children by the technology of high frequency jet ventilation.Methods Patients were subjected to bronchoscope to be offered high frequency jet ventilation after general anesthesia.Results 22 patients presented normal saturation oxygen with stable heart rate on whole procedure of general anesthesia.Conclusion The application of high frequency jet ventilation on correcting and defending hypoxia,which is involved in the general anesthesia of foreign body of respiratory tract showed good effect in aging children.


For the first time single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive pion production are measured by the HERMES experiment with a transversely polarised hydrogen target. Two different sine-modulations are extracted which can be related to the transversity δq(x) and Sivers\(f_{1T}^{ \bot q} (x)\) quark distribution functions. The extracted sine-moments still contain small sub-leading twist contributions which can be extracted from HERMES data combining the results from the transversely polarised hydrogen target with previously measured results from a longitudinally polarised hydrogen target.


The continuing value of seat belts is diminished if driving deteriorates following the switch to seat-belt use. UK statistics suggest that driving speeds have increased over the years since seat-belt legislation to the extent of more than nullifying the effectiveness of seat belts. In this paper, Fuller's learning model of road behavior is developed in conjunction with the perceptual phenomenon of "looming" as an alternative to risk formulations of behavioral adaptation. Looming acts as negative reinforcement for unbelted drivers, but not for belted drivers. Because it represents threat to life, negative reinforcement persists in its effectiveness; it will take some years for the loss of looming to affect fully the new seat-belt user's behavior. In addition, behavioral adaptation in motorists inevitably militates against the encouragement of environmentally-sustainable - but vulnerable - modes of travel, such as walking and cycling. If safety-related interventions are to be properly assessed, there must be adequate empirical data - obtained over a time-span which permits a full assessment of behavioral adaptation - in conjunction with a plausible theoretical framework in which the data can be interpreted.


A Paper on life after death in the early church should probably begin with the underworld: Sheol in the Hebrew Bible, Hades, in Greek mythology, with parallels in ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt and Persia. It should reflect on the universally connected theme of judgment and its importance for theodicy, and address the wide variety of beliefs discernible in the New Testament and its background, especially in the apocalyptic literature. It should consider the so-called intermediate state, and the supposed distinction between the Greek concept of the immortality of the soul and the Hebrew idea of resurrection: which takes us full circle, since the latter notion assumes the picture of shades in the underworld brought back to full-bodied living – as indeed the traditional Anastasis icon of the Eastern Orthodox tradition makes dramatically clear, Christ springing up from the grave and hauling Adam up with one hand and, often though not invariably, Eve with the other.


Seeds of aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Emi and Long Negro were produced over three seasons between 1988 and 1990 and stored at ambient (25±5°C) and low (5±2°C) temperature. In the absence of humidity control, seeds stored satisfactorily for 4 years at 25°C, whereas at 5°C a reduction in germination was observed after 1-2 years of storage. When storage time was extended to 7 years, there was a significant drop in germination capacity, although in some seed lots the percentage germination was still over 70%. It is concluded that under Mediterranean conditions and in the absence of humidity control, long term (>1-2 years) storage of aubergine seed should be carried out at ambient (25±5°C) rather than at low (5±2°C) temperature.


IntroductionAwell-functioning housing finance system will benefit the economy through prosperous real estate development, construction sector employment, more efficient resource allocation, and lower macroeconomic volatility.(1) In particular, as mortgages are essential to enhance buyers' purchasing power and expedite the path to homeownership, many countries have committed to financial innovations creating robust mortgage markets in the past decades. However, the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) around 2008 showed that while innovative financial products can help households achieve the dream of homeownership, they might have adverse effects on the housing and financial sectors and even on the overall economy.China is transitioning from a socialist central planned economy to a market economy, and both its financial and housing development are still in their early stages. This makes the development of the housing finance system more fundamental and more challenging than in market economies. Along with the flourishing housing development that began in the 1990s, the residential mortgage sector grew rapidly in the 2000s, becoming a financial engine for the housing boom. (2) In September 2014, the Chinese government proposed developing a secondary mortgage market with mortgage-backed securitisation (MBS) (3) to ease the capital shortage problem in the banking system and to reverse the housing downturn that began at the end of 2013. As the global economy remains in the shadow of the GFC triggered by problems in the subprime mortgage markets in the United States, many scholars doubt this strategy and pose several questions: Will MBS development lead to a similar economic crisis in China? Is China ready for the development of a secondary mortgage market under its existing institutions, norms, and regulations? And how is the role of housing justified in the overall socio-economic development?Updated studies on the Chinese mortgage system, particularly on the secondary market, remain a neglected aspect in the growing English literature on Chinese housing research. This paper tries to fill this gap through a comparative analysis of the current Chinese mortgage market with the markets before or in the early stage of GFC in some advanced economies that had seen the most prosperous development of the mortgage market but suffered most from the GFC. The purpose of the study is to inform market participants and policy-makers in China about the range of mortgage product offerings available in other countries, and to explore the potential and rigidities of development of the secondary mortgage market in China at present state.The development of housing finance in ChinaThe restructuring of the housing finance systemThe housing finance system before the 1980s was simple. Under the central planning regime, the private housing market and residential mortgage lending were absent. Housing was treated as a social welfare product funded and delivered by the government and its agencies (e.g., state-owned enterprises and housing bureaus). This institutional design put huge financial burdens on the government and led to insufficient housing provision nationwide. The average living space per capita decreased from 4.5 m2 in 1952 to 3.6 m2 in 1978, much lower than that in many other countries, e.g., 18 m2 in the United States, 15 m2 in Singapore, 13 m2 in Japan, and 13 m2 in the Soviet Union around 1978. (4)The economic reforms that began in 1978 restructured the housing system by privatising existing welfare housing and introducing a private housing market. The government adopted a variety of strategies to expand funding sources for housing to reduce dependence on the government for housing development. Housing savings banks and the Housing Provident Fund (HPF) were the major innovations in the 1980s and early 1990s.In October 1987, the first housing savings bank, Yantai Housing Savings Bank, was established in Shandong Province. …


A DNA-encoding strategy is reported for the programmable regulation of the fluorescence properties of silver nanoclusters (AgNCs). By taking advantage of the DNA-encoding strategy, aqueous AgNCs were used as signal transducers to convert DNA inputs into fluorescence outputs for the construction of various DNA-based logic gates (AND, OR, INHIBIT, XOR, NOR, XNOR, NAND, and a sequential logic gate). Moreover, a biomolecular keypad that was capable of constructing crossword puzzles was also fabricated. These AgNC-based logic systems showed several advantages, including a simple transducer-introduction strategy, universal design, and biocompatible operation. In addition, this proof of concept opens the door to a new generation of signal transducer materials and provides a general route to versatile biomolecular logic devices for practical applications.


Introduction: Corticosteroids are considered anti-inflammatory which considered the essential roles, as well as it reduces edema. Aim: To compare the efficacy of dexamethasone injection submucosally, intra-masseteric and intra-muscular on post-operative swelling, mouth opening and pain following removal of mandibular impacted third molars. Type of Study: prospective randomized comparative clinical study. Methods: The current study included forty-five patients with impacted mandibular third molars were selected to underwent surgical removal of mandibular third molars. Group I, comprised of fifteen patients who received pre-operative sub-mucosal 8 mg dexamethasone injection, Group II, comprised of fifteen patients who received pre-operative Intra-masseteric 8 mg dexamethasone injection and Group III, taking intramuscular dexamethasone injection, Postoperative assessment included: mouth opening, swelling as well as pain at the following intervals; 1st, 3rd and 7th day post-operative. Results: our study showed no statistically significant difference between mean MMO as well as VAS in Group I and II; both showed statistically significant higher mean MMO and VAS than Group III. Significant reduction in pain and swelling in both sub-mucosal, intra-masseteric and intramuscular but a greater immediate effect on trismus was seen in sub-mucosal and intramasseteric routes Conclusion: preoperative administration of dexamethasone has greater post-operative effects. Dexamethasone injected preoperatively was safe and simple effective method to reduce postoperative complications such pain, swelling and trismus.


Direct measurements of dispersion forces between a fused silica lens and a fused silica flat plate were carried out for a range of separations between 25 and 350 nm. At separations greater than 50 nm, retarded dispersion forces were observed, while at shorter distances a transition towards unretarded dispersion forces was detected. The value of the retarded Hamaker constant for fused silica was 1.05 × 10–19 erg cm, about twice the value predicted by the Lifshitz theory.


In this paper, we present numerical simulations to analyse the ability of sparse arrays to create an ultrasonic focused wavefront. Our results show that we can reduce the number of transducers and optimize their positions to obtain a well focused beam. The same software used with transducers located on a sphere allow to retrieve sirnilar results as those predicted by the mode1 of the closed cavity.


In order to improve the wettability and dispersion of carbon fibers in aluminium substrate, Ni-P-SiC coating was prepared on carbon fiber by electroless composite plating. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the coating were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties of the Ni-P coating and Ni-P-SiC coating were measured by single fiber electronic tensile strength tester. Oxidation resistance of the Ni-P coating and Ni-P-SiC coating were investigated by synchronous thermal analyzer. Results show that the tensile strength of Ni-P-SiC coating is weaker than that of Ni-P coating, while the shape parameter of Ni-P-SiC coating, m, is increased by 8.45%. The reliability of the Ni-P-SiC coating is improved. The temperature of largest exothermic peak of Ni-P-SiC coating is 130 °C higher than that of Ni-P coating, which indicates that the oxidation resistance of carbon fiber in Ni-P-SiC coating is significantly improved after electroless composite plating. Besides, the dispersion of Ni-P-SiC-coated carbon fibers in the aluminium substrate is significantly improved, decreasing the aggregation of carbon fiber. Ni-P-SiC coating effectively solves the problem of composition between carbon and aluminum substrate in high temperature.


The intermodulation measurements are used to study the nonlinear effects in high-T/sub c/ microstrip meander lines at microwave frequencies. The superconducting YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (YBaCuO) thin films were grown by laser ablation on both sides of lanthanum alumite substrates and the microstrip pattern was defined using photolithography. The meander line is elicited by two microwave signals from two sweep oscillators at both frequencies of 4.70052 GHz and 4.69952 GHz over temperature range of 19 to 86 K. The measured harmonic signals show a gradual decrease in transmission and disappear as the critical temperature is reached. As for the dependence on the input power the transmission (A) of the third-order harmonic signals at 19 K shows a linear dependence on the input power (P), A(P)=1.30P-61 in the range of 12.5-17.0 dBm.


Analysis of Sugar Puckers and Glycosidic Torsion Angles in a DNA G-Tetrad Structure by Heteronuclear Three-Bond J Couplings Guang Zhu,? David Live,*.$ and Ad Baxs Department of Electrical Engineering University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20874 Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics Program Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York 10021 Laboratory of Chemical Physics NIDDK/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Received May 23, 1994 As no homonuclear three-bond 1H couplings are available to define the glycosidic torsion angle, determination of this important variable in oligonucleotide structure has relied entirely on interpretation of NOE data. Accurate determination of sugar conformation in oligonucleotides remains difficult even when in addition to NOES the important information contained in homonuclear IH-IH J couplings1.2 can be obtained. Here we demonstrate that heteronuclear three-bond lH-W Jcouplings between sugar protons and either sugar or base carbons can readily be measured, providing important supplemental information for determining nucleic acid structure.24 The approach used in the present work is based on the concept of quantitative J correlationg.10 and is applicable even when the size of the heteronuclear J coupling is significantly smaller than the line widths of the pertinent resonances. In view of the current limitations with 13C labeling DNA, the viability of an experiment such as described below, which is applicable at natural abundance, is very appealing. This strategy can be extended to measuring heteronuclear couplings in a range of other molecules, including RNA, where the reduced 1H spectral dispersion and C3' endo sugar pucker frequently make measurement of 1H-lH couplings more difficult. Of course, the ability to isotopically enrich RNA and the ongoing development of techniques for labeling DNA can greatly increase the sensitivity of the long range JCH coupling measurement. Below we report the measurement of 3 J ~ ~ couplings for the unlabeled DNA oligomer, d(GGTCGG). Under the conditions studied, this fragment adopts a G-tetrad structure.11-12 It has been postulated that such structures are found at the ends of chromosomes, and variation in their length with age controls stability of the chromosome and longevity of the cell. A variety of possible molecular conformations consistent with four G residues hydrogen bonded in a plane have been postulated, e.g., chains parallel or antiparallel and bases syn or anti relative to the sugar."-21 In the model system studied here, the G1 and G5 previously were found to be syn and G2 and G6 anti.11J2


Recovery of water soluble, inorganic nutrients from the inedible portion of wheat was found to be an effective means of recycling nutrients within hydroponic systems. Through aqueous extraction (leaching), 60 percent of the total inorganic nutrient weight was removed from wheat straw and roots, although the recovery of individual nutrients varied. Leaching also removed about 20 percent of the total organic carbon from the biomass. In terms of dry weight, the leachate was comprised of approximately 60 percent organic and 40 percent inorganic compounds. Direct use of wheat straw leachate in static hydroponic systems had an inhibitory effect on wheat growth, both in the presence and absence of microorganisms. Biological treatment of leachate either with a mixed microbial community or the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus L., prior to use in hydroponic solutions, significantly reduced both the organic content and the inhibitory effects of the leachate. The inhibitory effects of unprocessed leachate appear to be a result of rapidly acting phytotoxic compounds that are detoxified by microbial activity. Leaching holds considerable promise as a method for nutrient recycling in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS).


The invention provides a compensation method for differential compaction in a seismic inversion process. The compensation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: finishing seismic inversion by utilizing well-shooting logging data in a work area and extracting a wave impedance planar graph; after carrying out detail correlation of a reservoir bed, counting depth difference data between a sample point coordinate and a sample point; deriving a wave impedance numerical value along a seismic interpretation layer in a numerical value format; establishing a corresponding relation according to x and y geodetic coordinates of the wave impedance numerical value and a geodetic coordinate of the sample point of the detail correlation of the reservoir bed to obtain a relational expression of increasing the wave impedance numerical value by increasing the depth; and carrying out calculation on wave impedance data derived by the relational expression for the second time to form a graph on a plane again so as to obtain a planar wave impedance vector graph after compensating the compaction effect. According to the compensation method provided by the invention, the change of the wave impedance value of a stratum, caused by lithological changes, is expressed to the greatest extent and data loss caused by partitioning a seismic body is avoided; and the compensation method has the characteristics of guaranteeing the integrity of the data, guaranteeing the working quality and the accuracy of the inversion and improving the working efficiency.


The adsorption of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and methyl cellulose (MC)onto the ZrO2 powders in aqueous solutions and the effect of the adsorption on the stability ofZrO2 suspension have been studied. The results show that (1) the isotherms of CMC are ofLangmuir type. The adsorption CMC molecules have an extended configuration under thenegative charges carried on the segments of the CMC molecules. The limiting adsorbed amountof CMC at pH 3.4 is larger than that at pH 7.0 because the attraction between positively chargedZrOz surface and negative CMC ions. (2) The limiting adsorbed amount of MC is much larserthan that of CMC, The adsorbed MC molecules have a coiled conformation, with a thickness ofthe adsorbed layer of 14-56nm depending on different pH. (3) At higher concentration of CMCand MC, the stability of the ZrO2 suspension is increased, and MC is better than CMC inenhancing the stability of the ZrO2 suspension.