The recent past has witnessed a predominance of robust empirical methods in natural language structure prediction, but mostly through the analysis of syntax. Wide-coverage analysis of the underlying meaning or semantics of natural language utterances still remains a major obstacle for language understanding. A primary bottleneck lies in the scarcity of high-quality and large amounts of annotated data that provide complete information about the semantic structure of natural language expressions. In this thesis proposal, we study structured probabilistic models tailored to solve problems in computational semantics, with a focus on modeling structure that is not visible in annotated text data. First, we investigate the problem of paraphrase identification, which attempts to recognize whether two sentences convey the same meaning. Our approach towards solving this problem systematically blends natural language syntax and lexical semantics within a probabilistic framework, and achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on a standard corpus, when trained on a set of true and false sentential paraphrases (Das and Smith, 2009). Given a pair of sentences, the presented model recognizes the paraphrase relationship by predicting the structure of one sentence given the other, allowing loose syntactic transformation and lexical semantic alteration at the level of aligned words. Second, we focus on the problem of frame-semantic parsing. Frame semantics offers deep linguistic analysis that exploits the use of lexical semantic properties and relationships among semantic frames and roles. We describe probabilistic models for analyzing a sentence to produce a full framesemantic parse. Our models leverage the FrameNet (Fillmore et al., 2003) and WordNet (Fellbaum, 1998) lexica, a small corpus containing full text annotations of natural language sentences, syntactic representations from which we derive features, and results in significant improvements over previously published results on the same corpus (Das et al., 2010a). Unfortunately, the datasets used to train our paraphrase and frame-semantic models are too small to lead to robust performance. Therefore, to obviate this problem, a common trait in our methods is the hypothesis of hidden structure in the data. To this end, we employ conditional log-linear models over structures, that are firstly capable of incorporating a wide variety of features gathered from the data as well as various lexica, and secondly use latent variables to model missing information in annotated data. For the paraphrase problem, our model assumes the presence of hidden alignments between the syntactic structures of the sentence pair, which while unknown during the training and testing phases, produce meaningful correpondence between the two sentences' syntax at inference time, as a by-product. For frame-semantic parsing, we face the challenge of identifying semantic frames for previously unseen lexical items. To generalize our model to these new lexical items, we adopt a stochastic process that assumes that a given semantic frame generates a latent lexical item, and the lexical item in turn generates the unseen item through a lexical semantic transformation process. Continuing with the theme of hypothesizing hidden structure in data for modeling of natural language semantics, we propose to leverage large volumes of unlabeled data to improve upon the aforementioned tasks. As an attempt to harvest raw data to boost semantic structure prediction, we intend to gather categorical and topical word clusters from a large corpus using standard clustering techniques that look at lexical and syntactic contexts around a given word. Inspired by recent advances in syntactic parsing (Koo et al., 2008) and information extraction (Miller et al., 2004; Lin and Wu, 2009), we propose to incorporate features based on these clusters in our existing models for paraphrase identification and frame-semantic parsing, hoping to resolve data sparsity to some extent


The purpose of this study was to examine English refusals produced by native speakers of English, Turkish, and Lao to determine if the non-native speakers' first language played a role in the formation of L2 refusals. The two groups of L2 English speakers followed the same general pattern as the native English speakers, with members from each group using an excuse, reason, or explanation most often when forming a refusal statement.  Males and females had different patterns of refusals, and pragmatic transfer seemed to have played a role in some cases.


Abstract : This test and evaluation covered the development of a Navy designed portable ground fault interrupter from breadboard to finished prototype. Testing included design review, bench testing, and environmental testing. Changes were made to the design along the way to improve or correct areas were problems were found. The final prototype version was tested in accordance with sections of MIL-STD-810E determined to represent conditions this equipment would be operated within. Results of this effort is a design that is ready for production with only minor changes to correct for problems found during final testing.


Objective To probe into the mechanism of Feixian Formula( FXF),a Chinese herbal compound,in prevention pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells( PMVECs) migration and angiogenesis in vitro. Methods PMVECs isolated from rat model of pulmonary fibrosis( PF) were cultured and divided into blank group,losartan group,prednisone group,low-,mid-,and high-dose of FXF groups.Migrating cells and new vessels in each group were counted. Results High-dose and mid-dose of FXF and losartan inhibited PMVECs migration significantly( P 0. 05). High-dose,mid-dose,low-dose of FXF and losartan inhibited formation of new vessels,even high-dose of FXF completely inhibited blood vessel formation. Conclusion The potential mechanism of anti-pulmonary fibrosis of FXF in vitro is related to inhabitation of PMVECs migration and new vessels formation.


In the curriculum for 2013, it is proposed that one of the objectives of teaching mathematics: learners is expected to have problem-solving ability. The teacher is expected to increase the sudents activation in the learning process, especially the development of the ability to solve mathematical problems. In this context, the purpose of this study is to create produce of learning devices (syllabus, RPP and LKPD) of grade VII set material using model PBL to facilitate the ability to solve valid and practical criteria problems. The development model was used a model 4D (define, design, develop, desseminate). The research uses an instrument that is the learning device validation sheet (syllabus, RPP and LKPD). Based on data analysis, it was concluded that the problemb based mathematics learning model is valid. The results of  83% validation of the syllabus in valid categories, RPP 88% and LKPD 88% in highly valid categories. The LKPD developed was declared practical in a small group trials with an average student response 72% in practice.


In 1530 or 1531 Thomas Alwaye, an otherwise obscure evangelical prosecuted by Wolsey and the bishops for buying English new testaments and other prohibited books, petitioned Anne Boleyn for intervention in his affairs in the following extraordinary terms: When extreme need began to compel me, right honourable lady, to make me friends by whose means I might be released out of my miserable thraldom, I could not find one in all this realm in whom I had any hope or looked for any comfort until your gracious ladyship came unto my remembrance. But anon I remembered how many deeds of pity your goodness had done within these few years, and that without respect of any persons, as well to strangers and aliens as to many of this land, as well to poor as to rich: whereof some looking for no redemption were by your gracious means not only freely delivered out of costly and very long imprisoning, but also by your charity largely rewarded and all thing restored to the uttermost, so that every man may perceive that your gracious and Christian mind is everywhere ready to help, succour and comfort them that be afflicted, troubled and vexed, and that not only in word and tongue, but even after the saying of St John.


The function of mutual coherence of the field and the mean intensity of partially coherent pulsed optical radiation scattered by an atmospheric layer have been calculated. It is shown that as the pulse duration decreases, the spatial coherence of backscattered radiation improves in comparison with the coherence of scattered continuous-wave (cw) radiation. In contrast to cw radiation, which scatters uniformly in the backward direction, the backscattering of pulsed radiation becomes nonuniform for shorter pulses, and for ultrashort pulse durations the backscattered radiation is localized near the strictly backward direction in the zone with transverse dimensions comparable with the initial size of the sensing beam.


Objective To study the genistein on the effect of proliferation and the iNOS expression of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells.Methods MTT was used to investigate the effects of genistein in breast cancer cell proliferation.Immunocytochemstitry and RT-PCR were used to observe the effects of genistein on iNOS gene expression.Results Genistein inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells significantly and increased iNOS protein expression.Conclusion Proliferatory inhibition of human breast carcinoma cells after being treated with genistein may be due to the up-regulation expression of iNOS.


With removal demand elevating after Katrina and Rita, Jon Khachaturian, president of Versabar, began designing a new heavy-lift system. Twelve months later, following model testing at Offshore Model Basin in Escondido, California, the patented Bottom Feeder was introduced.


Optimization algorithms are algorithms that aim to find the approximate best solution by sacrificing the global optimum. The Bonobo Optimization Algorithm examined in this study is an algorithm based on herd intelligence and is based on mathematical modeling of bonobos' social behavior and reproductive strategies. Bonobos form groups of various sizes and characteristics within the community they live in, leaving each other for different purposes and reuniting after a while. When the reproductive strategy of bonobos is examined, it is seen that they adopt four different strategies such as random mating, restrictive mating, consortium and out-group mating. These natural behaviors of bonobos have been used to solve various optimization problems. The most important feature that distinguishes the Bonobo Optimization Algorithm from other algorithms based on swarm intelligence is the update mechanisms of the search agents and the parameters associated with them, and the selection method of mating partners. In this study, the Bonobo Algorithm was examined and the results obtained by reproducing the random parameters used in the algorithm with chaotic maps were evaluated. It was analyzed in this study and reconstructed with the Chebyshev, Circle, Gauss, Iterative, Logistics and Tent chaotic maps used here. Eight quality tests were used for their performance. Accordingly, chaotic maps seem to be more efficient than classical BO from the results obtained from the new models.


The article studies the phenomenon of a composition school that in the history of culture was perceived as an importantcultural phenomenon requiring a thorough study. For many centuries, the history of culture and art was associated with the artists'desire to define and affirm their creative achievements in society. Creative activities have always played a significant role in society.A composer never limits himself to pure creativity but persistently implements his spiritual ideals in life attracting adherents andfollowers. At the same time, the very position of the artist in his environment depended on the historical and political circumstancesthat dictated the attitude of certain circles of society to art in general and towards the work of an individual artist (poets, sculptors,composers etc.) in particular
The aim of the article is to reveal the concept of a composition school as a normative-value system aimed at the formation and preservation of professional experience and to study its connection to a scientific school.


The major cause of mortality associated with breast cancer is the development of distant metastases to sites such as lung and bone. Approximately 70% of patients who die from breast cancer have evidence of metastases in the skeleton. The consequences of bone metastasis are always devastating. The clinical outcomes of severe pain, pathologic fractures, spinal cord and nerve compression, leading to hypercalcemia and acid/base imbalance severely diminish the quality of life. Once tumour cells home to bone, curative therapy is no longer possible in most patients and only palliative therapy is available. This emphasises the importance of understanding the mechanisms of primary tumour cell invasion and spread to bone, to be able to identify molecular drivers of bone metastasis as new therapeutic targets. Proteases are known to contribute to tumour cell invasion and angiogenesis and are commonly associated with metastasis. Recent studies in our laboratory support a role for cysteine cathepsin proteases in bone metastasis. Using our unique 4T1.2 syngeneic model of spontaneous bone metastasis, we identified the endogenous cysteine cathepsin inhibitor stefin A as a metastasis suppressor. Tumour cell expression of stefin A significantly reduced bone metastasis in the murine model. The fact that stefin A is a potent metastasis suppressor indicates that its targets, the cysteine cathepsins, have essential roles in distant metastasis.Of the cysteine cathepsins, cathepsin B was co-expressed with stefin A in primary tumours and metastases, suggesting that the mechanism of metastasis suppression by stefin A was through inhibition of cathepsin B. Cathepsin B is highly upregulated in a wide variety of cancers, including breast and prostate cancer and is linked to enhanced tumourigenesis. In this study, using the 4T1.2 spontaneous bone metastasis model, we evaluated the function of cathepsin B in bone metastasis and the potential of selectively targeting this protease as a novel therapeutic. Cathepsin B was abundant in 4T1.2 mammary tumours and matched spine metastases, mimicking that of the human disease. We have demonstrated a critical function for tumour-derived cathepsin B in bone disease. Stable knockdown of cathepsin B in tumour cells significantly reduced collagen I degradation in vitro and bone metastasis in vivo. Additionally, use of a highly selective cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074 significantly reduced metastasis to lung and bone, a reduction that was not observed when using a broad spectrum cysteine cathepsin inhibitor. This study reveals the pro-metastatic role of cathepsin B in distant metastasis and the therapeutic benefit of its selective inhibition in a murine model of breast cancer.


The study was designed to determine what model(s) is (are) practiced, to determine the tree species preferred by people for agroforestry, to identify the problems being encountered by farmers. The study revealed that, adaptation of Agroforestry practice in Tsafe Local Government is up to 88.75% and only11.25% are not into the system. Also by looking into the determined rate of Agroforestry model in the study area, Agrosilvicultural is highest Agroforestry model system which constituted 76.8%, silvopastoral system (4.9%), Agrosilvopastoral system (16.2%) and others have the minimum of 2.1%. 64.8% of respondents intercropped their arable crops with fruit bearing tree. Maize and rice are the major food crops grown in the study area. The study area is faced with inadequate funds (31.0%), poor government intervention (38.0%) and lack of awareness and education (20.4%). An agroforestry system can be considered as a type of land use that is specific to a locality and described according to its biological composition and arrangement, level of technical management as social-economic features. It is recommended that government should provide Agroforestry regulatory policies, means of enlightenments, incentives and supports to improve the practice.


The purpose of this article is to present a specific approach to the practice of action research 'in complex organisations'. Clearly, there are many approaches to the challenge of doing action research in organisations; approaches that are, and also must be, quite context dependent and specific. But my purpose is neither to give an overview nor a recommendation of how action research is or should be done in complex organisations by different schools of action researchers around the world. The approach I will present has grown through practical experience accumulated over many years with doing action research in many different Norwegian organisations with organisational change and development as the specific objective. I will limit myself to an outline of this Norwegian context, and to how I and others have worked specifically with organisational learning both practically and theoretically within or in relation to a broad Norwegian or Scandinavian approach to action research and organisation development represented by many individuals.


This invention relates to muramyl-peptide type compounds fixed on peptide polymers. The compounds according to the invention consist of a polymer comprising a chain the links of which are amino acid residues corresponding to the amino acid group consisting of alpha, gamma -diaminobutyrique, ornithine, lysine, homo-lysine, the side amine functions can also wear peptide branches whose links correspond to the residues of alanine, glycine, alpha -aminobutyric acid, valine, leucine or proline. The molecular weight of this polymer is 50 000 to 250 000. muramyl peptide units are attached to said polymer. The first two amino acid residues linked to the muramyl group are stereo-isomers of the D series, and the second has the glutamic acid structure. The compounds according to the invention are especially useful because of their anti-infective properties for the preparation of medicaments.


A video processing device includes an input to receive pixel values for a set of pixels comprising a pixel window substantially centered around a select pixel that initially has a first pixel value. The video processing device further includes a first filter unit to determine a horizontal transient improvement value based on non-linear filtering of the pixel values in a horizontal direction, a second filter unit to determine a vertical transient improvement value based on non-linear filtering of the pixel values in a vertical direction, a third filter unit to determine a first diagonal transient improvement value based on non-linear filtering of the pixel values in a first diagonal direction, and a fourth filter unit to determine a second diagonal transient improvement value based on non-linear filtering of the pixel values in a second diagonal direction that is perpendicular to the first diagonal direction. The video processing device also includes an output to provide a second pixel value for the select pixel, the second pixel value based on the first pixel value, the vertical transient improvement value, the horizontal transient improvement value, the first diagonal transient improvement value, and the second diagonal transient improvement value.


Resilience in happy: The of resilience A longitudinal Efficacy of anger management training on ... Effectiveness of anger management and ... [39] Study of relation between life quality The stress of war is not limited to the wartime period, but also triggers chronic and acute reactions after the war, characterized by psychological and physical damage. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of anger management training on resilience, happiness and general health of veterans' sons. The research was quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest with case and control groups. The number of samples required for this study was 30 male students of the veteran child of the second high school of Shahed school in Kerman in 2018, in which 15 people were randomly assigned to the case group and 15 to the control group. Anger control training was conducted for 12 sessions in the case group. To collect the required data in both pre-test and post-test stages, 4 trait-anger expression questionnaires (STAXI-2), Conor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (C-DRS), Patterson Happiness Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire were used. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS 23 software. There was a significant difference between case and control in terms of resilience, happiness and general health the independent variable management (p<0.001), so that the effect of anger control on resilience variable 41% and general


Objective: to test the hypothesis that PROMPT reduces permanent brachial plexus palsy and perinatal tears. Design: prospective / retrospective cohort study. Setting: Hanover Medical School, Germany. Population / Sample: a self-selected population. Methods: training period November 9 th 2017 until 31 st December 2019, control January 1 st 2004 until November 8 th 2017. Main outcome measures: shoulder dystocia, non-permanent and permanent brachial plexus injuries (BPI), perineal tears III ° / IV ° , manual manoeuvres, and asphyxia. Results: there was a total of 22,640 births, shoulder dystocia increased from 48/18.031 (0.27%) to 23/4.609 (0.50%) (p=0.017), OR 1.88, 95%-CI [1.14


Pam Cooper, David Gray, Fiona Russell and Sandra Stringfellow are Clinical Nurse Specialists; John Timmons, Melvyn Bertram, Kristine Duguid, Gail Pirie and Evelyn Quinn are Tissue Viability Nurses, all at the Department of Tissue Viability, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Wound care practice can be difficult to monitor due to the complex nature of wounds, the patients, the variety of dressings, and the number of staff involved. Applied Wound Management (AWM) and the three wound healing continuums provide a simple audit tool to collect data on a daily basis, which can be analysed over time allowing performance to be monitored and compared with data from other time periods or with other clinical settings. This paper demonstrates that keeping records of patient numbers, presenting conditions and healing rates can be invaluable when discussing staff training, staffing levels and the work involved in caseloads.


This article explores the concept and process of professional socialisation in nursing from a mental health student's perspective, while highlighting the impact of negative professional socialisation in clinical practice today. Nurses may believe that the term 'professional socialisation' simply means skills acquisition, however, it is a complex concept. This article provides definitions and the concept and process of acquiring a nursing degree in the UK will be explored. It also highlights the need for complementary efforts (from both academic and clinical mentors) to promote positive professional socialisation. There is a need for the development of mechanisms that enrich individual students' personal values in tandem with the competency framework. A concept mapping approach has been adopted to discuss professional socialisation in the context of the author's experience in both university and clinical environments, highlighting the need to propagate student-centered learning.


In this paper, we proposed a new classical conjugate gradient method. The global convergence is established using exact line search. Numerical results are presented based on number of iterations and CPU time. This numerical result shows that our method is performs better than classical CG method for a given standard test problems.


Recognizing complicated biclusters submerged in large scale datasets (matrix) has been being a highly challenging problem. We introduce a biclustering algorithm BicGO consisting of two separate strategies which can be selectively used by users. The BicGO which was developed based on global optimization can be implemented by iteratively answering if a real number belongs to a given interval. Tested on various simulated datasets in which most complicated and most general trend-preserved biclusters were submerged, BicGO almost always extracted all the actual bicluters with accuracy close to 100%, while on real datasets, it also achieved an incredible superiority over all the salient tools compared in this article. As far as we know, the BicGO is the first tool capable of identifying any complicated (e.g., constant, shift, scale, shift-scale, order-preserved, trend-preserved, etc), any shapes (narrow or broad) of biclusters with overlaps allowed. In addition, it is also highly parsimonious in the usage of computing resources. The BicGO is available at https://www.dropbox.com/s/hsj3j96rekoks5n/BicGO.zip?dl=0 for free download.


Piperidones belong to an important class of heterocycles which are found to possess a variety of biological activities including cytotoxic and anticancer properties (Dimmock et al., 1990, 2001). Derivatives of piperidones have also attracted wide attention from chemists and biologists due to their predicted mode of interaction with cellular thiols, with little or no affinity for the hydroxy and amino groups found in nucleic acids (Baluja et al., 1964; Mutus et al., 1989). Recently, we have determined the crystal structures of some piperidinone derivatives with varying substituents on the phenyl rings of the piperidone, namely 4-chlorophenyl (Suresh et al., 2007a) and p-tolyl (Suresh et al., 2007b). As an extension of our work, the structure of the title compound, (I), is reported here.


ABSTRACT The distribution of permeability and chemical character of groundwater in carbonate aquifers is significantly influenced by the many diagenetic processes and reactions that occur in the early development of these rocks. Many of these diagenetic processes occur in the transition zone formed as the carbonate sediments emerge from the marine environment and become fresh-water aquifers. Analyses of trace elements and isotopes indicate that calcite cements and dolomites are formed in this groundwater mixing zone. Reverse reactions such as mineral dissolution and dedolomitization occur in carbonate aquifer systems. The geochemical reactivity of the fresh-water/salt-water mixing zone results from the nonlinearity of geochemical parameters as a function of ionic strength and causes extensive dissolution in coastal carbonate rocks. Interpretation of geochemical reactions and isotopic composition of groundwater provides a method to determine hydrological parameters such as porosity, hydraulic conductivity,...


Abstract After their formation, and for almost 0.5 Gyr, Mars and Earth evolved in the same manner. On Earth, life occured very early, around 3.6 Gy ago. Then, the hypothesis that life might have occured also on Mars, and be extinct, is not unrealistic. If this is true, then complex molecules could be present, representing an early state of life-building blocks. Missions to Mars (Viking 1-2, Phoenix) have carried instruments capable to search for molecular indicators, although up to now, no positive detection has been obtained. Future missions to Mars (MSL-NASA, Exomars-ESA) will use enhanced experiments to try to end this quest.


The receiver performance degradation is a serious problem in time-variant,deep fading channels with high power echoes and long channel delay.A demodulation method for space frequency coded transmit diversity was developed based on the digital television terrestrial multimedia broadcasting(DTMB) system to solve the problem.The traditional space frequency decoder uses the orthogonal inverse matrix with the assumption that the adjacent sub-channel responses in the frequency domain are similar,which is no longer valid in deep fading channels.The proposed space frequency decoding method works without the assumption mentioned above.Both theoretical analysis and computer simulation show that the method can effectively improve the receiver performance in fading channels with strong frequency selectivity.


Several different techniques including lasers have been used for gingival depigmentation to date. The diversity of the wavelengths, application methods, and settings used in laser treatments has necessitated the development of application standards that meet the biological requirements of the tissues while ensuring the esthetic effects of the used methods. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate the tissue effects of lasers with wavelengths of 445, 940, and 2780 nm and various laser settings by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal laser microscopy. Fifty-four dark pigmented gingival biopsy specimens were randomly divided into 9 groups and treated using a 445 nm diode laser (200-400 mW, 320 µm tip, continuous wave [cw], non-contact mode), 940 nm diode laser (600-800 mW, 400 µm tip, cw, contact mode) or 2780 nm laser (1.5-2.5 W, MC3 chisel tip, 30 Hz, 30% air, 40% water, contact mode). Every setting was repeated in 5 depigmentation procedures. The treated gingival samples were examined using the CIRRUS OCT 5000 device (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Germany) and the laser confocal microscope Olympus LEXT OLS5000 (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) immediately after laser irradiation. All examined wavelengths could effectively remove gingival melanin pigmentations. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2780 nm) was especially effective and safe for gingival depigmentation because of its very thin effective laser trace and power range between 1.5 and 2.0 W together with the continual scanning movement of the laser tip, which yielded optimal depigmentation for gingival tissue. With the 940 nm diode laser, the effective power range that did not involve damage to the lower structures ranged between 600 and 700 mW, cw, with continual movement of the laser tip. Moreover, non-contact application of the 445 nm laser using only 200 mW power in the continuous mode appeared to be a promising method for gingival depigmentation.


Abstract : Efficient, reliable data is necessary to make informed decisions on how to best manage aging road assets. This research explores a new method to automate the collection, processing, and analysis of transportation networks using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Computer Vision technology. While there are current methodologies to accomplish road assessment manually and semi-autonomously, this research is a proof of concept to obtain the road assessment faster and cheaper with a vision for little to no human interaction required. This research evaluates the strengths of applying UAV technology to pavement assessments and identifies where further work is needed. Furthermore, it validates using UAVs as a viable way forward for collecting pavement information to aid asset managers in sustaining aging road assets. The system was able to capture road photos suitable for semi automated Pavement Condition Index (PCI) processing, however the algorithm resulted in a maximum F-Measure of 40%. This result is low and indicates the algorithm is not sufficient for fully automated PCI classification. Accurately detecting road defects using computer vision remains a challenging problem for future research. However, using Autonomous UAVs to collect the data is a viable avenue for data collection, theoretically faster than current methods at freeway speeds.


Several comparative studies on negative and interrogative sentences in English and French have shown that French texts contain more negative and interrogative forms than English (Pons-Ridler, Quillard 1992 and 1993). This difference came from socio-cultural as well as linguistic factors. If such socio-cultural factors are significant one would expect that they would be reflected in North American writings such as publicity. This study examine publicity in France and in francophone Quebec, and shows that while the former uses negatives and interrogatives, Quebec publicity uses exclamation marks and suspension points. It is well known that the anglophone milieu has influenced Canadian French in various aspects of morphology, syntax and semantics ; but this study illustrates that the very way of thinking has been influenced, and is reflected in the different formats used for publicity as well as argumentative strategies


Enterprise outsourcing has emerged as a not unusual exercise in India as corporations' appearance to cut charges and increase efficiency. The outsourcing of business sports has a substantial impact on the corporate actual estate marketplace in India. This research topic pursuits to research the effect of commercial enterprise outsourcing on company real estate in India. The study will observe the factors that affect outsourcing decisions, how outsourcing sports influence the demand and supply of commercial actual estate, and the ensuing influences on condo prices, emptinesscosts, and assets values.The literature evaluate will discover the concept of outsourcing, its records, and the reasons why groups outsource. it will also observe the results of outsourcing on the economy and the real estate zone in India.


Significance Overflow metabolism, referred to as the Crabtree effect in yeast, is the seemingly wasteful strategy of using aerobic fermentation instead of the more efficient respiration for energy generation. This allows cells to grow faster at high glucose availability. Although well-studied, the underlying reasons that not all yeasts experience the Crabtree effect while still able to grow at comparable rates as yeasts exhibiting the effect, are not known. We combined physiological and proteome quantification with metabolic modeling to perform a quantitative comparison of four yeasts, two exhibiting and two not exhibiting the Crabtree effect, under glucose excess conditions. Our analyses provide insight into the underlying causes of the Crabtree effect, demonstrating a coupling to adaptations in both metabolism and protein translation. Aerobic fermentation, also referred to as the Crabtree effect in yeast, is a well-studied phenomenon that allows many eukaryal cells to attain higher growth rates at high glucose availability. Not all yeasts exhibit the Crabtree effect, and it is not known why Crabtree-negative yeasts can grow at rates comparable to Crabtree-positive yeasts. Here, we quantitatively compared two Crabtree-positive yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and two Crabtree-negative yeasts, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Scheffersomyces stipitis, cultivated under glucose excess conditions. Combining physiological and proteome quantification with genome-scale metabolic modeling, we found that the two groups differ in energy metabolism and translation efficiency. In Crabtree-positive yeasts, the central carbon metabolism flux and proteome allocation favor a glucose utilization strategy minimizing proteome cost as proteins translation parameters, including ribosomal content and/or efficiency, are lower. Crabtree-negative yeasts, however, use a strategy of maximizing ATP yield, accompanied by higher protein translation parameters. Our analyses provide insight into the underlying reasons for the Crabtree effect, demonstrating a coupling to adaptations in both metabolism and protein translation.


In this paper,the VAR model,impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis,the effect on the economic growth of China's fiscal policy and monetary policy analysis,results show that the expansionary fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth in the short term,but long-term economic suppression;expansionary monetary policy in the short-term impact on economic growth than fiscal policy,but in the long term can be seen as neutral.


Studies on fertility in Africa have known a major paradigm shift when demographic concerns about 'overpopulation' came to be replaced by new ideas about reproductive health, rights, and choices during the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD). Whereas this shift has allowed for more recognition of losses during pregnancy which had been virtually absent in previous demographic accounts of high fertility rates, the new discourse on rights and choices turns most of its attention to induced loss. Losses that spontaneously occur remain merely bound to the medical realm. Yet this paper shows that for many women in Africa and elsewhere, spontaneous pregnancy loss is a daily life reality which is inherently related to many social affairs, i.e. life and death, illness and suffering, marriage and kinship, the body and personhood. The rather reductionist biomedical discourse prevalent in the global health arena largely ignores these themes and social complexities e thus causing a gap between health policies and daily life realities for women. Drawing on eleven months of anthropological fieldwork in Cameroon in 2004 and 2008, this article explores the way in which socio-cultural insights could contribute to a better understanding of the experiences of women coping with pregnancy loss. The notions of 'vital conjunctures' and 'social bodies' will form an alternative approach to decision-making in case of reproductive mishaps. By applying these concepts to the personal story of an informant, their relevance and contribution to an interdisciplinary discussion on the topic become clear. The author argues for an integration of anthropological expertise in international reproductive health debates and explores how interdisciplinary work could make health policies on reproductive loss less marginal than is the case at present. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The characteristics of the earthquake disasters and minority nationality regions in Qinghai province are analysed, and the earthquake resistance countermeasures and the disaster reduction in this area are also discussed in this paper.


The cost of providing hands-on environments for reinforcing Computer Science concepts forces many educational institutions to prioritize the courses and topics that get specialized computer lab support in light of funding and facility constraints. A modular solution to this problem provides a dynamic environment that can be used for a multitude of purposes and evolves over time, as funding is made available.


n-Butyl acetate Ce(IV) phosphate, a new Hg(II) selective, intercalated fibrous ion exchanger, has been synthesized and characterized by its ion exchange properties, thermal stability and adsorption behaviour for metal ions, X-ray, IR, TGA/DTA and SEM studies. Effect of surfactants on the adsorption behaviour of the material has also been studied. The exchanger has been found to be selective for Hg(II). Hence, it can be utilized for the separation of this metal ion from other heavy metals from aqueous media. Studies on the effect of surfactants on the adsorption behaviour of this material show that for heavy metals ion, the adsorption increases with the concentration of anionic surfactants up to the CMC value and then decreases. But, for cationic surfactants, the reverse is true. For non-ionic surfactant, adsorption remains constant up to the CMC value and then increases. For alkaline earths, the exchanger shows the same trend as above for cationic and non-ionic surfactants. However, for anionic surfactants, it is constant throughout the whole concentration range.


Despite the fact that Indonesia is a vast country with thousands of islands and more than 250 million citizens, its tourism figures are middling at best. Since country political reform in 1998, political unrest, a handful of terrorist attacks, and the resulting negative press in the middle of the last decade resulted in plummeting numbers of incoming tourists. While regional neighboring rivals such: Thailand and Malaysia, due to geography size less than half the size of Indonesia, get more than twice the international tourists each year. Even, compare to Singapore, a city state, but has stronger figures to attract foreign tourists significantly. Thus, to counteract its disappointing showing, Indonesia has gone into tourism-upgrade mode. The country has angled to rebrand itself as a more attractive desirable destination by coining the new slogan of 'Wonderful Indonesia,' and promoting MICE (meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions) tourism and eco-tourism. Indonesian Ministry of Tourism is attempting to diversify the tourism market to reduce dependence on Bali, which is by far the country's most popular vacation destination. In 2010, there were 2.49 million foreign visitors to Bali, almost one third of Indonesia's total visitors. Indonesia has so much to offer but there are still many remote areas that need to be developed. The best way to develop them is to support 'the eco-region model,' and set up 'eco-playgrounds' for everyone to enjoy (Henky Manurung, Deputy Director of the Tourism Investment of Indonesian Ministry of Tourism). There are signs of progress, and Indonesia has bounced back from the dismal figures of the first half of the past decade. From a low of 4 million international visitors in 2003, the country recorded a record of 7.6 million in 2010. However, that's still a far cry from neighbor Malaysia's 2010 influx of 24.5 million people. This research paper attempted to describe and analyze on how Indonesian tourist destinations foreign investments, so tourists will come to feel Indonesia's rich tapestry of archipelagic islands, cultures, cuisines, languages, and local traditions. International visitors to Indonesia through entire entrances in July 2014 amounted to 777.210 international visitors or an increase of 8.28% compared to July 2013 with the amount of 717.784 international visitors. Cumulatively, international visitors to Indonesia through entire entrances in January until July 2014 reached 5.328.732 international visitors or an increase of 9,37% compared to January until July 2013 with the amount of 4.872.262 international visitors. Based on Ministry of Tourism data, investment realization on tourism in 1st Quarter 2014 is US$255.99 million, increased 114.68%, compare to 2013, US$119.24 million. In 2014, foreign investment is US$243.03 million, and domestic investment is US$12,956 million. These investments mostly cover on hotel and restaurant services; short stay accommodation; retail business; and special occasion catering. Strategically, in competing with other Southeast Asian nations attractive visiting places, Indonesian government must improve and win tourist destination infrastructure facilities continuously in order to challenge ASEAN Single Market 2015, as national resources sector's share of the economy has fallen over the past decade.


Latin American governments, social movements, and regional organiza tions have made a far greater contribution to the idea and practice of in ternational human rights than has previously been recognized. Most discussions of the global human rights regime stress its origins in the coun tries of the Global North. This article explores the role of Latin America states as early protagonists of the international protection of human rights, focusing in particular on the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man. Histories of human rights in the world emphasize the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, passed by the UN General Assem bly on 10 December 1948, as the founding moment of international human rights. Few know that Latin American states passed a similar Amer ican Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man a full eight months be fore passage of the UDHR. The American Declaration thus was the first broad enumeration of rights adopted by an intergovernmental organiza tion. This article explores the American Declaration as an example of often overlooked Latin American human rights protagonism that has continued to this day, and that calls into question the idea that human rights origi nated in only the Global North. KEYWORDS : American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, history of human rights. AS THE DISCIPLINE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IS MOVING AWAY FROM THE study of "international relations" and toward the study of "global gover nance," it has generated a greater interest in the social construction of what is to be governed—that is, how a problem becomes defined and gets placed on the agenda. 1 Scholars looking at who sets the global human rights agenda often argue that attention to human rights issues is the result of the dominance of power ful states. Others argue that Northern-based nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) continue to be powerful gatekeepers who frequently block or reshape issues from NGOs and social movements based in the Global South. 2 Scholars of diffusion suggest that ideas and policies often diffuse vertically from the Global North to the Global South via processes of coercion or emulation. 3


A powder injector comprises an injector with a needle, an injector cylinder and a reagent bottle which is divided into two chambers, and a sealing device is arranged on the bottle mouth and the chambers. The papilla part of the injector cylinder is inserted into the jamming hole of the sealing device of the bottle mouth, and the needle of the injector cylinder is arranged in the outer chamber of the reagent bottle, and a safety device preventing the relative movement of the injector cylinder and the double ventricular bottle is arranged therebetween. The adoption of double ventricular bottle can make the powder injector have the advantages of simple structure and low cost, and solves the problems of the present technology of many components and high cost, and is good for popularization. In application, once the safety device between the injector cylinder and the double ventricular bottle is broken, the injector cylinder can be pushed to insert the needle into the inner chamber of the double ventricular bottle, then the pushing rod of the injector cylinder is pushed to mix the liquid formulation and the powder, thus to complete injection.


Abstract. After hearing about the level of understanding about the learning material in Cardiovascular Block 2.2 yesterday, I still found that there were many students who were exposed to the short semester due to various things both from the external and internal conditions of each individual. entering class and learning about material that has been effectively conveyed, as well as from teaching staff who may still lack mastery of the class field and lack knowledge of the characteristics of each student, and that all affect the level of understanding students will master the block 2.2 material yesterday and lead to IP scores which is not good


To construct concrete slab track and assure minimum maintenance, it is necessary to have a densely compacted embankment, taking into account the specific nature of the fill material and the structure. An embankment reinforced with nets of polyethylene has been developed to achieve this. The nets are laid horizontally at 20-cm intervals throughout the fill slope shoulders. The tensile strength of the net allows the heavy compacting vehicle to transverse the shoulder of each layer of the fill safely. Tests showed the embankment was compacted densely throughout--even at the slope surface.


The domestic energy markets in the United Kingdom are still in a process of structural change. Earlier this year, limited competition for the supply of household domestic gas was introduced, with full-scale competition expected to develop in the next few years. Competition for the supply of electricity to households is expected to begin in 1998. The introduction of competition in the supply of these energy goods will force tariffs to become more cost-reflective. Until now, maintaining crosssubsidies between consumer groups has not posed any difficulties, given that the suppliers of electricity as well as British Gas have enjoyed monopoly concessions. Profits lost by subsidising one group of consumers have been compensated by higher price-over-cost margins for other groups. Competition is likely to change this. New entrants will try to target market segments where current prices are above supply costs and will have no incentive to supply groups where costs are above prices. To survive, incumbents — who have universal services obligations — will be forced to end internal cross-subsidies.


Typical samples of Turner Valley naphtha were examined for their sulphur content and for their behavior towards common refining treatments. The sulphur content ranged from 0.15 to 0.19% and consisted of sulphides, organic disulphides and mercaptans. Thiophenes were present, but in very small amounts. No free sulphur or peroxides were detected. Distillation concentrated the color and color producing compounds and the gum and gum producing compounds in a small high-boiling residual fraction. Exposure to light, even in the absence of air, led to the development of a yellow color and to gum formation in all undistilled samples, treated or untreated. Distillation up to 165 °C. yielded a fraction (95% by volume) which remained colorless and free from gum formation when exposed to the air and to light for over eight months.Recovery of the propane and butane is recommended, and the treatment of the crude naphthas with sodium hydroxide solution or with sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide solutions followed by dis...


This paper presents direct torque controlled (DTC) induction motor drive that employs SVPWM inverter and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). Direct torque control technique is robust and fast responding approach used to obtain high performance torque control of induction machine drives. Conventional DTC has certain drawbacks like variable switching frequency and high torque ripple due to hysteresis comparators. The DTC with SVPWM inverter has constant switching frequency and low torque ripples. As the conventional PI control requires continuous tuning of gain, so optimization of performance is difficult. So Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) technique is proposed to get high performance. The PI and fuzzy logic techniques in speed control loop are successfully implemented in MATLAB/Simulink.


The ability to identify common benign and malignant skin lesions is augmented by the use of dermoscopy and is relevant to medical students pursuing careers in medicine, surgery, and subspecialties [1]. Medical students who received dermoscopy instruction as an adjunct to their skin examination education were more likely to examine a patient's skin during physical examination when evaluated one year after skin examination education [2]. Standard dermatoscopes, utilized in the aforementioned studies, permit a single user to view skin lesions in greater detail by incorporating 10-fold magnification. As with standard dermoscopy, videodermoscopy allows examination of microstructures within the epidermis and dermis. Videodermoscopy further enhances viewing by increasing the magnification potential to 50-fold or greater and by enabling multiple users to visualize skin lesions concurrently (Figure 1). In this study, we aim to assess whether the use of videodermoscopy improves the ability of medical students to identify benign and malignant skin lesions.

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Figure 1

Dermoscopic images of melanocytic nevus and melanoma. (A) Standard dermoscopy of a melanocytic nevus (magnification 10x). (B) Videodermoscopy of the same nevus (magnification 85x). (C) Standard dermoscopy of a melanoma (magnification 10x). (D) Videodermoscopy of the same melanoma (magnification 85x). (E) Videodermoscopy of the same melanoma (magnification 140x). [Copyright: ©2018 Cho et al.]


INTRODUCTION
Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare inflammatory disease with diverse cutaneous and systemic manifestations, often associated with myositis-specific antibodies. Managing skin disease in DM poses unique challenges.

AREAS COVERED
This review explores current and promising treatment options for DM, drawing from clinical studies, case series, and case reports that consider the underlying disease pathophysiology.

EXPERT OPINION
Recent advancements have improved our understanding and management of DM. The discovery of distinct DM autoantibodies and their correlation with specific clinical phenotypes has transformed patient categorization and enhanced our knowledge of the pathogenesis of the disease. Intravenous immunoglobulin, a well-established treatment in dermatomyositis, has regained prominence and a large randomized clinical trial has reaffirmed its efficacy, confirming it as an effective therapeutic option in this group of patients. Identification of the type I interferon pathway as a key pathogenic mechanism in DM has opened up new avenues for more effective treatment strategies. Blocking the JAK/STAT pathway offers potential for improved management of refractory patients and prevention of highly morbid complications. These recent advancements have significantly impacted the management and care of dermatomyositis patients, enabling tailored approaches, targeted interventions, and improved outcomes for individuals affected by this complex condition.


In this paper we re-examine the effects of globalization on fiscal decentralization of OECD by using the overall KOF index of globalization and its main subcomponents - economic, political and social integration. Using different indicators of fiscal decentralization, we find a positive impact of the overall index of globalization on both revenue and expenditure decentralization side, although not robust across different panel data specifications. Focusing on the links between decentralization and different aspects of globalization, we find that both economic and social integration foster fiscal decentralization, whereas political integration checks growth of it.


Liangkan Hydropower Station,which is located in Zheng'an County of Guizhou Province,is the fourth-grade hydropower station in the cascade development planning of Furongjiang River.In raising of the dam,the spillway gate is bolstered by rolling bearings to obtain better effect.As described in the following,the capacity of hoisting equipment has a close relation to the type of bolster.Since the rolling bearing has such the advantages as the less hoisting force,simple design and arrangement for framed bent,high cost-efficiency and so on,bolstering with the rolling bearings is often adopted in design optimization, and particularly has the popularization value for the arrangement and improvement of the spillway gate in middle and small size of hydropower projects.


Grandparents deserve access to classes that help them adjust to their changing role and build satisfying family relationships. Previous research resulted in the nation's first educational curriculum for "Becoming a Better Grandparent." This study was conducted to determine the benefits of the program. Self-selected grandparents, drawn from randomly paired sites within religions, reflected the national proportion of people over the age of 50 who classify themselves as Protestant, Catholic, or Jewish. A control group of 185 members was denied instruction but completed the Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory at three different times. Twelve weekly classes were provided for 210 grandparents in an experimental group. Each of these persons chose one son or daughter and one grandchild to help evaluate changes in grandparent attitudes and behavior. All three generations completed separate versions of the Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory before classes began, at the end of the intervention, and 3 months later. Posttest results of grandparents revealed significant improvement. The gains were corroborated by parents and grandchildren. Multivariate analyses identified the impact of 11 independent variables on grandparent performance. The control group showed no improvement during the project.


The following gas-phase reactions:

were studied by the competitive method with CF3I as the source of radicals. The kinetic parameters obtained in the temperature range 533–613 K and 503–613 K respectively for chlorine atom transfer reactions are given by:

where θ = 2.303 RT (cal mol−1).

The Arrhenius A values were calculated for seven chlorine atom transfer reactions (CF2Cl2, CFCl3, CCl4 with CF3 radicals; CF3Cl, CF2Cl2, CFCl3 and CCl4 with CH3 radicals) by using the thermochemical kinetic version of the Transition State Theory (TST).


Although the fundamentals of modern campaigning remain intact, there have been enormous changes since the beginning of the twenty-first century. Most of those changes spring from advances in technology, the penetration of social
 media, and the Wild West of digital communication. Campaigns, up and...


In preparation for simulating the three-dimensional Ising model, Ferrenberg tested this package on the twodimensional version, which has a known answer, and he got the wrong result. When he substituted another random-number generator for the "subtract-with-borrow" scheme that he had used initially, Ferrenberg found that he came much closer to the correct answer—even though the substitute itself had well-known defects.


A real-time full search vector quantization system for speech waveform coding is implemented using LS'ITL and CMOS devices. The system consists of low-pass filters, A/D and D/A converters, an algorithm for discriminating voiced and unvoiced.speed, a full search vector quantiier encoder and decoder, and a microprocessor-based controller. The system is designed to operate at two possible rates: one bit/sample using a dimension 8 vector quantizer (6500 bits/$ or 2 bits/sample using a dimensi.on 4 vector quantizer (13 OOO bits/$. In both cases the codebooks have rate 8 bits/vector. Separate codebooks were designed for voiced and unvoiced speech based on a training sequence of 640 OOO samples contain- ing five different speakers. The subjective and quantitative results are compared to both simulations and with a real-time array processor based implementation.


Sensitivity to subtle changes in the shape of visual objects has been attributed to the existence of global pooling mechanisms that integrate local form information across space. While global pooling is typically demonstrated under steady fixation, other work suggests prolonged fixation can lead to a collapse of global structure. Here we ask whether small ballistic eye movements that naturally occur during periods of fixation affect the global processing of radial frequency (RF) patterns - closed contours created by sinusoidally modulating the radius of a circle. Observers were asked to discriminate the shapes of circular and RF modulated patterns while fixational eye movements were recorded binocularly at 500Hz. Microsaccades were detected using a velocity-based algorithm, allowing trials to be sorted according to the relative timing of stimulus and microsaccade onset. Results revealed clear peri-saccadic changes in shape discrimination thresholds. Performance was impaired when microsaccades occurred close to stimulus onset, but facilitated when they occurred shortly afterwards. In contrast, global integration of shape was unaffected by the timing of microsaccades. These findings suggest that microsaccades alter the discrimination sensitivity to briefly presented shapes but do not disrupt the spatial pooling of local form signals.


This paper presents a mathematical model for photo-excited carrier decay in a semiconductor. Due to the carrier trapping states and recombination centers in the bandgap, the carrier decay process is defined by the system of nonlinear differential equations. The system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is approximated by linearized backward Euler scheme. Some a priori estimates of the discrete solution are obtained and the convergence of the linearized backward Euler method is proved. The identifiability analysis of the parameters of deep centers is performed and the fitting of the model to experimental data is done by using the genetic optimization algorithm. Results of numerical experiments are presented.


This text gives the general form of the square distance of the Wienerstokes gram to set out to carry on deduce to Poiseuille's,thus proving that the formula apply condition is:Newton's liquid makes to settle to often flow in level evenly keep piping,taking care of the both ends to press the differ to keep constant,the function can neglect in the physical volume on the fluid dint.Combine the usage Poiseuille's formula to cardiovascular system of human body each the analysis that flowing resistance,blood pressure and influence the artery blood pressure to carry on blood vessel.


Novel triply bridged [n.2.1](1,2,3)cyclophanes, which contain a dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene unit as a basic structure, were prepared. The mobility of the molecule and the orientation of two aromatic rings were deduced from the NMR and UV spectra. Each aromatic ring can flip with conformational inversion on the NMR time-scale at 27 °C when the length of the third methylene chain (m or n) is longer than five for the dithiacyclophanes 9 and ten for the cyclophanes 3. Red shifts of λmax for the aromatic rings and upfield shifts of aromatic protons are observed when the methylene chain becomes shorter. An X-ray study showed the benzene rings of the cyclophane 11c be slightly bent. Pyrolysis of the sulfones 10a and b gave the anthracene 7a rather than the cyclophanes 3a and b. Transalkylation of the cyclophanes 3a and b with AlCl3–MeNO2–benzene did not afford the de-tert-butylated cyclophanes 11a and b but instead gave the phenylated products 13a and b.


This chapter explores the relationship between death and community in the context of late modernity. It begins with a discussion of Alphonso Lingis's philosophical understanding of death as the foundation for the very possibility of community. Lingis's work on community forms a basis for opening up a sociological discussion of community as both an ideal and lived reality. This chapter argues that while community is still a relevant concept in contemporary society, its formations are complex and are by no means necessarily transparent or rooted in specific places and spaces of shared dwelling. Modern media technologies and the Internet have ushered in new forms of community that are mobile, transitional, de-spatialized, and non-tactile. The positive and negative aspects of community, whether it exists, how it functions, and whose needs take priority or are served in relation to death, is an ongoing focus of health and end-of-life care research, particularly community-based practice, and policy assessment on end-of-life care (Maddox and Parker 2001; Conway; Crawshaw and Bunton 2007; Kellehear 2007; Conway 2009). This chapter acknowledges this important area of policy oriented, empirical research on death and community. However, its main focus is sociological and it concerns the relationship between death and community in the context of modernity and late-modernity, with a central empirical focus on new community forms of death and mourning made possible by the World Wide Web.


Purpose: Status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurological emergency with high morbidity and mortality. There is no study that has been conducted among Ethiopian patients with SE. The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical presentation, causes, complications, outcomes, and predictors of mortality.


Using mAb and magnetic and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, together with culturing in semisolid culture medium, we show that essentially all splenic macrophage progenitors are Ly-6ChiMac-1-. By contrast, bone marrow macrophage progenitors were more heterogeneous in Ly-6C expression, the majority being restricted to the Ly-6CdimMac-1- and the Ly-6C-Mac-1- subsets. These findings provide immunophenotype evidence that macrophages in the spleen and bone marrow arise from different progenitors.


Claim the PIP system is disclosed for storing data that Nita the center point position of the self-portrait on the screen center in the memory area of the first size. Self-portrait data starting from data stored in a memory location, called the read address are read out from the memory area. When ZOOM- IN or ZOOM-OUT command is received, the data for the new image of the same size is stored for display in an unused memory area of a different size, the new self-portrait center point and the read address is calculated and displayed in the new area of the same size self-portrait displays centers of the existing self-portraits are almost identical.


Schizophrenia is one of the most common and severe psychiatric disorders that is characterized by abnormalities in perception, behavior, motivation, thinking and cognition. One of these cognitive defects is defect in attention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on improving attention in women with chronic schizophrenia in 2016, Ardabil, Iran. In this experimental study (pre-test and post-test with a control group), the population included all women with chronic schizophrenia in Ardabil-Iran, and 28 participants were randomly selected who were in rehabilitation centers of Ardebil and randomly divided into an experimental group (n=14) and a control group (n=14). The members of both groups were individually subjected to a pre-test using Toulouse Pieron attention Test, then using tDCS the intervention was individually performed by a trained researcher on the experimental group for 10 consecutive days in 20 minutes with anode, FP2, and the cathode. The post-test was administered on both experimental and control groups. To analyze the data, univariate covariance analysis was used. The results showed that tDCS increased the mean scores of attention (p < .05) in subjects with chronic schizophrenia. Considering that tDCS has a significant effect on improving the attention of people with chronic schizophrenia, it can be concluded that tDCS can improve the attention of people with chronic schizophrenia.


The Antarctic krill was introduced including its basic biology,new foundings of the krill characters,the vital role in the Southern Ocean ecosystem,fishery,usage and its dangerous under the force of climate change and human activities.


The ingestion of all forms of dietary carbohydrate confers benefits to human behaviour and health. Dietary carbohydrate is an essential component of healthy diets. It is a macronutrient that not only provides energy, but also serves as an important regulator of the nervous system of human behaviours and of metabolism. Carbohydrate ingestion affects the nervous system through its provision of glucose and energy source and by its effect on neurotransmitter synthesis in the brain and by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. As a result, carbohydrate ingestion has a positive effect on several human behaviours, including appetite, sleep, activity, mood, cognition and physical performance. Through their effects on metabolism, high carbohydrate diets, compared with high fat diets, are generally associated with lower risk of chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cancer and heart disease. An exception is dental caries which, in the absence of fluoridated water and attention to oral hygiene are increased by consumption of fermentable carbohydrate. Dietary advice on carbohydrate should recognise the health benefits of all carbohydrate foods including those containing sugars, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. An optimum diet contains at least 55 % of total energy from carbohydrates, the sources of which may be selected, at least in part, on the basis of their glycemic index. Bahrain Med Bull 1998;20(3): 69-76 Carbohydrate is the single most important source of food energy in the world, making up 40% to 80% of total food energy, depending on the c ultural and economic status of the people. Carbohydrate includes, polyhydroxy aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids, their simple derivatives and their polymers having linkages of the acetal type. These are classifi ed according to their degree of polymerization and may be divided into three principal groups, namely sugars, oli gosaccharides and polysaccharides (Table 1). (raffinose, stachyose, etc) and fructo-oligosaccharides. Polysaccharides are divided into starch (alpha-glucans) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), of which the major components are the polysaccharides of the plant cell wall such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.


The report intends to provide general and specific recommendations to both provider and recipient nations that they should take into consideration while undertaking any TA programme in a recipient nation. The report critically evaluates the needs, concerns and experiences of recipient organisations and provides suggestions to address them. [IPDEV Project, October 2006]


Background. Hypogonadism or testosterone deficiency is a prevalent condition in men with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Testosterone stimulates erythropoiesis via production of haematopoietic growth factors and possible im-provement of iron bioavailability. We hypothesized that testosterone deficiency predisposes to anaemia and reduced responsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in CKD men. for age, sex hormone-binding globulin, comorbidities, C-reactive protein and s-albumin was lost after further adjustment for iron medication and hypochromic RBC. Conclusions. Hypogonadism may be an additional cause of anaemia and reduced ESA responsiveness in men with CKD. Our results raise the possibility that restoration of testosterone levels in hypogonadal CKD males may translate into lower prevalence of anaemia and better ESA responsiveness. AbstractBackground. There has been a lack of international consen-sus on the classification and the predictive value of the his-topathology findings in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Recently, the International IgA Nephropathy Network has developed the Oxford classification in which four histological variables with the most prognostic importance are identified (MEST score). Our objective was to validate these findings and to assess their predictive power in our cohort and to compare them to identified clinical predictors. Methods. Ninety-nine children with a follow-up time > 5 years were included and investigated with clearances of inulin or iohexol for glomerular filtration rate (GFR), proteinuria and blood pressure at biopsy and during follow-up. Biopsies (90/99) were re-evaluated and scored according to the Oxford classification.


An 85-year-old woman was taken from a nursing home to Hennepin County Medical Center on January 1, 1990, for emergency treatment of dyspnea from chronic bronchiectasis. The patient, Mrs. Helga Wanglie, required emergency intubation and was placed on a respirator. She occasionally acknowledged discomfort and recognized her family but could not communicate clearly. In May, after attempts to wean her from the respirator failed, she was discharged to a chronic care hospital. One week later, her heart stopped during a weaning attempt; she was resuscitated and taken to another hospital for intensive care. She remained unconscious, and a physician suggested . . .


We model principal trading by upstairs market makers and find that it supplies significant liquidity and price improvement to the market. First, clients more frequently submit orders to firms that do upstairs principal trading. Second, these firms provide liquidity to clients that is unavailable in the consolidated limit order book. Principal trades are, on average, ten times larger than the depth available on the book. Third, when brokerage firms participate as principals, they give price improvement to more than 60% of client orders. The principal trading decision is affected by fixed trading costs and the liquidity of the security.


Education for disabled children has for years been taken for granted with societies wanting disabled persons to fit into the society without the society changing. This research was carried out in Murehwa with the main aim of examining the role played by LCDZT in promoting inclusive education for children with disabilities. The objectives of the study included analyzing the benefits of inclusive education for CWDs, examining the importance of implementing inclusive education, exploring the current situation of inclusive education in Murehwa and looking at the challenges that were faced by inclusive education. In the bid to fulfill these objectives literature was reviewed and a descriptive research was conducted. 35 questionnaires were administered to people who are somehow related to disability and 10 people were also interviewed. The researcher found out that LCDZT played an enormous role in promoting inclusive education which in the program implementation process has changed the perception of people as well as their approach to disability from an integrated approach to a more accommodating twin track approach which encourages the full participation of disabled persons


In a complement to the networks and styles of the previous chapter, this chapter offers a detailed analysis of the spaces that frame the Berlin klezmer scene. It draws on the influence of British cultural studies to locate this scene within the characteristic fluidity and bricolage aesthetics of the city's wider street-level musical culture—brought to life here through description and analysis of the sonic profusion of Mauerpark's weekly "mini-festival." The chapter then moves on to explore in depth ways in which we might understand "Jewish space," including the important role of music in the mediation of German-Jewish space. The majority of the chapter then looks in detail at the official/unofficial spatial spectrum that frames several characteristic klezmer venues in the city: a long-running and appealingly shabby club/bar; a contemporary arthouse theater program; a well-established, friendly yet surprisingly formal dance night; and the lively space of a West Berlin kosher cafe. It then discusses in depth the three klezmer jam sessions that take place in the city, considering each of these sessions as its own version of a wider "scene," with reference to the work of Will Straw and others. The last part of the chapter discusses how several unofficial spaces that have developed recently point to a possible paradigm shift in the presentation and reception of Yiddish musical culture in the city, seen in the ground-level complex of Yiddish cultural activities established over the last six years in the Neukölln district. Once again, the solid theoretical underpinning is brought to life by strong ethnographic description and interviews.


The invention discloses a pneumatic magnetic energy storage needleless syringe. The syringe comprises a cylinder barrel with an inner cavity, a front end cover fixedly arranged at the front end of the cylinder barrel, a needleless ampoule assembly arranged on the front end cover and an impact part movably arranged in the cylinder barrel along the front and back direction; a chamber is formed between the impact part and the rear part of the cylinder barrel; the needleless syringe also comprises an air supplier for charging compressed air into the chamber; the needleless ampoule assembly at least comprises a piston rod capable of moving along the front and back direction; the impact part has an energy storage state and an impact state in the cylinder barrel; when in the energy storage state, the impact part is static, a gap exists between the front end of the impact part and the rear end of the piston rod and the air supplier supplies compressed air for the chamber; when in the impact state, the impact part forwards impacts to drive the piston rod to forwards move; the cylinder barrel is also provided with a control mechanism for switching the work states of the impact part. The needleless syringe is simple and compact in structure and has well use performances.


In present study, coumarin imidazolone hybrids were synthesized on the basis of the molecular docking analysis of the compounds ( 11a-h ) by using PyRx 0.8 software. The molecules docking studies were performed against the targets Hsp90 and human type IIA DNA topoisomerase and compared the same with standard drugs fluconazole and doxorubicin. Among all the compounds 11d (-12.7 kcal/mol) and 11f (-12.4 kcal/mol) showed good binding affinity towards human Hsp90 and 11d (-11.5 kcal/mol) and 11e (-11.4 kcal/mol) showed good binding affinity against human type IIA DNA topoisomerase. Based on the positive results a series of eight novel titled compounds (1-(4-(4-(arylidene)-5-oxo-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro - 1 H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)ethylidene)-2-oxo-2 H -chromene-3-carbohydrazides ( 11a-h ) have been prepared by the method of condensation of 1-(4-acetylphenyl)-4-arylidene-2-phenyl - 1 H-imidazol-5(4 H )-ones ( 5a-h ) with 2-oxo-2 H -chromene-3-carbohydrazide ( 10 ). Characterization of the synthesized compounds were conducted by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, mass spectral studies and screened for their antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The compounds were analyzed for physico-chemical and pharmacokinetic properties of all the compounds showed good to moderate properties.


MARY BROWN PARLEE (CUNY Graduate Center, New York, N . Y . ) : Important methodologic issues were raised in a very clear form by Dr. Philip Sarrel's paper which was presented yesterday. So, since we are all in some ways thinking together, I want to describe that study and ask us to discuss some of the issues that it raises. It also brings into focus some of the differences in perspective and tensions that have surfaced at this conference, differences that are more apparent than real since we all want the best and most accurate scientific information about menopause that we can get. Consideration of this one study will help us to understand why sometimes we aren't all on the same wavelength. Dr. Sarrel's paper, carried out by a very impressive interdisciplinary team, is entitled "Ovarian Steroids and the Capacity to Function at Home and in the Workplace. " I reiterate the highlights here: It was a double-blind placebo/hormone protocol used to investigate whether the signs and symptoms of menopause are in and of themselves important in understanding the impact of menopause on women's work. They recruited women with low estradiol and relatively high FSH levels, which suggested that they were menopausal, and they interviewed 400 women. They got 26 to agree to participate in the 6-month double-blind placebo-controlled study. They also studied 24 who didn't want to do that, but who were willing to fill out their questionnaires. Forty percent of the women were between 50 and 54 years of age and most were Caucasian and professional women. Several psychological measures were used, such as the SCL 90 diaries and so forth. The one I want to focus on is an instrument they developed to assess menopausal symptoms, with questions that included sleep disturbance, hot flashes, anxiety attacks, and depression-the kinds of concerns a patient might come into a doctor's office and report. So what I am saying applies not only to the research issues that are central to investigating menopause, but also to what happens in the clinician's office. Sarrel and his co-workers also asked questions related to work, such as whether the women had trouble remembering things. They were interested in knowing whether the symptoms of menopause reported on the questionnaires influenced work function and to do this they used a 5-point scale ranging from 0 to 4, where the woman indicated to what degree she thought her work was influenced by menopause. The results indicated on the 5-point scale that menopause had a moderate to severe effect on their capacity to function outside the home. Their scores on this scale were significantly related to their scores on the questionnaire about menopausal symptoms. The investigators found that estrogen replacement therapy in 40% of the women showed a lessening of almost all of the symptoms. This represents in very clear form some of the important scientific issues. We shouldn't dwell on the fact that the data from the control group weren't reported because it is not fair to discuss what wasn't, but surely in any study of estrogen replacement therapy we have to acknowledge that a control group is desirable if not essential from a scientific point of view. I also don't want to discuss whether the findings from this particular highly selected patient population can be generalized to all women, although here, too, serious scientific issues are involved. What I do think is important is the notion of what is a fact and what is an interpretation. It seems to me that the fact is that the women indicated on the questionnaire that


In the information storage development, the trend of the storage device is to increase the recording density. Among such an effort, near-field probe recording is spotlighted as a method of high increasing recording density. For the successfully embodiment of storage device, the actuating mechanism of near-field probe is essentially designed. In this paper, we suggest the slider similar with conventional HDD and design the slider using near-field probe for the purpose of applying the slider in order to control gap between probe and media. The most important object of slider design is to guarantee the flying ability and stability. For achievement of these design objects, we perform two step of optimal design process. The media is supposed to model as random displacement, which is only considered roughness of disk surface. The design slider is analyzed with dynamic state in assumed media. At this process, the optimal model is confirmed to stable flying stability.


This study is to test if sterilized intervention by central banks in the foreign exchange market tends to be more effective when the timing of...


Target of management of investment can only be reached by if supporter factor pursuing investment climate can be overcome, for example passing repair co-ordinate between Central Government with Local Government, creation of efficient bureaucracy, rule of law in capital cultivation area, expense of highly competitive economics, and also effort climate which is conducive in labour and security business of. Therefore become problems about rule of law guarantee to foreign investment according to Law of Investment in Indonesia, and regulations Local Government authority to foreign investment according to regulation of Local Governance. The character of this research is descriptive of conducted analysis normative approach, because this research represent research of conducted document study or bibliography or addressed only at law and regulation punish investment in Indonesia which is supported with interview to guest speaker at BAINPROM North Sumatra Province. Pursuant to result of research known, rule of law guarantee to foreign investor according to Law No. 25 Year 2007 is in principle Government will not conduct foreign company nationalization in Indonesia, and if its cannot help conducted by nationalization, hence to investor will be given by compensation which is its amount is specified pursuant to market price (Section 7), and otherwise there is agreement concerning indemnation or the happening of foreign investment dispute in Indonesia, its solution can be brought to institute institute arbitrate (Section 32) such Arbitrate institute is International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), because Indonesia have ICSID with Law No. 5 Year 1968 about Solving of Dispute Between State and Foreign Citizen Concerning Investment. Authority of Local Governance in foreign investment bearing as according to Law No. 12 Year 2008 becoming local government business is obliged to province and or sub-province/arranged town in Section 13 article 1 n item and Section 14 article 1 n item, is authority for the administrative services of foreign investment. Referring to Government have ratified arbitrate institute in law, hence better be affirmed by the solving of dispute between WNA with Government in the case of investment through international arbitrate institute but remain to contract business principle. Equally remain to relate at rule of Section 66 Law No. 30 Year 1999 about Arbitrate jo Regulation of Supremacy Court (Peraturan Mahkamah Agung) No.1 Year 1990 about International Execution Decision Arbitrate, that international arbitrate decision can only be executed in Indonesia limited to decision which do not oppose against public interest. Then need more coherent investment administrative services definition becoming local governance authority, so that do not happened different perception between central government and local government. Therefore Government have to immediately publish Governmental Regulation with guidance of Law No. 12 Year 2008 about Local Government. Keyword: Investment Guarantee; Foreign Investment. Sukiran : Kajian Yuridis Tentang Jaminan Kepastian Hukum Bagi Investasi Asing Di Indonesia, 2008 USU e-Repository © 2009


A color correction method is proposed in this study.First,a standard white board as a part of the background when digital images are acquired should be made.By computer processing the image which is acquired at standard color temperature,the RGB(Red,Green,Blue) elements of the board respective average value are obtained.The three values are the standard values.In the same way,three nonstandard values at nonstandard color temperature are determined.The two group values are compared to get correctional proportions of the image's RGB values.The proportions are used to correct each pixel of the whole image.The results show that the correction image is almost the same as the standard image.The method is simple,quick and accurate,which is carried out by computer programs.


When post-disaster conditions occur, the problem of food procurement becomes a critical factor which able to disrupt the fulfillment of nutrition for the society, especially children. Procurement of emergency food products is one solution that can be offered to meet daily energy for the victims in need. The raw material for making emergency food products that can be used is denatured Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC), as a source of protein, sweet potato flour as a source of carbohydrates and mineral mix as a determinant of the texture and power of product acceptance. Emergency food products are also incidental, so they require a long shelf life, and sterilization is one way that can be done to extend the shelf life of food products. The factors tested in this study included protein levels, mineral levels, and the level of sterilization with the number of microorganisms as the response variable. The optimal combination of factors tested will produce the minimum number of microorganisms. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the combination of material formulations and sterilization rates using the analytical data from Response Surface Methode (RSM) with a validation of single objective optimization method in order to have a minimum number of microorganisms to meet the nutritional needs that are incidental. Based on the response surface analysis, the optimum formula of semi-emergency food was 11.6% protein content; added 4% mineral mix; and sterilized at 8.09 D log cycle.


The self-propagating high-temperature syn-thesis method was used to synthesize the TiAl intermetalliccompound,and two kinds of synthesis modes were studied inthis paper.The results show that the thermal explosion modeis suitable for the synthesis of TiAI,the pre-heating tempera-ture has a great influence on the synthesis.Microstructurestudy show that the density of the sample fabricated by thermal explosion mode is higher than that fabricated by propa-gating mode.


Ethnographers who study the Andes of South America have recently begun questioning some of the underlying assumptions of our profession. The hallmark of much traditional Andeanist ethnography has been an emphasis on discovering in the lives of contemporary people those cultural practices that are of Native American origins. This approach is now decried as yet another example of cultural imperialism, the Western impulse to search for exotic "Others." Our fascination with Indians, we fear, has led us to a distorted portrayal of the complex lives of contemporary people, for many of whom indigenous culture is only a single aspect of a multifaceted identity (Weismantel 1991). In our desire to defend Andean cultural values, we have perhaps overlooked the realities of Andean societies, and so reduced their histories to a static and timeless "culture" that has little to do with the lived experience of those we study. The entire notion of cultural continuities between the preColumbian past and the present is under attack. A consensus seems to have been reached that the earlier paradigm of lo andino, the idea of a shared Andean culture still existing in remote peasant villages and within rural households, having outlasted the demise of its fullblown manifestations in great civilizations such as that of the Inca, must be abandoned as an essentialist fiction.


This is the second edition, expanded and corrected, of the book that the author published in 1993. This new text revises definitions on History and historians of the 20th century. Likewise, based on these premises, it is proposed to interpret the political, economic and social phenomena that take place in Peru in the last century, which shows the relevance of the studies on these two topics, from which the author reflects on the ways of approaching a specific historical event.


Aluminum (Al) is widely used to improve the combustion performance of energetic material formulations. However, only a limited part of the energy released by the oxidation of aluminum works because of ignition delay and incomplete combustion. In order to overcome this defect, a mechanical activation-sintering method is developed to prepare Al/PTFE composites for enhancing the combustion performance of Al powders. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to analyze the morphology and structures of the samples. An orthogonal experiment is employed to filter the best preparation parameters by evaluating the combustion pressure in a closed vessel. With the conditions of 65 : 35 (g/g, mass ratio of Al and PTFE), 12 : 1 (g/g, ball-to-powder weight ratio, BPR), 250 rpm (rotation speed of ball milling container) and 45 min (milling duration), the Al powders are coated uniformly by PTFE and the composites exhibit excellent dispersity. By optimizing the preparation conditions, the maximum pressure, pressurization rate as well as the flame propagation are highly improved, compared to that of a simple mixture of Al powders and PTFE. This work provides a feasible and universal method to prepare aluminum-containing composites.


This is a story about dream jobs...

Why aren't nurses who work in geriatric care the best paid people on the planet? When humans are old


A new ruthenium complex, (η 5 -triphenylinde-nyl)Ru(CO) 2 Cl, was synthesized and successfully applied in the racemization of (S)-1-phenylethanol at room temperature. Instead of potassium tert-butoxide, stronger bases such as sodium hydride and n-butyllithium were used to activate the precatalyst. In situ NMR experiments revealed the presence of ruthenium hydride as a key intermediate in the catalytic cycle.


As the Sunshine State struggles through one of its worst droughts on record, a central Queensland couple have built the world's largest synthetic golf course in a bid to save water.


In order to study the frost resistance of magnesium cement composite sheets, the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the bending properties of glass fiber reinforced basic magnesium sulfate cements blended with mineral admixtures and glass fiber reinforced chlorine were studied by freeze-thaw test method. Magnesium silicate cement is compared. The composition and microstructure of the hydration products of the board before and after freezing and thawing were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The results show that before the 128 freeze-thaw cycles, the flexural strength of the undoped composite sheet is 8.2%, 7.3% and 9.1% higher than the initial strength of the slag, fly ash and silica fume board, respectively. When the number of freeze-thaw cycles reaches 160, the strength retention rate of composite sheets with various ratios has been reduced to less than 75%, and the test pieces fail; the number of freeze-thaw cycles for failure of the magnesium oxychloride cement-based board is about 150 times, The number of basic magnesium sulfate cements is almost the same This indicates that in the freeze-thaw test, the failure of the specimen may be caused only by physical damage, and the number of times depends on the strength of the previous period.


We propose two types of turbo differential space-time coding, namely serial and parallel concatenated structures. In serial structure, a convolutional encoder is followed by a differential space-time encoder, while in parallel structure, two identical differential space-time encoders are concatenated in parallel. The encoding and iterative decoding process is thoroughly studied, and the improved performance at low SNR is demonstrated and compared via simulations.


ABSTRACT: Impregnation technique with suitable chemicals can be used to improve the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of wood. The impregnation can be carried out via in-situ polymerization either by using catalyst-heat treatment or irradiation technique. In this study, the rubberwood-polymer composites were prepared by impregnating the rubberwood with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), diallyl phthalate (DAP) and the combination of GMA and DAP. The catalyst-heat treatment was employed for the polymerization process to take place. The weight percentage gain of impregnated samples increased as impregnation pressure increased for all monomers used. At the highest chemical loading, rubberwoodpolymer composites impregnated with GMA exhibited the best dimensional stability and mechanical performance.


This research  aimed to determine the effect of city branding toward city image, determine to effect of city branding toward visiting decision, determine to effect of city image toward tourits' visiting decision who were visiting Kota Wisata Batu. This study uses explanatory research by using purposive sampling method for sampling technique. Data collecting technique were conducted by using questionnaires that were distributed to 100 respondents, they are visitors who were visiting  KWB, such as tourism places and restaurants that take place in KWB. In this research, path analysis is used for data analyze technique. The result of this research shows that City Branding variable (X) significantly affects toward City Image (Y 1 ) with Beta coefficient value is 0,762 and probability rate is 0,000 (0,000 α = 0,05). Therefore, for the next researchs are recommended  to do research with different variable to Kota Wisata Batu Keywords : City Branding, City Image and Visiting Decision АBSTRАK Tujuan dari penelitian in adalah: Menjelaskan pengaruh City Branding terhadap  City Image , Menjelaskan pengaruh City Branding terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung, Menjelaskan pengaruh City Image terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung pada wisatawan yang sedang berkunjung ke Kota Wisata Batu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling . Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuisioner yang disebarkan kepada wisatawan yang sedang berkunjung ke Kota Wisata Batu diantaranya tempat-tempat wisata dan rumah makan yang ada di Kota Wisata Batu sebanyak 100 responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam peneltitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan analisis jalur ( path analysis) . Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel City Branding (X) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap City Image (Y 1 ) dengan nilai koefisien beta sebesar 0,762 dan tingkat probabilitas sebesar 0,000 (0,000 α = 0,05). Dengan demikian, untuk peneliti selanjutnya direkomendasikan untuk melakukan penelitian dengan variabel yang berbeda pada Kota Wisata Batu Kata Kunci: City Branding, City Image , Keputusan Berkunjung


A report on the selection process of the STARK friendly hash (SFH) function for standardization by the Ethereum Foundation. The outcome of this process, described here, is our recommendation to use the Rescue function over a prime field of size ≈ 2 in sponge mode with 12 field elements per state. With an Appendix by Jean-Charles Faugère and Ludovic Perret of CryptoNext Security.


Field-grown 'Red Lady' papaya ( Carica papaya L.) plants were used to measure foliar gas-exchange responses to rapid changes in irradiance levels to determine if papaya stomata are able to track simulated sun-to-cloud cover transitions. Natural sunlight and neutral shade cloth placed over the leaf were used to provide high photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of about 2000 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 until leaves reached steady state within the cuvette, followed by three minutes with low PPF of about 325 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , and a return to PPF of about 2000 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 . Net CO 2 assimilation (A) declined from an initial 20 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 to about 9 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 within 20 seconds of initiating low PPF, and remained fairly stable for the duration of the three minutes of low PPF. Stomatal conductance (g s ) declined within 60 seconds of initiating low PPF, from 385 to about 340 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 during the three minutes duration of low PPF. Following the return to high PPF, A rapidly increased to about 18 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , then gradually increased to the original value. After a lag of about 1 minute following the return to high PPF, g s began to increase and returned to the original value after three minutes. Container-grown 'Tainung #1' papaya plants were used in a second study to determine the influence of mild drought stress on gas-exchange responses to rapid irradiance transitions. For drought-stressed plants, g s declined to a greater magnitude following the high-to-low PPF transition, and g s and A recovered more slowly following the transition from low-to-high PPF than for well-watered plants. Water use efficiency declined to a minimum immediately following the high-to-low PPF transition for both sets of plants, but recovered more rapidly for drought-stressed plants. These results indicate that papaya stomata are able to track rapid changes in irradiance, and mild drought stress enhances the tracking response.