Contents: Series preface Introduction. Law and Foreign Investment: Concepts and Issues: Effective legal systems and foreign direct investment: in search of the evidence, Amanda Perry BIT by BIT: the growth of bilateral investment treaties and their impact on foreign investment in developing countries, J.W. Salacuse The political economy of a bilateral investment treaty, Kenneth J. Vandervelde. Dispute Settlement: International development law as applicable to economic development agreements: a prognostic view, A.F.M. Maniruzzaman The innovation of investor-state arbitration under NAFTA, Barton Legum. Regulating the Multinationals: The concept of the good corporate citizen in international business, Samuel K.B. Asante Rights, responsibilities and regulation of international business, Sol Picciotto Current developments: norms on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises with regard to human rights, Davis Weissbrodt and Muria Kruger) Human rights and multinationals: is there a problem?, Peter T. Mulchinski. Foreign Investment in the World Trade Organisations: A first look at investment in the final act of the Uruguay round, Pierre Sauve The GATT agreement on trade related investment measures: implications for developing countries and their relationship with transnational corporations, Oliver Morrissey and Yogesh Rai. An International Agreement for Investment?: Multilateral agreement in investment (MAI), Saman Zia-Zarifi Multilateral rules on FDI: do we need them? Will we get them? A developing country perspective, Stephen Young and Anna Teresa Tavares. The Regulation of Foreign Investment and the Public Interest: Striking a Balance?: Environmental regulation, investment protection and 'regulatory taking' in international law, Thomas Walde and Abba Kolo) NAFTA's investment chapter: initial thoughts about second-generation rights, Charles H. Brower II . Regional Perspectives: The new partnership for Africa's development: institutional and legal challenges of investment promotion, Victor Mosoti An examination of investor-state dispute resolution under the MERCOSUR and NAFTA regimes, Michael Cornell Dypski International arbitration in the MERCOSUR - is harmonisation the solution?, Nigel Blackaby and Sylvia Noury ASEAN framework agreements on services - and GATS - a textual analysis, Nagavalli Annamalai Liberalisation of financial services in Southeast Asia under the ASEAN framework agreement on services (AFAS), Ramkishen S. Rajan and Rahul Sen.


It is known that a different academic background,varied life experiences and translation policies,to a larger extent,determines a translator's principle of choice of texts to be translated and his translation strategies.The Collected Songs of Cold Mountain in 1983,which is translated by Red Pine,is the first complete translation of Cold Mountain Poems in western world.The meticulous textual research,prose-like translation strategy and delicate textual annotation of this complete translation have laid a solid foundation for the dissemination and reception of Cold Mountain Poems in English world.The peripheral poet,Han Shan and his poems have thus become much filtering and worldwide in the fields of Sinology,comparative literature and translation studies.


Hydrochemistry is important tool for solving the issue related to water hazards of coal mines, as it can be used for the determination of the source of inrush water. In this study, major ion concentrations of the groundwater samples from the representative aquifer systems in the Zhuxianzhuang coal mine, northern Anhui Province, China, have been analysed by a series of statistical methods for identifying the source of chemical constituents in the groundwater and, the source of inrush water with unknown source. The results indicate that the major ion concentrations of the groundwater from different aquifer systems are different with each other, indicating that they have undergone different kinds and extents of water rock interactions. Factor analysis has identified two sources (weathering of silicate minerals and dissolution of evaporate minerals) responsible for the hydrochemistry of the groundwater, and their contributions have been quantified by the US EPA (environmental protection agency) Unmix model. Moreover, based on the variations of contributions of each source, the source of the samples with unknown source has been identified correctly, and consistent with the results obtained by cluster and discriminant analyses. Such results suggest that the EPA Unmix model can be applied for the hydrochemical study of the groundwater in the coal mines, as it cannot only be applied for the study of the water rock interaction, but also the inrush water source identification in coal mine.


This study is to analyze location conditions for erosion control dams to be constructed in Chungcheongnam-do, Daejeon Metropolitan City, Chungcheongbuk-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do in order to establish proper conditions for erosion control dams in the future. 199 sites where erosion control dams are expected to be built in 2010 were chosen and investigated in terms of 12 factors including basin area, basin slope, and landslide risk. The results showed that erosion control dams for Chungcheongnam-do and Daejeon Metropolitan City are mostly impermeable gravity dams mainly composed of concrete. In contrast, Chungcheongbuk-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do are increasing the number of permeable or compound erosion control dams. Basin analysis at planned erosion control dam sites showed that at least 44.5% of the total area has high landslide risk. Gyeongsangbuk-do had the largest basin area for erosion control dam sites at 157.3ha, followed by Chungcheongbuk-do at 64.4ha and Chungcheongnam-do at 54.8ha. Analysis of sand deposits in the Chungcheongnam-do erosion control dam built in 2010 confirmed an average deposit of 971.8m3. The sand deposit capacity and amount of sediment control for erosion control dams have a very low correlation with basin area or flow path slope, and this needs to be addressed in future sand deposit capacity designs.


The system of Chinese characters is an ancient, beautiful language, easily learned, easily written, economical, and effective. Since the end of the Qing dynasty, however, a few irresolute and inconsistent people have advocated reform of the written language, condemning the system of Chinese characters with many unwarranted charges while promoting the romanization of the language. Lu Gangzhang of the Qing was the first to launch an attack. He stated that "the system of Chinese characters is the most difficult written system of the entire world… even the smartest people require at least ten years of very hard work."


Let P be a finite p-group. In this note, we prove that the poset of elementary abelian subgroups of P of rank at least 2 has the homotopy type of a wedge of spheres (of possibly different dimensions).


The work analyses the national annual emission of pollutants from passenger cars in Poland, in the years 2000–2015, including the classification of combustion engines relative to the ignition system. The study was carried out in accordance with the methodology used in the COPERT 4 software. The vehicle traffic model was analysed under the following conditions: urban, rural and on motorways and expressways. The national annual pollutant emission was found to change substantially alongside the changes in vehicle properties over the period analysed; the effect varied due to the performance of respective substances. The relative annual national emission of the various pollutants compared to the situation in 2000 were determined. There was a clear declining trend, from 2008 onwards, in the relative annual emission of pollutants from a representative passenger car; this was valid for all substances.


ABSTRACT Tests were carried out on the decomposed granite soils to examine the influence of properties of soil grains on permeability. The results indicate that the degree of weathering and mineral composition have pronounced effects on permeability, and that the existence of the pores within the grains is essentially important for the permeation of water.


Background Early initiation of combination antiretro-viral therapy (ART) during primary HIV-1 infection may prevent the establishment of large viral reservoirs, possibly resulting in improved control of plasma viraemia rebound after ART cessation. Methods Levels of cell-associated HIV-1 DNA and plasma HIV-1 RNA were measured longitudinally in 32 acutely and recently infected patients, who started ART ≤120 days after the estimated date of infection, and interrupted ART after 18 months (median) of continuous therapy. Averages of HIV-1 DNA and RNA concentrations present in blood 30–365 days after therapy interruption (median duration 300 days, range 195–358) were compared between patients who started ART ≤60 days after the estimated date of infection (early starters), those who started between 61 and 120 days (later starters), and, for HIV-1 RNA only, with 89 untreated participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study with documented seroconversion and longitudinal measurements collected 90–455 days after the first positive HIV test. Results In early ART starters, average levels of plasma HIV-1 RNA and cell-associated HIV-1 DNA after treatment interruption were 1 log10 (P=0.008) and 0.4 log10 (P=0.03) lower compared with later starters. Average post-treatment plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in early starters were significantly lower, respectively, compared with untreated controls (-1.2 log10; P<0.0004). Conclusions Early treatment initiation within 2 months after HIV infection compared with later therapy initiation resulted in reduced levels of plasma viraemia and proviral HIV-1 DNA for ≥1 year after subsequent ART cessation. Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in early starters were also significantly lower than in untreated controls.


This year has marked the tercentenary of the death of Matthew Henry. He was born on 18 October, 1662, just after his father, Philip Henry (1632-1696), had been ejected from his parish at Worthenbury, south of Chester in north-west England. His father had been born and educated in London, before studying at Oxford University under some of the great Puritan scholars such as Dr John Owen. At first, he served as a tutor in Worthenbury in the home of Judge and Lady Puleston, before becoming the minister of the parish in 1657. The pressures were increasing on ministers like him in regard to conformity to the Book of Common Prayer. In 1660, Philip Henry and some other pastors were imprisoned because of their refusal to be bound by it, and at the end of 1661 he was relieved of his position, lost his annuity, but was allowed to continue to live in his residence. He was even permitted to preach in other parishes for a time, but when the Act of Parliament requiring full conformity to the Book of Common Prayer came into effect on 24 August, 1662, he was forced to relocate with his family to Broad Oak, near Whitchurch, the family farm of his wife's parents. There, Matthew, the second son, was born, and also received most of his education. It was a home where the genuine godliness of his parents dominated family life, and he and his siblings clearly were deeply influenced by their Christian teaching and example.


The transformation of traditional media into web-based media has brought the changes to various media publishing platforms. The internet has an impact on channels and distribution of media. This study aims to understand the understanding of movie according to the students, what motivates the students to be interested in movies, why the students watch movies, how the students find information about movies and what information they get. This study uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach to the students of the 2016 class, Library and Information Science Program, Faculty of Communication Science, Universitas Padjadjaran. The results showed that movies understood by students included a series of stories, art, imagination, moving images, audio visuals, having messages, fans. There were internal and external factors where someone decided to watch a movie, online media was the primary source of information for students of the Library and Information Science Program in searching for movie information. The other important sources of information are from the closest people (significant other) such as family and friends, as well as posters and movie thrillers that are shown in the cinemas. This research is expected to contribute to the movie industry in targeting the target audience of teenagers or students.


The convengenee of a proposed method fon state estimation in powen systems ís analysed fon a case with constant Êtate vecton. In panticulann a eet ínto whieh estimatee obtained by two ver"siona of the SCI nethod convenge ane detenmíned.


Aims: The semi-empirical Drag Temperature Models (DTM) predict the Earth's thermosphere's temperature, density, and composition, especially for orbit computation purposes. Two new models were developed in the framework of the H2020 Space Weather Atmosphere Models and Indices (SWAMI) project. The operational model is driven by the trusted and established F10.7 and Kp indices for solar and geomagnetic activity. The so-called research model is more accurate, but it uses the indices F30 and the hourly Hpo, which are not yet accredited operationally.Methods: The DTM2020 models' backbone comprises GOCE, CHAMP, and Swarm A densities, processed by TU Delft, and Stella processed in-house. They constitute the standards for absolute densities, and they are 20–30% smaller than the datasets used in the fit of DTM2013. Also, the global daily mean TLE densities at 250 km, spanning four solar cycles, were now used to improve solar cycle variations. The operational model employs the same algorithm as DTM2013, which was obtained through fitting all data in our database from 1967 to 2019. Because of the Hpo index, which is not available before 1995, the coefficients linked to the geomagnetic activity of the research model are fitted to data from 2000 to 2019. The algorithm was updated to take advantage of the higher cadence of Hpo. Both models are assessed with independent data and compared with the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere models NRLMSISE-00, JB2008, and DTM2013. The bias and precision of the models are assessed through comparison with observations according to published metrics on several time scales. Secondly, binning of the density ratios are used to detect specific model errors. Results: The DTM2020 densities are on average 20–30% smaller than those of DTM2013, NRLMSISE-00, and JB2008. The assessment shows that the research DTM2020 is the least biased and most precise model compared to assimilated data. It is a significant improvement over DTM2013 under all conditions and at all altitudes. This is confirmed by the comparison with independent SET HASDM density data. The operational DTM2020 is always less accurate than the research model except at 800 km altitude. It has comparable or slightly higher precision than DTM2013, despite using F10.7 instead of F30 as solar activity driver. DTM, and semi-empirical models in general, can still be significantly improved on the condition of setting up a more complete and consistent total density, composition, and temperature database than available at this time by means of a well-conceived observing system.


MUSIC MAKING IN IRAN: DEVELOPMENTS BETWEEN THE SIXTEENTH AND LATE NINETEENTH CENTURIES by Amir Hosein Pourjavady Advisor: Stephen Blum The primary question in this study is how the long-established maqām modulatory schemes evolved into a set of seven or twelve large-scale performance formats (dastgāhs) and what sociocultural forces were behind this development. In doing so, this dissertation draws on a variety of sources including musical treatises, song-text collections, court chronicles, travel accounts, biographies, paintings, nineteenth-century albums of photographs and the early Persian 78 rpm records. The first chapter provides a background on the role of courtesans and their accompanying instrumentalists in Iran between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries. The influence of upperclass courtesans on the urban musical milieu was particularly strong throughout the seventeenth century. While they were always under control and supervision by the authorities, courtesans provided a large amount of tax revenue for the government. Toward the end of the seventeenth century performance practice of art music found a precarious position in Isfahan, mostly due to the association of music with courtesan culture. Hence the Safavid rulers frequently issued royal decrees forbidding performance of music along with drinking of wine, gambling, and activities of courtesan salons. In the second half of the eighteenth century a red-light district was established in Shiraz where a large number of urban and provincial courtesans were gathered catering to the refined taste of the nobility and military commanders. These courtesans were famous for their beauty, seductive manners, polished etiquette (adab), witty conversation and, above all, they were accomplished singers, instrumentalists and dancers. With the establishment of the Qajar dynasty, Tehran became the capital in 1775. The first two Qajar rulers brought a large number of courtesans mainly from Isfahan and Shiraz to Tehran together with their male accompanists, who primarily served as their teachers and composers.


The sprouts of Salix rotundifolia were taken to establish the clone of S.rotundifolia by growing point growth and differentiation,tube seedlings rooting,and transplantation.The results show that MS+BA0.1 mg·L-1+GA30.5 mg·L-1+NAA0.2 mg·L-1 is the ideal medium for growing point culture,MS+NAA0.1 m g·L-1+6-BA0.5 mg·L-1 and 1.0 mg·L-1 is suitable medium for differentiation of growing buds,and 1/2MS+IAA0.1 mg·L-1+NAA0.2~0.4 mg·L-1 is the best medium for rooting and subcultures of differentiated buds.The survival rate of the tube seedlings grown on substrate with river sand was 90.4%.Tube seedlings were transplanted to sidehill understory.The transplanted seedlings grow strong,with 98.3% survival rate,and keep all biological characteristics of Salix rotundifolia.


Samuel Beckett reportedly read Jean-Jacques Rousseau's autobiographies, Confessions (1781) and Reveries of the Solitary Walker (1782), praising him "as a champion of the right to be alone and as an authentically tragic figure" in a letter sent to his friend Thomas MacGreevy. James Knowlson tells in his biography that it contains a "remarkable" critique of the philosopher. Reading Beckett's stories and plays along with Rousseau's autobiographies and political writings, this article proposes that the writer may have gotten from the philosopher a moral support and philosophical rationale for "the right to be alone"-a modernist claim to autonomous solipsism which he depicted in his work as sieged by the calls of outside intruders and society. The discord between a reclusive individual and society is a key motif to Beckett's reflection of the individualist politics of Modernism, a defense of which he may have discovered in Rousseau's conceptualization of subjectivity in conflict with the formative principles of society. In addition, Rousseau's idea of society, that it gives rise to the inextricable chains of social domination and servitude, and of slavery, that it should be applied to both masters and slaves due to their mutual dependence, offers a better frame of reference than Marx's for Beckett's representation of social subordination as an insoluble impasse.


The present invention relates to a steering module for a toy vehicle, particularly for a remote control toy vehicle. The steering module is provided with at least two steerable wheels, a steering motor and a steering gearbox. Each steerable wheel is suspended through a corresponding mandrel, wherein at least one mandrel is provided with a teeth-shaped device. The steering gearbox is engaged with the teeth-shaped device for transmitting steering motion.


At present, microwave filters occupy a prominent place in modern communication systems, which is due to the proliferation of radar, satellite, and mobile wireless systems. This development deals with the modern design techniques of a wide variety of RF and microwave filters, giving both the theory and complete design examples with experimental results of filters designed over a frequency range extending from 1 GHz to millimeter range. This special issue on recent theoretical and experimental results of research in the RF and microwave filters. The authors have written their contributions keeping in mind the researchers but also the practicing engineers as their primarily audience. The papers are self-contained and the readers require a standard knowledge of network analysis and synthesis.This special issue is devoted to a lot of aspects of passive and active filters synthesis: bi-mode filters, active and tunable filters, CAD tools and new structures and BAW filters.


We discuss possible motions for one polymer molecule P (of mass M) performing wormlike displacements inside a strongly cross‐linked polymeric gel G. The topological requirement that P cannot intersect any of the chains of G is taken into account by a rigorous procedure: The only motions allowed for the chain are associated with the displacement of certain "defects" along the chain. The main conclusions derived from this model are the following:(a) There are two characteristic times for the chain motion: One of them (Td) is the equilibration time for the defect concentration, and is proportional to M2. The other time (Tr) is the time required for complete renewal of the chain conformation, and is proportional to M3.(b) The over‐all mobility and diffusion coefficients of the chain P are proportional to M−2.(c) At times t < Tr the mean square displacement of one monomer of P increases only like 〈(rt − r0)2〉 = const t1/4.These results may also turn out to be useful for the (more difficult) problem of entangle...


This article has supplementary material on the web site: www.jdbp.org. ABSTRACT: Objective: Mental health outcomes such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), behavior disorders, anxiety, depression, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common disorders among children in the United States. Little is known on how potential resilient factors may moderate the relationship between exposure to ACEs and mental health outcomes. This study examines associations between ACEs and resilience on mental health outcomes using the 2018 National Survey of Children's Health (N = 26,572). Method: Logistic regression and interactions examined the association between ACEs, resilience, and mental health outcomes. ACE exposure and low resiliency were associated with an increased likelihood of mental health outcomes. Results: There were significant interactions between exposure to ACEs and family resilience as well as significant interactions between ACE exposure and community resilience. On stratification, the presence of individual resilience and having all resilience measures decreased the odds of ADHD, behavioral disorders, anxiety, and depression and the presence of community resilience decreased the odds of depression among individuals who had experienced 4 or more ACEs. Conclusion: These results illustrate the need to promote resilience measures for tackling mental health problems and reducing the negative effect of trauma in children.


A vulcanizable rubber composition comprising 100 wt. parts of a highly saturated nitrile copolymer rubber having an iodine value not larger than 80, 3-30 wt. parts of a reinforcing filler, 30-200 wt. parts of an oxide of a metal of group 2 of the periodic table, 30-200 wt. parts of a non-reinforcing filler, and 0.1-20 wt. parts of a vulcanizer. A sealing material comprised of a vulcanizate of the vulcanizable rubber composition and having friction coefficient ( mu ) not larger than 1.5 and an abrasion wear of 150-350 mg. A seal comprising the sealing material and a reinforcing ring.


Over 90% of hip fractures in older adults are caused by falls [1]. Whether a given fall will cause hip fracture depends on bone strength, and on the impact force and stress applied to the bone during impact [2]. Improved understanding is required on how peak bone stresses during a fall depend on the mechanics of a fall, and on the state of contraction at the moment of impact of the muscles spanning the hip. Recently, Choi et al showed that, for lateral impact to the hip, peak stresses decrease with increases in hip abductor muscle force [3]. In the current study, we used an advanced hip impact simulator to examine the independent and interacting effects of both hip muscle force and pelvis impact angle on peak bone stresses during a fall.


Research about resilience on complex systems has been commonly addressed from a structural point of view, relating this concept to the preservation of the connectivity against the suppression of individual nodes or individual links. This perspective coherently encompasses the analysis of resistance of networked infrastructures to structural damage (e.g. power grids, roads and communication networks) but not necessarily other scenarios (e.g. socio-ecological systems). Here we associate the resilience concept to the capability of a social organization to keep acceptable levels of functionality against external socio-economic disrupting factors that do not imply necessarily destruction of existing links. As a particular case of study, we show how diversity of the organizational characteristics improves resilience of regional innovation systems to uncertain socio-economic situations. Particularly speaking, we will deal with models were network structure is as important as the diversity of behaviours in agents decisions. We reanalyze the conclusions of a classical text about regional development (Saxenian 1994), comparing the evolution of two industrial districts (Silicon Valley and Boston's Route 128), by first making a qualitative analogy in terms of resilience and, second, building up a simplified model of innovation systems that support quantitatively our argumentation. The methodology presented in this paper, based on a simple network model designed from the qualitative conclusions of previous works about industrial networks, allows us to translate abstracted theoretical evidences on networks in more specified scenarios, and can contribute fruitfully to this line of research.


Flora is the undoubtedly important component in terrestrial ecosystems. It mediates various ecosystem processes, such as pedogenesis (Shanmugam & Kingery, 2018), carbon sequestration (Chapin et al., 2009), and nutrition cycle (Wurzburger & Hendrick, 2009). Floral diversity also governs ecosystem structure by controlling the environment around fauna and microbes, although flora accounts for only 17% of global number of species (Mora et al ., 2011). From the phytosociological perspective, distribution and composition of plant community can exhibit the integrated information regarding climatic and geological history on a landscape over a long time period (Pott, 2011). Studying flora species composition has been prioritized in terms of the terrestrial ecosystem research and conservation/restoration ecology. For example, plans for landscape protection and land use change generally require a thorough structural monitoring of flora (Korean Ministry of Environment, 2014a; Oh et al., 2015). Assessments following anthropogenic or natural disturbances also frequently include it as a key index revealing health and sustainability of a target site (Lee et al., 2018; Onaindia The present study aimed to clarify flora living at the area of Restoration Center for Endangered Species in Yeongyang, Gyeongbuk Province. In May, August, and September 2019 and in May and July 2020, all of vascular plants were recorded, and endangered, Korea endemic, and exotic plant species were further identified. The study site contained a total of 418 floral taxa (98 families, 261 genera, 384 species, 4 subspecies, 27 variations, and 3 formations), in which Magnoliophyta accounted for larger proportion (95.2%) than Pteridophyta (3.6%) and Pinophyta (1.2%). In addition, 1 endangered (Cypripedium macranthos Sw.) and 5 Korea endemic species (Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai, Eleutherococcus divaricatus var. chiisanensis [Nakai] C.H. Kim & B.-Y. Sun, Lonicera subsessilis Rehder, Paulownia coreana Uyeki, and Weigela subsessilis [Nakai] L.H. Bailey) were detected. The number of exotic species was 33, consisting of 4 invasive-exotic, 4 potentially invasive-exotic, and 25 non-invasive species. Compared to a previous assessment before the establishment of the center (in 2014), there were increases in total floral taxa (from 361 to 418), endangered species (from 0 to 1), and exotic species (from 26 to 33). These results possibly reflect temporal changes in floral community, which should be confirmed through subsequent long term monitoring.


Abstract : The goal of this proposal is to develop novel representations and techniques for localization, mapping and target recognition from videos of indoors and urban outdoors environments. The proposed techniques will facilitate enhanced navigation capabilities by means of visual sensing and enable scalable, long-term navigation and target detection in outdoors and indoors environments. The attained representations will also be applicable towards human-robot interaction, enhancement of human navigational and decision making capabilities and provide compact semantically meaningful summaries of the acquired sensory experience. The proposed representations will be governed by principles of compositionality, facilitate bottom-up learning, enable efficient inference and could be adapted to a task at hand. The main novelty of the approach will be the use both 3D and 2D geometric and photometric cues computed either from video sequence or from novel RBG-D cameras, which provide synchronized video and range data at frame rate. Video poses challenges related to more extreme variations in viewpoint and scale, dramatic changes in lighting and large amount of clutter and occlusions, but also enables computation of 3D structure and motion cues, which can aid segmentation and recognition of object and non-object categories. As a part of this proposal we have developed techniques for semantic labeling of outdoors and indoors environments using photometric and geometric cues from video. The proposed approach is informed by novel features and representations for learning models of objects and non-object categories from video, works effectively with multiple sensing modalities and can be deployed on static frames as well as video in a recursive setting. We have tested the approach extensively on benchmark sequences of indoors and outdoors environments.


Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are currently being investigated as a potential therapy in mood disorders including depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Clinical trials that used relatively pure EPA were more effective in alleviating depressive symptoms compared to relatively pure DHA supplementations. However, this poses a potential paradox as EPA levels in the brain are 250 to 300-fold lower than DHA, a finding consistent across mammals. The large difference in brain EPA and DHA levels may be explained by either selective differences in their uptake or metabolism upon entry into the brain. Based on the literature, EPA and DHA can passively diffuse across the blood-brain barrier at similar rate suggesting that the uptake of n-3 PUFA into the brain is non-selective. Therefore, I hypothesize that the difference between EPA and DHA concentrations might be explained by metabolic differences which are yet to be


Founded on known forensic material a diagram of 7 classes is presented, which allows age determination by means of proximal parts of humerus or femur. The method might be used on direct view of the bones or on x-ray photographs. Therefore it can be employed on the living as well. Factors which might affect the outcome are discussed.


The structural feature of silan coupling agents was introduced.Application effects of the silane coupling agents in adhesives and bonding technology during recent years were summerized.This paper indicated that carefully adopting of silan coupling agents is an efficient mean to improve adhesive performance and bonding properties.


Abstract Background: Tall cell variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (TCV) is a rare and aggressive type of thyroid cancer. It is extremely rare in children, literature reporting only a few cases with better outcomes than adults with this disease. Currently there are no specific guidelines for management in the pediatric population. Clinical Case: 16 y/o female without prior past medical history who presented with an incidental right thyroid nodule found after a bicycle accident. She was followed up 14 months later, the nodule had increased in size from 7mm to 9mm and with findings suspicious for calcifications on repeat ultrasound. Thyroid function tests were euthyroid at this time, thyroglobulin was mildly elevated above the normal range (61 ng/ml) and she denied any compressive thyroid symptoms. Physical exam only significant for slight asymmetric gland (right > left). Fine needle aspiration was performed, consistent with Bethesda V and right hemi-thyroidectomy was done. Pathology reported a Tall-Cell variant Papillary thyroid carcinoma without any lymphovascular or extra-thyroidal invasion. Due to aggressive nature of carcinoma decision was made to complete thyroidectomy after which patient was started on Levothyroxine. At 3 month follow up patient found well without any hypo/hyperthyroid symptoms. Labs showed decreasing thyroglobulin level (0.5 ng/ml). After careful discussion decision was made to closely follow patient and not proceed with immediate radioactive iodine treatment. Conclusion: We presented this case to continue to raise awareness of this rare and aggressive tumor. Additionally, from prior case reports it appears to behave differently in the pediatric population.


In this paper, we construct a family of elliptic curves of rank at least five. To do so, we use the Brahmagupta formula for the area of cyclic quadrilaterals $(p^3,q^3,r^3,q^3)$ not necessarily standing for the genuine sides of quadrilaterals. It turns out that, as parameters of the curves, the integers $p,q,r,s$, along with the extra integers $u$, $v$ satisfy $u^6+v^6+p^6+q^6=2(r^6+s^6)$, $uv=pq$. However, we utilize a subset of the solutions of the above system via the rational points of a specific elliptic curve of positive rank lying on the system.


This paper presents vibrationless acceleration control of a vibratory positioning mechanism with robustness to high-order natural modes of vibration. From the veiw point of the continuously stricter requirements for high-precision positioning, it is desirable to eliminate residual vibration of higher-order natural modes of vibration at a target position. To obtain a vibrationless acceleration control force which does not excite higher-order natural modes of vibration, two frequency-shaped cost functionals weighted by first-order and second-order high-pass filters are used in the optimal control theory. The control forces have smaller frequency components in the high-frequency region as compared with the minimum heat generation vibrations acceleration control force when the control time is longer than 0.7 times the natural period of the first natural mode of vibration. The performances of the proposed vibrations acceleration control forces are demonstrated with experimental results using a flexible swing arm positioning mechanism.


Installing surge protection devices (SPD) for a low voltage power supply is important to ensure the survival of electric or electronic devices and systems. In this paper, the SPD modeling suitable to computer simulation is proposed, PSCAD/EMTDC is used to analyze the effective protection of the SPD and compared about oscillatory phenomenon condition of the voltage which follows in load characteristics. These phenomena depend on the characteristics of the SPDs, the properties of the protected loads, and the length of the connecting cable.


The vascular changes probably related to hormonal alterations and as found in liver disease and pregnancy, have attracted attention in recent years. Hemangiomas of pregnancy probably fall into the same category.


Using the concepts of metabolism and metabolic rift as a framework, this paper examines carbon geoengineering technologies as a solution to climate change and explores if it is possible to mend an ecological metabolic rift without fundamental changes in the social metabolic order. Carbon geoengineering technologies have become a key component of scenarios to limit the extent of global warming and are being discussed as a means to sequester carbon and, therefore, mend the carbon cycle. However, most applications of carbon geoengineering thus far do not result in net negative emissions. Strategies to make operations profitable result in neutral or positive, rather than negative, emissions. While these strategies have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas concentrations, the current social order constrains their use and effectiveness. Instead of being applied as part of the solution to climate change, carbon geoengineering is being strategically promoted by the fossil fuel industry in ways that serve to reproduce and maintain the current social order.


Corporate governance has recently emerged as an issue of global significance. Poor corporate governance is often cited as the cause of company failure. The consensus view is that a breakdown in corporate governance was largely to blame for the corporate carnage of the Asian Economic Crisis. There is also some evidence, albeit inconclusive, to suggest there is a positive relationship between corporate governance and improvement in corporate performance.


MgB2 superconducting films were made by using molten salt Electrochemistry in Cu substrates,through analyzing KCl-NaCl-MgCl2 ternary phase diagrams and melting graphs,electrolysis voltage of the calculations was made to have determined the parameters of pre-electrolysis experiments range.In MgB2 films preparation by molten salt electrolysis together with its experimental process,the first,electrolysis equipment was improved,with the experimental difficulty reduced.Then taking,KCl,NaCl,MgCl2,MgB2O4 mixtures as reactants,using DC power,at different temperatures in the copper cathode substrate,MgB2 films were prepared electrolytically.Finally,the use of X-ray diffraction(XRD) phase was made to analyze samples,using transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) characterization of the structure of the sample and morphology were completed.The results demonstrate that MgB2 films are prepared on copper cathodes successfully,and the optimized electrolysis temperatures is 601 ℃.


Instruction about Accelerating the Development of Sports Industry,Promulgated by general office of the state council on March 19th,2010,clearly stated this suggestion as improving the regional distribution of sports industry,reasonable planning according to comparative advantage and economic and social development situation in different areas,and promoting to form accumulation areas,representative areas and city development foundation areas of sports industry development.Analyze the opportunity,challenge and strategy of sustainable development of sports industry development in Jiangsu Province by using methods of literature material and interview with experts,and provide reference for Jiangsu′s sports development.


Stress analysis of flathead shaped slope in highway excavated slope is conducted with advancing exterminating methods of shear sliding section at the toe of slope,and pointing out that in the range of shear sliding section,depressed shear strength of geotechincal mass will result in knock-down of slope stability.Examples show that with consideration of differences of mechanical properties in shear sliding section,maximum dangerous slide face by method of limit equilibrium will degenerate into vice dangerous slide face;and stepping slope face will dissipate stress concentration at the toe of slope.


This study aims to provide an in-depth case study of a Chinese-English bilingual program in the largest ISD of a Southwestern state, in the hope of shedding light on what makes a bilingual education program successful. Few research studies have systematically delved into an English-Chinese bilingual program as this one. The study illuminates that children in this immersion program have benefited from "additive bilingualism" in that they have learned a second language at no cost to their first language and also out-scored their non-immersion peers in state standardized exams. Employing qualitative methods, narrative inquiry in particular, this research study offers a compelling case that bilingual education does not hinder students' English language acquisition. Instead, it accelerates students' English proficiency development while promoting students' second language acquisition, overall academic achievements, and sociocultural integration.


Abstract: The present invention provides a no variation in the particle size uniform silk protein microbeads. When dissolving the A silk protein, while cutting the hydrogen bonds between the silk protein molecules, suppressing a decrease in the molecular weight of the silk protein with the dissolution, and can be prevented from deterioration of the polymer of the silk protein a first solvent such as dichloroacetic acid, such, there is said first solvent miscible, while suppressing the lowering of the molecular weight of the silk protein with the dissolution process, the second such as methylene chloride having a function of improving the solubility of the silk protein consists of a component solvent, the mixing ratio of said first solvent and the second solvent is, 50-95: 50-5v / v% in a mixed solvent by dissolving the silk protein to prepare a dope, the dope fine It dropped from the hole nozzles into a coagulation bath, solidifying, preparing silk protein microbeads. At that time, the addition of neutral salt such as sodium chloride in the dope, if eluted after solidification, the resulting bead becomes porous.


RNA interference(RNAi)have been applied in researches on gene expression regulation and function of organism extensively,and can interrupt the expression of target gene effectively.There are many advanced researches of Helicobacter pylori infection and invasion of gastic cancer,multidrug resistance in chemotherapy of gastric cancer,as well as gastric cancer related gene therapy.This article summarizes the latest advances in the study and application of RNAi in gastric cancer gene therapy.


The IR spectra of 1-hexanol adsorbed on SAPO-5 molecular sieves and on HZSM-5 zeolite were compared. It has been found, that both types of catalysts activate at 423 K the dehydration of 1-hexanol. In the IR spectra bands at 670 cm-1 (Z-isomer), 889 cm-1 (CH2=C< fragment), 911 cm-1 (CH2=CH-) and 965 cm-1 (E-isomer) have been observed, indicating that the skeletal and positional isomerization took place. A carbonyl compound (1730 cm-1) was formed at room temperature on all the investigated catalysts and disappeared upon heating. The activity of HZSM-5 in olefin isomerization and in dehydrogenation was greater than that of SAPO-5.


Premise of the study: To investigate fungal species identity and diversity in mycorrhizal fungi of order Sebacinales, we developed phylogenetic markers. These new markers will enable future studies investigating species delineation and phylogenetic relationships of the fungal symbionts and facilitate investigations into evolutionary interactions among Sebacina species and their orchid hosts. Methods and Results: We generated partial genome sequences for a Sebacina symbiont originating from Caladenia huegelii with 454 genome sequencing and from three symbionts from Eriochilus dilatatus and one from E. pulchellus using Illumina sequencing. Six nuclear and two mitochondrial loci showed high variability (10–31% parsimony informative sites) for Sebacinales mycorrhizal fungi across four genera of Australian orchids (Caladenia, Eriochilus, Elythranthera, and Glossodia). Conclusions: We obtained highly informative DNA markers that will allow investigation of mycorrhizal diversity of Sebacinaceae fungi associated with terrestrial orchids in Australia and worldwide.


The objective of this study was to investigate the emissions impact of reformulated gasolines on evaporative and exhaust emissions from small fleet of light-duty automobiles. Three gasolines were used: pre-1992 California gasoline, California Phase 1 gasoline, and California Phase 2 gasoline. The pre-1992 fuel was blended to specifications representative of gasolines sold in California prior to the introduction of Phase 1 gasoline in 1992, while the Phase 1 and 2 fuels were blended to the specifications of the California regulations, including the addition of oxygenates such as methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) or ethanol. The vehicles were tested over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) for exhaust emissions, and over the FTP and the Air Resources Board`s (ARB`s) extended high temperature evaporative emissions test procedure for evaporative emissions. The test results showed a general reduction of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide exhaust emissions for all gasoline blends, while evaporative emissions were increased for the ethanol blend.


A ..beta..-decaying state in /sup 183/Pt with a half-life of 43 +- 5 seconds is observed for the first time and is identified as ..nu.. 7/2/sup -/ 514arrow-down based on a logft of 4.3 deduced from the mass tables of Wapstra and Bos. It decays to the ..pi.. 9/2/sup -/ 514up-arrow state in /sup 183/Ir at 645 keV, which deexcites to the 5/2/sup -/, 7/2/sup -/, and 9/2/sup -/ members of the 1/2/sup -/ 541arrow-down band at 0, 329, and 16 keV, respectively. This is strong evidence for the applicability of the Nilsson model to the light Pt isotopes.


Practitioners with work injury files should as soon as possible - and in any event well before 1 July 2015 review those files and obtain updated instructions from any injured worker who may have a further entitlement to a lump sum payment for permanent impairment where there has already been a Section 43 determination.


Abstract This paper examines an evolutionary model in which the primary source of "noise" that moves the model between equilibria is not arbitrarily improbable mutations but mistakes in learning. We model strategy selection as a birth–death process, allowing us to find a simple, closed-form solution for the stationary distribution. We examine equilibrium selection by considering the limiting case as the population gets large, eliminating aggregate noise. Conditions are established under which the risk-dominant equilibrium in a 2×2 game is selected by the model as well as conditions under which the payoff-dominant equilibrium is selected. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers C70, C72.


Wireless sensor networks are often only used to transmit monitored data to a central processing unit. However, they also offer the possibility to establish local intelligence and allow localized problem solutions. Existing monitoring systems have the following main drawbacks: centralized architecture that requires expensive infrastructure to run it, centralized decision making that makes reactions on events too slow and has high communication cost. In this paper we explore application of localized auction algorithms in decision making process. We show advantages of localized decision making over centralized in terms of communication cost minimization. Instead of using usual decision-level methods (e.g. weighted decision, classical inference etc.) we propose using localized auctions to get and combine relevant sensor information to make the decision. Simulation results are shown in the paper.


Purpose
This paper aims to design an AI-based drone that can facilitate the complicated and time-intensive control process for detecting healthy and defective solar panels. Today, the use of solar panels is becoming widespread, and control problems are increasing. Physical control of the solar panels is critical in obtaining electrical power. Controlling solar panel power plants and rooftop panel applications installed in large areas can be difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, this paper designs a system that aims to panel detection.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper designed a low-cost AI-based unmanned aerial vehicle to reduce the difficulty of the control process. Convolutional neural network based AI models were developed to classify solar panels as damaged, dusty and normal. Two approaches to the solar panel detection model were adopted: Approach 1 and Approach 2.

Findings
The training was conducted with YOLOv5, YOLOv6 and YOLOv8 models in Approach 1. The best F1 score was 81% at 150 epochs with YOLOv5m. In total, 87% and 89% of the best F1 score and mAP values were obtained with the YOLOv5s model at 100 epochs in Approach 2 as a proposed method. The best models at Approaches 1 and 2 were used with a developed AI-based drone in the real-time test application.

Originality/value
The AI-based low-cost solar panel detection drone was developed with an original data set of 1,100 images. A detailed comparative analysis of YOLOv5, YOLOv6 and YOLOv8 models regarding performance metrics was realized. Gaussian, salt-pepper noise addition and wavelet transform noise removal preprocessing techniques were applied to the created data set under the proposed method. The proposed method demonstrated expressive and remarkable performance in panel detection applications.


The invention relates to a method for testing the function of a fluid level measuring in a tank level sensor in which a temperature measured by the level sensor level change with a calculated level change is compared. According to the invention the calculated level change is determined from a change in temperature of the liquid.


Due to the increasing installed capacity of new energy power generation and unsynchronized power grid construction, there has been large-scale wind power abandoning and photovoltaic abandoning, resulting in waste of energy and economic losses. To solve this problem, this manuscript proposes an optimized operation method based on composite energy storage systems in high permeability wind power scenarios. The utilization of composite energy storage technology can increase local consumption of renewable energy and enhance the efficiency of wind power utilization. Firstly, in the scheduling model, in order to minimize the total operating economic cost of the system, considering the composite energy storage and power to gas technology, the output of each component in the micro-grid is coordinated and optimized. Then, using the characteristics of fast response speed and small capacity of battery energy storage, it can quickly and effectively restrain the fluctuation of wind power. In addition, according to the characteristics of large storage capacity of pumped storage, participate in the system operation, as a supplement when the battery storage capacity is insufficient, improve the economy and reliability of the whole energy storage system. The case results verify that the model can coordinate and optimize all kinds of adjustable resources in the system, effectively reduce the wind curtailment rate, and improve the economy.


Mr. President and Gentlemen,?In the brief time at my disposal this evening it is not possible for me to discuss the whole pathology of albuminuria. I shall, therefore, content myself by bringing under your consideration one or two points in connection with the relationship of albuminuria to morbid structural changes in the kidney. The questions which present themselves most prominently for our consideration appear to me to be? 1. Why does the urine not normally contain albumen ? 2. What are the renal changes associated with albuminuria, and how do they explain the absence of albumen from the urine in health, and its presence in disease of the kidney? In discussing these questions, I shall exclude all cases where n ? ? ? P _X? J n albuminuria arises from the presence of blood and pus, or where the albumen is derived from other parts of the urinaryapparatus than the kidneys; also those cases where the urine is temporarily albuminous as a result of some abnormal condition of the blood or other causes, such as hepatic and alimentary albuminuria, &c. In short, I shall limit my remarks to those cases in which the urine has become albu-


In this paper, we focus on the parking path planning and path tracking control under parallel parking conditions with automatic parking system as the research object. In order to solve the problem of discontinuity of curvature in the path planning of traditional arc-straight combined curve, a quintic polynomial is used to smooth the path. we design a path tracking controller based on the incremental model predictive control (MPC). The preview control based on pure tracking algorithm is used as the comparison algorithm for path tracking. The feasibility of the controller is verified by building a Simulink/CarSim co-simulation platform. In addition, the practicality of the parking controller is further verified by using the ROS intelligent car in the laboratory environment.


RESULTS Ninety-six patients with dementia were discharged for rehabilitation: 55 to an institution, 41 directly home. As shown in Table 1, baseline characteristics of subjects with dementia in the HBR and IBR groups were similar. Over the time of follow-up, subjects with dementia receiving HBR presented a comparable degree of recovery in ADLs, after controlling for age, comorbidity, and baseline Barthel Index score, as those receiving IBR. Moreover, at 6 months, subjects receiving HBR presented a slightly lower degree of functional decline than those receiving IBR (mean change standard deviation in Barthel Index: HBR 15.9 27.8 vs IBR 32.4 29.1, P 5.02).


Based on analysis of the water pollution state of main coastal water functional zones in Guangxi and the pollution acceptance capacity of river,appraisal of equivalent standard pollution load,and on evaluation of water functional zones according to standard,the author presents the measures for administration of water functional zones and water environment protection.Suggestions for adjustment and supplement of water functional zones are also put forward based on water demand by coastal economic development.


Mesothelioma is a rare malignant tumor that occurs from the pleural and the peritoneal mesothelial cells. Welldifferentiated papillary mesothelioma (WDPM) is a subtype of low-grade mesothelioma, the majority of which are asymptomatic and often discovered and diagnosed by chance during surgery. This time, we incidentally found spontaneous peritoneal uplift lesions and resected them using laparoscopic procedure when we performed a laparoscopic hysterectomy for the uterine fibroids. The pathological examination result was WDPM. We consider the significance of responding to incidental peritoneal lesions based on a rapid tissue examination during surgery and the technical key points of laparoscopic resection of peritoneal lesions.


The active operation of a trammel net by a sweeping technique is commonly used by fishermen in Cilacap, which are often referred as ciker nets. They are operated by lowering the net in a straight line and pulling the tail end from a ship moving in a full circle, while the other end functions as a circular axis. The effect of active operation allows for changes in performance with time, such as easy lifting or less buoyancy, and the unstable display of gears. This makes it necessary to perform design engineering, especially on buoys, sinkers, and high nets. However, the suitable quantity of these components for ciker net has never been ascertained. Calculations about how many buoys, sinkers, and net height to add need to be done to enhance ciker net construction for active operation. This research aimed to determine the optimum configuration of buoys, sinkers, and net height, and determine the engineering design of ciker nets based on the optimum ratio of buoyancy force to the sinking force of the trammel net. Therefore, the parameters measured include hanging ratio, stretched net length, buoyancy force, and sinking force. The results showed that the optimum configuration of buoys, sinkers, and net height was 59 pieces, 341 pieces, and 1.5 m respectively. Changes in the design of ciker nets, especially in the three components that affect the addition of buoyancy and sinking force ratio were based on the comparison of the trammel nets which was 1:5 greater than the design owned by fishermen at 1:4. Keywords: Bouyancy force Sinking force Ciker net Trammel net Shrimp


Diabetes is such a worse condition of a system when other parts of body are also suffered due to high glucose. Taken together, hyperglycemia may produce vascular dysfunctions, nerve damage, hypertension, insulin resistance and most importantly diabetic nephropathy. High glucose in blood can also generate free radicals which further initiate several pathways to produce more and more harmful components like NF-κβ, TNF-α, MIP, TGF-β, MMP-9, MDA, α-SMA, β-actin, β-integrin, IL-1β, Nox-4 and many more. Inside the kidney, oxidative stress has been blaming for recruitment of immune cell, stimulation of fibroblastic tissue, accumulation of mast cell and unbalancing iron metabolism protein known as heme oxygenase. Free radicals often damage cell membrane, hamper cytoplasm and alter genetic code inside nucleus. Evidences explore that plant bases anti-oxidants treatment are more appropriate on diabetic nephropathy compared to synthetics. Phenolic acid contents and flavonoids are being widely used to treat many diseases. Thus this review will try to describe and disclose about the possible treatment approach against diabetic nephropathy by anti-oxidant therapy.


A PMOS switching-biased VCO is investigated and fabricated by using TSMC 0.35 μm CMOS technology with 2.8 V power supply voltage. A switching bias is employed for the PMOS tail transistor to improve the phase noise. Measured tuning range is ranged from 2.87 GHz to 3.2 GHz. At 1 MHz offset from the carrier, the measured phase noise is -118.2 dBc/Hz. The chip takes 0.32 mm2 area. For a 0.35mm process, under the consideration of output power, this design shows better performance over the figure of merit.


Stratford's method of computing the development of a turbulent boundary layer in a strong adverse pressure gradient, based on division of the layer into an inner equilibrium layer and an outer layer of almost constant total-head, is simple and is based on current knowledge of the properties of turbulent flows, but the correspondence with experiment is worse than would be expected. The causes of this are investigated, first by testing the basic assumptions against the measurements of Schubauer & Klebanoff and then by calculating from the theory properties of the layer at intermediate stages of the development towards separation. It is shown that the theoretical condition for zero wall stress (a relation between pressure rise and pressure gradient) is always satisfied twice, first at an intermediate stage of development with wall stress about one-fifth of the initial value and second at the real position of zero stress. This behaviour involves a rapid decrease of pressure gradient in the neighbourhood of separation, caused by rapid thickening of the layer, and it is shown that the pressure distribution near separation depends only on the pressure rise to separation and the characteristics of the initial boundary layer and not on the geometry of the flow. With more measurements of boundary layers separating in strong adverse pressure gradients, these characteristic distributions could be determined as a one-parameter family. Their use for the prediction of position and pressure rise to separation in flows with specified boundaries without prior knowledge of the pressure distribution is discussed.


At present the use of antibiotics in the hospital there are many unreasonable,it is imperative to improve the clinicians on the rational use of antimicrobial agents as much attention to promote the rational use of antimicrobial drugs,at the same time,pay close attention to commonly used antibiotics of clinical adverse drug reaction monitoring,in order to reduce the occurrence of adverse drug reactions,the promotion of antibiotic safe,effective,economical and reasonable way to be used.


A homogenous phase change model (HPCM) based on the mass conservation law is proposed to analyze the flow field of a two-phase mechanical seal with 3D face structures. The two-phase flow domain is governed by the simultaneous partial differential equation set containing a mass transfer governing equation for each phase with a source term derived from the Rayleigh–Plesset model and a Reynolds equation for the mixture, where the pressure and the liquid fraction are unknowns. A numerical solution is developed based on finite element method (FEM). The results from the present model are in good agreement with those from the previous two-phase mechanical seal models. A two-phase mechanical seal with wavy-tilt-dam face structure is calculated. The results indicate that the 3D face structure affects the phase distribution by altering the film pressure field. The present model is especially useful to analyze the two-phase film flow field bounded by the complex solid surfaces.


A new expanded definition of the concept "aquaculture" is offered; according to it aquaculture includes fishery, commercial fishing, processing of hydrobionts and ecology of aquaculture. The general concepts, the structure of aquaculture types and the major theoretical and applied problems are considered.


it T ARKET gardening"' is the I\VII term applied to the intensive type of vegetable production often found at the fringe of urban areas.2 This traditionally market orientated location is partly the result of the perishable nature of many vegetables which necessitates their production in regions with quick access to the urban areas which serve as their markets. But also of great significance is the need to extend marketing over as long a period as possible so that frequent, regular trips to market with small consignments is the general pattern. The costs of such a procedure become prohibitive as distance from market increases. A third important locational factor is the desirability of personal contact between grower and merchant or retailer. This is probably more vital with respect to the marketing of vegetables, the quality of which can be so variable, than of any other agricultural product.


Public key cryptosystem has become a very important research topic in cryptography field for its simple algorithm design and high security.To build public key cryptosystem more effectively,gave a method to make a new cryptosystem from two given cryptosystems using the Diophantine equation Ax+By=C,then analyzed the method and gave some examples.It is proved that this public key cryptosystem based on compound encryption has not been influenced on time complexity and space complexity,but it has more security than the early systems and is much easier to be adopted by users.


Metabolism modeling has the potential to provideguidance on medicine manufacture and medical treatment inan efficient and economic way. A pancreas model developedfrom a mathematical description of the relevant physiologywill demonstrate insulin dynamics and provide a platform forcomparing metabolic abilities among different health conditions. As a part of whole body metabolism model, the pancreas model is composed of three compartments: insulin clearance (Id), generation (Ig) and release into plasma (Ir). Based on data from intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) available in the literature, a deterministic optimal search method called DIRECT (DIviding RECTangles) was implemented to find the model parameters. Validation was performed on data sets that are diffrent from those used for the optimization.


Femicide, homicide involving female victims, accounts for approximately one third of all homicides in Australia. Despite its prevalence, femicide has received considerably less theoretical attention than the more commonmale-on-male homicide. The current study uses qualitative data from the Coroner's brief of evidence to examine the social context of homicides which occurred between 1994 and 1998 in Victoria, Australia. All homicides for which data were available that included a female victim were included in the study, resulting in a total of 67 victims. Six social contexts of femicide were identified through the cases. Intimate femicide (22 cases, 33% of the sample) involved female victims who were killed by their intimate partner in a relationship characterised by jealousy, possessiveness and violence. These intimate femicides were usually not spontaneous acts of rage, but planned and purposive attacks, and often occurred around separation. Intimate homicide-suicides (9 cases, 13%) shared many of the characteristics of intimate femicide, but in addition to being possessive and violent, the offender was notably depressed, often due to financial problems. Femicides committed by mentally ill offenders (7 cases, 10%) involved offenders who were either actively psychotic or paranoid as a result of a diagnosed mental illness, the victims being the primary carer (parent or intimate partner) of the offender, with many, although not all, of the offenders being found not guilty by reason of insanity. Sexual homicides (10 cases, 15%) involved generally young offenders and victims who ranged in age from teenagers to the elderly, many of the victims being relative strangers to the offender, and most victims being killed by strangulation. Femicide in the context of criminality (11 cases, 16%) involved victims whowere killed for financial reward, as part of another crime, or as a means of conflict resolution amongst criminal associates, the victims generally being quite marginal individuals. Also included was a category for cases which were either unsolved, had no apparent motive, or did not fit into any of the other categories (8 cases, 12%). The importance of gender and social context in understanding femicide is discussed.


Background and purpose:Many plant-derived polyphenols have been studied for their anticancer effects and potential chemopreventive properties. Recent researches have suggested that plant polyphenols might be used to sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy by inhibiting pathways that lead to treatment resistance. These plant polyphenols have also been found to protect normal cells from therapy-associated toxicities. Nispex is an extract of Scurrula parasitica L parasitizing on Nernium indicum Mill., consisting mainly of polyphenol such as quercetin, quercitroside, avicularin and oleandrin et al. The purpose of this study was to examine the anticancer activity of Nispex in vitro and in mice, and the synergistic anticancer effect of Nispex combined with adriamycin in mice.Methods:MTT assay was used to detect the growth inhibition of human acute myeloid leukemia cells HL-60 by Nispex treatment. Xenograft of HL-60 was established by subcutaneous implantation of cultured HL-60 cells in BALB/c nude mice. Tumor growth inhibition in these mice was used to evaluate the anticancer activity of drugs. Mice used in these experiments were randomly divided into six groups: control group, ADR group, 30 mg/(kg·day)Nispex(-ip) group, 10 mg/(kg·day) Nispex-ip group,10 mg/(kg·day) Nispex-it group, 10 mg/kg per day Nispex-ip combined with ADR group. ADR were administered through caudal vein once only on the first day; Nispex treatment, 14 days. Tumor growth inhibition was evaluated by relative tumor volume (RTV) and tumor weight (TW).Results:Nispex inhibited HL-60 cells proliferation significantly in time and dose dependent manner; IC50 values were 0.75,0.70,0.54 and 0.48 μg/ml after being treated at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr by Nispex. HL-60 grafts of 30 mg/kg per day Nospex(ip) were inhibited by 60.6% according to RTV, 31.2% according to TW(P0.05); grafts of 10mg/kg per day Nospex(it) were inhibited by 59.4% according to RTV, 45.3% according to TW(P0.05); and grafts of ADR were inhibited by 65.2% according RTV, 60.4% according to TW; grafts of 10 mg/kg per day Nospex-ip combined with ADR were inhibited by 94.4% according to RTV, 92.9% according to TW(P0.01), the coefficient of drug interaction (CDI) was 0.240.7, meaning the synergistic effect was very significant.Conclusions:Our results indicate that Nispex can inhibit human tumor growth in invro and in mice; also, it can enhance the anticancer activity of adriamycin significantly. These dates suggest that Nispex may be useful in cancer chemotherapy.


Behavioral activation (BA) treatment has evolved from a component of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and has become standalone psychotherapy for depression. The rapid increasing application of tele-mental health approaches such as telephone-, internet-, and smartphone-based interventions with BA were emphasized. With its efficacy comparable to traditional CBT, and its evidenced-based cost-effectiveness, BA is promising to be developed into a guided self-help intervention. The efficacy across diagnoses and effective components of BA treatment were reviewed. With the rise of the third wave of psychotherapy, therapeutic components across diagnoses will be incorporated into behavioral activation therapy. However, extensive studies are required to examine the neural and modulatory mechanism of BA for depression, and to explore the feasibility and necessity of tele-mental health BA application into the healthcare system.


The seeds of many aquatic plants are buoyant and thus transported at the water surface, where they are subject to surface tension that may enhance their retention within emergent vegetation. Specifically, seeds may be trapped by surface tension (i.e., by the Cheerios effect) at the surface‐piercing interface of the vegetation. In this work we develop a physical model that predicts this mechanism of seed trapping, advancing the model proposed by Defina and Peruzzo (2010) that describes the propagation of floating particles through emergent vegetation. The emergent vegetation is simulated as an array of cylinders, randomly arranged, with the mean gap between cylinders far greater than the particle size, which prevents the trapping of particles between pairs of cylinders, referred to as net trapping. Laboratory experiments are used to guide and validate the model. The model also has good agreement with experimental data available in the literature for real seeds and more complex plant morphology.


Tight junctions (TJs) in endothelial cells act as cell–cell adhesion structures, governing paracellular permeability (PCP). Disruption can lead to leaky vascular bed and potentially to oedema and swelling of tissues, the aetiology of mastalgia. These changes may also cause vascular spread of cancer cells. This study aimed to determine whether the function of TJs in endothelial cells can be strengthened by gamma linolenic acid (GLA), selenium (Se) and iodine (I) in the presence of 17beta‐estradiol (17β‐estradiol), which causes leakage of endothelial cells by disruption of TJs in endothelium. GLA, I, and Se individually increased transendothelial resistance. The combination of all three agents also had a significant effect on TER. Addition of GLA/Se/I reduced PCP of the endothelial cells. Treatment with GLA/Se/I reversed the effect of 17β‐estradiol in reducing TER and increasing PCP. Immunofluorescence revealed that after treatment with Se/I/GLA over 24 h there was increasing relocation to endothelial cell–cell junctions of the TJ proteins Claudin‐5, Occludin, and ZO‐1. Interestingly, this relocation was particularly evident with treatments containing I when probing with Claudin‐5 and those containing Se for Occludin. There was a small increase in overall protein levels when examined by Western blotting after treatment with GLA/Se/I when probed with Claudin‐5 and Occludin. We report that GLA, I, and Se alone, or in combination are able to strengthen the function of TJs in human endothelial cells, by way of regulating the distribution of Claudin‐5, Occludin, and ZO‐1. Interestingly, this combination was also able to completely reverse the effect of 17β‐estradiol in these cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 1308–1319, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Urinary stones are hard objects that form in different areas such as the pelvis, urethra or bladder. Its prevalence is influenced by geographical, racial and ethnic changes, lifestyle changes and other factors. Medicinal plants have beneficial effects on human health due to their active ingredients and medicinal and antioxidant compounds. In this review study, the most important medicinal plants affecting kidney stones are reviewed and reported based on reliable sources and manuscripts of traditional Iranian medicine. For this purpose, for this review study, the sources of the most important books of traditional medicine were used. Sources and books used include Al-Abnieh An Haghayegh Al-Advieh by Abu Mansour Heravi, The Canon of Medicine Ibn Sina, Tazkaratol ololalbab, Aljameolaajab of Davoud Antaki, Tohfatol almoemenin of Hakim MoemenTonekaboni, Mokhzanol Aladvieh of Hakim Mohammadhossein Aghili, Alhavi of Zakariaye Razi and Makhzanol Advieh of Mohammadhossein AghiliAlavi Khorasani were the master of medicine.The results showed that medicinal plants such as Feverfew, Chickpea, Bindii, Grape leaves, Lithospermum off, Carumcopticum, Matricaria recutita, Grape, Prunus species, Ferula persica, Apium graveolens, Nigella sativa, Peucedanum officinalis, Allium sativum, Centaurea cyan, Brassica rapa, Armenica vulgaris, Cucumber, Atriplex hortensis, Cucurbita maxima, Zingiber zerumbet, Arnebia euchroma and Origanum majorana are the most important medicinal plants used in traditional Iranian medicine for the treatment of kidney stones. *Correspondence to: somayeh.shahsavari.pbp@ gmail.com Received: 27 June 2020 Accepted: 01 March 2021 ePublished: 03 March 2021


The continuous carbon fiber bundle was separated to single fiber tapes by the air comb,used as the reinforced materials in the carbon fiber/phenolic resin composites after being treated by 60% nitric acid.The microstructure characteristics of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscope,Raman spectroscopy,etc.The results of the mechanical test indicate that the composite reinforced by the continuous separated carbon(fiber) tape has doubled its flexural strength and tripled its interlaminar shear strength but losing some impact strength compared to the composites reinforced by the continuous carbon fiber bundle.


When taking a history from people who had been inpatients at other hospitals we were struck by how infrequently they knew the name of the consultant who had been responsible for their care. This is a poorly documented topic, and we decided to see if inpatients in our own hospital knew the name of


Abstract It was recently shown that fragment Lys-Ser-Pro-Val (1,2) is the major site in vivo neurofilament phosforilation. A suitable method for the preparation of this peptide was therefore studied paying particular attention to the purification step. Even thought solubility of this peptide in methyl t-butil ether does not allow the standard purification. It is possible achieve a good separation in a single step by HPLC, after a simple extraction with acidic water.


Inclisiran, an investigational PCSK9-specific RNA silencing molecule with potential for a maintenance regimen of twice yearly dosing, significantly lowered LDL-C and PCSK9 in the dose-ranging ORION-1 trial. We report its efficacy and safety by diabetes status, and its impact on glycemia. ORION-1 randomized 501 persons with atherosclerosis (ASCVD) or ASCVD-risk equivalents, and high LDL-C despite maximally tolerated LDL-C lowering therapies, to inclisiran or placebo. Inclisiran significantly lowered LDL-C and PCSK9 similarly in persons with and without diabetes at day 180 (Table). Temporal A1C were similar in the placebo and incisiran arms (Figure). These data suggest that inclisiran is efficacious and does not worsen glycemia in persons with ASCVD or ASCVD-risk equivalents, regardless of their diabetes status, over 180 days. Disclosure L. Leiter: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca. Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca. Advisory Panel; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; GlaxoSmithKline plc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Merck & Co., Inc.. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Merck & Co., Inc.. Research Support; Self; Merck & Co., Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Sanofi. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Sanofi. Advisory Panel; Self; Servier. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Servier. Research Support; Self; Servier. Advisory Panel; Self; Amgen Inc.. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Amgen Inc.. Research Support; Self; Amgen Inc., Esperion Therapeutics, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc., The Medicines Company. Advisory Panel; Self; Akcea Therapeutics, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. H. Teoh: None. D. Kallend: Employee; Self; The Medicines Company. R. Wright: Consultant; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, The Medicines Company, Sanofi-Aventis, Eli Lilly and Company, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. U. Landmesser: Advisory Panel; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Medicines Company, Sanofi. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Amgen Inc. P.L. Wijngaard: Employee; Self; The Medicines Company. Stock/Shareholder; Self; The Medicines Company. J.J. Kastelein: Consultant; Self; The Medicines Company. K.K. Ray: Consultant; Self; Amgen Inc., Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Sanofi. Consultant; Self; The Medicines Company. Research Support; Self; Amgen Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Consultant; Self; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pfizer Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., AstraZeneca, Esperion Therapeutics, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Pfizer Inc.. Consultant; Self; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.. Research Support; Self; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp..


This brief article summarizes the historical background of the thin needle aspiration technique as it applies to diseases of the breast. The technique and the achievements of this method in the diagnosis of small breast cancers are reported. A brief note on the value of nipple secretions in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the mammary ducts is appended.


Clinidium (Mexiclinidium) reyesi is described from Volcan Tacana in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas in Chiapas State, southern Mexico. It is intermediate between known species of Subgenus Mexiclinidium and Clinidium ( Protainoa ) extrarium, so Protainoa is suppressed and C. extrarium is included in Subgenus Mexiclinidium. Females are also described for C. {Mexiclinidium) newtoni Bell and Bell, from the same region, and C. {sensu stricto) mathani Grouvelle, from Brazil. labelled Union Chiapas, Castillo." PARATYPES, 2 females, same place and date, one collected by P. Reyes and J. Valenzuela, the other by P. Reyes and G. Quintero. (All specimens in the Museo de Historia Natural de la Ciudad de Mexico.) Description. with of minor setae on segments 6-10; basal setae present on segments head longer than broad; median relatively long, just anterior to posterior of suborbital


The lysosomal carboxypeptidase, cathepsin A (protective protein), stabilized β-galactosidase and activates neuraminidase by forming a high-molecular-weight complex with them, but is also able to hydrolyse in vitro a number of bioactive peptides. We specifically inhibited endogenous serum cathepsin A in rats by immunizing the animals with human cathepsin A. Immunization was associated with long-term suppression of the learning ability of rats in an active avoidance test and motor and exploratory activities in an open field test. These results suggest the involvement of cathepsin A in the metabolism of peptides implicated in memory consolidation. Immunization did not affect blood pressure and heart rate regulation, which is in contrast with an earlier suggestion that cathepsin A has a role in the inactivation of endothelin and in the generation of angiotensin II. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The constant changes in the world of work and new trends in higher education have led to continued intentions between the two processes, characterized by new requirements of the first and constant adaptation to the training of professionals. The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Republic of Uruguay, adapting to major scientific and technical changes of veterinary science and the need to modernize the academic offerings, changed its curriculum in 1998, shortening the duration of the race and adding a directed cycle and optional final degree thesis. This paper analyzes the responses of 450 students to a survey at graduation, on different aspects of personal, employment and future outlook. It was found that has shortened the duration of the race, achieving younger vets mostly with work upon graduation. There is agreement on the proper perception of the training received by most of the students surveyed, which may also explain the optimism of finding work for those who still do not. Moreover also underlines the need for more practical activities during the race, mainly the central stem material that addresses the career lab work and veterinary clinics.


: The Global disease (COVID-19 pandemic) has impacted our lives in various ways. Online teaching is the strange routine for studying platforms to continue with the process of educating students, Online classes have become a key component in the continuity of education.: 1. This study aims to rank the usefulness of online teaching compared to classroom conventional teaching 2. Socioeconomic parameters related to online teaching in a medical college: The study is a cross-sectional study done on medical students. A questionnaire was prepared listing the various ways in which they discern online teaching trying to cope up during the pandemic.: After the institutional Ethics committee clearance, online cross-sectional study was done on the medical students where from the 2 and 3 year. This online survey was done between 10May 2021- 10 June 2021, A total number of 211 students participated out of 250, after completion of 18 months of online classes. A Set of 15 self -designed questionnaire based on 5 point Likert scale was given to the students to rank the effectiveness through online class usefulness levels and satisfaction levels on various parameters. Students were also asked about the demographic factors. The data was analyzed using software SPSS software The study results shows that online classes is less helpful in five parameters and equally helpful in five parameters but was not at all superior to conventional methods, we can come to the interpretation that students think that classroom teaching cannot be replaced by online teaching. We can conclude that online studies can only be a supplement and cannot be an alternate for the established order of learning


Price selection is a simple, model-free measure of selection in price setting and its contribution to inflation dynamics. It exploits comovement between inflation and the level from which adjusting prices departed. Prices that increase from lower-than-usual levels tend to push inflation above average. Using detailed micro-level consumer price data for the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada, we find robust evidence of strong price selection across goods and services. At a disaggregate level, price selection accounts for 37% of inflation variance in the United Kingdom, 36% in the United States, and 28% in Canada. Price selection is stronger for goods with less frequent price changes or with larger average price changes. Aggregate price selection is considerably weaker. A multisector sticky-price model accounts well for this evidence and demonstrates a monotone relationship between price selection and monetary non-neutrality.


Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) are becoming a widespread means of facilitating learning. The Moodie VLE is one of many technology tools that enable and support online learning. It is a user-friendly, free, opensource tool used to deliver instruction online and to supplement face-to-face learning.


This report presents the results of laboratory investigations of low-permeability sandstones at the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT), Chicago. The core samples used in these studies were from the following wells: (1) Mapco RBU 11-17F well from the Uinta Basin, Utah; and (2) PTS 24-19 Federal from Sublette County, Wyoming. Core samples from the Greater Green River Basin in Wyoming were also used in some of the experiments. Permeability to gas was measured as a function of pore pressure, confining pressure, and partial water saturation. Porosity characteristics of the samples were also measured, and a new method was developed to measure pore volume compressibility of sandstone samples. A comprehensive theoretical analysis of anisotropy in porous media was completed, and a novel experimental technique was developed to characterize anisotropy in sandstone sediments. Correlations have been developed to describe the dependence of permeability of tight sandstones on confining pressure and partial water saturation. In addition, a cooperative program was developed with USGS Denver, whereby the results of petrographic analyses conducted at the USGS were used in conjunction with reservoir parameters measured at IGT to better understand the properties of tight sandstones. Topical reports on the measurement of directional permeability trends and anothermore » one on the dependence of porosity on confining pressure have been prepared and are presented as separate Special Reports.« less


In recent years, Pakistan controls on terrorism activities and move forward towards economic stability. For this stability and sustainability both genders are supposed to contribute in economic development and growth. According to study only 1% women social entrepreneurs out of 21% of male social entrepreneurs are operating in Pakistan. This shows the lowest rate of females operating in social business ventures inside Pakistan. This research is based on identifying the challenges faced by women Social Entrepreneurs from KPK and FATA (terrorism affected areas), Pakistan. Women in these areas have sturdy social and cultural influence. Therefore, it is important to identify what factors affecting the process of their operations and in executing their businesses in the local market. Moreover, about 88 to 90% of females started their businesses in social defiance. Hence, most of them work quietly for the first year in business. This research will address those challenging factors faced by women social entrepreneurs of KPK and FATA in daily life. Keywords: Social Entrepreneur, Women Empowerment, Start-ups, Gender-gap. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-18-17 Publication date: June 30th 2020


Generalized morphea (GM)-like scleroderma was first proposed as a unique subtype of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (SSc) [1]. GM-like scleroderma has features that include male predominance, rapid progression, higher incidence of exposure to organic solvents, and lower incidence of internal organ involvement compared with usual diffuse SSc or scleroderma [2]. On the other hand, usual GM is characterized by indurated plaques, with widespread pigmentary change. Compared with GM-like scleroderma, sclerodactyly and visceral involvement are not observed in usual GM patients. Moreover, morphea profunda is included in a variety of clinical entities in which inflammation and sclerosis are found in the deep dermis, panniculus fascia, or superficial muscle [3]. We describe an interesting case of atypical GM-like scleroderma associated with deep sclerosis on the fingers, which indicated morphea-profunda-like findings. Case report


Based on their tight specificity for the disease, their association to its most severe forms and their production in the inflamed synovial tissue where citrullinated fibrin, their main antigenic target, is also abundant, the autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) probably play a central role in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To substantiate this hypothesis the authors developed an original and totally human in vitro model …


A multicenter, blinded, controlled trial of PSA-positive macrophages in peripheral blood (imPSA) for detection of prostate cancer has validated pilot study results in Austria.


Random sampling of documents is a substantial supporting function for research in information science, content-related research (like content adaptation), or social sciences. Looking for an appropriate method to get a random sample of Microsoft Office files for research on presentation sharing applications, we found out, that the two main approaches Random Walk and Random Search are not appropriate to find formatted documents. Both approaches are designed for the purpose of large scale Web analysis and do not fit more special requirements.
 In this paper, we adopt and extend the Random Search approach first described by Bharat and Broder to a more universal random sampling method based on natural language lexica called NL Sampler, that can be used in a wide range of application domains. It supports parameters like file type or DNS domain restrictions while preserving representativeness. We implemented and evaluated the approach and found a Zipf-like distribution of average hits per query which enables estimation of query hits for a certain set of parameters and thus can be used in a lot more application areas than the approaches previously published. Estimation functions are given for Microsoft Word and PowerPoint documents.


This paper reports on the discovery of extended emission line gas around the two Seyfert 2 galaxies IRAS 1105-1131 and 1E 1530-085. Long slit spectroscopy of these objects is presented together with observations of other extended envelopes surrounding active galactic nuclei of different activity levels


Background The present paper evaluates the genetic variability of HCV in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Amino acid substitutions (aas) in NS3, NS5A and core regions were analyzed in 17 patients with HCC (Cases) and 13 without HCC (Controls), all naïve to DAAs. For the Cases, a sample of neoplastic liver tissue, non-neoplastic liver tissue and a serum sample were collected; for the Controls, a sample of liver tissue was collected. Sanger sequencing of three regions was performed using homemade protocols. Results Phylogenetic trees showed that there was no difference in the virus populations in the three compartments analyzed for the three HCV regions in patients with HCC. Low variability and no difference between the Cases and Controls were observed in the core and NS5A regions; however, in the NS3 region, a higher variability was observed in the Cases. No difference was observed in the core region between Cases and Controls. In NS3, aa substitutions at positions 103 and 122 were more frequently found in Cases than Controls (in both cases 50% vs 9.1%, p<0.05); moreover, aas in positions 32, 44 (p=0.035 for both), 79 (p=0.008) and 121 (p=0.018) were observed in the Cases and absent in the Controls. Finally, considering the NS5A region, aa substitutions at positions 37 and 54 were more frequently identified in the Cases than the Controls, but without statistical significance. Conclusion These data may suggest a higher aa variability in patients with HCC than in those without, especially in the NS3 region.


A 3-D, finite element based simulation tool for flexible multibody systems is presented. Hinge degrees-of-freedom is built into equations of motion to reduce geometric constraints. The approach avoids the difficulty in selecting deformation modes for flexible components by using assumed mode method. The tool is applied to simulate a practical space structure deployment problem. Results of examples demonstrate the capability of the code and approach.


Objective:this study aim to evaluate expression of Smad2/3 protein in oral submucous fibrosis,and investigate their possible role in oral submucous fibrosis.Method:Expression of protein of Smad2/3 in 20 cases of oral submucous fibrosis(OSF),10 cases of normal control oral mucosa tissues were studied by SABC immunohistochemistry with the Smad2/3 rabbit anti human polyclonal antibody.Result:The study showed that the Smad2/3-immunoreactivity were moderate expression in OSF compared to normal control group which were significant(P0.05).Conclusion:Smad2/3 protein have moderate expression in oral submucous fibrosis.They act as an important role in pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis.


The release of procedures of galvanopelotherapy by a segmentarno-local technique in complex health resort rehabilitation of osteoarthrosis including course of the general hydrosulphuric baths at patients with a plural lesion of joints, including accompanying spinal osteochondrosis, in comparison with a local technique of release promotes more expressed anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects, positive local and segmentary trophic influence with the phenomena of improvement of a condition peripheral and vegetative nervous systems, peripheral blood circulation, that is shown by augmentation of therapeutic efficiency of health resort rehabilitation of patients on the average on 6-7% in shortened till 18 days period at simultaneous absence of weight a medical complex.


In this paper we study the requirements for a modern Mathematics teacher, his or her level of scientific thinking, properties of a process of training in high school, which are dictated by students, their parents and the public demand of the society. The main problems of forming of logical culture in future teachers of Mathematics and ways of overcoming them are shown. The author of the paper makes notice of special conditions that foster independent thinking, making analysis and conclusion, that stimulate the comprehensive work of students and the use of methods of logics and practice. The innovative methods are mentioned as very important methods of work in the modern classroom. The educational process should make students want to ask questions to their teacher. These and other features of the educational process, defined in the paper, show how Mathematics teachers may reach a new qualitative level of their professional knowledge and competence.


ABSTRACT The sol-gel method was used to synthesise two groups of hybrid membranes from silica precursors: ETMS (ethyltrimethoxysilane) and MTES (methyltriethoxysilane), and cellulose derivatives. Peroxidase isolated from horseradish and tyrosinase isolated from mushrooms was immobilized by covalent immobilization. The kinetic parameters of the isolated enzymes, pH and temperature optimum were studied. The results of this study showed a higher relative and residual activity of the enzyme when immobilized on membranes containing cellulose acetate propionate with high molecular weight CAP/H. Membranes with the best parameters were used as carriers of the multienzyme peroxidase—tyrosinase system. An optical biosensor with an oxygen electrode was constructed. Potentially, the sensor could be used for monitoring of the environment, detecting phenols in wastewater, food stuff, and in medicine.


The center frequency of Brillouin scattering spectrum is easily influenced by the noise and the measurement accuracy
of optical fiber strain is reduced. So a novel denoising method which can be applied in the Brillouin scattering spectrum
is developed in this article. The Brillouin scattering spectrum is decomposed into multi-scale detail coefficients and
approximation coefficients by using the wavelet transform. The wavelet decomposition detail coefficients are threshold
quantified by utilizing the threshold algorithm. At the same time, the wavelet decomposition approximation coefficients
are trained and simulated by using the BP neural network in order to remove noise hided in the approximation
coefficients. So the novel method can reduce the wavelet decomposition scales. The Brillouin scattering spectrum which
has a better denoising effect can be gained by using the inverse wavelet transform, and the measurement accuracy of
optical fiber strain is enhanced also. The results of simulation and experiment demonstrate that the proposed method can
suppress noise better; accordingly, the new method can gain more precision optical fiber strain and reduce the wavelet
decomposition scales effectively than the conventional wavelet denoising method. Theory analysis and experiment show
that the method is reasonable and efficient.


From a colonial documentary corpus we analyse some scriptural practices of the south central Andes during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Through this documentary corpus, it can be established that methods similar to those used in medieval writing workshops were used; nevertheless, in the Andean situation there was a special ization in rescuing pre-Hispanic traditions that, together with other institutions, could explain the use of writing on the part of some natives who later would become consoli dated in the Latin American literary tradition, such as Guaman Poma or Pachacuti.