A new approach to effective theory of quarks in the instanton vacuum is presented. Exact equations for the quark propagator and Lagrangian are derived which contain contributions of all quark modes with known coefficients. The resulting effective Lagrangian resembles that of the Nambu--Jona--Lasinio model. The commonly used zero--mode approximation is shown to be invalid in the chiral limit.


In Latvian, primary stressed long syllables of content words bear either a level or a falling pitch contour, due to a lexical tonal accent contrast. In this paper we examine the interaction between ...


The present invention provides an image capturing apparatus can be connected to a display device, comprising image capturing means for capturing and outputting video data storage unit for storing data of the parameter setting image data and the display device, triggering unit for the apparatus when the display is inserted, generating a trigger signal, plug and interface means for connection with the display, power supply unit for powering signal upon receiving, through the plug and interface , the display device power supply, and a processing control unit for when receiving the trigger signal, and outputs the generated power supply signal to the power supply unit, and the setting parameter data and the image data through the plug and interface transmitted to the display device. The present invention has the plug and the display device efficacy.


Seafood is a term for food in the form of marine animals and plants that are caught, fished, taken from the sea or cultivated.  Society is a set of human beings who due to the demands of needs and influence certain  beliefs, thoughts, and ambitions are united in collective life.  The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between knowledge levels and the incidence of seafood poisoning in the archipelago in 2020. This study uses a correlational descriptive research design with the approach used is cross sectional.  The sampling technique used is Non probability sampling, namely 49 communities in the working area of the Tembeling Health Center, Bintan Regency. Data collection is carried out by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis using Univariate and Bivariate analysis. The results showed that the majority of people had gained knowledge about seafood poisoning as much as 70% and almost some people had never experienced the incidence of seafood poisoning, namely as much as (55%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the incidence of seafood poisoning  = 0.002. The results of this study concluded that the more ever and higher in obtaining public knowledge, the better it will be in preventing the occurrence of seafood poisoning.


In the (bio)chemical processes, traditional hardware sensors are difficult to directly measure the quality of critical products due to their time-varying, non-linear, and dynamic characteristics. This makes process soft sensor modeling methods important. Since the process variables can be regarded as natural graph data, this work introduces graphs in the soft sensor modeling area. A soft sensor model based on the graph neural network (GNN) is proposed. The model can learn the topological structure of graph data between each unit variable. Moreover, it characterizes variable relationships from the spatial and temporal dimensions to the output prediction by introducing the spatial-temporal convolutional layer. The effectiveness and advantages of the GNN-based soft sensor model are verified using a simulated fermentation process.


Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the correlation between chronological, dental, and skeletal age. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms and orthopantomograms of 100 subjects of age ranging 9–14 years were obtained for the estimation of skeletal and dental age. Dental age was assessed using Demirjian's method; skeletal age was assessed using the new improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation method given by Baccetti, Franchi, and McNamara. Statistical analysis was carried out. Student's t-test and Spearman's coefficient correlation were used to assess the relation between chronological, skeletal, and dental age. Results: The Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.777 (P < 0.001) between chronological and dental age, 0.516 (P < 0.001) between chronological and skeletal age, and 0.563 (P < 0.001) between dental and skeletal age. Conclusion: There is a good correlation between chronological and dental age in North Indian population which was higher for males as compared to females. A moderate correlation was found between chronological and skeletal age as well as between dental and skeletal age.


Land subsidence is a common geological hazard. Rapid urban expansion has led to different degrees of ground subsidence within Wuhan in the past few years. The novel coronavirus outbreak in 2020 has seriously impacted urban construction and people's lives in Wuhan. Land subsidence in Wuhan has changed greatly with the resumption of work and production. We used 80 Sentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images covering Wuhan to obtain the land subsidence change information of Wuhan from July 2017 to September 2021 by using the small baseline subset interferometric SAR technique. Results show that the subsidence in Wuhan is uneven and concentrated in a few areas, and the maximum subsidence rate reached 57 mm/yr during the study period. Compared with land deformation before 2017, the land subsidence in Wuhan is more obvious after 2020. The most severe area of subsidence is located near Qingling in Hongshan District, with a maximum accumulated subsidence of 90 mm, and obvious subsidence funnels are observed in Qiaokou, Jiangan, Wuchang and Qingshan Districts. The location of subsidence centers in Wuhan is associated with building intensity, and most of the subsidence funnels are formed in connection with urban subway construction and building construction. Carbonate belt and soft ground cover areas are more likely to lead to karst collapse and land subsidence phenomena. Seasonal changes are observed in the land subsidence in Wuhan. A large amount of rainfall can replenish groundwater resources and reduce the rate of land subsidence. The change in water level in the Yangtze River has a certain impact on the land subsidence along the rivers in Wuhan, but the overall impact is small. An obvious uplift is observed in Caidian District in the south of Wuhan, and the reason may be related to the physical and chemical expansion effects of the expansive clay.


To avoid congestion of the vehicle in tra ffic networks is one of the most important problems to establish effective movements of vehicles. In this paper, we propose a new routing strategy using a memory e ffect. Conventional routing strategies use probabilistic rules to route the vehicles on the tra ffic networks. On the other hand, our proposed method uses a deterministic rule, or the memory effect. The memory e ffect means how many vehicles are moved through the nodes in the past history. In addition, another reason why we use the memory e ffect is that every node does not need to communicate the adjacent nodes to route the vehicles to their destinations because the memory effect is the information owned by each node. From the results of the numerical simulations, by using the memory effect, our proposed method reduces the tra ffic congestion effectively compared with the conventional routing strategies. Then, we confirmed that our proposed strategy e ffectively routes the vehicles to their destinations.


A time-varying graph (TVG) can model useful practical scenarios such as intermittent contact between nodes. High degree nodes in such networks can act as central nodes for efficient implementation of different applications such as information dissemination. In this paper, we propose a distributed algorithm for finding a low cardinality set of high degree nodes in a time-varying graph. The algorithm efficiently exploits the overlap in coverage between nodes to reduce the size of the set and finds a small subset of all high degree nodes in the network while still maintaining almost the same coverage as the set of all high degree nodes. It also finds temporal paths from all nodes to the high degree nodes found which can be used for routing information to the nodes.


This chapter provides information on the availability of data and the procedure for constructing the bilateral time-series trade dataset. The difficulty in assembling bilateral time-series trade data is in maintaining consistency across all historical years for the GTAP regions and sectors. Timeseries trade data for the GTAP 7 Data Base were expanded from previous version to 2006.


Amplitude modulators based on the quantum confined Stark effect, whose active multiple quantum-well region contains an nipi delta doping superlattice were investigated. An enhancement by a factor of two of the Stark shift is observed. This observation was made possible by a thorough doping level calibration procedure. As a result, a larger contrast ratio for the devices based on these novel structures was detected, substantially reducing their operation voltage.


This article aims to analyze social responsibility in a unit of the federal network of professional, scientific and technological education in the period 2009 to 2017, from the reports issued by the Own Evaluation Committee. The methodological approach is descriptive qualitative of the case study type, whose theoretical category is the university social responsibility. To this end, a documentary analysis of the unit depicted in a sample composed of eight pieces was selected by applying the criteria of authenticity, credibility, representativeness and meaning. Among other things, the study shows that although immediate links between RSU have been identified, the National Higher Education Evaluation System - Sinaes - and the institution's mission, while mapped self-assessment reports point out weaknesses in topics such as social inclusion, environmental policy and preservation of historical and cultural heritage, there is a need to evaluate extension projects carried out from 2013 to 2017, considering that extension actions are vectors for university social responsibility. Key-words:  administration university social responsibility; Sinaes; self-evaluation.


This paper develops a single period model for a specific class of multiproduct perishable inventory systems where demands are interdependent. This class of inventory systems has the property that there is economic substitution between products. It is shown that the optimal policy has the economic substitution property, and that the rate of substitution is age dependent. The model serves as a generalization of a theorem discovered by Ignall and Veinott.


On the basis of elastoplastic FEM to simulate the process of 5-stand 4/6 rollers cold tandem mill,the roll elastic flattening curve with quadratic function is obtained by using the fitting function method in the paper.And then the radius of flattening roll curvature is calculated according to the function.Compared with Hitchcock algorithm,the rolling force calculated with our model is closer to the measured rolling force.The study improves the accuracy of rolling force presetting.


IN reading several interesting papers of Dr. E. W. Gudger (1919), that indefatigable research worker in the bibliography of ichthyology, my attention was arrested by the title and contents of a brochure "On the Use of the Sucking-fish for Catching Fish and Turtles." In some fifty pages and with less than a dozen illustrations he has skillfully demonstrated and proven the story of the use man found for the sucking-fish. He states that the custom of using the remora for fishing was first observed by Columbus (.1494) on his second voyage to America, in an island group of the West Indies called the Jardinellas de la Reina. In conversation with Dr. Gudger I told him of similar observations by myself and others in Cuban waters, and of those of my father, Dr. Solomon De Sola, off the north coast of Colombia. At Dr. Gudger's instigation I relate these experiences, offer some extensions to his paper and comment on the writings of other authors who have treated upon this subject of remora fishing.


This report describes the design of a value-added model to measure school and teacher performance in the District of Columbia Public Schools. It presents the main features of the method in nontechnical terms, data used, and technical details of the statistical methods.


Costal movement was defined on living subjects by determining the spatial vectors along the ribs that are produced during inspiration. The determination of these vectors was achieved with an instrument specially designed for this purpose. Rib movement was studied on 61 ribs in 10 normal subjects and on 35 ribs in six patients suffering from kyphoscoliosis and ankylosing spondylitis. In normal subjects during smooth inspiration all the ribs studied, which ranged from the 2nd to the 9th, rotated round a single axis. The direction of the inspiratory movement of the ribs was oblique, upward, outward, and forward, and symmetrical in both hemithoraces. This direction is compatible with rotation around the rib-neck axis but not with other axes that have been postulated. In ankylosing spondylitis and in kyphoscoliosis the magnitude of rib movement was reduced but movement still took place solely around the rib-neck axis. In the patients with kyphoscoliosis the direction of this movement was altered due to a change in the position of the rib neck.


After being a somewhat neglected facet of neurology, disorders of peripheral nerves have received a considerable degree of attention during the past few years, and advances in knowledge of the causation of and pathological changes in these diseases have led to more satisfactory clinical management. In this brief article a description will be given of the salient clinical features of the commoner types of disorder affecting the peripheral nerves, the techniques currently employed in their diagnosis, and the general principles adopted in treatment.


By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing file systems,aiming at the limited resources and poor stability characteristics of embedded file systems,this paper puts forward a new large-capacity file storage structure named MSFS(M Structure File System).It introduces the file system architecture and internal composition,tests reading and writing performance and makes comparison with the traditional and common file systems based on embedded system.Experimental results show the advantages of MSFS in storage and stability.


Since the initial use of sterilization in the Philippines in 1973 as a family planning method, it has become more and more widespread. A bar graph, giving yearly percentages of acceptors for 5 family planning methods, for the years 1974 -- 1977, shows sterilization increasing steadily in popularity, from 3% in 1974, to 12.7% in 1977. Objections to sterilization generally stem from sociocultural and religious considerations as well as misconceptions and fear. People have feared that sterilization is a form of mutilation and castration. Due perhaps to the male fears of castration, female sterilization acceptors account for 90.6% of sterilizations in the Philippines. In 1974, the Philippine government's Commission on Population set guidelines for the training of physicians and the setting up of sterilization centers. The guidelines also stipulated that the procedure would be undertaken on a voluntary basis, would not include abortion, and that clients would be informed of all medical implications, particularly the irreversibility of sterilization. Programs for sterilization in the Philippines have different requirements for acceptors; most stipulate parity of 2 to 4. Difficulties have also arisen from the uneven distribution of sterilization providers throughout the country as well as a lack of physicians trained in both male and female sterilization methods. The need to create effective linkages among the various agencies engaged in sterilization work is noted.


Award-winning author Sindiwe Magona has created yet another masterpiece of South African literature as she takes the readers into the country's heartlands. Crafting a novel rich in linguistic brilliance, she embeds isiXhosa phrases and cultural traditions through a captivating oral narrative style, revealing the human sorrows and successes specific to the region but universal in flavour. Through these multifaceted, imaginistic formats, she weaves the tale of a father's unbounding love for his daughter. It is a novel significant for its time when the ravages of fatherless children plague South Africa.


CaCO3polymorphs with rhombohedra,needle-,tree-like morphologies have been synthesized by a convenient hydro-thermal reaction with the absence of additives or elaborating pHcontrol.XRD,SEM,FT-IR and TGA-DTAtechniques wereused to characterize the structural features and thermal behavior of the experi mental products.The experi mental conditions wereexplored systematically and it was found that polymorphs with manifold morphologies of CaCO3could be conveniently synthe-sized by controlling the concentration of reactants.


From the Publisher:
Explore the world in a totally new way -- the Web way! The World Wide Web For Kids & Parents™ is a fun, easy-to-use guide for kids and parents to get up and running on the World Wide Web. If you want to find out how to cruise the Web, send messages, or use the Web's wild and wacky technology to listen to the radio, watch videos, or see friends through the computer, then this is the book for you! Inside, find helpful advice on how to:
Play interactive games with kids around the world Listen to live rock concerts -- yes, live concerts! Build a home of your own on the Web in 60 minutes flat Search the Web's fast resources for school projects, hobbies, and other interests Save on long distance calls -- use the Web as your long distance carrier Turn your computer into a radio and listen to stations from around the world Watch music videos and movie previews on your computer screen Make new friends on the coolest and safest chat sites


Objective: Core idea of this research is to comprehend acute acetaminophen toxicities, towards the determination of N-Acetyl Cysteine, relevant time of onset added by protocol therapy. It also looks into determined outcomes.
Subjects and methods: In current research followed retrospective plan of study with a level of eligibility of 307 patients (among whom 200 are males and 107 are females). These patients were from all the age groups and were suffering from acute acetaminophen toxicities as noted within October 2010 to the month of September 2012. These people also have ingestion acetaminophen through intentional/unintentional aspects, and the level of serum acetaminophen under detectable level.
Results: Poisoned acetaminophen offers determined percentage as per ER visits of 307 poisoning case within 1884 (that is 16.2%). Just 6.2% of entire acetaminophen toxicities offered possible/probable hepatic toxicities added by NAC as prescribed with nearly noted equal distribution made through intentional as well as unintentional poisoning mode (52.7% or 47.3%).
Conclusions: There is complete recovery without any mortality record being featured in current research attributing towards very low chronic alcoholism instances as in relevant case studies.


Every lecturer will certainly encounter a problem of having difficulty in taking attendance of all students present in a lecture hall and this problem is pronounced when the lecturer is conducting a lecture with students of over 100 pax. More often, the lecturer would either spend approximately 5 to 10 minutes to take their attendance or circulate the attendance list around to let students do the attendance checks themselves. However, the abovementioned two approaches have their own underlying shortcomings, such as the former wastes time to perform attendance checks by lecturers themselves while the students might falsify their attendance records for the latter one.
On the other hand, facial recognition system is a type of computer application that can recognize persons from images or videos by analysing and comparing the facial patterns enrolled in its database since every face carries specific and unique facial features that can be a distinctive trait. It becomes prevalent in our daily life thanks to the technologies of both image processing and machine learning advance as time progresses. Prior to facial recognition, the system has to first find out which one is face by adapting facial detection and alignment module from image processing as well as trained with the subjects' faces using machine learning that emulates how the brain wires and how the vision receptive fields behave in a human visual perception. .
In the project, the facial recognition engine is trained with frontal facial images of students by means of machine learning beforehand. Subsequently, the image processing is tasked to detect faces present in the image and crop them to feed into facial recognition system to perform facial recognition. As a result, the recognized faces and respective confidence rates are shown. Henceforth the problem stated in the former paragraph can be alleviated by implementing facial recognition technique in recognizing faces in a crowded indoor images.


Attention is drawn to the interest in the use of the redox potential for the characterization and identification of coordination compounds on the basis of redox potential-structure relationships that define electrochemical parameters, which are shown for a wide variety of ligands and metal sites. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)


This chapter investigates happiness after aging. As people move from middle into older ages, their circumstances and experiences change in many ways. Most people retire; their children leave home and establish independent lives; physical and cognitive capacities decline; and the experience of the death and loss of loved ones becomes more common. These changes influence financial resources, social relationships, independence, and autonomy. At the same time, people who no longer feel bound by the constraints of middle age may find fresh opportunities as they age, together with relief from many important sources of stress. All these processes mean that the determinants of satisfaction with life may change with aging, or at least that the relative importance of the various sources of life-satisfaction may shift as one grows older.


For Beidou navigation receivers, high power microwaves under strong electromagnetic fields may cause their RF front-end amplifiers to break down or even be damaged, so it is necessary to protect their RF front-ends by adding a power limiter to the front end. This paper designs a PIN diode high power limiter for the characteristics of the Beidou navigation receiver. It uses a two-stage limiting circuit structure to increase the power capacity of the power limiter to 30dBm. And it ensures that the insertion loss of the power limiter is less than 1.5dB by using PIN diodes with smaller junction capacitance and QFN package structure. In addition, it adopts a circuit structure of applying forward direct-current bias voltage to the PIN diode, which can reduce the threshold power of the power limiter to less than 0 dBm. Power limiter test results show that the power limiter has an insertion loss of 1.2 dB at the operating frequency, a threshold power of 0 dBm, and a power capacity of 31 dBm. The experimental results are consistent with the design specifications, which proves the feasibility of the power limiter circuit.


In order to be eligible for this program, the student must be either a freshman or a sophomore, with the freshman having preference. An average of 2.5 for the first semester is also necessary. The student should also understand that if he does obtain a job at one of the mills in the program, he is ethically under compulsion to go back to that mill for two more consecutive summers. Some of the main purposes of the plan are to impart to the student first-hand experience in the industry to which he will probably devote a large portion of his life, and to acquaint him with the problems which he will encounter as he continues along in textiles. It also enables students to determine whether they are fully qualified to continue on with their training, and helps to adjust them to engineering methods used in plants. As a whole, its purpose is to develop men who will, upon graduating with their degrees, have a comprehensive knowledge of the textile industry that will enable them to better manage their share of the


Abstract : The introduction of DOD Directive 5000.1, AR 1000-1 and the new material acquisition guidelines has been followed by numerous directives, policy statements, and similar papers that philosophically address the issue of Design to Unit Production Cost (DTUPC). The guidance on DTUPC has been evolutionary in character, and therefore, the report represents a synopsis of the more salient points of DTUPC implementation. As such it describes the DTUPC, explores the criteria of when it should be applied, suggests methods for development of the DTUPC, and provides guidance for the establishment of tracking procedures. The report is of an abstract nature, to be used as a ready reference. It is not meant to be definitive to the point of addressing the DTUPC, as would be the case in a handbook or procedural document. As the DTUPC philosophy continues to evolve and experience is gained, more detailed procedural documents will be published.


The current study examines the influence of workload on disengagement among academician. In addition, the researcher explores the moderating effect of social support on the association between the workload and disengagement. The researcher collected data through an adapted questionnaire from 159 academicians of universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Regression analysis revealed workload has a positive association with disengagement. Furthermore, the results suggest that academician's disengagement might be minimized by making reasonable demands in the working environment. Moreover, results suggested that social support moderates the relationship between workload and disengagement. From the current study, it has been concluded that the level of disengagement will decrease as the level of resources increases. The findings are significant for the academicians, researchers, and policy makers.


The mechanical pulp yield is about 85 to 95% of the original wood, compared with around 45 to 55% for chemical pulp. Hardwood mechanical pulp has the desirable properties of low cost, high opacity and good printing quality due to its high bulk, high smoothness, resiliency, and good ink absorption. Hardwood mechanical pulp tends to have shorter fibers, higher light-scattering coefficient and lower strength value. Eucalyptus plantation tree is a common tropical hardwood species and is used for the production of lower yield chemical pulps such as kraft pulps. It is believed, however, that Eucalyptus mechanical pulp is said to be not suitable for the production of graphical paper grades because of its low initial brightness and limited bleachability. Alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP) and thermomechanical pulping (APTMP) add caustic soda, hydrogen peroxide, and stabilizers to soften and brighten wood chips prior to refining in a disc refiner. The chip pretreatment facility uses a screw feeder device to apply mechanical compression on wood chips and squeezed out the detrimental substances for bleaching. The facility also partially destroys wood matrix of chips allowing for easier fiber separation and reduced refining energy. In our study, APMP and APTMP methods were applied to Eucalyptus-globulus planted trees by pilot plant tests and significant benefits were obtained in bleachability improvement. Eucalyptus APMP reached 87% ISO brightness that exceeded 80% ISO brightness of aspen APMP.


Abstract : The acoustic impedance of several Helmholtz resonators were measured using two different techniques. The first technique employed the conventional Standing Wave Tube method. The second was the Dual-Microphone Transfer Function of J. Y. Chung and D. A. Blaser. The calculability of the frequency dependent Helmholtz resonator impedance allowed the methods to be compared for both absolute accuracy and relative precision. The average relative precision for the SWT technique was 4.2% while the average for the dual-microphone technique was 18.4%. (Author)


Over the course of the last centuries, distribution of income has proven to be perhaps one of the most important determinants of economic development. As such, the relationship between the two has been a source of constant debate. Some argue that inequality is a necessary precursor to economic growth, as those with more economic power can contribute more to economic growth; if an economy grows, all are better off in absolute terms, even if inequality does not abate. Others argue that greater economic equality is a necessary condition for any sustained economic growth. In historical terms, the viewpoint that periods of economic liberalization have led to greater growth and not necessarily greater inequality is seriously flawed, not least for the economic unsustainability of such periods. During the era of globalization, there is an abundance of evidence of increasingly unequal distribution of income. However, such a condition does not only have economic implications. Economic inequality equals an unequal distribution of power. As the gap deepens between the democratic ideals of political equality and growing economic inequality, the risks of the system collapsing also rise. As modern capitalism enters into a new era, new forms of democracy must be addressed.


It is proved strictly based on general relativity that two important factors are neglected in LIGO experiments by using Michelson interferometers so that fatal mistakes were caused. One is that the gravitational wave changes the wavelength of light. Another is that light's speed is not a constant when gravitational waves exist. According to general relativity, gravitational wave affects spatial distance, so it also affects the wavelength of light synchronously. By considering this fact, the phase differences of lasers were invariable when gravitational waves passed through Michelson interferometers. In addition, when gravitational waves exist, the spatial part of metric changes but the time part of metric is unchanged. In this way, light's speed is not a constant. When the calculation method of time difference is used in LIGO experiments, the phase shift of interference fringes is still zero. So the design principle of LIGO experiment is wrong. It was impossible for LIGO to detect gravitational wave by using Michelson interferometers. Because light's speed is not a constant, the signals of LIGO experiments become mismatching. It means that these signals are noises actually, caused by occasional reasons, no gravitational waves are detected really. In fact, in the history of physics, Michelson and Morley tried to find the absolute motion of the earth by using Michelson interferometers but failed at last. The basic principle of LIGO experiment is the same as that of Michelson-Morley experiment in which the phases of lights were invariable. Only zero result can be obtained, so LIGO experiments are destined failed to find gravitational waves.


Investments in direct real estate are inherently difficult to segment compared to other asset classes due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of the asset. The most common segmentation in real estate investment analysis relies on property sector and geographical region. In this paper, we compare the predictive power of existing industry classifications with a new type of segmentation using cluster analysis on a number of relevant property attributes including the equivalent yield and size of the property as well as information on lease terms, number of tenants and tenant concentration. The new segments are shown to be distinct and relatively stable over time. In a second stage of the analysis, we test whether the newly generated segments are able to better predict the resulting financial performance of the assets than the old dichotomous segments. Applying both discriminant and neural network analysis we find mixed evidence for this hypothesis. Overall, we conclude from our analysis that each of the two approaches to segmenting the market has its strengths and weaknesses so that both might be applied gainfully in real estate investment analysis and fund management.


An alternative distributional assumption is proposed for the stochastic volatility model. This results in extremely flexible tail behaviour of the sampling distribution for the observables, as well as in the availability of a simple Markov Chain Monte Carlo strategy for posterior analysis. By allowing the tail behaviour to be determined by a separate parameter, we reserve the parameters of the volatility process to dictate the degree of volatility clustering. Treatment of a mean function is formally integrated in the analysis. Some empirical examples on both stock prices and exchange rates clearly indicate the presence of fat tails, in combination with high levels of volatility clustering. In addition, predictive distributions indicate a good fit with these typical financial data sets.


This study explores several issues around the Proposal of Korean National Long-term Care Insurance for Elders in order to make some suggestions for the incoming proposal. As of July in 2005, Korean government launched the demonstration project of National long-term care insurance based on the 2004 national LTC proposal by the National Committee on Long-term care for elders. The proposal, however, still has some controversial issues needed to further discuss around. In the first section, this article summarizes and explores the 2004 LTC proposal on long-term care for elders. In particular, this study look into the principles, funding methods, the way to enhance infrastructure and a screening system. Next section this study discusses the weakness and strength of alternatives on the funding methods. The study founds that there are still controversy about that a social insurance system fits for public long-term care for elders. The study also discusses the implication of the national LTC proposal to the professional fields of nursing, social work, and alternative medicine. The study also discusses the additional factors to be considered in the coming LTC proposal such as ideology, the role of local government and care management of the antional LTC policy. These key issues are ignored or lightly considered in the current LTC proposal. For better-designed LTC policy, several issues mentioned in this study should be re-considered with various feasible alternatives.


Materials and methods: To study megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis ovule ontogeny, flowers at anthesis and flower buds at different stages of development were analyzed. They were fixed in FFA (formalin: glacial acetic acid: ethanol 5:5:90 parts with 70% ethanol). The material was embedded in paraffin, cut into 8-14 μm sections and treated according to classical paraffin methods. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The microphotos were made with Nikon ECLIPSE (DXM 1200). All the sections were studied under a light microscope.


A new flavanol derivative dihydrocaffeic acid-(3→8)-epicatechin together with two known derivatives, (+)-catechin and catechin-(4β→8)-catechin were isolated from the stem bark of a mangrove plant Xylocarpus granatum . Their structures were established using 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as HRMS-FAB, EIMS, IR and UV spectra. The compounds were evaluated for DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power and they exhibited higher activity compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) which is a commercially available antioxidant. Catechin-(4β→8)-catechin showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 4.5 μg/mL.  © 2010 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Xylocarpus granatum , flavanol derivative, antioxidant activity.


Melanoma patients are advised to perform regular risk‐reduction practices, including sun protection as well as skin self‐examinations (SSEs) and physician‐led examinations. Melanoma‐specific communication regarding family risk and screening may promote such behaviors. To this end, associations between patients' melanoma‐specific communication and risk reduction were examined.


Background: Cancer immunotherapy has provided durable responses and improved survival in a subset of patients with advanced disease. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) and copy number alterations (CNA) have been shown to be associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However, the prognostic and predictive role of TMB and CNA across different types of advanced cancer has not yet been clarified. Methods: We analyzed the prognostic value of TMB and CNA respectively and in combination across different types of advanced cancers from MSK-IMPACT sequencing cohort. For predictive analysis, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n=240) and skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM, n=174) patients from previous studies were analyzed for efficacy to ICIs by TMB and CNA respectively and in combination. Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank tests were used to estimate correlations of these molecular classifiers with progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Findings: Patients with low TMB level had longer OS in most cancer types including NSCLC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), colon and rectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) and prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) compared with patients with high TMB level. Similarly, patients with low CNA level had longer OS in most cancer types including NSCLC, bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA), breast cancer (BRCA), PRAD and glioblastoma (GBM) compared with patients with high CNA level as well. Furthermore, the combination of TMB and CNA level could serve as a better prognosis biomarker in almost all of the cancer types above. In predictive cohort, high TMB (p=0.009) level and low SCNA (p=0.052) level was associated with longer PFS in NSCLC patients receiving anti-PD1/L1 treatment respectively. For SKCM cohort, patients with low CNA level (p Interpretation: This study shows that TMB and CNA represent both a prognostic and predictive factor of outcomes. Furthermore, the combination of TMB and CNA can jointly stratify metastatic cancers into groups with different prognosis and clinical responses to ICI treatment. It might guide immunotherapeutic decisions for patients with metastatic cancer. Citation Format: Xin-Ran Tang, Zhong Yi Dong, Dehua Wu. Prognostic and predictive role of tumor mutation burden and copy number alterations across metastatic cancer: Immunotherapeutic implications [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4065.


The seafood products are considered as an important element in the Mediterranean diet and play a significant role in the appearance of diseases and food poisoning. Forty samples of seafood products from various provenances of eastern coast of Algeria were randomly collected from several retail markets at the Constantine region. Total bacterial counts of Aerobic Mesophilic bacteria, Salmonella spp., total and fecal coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Sulphite reducing anaerobes bacteria, Vibrio spp., were measured. 39 samples (97.5%) of the seafood product analysed, were inappropriate for human consumption, solely one sample 2.5 % of sardines were suitable for human consumption. Salmonella spp., was detected in one sample (3% of Sardines), Total and fecal coliforms were detected in 39 samples, Clostridium spp. were detected in 5 samples. No strain of Staphylococcus aureus and vibrio were detected. The results of this study constitute an indicator of bacteriological contamination and showed that samples markets were contaminated with potential pathogenic microorganisms.


Aluminium alloys are light-weight and have superior workability and corrosion resistance; consequently they are employed for a range of structures and products. For example, an investigation was carried out in the automobile sector into light weight car body techniques where environmental issues are taken into account whilst also ensuring safety. 2,3 Not only European automobile manufacturers but also Japanese – American automobile manufacturers are giving high priority to investigation into the employment of aluminium alloys to automobiles. Laser welding, laser-arc hybrid welding as well as conventional spot welding are extensively studied as aluminium alloy welding processes. In particular, the laser-arc hybrid welding process has been extensively studied as a method to compensate for the disadvantages of both laser and arc welding and to give synergistic effect to the advantages of the two; cases have been reported recently where the YAG laser-MIG arc hybrid welding process is applied in welding process lines. However, there are a range of laser and arc heat sources employed in laser-arc hybrid welding, there are a number of parameters to set and the effects of these parameters upon welding are complex; consequently there are numerous welding process phenomena which have yet to be fully understood. In particular, much attention has been given to the laser welding of aluminium alloys and also the use of diode lasers as hybrid welding heat sources has been studied. For this study, with the above as a background, the melting characteristics of commercially available A5052 aluminium alloy during laser-arc hybrid welding were investigated; either a YAG laser or diode laser with varied wavelength was employed as the laser heat source, a MIG arc was used as the arc heat source and the aluminium alloy laser absorption wavelength dependence was studied. In particular, the laser reflectivity for both the material solid and molten states was measured; based upon these data, the wavelength dependence of laser absorption, reported to date, and the effects upon laserMIG arc hybrid welding were examined. Experimental method


The aim of this study was to evaluate an HIV-related risk reduction programme for heterosexual university students using a pre-post test intervention design. Participants included 814 university students, of which 351 (43.1 %) were males and 423 (52.0 %) were females with a mean age of 19.3 years (SD=2.6). Results indicated that HIV-related knowledge; condom knowledge and risk perception were enhanced by the HIV- related risk reduction programme. However, there is a need for improvement, especially with regard to attitudes towards condoms since some students still had negative attitudes even after the intervention programme. Key Words: Evaluation, HIV-risk reduction intervention, university students, South Africa. AJPHERD Vol.10(3) 2004: 180-192


This paper presents the definition of abstract data type (ADT) in dynamic Piece-Linear Aggregate (PLA) model. The introduced ADT permits to describe structural changes in the hierarchical dynamic PLA (dynPLA). In order to formalize the specification of abstract data type, the Z language is used. The application of ADT in specification of dynPLA is demonstrated by an example - the transaction processing system.


This study aims to determine the relationship of self control andsocial maturity either partially or simultaneously with hedonisticlifestyle in Islamic students in Yogyakarta. The subjects of this study
are students of Yogyakarta State Islamic University, amounting to 100(N = 100) people. Data collection tools used in this study are selfcontrolscale (self-control in thinking (cognition), self-control in
feelings (emotion), and self-control in behavior (conation) Socialmaturity (direct social contact, frequency, or activity), and hedoniclifestyles (activities, interests, and opinions) .The sampling technique
of this research is Purpossive Random Sampling.The method of dataanalysis of this study using regression analysis.The results showed thebeta coefficient of each independent variable is negative, meaningeach increase in self-control and social maturity will be followed by adecrease in the variable of the hiudp hedonis style.The controlvariable has a probability (0.011) smaller than a significant level of0.05, so there is a negative and significant relationship between selfcontroland hedonic lifestyle.14 Social maturity variables have valueprobability (0.002) is smaller than the significant level of 0.05, so
there is h negative and significant relationship between socialmaturity and hedonic lifestyle. F value with significant 0.000 <0,05 (p<0,05), so there is relationship of self control and social maturity
simultaneously with hedonic lifestyle. The hedonic lifestyle is affectedby self control and social maturity of 19.4%. While the rest of 80.6%influenced by other factors.


The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the implementation of evaluation and development based on organizational and psychological principles of the curriculum at Daar El Manshur Islamic Boarding School. This study also aims to determine the trend of the model used in evaluating the curriculum at Daar El Manshur Islamic Boarding School. This study uses qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews with informants. This research was conducted at Daar El Manshur Islamic Boarding School, Depok City, West Java. The results of the analysis show that the Daar El Manshur Islamic Boarding School, which has only been established for 4 years, still has many limitations. However, the curriculum development team and teachers at the Daar El Manshur Islamic Boarding School continue to create syllabus, lesson plans, and teaching materials that can make it easier for students to learn and remain enthusiastic to get more knowledge about the Islamic education curriculum in order to instill Islamic character in students. The results of the analysis also show that the tendency of the model used in evaluating the curriculum at the Daar El Manshur Islamic Boarding School is a combination of formative and summative evaluation models.


Study investigated relationship between teachers' interventions and standard seven pupils' academic performance. Research was carried out in Nakuru Municipality. Twenty seven primary schools in the municipality were purposively sampled. Data was analyzed through SPSS 10.0. Level of significance was α = 0.05. It was found out that teachers' gender had 2= 10.255, df= 6, p = 0.115; Cramer's V= 0.616 and age r = -0.17, p= 0.198. Academic level rho= -0.107, p= 0.297, length of experience r = -0.105, p= 0.302. Training in guidance and counseling children in difficult circumstances 2= 7.174, df= 6, p = 0.846; Cramer's, V= 0.515. Findings indicated that demographic data of teachers had little or no influence on their efficacy in assisting children affected by post-election violence overcome trauma and its effects on academic performance. All teachers could assist pupils' overcome trauma and hence improve their academic performance. However over 40% of teachers were unhappy serving as class teachers. Study recommended procedures of selecting teachers to serve as class teachers.


A brush pen is one of traditional writing tools, and it is used to practice the writing characters in schools. Handwriting with the brush pen requires some basic skills for pupils and students. For example, they must keep speed of the brush pen while drawing strokes. In order to support hand writing practice, motion analysis of the written character is necessary. In this paper, we developed a new human-computer interface for hand writing character that uses ordinal papers and brush pen. Strokes written by the brush pen can be inputted into a computer by using a CCD camera. And the strokes written by the brush pen can be reconstructed and displayed as a character on the computer display at the realistic rate. We developed an algorithm to evaluate the character.


The article seeks to redraw some key discussions on death in Banaras by focusing on the subject matter of the 'dead' rather than that of death. Pitched in the shadow of select earlier works on anthropology of death pertaining to Banaras, the general probing centres on the query whether the three realms of dying, death and dead can be delinked and thus seen in a certain relative autonomy from each other. Further, how do the anthropological accounts of death get refracted when seen from the vantage point of the dead? Based on ethnographic fieldwork at intertwined field sites of the home and the hospital, manual and electric cremation ghat and the shaivite aghorashram (hermitage) in relation to the river Ganga, the descriptions involve discussion over declaration of death versus discovery of the dead, distinction between touching and handling of the dead and latent implications of the varied names of the dead. The core concern of the article is to explore the nature of the social vis-à-vis the dead. I show how, unlike the anthropology of death that very often reiterates communitarian restoration (pravah), an anthropology of the dead may haltingly resist such reading and seek a continual searching of the indefinite social (parvah).


ABSTRACT This paper discusses the marriage bar in Southern Rhodesia's labour market. It extends the analysis of the marriage bar. Over and above restrictions to enter the labour market, white women in colonial Zimbabwe, over time, also faced restrictions in terms of their conditions of service once they had entered the market. Married women, for example, were not permitted into permanent employment and, therefore, did not enjoy the benefits associated with fixed establishment. Married white women also had limited opportunities for promotion. Various justifications were proffered to maintain this status quo. However, by and large, hegemonic patriarchies played an important role in entrenching the domestic ideology that fuelled the marriage bar in its various forms. As the paper demonstrates, the marriage bar did not go unchallenged and, in 1971, married women's restrictions regarding permanent employment were lifted. Of course, these legalistic undertakings were not always immediately reflected in practice partly because perceptions about married white women as primarily mothers and wives lingered on.


Lone arrangers should first concentrate on making their archives feasible and " good enough, " then identify and prioritize projects, such as writing more descriptive finding aids for key collections, pinpointing materials with preservation or conservation issues, or digitizing fragile or historically significant items. Reference and outreach are complicated for lone arrangers, as they must balance aiding researchers with the rest of their duties. Zamon suggests limited hours, but warns, " It is up to you to enforce your own access policy. " She differentiates between providing reference and research services. Reference connects patrons to the information they seek and educates them on how to search for material. Research is finding the specific information for the researcher. The latter may be the more realistic option for small repositories and can be streamlined by creating vertical files of duplicates of frequently requested items, FAQs, lists of important people or events, and time-lines. Equally imperative is outreach and internal advocacy activities, such as Web sites, exhibits, presentations, workshops, classroom use of archival materials, oral history projects, community programs, and social media. Case studies from diverse institutions demonstrate solutions to archival challenges. Photographs of archives and lone arrangers and figures containing policies to incorporate into one's own institution are also included; Zamon also adds a deed of gift that is too vague to be useful as an example of what to avoid. Selected readings and a resource guide of national and regional organizations append the book. The Lone Arranger: Succeeding in a Small Repository is an excellent book, recommended for those with no formal training in managing archives. While the books in the Society of American Archivists' Archival Fundamentals Series II provide an in-depth, theoretical understanding of archives, this book is meant as a practical resource for those with minimal time to get an archives operational. Zamon provides the essentials on how to administer an archives, and the book serves as both an introduction to how archives should function , as well as an aide memoire of archival basics for experienced professionals.—Mar-got Note, World Monuments Fund, New York. Librarians are no strangers to collaboration ; many have worked with faculty to provide integrated information literacy instruction or other academic services, such as computing, to create learning commons. It is somewhat surprising, however, that there's so little published about library partnerships with student affairs, especially when one considers their services and support in various …


. Sokolov, L.V., Markovets, M.Yu. & Yu. G. Morozov (1999): Long-term dynamics of the mean date of autumn migration in passerines on the Courish Spit of the Baltic Sea. Avian Ecol. Behav. 2: 1-18. The analysis of the mean date of autumn migration in juveniles in 26 passerine species over 40 years (1959-1998) revealed considerable inter-annual variation in the majority of species. In many species the mean date of autumn migration varied in parallel. In the 1960s eleven bird species migrated earlier through the Courish Spit compared with the 1970s. In the 1980s, compared with the 1970s, such a trend was revealed in 15 species. In the 1990s, compared with the 1980s, a tendency towards later migration was recorded in eight species. Similar trends were also found in adults in eight species. A comparison of the timing of autumn migration of juveniles with mean monthly ambient temperatures in spring, summer and autumn showed a significant or nearly significant negative correlation in 14 species, mainly with April temperature. A significant positive relationship between the timing of autumn migration and post-fledging dispersal was revealed in nine species out of 13 tested. In the Great Tit Parus major and Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs we found a significant positive relationship between the timing of breeding and the mean date of autumn passage of adults. We conclude that the main reason of long-term variation of the timing of autumn passage in passerines in our study area are long-term climate fluctuations in Europe in the 20th century. Warmings observed in the northern hemisphere in the 1960s and even more pronounced in the 1980s caused a shift towards earlier arrival in spring and earlier breeding in many passerines (Sokolov et al. 1998, Sokolov & Payevsky 1998). This caused a respective shift in the timing of autumn migration in a number of species. Colder periods in the 1970s and to some extent in the 1990s, to the contrary, resulted in later migration in some passerines. Future trends will depend on annual dynamics of spring ambient temperature in Europe.


Insulin analogues have been used in the treatment of diabetes in pregnancy and some of them off-label. To know the efficacy and safety of insulin analogues ...


Objective To study the distribution of phlebotomine sand flies(PS) in Jinn and Heilongjiang Provinces, Northeast China. Methods From June to August, 1992, an overall research ofPS was carried out. Results Among 14 cities and counties surveyed, a species of PS-PhlebotomusChinensis was first and only discovered in Mount Longtang in Jinn City of Jinn Province. PS is absentfrom 44° N to the north. Conclusions PS has been discovered in Jinn city of Jinn Province. We didnot discover the distribution of PS in Heilongjiang Province.[


Humour is a part of our daily lives. Even though we come across humour a lot, it is often not understood exactly why we laugh or what makes us laugh. Analysing humour would give us that insight. One prevalent medium of humour is film. There are many classical comedy films, but this thesis focuses on one specific film, Monty Python and the Holy Grail, analysing the humour in it using different theories from cognitive linguistics. Monty Python and the Holy Grail was released in 1976, and still is one of the funniest low-budget films out there. The paper gives a short overview of the approaches and theories in humour. It also gives an overview of cognitive linguistics and three theories from cognitive semantics. The goal of this paper is to analyse the humour in Monty Python and the Holy Grail using theories from cognitive semantics. The analysis tries to explain different aspects of humour in the dialogue. In the first section of the paper there is a short overview on humour, the main approaches to humour and the prevalent theories in humour studies. The second section of the paper gives an overview of the field of cognitive linguistics and gives a summary of the primary metaphor theory, the mental spaces theory and the blending theory. The third section of the paper focuses on the analysis of the dialogue from the film using the three previously mentioned theories.


A 60 cm warm bore imaging and spectroscopy magnet has been constructed and placed in operation at the Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory (FBNML). The magnet achieved its design central field of 2.0 T but is currently being operated at 1.5 T. It operates in the persistent mode with a measured decay rate of less than 0.03 ppm/hr. Employment of both 10 superconducting shims and small ferromagnetic shims located close to the warm bore has resulted in a homogencity of better than 3 ppm throughout the 25 cm diameter spherical volume (DSV). Room temperature shim coils have not been incorporated into the system. A novel form of compact shielded pulsed gradient coil system has been designed, constructed and tested. In such a system, appropriate configuration of an external shield coil results in cancellation of external flux without the introduction of impurity harmonics that degrade the linearity of the gradients. Six sets (X, Y, Z coils, and X, Y, Z shields) have been incorporated into a unit of 6 cm build. The all aluminum cryostat employs a 77 K nitrogen recondenser and a shield cooler operating at less than 20 K. Steady state helium consumption is about 50 ml/hour. The system is currently being used for both high resolution, in-vivo31P-NMR spectroscopy and a variety of MRI experiments including23Na imaging of eyes.


Abstract In the past two decades, British public administration has been subjected to substantial reform. First, a set of changes that came to be identified with the New Public Management (NPM) movement altered the structures and operations of the state. More recently, moves toward information-age government, or e-government, have prompted further change. This article examines first the nature, mechanics, and causes of change in British public administration, and then how reform has reshaped the state both internally and externally (in its relationship with civil society). It concludes by speculating briefly about the future course of reform.


This Final Report of the European Federation of Professional Psychologists' Associations (EFPPA) Task Force on Health Psychology defines the nature and scope of health psychology and its possible future development to the year 2000 and beyond. Training needs and objectives are specified for professional health psychologists working in Europe. Practical and policy implications of medical progress and societal changes are discussed. The future development of health psychology as a profession depends on putting theory and policy into practice through the implementation of high quality training. Currently there are relatively few European countries where this has yet happened. Training programmes need to be introduced in all European countries within the framework of each member- country's national laws, regulations and practices.


Achieving effective dropwise capture and ultrafast water transport is essential for fog harvesting. In nature, Cactus uses the conical spine with micro-barbs to effectively capture fog while Sarracenia utilizes the trichome with hierarchical microchannels to quickly transport water. Herein, we combined their advantages to present a novel configuration, spine with barbs and hierarchical channels (SBHC), for simultaneous ultrafast water transport and high-efficient fog harvesting. This bio-inspired SBHC exhibited the fastest water transport ability and the highest fog harvesting efficiency in comparison with spine with hierarchical channels (SHC), spine with barbs and grooves (SBG) and spine with barbs (SB). Based on the fundamental SBHC unit, we further designed and fabricated a 2D spider-web alike fog collector and a 3D cactus alike fog collector using direct laser structuring and Origami techniques. The 2D spider-web and 3D cactus alike fog collectors showed high-efficient fog collection capacity. We envision that this fundamental understanding and rational design strategy can be applied in fog harvesting, heat transfer, liquid manipulation, and microfluidics.


. We study the submanifolds in the unit sphere S n + p with constant scalar curvature and parallel normalized mean curvature vector field. In this case, we can generalize the work of the second author about hypersurfaces in [8] to submanifolds in a unit sphere.


S OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY Volume: 241 Meeting Abstract: 294-PHYS Published: MAR 27 2011 We use multiphoton ionization and double resonance spectroscopy to study the excited state dynamics of biologically relevant molecules as well as prebiotic nucleobases, isolated in the gas phase. Molecules that are biologically relevant to life today tend to exhibit short excited state lifetimes compared to similar but non-biologically relevant analogs. The mechanism is internal conversion, which may help protect the biologically active molecules from UV damage. This process is governed by conical intersections that depend very strongly on molecular structure. Therefore we have studied purines and pyrimidines with systematic variations of structure, including substitutions, tautomeric forms, and cluster structures that represent different base pair binding motifs. These structural variations also include possible alternate base pairs that may shed light on prebiotic chemistry. With this in mind we have begun to probe the ultrafast dynamics of molecules that exhibit very short excited states and search for evidence of internal conversions. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=2012001346


Photocurrent sensitizing dye sandwiched between a Ti02 single crystal doped n-type and a Au overlayer has been studied using photovoltaic techniques. A theoretical model was developed to explain the observed photovoltaic properties. The model assumes that the principal route for the formation of charge carriers is via singlet excitons diffusing to the merocyanine Ti02 interface followed by dissociation of the excitons into electron-hole pairs, the electrons being injected into the Ti0 2 conduction band and the hoJes into the merocyanine. The model also incorporates field dependence of the quantum efficiency for charge generation. An exciton diffusion o length of 7S A was determined by analyzing the short circuit action spectra using the theoretical model developed. The low fill factor of 0.35 for these cells was attributed to the field dependence of the quantum efficiency and the high series resistance of the undoped merocyanine films. Doping the merocyanine films with iodine was found to increase both the dark conductivity and the steady -state photoconductivity, the latter by as much as a factor of five. This resulted in a quantum yield of 12% o for a 500 A thick film and an increase in the fill factor to 0.44 giving a monochromatic power conversion efficiency of 0.4% at 520 nm. The carrier generation in iodine doped films is shown to result from a bulk process, possibly involving collisions between singlet excitons and acceptor-hole complexes resulting in activation out of the bound states formed by the charge-transfer complex. The quenching of excitons in the immediate vicinity of the metal ~ surface was studied by monitoring the photoconductive response of a 200A merocyanine film with varying thickness of perylene sandwiched between the metal and the merocyanine. Perylene was shown to be able to transport the photoexcited holes from the merocyanine to the Au electrode. The quantum _ efficiency for photo-carrier production increased to a maximum of 21% for o a 750A thick perylene layer. cells, the dissociation of excitons at the merocyanine/Ti02 interface in the injection of a free hole into the merocyanine with a negative image charge in the Ti02 conduction band. course correlated brownian motion, both


In Europe, the basic education for sales personnel in the insurance industries is regulated by law to guarantee a secure customer oriented sales process. This education mainly targets insurance-knowledge, -law, -conditions and the sales process. It does not prepare the attendees for their working life as a self-employed worker. To overcome this problem online business games are used because of their abilities to master complexity, to achieve higher cognitive objectives, to learn from mistakes without risk through trial and error, and to learn from operating experience through time-lapse. On the basis of the online business game "SiVA" – a simulation of an insurance agency – the impact on the future working life of a self-employed worker in the insurance industries is discussed and documented through a survey in one of the leading insurance companies in Germany.


Formation of the metallic core in Earth (and other terrestrial planets) is not thought to have completely removed metallic iron from the lower mantle, where metallic iron might therefore be expected to occur as a widespread minor component [1]. We provide a new interpretation of metallic carbide inclusions in some diamond, which support a very high pressure origin from the lower mantle. Unlike rare carbides reported from diamonds previously without silicon [2], some diamonds from Jagersfontein coexist with iron-rich carbides which do contain significant silicon and oxygen, including in some cases their partial exsolution products. Based on an experimental calibration for liquid iron coexisting with lower mantle perovskite [3], we are able to show that some carbides were likely derived from pressures of approximately 45 GPa, or depths of>1100 km. This potential geobarometer has not been corrected for the behaviour of carbon in the liquid iron system, which might be an important experimental goal. The recognition of this independent carbide geobarometer offers an important new tool to confirm the superdeep origin of some diamond. The carbide-bearing diamonds are from a group whose charcteristics have recently been described [5]. Their distinctive light carbon isotopic signature (δC∼ 17 % ) coupled with evidence for very low contents nitrogen which is nonetheless highly aggregated, might be interpreted as indicative of subducted carbon. However, we are also open to the possibility that the bulk carbon isotopic composition of the Earth might also be different from the normal mantle value (δC ∼ 6 % ), in which case the potential 0.4 wt% C in the Earth's core could also be isotopically very light, as suggested by Grady et al [6].


A pulse modulator , for driving Ka, band IMPATT diodes is described , which enables chirp controland optimization of oscillator performance via current pulse shaping .Peak powers in excess of 20Watts havebeen achieved , with a pulse duration of 250ns and 0.1% duty cycle.


The author conducted multiple studies regarding the influences of ambient temperatures on his glucoses, including cold weather's negative influences on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hot weather's positive influences on postprandial plasma glucose (PPG). As a result, he incorporated ambient temperature or weather temperature as one of the ~20 influential factors of glucose formation in his AI-based glucose prediction model. In his presentation at one of the European medical conferences in 2018, one medical doctor in the audience inquired whether his research work was conducted regarding the inter-relationship between body temperature and glucose. Not until 10/1/2020 did the author start to measure his body temperature on a daily basis. As of 6/2/2021, he collected a sufficient amount of his own body temperature data for a period of 8+ months or precisely 245 days. This report covers the triple inter-relationship existing between body temperature versus glucose, body temperature versus blood pressure (BP), and glucose versus BP using simple statistical correlation coefficient calculations.


Abstract. Diagnosing the variability in prospective inter-specific interactions informs both our understanding of particular species as well as how the ecological complex of which they can be a part are altered by their presence. This study uses empirical field descriptions, complemented by published floras and the resources at centers for species conservation, to explore macro-ecological patterns in interactions between plants and ants. I describe on-plant foraging by ants on 70 plant species (11 families, 29 genera) in the Sonoran Desert region, highlighting particular combinations of plant species, ontogenetic stages, and season where forager visitation is disproportionately high or low. Through my plant-ant association surveys, I find species-specific descriptions of on-plant foraging: (1) are qualitatively similar among sites (an arboretum and a wilder location), (2) can predict the activities of ground foraging ants at the patch scale (plant neighborhoods of 12 m2), (3) show plant community types within the warm North American deserts have diverging likelihoods of on-plant foraging, and (4) brief inspections can describe among-plant variation in likelihoods of visitation by ants as well as herbivores that can be deterred by ants.


Abstract The forecastability of a blocking episode during January 1985 over Europe and the eastern Atlantic Ocean is studied with forecast ensembles. Ten-member ensembles from version CCM2 (at T42 resolution) of the Community Climate Model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research are initialized at various lead times prior to the analyzed block onset and run out to 14 days. Particular attention is focused on the ensemble initialized five days prior to block onset since, of all the ensembles, this one was characterized by the greatest variability concerning the block-onset prediction. Two of the 10 members of this particular ensemble predicted a transition from unblocked to blocked flow over the Atlantic–Europe half of the Northern Hemisphere during the 14-day forecast range, but not without error; details regarding the timing and/or location of the block were misforecast. A comparison of these ensemble members, plus one other that did not predict a transition to blocking, with the corresponding ana...


Although sketch-to-photo retrieval has a wide range of applications, it is costly to obtain paired and rich-labeled ground truth. Differently, photo retrieval data is easier to acquire. Therefore, previous works pre-train their models on rich-labeled photo retrieval data (i.e., source domain) and then fine-tune them on the limited-labeled sketch-to-photo retrieval data (i.e., target domain). However, without co-training source and target data, source domain knowledge might be forgotten during the fine-tuning process, while simply co-training them may cause negative transfer due to domain gaps. Moreover, identity label spaces of source data and target data are generally disjoint and therefore conventional category-level Domain Adaptation (DA) is not directly applicable. To address these issues, we propose an Instance-level Heterogeneous Domain Adaptation (IHDA) framework. We apply the fine-tuning strategy for identity label learning, aiming to transfer the instance-level knowledge in an inductive transfer manner. Meanwhile, labeled attributes from the source data are selected to form a shared label space for source and target domains. Guided by shared attributes, DA is utilized to bridge cross-dataset domain gaps and heterogeneous domain gaps, which transfers instance-level knowledge in a transductive transfer manner. Experiments show that our method has set a new state of the art on three sketch-to-photo image retrieval benchmarks without extra annotations, which opens the door to train more effective models on limited-labeled heterogeneous image retrieval tasks.


Background. The study is conducted to investigate the content and spatial distribution of Fe and eight heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in soils of the industrially developed region. Materials and methods. A total of 1,170 soil samples of different land use (natural, agricultural, urban) were collected from topsoils in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Heavy metals concentrations in soil samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry after 5M HNO3 extraction. Multivariate and geostatistical analyses were used to investigate the current state of soil heavy metal contamination and to identify spatial patterns and possible sources of heavy metals on the regional scale. Results. Zonal soil types of a natural land use were used to assess the regional background values of the heavy metals: Cd – 0.44±0.24 mg/kg, Co – 10.4±3.6 mg/kg, Cr – 23.3±12.7 mg/kg, Cu – 16.4±7.8 mg/kg, Fe – 15275.4±5178.3 mg/kg, Mn – 652.4±228.4 mg/kg, Ni – 29.8±18.8 mg/kg, Pb – 11.5±3.2 mg/kg, Zn – 43.3±12.8 mg/kg. The results of the pollution evaluation showed the absence of regionalscale contamination directly related to agriculture. Urban soils were contaminated by Cu, Pb and Zn. Geostatistical analysis revealed several patterns of regional distribution of heavy metals and suggested an anthropogenic impact to the Cu, Pb and Zn distribution. Principal component analysis allowed distinguishing three regional geochemical groups of heavy metals and showed that at the regional scale the distribution of Cu, Mn and Ni is controlled by the element richness in soil parent material, overlayed by the soil forming factors; the distribution of the Co, Cr and Fe is controlled mainly by lithology; and the distribution of the Pb, Zn and Cd is strongly influenced by the anthropogenic sources. Conclusion. This case study demonstrates that a combination of multivariate statistics and geostatistical analysis together with the pollution assessment allows comprehensive characterizing heavy metals spatial distribution and determining their sources.


D solid mold was created by parameterized design software,and finite element analysis software was used to do numerical analysis for calculating the intensity of die casting machine's dynamic moldboard.It provides important evidence for finding unsubstantial places,modifying the structure and improving the design.


This pioneering study shows that economic integration in the Americas is not simply a matter of removing trade barriers. Economic Integration in the Americas addresses the pervasive effects of economic integration on the economy as a whole.


This study aims to analyze how the government's policy response, that is the government's responsibility to provide infrastructure needed by the community and cash assistance, as well as social capital owned by the poor to increase of community empower of the poor in Aceh. This study used primary data sourced from surveys of poor households with questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 300 respondents in Aceh, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out in three districts that represented three economic growth zones in Aceh. The data collection techniques were carried out by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by structural equation modelling analysis. Before conducting the test structural models, it is ensured that all constructs have met the test of fit index. Structural model test results found that the construct of social capital, has an influence on improving the empower of the poor in Aceh. While government policy responses have little effect, this indicates that the government's responsibility to empower the poor needs to be directed towards empowerment programs rather than providing cash assistance. All indicators tested had a value indicator above the cut-off, but some indicators had great value. Indicators in the social capital that contribute greatly to improving the empower of the poor were groups and networks, solidarity and communication. While the indicator of cash aids is of little effect on increasing the empower of the poor. The government or policy maker can intervene the indicators that have a major contribution as a strategy to improve the empower of the poor in Aceh. Keywords—Empowerment; Social capital; poverty, Construct; Indicator; Government responsibility


Abstract Objectives To determine the criterion validity and user acceptability of the Healthy Eating Self-Monitoring Tool (HEST), a CD-ROM-mediated food record for measuring fruit and vegetable consumption among economically disadvantaged black adolescents. Design Item intakes, daily intake measures of fruit, vegetables and juices, and daily and total fruit and vegetable intake assessed with the HEST over a 3 d interval were compared with observed intake using Spearman correlations and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests. Mean ratings of participants' interest in, enjoyment of and likelihood of recommending the HEST to peers were compared with an a priori criterion rating for establishing user acceptability of the HEST. Setting Youth services agencies in New York City. Subjects Eighty-nine black adolescents aged 11 to 14 years. Results Spearman correlations were significant for 67 % of items, for daily intake measures of fruit (days 1 and 3), vegetables and juices (days 1 and 2), and for fruit and vegetable intake (all three days). Wilcoxon signed ranks tests found non-significant intake differences for 78 % of these items, for daily intake measures of fruit and vegetables, and for fruit and vegetable intake (days 2 and 3). HEST-recorded 3 d intake of 14·65 servings was significantly correlated with and did not differ significantly from observed 3 d intake of 15·21 servings. Youths' HEST-recorded intake was accurate to within 0·56 of a serving of their observed intake. Mean ratings of the HEST were above the criterion rating across user acceptability dimensions assessed. Conclusions The HEST is a promising food record approach that is acceptable to youths.


We revisit the lower bound on binary tidal deformability imposed by a luminous kilonova/macronova, AT 2017gfo, by numerical-relativity simulations of models that are consistent with gravitational waves from the binary neutron star merger GW170817. Contrary to the claim made in the literature, we find that binaries with can explain the luminosity of AT 2017gfo, as long as moderate mass ejection from the remnant is assumed as had been done in previous work. The reason is that the maximum mass of a neutron star is not strongly correlated with the tidal deformability of neutron stars with a typical mass of ≈1.4 M⊙. If the maximum mass is so large that the binary does not collapse into a black hole immediately after merger, the mass of the ejecta can be sufficiently large irrespective of the binary tidal deformability. We present models of binary mergers with down to 242 that satisfy the requirement on the mass of the ejecta from the luminosity of AT 2017gfo. We further find that the luminosity of AT 2017gfo could be explained by models that do not experience bounce after merger. We conclude that the luminosity of AT 2017gfo is not very useful for constraining the binary tidal deformability. Accurate estimation of the mass ratio will be necessary to establish a lower bound using electromagnetic counterparts in the future. We also caution that merger simulations that employ a limited class of tabulated equations of state could be severely biased due to the lack of generality.


In many fields of mathematics the richness of the underlying axiom set leads to the establishment of a number of very general equalities. For example, it is easy to prove that in groups (<italic>x</italic><supscrpt>-1</supscrpt>)<supscrpt>-1</supscrpt> = <italic>x</italic> and that in rings -<italic>x</italic> · - <italic>y</italic> = <italic>x</italic> · <italic>y</italic>. In the presence of such an equality, each new inference made during a proof search by a theorem-proving program may immediately yield a set of very closely related inferences. If, for example, <italic>b</italic>·<italic>a</italic> = <italic>c</italic> is inferred in the presence of (<italic>x</italic><supscrpt>-1</supscrpt>)<supscrpt>-1</supscrpt> = <italic>x</italic>, substitution immediately yields obviously related inferences such as (<italic>b</italic><supscrpt>-1</supscrpt>)<supscrpt>-1</supscrpt> · <italic>a</italic> = <italic>c</italic>. Retention of many members of each such set of inferences has seriously impeded the effectiveness of automatic theorem proving. Similar to the gain made by discarding instances of inferences already present is that made by discarding instances of repeated application of a given equality. The latter is achieved by use of demodulation. Its definition, evidence of its value, and a related rule of inference are given. In addition a number of concepts are defined the implementation of which reduces both the number and sensitivity to choice of parameters governing the theorem-proving procedures.


Nuclear fission process is a complex large-amplitude dynamic process of quantum many-body systems, and the development of predictive fission descriptions is a well-known challenge in nuclear physics. To describe the fission observables, there are some phenomenological and semi-microscopic models, which rely on adjustments of parameters. The microscopic fission theory based on effective nuclear interactions in principle can avoid free parameters, but they are not ready for accurate applications. This work discussed about the fission of compound nuclei, which is particularly useful for synthesizing superheavy elements. In addition, we discussed the adiabatic and non-adiabatic microscopic fission models. The adiabatic fission model performs better in describing fission observables, while non-adiabatic fission models are valuable to explore fission mechanisms. We discussed the issues and challenges of current fission theories, and realized the fission process is extremely complicated, and some prospects of fission theory have also been discussed.


In the aftermath of Liberia's civil war, international development organizations introduced development aid projects in heavily affected areas with the goal of strengthening the ability of communities to solve collective action problems. The targeted communities were randomly selected by public lottery, providing a rare opportunity to assess the effects of external interventions on social organization. Five months after the intervention was completed, we used a community-wide public good game as a behavioral measure of a community's collective action capacity. Surprisingly—given the common view that local social and political institutions are highly robust and resistant to third-party efforts to change them—we find that treatment led to communities performing significantly better in the public goods game. We use evidence from surveys of the game players to try to understand the mechanisms by which the intervention affected contributions. Although our conclusions here are more tentative, the evidence suggests that the treatment resulted in greater mobilization and information-sharing efforts which may have produced more coordination around socially desirable outcomes. However, we also find that the effects of the intervention can only be seen when the public goods game is played by mixed-gender groups; when the collective action problem is presented to women-only groups there are high levels of cooperation independent of treatment status. ∗Stanford University. We thank the International Rescue Committee (IRC) for their partnership in undertaking this study; Jodi Nelson and Liz McBride played a key role in designing the instruments while IRC field staff, both in Monrovia and Lofa County, provided support on the ground. We are particularly grateful to Nicholai Lidow and Gwendolyn Taylor for leading the game and follow-up survey data collection teams in the field, and to Andrea Abel, Jessica Gottlieb, and Amanda Robinson for their fieldwork on the public goods games. We thank the National Ex-Combatant Peace-building Initiative for their research support in Liberia, in particular K. Johnson Borh and Morlee Zawoo, and Brian Coyne for work on data checking. We acknowledge the support of a number of funders that made this study possible. DFID provided the bulk of funding for the panel survey as part of its initial grant to IRC. The Center for Global Development provided some additional funding for the second wave survey. AUSAID, through a grant to the Center for Global Development, provided the resources to implement the behavioral protocol for the measurement of social cohesion. The Center for Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law provided funding for field work expenses and the International Growth Center provided support for final data compilation and analysis. †Columbia University ‡Stanford University


Stable economy leads to increasing the economical productions, participation of more people in development and lack of probable limitations of production resources in short term and pollutants in long term. Stable development considers the energy as the main factor in economic, producing and service activities, which is needed in developing processes and expansion of producing systems in order to achieve a higher yield along with lower pollution and price. Over a period of time, economic and environmental restrictions have led to producing the energy via various resources and newly-made energies have generally been considered as available alternatives for previous fuels with different rates. In spite of all globally changed approaches and made attempts to decrease the usage of fossil fuels, transportation is still the main concern of green theorists. Three goals are focused in this paper, i.e. "hydrogen fuel burning features", "hydrogen natural features" and "price of the new fuel", and the necessity of expanding this energy is studied according to accomplished studies in this field. Findings show that producing, storing and transferring costs of hydrogen in a nutshell "the price of hydrogen" has decreased due to increasing demand and mass production of the fuel, and this gives a chance to hydrogen to compete with current fuels, and world energy system consequently the world economy would experience a stable situation.


Two methodological approaches to inverse problems solution with the help of neural networks are considered: "experiment-based" and "model-based". Their merits, drawbacks, and characteristics of their use are discussed. Successful application of neural networks for solution of three inverse problems in laser spectroscopy of water media is reported: (1) simultaneous determination of sea water temperature and salinity from Raman spectra, (2) determination of contributions for components of an organic compounds mixture in water from their fluorescence spectra, and (3) determination of molecular parameters of organic compounds from fluorescence saturation curves.


Abstract The research devoted to special languages as well as the activities carried out in specialized translation classes tend to focus primarily on one-word or multi-word terminological units. However, a very important part in the making of specialist registers and texts is played by specialised collocations, i.e. relatively stable word combinations that do not designate concepts but are nevertheless of frequent use in a given field of activity. This is why helping students acquire competences relative to the identification and processing of collocations should become an important objective in specialised translation classes. An easily accessible and dependable resource that may be successfully used to this purpose is represented by corpora and corpus analysis tools, whose usefulness in translator training has been highlighted by numerous studies. This article proposes a series of practical, task-based activities-developed with the help of a small-size parallel corpus of specialised texts-that aim to raise the translation trainees′ awareness of the collocations present in specialised texts and to provide suggestions about their processing in translation.


In the mobile computing environment,mobility and disconnection are the two important characters. In order to support disconnect operation,some datum are often need to store into mobile clients in advance. Caching becomes the very important technology in the mobile environment. This paper researches the caching technique based on broadcasting. Three key issues of mobile cache management such as caching granularity,coherence strategy and replacement policy were discussed.


ABSTRACT
From all activities, hospitals discharge many kind of wastes, one of them is liquid waste. Liquid waste discharge directly to the water will cause health problem when it is not pass through any processing in order to minimize the content of danger of that waste, therefore there is a need to built liquid waste processing facility. This research is performed to study the effectiveness of liquid waste management in order to be able to decrease the level of BOD, COD, TSS, pH, MPN Coli and health complaint to officer of IPAL at RSUD. dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya. This research is a descriptive research which purpose is studying the effectiveness of liquid waste processing in decreasing the level of BOD, COD, TSS, pH, MPN Coli and health complaint to officer of IPAL at RSUD. dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya. From the result of the research, it is known that the level of BOD, COD, TSS, pH, and MPN Coli after the processing is 80,6mg/l for BOD, 203,57mg/l for COD, 79mg/l for TSS, 7 for pH, and 210.102 for MPN Koliform. Based on the result of the interview that has been done in the field, it is known that respondent (officer of IPAL) which task is handling operational and management of IPAL at RSUD. dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya do not experience any health complaint. From the result of the research, it can be concluded that the result of liquid waste management at RSUD. dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya, especially for BOD, COD, TSS, MPN Coliform, it has not known yet environment quality standard. It is suggested that in order to be able to fulfill effectiveness target, there should be operating screening, therefore liquid waste management process will run optimally. Moreover, there is an effort to train officers of IPAL about maintenance and improvement at IPAL.

Keywords waste water treatment, hospital, health complaints, officers WWTP.


Ovarian tumor cells reside within a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) critical to the formation and function of ovarian cancer. Carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (CA-MSCs) are stromal progenitor cells within the TME which significantly enhance ovarian tumor cell growth and chemotherapy resistance. We demonstrated that CA-MSCs arise from ovarian tumor cell mediated reprograming of normal tissue MSCs. The resulting CA-MSC phenotype has a unique and durable expression profile without acquisition of genetic mutations, suggesting epigenetic mechanisms underpin the induction of a CA-MSC. In support of this, EPIC methylation array and ATACseq data demonstrate CA-MSCs have significant global hypermethylation and overall "closed" chromatin structure compared to normal MSCs. Further, promoter methylation alterations correlate with the gene expression profile which characterize CA-MSCs. We thus sought to investigate the mechanism underlying the cancer-mediated epigenetic reprograming of CA-MSCs. The histone-lysine N-methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is induced early in the conversion of a CA-MSC through tumor secreted factors. EZH2 promotes transcriptional repression through histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) leading to a closed chromatin state. EZH2 also acts as a scaffold for DNA-methyltransferases (DNMTs) thus enhancing DNA methylation. Western blotting confirmed increases in EZH2 and the EZH2 target repressive marks H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub in CA-MSCs versus MSCs. We therefore hypothesize that ovarian cancer mediated induction of EZH2 in normal tissue MSCs is critical to the formation of a CA-MSC through epigenetic reprogramming. Normal tissue MSCs derived from benign human ovary or omentum and CA-MSCs derived from high grade serous ovarian cancer patient samples were isolated as previously described. To model the tumor-mediated induction of CA-MSCs, direct co-culture of normal tissue MSCs with high grade serous cell lines CAOV3, PEO1 or OVCAR3 were used. MSC/tumor cell co-cultures were treated with the EZH2 inhibitor Tazemetostat and/or the DNMT inhibitor 5-Azacitidine. A mathematical model, referred to as the CA-MSC classifier which uses the expression of 6 genes to accurately distinguish normal MSCs from CA-MSCs, was utilized to assess the impact of EZH2 and DNMT inhibition on the formation of a CA-MSC. In this model, values closest to 1 indicate a high likelihood of being a CA-MSC (a value of >0.8 meets the threshold for a CA-MSC and Pharmacologic EZH2 inhibition significantly decreased the induction of a CA-MSC phenotype in tumor cell co-culture without impacting tumor cell or CA-MSC viability. DNMT inhibition alone yielded a modest decrease in CA-MSC induction. However, the combination of EZH2 inhibition and DNMT inhibition blocked the formation of a CA-MSC with a classifier score going from 0.9 (in untreated co-cultures) to 0.1 in dual-inhibition co-cultures. Collectively, our data suggests that ovarian tumor cell mediated EZH2 induction plays a critical role in the conversion of a MSC into a CA-MSC through epigenetic reprogramming. This reprogramming can be interrupted through targeting EZH2 and DNMT. This presents a novel target to block the formation of the tumor enhancing stromal niche thus offering a potentially powerful new approach to the treatment of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Lenard G. Frisbie, Hui Shen, and Lan Coffman. EZH2 REGULATES THE EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF OVARIAN CANCER PROMOTING CARCINOMA-ASSOCIATED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr TMIM-066.


In order to analyze the water saving effect and physiological response for different irrigation methods,through the experiment of general irrigation(GI) and alternate partial root-zone irrigation(APRI) of greenhouse capsicum,analyzed the effects of different irrigation methods to the photosynthetic characteristic,water parameter,CC,R/S and RHC of capsicum leaves and physiological responses of water stress and rewatering. The test results showed that: The APRI treatment can be effectively adjusted the stomatal open degree,reduced the invalid transpiration,saving water was 25. 98%. Comparing with the GI treatment,the WUE,CSC,CC and R/S increased by 3. 19%,6. 56%,8. 04%,15. 38%. While the RHC was reduced by 3. 01%. After water stress and rewatering,these two irrigation methods total shown the Tr,WSD and CSC decline,while FWC ascend. Also the alternate partial root-zone irrigation(APRI) for capsicum has better physiological regulating function for water stress and rewatering.


........................................................................................................ ii Dedication......................................................................................................iii Acknowledgments............................................................................................iv List of Tables...................................................................................................x Chapter 1: Introduction.......................................................................................1 Background, Context, History, and Conceptual Framework of the Problem..................1 Problem Statement....................................................................................3 Purpose of the Study.................................................................................3 Research Questions...................................................................................4 Rationale, Relevance, and Significance of the Study.............................................4 Definition of Terms...................................................................................5 Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitations of the Study......................................7 Assumptions..................................................................................7 Limitations....................................................................................7 Delimitations.................................................................................8 Summary...............................................................................................9 Chapter 2: Literature Review...............................................................................11 Conceptual Framework.............................................................................12 Self-efficacy Theory........................................................................12 Andragogy...................................................................................15 Review of Research & Methodology Literature................................................17 Historical Perspective of APE............................................................17


We report on the measurements of strange hadrons (K S, Λ, Ξ) production in most central (020%) d+Au collisions at √ sNN = 200 GeV in STAR. Significant strangeness enhancement is observed in most central d +Au collisions, especially for multi-strange hyperons ( Ξ). The nuclear modification factor ( RdAu) of identified particles shows possible particle type – bary on (protons, Λ), meson ( π,KS ,φ) – dependence at intermediate pT (2 3.5 GeV/c), indicating that the final state may have an impact on the Cronin e ffect.